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Monserrat Hernández M, Jiménez-Rodríguez D. Relationship of Genetic Polymorphisms and Microbial Composition with Binge Eating Disorder: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1441. [PMID: 39057584 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans are the result of an evolutionary process, and because of this, many biological processes are interconnected with each other. The intestine-brain axis consists of an intricately connected neuronal-neuroendocrine circuit that regulates the sensation of hunger and satiety. Genetic variations and the consumption of unnatural diets (ultra-processed foods, high contents of sugars, etc.) can override this circuit and cause addiction to certain foods and/or the inability to feel satiety in certain situations. The patients who come to consultations (mainly psychology or nutrition) in an attempt to resolve this problem sometimes fail, which leads to them looking for new strategies based on biological predisposition. This investigation aims to evaluate the genetic studies regarding the microbiota carried out in the last 12 years in humans to try to determine which genes and microbes that have been recently studied are related to patients diagnosed with binge eating disorder or compulsive eating (presenting obesity or not). The protocol followed the PRISMA statement, and the following databases were searched from 2012 until the present day: PubMed, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Twenty-four international articles were analyzed, including cross-sectional or exploratory studies; five of them referred to the microbial composition, and in nineteen, the existence of genetic polymorphisms present in binge eating disorder or in compulsive eating could be observed: DRD2, OPRM1, COMT, MC4R, BNDF, FTO, SLC6A3, GHRL, CARTPT, MCHR2, and LRP11. Even though there is still much to investigate on the subject, it must be highlighted that, in the last 4 years, a two-fold increase has been observed in potential markers and in studies related to the matter, also highlighting the importance of different analyses in relation to psychosocial factors and their interaction with the genetic and microbial factors, for which research on the matter must be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Jiménez-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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2
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McKnight ER, Gardner SM, Cottrill AC, Levy CB, Bonny AE. Trauma and Resilience in Adolescents and Young Adults With Opioid Use and Eating Disorders. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:856-861. [PMID: 37326039 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231181742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Substance use disorders and feeding and eating disorders (FEDs) often manifest in early adolescence, are difficult to treat, and tend to co-occur. Despite their co-occurrence, little is known about their shared risk factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare standardized measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and protective factors among 90 adolescents and young adults seeking outpatient treatment for either opioid use disorder (OUD) or an FED. These were assessed using the Modified Adverse Childhood Experience Survey and Southern Kennebec Healthy Start Resilience Survey. Reported ACEs were high in both groups compared with the national average, and those with OUD were more likely to endorse ≥4 resilience factors. Meanwhile, the prevalence of emotional neglect, household mental illness, and peer victimization/isolation/rejection was similar between groups. Opioid use disorder patients were also less likely to endorse ≥9 resilience factors. Health providers should be mindful to assess for trauma and resiliency in both these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R McKnight
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Spencer M Gardner
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew C Cottrill
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Casey B Levy
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrea E Bonny
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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3
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Qi B, Thornton LM, Breiner CE, Kuja-Halkola R, Baker JH, Lichtenstein P, Lundström S, Agrawal A, Bulik CM, Munn-Chernoff MA. Differential genetic associations between dimensions of eating disorders and alcohol involvement in late adolescent twins. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1677-1689. [PMID: 38051153 PMCID: PMC10699207 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twin studies have demonstrated shared genetic and environmental effects between eating disorders and alcohol involvement in adults and middle adolescents. However, fewer studies have focused on late adolescents or investigated a wide range of eating disorder dimensions and alcohol involvement subscales in both sexes. We examined genetic and environmental correlations among three eating disorder dimensions and two alcohol involvement subscale scores in late adolescent twins using bivariate twin models. METHODS Participants were 3568 female and 2526 male same-sex twins aged 18 years old from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden. The Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI) assessed the drive for thinness, bulimia, and body dissatisfaction. Alcohol involvement was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test consumption (AUDIT-C) and problem (AUDIT-P) subscales. RESULTS Only phenotypic and twin correlations in female twins met our threshold for twin modeling. The proportion of total variance for each trait accounted for by additive genetic factors ranged from 0.50 to 0.64 in female twins, with the rest explained by nonshared environmental factors and measurement error. Shared environmental factors played a minimal role in the variance of each trait. The strongest genetic correlation (ra ) emerged between EDI bulimia and AUDIT-P (ra = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.37, 0.55), indicating that the proportion of genetic variance of one trait that was shared with the other trait was 0.21. Nonshared environmental correlations between eating disorder dimensions and alcohol involvement ranged from 0.03 to 0.13. CONCLUSIONS We observed distinct patterns of genetic and environmental effects for co-occurring eating disorder dimensions and alcohol involvement in female vs. male twins, supporting sex-specific treatment strategies for late adolescents with comorbid eating disorders and alcohol use disorder. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessing family history of multiple eating disorder dimensions while treating late adolescents with problematic alcohol use, and vice versa, to improve detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Courtney E. Breiner
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ralf Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Paul A, Ghanta A, Chao AM. Features of Addiction in Binge-Eating Disorder: Considerations for Screening and Treatment. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2023; 14:77-87. [PMID: 37560533 PMCID: PMC10408689 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s391636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Similarities have been reported between the diagnostic and associated characteristics of binge-eating disorder (BED) and substance-related and non-substance-related disorders. This has resulted in interest in using addiction models to inform clinical care for people with BED. The purpose of this paper was to review features of addiction in BED with a focus on clinical implications. First, we briefly summarize similarities and differences in diagnostic and mechanistic features and symptoms for BED and food addiction, substance-related disorders, and non-substance-related disorders. Then we review aspects of addiction in BED that have clinical implications for screening and treatment of this condition. Similarities in diagnostic criteria between BED and substance-related and non-substance-related disorders include loss of control, greater use than intended, continued use despite adverse consequences, and marked distress. Addiction models may help inform aspects of clinical care of BED, particularly for shared antecedents and mechanisms underlying both disorders and to enhance engagement in treatment. Yet, there are large gaps in evidence regarding the effects of many aspects of addiction models to BED. More research is needed to examine the safety and efficacy of using addiction theories and frameworks for clinical strategies for BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paul
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aleena Ghanta
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana M Chao
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Qeadan F, English K, Luke A, Egbert J. Eating disorders and substance use: Examining associations among US college students. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:956-968. [PMID: 36606314 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between reported eating disorder (ED) diagnosis and substance use disorder (SUD) diagnosis, substance misuse, and illicit drug use among US college students. METHOD Data consisting of n = 414,299 students' responses to the National College Health Assessment survey conducted by the American College Health Association between fall 2015 and spring 2019 were utilized for this study. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were used to determine the association of reported ED diagnosis with reported SUD diagnosis, misuse of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine/methamphetamine, sedatives, hallucinogens, opiates, inhalants, MDMA, and other club drugs, as well as illicit use of prescription pain killers, prescription sedatives, and prescription stimulants. A sensitivity analysis investigating associations between reported anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and each substance use outcome was also conducted. RESULTS Among all in our analytic cohort, 7.15% reported receiving an ED diagnosis or being treated for an ED in the last 12 months. Students with ED indications were significantly more likely to report each of the substance use outcomes investigated in this study, including SUD diagnosis (aOR: 7.43; 95% CI: 6.98, 7.92; p < .0001), opiate misuse (aOR: 8.35; 95% CI: 7.38, 9.45; p < .0001), and misuse of other club drugs (aOR: 10.37; 95% CI: 9.10, 11.81; p < .0001) than peers without reported EDs. Both AN and BN were associated with an increased likelihood of SUD diagnosis. DISCUSSION These findings demonstrate strong associations between EDs and the most extensive list of substance use outcomes explored in the context of college setting ED research to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Qeadan
