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Luo J, Wu Y, Fu H, Fu M, Liu M, Guo H, Jin L, Wang S. Shift in microorganism and functional gene abundance during completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121009. [PMID: 38718600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nitrification-denitrification process has failed to meet wastewater treatment standards. The completely autotrophic nitrite removal (CANON) process has a huge advantage in the field of low carbon/nitrogen wastewater nitrogen removal. However, slow start-up and system instability limit its applications. In this study, the time of the start-up CANON process was reduced by using bio-rope as loading materials. The establishing of graded dissolved oxygen improved the stability of the CANON process and enhanced the stratification effect between functional microorganisms. Microbial community structure and the abundance of nitrogen removal functional genes are also analyzed. The results showed that the CANON process was initiated within 75 days in the complete absence of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) inoculation. The ammonium and nitrogen removal efficiencies of CANON process reached to 94.45% and 80.76% respectively. The results also showed that the relative abundance of nitrogen removal bacterial in the biofilm gradually increases with the dissolved oxygen content in the solution decreases. In contrast, the relative abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria was positively correlated with the dissolved oxygen content in the solution. The relative abundance of g__Candidatus_Brocadia in biofilm was 15.56%, and while g__Nitrosomonas was just 0.6613%. Metagenomic analysis showed that g__Candidatus_Brocadia also contributes 66.37% to the partial-nitrification functional gene Hao (K10535). This study presented a new idea for the cooperation between partial-nitrification and anammox, which improved the nitrogen removal system stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Luo
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Haiyan Fu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China.
| | - Muxing Fu
- Xiamen Zhongrenhemei Biotechnology Co., Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Mian Liu
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Huibin Guo
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Rural Sewage Treatment and Water Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
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2
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Zhao L, Fu D, Wu X, Liu C, Yuan X, Wang S, Duan C. Opposite response of constructed wetland performance in nitrogen and phosphorus removal to short and long terms of operation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:120002. [PMID: 38169257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been widely used for treating polluted water since the 1950s, with applications in over 50 countries worldwide. Most studies investigating the pollutant removal efficiency of these wetlands have focused on differences among wetland designs, operation strategies, and environmental conditions. However, there still remains a gap in understanding the variation in wetland pollutant removal efficiency over different time scales. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to address this gap by conducting a global meta-analysis to estimate the variation in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal by wetland in short- and long-term pollutant treatment. The findings of this study indicated that the total efficiencies of N and P removal increased during short-term wetland operation but decreased during long-term operation. However, for surface flow CWs specifically, the efficiencies of N and P removal increased during short-term operation and remained stable during long-term operation. Moreover, the study discovered that wetland N removal efficiency was influenced by seasons, with an increase in spring and summer and a decrease in autumn and winter. Conversely, there was no significant seasonal effect on P removal efficiency. Additionally, high hydraulic load impaired wetland N and P removal efficiency during long-term operation. This study offers a critical review of the role of wetlands in wastewater treatment and provides valuable reference data for the design and selection of CWs types during wastewater treatment in the aspect of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoqi Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Denggao Fu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xiaoni Wu
- School of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Change Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Xinqi Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China
| | - Changqun Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China; Yunnan International Cooperative Center of Plateau Lake Ecological Restoration and Watershed Management & Yunnan Think Tank of Ecological Civilization, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, China.
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3
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Suriasni PA, Faizal F, Hermawan W, Subhan U, Panatarani C, Joni IM. IoT Water Quality Monitoring and Control System in Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor to Reduce Total Ammonia Nitrogen. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:494. [PMID: 38257587 PMCID: PMC10819107 DOI: 10.3390/s24020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Traditional aquaculture systems appear challenged by the high levels of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) produced, which can harm aquatic life. As demand for global fish production continues to increase, farmers should adopt recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) equipped with biofilters to improve the water quality of the culture. The biofilter plays a crucial role in ammonia removal. Therefore, a biofilter such as a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) biofilter is usually used in the RAS to reduce ammonia. However, the disadvantage of biofilter operation is that it requires an automatic system with a water quality monitoring and control system to ensure optimal performance. Therefore, this study focuses on developing an Internet of Things (IoT) system to monitor and control water quality to achieve optimal biofilm performance in laboratory-scale MBBR. From 35 days into the experiment, water quality was maintained by an aerator's on/off control to provide oxygen levels suitable for the aquatic environment while monitoring the pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). When the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the MBBR was optimal, the highest TAN removal efficiency was 50%, with the biofilm thickness reaching 119.88 μm. The forthcoming applications of the IoT water quality monitoring and control system in MBBR enable farmers to set up a system in RAS that can perform real-time measurements, alerts, and adjustments of critical water quality parameters such as TAN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu A. Suriasni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (P.A.S.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
| | - Ferry Faizal
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (P.A.S.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
| | - Wawan Hermawan
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ujang Subhan
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Camellia Panatarani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (P.A.S.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
| | - I Made Joni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (P.A.S.); (F.F.); (C.P.)
- Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; (W.H.); (U.S.)
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Zhang M, Jiao T, Chen S, Zhou W. A review of microbial nitrogen transformations and microbiome engineering for biological nitrogen removal under salinity stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139949. [PMID: 37648161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The osmotic stress caused by salinity exerts severe inhibition on the process of biological nitrogen removal (BNR), leading to the deterioration of biosystems and the discharge of nitrogen with saline wastewater. Feasible strategies to solve the bottleneck in saline wastewater treatment have attracted great attention, but relevant studies to improve nitrogen transformations and enhance the salt-tolerance of biosystems in terms of microbiome engineering have not been systematically reviewed and discussed. This work attempted to provide a more comprehensive explanation of both BNR and microbiome engineering approaches for saline wastewater treatment. The effect of salinity on conventional BNR pathways, nitrification-denitrification and anammox, was summarized at cellular and metabolic levels, including the nitrogen metabolic pathways, the functional microorganisms, and the inhibition threshold of salinity. Promising nitrogen transformations, such as heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification, ammonium assimilation and the coupling of conventional pathways, were introduced and compared based on advantages and challenges in detail. Strategies to improve the salt tolerance of biosystems were proposed and evaluated from the perspective of microbiome engineering. Finally, prospects of future investigation and applications on halophilic microbiomes in saline wastewater treatment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 250061 Jinan, China; Laboratory of Water-Sediment Regulation and Eco-decontamination, 250061, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Jiao
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 250061 Jinan, China; Laboratory of Water-Sediment Regulation and Eco-decontamination, 250061, Jinan, China
| | - Shigeng Chen
- Shandong Nongda Fertilizer Sci.&Tech. Co., Ltd., Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 250061 Jinan, China; Laboratory of Water-Sediment Regulation and Eco-decontamination, 250061, Jinan, China.
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5
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Narayanaswamy R, Prabhakaran VS, Al-Ansari MM, Al-Humaid LA, Tiwari P. An In Silico Analysis of Synthetic and Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of Nitrous Oxide Reductase (N 2OR) and Nitrite Reductase (NIR). TOXICS 2023; 11:660. [PMID: 37624165 PMCID: PMC10458745 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification inhibitors are recognized as a key approach that decreases the denitrification process to inhibit the loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere in the form of N2O. Targeting denitrification microbes directly could be one of the mitigation approaches. However, minimal attempts have been devoted towards the development of denitrification inhibitors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular docking behavior of the nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR) and nitrite reductase (NIR) involved in the microbial denitrification pathway. Specifically, in silico screening was performed to detect the inhibitors of nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR) and nitrite reductase (NIR) using the PatchDock tool. Additionally, a toxicity analysis based on insecticide-likeness, Bee-Tox screening, and a STITCH analysis were performed using the SwissADME, Bee-Tox, and pkCSM free online servers, respectively. Among the twenty-two compounds tested, nine ligands were predicted to comply well with the TICE rule. Furthermore, the Bee-Tox screening revealed that none of the selected 22 ligands exhibited toxicity on honey bees. The STITCH analysis showed that two ligands, namely procyanidin B2 and thiocyanate, have interactions with both the Paracoccus denitrificans and Hyphomicrobium denitrificans microbial proteins. The molecular docking results indicated that ammonia exhibited the second least atomic contact energy (ACE) of -15.83 kcal/mol with Paracoccus denitrificans nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR) and an ACE of -15.20 kcal/mol with Hyphomicrobium denitrificans nitrite reductase (NIR). The inhibition of both the target enzymes (N2OR and NIR) supports the view of a low denitrification property and suggests the potential future applications of natural/synthetic compounds as significant nitrification inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasantha-Srinivasan Prabhakaran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mysoon M. Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.-A.); (L.A.A.-H.)
| | - Latifah A. Al-Humaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.M.A.-A.); (L.A.A.-H.)
| | - Pragya Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Republic of Korea
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6
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Li X, Liu C, Xie H, Sun Y, Xu S, Liu G. Nitrogen removal of thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion liquid: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138097. [PMID: 36764619 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment, as an anaerobic digestion (AD) pretreatment, has not only been verified in the laboratory but also frequently employed in actual engineering. However, the properties of anaerobic digestion liquid (ADL), such as high organic matter concentration, high ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) concentration, and low carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), have posed some difficulties in the follow-up treatment. To address the above issues, the autotrophic nitrogen removal (ANR) process is developed to treat ADL. Due to the NH4+-N, organic materials, toxic and harmful substances in the ADL that might directly impact the activity of functional bacteria, the ADL should be treated before being fed into the ANR process. This paper provided a focused review of the thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion process (TH-ADP) mechanism and the ANR mechanism, summarized the existing difficulties in the treatment of thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic digestion liquid (TH-ADL), assessed the research status thoroughly, and offered the potential solutions to the problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Changkuo Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Hongwei Xie
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Shiwei Xu
- Beijing Capital Eco-environment Protection Group Co., Itd, China
| | - Gaige Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
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7
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Huber M, Poller MJ, Tochtermann J, Korth W, Jess A, Albert J. Revealing the nitrogen reaction pathway for the catalytic oxidative denitrification of fuels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4079-4082. [PMID: 36938686 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00648d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Aside from the desulfurisation, the denitrogenation of fuels is of great importance to minimze the environmental impact of transport emissions. The oxidative reaction pathway of organic nitrogen in the catalytic oxidative denitrogenation could be successfully elucidated. This is the first time such a pathway could be traced in detail in non-microbial systems. It was found that the organic nitrogen is first oxidized to nitrate, which is subsequently reduced to molecular nitrogen via nitrous oxide. Hereby, the organic substrate serves as a reducing agent. The discovery of this pathway is an important milestone for the further development of fuel denitrogenation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Huber
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Maximilian J Poller
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jens Tochtermann
- hair of Chemical Engineering, Center of Energy Technology (ZET), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Korth
- hair of Chemical Engineering, Center of Energy Technology (ZET), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Jess
- hair of Chemical Engineering, Center of Energy Technology (ZET), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jakob Albert
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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Das P, Paul K. A review on integrated vermifiltration as a sustainable treatment method for wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116974. [PMID: 36516714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the scarcity of fresh water, concerned authorities worldwide are bound to think about remediation and reuse of domestic and industrial effluents. The present review study on integrated vermifiltrationwith hydroponic system explains mechanism followed in system and presently the reutilization and remediation of domestic and industrial effluents. It explains the result of integrated vermifiltration and recognizes factors such as clogging, hydraulic loading rate or rain on bed, salinity, and sunlight affect the efficiency of system. The study also focuses on limitations associated with vermifiltration and also suggestions have been made for enhancing the sustainability and performance of existing practices. After literature review, integrated vermifiltration with hydroponic system considered as a natural and eco-friendly method for treating polluted water. Active zone of vermifilter remove organics, nitrate from nitrogen, total and dissolved phosphorus from wastewater. The vermifiltration and integrated vermifiltration with macrophyte able remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the range (53.7%-64.4%) and (75.5%-82.8%) respectively. The integrated system reduces land consumption and wastewater can be reutilized in cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragyan Das
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India.
| | - KakoliKarar Paul
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, India.
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9
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Morral E, Dorado AD, Gamisans X. A novel bioscrubber for the treatment of high loads of ammonia from polluted gas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8698-8706. [PMID: 35262894 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel bioscrubber configuration for the treatment of high ammonia loads at short contact times. The biological reactor was designed to work as a moving-bed biofilm rector (MBBR) increasing biomass retention time. This configuration is still unexplored for the treatment of waste gases. Long-term operation of a lab-scale bioscrubber under different inlet concentrations of ammonia (60-570 ppmv) and a gas contact time of 4 s was performed to study the system operational limits during 250 days. The effect of the dissolved oxygen concentration on the nitrification rate was also evaluated. Under these conditions, a critical elimination capacity (EC) of 250 NH3·m-3·h-1 and a maximum EC of 300 g NH3·m-3·h-1 were obtained. The maximum nitrification rate obtained was 0.5 kg N·m-3·day-1. However, this nitrification rate only was possible to be achieved under partial nitrification. For complete nitrification, the critical nitrification rate was 0.3 kg N·m-3·day-1. These results confirm that bioscrubber coupled to a MBBR is a good alternative to treat high ammonia loads with remarkable advantages, such as the retention of properly biomass concentration without auxiliary equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Morral
- Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Bases de Manresa, 61-73, 08240, Manresa, Spain.
| | - Antonio D Dorado
- Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Bases de Manresa, 61-73, 08240, Manresa, Spain
| | - Xavier Gamisans
- Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Bases de Manresa, 61-73, 08240, Manresa, Spain
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Liu S, Zhou Z, Liu J, Wang K, Li J, Wang P, Xie X, Jia Y, Wang H. Simulation of water and nitrogen movement mechanism in cold regions during freeze-thaw period based on a distributed nonpoint source pollution model closely coupled water, heat, and nitrogen processes at the watershed scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:5931-5954. [PMID: 35986109 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen cycle in cold regions during the freeze-thaw period is complex. Although previous studies have investigated the phenomenon of nitrogen transport and transformation, the underlying mechanisms are vague. Existing models have limitations in terms of loose coupling or weak physical mechanisms. Therefore, a new distributed nonpoint source pollution model, the water and energy transfer processes and nitrogen cycle processes model in cold regions, was developed in this study, with closely coupled water, heat, and nitrogen processes at the watershed scale. The model considered the driving effects of pressure, gravity, solute, and temperature potentials on water and nitrogen movement in soil and the transformation relationship among nitrogen forms. Physical evaluation and simulations were conducted for the Heidingzi River Watershed during two freeze-thaw periods: 2017-2018 and 2018-2019. The soil temperature absolute error was < 0.82 ℃. The relative errors in stratified liquid water, soil nitrogen content, river flow rate, and river nitrogen concentration were mostly < 10%. Nitrogen transport with water had an obvious "upward agglomeration effect" during the freezing period and a "concentrated release effect" during the thawing period, which was attributed to changes in soil water potential as the freezing front moved down. Disregarding the effects of solute potential and temperature potential will result in an underestimate of the outflow of pollutants during the thawing period. The model can be applied to reveal water quality deterioration in cold regions during thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zuhao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jia Li
- Planning, Design and Administration Bureau of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Pengxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Xinmin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Yangwen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basins, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China
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Watari T, Asano K, Omine T, Hatamoto M, Araki N, Mimura K, Nagano A, Yamaguchi T. Effects of denitrifying granular sludge addition on activated sludge and anaerobic-aerobic systems for municipal sewage treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:830-839. [PMID: 36097952 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2118485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conventional activated sludge (AS) systems are widely used to treat domestic sewage worldwide. However, the removal of nitrogen in the AS system is limited, and its concentration in the effluent exceeds the recommended values in the discharge standards. In this study, a pilot experiment was conducted to improve nitrogen removal during municipal sewage treatment by operating AS and anaerobic-aerobic (AO) systems under low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions of less than 0.5 mg L-1 and by adding denitrifying granular sludge. The low DO operation of the AS and AO systems led to the sludge washout and increased the organic content and ammonia and nitrate concentration of the effluent. In contrast, the nitrate concentrations of the effluents produced by the AS and AO systems were 9.4 ± 3.6 and 8.4 ± 0.7 mg-N L-1, respectively, indicated that denitrifying granular sludge addition enhanced denitrification during sewage treatment. The total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency increased by 13% and 9% for the AS and AO systems despite a decrease in the temperature of 6 °C for the water in the aeration tank. Thus, adding denitrifying granular sludge to the aeration tank is a simple and effective approach to improve organic and nitrogen removal during wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Watari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kenya Asano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Nagano College, Nagano, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takanori Omine
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masashi Hatamoto
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobuo Araki
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Nagaoka College, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Ichinoseki College, Ichinoseki, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Mimura
- Technical Research and Development Institute, Sanki Engineering Co., Ltd, Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nagano
- Technical Research and Development Institute, Sanki Engineering Co., Ltd, Yamato, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
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12
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Liu F, Worland A, Tang Y, Moustafa H, Hassouna MSED, He Z. Microbial electrochemical ammonia recovery from anaerobic digester centrate and subsequent application to fertilize Arabidopsis thaliana. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118667. [PMID: 35667170 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although ammonia recovery from wastewater can be environmentally friendly and energy efficient compared to the conventional Haber-Bosch process, there is a lack of research on the reuse of the recovered ammonia to exhibit a complete picture of resource recovery. In this study, a microbial electrochemical system (MES) was used to recover ammonia from a mixture of anaerobic digester (AD) centrate and food wastewater at a volume ratio of 3:1. More than 60% of ammonia nitrogen was recovered with energy consumption of 2.7 kWh kg-1 N. The catholyte of the MES, which contained the recovered ammonia, was used to prepare fertilizers to support the growth of a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. It was observed that A. thaliana grown on the MES generated fertilizer amended with extra potassium, phosphorus, and trace elements showed comparable sizes and an even lower death rate (0%) than the control group (24%) that was added with a commercial fertilizer. RNA-Seq analyses were used to examine A. thaliana genetic responses to the MES generated fertilizers or the commercial counterpart. The comparative study offered metabolic insights into A. thaliana physiologies subject to the recovered nitrogen fertilizers. The results of this study have demonstrated the potential application of using the recovered ammonia from AD centrate as a nitrogen source in fertilizer and identified the necessity of supplementing other nutrient elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubin Liu
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Worland
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Yinjie Tang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America
| | - Hanan Moustafa
- Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | | | - Zhen He
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States of America.