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kevin English
- Albuquerque Area Southwest Tribal Epidemiology Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Amy Luke
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jamie Egbert
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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DONATO KEVIN, CECCARINI MARIARACHELE, DHULI KRISTJANA, BONETTI GABRIELE, MEDORI MARIACHIARA, MARCEDDU GIUSEPPE, PRECONE VINCENZA, XHUFI SUELA, BUSHATI MARSIDA, BOZO DHURATA, BECCARI TOMMASO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Gene variants in eating disorders. Focus on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E297-E305. [PMID: 36479493 PMCID: PMC9710388 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder, have a deep social impact, concluding with death in cases of severe disease. Eating disorders affect up to 5% of the population in the industrialized countries, but probably the phenomenon is under-detection and under-diagnosis. Eating disorders are multifactorial disorders, resulting from the interaction between environmental triggers, psychological factors, but there is also a strong genetic component. In fact, genetic factors predispose for approximately 33-84% to anorexia nervosa, 28-83% to bulimia nervosa, and 41-57% to binge eating disorder. Twins and family studies have provided an unassailable proof on the heritability of these disorders. Other types of genetic studies, including genome-wide association studies, whole genome sequencing and linkage analysis, allowed to identify the genes and their variants associated with eating disorders and moreover global collaborative efforts have led to delineate the etiology of these disorders. Next Generation Sequencing technologies can be considered as an ideal diagnostic approach to identify not only the common variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphism, but also rare variants. Here we summarize the present knowledge on the molecular etiology and genetic determinants of eating disorders including serotonergic genes, dopaminergic genes, opioid genes, appetite regulation genes, endocannabinoid genes and vitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- KEVIN DONATO
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- Correspondence: Kevin Donato, MAGI EUREGIO, Via Maso della Pieve 60/A, Bolzano (BZ), 39100, Italy. E-mail:
| | - MARIA RACHELE CECCARINI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- C.I.B., Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - TOMMASO BECCARI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- C.I.B., Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Trieste, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI Euregio, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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7
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Ali AM, Hendawy AO, Abd Elhay ES, Ali EM, Alkhamees AA, Kunugi H, Hassan NI. The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale: its psychometric properties and invariance among women with eating disorders. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:99. [PMID: 35361186 PMCID: PMC8968775 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Facebook addiction is increasing, giving rise to limited real-life social networks, loneliness, poor work and academic performance, psychopathology, and low well-being. Facebook entails numerous factors that increase the risk for disordered eating attitudes and behaviors (e.g., use time and Facebook activities such as social grooming and photo sharing). This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) among patients with eating disorders (EDs) given lack of validation of Facebook addiction measures in this population. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving 123 inpatient and outpatient women with EDs (Mean age = 27.3, SD = 10.6, range = 14-59 years) used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multigroup CFA, structural equation modeling (SEM), Spearman's rho Spearman's analysis, McDonald's Omega (ω), Cronbach's alpha (α), and item-total correlations to examine the structure, invariance, criterion validity, reliability, and discriminant validity of the BFAS. RESULTS Correlating the residuals of items 2, 3, and 5 resulted in an excellent fit of a one-factor structure of the BFAS (χ2(7) = 8.515, p = .289, CFI = .998, TLI = .996, RMSEA = .042, SRMR = .0099). The BFAS was invariant at the configural, metric, and scalar levels across groups of EDs, age, education, and marital status. High values of ω and α (.96) as well as item-total correlations (.851-.929) indicated excellent reliability and high discrimination index of the BFAS. Criterion validity is noted by strong positive correlation with the Six-item Internet Addiction Test (S-IAT, r = .88) and SEM using the S-IAT to predict the BFAS (χ2(49) = 103.701, p = .001, CFI = .975, TLI = .966, RMSEA = .096, SRMR = .0317).. CONCLUSION The BFAS is a reliable unidimensional measure. Its high discrimination index and invariance across different groups make it useful for detecting Facebook addiction among patients with ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Smouha, Alexandria, 21527 Egypt
| | - Amin Omar Hendawy
- Department of Biological Production, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8538 Japan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22516 Egypt
| | - Eman Sameh Abd Elhay
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 30016 Egypt
| | - Esraa Mohammed Ali
- Department of Basic and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education for Early Childhood, Alexandria University, Mostafa Kamel, Alexandria, 21646 Egypt
| | - Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees
- Department of Medicine, Unayzah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unayzah, 52571 Al Qassim Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605 Japan
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502 Japan
| | - Nagia I. Hassan
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
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8
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Sanchez I, Lucas I, Munguía L, Camacho‐Barcia L, Giménez M, Sánchez‐González J, Granero R, Solé‐Morata N, Gearhard A, Diéguez C, Jiménez‐Murcia S, Fernández‐Aranda F. Food addiction in anorexia nervosa: Implications for the understanding of crossover diagnosis. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2022; 30:278-288. [PMID: 35306714 PMCID: PMC9314799 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective Food addiction (FA) construct was introduced to reflect abnormal eating patterns that resemble behavioural ones found in substance use disorders. FA has been barely explored in anorexia nervosa (AN). This study evaluated FA occurrence and associated factors in a sample of patients with AN, distinguishing between restrictive and binge–purging subtypes and focussing on the influence of FA in the crossover diagnosis between them. Method A sample of 116 patients with AN admitted for treatment seeking at an Bellvitge Hospital Eating Disorders Unit were included (72 restrictive [AN‐R]; 44 binge‐purge AN [AN‐BP]), and eating‐related, personality and psychopathological variables were assessed. Most participants were women (92.2%), mean age 27.1 years old (SD = 10.5). Results FA was more prevalent in patients with AN‐BP compared to the AN‐R group (75.0% and 54.2%, respectively). The patients with AN‐R FA+, presented more similar ED symptomatology, general psychopathology and personality traits, with the AN‐BP patients, than with the AN‐R FA‐. Conclusions Patients with AN‐R FA+, exhibit more similarities with the AN‐BP subgroup than with the AN‐R FA‐. Thus, it is possible to hypothesise that the presence of FA might be an indicator of the possible crossover from AN‐R to AN‐BP. Patients with anorexia nervosa – restrictive subtype (AN‐R) and patients with anorexia nervosa – bulimic‐purgative subtype (AN‐BP) present a prevalence of food addiction (FA) of 54% and 75%, respectively. Patients with AN‐R FA+ have more clinical and personality similarities with AN‐BP than with AN‐R FA−. The presence of FA could be associated with the possible crossover from AN‐R to AN‐BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sanchez
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Lucia Camacho‐Barcia
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Mónica Giménez
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
| | - Jessica Sánchez‐González
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology Autonomous University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Neus Solé‐Morata
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
| | - Ashley Gearhard
- Department of Psychology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Department of Physiology CIMUS University of Santiago de Compostela‐Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez‐Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández‐Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group Neurosciences Programme Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
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Abstract