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13
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Technologies for Biological and Bioelectrochemical Removal of Inorganic Nitrogen from Wastewater: A Review. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water contamination due to various nitrogenous pollutants generated from wastewater treatment plants is a crucial and ubiquitous environmental problem now-a-days. Nitrogen contaminated water has manifold detrimental effects on human health as well as aquatic life. Consequently, various biological treatment processes are employed to transform the undesirable forms of nitrogen in wastewater to safer ones for subsequent discharge. In this review, an overview of various conventional biological treatment processes (viz. nitrification, denitrification, and anammox) have been presented along with recent novel bioelectrochemical methods (viz. microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells). Additionally, nitrogen is an indispensable nutrient necessary to produce artificial fertilizers by fixing dinitrogen gas from the atmosphere. Thus, this study also explored the potential capability of various nitrogen recovery processes from wastewater (like microalgae, cyanobacteria, struvite precipitation, stripping, and zeolites) that are used in industries. Further, the trade-offs, challenges posed by these processes have been dwelt on along with other biological processes like CANON, SHARON, OLAND, and others.
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14
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He L, Lin Z, Zhu K, Wang Y, He X, Zhou J. Mesophilic condition favors simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) and anammox for carbon and nitrogen removal from anaerobic digestate food waste effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151498. [PMID: 34752875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three simultaneous partial nitrification and denitrification (SPND) bioreactors were established on ambient (30 °C), mesophilic (40 °C) and thermophilic condition (50 °C) at high dissolved oxygen levels (2-7 mg L-1) to remove nitrogen and carbon from anaerobic digestate food waste effluent (ADFE). The bioreactor performed best under mesophilic condition, with TN and COD removal efficiency of 96.3 ± 0.1% and 91.7 ± 0.1%, respectively. Free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) alternately ensured selective inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in long-term operation of SPND systems. Candidatus Brocadia, known as anammox bacteria, was observed unexpectedly in the bioreactors. The analysis of microbial community and metabolic pathways revealed that mesophilic strategy stimulated SPND and anammox process. Mesophilic condition helped autotropic microbes resist the competitive pressure from heterotrophic bacteria, improving the balance between nitrifiers, anammox bacteria and other co-existing heterotrophs. Overall, this study offers new insights into the linkage among temperature, pollutant removals (carbon and nitrogen) and metabolic potential in the SPND bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yingmu Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xuejie He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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15
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Integrating Pyrolysis or Combustion with Scrubbing to Maximize the Nutrient and Energy Recovery from Municipal Sewage Sludge. RECYCLING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling6030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on mass and energy balance calculations, this work investigates the possibility of recovering heat and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from municipal sewage sludge using pyrolysis or combustion in combination with a gas scrubbing technology. Considering a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with 65,000 t/a of mechanically dewatered digestate (29% total solids), 550 t/a nitrogen and 500 t/a phosphorus were recovered from the 4900 t/a total nitrogen and 600 t/a total phosphorus that entered the WWTP. Overall, 3600 t/a (73%) of total nitrogen was lost to the air (as N2) and clean water, while 90 t/a (15%) of total phosphorus was lost to clean water released by the WWTP. Both in combustion and in pyrolysis, the nitrogen (3%) released within thermal drying fumes was recovered through condensate stripping and subsequent gas scrubbing, and together with the recovery of nitrogen from WWTP reject water, a total of 3500 t/a of ammonium sulfate fertilizer can be produced. Furthermore, 120 GWh/a of district heat and 9700 t/a of ash with 500 t/a phosphorus were obtained in the combustion scenario and 12,000 t/a of biochar with 500 t/a phosphorus was obtained in the pyrolysis scenario. The addition of a stripper and a scrubber for nitrogen recovery increases the total electricity consumption in both scenarios. According to an approximate cost estimation, combustion and pyrolysis require annual investment costs of 2–4 M EUR/a and 2–3 M EUR/a, respectively, while 3–5 M EUR/a and 3–3.5 M EUR/a will be generated as revenues from the products.
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16
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Salimi S, Scholz M. Impact of future climate scenarios on peatland and constructed wetland water quality: A mesocosm experiment within climate chambers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112459. [PMID: 33799066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water purification is one of the most essential services provided by wetlands. A lot of concerns regarding wetlands subjected to climate change relate to their susceptibility to hydrological change and the increase in temperature as a result of global warming. A warmer condition may accelerate the rate of decomposition and release of nutrients, which can be exported downstream and cause serious ecological challenges; e.g., eutrophication and acidification. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of climate change on water quality in peatland and constructed wetland ecosystems subject to water level management. For this purpose, the authors simulated the current climate scenario base on the database from Malmö station (Scania, Sweden) for 2016 and 2017 as well as the future climate scenarios for the last 30 years of the century based on the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) and different regional climate models (RCM) for a region wider than Scania County. For future climate change, the authors simulated low (RCP 2.6), moderate (RCP 4.5) and extreme (RCP 8.5) climate scenarios. All simulations were conducted within climate chambers for experimental peatland and constructed wetland mesocosms. Our results demonstrate that the effect of climate scenario is significantly different for peatlands and constructed wetlands (interactive effect) for the combined chemical variables. The warmest climate scenario RCP 8.5 is linked to a higher water purification function for constructed wetlands, but to a lower water purification function and a subsequent deterioration of peatland water qualities, even if subjected to water level management. The explanation for the different response of constructed wetlands and peatlands to climate change could be due to the fact that the substrate in the constructed wetland mesocosms and peatlands was different in terms of the organic matter quality and quantity. The utilization of nutrients by the plants and microbial community readily exceed the mineralization under a limited nutrient content (as we had in constructed wetland) when the temperature rises. However, concerning the extreme scenario RCP 8.5, the peatlands have shown a tendency to have reverse processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Salimi
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden; Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Town Planning, Engineering Networks and Systems, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation.
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17
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Chen CY, Wang SW, Kim H, Pan SY, Fan C, Lin YJ. Non-conventional water reuse in agriculture: A circular water economy. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117193. [PMID: 33971532 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the growing and diverse demands on water supply, exploitation of non-conventional sources of water has received much attention. Since water consumption for irrigation is the major contributor to total water withdrawal, the utilization of non-conventional sources of water for the purpose of irrigation is critical to assuring the sustainability of water resources. Although numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate and manage non-conventional water sources, little research has reviewed the suitability of available water technologies for improving water quality, so that water reclaimed from non-conventional supplies could be an alternative water resource for irrigation. This article provides a systematic overview of all aspects of regulation, technology and management to enable the innovative technology, thereby promoting and facilitating the reuse of non-conventional water. The study first reviews the requirements for water quantity and quality (i.e., physical, chemical, and biological parameters) for agricultural irrigation. Five candidate sources of non-conventional water were evaluated in terms of quantity and quality, namely rainfall/stormwater runoff, industrial cooling water, hydraulic fracturing wastewater, process wastewater, and domestic sewage. Water quality issues, such as suspended solids, biochemical/chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total nitrogen, bacteria, and emerging contaminates, were assessed. Available technologies for improving the quality of non-conventional water were comprehensively investigated. The potential risks to plants, human health, and the environment posed by non-conventional water reuse for irrigation are also discussed. Lastly, three priority research directions, including efficient collection of non-conventional water, design of fit-for-purpose treatment, and deployment of energy-efficient processes, were proposed to provide guidance on the potential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yang Chen
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Sheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 90 Jeonnong-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504 South Korea
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Chihhao Fan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
| | - Yupo J Lin
- Applied Material Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439, United States
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18
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Zecchin S, Crognale S, Zaccheo P, Fazi S, Amalfitano S, Casentini B, Callegari M, Zanchi R, Sacchi GA, Rossetti S, Cavalca L. Adaptation of Microbial Communities to Environmental Arsenic and Selection of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria From Contaminated Groundwaters. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:634025. [PMID: 33815317 PMCID: PMC8017173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.634025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic mobilization in groundwater systems is driven by a variety of functionally diverse microorganisms and complex interconnections between different physicochemical factors. In order to unravel this great ecosystem complexity, groundwaters with varying background concentrations and speciation of arsenic were considered in the Po Plain (Northern Italy), one of the most populated areas in Europe affected by metalloid contamination. High-throughput Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing, CARD-FISH and enrichment of arsenic-transforming consortia showed that among the analyzed groundwaters, diverse microbial communities were present, both in terms of diversity and functionality. Oxidized inorganic arsenic [arsenite, As(III)] was the main driver that shaped each community. Several uncharacterized members of the genus Pseudomonas, putatively involved in metalloid transformation, were revealed in situ in the most contaminated samples. With a cultivation approach, arsenic metabolisms potentially active at the site were evidenced. In chemolithoautotrophic conditions, As(III) oxidation rate linearly correlated to As(III) concentration measured at the parental sites, suggesting that local As(III) concentration was a relevant factor that selected for As(III)-oxidizing bacterial populations. In view of the exploitation of these As(III)-oxidizing consortia in biotechnology-based arsenic bioremediation actions, these results suggest that contaminated aquifers in Northern Italy host unexplored microbial populations that provide essential ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zecchin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Crognale
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zaccheo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Fazi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Amalfitano
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Casentini
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Callegari
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Attilio Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali-Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Rossetti
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Cavalca
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Rampuria A, Kulshreshtha NM, Gupta A, Brighu U. Novel microbial nitrogen transformation processes in constructed wetlands treating municipal sewage: a mini-review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:40. [PMID: 33544217 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03001-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally nitrogen transformation in constructed wetlands (CWs) has been attributed to the activities of aerobic autotrophic nitrifiers followed by anoxic heterotrophic denitrifiers. However, the nitrogen balances in such systems are far from being explained as a large fraction of the losses remain unaccounted for. The classical nitrification-denitrification theory has been successfully employed in certain unit processes by culturing fast-growing bacteria, but the CWs offer an ideal environment for slow-growing bacteria that may be beneficially exploited to achieve enhanced nitrogen removal by manipulating the environmental conditions in their favor. In the last three decades, many novel microorganisms have been isolated from CWs that have led to the discovery of some other routes that have made researchers believe could play a significant role in nitrogen transformation processes. The increased understanding of novel discerned pathways like anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX), heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification, which are mediated by specialized bacteria has indicated that these microorganisms could be enriched by applying selection pressures within CWs for achieving high rates of nitrogen removal. Understanding these novel nitrogen transformation processes along with the associated microbial population can provide new dimensions to the design of CWs for enhanced nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Rampuria
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
| | | | | | - Urmila Brighu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
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20
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Chen X, Wang X, Zhong Z, Deng C, Chen Z, Chen X. Biological nitrogen removal via combined processes of denitrification, highly efficient partial nitritation and Anammox from mature landfill leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29408-29421. [PMID: 32440874 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The combined processes of pre-denitrification, highly efficient partial nitritation and Anammox were developed to treat mature landfill leachate. In the partial nitritation stage, an outstanding nitrite production rate (NPR) of approximately 1.506 kg·(m3 day)-1 of mature landfill leachate was achieved in a zeolite biological aerated filter (ZBAF) due to the inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) by free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA). With respect to the nitrogen removal performance of the combined process, remarkable nitrogen removal efficiencies (NRE) and nitrogen removal rates (NRR), which exceeded 90.0% and 0.490 kg·(m3 day)-1, respectively, were detected based on the stable and efficient partial nitritation performance and reasonable control of effluent nitrite to ammonium ratios (at approximately 1.2) in the ZBAF. High-throughput sequencing analysis further revealed that the dominant bacteria genera Paracoccus and Comamonas in the denitrification reactor, Nitrosomonas in the ZBAF and Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Anammoxoglobus in the Anammox reactor were demonstrated to be responsible for denitrification, partial nitritation and Anammox process, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Hua An Biotech Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528300, China.
| | - Zhong Zhong
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuilan Deng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Hua An Biotech Co., Ltd., Foshan, 528300, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaokun Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Chen C, Wen J, Zhang M, Adams M, Ma J, Zhu G. Using pH as a single indicator for evaluating/controlling nitritation systems under influence of major operational parameters. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:587-602. [PMID: 32960802 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on using pH as a single indicator to evaluate/control the performance of the nitritation system under the influence of three major operational parameters, and a total of fifteen batch tests were conducted. Results indicated that there were important interactions among different operational parameters and pH in the nitritation system; it was possible to propose the optimal nitritation operation scheme to compensate for negative changes in operational parameters. The optimal carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio was kept at 2.0 to ensure efficient removal of ammonium. The reaction time was the lowest (150 min) with the temperature = 20 °C, C/N = 0, and sludge/water ratio = 1:1. However, the C/N ratio could be adjusted to close to zero by reducing the temperature to about 10 °C, weakening the heterotrophic bacteria, and supplying sufficient biomass. The C/N ratio and sludge/water ratio could also be set at 4.0 and 1:3 respectively to deal with the impact of low temperature and organic matter. Results of this study might be useful to explain the optimal conditions and process control schemes with pH as a single indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China E-mail: ; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215009, China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; Jiangsu Sujing Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215122, China; Contributed equally to this paper
| | - Jingyu Wen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China E-mail: ; Contributed equally to this paper
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China E-mail:
| | - Mabruk Adams
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China E-mail:
| | - Ji Ma
- Jiangsu Sujing Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215122, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Jiangsu Sujing Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215122, China
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22
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Rodziewicz J, Mielcarek A, Janczukowicz W, Ostrowska K, Jóźwiakowski K, Bugajski P, Jucherski A. Biofilter with innovative filling for low-temperature treatment of sewage from de-icing airport runways. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Rahimi S, Modin O, Mijakovic I. Technologies for biological removal and recovery of nitrogen from wastewater. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107570. [PMID: 32531318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Water contamination is a growing environmental issue. Several harmful effects on human health and the environment are attributed to nitrogen contamination of water sources. Consequently, many countries have strict regulations on nitrogen compound concentrations in wastewater effluents. Wastewater treatment is carried out using energy- and cost-intensive biological processes, which convert nitrogen compounds into innocuous dinitrogen gas. On the other hand, nitrogen is also an essential nutrient. Artificial fertilizers are produced by fixing dinitrogen gas from the atmosphere, in an energy-intensive chemical process. Ideally, we should be able to spend less energy and chemicals to remove nitrogen from wastewater and instead recover a fraction of it for use in fertilizers and similar applications. In this review, we present an overview of various technologies of biological nitrogen removal including nitrification, denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), as well as bioelectrochemical systems and microalgal growth for nitrogen recovery. We highlighted the nitrogen removal efficiency of these systems at different temperatures and operating conditions. The advantages, practical challenges, and potential for nitrogen recovery of different treatment methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Rahimi
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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Leyva‐Díaz JC, Muñío MDM, Fenice M, Poyatos JM. Respirometric method for kinetic modeling of ammonium‐oxidizing and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria in a membrane bioreactor. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimiliano Fenice
- Department of Ecological and Biological SciencesUniversity of Tuscia Viterbo Italy
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Yang Y, Xiao C, Lu J, Zhang Y. Fe(III)/Fe(II) forwarding a new anammox-like process to remove high-concentration ammonium using nitrate as terminal electron acceptor. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 172:115528. [PMID: 32004914 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study demonstrated a novel anammox-like process to remove high-concentration ammonium using nitrate as terminal electron acceptor under Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle. Compared with NO2- in common anammox, NO3- used here is more available in practice, suitable for in-situ removal of high-concentration NH4+ in a single anaerobic system. The NOx- and Fe(II) produced from Feammox [Fe(III) reduction coupled to anaerobic ammonium oxidation] subsequently react together via NOx--dependent Fe(II) oxidation to regenerate Fe(III) that potentially stimulates next round of Feammox. However, these processes couldn't be lasting due to inadequate Fe(III) regeneration because NOx- is non-dominant product during Feammox. In this study NO3- was added to supplement the insufficient NOx- to enhance Fe(III) regeneration and remove nitrogen successively. Results showed that periodically adding nitrate caused oscillations between Fe(III) and Fe(II) in the sludge, implying Fe(III) regeneration and consumption. Consequently, nitrogen removal of the digester with an initial total nitrogen of 1036.7 mg/L reached 90.1% after 98-day operation, much higher than that of control (41.6%) without NO3- addition. Adding NO3- in the digester to trigger Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle for removing ammonium is just equivalent to an anammox-like process using NO3- as terminal electron acceptor to oxidize NH4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Cancan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yaobin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Chen Z, Zheng X, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang L, Chen H. Nitrite accumulation stability evaluation for low-strength ammonium wastewater by adsorption and biological desorption of zeolite under different operational temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135260. [PMID: 31780159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
How to achieve stable nitrite accumulation was still a huge challenge for low-carbon and energy-saving biological nitrogen removal of low-strength ammonium wastewater. This study proposed a new way to solve this problem with zeolite biological fixed bed (ZBFB) by cycle operation of adsorption and biological desorption. In order to evaluate nitritation performance of this reactor, the influence of operational temperature on nitrite accumulation stability was investigated by 126 cycles operation in four parallel ZBFB reactors for low-strength ammonium wastewater (50 mg/L NH4+-N). It was found that higher operational temperature (i.e., 36.0 °C), rather than other temperature (i.e., 27.0 °C, 30.0 °C, 33.0 °C), could maintain stable nitrite accumulation with nitrite production rate of 0.312 kg NO2--N·m-3 zeolite·day-1 and nitrite accumulation ratio higher than 95.0% after biological desorption. High-throughput sequencing analysis results showed that bacterial structure significantly changed in ZBFB under different operational temperature, and obvious enrichment of genus Nitrosomonas (AOB) and gradually enhanced free ammonia (FA) inhibition on genus Nitrospira and Nitrobacter (NOB) were found by elevation of operational temperature, leading to different nitrite accumulation performance in ZBFB reactors. The mechanism for stable nitrite accumulation performance by ZBFB might be attributed to overwhelming growth rate of AOB than NOB, faster ammonium desorption and enhanced FA inhibition on NOB under operational temperature (i.e., 36.0 °C). All in all, keeping high temperature for biological desorption step should be extremely crucial for stable nitrite accumulation by ZBFB, which could facilitate further low-carbon and energy-saving biological nitrogen removal for low-strength ammonium wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Hua An Biotech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528300, China
| | - Xuwen Zheng
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Hua An Biotech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528300, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Haochuan Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Hua An Biotech Co., Ltd., Foshan 528300, China
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Hooper J, Funk D, Bell K, Noibi M, Vickstrom K, Schulz C, Machek E, Huang CH. Pilot testing of direct and indirect potable water reuse using multi-stage ozone-biofiltration without reverse osmosis. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115178. [PMID: 31670085 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pilot testing of direct potable reuse (DPR) using multi-stage ozone and biological filtration as an alternative treatment train without reverse osmosis (RO) was investigated. This study examined four blending ratios of advanced treated reclaimed water from the F. Wayne Hill Water Resources Center (FWH WRC) in Gwinnett County, Georgia, combined with the existing drinking water treatment plant raw water supply, Lake Lanier, for potable water production. Baseline testing with 100 percent (%) Lake Lanier water was initially conducted; followed by testing blends of 15, 25, 50, and 100% reclaimed water from FWH WRC. Finished water quality from the DPR pilot was compared to drinking water standards, and emerging microbial and chemical contaminants were also evaluated. Results were benchmarked against a parallel indirect potable reuse (IPR) pilot receiving 100% of the raw water from Lake Lanier. Finished water quality from the DPR pilot at the 15% blend complied with the United States primary and secondary maximum contaminant levels (MCLs and SMCLs, respectively). However, exceedances of one or more MCLs or SMCLs were observed at higher blends. Importantly, reclaimed water from FWH WRC was of equal or better quality for all microbiological targets tested compared to Lake Lanier, indicating that a DPR scenario could lower acute risks from microbial pathogens compared to current practices. Finished water from the DPR pilot had no detections of microorganisms, even at the 100% FWH WRC effluent blend. Microbiological targets tested included heterotrophic plate counts, total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, somatic and male-specific coliphage, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococci, Legionella, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia. There were water quality challenges, primarily associated with nitrate originating from incomplete denitrification and bromate formation from ozonation at the FWH WRC. These challenges highlight the importance of upstream process monitoring and control at the advanced wastewater treatment facility if DPR is considered. This research demonstrated that ozone with biological filtration could achieve potable water quality criteria, without the use of RO, in cases where nitrate is below the MCL of 10 mg nitrogen per liter and total dissolved solids are below the SMCL of 500 mg per liter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hooper
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way Suite 100, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA.