Enabled by advances in high throughput genomic sequencing and an unprecedented level of global data sharing, molecular genetic research is beginning to unlock the biological basis of eating disorders. This invited review provides an overview of genetic discoveries in eating disorders in the genome-wide era. To date, five genome-wide association studies on eating disorders have been conducted - all on anorexia nervosa (AN). For AN, several risk loci have been detected, and ~11-17% of the heritability has been accounted for by common genetic variants. There is extensive genetic overlap between AN and psychological traits, especially obsessive-compulsive disorder, and intriguingly, with metabolic phenotypes even after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) risk variants. Furthermore, genetic risk variants predisposing to lower BMI may be causal risk factors for AN. Causal genes and biological pathways of eating disorders have yet to be elucidated and will require greater sample sizes and statistical power, and functional follow-up studies. Several studies are underway to recruit individuals with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder to enable further genome-wide studies. Data collections and research labs focused on the genetics of eating disorders have joined together in a global effort with the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Molecular genetics research in the genome-wide era is improving knowledge about the biology behind the established heritability of eating disorders. This has the potential to offer new hope for understanding eating disorder etiology and for overcoming the therapeutic challenges that confront the eating disorder field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunna J. Watson
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Alish B. Palmos
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avina Hunjan
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Helena L. Davies
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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10
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Purkiewicz A, Kamelska-Sadowska AM, Ciborska J, Mikulska J, Pietrzak-Fiećko R. Risk Factors for Eating Disorders and Perception of Body in Young Adults Associated with Sex. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082819. [PMID: 34444979 PMCID: PMC8401797 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The integrated approach to the prevention and treatment of eating disorders (EDs) requires knowledge and can be used only when specific risk factors are known. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in food choices and eating behavior between males and females; (2) Methods: This study comprised 148 females and 27 males aged from 18 to 26-years-old (MEAN ± SD = 21.4 ± 1.86 years old). Information about EDs was obtained from four different measures: the body mass index (BMI), the eating disorder screen for primary care (ESP), a standardized and validated questionnaire called “My Eating Habits” and the food frequency questionnaire with 10 answers (FFQ-10); (3) Results: The risk for developing eating disorders was detected in nearly 67% of respondents. It was also shown that EDs were more common in females and how body weight affected the way individuals feel about themselves. Females showed more unhealthy eating habits, which contributed to dietary restrictions and emotional overeating, as they were also afraid of gaining weight. The frequency of eating meat and drinking alcohol was higher in males, whereas eating legume seeds was less frequent in females. (4) Conclusions: This study opens a new field, which will help health care professionals recognize the problems with eating disorders and treat them based on different sex characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Purkiewicz
- Department of Commodity Sciences and Food Research, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.-F.)
| | - Anna Malwina Kamelska-Sadowska
- Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, Provincial Specialist Children’s Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Joanna Ciborska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45 F, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Julia Mikulska
- Cosmetology, Trichology, Dietetics Julia Mikulska, 11-500 Giżycko, Poland;
| | - Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko
- Department of Commodity Sciences and Food Research, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.P.); (R.P.-F.)
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11
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Yao EJ, Babbs RK, Kelliher JC, Luttik KP, Borrelli KN, Damaj MI, Mulligan MK, Bryant CD. Systems genetic analysis of binge-like eating in a C57BL/6J x DBA/2J-F2 cross. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2021; 20:e12751. [PMID: 33978997 PMCID: PMC9361732 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Binge eating is a heritable trait associated with eating disorders and refers to the rapid consumption of a large quantity of energy-dense food that is, associated with loss of control and negative affect. Binge eating disorder is the most common eating disorder in the United States; however, the genetic basis is unknown. We previously identified robust mouse inbred strain differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J in binge-like eating of sweetened palatable food in an intermittent access, conditioned place preference paradigm. To map the genetic basis of changes in body weight and binge-like eating (BLE) and to identify candidate genes, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in 128 C57BL/6J x DBA/2J-F2 mice combined with PheQTL and trait covariance analysis in GeneNetwork2 using legacy BXD-RI trait datasets. We identified a QTL on Chromosome 18 influencing changes in body weight across days in females (log of the odds [LOD] = 6.3; 1.5-LOD: 3-12 cM) that contains the candidate gene Zeb1. We also identified a sex-combined QTL influencing initial palatable food intake on Chromosome 5 (LOD = 5.8; 1.5-LOD: 21-28 cM) that contains the candidate gene Lcorl and a second QTL influencing escalated palatable food intake on Chromosome 6 in males (LOD = 5.4; 1.5-LOD: 50-59 cM) that contains the candidate genes Adipor2 and Plxnd1. Finally, we identified a suggestive QTL in females for slope of BLE on distal Chromosome 18 (LOD = 4.1; p = 0.055; 1.5-LOD: 23-35 cM). Future studies will use BXD-RI strains to fine map loci and support candidate gene nomination for gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Yao
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Richard K. Babbs
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Julia C. Kelliher
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Kimberly P. Luttik
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Kristyn N. Borrelli
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Tranformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Biomolecluar Pharmacology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - M. Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA
| | - Megan K. Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163 USA
| | - Camron D. Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Tranformative Training Program in Addiction Science (TTPAS), Boston University, Boston, MA 02118 USA
- Biomolecluar Pharmacology Training Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
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12
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Coker CR, Keller BN, Arnold AC, Silberman Y. Impact of High Fat Diet and Ethanol Consumption on Neurocircuitry Regulating Emotional Processing and Metabolic Function. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:601111. [PMID: 33574742 PMCID: PMC7870708 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.601111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of psychiatry disorders such as anxiety and depression has steadily increased in recent years in the United States. This increased risk for anxiety and depression is associated with excess weight gain, which is often due to over-consumption of western diets that are typically high in fat, as well as with binge eating disorders, which often overlap with overweight and obesity outcomes. This finding suggests that diet, particularly diets high in fat, may have important consequences on the neurocircuitry regulating emotional processing as well as metabolic functions. Depression and anxiety disorders are also often comorbid with alcohol and substance use disorders. It is well-characterized that many of the neurocircuits that become dysregulated by overconsumption of high fat foods are also involved in drug and alcohol use disorders, suggesting overlapping central dysfunction may be involved. Emerging preclinical data suggest that high fat diets may be an important contributor to increased susceptibility of binge drug and ethanol intake in animal models, suggesting diet could be an important aspect in the etiology of substance use disorders. Neuroinflammation in pivotal brain regions modulating metabolic function, food intake, and binge-like behaviors, such as the hypothalamus, mesolimbic dopamine circuits, and amygdala, may be a critical link between diet, ethanol, metabolic dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions. This brief review will provide an overview of behavioral and physiological changes elicited by both diets high in fat and ethanol consumption, as well as some of their potential effects on neurocircuitry regulating emotional processing and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R. Coker
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bailey N. Keller
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Amy C. Arnold
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yuval Silberman
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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13
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Berro J, Akel M, Hallit S, Obeid S. Relationships between inappropriate eating habits and problematic alcohol use, cigarette and waterpipe dependence among male adolescents in Lebanon. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:140. [PMID: 33446162 PMCID: PMC7809860 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND it is important to investigate the relationship between disordered eating in male adolescents and smoking and alcohol consumption as they are risk factors to other diseases as well. For example, high levels of alcohol accompanied by the acidic damage and nutritional deficit exhibited in people with disordered eating habits - due to induced vomiting - has been shown to increase risk of esophageal cancer. Considering the very few studies done on disordered eating prevailing in males and the prevalence of smoking and drinking habits, our study aims to investigate the correlation between inappropriate eating habits and one's dependence on cigarettes, waterpipes, and alcohol all the while focusing on male adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study that enrolled 389 male students (13-17 years of age) drawn from five Lebanese schools between October and December 2019. RESULTS The MANCOVA analysis was performed taking the addiction scales as the dependent variables and the EAT-26 score as an independent variable, adjusting for the covariates (age, BMI and household crowding index). Higher EAT-26 scores (more inappropriate eating attitudes) were significantly associated with higher waterpipe dependence (B = 0.11; CI 0.06-0.17) and more problematic alcohol use (B = 0.08; CI 0.04-0.12), but not cigarette dependence. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed an association between inappropriate eating and increased drinking and smoking the waterpipe, but not cigarettes. The manifestation of inappropriate eating habits was found to be significant among male adolescents; in the literature, this is also true for female adolescents. In Lebanon, the engagement of adolescents in alcohol drinking and waterpipe smoking is frequent as they are accessible due to the lack of law enforcement and supervision in the country. In addition, while this study found an association between inappropriate eating habits and dependency on smoking and drinking, further investigation should be done on the role of one's psychology in their exhibition of disordered eating as means to prevent the manifestation of these habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Berro
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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14
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Munn‐Chernoff MA, Johnson EC, Chou Y, Coleman JR, Thornton LM, Walters RK, Yilmaz Z, Baker JH, Hübel C, Gordon S, Medland SE, Watson HJ, Gaspar HA, Bryois J, Hinney A, Leppä VM, Mattheisen M, Ripke S, Yao S, Giusti‐Rodríguez P, Hanscombe KB, Adan RA, Alfredsson L, Ando T, Andreassen OA, Berrettini WH, Boehm I, Boni C, Boraska Perica V, Buehren K, Burghardt R, Cassina M, Cichon S, Clementi M, Cone RD, Courtet P, Crow S, Crowley JJ, Danner UN, Davis OS, Zwaan M, Dedoussis G, Degortes D, DeSocio JE, Dick DM, Dikeos D, Dina C, Dmitrzak‐Weglarz M, Docampo E, Duncan LE, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Escaramís G, Esko T, Estivill X, Farmer A, Favaro A, Fernández‐Aranda F, Fichter MM, Fischer K, Föcker M, Foretova L, Forstner AJ, Forzan M, Franklin CS, Gallinger S, Giegling I, Giuranna J, Gonidakis F, Gorwood P, Gratacos Mayora M, Guillaume S, Guo Y, Hakonarson H, Hatzikotoulas K, Hauser J, Hebebrand J, Helder SG, Herms S, Herpertz‐Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Huckins LM, Hudson JI, Imgart H, Inoko H, Janout V, Jiménez‐Murcia S, Julià A, Kalsi G, Kaminská D, Karhunen L, Karwautz A, Kas MJ, Kennedy JL, Keski‐Rahkonen A, Kiezebrink K, Kim Y, Klump KL, Knudsen GPS, La Via MC, Le Hellard S, Levitan RD, Li D, Lilenfeld L, Lin BD, Lissowska J, Luykx J, Magistretti PJ, Maj M, Mannik K, Marsal S, Marshall CR, Mattingsdal M, McDevitt S, McGuffin P, Metspalu A, Meulenbelt I, Micali N, Mitchell K, Monteleone AM, Monteleone P, Nacmias B, Navratilova M, Ntalla I, O'Toole JK, Ophoff RA, Padyukov L, Palotie A, Pantel J, Papezova H, Pinto D, Rabionet R, Raevuori A, Ramoz N, Reichborn‐Kjennerud T, Ricca V, Ripatti S, Ritschel F, Roberts M, Rotondo A, Rujescu D, Rybakowski F, Santonastaso P, Scherag A, Scherer SW, Schmidt U, Schork NJ, Schosser A, Seitz J, Slachtova L, Slagboom PE, Slof‐Op't Landt MC, Slopien A, Sorbi S, Świątkowska B, Szatkiewicz JP, Tachmazidou I, Tenconi E, Tortorella A, Tozzi F, Treasure J, Tsitsika A, Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor M, Tziouvas K, Elburg AA, Furth EF, Wagner G, Walton E, Widen E, Zeggini E, Zerwas S, Zipfel S, Bergen AW, Boden JM, Brandt H, Crawford S, Halmi KA, Horwood LJ, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Kaye WH, Mitchell J, Olsen CM, Pearson JF, Pedersen NL, Strober M, Werge T, Whiteman DC, Woodside DB, Grove J, Henders AK, Larsen JT, Parker R, Petersen LV, Jordan J, Kennedy MA, Birgegård A, Lichtenstein P, Norring C, Landén M, Mortensen PB, Polimanti R, McClintick JN, Adkins AE, Aliev F, Bacanu S, Batzler A, Bertelsen S, Biernacka JM, Bigdeli TB, Chen L, Clarke T, Degenhardt F, Docherty AR, Edwards AC, Foo JC, Fox L, Frank J, Hack LM, Hartmann AM, Hartz SM, Heilmann‐Heimbach S, Hodgkinson C, Hoffmann P, Hottenga J, Konte B, Lahti J, Lahti‐Pulkkinen M, Lai D, Ligthart L, Loukola A, Maher BS, Mbarek H, McIntosh AM, McQueen MB, Meyers JL, Milaneschi Y, Palviainen T, Peterson RE, Ryu E, Saccone NL, Salvatore JE, Sanchez‐Roige S, Schwandt M, Sherva R, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Thomas N, Wang J, Webb BT, Wedow R, Wetherill L, Wills AG, Zhou H, Boardman JD, Chen D, Choi D, Copeland WE, Culverhouse RC, Dahmen N, Degenhardt L, Domingue BW, Frye MA, Gäebel W, Hayward C, Ising M, Keyes M, Kiefer F, Koller G, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Lucae S, Lynskey MT, Maier W, Mann K, Männistö S, Müller‐Myhsok B, Murray AD, Nurnberger JI, Preuss U, Räikkönen K, Reynolds MD, Ridinger M, Scherbaum N, Schuckit MA, Soyka M, Treutlein J, Witt SH, Wodarz N, Zill P, Adkins DE, Boomsma DI, Bierut LJ, Brown SA, Bucholz KK, Costello EJ, Wit H, Diazgranados N, Eriksson JG, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Gillespie NA, Goate AM, Goldman D, Grucza RA, Hancock DB, Harris KM, Hesselbrock V, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Iacono WG, Johnson EO, Karpyak VM, Kendler KS, Kranzler HR, Krauter K, Lind PA, McGue M, MacKillop J, Madden PA, Maes HH, Magnusson PK, Nelson EC, Nöthen MM, Palmer AA, Penninx BW, Porjesz B, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rose RJ, Shen P, Silberg J, Stallings MC, Tarter RE, Vanyukov MM, Vrieze S, Wall TL, Whitfield JB, Zhao H, Neale BM, Wade TD, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Sullivan PF, Kaprio J, Breen G, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Bulik CM, Agrawal A. Shared genetic risk between eating disorder‐ and substance‐use‐related phenotypes: Evidence from genome‐wide association studies. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12880. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Munn‐Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Yi‐Ling Chou
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jonathan R.I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Raymond K. Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hunna J. Watson
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- School of Psychology Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Héléna A. Gaspar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Virpi M. Leppä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Würzburg Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paola Giusti‐Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Ken B. Hanscombe
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics King's College London, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Roger A.H. Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
- Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tetsuya Ando
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT Centre University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ilka Boehm
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Claudette Boni
- Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience INSERM U894 Paris France
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine University of Split Split Croatia
| | - Katharina Buehren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | | | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1) Research Center Juelich Germany
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Life Sciences Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Scott Crow
- Department of Psychiatry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - James J. Crowley
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Unna N. Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
| | - Oliver S.P. Davis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit University of Bristol Bristol UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Martina Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Dimitris Dikeos
- Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School Athens University Athens Greece
| | - Christian Dina
- l'institut du thorax INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes Nantes France
| | | | - Elisa Docampo
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Laramie E. Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health University Hospital of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Geòrgia Escaramís
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
- Genomics and Disease, Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme Centre for Genomic Regulation Barcelona Spain
| | - Anne Farmer
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Fernández‐Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Manfred M. Fichter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Germany
- Schön Klinik Roseneck affiliated with the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Monica Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Johanna Giuranna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Fragiskos Gonidakis
- 1st Psychiatric Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris INSERM U1266 Paris France
- CMME (GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences), Paris Descartes University Paris France
| | - Monica Gratacos Mayora
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München ‐ German Research Centre for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Department of Adult Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Sietske G. Helder
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- Zorg op Orde Delft The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Beate Herpertz‐Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Laura M. Huckins
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - James I. Hudson
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Hartmut Imgart
- Eating Disorders Unit Parklandklinik Bad Wildungen Germany
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Tokai University Isehara Japan
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Susana Jiménez‐Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Deborah Kaminská
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martien J.H. Kas
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Kirsty Kiezebrink