| | - Denise Funk
- Gwinnett County Department of Water Resources, 684 Winder Highway, Lawrenceville, GA, 30045, USA
| | - Kati Bell
- Brown & Caldwell, 220 Athens Way #500, Nashville, TN, 37228, USA
| | - Morayo Noibi
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way Suite 100, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Kyle Vickstrom
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way Suite 100, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Chris Schulz
- CDM Smith, 14432 SE Eastgate Way Suite 100, Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Eddie Machek
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ching-Hua Huang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 200 Bobby Dodd Way, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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28
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Duan Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhu W, Hao M, Ma S. Start-up and operational performance of the partial nitrification process in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) coupled with a micro-aeration system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 296:122311. [PMID: 31678708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitrification (PN) of ammonia to nitrite is investigated in a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) coupled with both a microporous aeration system and a mechanical agitation system at a moderate temperature of (27 ± 1 °C). The SBR has a high actual oxygen transfer efficiency (AOTE) of 2.0% and dynamical efficiency (DE) of 20.0%. Alkalinity consumption declined with the decreasing ratios of HCO3- to NH4+-N in the influent from 2.57, 1.96, 1.91 to 1.66, while the pH of the effluent is constantly maintained at 7.5 ± 0.1. The SBR is successfully operated for 195 days at a nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of up to 2.82 kg·m-3.d-1, achieving a nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) of over 90%. The high-throughput sequencing shows that the ratio of Nitrosomonas, the dominant species, is up to 29.83%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030024, China.
| | - Yusheng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030024, China
| | - Mingmei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030024, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030024, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030024, China
| | - Mengya Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030024, China
| | - Shuya Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030024, China
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29
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Ahmed W, Tian X, Delatolla R. Nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor: Performance at low temperatures and response to cold-shock. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:295-302. [PMID: 31078886 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In contrast with suspended growth systems, attached growth technologies such as the moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) have recently demonstrated significant nitrification rates at temperatures as low as 1 °C. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of the nitrifying MBBR system at elevated municipal concentrations with exposures to low temperatures and cold-shock conditions down to 1 °C using an enhanced temperature-controlled room. A removal rate of 98.44 ± 4.69 gN·m-3·d-1 was identified as the intrinsic rate of nitrifying MBBR systems at 1 °C and was proposed as the conservative rate for low temperature design. A temperature threshold at which attached growth nitrification displayed a significant decrease in kinetics was identified between 2 °C and 4 °C. Arrhenius correction coefficients of 1.086 and 1.09 previously applied for low temperature nitrifying MBBR systems resulted in conservative modeled removal rates on average 21% lower than the measured rates. Thus, an Arrhenius correction coefficient of 1.049 is proposed between the temperatures of 10 °C and 4 °C and another correction coefficient of 1.149 to model rates at 1 °C. For the transition from 4 °C to 1 °C, the adjustment of a previously reported Theta model is proposed in this study to account for exposure time at low temperatures; with the modified model showing strong correlation with measured rates (R2 = 0.88). Finally, a comparison of nitrification kinetics between MBBR systems acclimatized to 1 °C and systems that are cold-shocked to 1 °C demonstrated that shocked removal rates are 21% lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warsama Ahmed
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Robert Delatolla
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, 161 Louis Pasteur, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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30
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Kraiem K, Kallali H, Wahab MA, Fra-Vazquez A, Mosquera-Corral A, Jedidi N. Comparative study on pilots between ANAMMOX favored conditions in a partially saturated vertical flow constructed wetland and a hybrid system for rural wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:644-653. [PMID: 30909042 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the nitrogen removal in a single stage rural wastewater treatment system. It was a modified subsurface vertical flow (SSVF) constructed wetland. The so-called Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation(ANAMMOX) process is favored by imposing a saturated zone at the bottom of the basin. The nitrogen removal performances of this modified SSVF were compared to those of a conventional hybrid system where the well-known nitrification-denitrification process is performed. This study was carried out using three lab-scale pilots of constructed wetlands during four months: (1) a hybrid constructed wetlands with a reed-Phragmites australis SSVF bed in serial with a cattail-Typha angustofolia SSHF bed (SSVFp + SSHF). (2) A reed-Phragmites australis SSVF bed partially saturated at 40% of its depth (SSVFPS); (3) A cattail-Typha angustofolia SSVF bed partially saturated at 40% of its depth (SSVFTS). The results showed that the three configurations used in this study were efficient for most of the pollutants reduction. In fact, single-stage reactors have achieved similar chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in comparison to the two-stage reactor independently of the macrophytes species. However, for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), a slightly higher nitrogen removal efficiency was recorded for (SSVF p + SSHF) with an average removal rate of 53% versus 48% and 51% for SSVF PS and SSVFTS respectively. These findings were highlighted with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, which demonstrated the presence of major differences in the community composition and abundance of the bacteria involved with denitrification and nitrification in the three systems. In fact, SSVFP of the hybrid system was characterized by highest relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria (13% Nitrosomonas, 11% Nitrosospira, 14% Nitrospira and 10% Nitrobacter). While, the SSHF of hybrid system had larger number of denitrifying species than SSVF, with relative abundances of pseudomonas (3%), Paracoccus (9%), Zoogloea (6%), Thauera (4%), Thiobacillus (2%) and Aeromonas (1%). Interestingly, in the SSVFST (planted with Thypha angustofolia) where the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria was very low (4% Nitrosomonas, 4% Nitrosospira, 4% Nitrospira and 1% Nitrobacter), we have detected the presence of ANAMMOX bacteria (3%). Accordingly SSVFST in the presence of Thypha angustofolia have favored the development of ANAMMOX activity in comparison to the other configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Kraiem
- Effluent Treatment and Valorization Laboratory (ETVL), Water Research and Technology Center (WATREC), Carthage University, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO-box N°273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, B.P. no. 94 - ROMMANA, Tunis 1068, Tunisia.
| | - Hamadi Kallali
- Effluent Treatment and Valorization Laboratory (ETVL), Water Research and Technology Center (WATREC), Carthage University, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO-box N°273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ali Wahab
- Effluent Treatment and Valorization Laboratory (ETVL), Water Research and Technology Center (WATREC), Carthage University, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO-box N°273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Fra-Vazquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technological Research, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anukha Mosquera-Corral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technological Research, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Naceur Jedidi
- Effluent Treatment and Valorization Laboratory (ETVL), Water Research and Technology Center (WATREC), Carthage University, Technopark Tourist Route of Soliman Nabeul, PO-box N°273-8020, Soliman, Tunisia
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31
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Nitrogen Removal by Co-Immobilized Anammox and Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9060523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In wastewater treatment, an alternative to the widely used aerobic nitrification with subsequent anoxic denitrification method is the combination of nitration and anammox (AMX) in one system. This study focuses on the co-immobilization of AMX and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, and its effective use in nitrogen removal (NR). The NR process was performed in nine consecutive, repeated batches. By optimizing the conditions of the biotransformations, there was equal utilization of nitrogen in both sources, N–NH4+ and N–NO2−, at 100% NR during the sixth repetition. A significant increase in the immobilized co-culture activity was also detected per cycle. The maximum value of the NR rate was 3.46 mg N (L h)−1, and 100% NR efficiency was achieved with an initial concentration of 100.3 mg N L−1 for N–NH4+ and 60.1 mg N L−1 for N–NO2−, during the eighth batch biotransformation.