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Youl‐Ri Kim
- Department of Psychiatry Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University Seoul Korea
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | | | - Maria C. La Via
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Department of Clinical Science, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory Building Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Robert D. Levitan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lisa Lilenfeld
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Washington DC Campus Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Bochao Danae Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention M Skłodowska‐Curie Cancer Center ‐ Oncology Center Warsaw Poland
| | - Jurjen Luykx
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- BESE Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychiatry University of Lausanne‐University Hospital of Lausanne (UNIL‐CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples Italy
| | - Katrin Mannik
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Center for Integrative Genomics University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genome Diagnostics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Morten Mattingsdal
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Sara McDevitt
- Department of Psychiatry University College Cork Cork Ireland
- Eist Linn Adolescent Unit, Bessborough Health Service Executive South Cork Ireland
| | - Peter McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Biomedical Datasciences) Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Geneva University Hospital Geneva Switzerland
| | - Karen Mitchell
- National Center for PTSD VA Boston Healthcare System Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University Athens Greece
| | | | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Rheumatology Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Center for Human Genome Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jacques Pantel
- Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience INSERM U894 Paris France
| | - Hana Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Saint Joan de Déu Research Institute Saint Joan de Déu Barcelona Children's Hospital Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris INSERM U1266 Paris France
| | - Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Health Science University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Department of Biometry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Franziska Ritschel
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Marion Roberts
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Alessandro Rotondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnologies University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department of Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Paolo Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - André Scherag
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- McLaughlin Centre University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | | | - Alexandra Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Lenka Slachtova
- Department of Pediatrics and Center of Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Medical Statistics) Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Margarita C.T. Slof‐Op't Landt
- Center for Eating Disorders Ursula Rivierduinen Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence Florence Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Florence Italy
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Lodz Poland
| | - Jin P. Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | | | - Elena Tenconi
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry University of Naples SUN Naples Italy
- Department of Psychiatry University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Federica Tozzi
- Brain Sciences Department Stremble Ventures Limassol Cyprus
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Artemis Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Konstantinos Tziouvas
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Annemarie A. Elburg
- Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Eric F. Furth
- Center for Eating Disorders Ursula Rivierduinen Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Esther Walton
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München ‐ German Research Centre for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Stephanie Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Hospital Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Andrew W. Bergen
- BioRealm, LLC Walnut California USA
- Oregon Research Institute Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Joseph M. Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Harry Brandt
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Steven Crawford
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Katherine A. Halmi
- Department of Psychiatry Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA
| | - L. John Horwood
- Christchurch Health and Development Study University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | - Allan S. Kaplan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Walter H. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Fargo North Dakota USA
| | - Catherine M. Olsen
- Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - John F. Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - David C. Whiteman
- Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - D. Blake Woodside
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Mental Health University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Program for Eating Disorders University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Anjali K. Henders
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Janne T. Larsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Richard Parker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Liselotte V. Petersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
- Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Jeanette N. McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Amy E. Adkins
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Faculty of Business Karabuk University Karabuk Turkey
| | - Silviu‐Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Psychiatric Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Program Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Tim B. Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Li‐Shiun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Jerome C. Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Louis Fox
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Laura M. Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Annette M. Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Sarah M. Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Stefanie Heilmann‐Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Jouke‐Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies University of Turku Turku Finland
| | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Brion S. Maher
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Matthew B. McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Nancy L. Saccone
- Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez‐Roige
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | | | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Jen‐Chyong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Robbee Wedow
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Sociology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Amanda G. Wills
- Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Jason D. Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Sociology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Doo‐Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - William E. Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry University of Vermont Medical Center Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Robert C. Culverhouse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry University of Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Benjamin W. Domingue
- Stanford University Graduate School of Education Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Wolfgang Gäebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Düsseldorf Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Psychiatry Munich Germany
| | - Margaret Keyes
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Bertram Müller‐Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics Max‐Planck‐Institute of Psychiatry München Germany
| | - Alison D. Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition University of Aberdeen Foresterhill Aberdeen UK
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Ulrich Preuss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Herborn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Vitos Hospital Herborn Herborn Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Psychiatric Health Care Aargau Regensburg Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty LVR‐Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Michael Soyka
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick in Bernau‐Felden Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Bernau am Chiemsee Germany
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Bernau am Chiemsee Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Department of Psychiatry Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Germany
| | - Daniel E. Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
- Department of Sociology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Department of Psychology University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - E. Jane Costello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Harriet Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIH/NIAAA Bethesda Maryland USA
- Office of the Clinical Director NIH/NIAAA Besthesda Maryland USA
| | - Richard A. Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Dana B. Hancock
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - William G. Iacono
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Eric O. Johnson
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
- Fellow Program RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- VISN 4 MIRECC Crescenz VAMC Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Penelope A. Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC VU University and GGZinGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - John P. Rice
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Brien P. Riley
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Pei‐Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIH/NIAAA Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Judy Silberg
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Michael C. Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Ralph E. Tarter
- School of Pharmacy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Tamara L. Wall
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - John B. Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Tracey D. Wade
- School of Psychology Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Neuroscience Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Nutrition University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
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15
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Munn-Chernoff MA, Few LR, Matherne CE, Baker JH, Men V(Y, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Duncan AE. Eating disorders in a community-based sample of women with alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:107981. [PMID: 32442752 PMCID: PMC7293939 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies consistently report a higher prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among women with eating disorders than control women. However, limited research exists on the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses in women with SUDs, especially in community-based populations. We examined the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and diagnosis by the presence or absence of lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) and/or nicotine dependence (ND) in a community-based sample of women. METHODS 3756 women (median age = 22 years) from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study completed a modified semi-structured interview assessing lifetime DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and SUDs. Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic characteristics and other psychopathology, and robust standard errors accounted for the non-independence of twin data. RESULTS In general, women with comorbid AUD and ND had a higher prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses than women with AUD or ND Only, who in turn had a higher prevalence than those without either SUD. After adjustment for covariates, women with AUD and ND had significantly greater risk of broad anorexia nervosa (RRR = 3.17; 99 % CI = 1.35, 7.44), purging disorder (2.59; 1.24, 5.43), and numerous eating disorder symptoms than women with neither disorder. Significant differences emerged between individuals with both AUD and ND versus women with AUD Only or ND Only for some eating disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Women with lifetime AUD or ND diagnoses are at high risk for eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses, underscoring the importance of assessing eating disorder symptoms among women with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Lauren R. Few
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Camden E. Matherne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Vera (Yu) Men
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Alexis E. Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA,George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
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16
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Lozano-Madrid M, Clark Bryan D, Granero R, Sánchez I, Riesco N, Mallorquí-Bagué N, Jiménez-Murcia S, Treasure J, Fernández-Aranda F. Impulsivity, Emotional Dysregulation and Executive Function Deficits Could Be Associated with Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Eating Disorders. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061936. [PMID: 32575816 PMCID: PMC7355820 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Empirical data suggests a high comorbid occurrence of eating disorders (EDs) and substance use disorders (SUDs), as well as neurological and psychological shared characteristics. However, no prior study has identified the neuropsychological features of this subgroup. This study examines the prevalence of alcohol and/or drug abuse (A/DA) symptoms in ED patients. It also compares the clinical features and neuropsychological performance of ED patients with and without A/DA symptoms. Methods: 145 participants (74.5% females) with various forms of diagnosed EDs underwent a comprehensive clinical (TCI-R, SCL-90-R and EDI-2) and neuropsychological assessment (Stroop, WCST and IGT). Results: Approximately 19% of ED patients (across ED subtypes) had A/DA symptoms. Those with A/DA symptoms showed more impulsive behaviours and higher levels of interoceptive awareness (EDI-2), somatisation (SCL-90-R) and novelty seeking (TCI-R). This group also had a lower score in the Stroop-words measure, made more perseverative errors in the WCST and showed a weaker learning trajectory in the IGT. Conclusions: ED patients with A/DA symptoms display a specific phenotype characterised by greater impulsive personality, emotional dysregulation and problems with executive control. Patients with these temperamental traits may be at high risk of developing a SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
| | - Danielle Clark Bryan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (D.C.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
| | - Nadine Riesco
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Addictive Behavior Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; (D.C.B.); (J.T.)
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.L.-M.); (I.S.); (N.R.); (S.J.-M.)
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge—IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (N.M.-B.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-2607227; Fax: +34-93-2607193
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17
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Schaumberg K, Wonderlich S, Crosby R, Peterson C, Le Grange D, Mitchell JE, Crow S, Joiner T, Bardone-Cone AM. Impulsivity and anxiety-related dimensions in adults with bulimic-spectrum disorders differentially relate to eating disordered behaviors. Eat Behav 2020; 37:101382. [PMID: 32247895 PMCID: PMC7259439 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
While facets of both anxiety and impulsivity appear central to the development and maintenance of bulimia nervosa (BN), specific BN behaviors may be propagated by differing profiles of risk. The current study examined associations between dimensions of anxiety and impulsivity and BN symptoms (binge eating, vomiting, laxative misuse, driven exercise), both in terms of the presence of such behaviors and their frequency. Two hundred and four women (Mage = 25.7 years) who met DSM-IV criteria for full or subthreshold BN completed self-report measures of perfectionism (Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), anxiety (Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory), impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11; Impulsive Behavior Scale), eating disordered behaviors (Eating Disorder Examination - Questionnaire), and associated psychiatric symptoms (Michigan Assessment Screening Test/Alcohol-Drug; Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory). Factor analysis revealed multidimensional impulsive and anxiety-related traits (5 anxiety-related factors; 7 impulsivity-related factors). In zero-sensitive regression models, different facets of impulsivity evidenced association with the presence of binge eating (risk taking), laxative misuse (impulsive spending), and fasting (difficulty concentrating), along with the frequency of vomiting (long-term planning difficulties). In contrast, anxiety-related dimensions were only associated with driven exercise (high standards) and fasting (concern over mistakes, high standards, parental expectations). Overall, impulsive and anxiety-related factors and symptoms showed distinct associations with specific eating disorder behaviors, even among those with the same diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ross Crosby
- Biobehavioral Research Institute, Sanford Health
| | | | - Daniel Le Grange
- University of California, San Francisco,The University of Chicago
| | | | - Scott Crow
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry
| | | | - Anna M. Bardone-Cone
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
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18
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Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) are heritable conditions that are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of AN have identified specific genetic loci implicated in AN, and genetic correlations have implicated both psychiatric and metabolic factors in its origin. No GWAS have been performed for BN or BED. Genetic counseling is an important tool and can aid families and patients in understanding risk for these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, UNC Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, CB 7400, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 12A, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lauren Blake
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Cummings Life Science Center, 920 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jehannine Austin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Translational Lab Building Room a3-112 - 3rd Floor, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Translational Lab Building Room a3-112 - 3rd Floor, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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19