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32
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Effectiveness of Nitrification and Denitrification Processes in Biofilters Treating Wastewater from De-Icing Airport Runways. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The basic factors determining the efficiency of the removal of nitrogen and carbon compounds from airport wastewater containing de-icing agents are low temperature and the C/N ratio (carbon to nitrogen ratio). Biofilm reactors (biofilters) create better conditions for nitrification and denitrification than suspended biomass reactors. The scope of the study included determination of the influence of the C/N ratio in the wastewater on nitrification, denitrification and organic compound removal in biofilm reactors depending on the temperature. The experiment was performed in 24 circular laboratory biofilters with LECA (Light Expanded Clay Aggregates) filling. The study was divided into three series differing in organic carbon loading. In each series, carried out at the same hydraulic retention time, biofilters were operated at 25, 8, 4 or 0 °C. The study showed the effective removal of nitrogen compounds across a very wide temperature range. The applied filling and properly selected operating parameters of the reactors resulted in effective simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The highest efficiency of nitrogen removal at 0 °C (34.57 ± 4.54%) was obtained at the C/N ratio of 0.5 gC/gN. The efficiency of denitrification (the lowest at the temperature of 0 °C) increased as the temperature and C/N ratio increased in the wastewater.
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33
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The Oxygen Transfer Capacity of Submerged Plant Elodea densa in Wastewater Constructed Wetlands. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are insufficient data for the development of process design criteria for constructed wetlands systems based on submerged plants as a major treatment agent. The aim of the study was to evaluate the oxygen transfer capacity (OTC) of E. densa, in relation to wet plants’ mass (w.m.), and the influence of E. densa on the oxygen concentration and contaminants’ removal efficiency from municipal wastewater. The obtained oxygen concentration and temperature data allowed to calculate the OTC values (mg O2·L−1·h−1), which had been related to wet plants’ mass unit (mg O2·L−1·h−1·g w.m.−1). The efficiency of wastewater treatment was determined in relation to initial wastewater content in the mixture of wastewater and tap water (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) during 3 days of the experiment duration. The simulation of day and night conditions was done by artificial lighting. Before and after finishing the second experiment, the COD, Ntotal, and P-PO4 concentration were analyzed in wastewater solutions. The OTC ranged from 3.19 to 8.34 (mgO2·L−1·h−1·g w.m.−1), and the increase of OTC value was related to the increase of wet plant’s mass. The research showed that E. densa affected positively on the wastewater treatment efficiency, and the highest efficiency was achieved in 25% wastewater solution: 43.6% for COD, 52.9% for Ntotal, 14.9% for P-PO4.
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34
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Yan L, Liu S, Liu Q, Zhang M, Liu Y, Wen Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Yang Q. Improved performance of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite in an oxygen-limited SBR by alternating the DO. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 275:153-162. [PMID: 30583116 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via nitrite was investigated by alternating the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in a sequencing batch reactor with the DO-control area and the non-control area. In addition, bacterial communities and their metabolic functions were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology and phylogenetic investigation of the communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt). The removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and total nitrogen via the nitrite pathway were 97.91 ± 2.04% and 72.28 ± 2.23%, respectively, by maintaining low DO levels (0.7 ± 0.1 mg/L) in the DO-control area. PICRUSt analysis showed that the metabolic potential of the bacterial community for amino acids, nucleotides, coenzymes and inorganic ions decreased, while the relative abundance of key enzymes involved in nitrification and denitrification, and the relative population of denitrifying bacteria increased when the DO decreased from 1.2 ± 0.2 mg/L to 0.7 ± 0.1 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Yan
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Monitoring Station of Environmental Protection in Taian City, Taian 271000, China
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35
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Microbial Community Succession and Nutrient Cycling Responses following Perturbations of Experimental Saltwater Aquaria. mSphere 2019; 4:4/1/e00043-19. [PMID: 30787117 PMCID: PMC6382968 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00043-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Saltwater aquaria are living systems that support a complex biological community of fish, invertebrates, and microbes. The health and maintenance of saltwater tanks are pressing concerns for home hobbyists, zoos, and professionals in the aquarium trade; however, we do not yet understand the underlying microbial species interactions and community dynamics which contribute to tank setup and conditioning. This report provides a detailed view of ecological succession and changes in microbial community assemblages in two saltwater aquaria which were sampled over a 3-month period, from initial tank setup and conditioning with “live rocks” through subsequent tank cleanings and water replacement. Our results showed that microbial succession appeared to be consistent and replicable across both aquaria. However, changes in microbial communities did not always correlate with water chemistry measurements, and aquarium microbial communities appear to have shifted among multiple stable states without any obvious buildup of undesirable nitrogen compounds in the tank environment. Although aquaria are common features of homes and other buildings, little is known about how environmental perturbations (i.e., tank cleaning, water changes, addition of habitat features) impact the diversity and succession of aquarium microbial communities. In this study, we sought to evaluate the hypotheses that newly established aquaria show clear microbial successional patterns over time and that common marine aquarium-conditioning practices, such as the addition of ocean-derived “live rocks” (defined as any “dead coral skeleton covered with crustose coralline algae” transferred into an aquarium from open ocean habitats) impact the diversity of microbial populations as well as nitrogen cycling in aquaria. We collected water chemistry data alongside water and sediment samples from two independent and newly established saltwater aquaria over a 3-month period. Microbial communities in samples were assessed by DNA extraction, amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Our results showed clear and replicable patterns of community succession in both aquaria, with the existence of multiple stable states for aquarium microbial assemblages. Notably, our results show that changes in aquarium microbial communities do not always correlate with water chemistry measurements and that operational taxonomic unit (OTU)-level patterns relevant to nitrogen cycling were not reported as statistically significant. Overall, our results demonstrate that aquarium perturbations have a substantial impact on microbial community profiles of aquarium water and sediment and that the addition of live rocks improves nutrient cycling by shifting aquarium communities toward a more typical saltwater assemblage of microbial taxa. IMPORTANCE Saltwater aquaria are living systems that support a complex biological community of fish, invertebrates, and microbes. The health and maintenance of saltwater tanks are pressing concerns for home hobbyists, zoos, and professionals in the aquarium trade; however, we do not yet understand the underlying microbial species interactions and community dynamics which contribute to tank setup and conditioning. This report provides a detailed view of ecological succession and changes in microbial community assemblages in two saltwater aquaria which were sampled over a 3-month period, from initial tank setup and conditioning with “live rocks” through subsequent tank cleanings and water replacement. Our results showed that microbial succession appeared to be consistent and replicable across both aquaria. However, changes in microbial communities did not always correlate with water chemistry measurements, and aquarium microbial communities appear to have shifted among multiple stable states without any obvious buildup of undesirable nitrogen compounds in the tank environment.
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Dai F, De Prá MC, Vanotti MB, Gilmore KR, Cumbie WE. Microbial characteristics of nitrifiers, denitrifiers and anammox bacteria on different support media to treat space mission wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 232:943-951. [PMID: 33395762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomass attachment and growth are important factors for the startup and stability of fixed-film biological reactors being proposed to recycle wastewater for potable water use in manned space activity. Eight different biofilm support media commonly used in wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture, and aquariums were compared for their relative ability to support attachment and growth of nitrifiers, denitrifiers, and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing (anammox) bacteria biomass. Accumulated total biomass was determined by comparing dry weight of each media before and after culturing of biomass. Fluorescence In-Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis was used to quantify the proportion and relative activity of each organism group on each media. Measurements of dry biomass normalized to several media properties showed polyether polyurethane foam to have the highest extent of specific biomass attachment and colonization. Six of the eight media were able to sustain a population of anammox bacteria that was more abundant than the other cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Dai
- Pancopia, Inc., 1100 Exploration Way, Suite 302Q, Hampton, VA 23666, USA.
| | - Marina Celant De Prá
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, Dois Vizinhos, 85660-000, PR, Brazil.
| | - Matias B Vanotti
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA.
| | - Kevin R Gilmore
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bucknell University, 701 Moore Ave., Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA.
| | - William E Cumbie
- Pancopia, Inc., 1100 Exploration Way, Suite 302Q, Hampton, VA 23666, USA.
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Beach NK, Noguera DR. Design and Assessment of Species-Level qPCR Primers Targeting Comammox. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:36. [PMID: 30766515 PMCID: PMC6365651 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Published PCR primers targeting the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) were applied to samples from activated sludge systems operated with low dissolved oxygen (DO) to quantify total and clade-level Nitrospira that perform complete ammonium oxidation (comammox); however, we found these existing primers resulted in significant artifact-associated non-target amplification. This not only overestimated comammox amoA copies but also resulted in numerous false positive detections in the environmental samples tested, as confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Therefore, instead of attempting to quantify comammox diversity, we focused on accurately quantifying the candidate comammox species. We designed specific and sensitive primers targeting 3 candidate species: Candidatus (Ca.) Nitrospira nitrosa, Ca. N. inopinata, and Ca. N. nitrificans. The primers were tested with amoA templates of these candidate species and used to quantify comammox at the species level in low DO activated sludge systems. We found that comammox related to Ca. N. nitrosa were present and abundant in the majority of samples from low DO bioreactors and were not detected in samples from a high DO system. In addition, the greatest abundance of Ca. N. nitrosa was found in bioreactors operated with a long solids retention time. Ca. N. inopinata and Ca. N. nitrificans were only detected sporadically in these samples, indicating a minor role of these comammox in nitrification under low DO conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel R. Noguera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Underlying mechanisms of ANAMMOX bacteria adaptation to salinity stress. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:573-585. [PMID: 30690673 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dealing with nitrogen-rich saline wastewater produced by industries remains challenging because of the inhibition of functional microorganisms by high salinity. The underlying mechanisms of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) exposed to salinity stress should be studied to investigate the potential of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) for applications in such wastewater. In this study, the total DNA from granular sludge was extracted from an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor operated at 0, 15 and 30 g/L salinity and subjected to high-throughput sequencing. The nitrogen removal performance in the reactor could be maintained from 86.2 to 88.0% at less than 30 g/L salinity level. The microbial diversity in the reactor under saline conditions was lower than that under the salt-free condition. Three genera of AnAOB were detected in the reactor, and Candidatus Kuenenia was the most abundant. The predictive functional profiling based on the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COGs) database showed that the inhibition of AnAOB under saline conditions was mainly characterised by the weakening of energy metabolism and intracellular repair. AnAOB might adapt to salinity stress by increasing their rigidity and intracellular osmotic pressure. The predictive functional profiling based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database revealed that the inhibition of AnAOB was mainly manifested by the weakening of intracellular carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the blockage of intracellular energy supply and the reduction of membrane transport capacity. AnAOB might adapt to salinity stress by strengthening wall/membrane synthesis, essential cofactors (porphyrins) and energy productivity, enhancing intracellular material transformation and gene repair and changing its structure and group behaviour. The stability of the nitrogen removal performance could be maintained via the adaptation of AnAOB to salinity and their increased abundance.