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Kirkpatrick R, Booij L, Vance A, Marshall B, Kanellos-Sutton M, Marchand P, Khalid-Khan S. Eating disorders and substance use in adolescents: How substance users differ from nonsubstance users in an outpatient eating disorders treatment clinic. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:175-182. [PMID: 30638270 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between eating disorders (EDs) and substance use (SU) has only been briefly described in literature using mainly adult populations. This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of SU among patients of an adolescent ED outpatient treatment program. METHOD A retrospective chart analysis was conducted to determine and subsequently compare medical status, psychosocial factors, treatment course and outcome between patients with and without SU. RESULTS Over 60% of patients with SU status (n = 203) reported regularly consuming substances. 33.4% of substance users received a diagnosis involving purging behaviors compared to 5.9% of nonusers. Females composed 96.4% and 81.7% of users and nonusers, respectively. Users reported significantly more self-harm (57.7% of users vs. 38.6% of nonusers) but did not differ significantly in terms of trauma (abuse or victimization; 48.3% of users vs. 44.9% of nonusers). The percentage of ideal body weight significantly improved throughout treatment and did not differ by SU with a mean increase of 5.29% (SD = 13.6) among nonusers compared to 5.45% (SD = 7.5) of users. While users and nonusers did not differ before and after treatment in ED severity, users were more likely than nonusers to drop-out of treatment (41.5% of users vs. 25.2% of nonusers). DISCUSSION Adolescents with SU benefit from ED outpatient treatment as much as those without SU, however, users are more likely to drop-out. Therefore, treatment should target these adolescents' emotional dysregulation to improve treatment compliance. Further research is necessary to determine the efficacy of such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kirkpatrick
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ashleigh Vance
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany Marshall
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Kanellos-Sutton
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Marchand
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarosh Khalid-Khan
- Division of Child and Youth Psychiatry, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Hotel Dieu Hospital Site, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Botterell Hall, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people receiving treatment for addiction gain an excessive amount of weight during early recovery. We outline two hypothesized mechanisms that might explain weight gain: The Addiction Transfer Hypothesis, which suggests that some individuals respond to cravings with non-nutritive eating behavior, and the Propensity for Behavioral Addiction Hypothesis, which suggests that some people are at higher risk for addiction, and that excess weight gain results from a rebound of appetitive processes that were temporarily suppressed during active addiction. METHOD We evaluate the extent of support for these alternative hypotheses using repeated measures of cravings and eating behavior collected in real time using a combination of ecological momentary assessment methodology and interviewer-based 24-hour dietary recall. Participants included N = 111 individuals receiving treatment for substance use disorder who were currently abstaining from use, but who had used their primary treatment substance within the past 12 months. RESULTS Using linear mixed models to test the temporal effects of cravings on subsequent eating behaviors hypothesized by the Addiction Transfer Hypothesis and generalized linear models to evaluate the effect of a common propensity for behavioral addiction factor on eating behaviors (a test of the Propensity for Behavioral Addiction Hypothesis), we find no evidence to support the Addiction Transfer Hypothesis, but we find modest support for the Propensity for Behavioral Addiction Hypothesis. Findings do not account for appetitive effects of psychotropic medications. CONCLUSIONS General nutrition education and encouragement of health eating behaviors may be useful for reducing excessive weight gain among people recovering from substance dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha C Gottfredson
- a Department of Health Behavior , UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Rebeccah L Sokol
- a Department of Health Behavior , UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
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21
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Nedic Erjavec G, Svob Strac D, Tudor L, Konjevod M, Sagud M, Pivac N. Genetic Markers in Psychiatry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:53-93. [PMID: 31705490 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders such as addiction (substance use and addictive disorders), depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are severe, complex, multifactorial mental disorders that carry a high social impact, enormous public health costs, and various comorbidities as well as premature morbidity. Their neurobiological foundation is still not clear. Therefore, it is difficult to uncover new set of genes and possible genetic markers of these disorders since the understanding of the molecular imbalance leading to these disorders is not complete. The integrative approach is needed which will combine genomics and epigenomics; evaluate epigenetic influence on genes and their influence on neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, and hormones; examine gene × gene and gene × environment interplay; and identify abnormalities contributing to development of these disorders. Therefore, novel genetic approaches based on systems biology focused on improvement of the identification of the biological underpinnings might offer genetic markers of addiction, depression, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and PTSD. These markers might be used for early prediction, detection of the risk to develop these disorders, novel subtypes of the diseases and tailored, personalized approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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22
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Baker JH, Johnson NK, Munn-Chernoff MA, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, Maes HH, Kendler KS. Illicit Drug Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Eating Disorder Symptoms: Associations in an Adolescent Twin Sample. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018. [PMID: 30422785 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2018.79.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Twin studies have shown that genetic factors in part explain the established relation between alcohol use (i.e., problematic use or abuse/dependence) and eating disorder symptoms in adolescent and adult females. However, studies have yet to elucidate if there are similar shared genetic factors between other aspects of substance involvement, such as illicit drug use and repeated cigarette smoking. METHOD For those sex-specific phenotypic correlations above our threshold of .20, we used a behavioral genetic design to examine potential shared genetic overlap between self-reported lifetime illicit drug use and repeated cigarette smoking and the eating disorder symptoms of drive for thinness (DT), bulimia (BU), and body dissatisfaction (BD), as assessed with the Eating Disorder Inventory-II, in 16- to 17-year-old female and male twin pairs. RESULTS Only phenotypic correlations with illicit drug use met our threshold for twin modeling. Small to moderate genetic correlations were observed between illicit drug use and BU in both girls and boys and between illicit drug use and DT in girls. CONCLUSIONS Similar etiological factors are at play in the overlap between illicit drug use and certain eating disorder symptoms in girls and boys during adolescence, such that genetic factors are important for covariance. Specifically, illicit drug use was associated with bulimia nervosa symptoms in girls and boys, which parallels previous substance use research finding a genetic overlap between alcohol use and bulimia nervosa symptoms. Future research should prospectively examine developmental trajectories to further understand the etiological overlap between substance involvement and eating disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicole K Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Melissa A Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,School of Medical Science, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Andreeva VA, Tavolacci MP, Galan P, Ladner J, Buscail C, Péneau S, Galmiche M, Hercberg S, Déchelotte P, Julia C. Sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder subtypes among men and women in France, with a focus on age. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 73:56-64. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-210745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundOn the population level, the association of age and other sociodemographic factors with eating disorders (ED) is unclear.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the French general population-based NutriNet-Santé e-cohort (n=49 603 adults; 76.3% women; mean age=50.4±14.6 years). ED were evaluated in 2014 with the 5-item SCOFF screening questionnaire and the Expali algorithmic tool. Likely cases of restrictive, bulimic, hyperphagic and other ED were the dependent variables. Age, marital status, education, occupation, physical activity and smoking were the independent variables. Associations were estimated via gender-stratified multivariable polytomous logistic regression.ResultsAmong women, age displayed inverse linear associations with both restrictive and bulimic ED, underscoring 18–25 years as the most vulnerable period (adjusted OR=3.37, 95% CI: 2.24 to 5.08 for restrictive ED; adjusted OR=2.98, 95% CI: 2.37 to 3.74 for bulimic ED, respectively). A similar association was observed in men regarding bulimic ED. In women, age was not associated with hyperphagic ED for which living alone, low education, low physical activity, being a homemaker/disabled/unemployed/retired, a manual worker or a former/current smoker had increased importance. In men, 18–39 years emerged as the least vulnerable period regarding hyperphagic ED (adjusted OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.99). Across gender, having postsecondary education had significant inverse associations with all except restrictive ED, whereas being a student had a significant positive association with restrictive ED.ConclusionsThe findings support gender-specific associations of age with four ED subtypes and could inform future prevention initiatives targeting specific ED among specific age groups.Trial registration numberNCT03335644; Pre-results.