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Nitrogen Recovery from Wastewater: Possibilities, Competition with Other Resources, and Adaptation Pathways. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10124605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to increased food production, the demand for nitrogen and phosphorus as fertilizers grows. Nitrogen-based fertilizers are produced with the Haber–Bosch process through the industrial fixation of N2 into ammonia. Through wastewater treatment, the nitrogen is finally released back to the atmosphere as N2 gas. This nitrogen cycle is characterized by drawbacks. The energy requirement is high, and in the wastewater treatment, nitrogen is mainly converted to N2 gas and lost to the atmosphere. In this study, technologies for nitrogen recovery from wastewater were selected based on four criteria: sustainability (energy use and N2O emissions), the potential to recover nitrogen in an applicable form, the maturity of the technology, and the nitrogen concentration that can be handled by the technology. As in wastewater treatment, the focus is also on the recovery of other resources; the interactions of nitrogen recovery with biogas production, phosphorus recovery, and cellulose recovery were examined. The mutual interference of the several nitrogen recovery technologies was studied using adaptive policy making. The most promising mature technologies that can be incorporated into existing wastewater treatment plants include struvite precipitation, the treatment of digester reject water by air stripping, vacuum membrane filtration, hydrophobic membrane filtration, and treatment of air from thermal sludge drying, resulting respectively in 1.1%, 24%, 75%, 75%, and 2.1% nitrogen recovery for the specific case wastewater treatment plant Amsterdam-West. The effects on sustainability were limited. Higher nitrogen recovery (60%) could be realized by separate urine collection, but this requires a completely new infrastructure for wastewater collection and treatment. It was concluded that different technologies in parallel are required to reach sustainable solutions. Nitrogen recovery does not interfere with the recovery of the other resources. An adaptation pathways map is a good tool to take into account new developments, uncertainties, and different ambitions when choosing technologies for nitrogen recovery.
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Schoepp T, Bousek J, Beqaj A, Fiedler C, Wett B, Fuchs W, Ertl T, Weissenbacher N. Nitrous oxide emissions of a mesh separated single stage deammonification reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:2239-2246. [PMID: 30699075 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that partial nitrification by ANAMMOX has the potential to become one of the key processes in wastewater treatment. However, large greenhouse gas emissions have been panobserved in many cases. A novel mesh separated reactor, developed to allow continuous operation of deammonification at smaller scale without external biomass selection, was compared to a conventional single-chamber deammonification sequencing batch reactor (SBR), where both were equally-sized pilot-scale reactors. The mesh reactor consisted of an aerated and an anoxic zone separated by a mesh. The resulting differences in the structure of the microbial community were detected by next-generation sequencing. When both systems were operated in a sequencing batch mode, both systems had comparable nitrous oxide emission factors in the range of 4% to 5% of the influent nitrogen load. A significant decrease was observed after switching from sequencing batch mode to continuous operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schoepp
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Vienna, Austria E-mail:
| | - J Bousek
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Beqaj
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Vienna, Austria E-mail:
| | - C Fiedler
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Vienna, Austria E-mail:
| | - B Wett
- ARAconsult, Unterbergerstr. 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - W Fuchs
- Institute for Environmental Biotechnology, IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz Straße 20, 3430 Tulln, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Ertl
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Vienna, Austria E-mail:
| | - N Weissenbacher
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Vienna, Austria E-mail:
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Almuktar SAAAN, Abed SN, Scholz M. Wetlands for wastewater treatment and subsequent recycling of treated effluent: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23595-23623. [PMID: 29959736 PMCID: PMC6096557 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Due to water scarcity challenges around the world, it is essential to think about non-conventional water resources to address the increased demand in clean freshwater. Environmental and public health problems may result from insufficient provision of sanitation and wastewater disposal facilities. Because of this, wastewater treatment and recycling methods will be vital to provide sufficient freshwater in the coming decades, since water resources are limited and more than 70% of water are consumed for irrigation purposes. Therefore, the application of treated wastewater for agricultural irrigation has much potential, especially when incorporating the reuse of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous, which are essential for plant production. Among the current treatment technologies applied in urban wastewater reuse for irrigation, wetlands were concluded to be the one of the most suitable ones in terms of pollutant removal and have advantages due to both low maintenance costs and required energy. Wetland behavior and efficiency concerning wastewater treatment is mainly linked to macrophyte composition, substrate, hydrology, surface loading rate, influent feeding mode, microorganism availability, and temperature. Constructed wetlands are very effective in removing organics and suspended solids, whereas the removal of nitrogen is relatively low, but could be improved by using a combination of various types of constructed wetlands meeting the irrigation reuse standards. The removal of phosphorus is usually low, unless special media with high sorption capacity are used. Pathogen removal from wetland effluent to meet irrigation reuse standards is a challenge unless supplementary lagoons or hybrid wetland systems are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhad A A A N Almuktar
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Basrah, Al Basrah, Iraq
| | - Suhail N Abed
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Computing, Science and Engineering, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Salford, England, M5 4WT, UK.
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park, PO Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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Zhou X, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Full nitration-denitration versus partial nitration-denitration-anammox for treating high-strength ammonium-rich organic wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 261:379-384. [PMID: 29680704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the performance of full nitration-denitration (FND) and partial nitration-denitration-anammox (PNDA) in treating a synthetic wastewater with 300 mg/L NH4+-N and 600 mg/L COD. It was found that approximately 40% higher total nitrogen removal was achieved via PNDA than via FND. Meanwhile, high-throughput sequencing also revealed that aerobic heterotrophic bacteria were predominant in the FND process, while facultative and even anaerobic bacteria including anammox bacteria were dominant in PNDA process. Furthermore, the mass balance on nitrogen showed that 44% of nitrogen was removed by partial nitration-denitration, while 36% via nitritation-anammox pathway in the PNDA process, with the significant saving in aeration and demand of organic carbon source. Compared to the FND process, it is obvious that the PNDA process will offer a more cost-effective alternative with easy operation for treating ammonium-rich organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Xinai Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zeqian Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Innovation Center for Postgraduate Education in Municipal Engineering of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637819, Singapore; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
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Lima MX, Carvalho KQ, Passig FH, Borges AC, Filippe TC, Azevedo JCR, Nagalli A. Performance of different substrates in constructed wetlands planted with E. crassipes treating low-strength sewage under subtropical conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1365-1373. [PMID: 29554756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess removal potential of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total phosphorus (TP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in synthetic wastewater simulating low-strength sewage by sequencing-batch mode constructed wetlands (CWs). Six CWs with three substrates (gravel, light expanded clay and clay bricks) and one CW of each substrate was planted with E. crassipes to verify the feasibility of using a floating macrophyte in CWs and verify the best optimized substrate. Results showed that the presence of E. crassipes enhanced the removal of COD for systems with gravel, increasing the removal efficiency from 37% in the unplanted system (CWG-U) to 60% in the planted system (CWG-P). The vegetated CW with clay bricks (CWB-P) presented the best performance for both TKN and TAN removal, with maximum removal efficiencies of 68% and 35%, respectively. Phosphorus was observed to be efficiently removed in systems with clay bricks, both planted (CWB-U) and unplanted (CWB-P), with mean removal efficiencies of 82% and 87%, respectively, probably via adsorption. It was also observed that after 296days of operation, no desorption or increase on phosphorus in effluent samples were observed, thus indicating that the material was not yet saturated and phosphorus probably presents a strong binding to the media. ASA removal efficiency varied from 34% to 92% in CWs, probably due to plant uptake through roots and microbial biodegradation. Plant direct uptake varied from 4 to 74% of the total nitrogen and from 26 to 71% of the total phosphorus removed in CWG-P, CWC-P and CWB-P. E. crassipes was able to uptake up to 4.19g of phosphorus in CWC-P and 11.84g of nitrogen in CWB-P. The findings on this study suggest that E. crassipes could be used in CWs and clay bricks could significantly enhance phosphorus removal capacity in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M X Lima
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Civil Engineering Graduate Program, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - K Q Carvalho
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Civil Construction Academic Department, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - F H Passig
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Chemistry and Biology Academic Department, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - A C Borges
- Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Agricultural Engineering, PH Rolfs Ave s/n, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - T C Filippe
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Environmental Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J C R Azevedo
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Chemistry and Biology Academic Department, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - A Nagalli
- The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Civil Construction Academic Department, Deputado Heitor de Alencar Furtado St., 5000, Ecoville, 81280-340 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Pedrouso A, Aiartza I, Morales N, Vázquez-Padín JR, Rogalla F, Campos JL, Mosquera-Corral A, Val del Rio A. Pilot-scale ELAN ® process applied to treat primary settled urban wastewater at low temperature via partial nitritation-anammox processes. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Silva BG, Damianovic MHRZ, Foresti E. Effects of intermittent aeration periods on a structured-bed reactor continuously fed on the post-treatment of sewage anaerobic effluent. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:1115-1120. [PMID: 29679130 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1940-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes and remaining organic matter removal from anaerobic reactor effluent treating wastewater in a single reactor. A structured-bed reactor, with polyurethane foam as support media, was subjected to intermittent aeration and effluent recirculation. Aerated/non-aerated periods varied in the range of 2/1-1/3 h. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent remained between 26 and 42 mg L-1 throughout all the aeration conditions. Aeration periods of 1/2 h removed 80 and 26% of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen and Total Nitrogen, respectively. A low solid production was observed during the 300 days of operation, resulting in a solid retention time of 139 days. The results indicate that the non-aerated periods generated alkalinity that favored nitrification, maintaining low COD concentrations in the effluent. The structured bed reactor presented a low solid production and effluent loss below 20 mgSSV L-1, similar to concentrations obtained in secondary decanters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Garcia Silva
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil.
| | | | - Eugenio Foresti
- Biological Processes Laboratory, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
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Nomoto N, Ali M, Jayaswal K, Iguchi A, Hatamoto M, Okubo T, Takahashi M, Kubota K, Tagawa T, Uemura S, Yamaguchi T, Harada H. Characteristics of DO, organic matter, and ammonium profile for practical-scale DHS reactor under various organic load and temperature conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:907-916. [PMID: 28387149 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1316319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Profile analysis of the down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was conducted under various temperature and organic load conditions to understand the organic removal and nitrification process for sewage treatment. Under high organic load conditions (3.21-7.89 kg-COD m-3 day-1), dissolved oxygen (DO) on the upper layer of the reactor was affected by organic matter concentration and water temperature, and sometimes reaches around zero. Almost half of the CODCr was removed by the first layer, which could be attributed to the adsorption of organic matter on sponge media. After the first layer, organic removal proceeded along the first-order reaction equation from the second to the fourth layers. The ammoniacal nitrogen removal ratio decreased under high organic matter concentration (above 100 mg L-1) and low DO (less than 1 mg L-1) condition. Ammoniacal nitrogen removal proceeded via a zero-order reaction equation along the reactor height. In addition, the profile results of DO, CODCr, and NH3-N were different in the horizontal direction. Thus, it is thought the concentration of these items and microbial activities were not in a uniform state even in the same sponge layer of the DHS reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nomoto
- a Department of Energy and Environment Science , Nagaoka University of Technology , Niigata , Japan
| | - Muntjeer Ali
- b New Industry Creation Hatchery Center , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Komal Jayaswal
- c Department of Civil Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , India
| | - Akinori Iguchi
- d Faculty of Applied Life Sciences , Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences , Niigata , Japan
| | - Masashi Hatamoto
- e Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Niigata , Japan
| | - Tsutomu Okubo
- f Department of Civil Engineering , National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College , Kisarazu , Japan
| | - Masanobu Takahashi
- b New Industry Creation Hatchery Center , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Kengo Kubota
- g Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Tadashi Tagawa
- h Department of Civil Engineering , National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College , Takamatsu , Japan
| | - Shigeki Uemura
- f Department of Civil Engineering , National Institute of Technology, Kisarazu College , Kisarazu , Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- i Department of Science of Technology Innovation , Nagaoka University of Technology , Niigata , Japan
| | - Hideki Harada
- b New Industry Creation Hatchery Center , Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
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Yue X, Yu G, Liu Z, Tang J, Liu J. Fast start-up of the CANON process with a SABF and the effects of pH and temperature on nitrogen removal and microbial activity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:157-165. [PMID: 29413917 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The long start-up time of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is one of the main disadvantages of this system. In this paper, the CANON process with a submerged aerated biological filter (SABF) was rapidly started up within 26 days. It gave an average ammonium nitrogen removal rate (ANR) and a total nitrogen removal rate (TNR) of 94.2% and 81.3%, respectively. The phyla Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes were confirmed as the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria (AnAOB). The genus Candidatus Brocadia was the major contributor of nitrogen removal. pH and temperature affect the performance of the CANON process. This experimental results showed that the optimum pH and temperature were 8.0 and 30 °C, respectively, which gave the highest average ANR and TNR values of 94.6% and 85.1%, respectively. This research could promote the nitrogen removal ability of CANON process in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yue
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Guangping Yu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhuhan Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jiali Tang
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Shenyang Institute of Automation in Guangzhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 511458, China
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48
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Sri Shalini S, Joseph K. Combined SHARON and ANAMMOX processes for ammoniacal nitrogen stabilisation in landfill bioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:723-732. [PMID: 29223093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stabilisation of ammoniacal nitrogen from solid waste and leachate significantly improved by combining novel processes like SHARON (single reactor system for high activity ammonia removal over nitrite) and ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) with advantages of lower carbon requirements, aeration and N2O emissions. This paper deals with establishing combined SHARON-ANAMMOX processes in situ pilot-scale landfill bioreactors (LFBR). Molecular analysis in LFBR with changes in nitrogen, hydrazine, hydroxylamine confirmed aerobic and anaerobic ammonium oxidising bacteria (AOB & ANAMMOX) as key players in SHARON-ANAMMOX processes. In situ SHARON-ANAMMOX process was established in LFBR with total nitrogen and ammoniacal nitrogen removal efficiency of 84% and 71%, respectively at NLR of 1.2 kgN/m3/d in 147 d, compared to ammoniacal nitrogen removal of 49% at NLR of 1.0 kgNH4-N/m3/d in 336 d feasible in Control LFBR. Nitrogen massbalance demonstrated in situ SHARON-ANAMMOX advantageous than control LFBR with higher nitrogen transformation to N2 (50.8%) and lower residual nitrogen in solid waste (7.7%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sri Shalini
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, India.
| | - Kurian Joseph
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, India
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García-Ruiz MJ, Maza-Márquez P, González-López J, Osorio F. Nitrogen removal capacity and bacterial community dynamics of a Canon biofilter system at different organic matter concentrations. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 193:591-601. [PMID: 29169135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three Canon bench-scale bioreactors with a volume of 2 L operating in parallel were configured as submerged biofilters. In the present study we investigated the effects of a high ammonium concentration (320 mgNH4+· L-1) and different concentrations of organic matter (0, 100 and 400 mgCOD·L-1) on the nitrogen removal capacity and the bacterial community structure. After 60 days, the Canon biofilters operated properly under concentrations of 0 and 100 mgCOD·L-1 of organic matter, with nitrogen removal efficiencies up to 85%. However, a higher concentration of organic matter (400 mgCOD·L-1) produced a partial inhibition of nitrogen removal (68.1% efficiency). The addition of higher concentrations of organic matter a modified the bacterial community structure in the Canon biofilter, increasing the proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria related to the genera of Thauera, Longilinea, Ornatilinea, Thermomarinilinea, unclassified Chlorobiales and Denitratisoma. However, heterotrophic bacteria co-exist with Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Scalindua. Thus, our study confirms the co-existence of different microbial activities (AOB, Anammox and denitrification) and the adaptation of a fixed-biofilm system to different concentrations of organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J García-Ruiz
- Institute of Water, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal Street, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Paula Maza-Márquez
- Institute of Water, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal Street, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús González-López
- Institute of Water, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal Street, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Osorio
- Institute of Water, University of Granada, Ramón y Cajal Street, 4, 18071, Granada, Spain
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50
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Xu B, Wang X, Liu J, Wu J, Zhao Y, Cao W. Improving Urban Stormwater Runoff Quality by Nutrient Removal through Floating Treatment Wetlands and Vegetation Harvest. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7000. [PMID: 28765586 PMCID: PMC5539159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) in experimental tanks were compared in terms of their effectiveness on removing nutrients. The results showed that the FTWs were dominated by emergent wetland plants and were constructed to remove nutrients from simulated urban stormwater. Iris pseudacorus and Thalia dealbata wetland systems were effective in reducing the nutrient. T. dealbata FTWs showed higher nutrient removal performance than I. pseudacorus FTWs. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) removal rates in water by T. dealbata FTWs were 3.95 ± 0.19 and 0.15 ± 0.01 g/m2/day, respectively. For I. pseudacorus FTWs, the TN and TP removal rates were 3.07 ± 0.15 and 0.14 ± 0.01 g/m2/day, respectively. The maximum absolute growth rate for T. dealbata corresponded directly with the maximum mean nutrient removal efficiency during the 5th stage. At harvest, N and P uptak of T. dealbata was 23.354 ± 1.366 g and 1.489 ± 0.077 g per plant, respectively, approximate twice as high as by I. pseudacorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of municipal and environmental engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, China
- Co-innovation center of Green Building, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shanghai Public Green Space Construction Affairs Center, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Jinan water Group Co, Ltd, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, P.R. China.
| | - Weixing Cao
- College of Biological Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, P.R. China.
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