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Baker JH, Brosof LC, Munn-Chernoff MA, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, Maes HH, Kendler KS. Associations Between Alcohol Involvement and Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescent Twins: A Bivariate Twin Study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2018; 42:2214-2223. [PMID: 30252141 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol involvement has familial associations with bulimic symptoms (i.e., binge eating, inappropriate compensatory behaviors), with several studies indicating a genetic overlap between the two. It is unclear whether overlapping familial risk with alcohol involvement extends to other eating disorder symptoms. Understanding the genetic overlap between alcohol involvement and other eating disorder symptoms may aid in more targeted interventions for comorbid alcohol use-eating disorder symptoms. Thus, we investigated associations between alcohol involvement and 2 core eating disorder symptoms: drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction in adolescent female and male twins. METHODS We assessed 3 levels of alcohol involvement: alcohol use in the last month, having ever been intoxicated, and alcohol intoxication frequency via self-report. The Eating Disorder Inventory-II assessed drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Sex-specific biometrical twin modeling examined the genetic overlap between alcohol involvement and eating disorder symptoms. RESULTS Phenotypic associations between alcohol involvement, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction were significantly greater in girls compared with boys. A majority of the associations between alcohol involvement, drive for thinness, and body dissatisfaction in girls, but not boys, met our threshold for twin modeling (phenotypic r > 0.20). Moderate genetic correlations were observed between the 3 aspects of alcohol involvement and drive for thinness. Moderate genetic correlations were observed between alcohol use and intoxication frequency and body dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Together with the literature on alcohol involvement and bulimic symptoms, these findings suggest a generalized association between alcohol involvement and eating disorder symptoms in girls, whereas this association may be symptom specific in boys. Genetic correlations indicate that the amount and direction of this genetic overlap differs across specific symptoms. When intervening on comorbid alcohol involvement and eating disorder symptoms, it may be important to target-specific eating disorder symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leigh C Brosof
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Melissa A Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medical Science, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Baker JH, Munn-Chernoff MA, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H, Maes H, Kendler KS. Shared familial risk between bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement during adolescence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 126:506-518. [PMID: 28691841 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Twin studies show the established relation between bulimic symptoms and problematic alcohol involvement in adult females is partly due to shared familial factors, specifically shared genetic effects. However, it is unclear if similar shared etiological factors exist during adolescence or in males. We examined the familial overlap (i.e., genetic and common environmental correlations) between bulimic symptoms and various levels of alcohol involvement in 16- to 17-year-old female and male same-sex twin pairs using sex-specific biometrical twin modeling. Bulimic symptoms were assessed with the Eating Disorder Inventory-2. Alcohol involvement included alcohol use in the last month, having ever been intoxicated, and alcohol intoxication frequency. Results revealed 3 distinct patterns. First, in general, phenotypic correlations indicated statistically similar associations between bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement in girls and boys. Second, common environmental overlap was significant for the bivariate associations including having ever been intoxicated. Third, moderate genetic correlations were observed between all bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement in girls and moderate common environmental correlations were observed in boys for the more risky/deviant levels of involvement. Similar to adults, there is familial overlap between bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement in adolescent girls and boys. These results could inform symptom- and sex-specific, developmentally targeted prevention and intervention programs for the comorbidity between bulimic symptoms and alcohol involvement. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Hermine Maes
- Department of Genetics, VA Commonwealth University
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Franko DL, Tabri N, Keshaviah A, Murray HB, Herzog DB, Thomas JJ, Coniglio K, Keel PK, Eddy KT. Predictors of long-term recovery in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: Data from a 22-year longitudinal study. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 96:183-188. [PMID: 29078155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate predictors of long-term recovery from eating disorders 22 years after entry into a longitudinal study. METHOD One hundred and seventy-six of the 228 surviving participants (77.2%) were re-interviewed 20-25 years after study entry using the Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation to assess ED recovery. The sample consisted of 100 women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 76 with bulimia nervosa (BN) at study entry. RESULTS A comorbid diagnosis of major depression at the start of the study strongly predicted having a diagnosis of AN-Restricting type at the 22-year assessment. A higher body mass index (BMI) at study intake decreased the odds of being diagnosed with AN-Binge Purge type, relative to being recovered, 22 years later. The only predictor that increased the likelihood of having a diagnosis of BN at the 22-year assessment was the length of time during the study when the diagnostic criteria for BN were met. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results indicate that the presence and persistence of binge eating and purging behaviors were poor prognostic indicators and that comorbidity with depression is particularly pernicious in AN. Treatment providers might pay particular attention to these issues in an effort to positively influence recovery over the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Franko
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nassim Tabri
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aparna Keshaviah
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen B Murray
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David B Herzog
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J Thomas
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Coniglio
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela K Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Kamryn T Eddy
- Eating Disorders Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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A commentary on the associations among ‘food addiction’, binge eating disorder, and obesity: Overlapping conditions with idiosyncratic clinical features. Appetite 2017; 115:3-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cuesto G, Everaerts C, León LG, Acebes A. Molecular bases of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: shedding light on the darkness. J Neurogenet 2017; 31:266-287. [PMID: 28762842 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2017.1353092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eating-disorders (EDs) consequences to human health are devastating, involving social, mental, emotional, physical and life-threatening aspects, concluding on impairment and death in cases of extreme anorexia nervosa. It also implies that people suffering an ED need to find psychiatric and psychological help as soon as possible to achieve a fully physical and emotional recovery. Unfortunately, to date, there is a crucial lack of efficient clinical treatment to these disorders. In this review, we present an overview concerning the actual pharmacological and psychological treatments, the knowledge of cells, circuits, neuropeptides, neuromodulators and hormones in the human brain- and other organs- underlying these disorders, the studies in animal models and, finally, the genetic approaches devoted to face this challenge. We will also discuss the need for new perspectives, avenues and strategies to be developed in order to pave the way to novel and more efficient therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Cuesto
- a Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands , Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Claude Everaerts
- b Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation , UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté , Dijon , France
| | - Leticia G León
- c Cancer Pharmacology Lab , AIRC Start Up Unit, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Angel Acebes
- a Centre for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands , Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
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