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Lee H, Choi Y. Predicting apparent adsorption capacity of sediment-amended activated carbon for hydrophobic organic contaminants using machine learning. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141003. [PMID: 38142882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
In-situ stabilization of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) using activated carbon (AC) is a promising sediment remediation approach. However, predicting HOC adsorption capacity of sediment-amended AC remains a challenge because a prediction model is currently unavailable. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop machine learning models that could predict the apparent adsorption capacity of sediment-amended AC (KAC,apparent) for HOCs. These models were trained using 186 sets of experimental data obtained from the literature. The best-performing model among those employing various model frameworks, machine learning algorithms, and combination of candidate input features excellently predicted logKAC,apparent with a coefficient of determination of 0.94 on the test dataset. Its prediction results and experimental data for KAC,apparent agreed within 0.5 log units with few exceptions. Analysis of feature importance for the machine learning model revealed that KAC,apparent was strongly correlated with the hydrophobicity of HOCs and the particle size of AC, which agreed well with the current knowledge obtained from experimental and mechanistic assessments. On the other hand, correlation of KAC,apparent to sediment characteristics, duration of AC-sediment contact, and AC dose identified in the model disagreed with relevant arguments made in the literature, calling for further assessment in this subject. This study highlights the promising capability of machine learning in predicting adsorption capacity of AC in complex systems. It offers unique insights into the influence of model parameters on KAC,apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonmin Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Adame-Pereira M, Durán-Valle CJ, Fernández-González C. Hydrothermal Carbon Coating of an Activated Carbon-A New Adsorbent. Molecules 2023; 28:4769. [PMID: 37375324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new adsorbent material was prepared by coating an activated carbon with hydrothermal carbon obtained from sucrose. The material obtained has different properties from the sum of the properties of the activated carbon and the hydrothermal carbon, which shows that a new material was obtained. It has a high specific surface area (1051.9 m2 g-1) and is slightly more acidic than the starting activated carbon (p.z.c.-point of zero charge 8.71 vs. 9.09). The adsorptive properties of a commercial carbon (Norit RX-3 Extra) were improved over a wide pH and temperature range. The capacity values of the monolayer according to Langmuir's model reached 588 mg g-1 for the commercial product and 769 mg g-1 for the new adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Adame-Pereira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Fernández-González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas, s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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3
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Li X, Huang L, Reible D, Zeng X, Liu S, Fu J, Wang K, Fang H. Inhibition of sediment erosion and phosphorus release by remediation strategy of contaminated sediment backfilling. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 239:120055. [PMID: 37207454 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The management of sediment-water interfaces, especially bed stability, is essential for controlling accumulated contaminants in the sediment. In this study, the relationship between sediment erosion and phosphorus (P) release under the remediation strategy of contaminated sediment backfilling (CSBT) was explored through a flume experiment, i.e. the dredged sediment was calcined into ceramsite after dewatering and detoxification and then backfilled to the dredged area for sediment capping, thus avoiding the introduction of foreign materials via in-situ remediation and the large-scale land occupation associated with ex-situ remediation. Acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) and optical backscatter sensor (OBS) were used to measure the vertical distributions of flow velocity and sediment concentration in the overlying water, respectively, and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) was used to measure the P distribution in the sediment. The results revealed that improving bed stability from CSBT can considerably improve the robustness of sediment-water interface and reduce sediment erosion by more than 70%. The corresponding P release from the contaminated sediment could be inhibited with an inhibition efficiency as high as 80%. CSBT is a potent strategy for managing contaminated sediment. This study provides a theoretical reference for controlling sediment pollution, further supporting river and lake ecological management and environmental restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA
| | - Xiong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiahao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongwei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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4
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Navarro DA, Kabiri S, Ho J, Bowles KC, Davis G, McLaughlin MJ, Kookana RS. Stabilisation of PFAS in soils: Long-term effectiveness of carbon-based soil amendments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121249. [PMID: 36764376 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immobilisation/stabilisation is one of the most developed and studied approaches for treating soils contaminated with per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, its application has been inhibited by insufficient understanding of the effectiveness of added soil sorbents over time. Herein, we present results on the effectiveness of select carbon-based sorbents, over 4 years (longevity) and multiple laboratory leaching conditions (durability). Standard batch leaching tests simulating aggressive, worst-case scenario conditions for leaching (i.e., shaking for 24-48 h at high liquid/solid ratios) were employed to test longevity and durability of stabilisation in clay-loam and sandy-loam soils historically contaminated with PFAS (2 and 14 mg/kg ∑28 PFAS). The different sorbents, which were applied at 1-6% (w/w), reduced leaching of PFAS from the soils to varying degrees. Among the 5 sorbents tested, initial assessments completed 1 week after treatment revealed that 2 powdered activated carbon (PAC) sorbents and 1 biochar were able to reduce leaching of PFAS in the soil by at least 95%. Four years after treatment, the performance of the PAC sorbents did not significantly change, whilst colloidal AC improved and was able to reduce leaching of PFAS by at least 94%. The AC-treated soils also appeared to be durable and achieved at least 95% reduction in PFAS leaching under repetitive leaching events (5 times extraction) and with minimal effect of pH (pH 4-10.5). In contrast, the biochars were affected by aging and were at least 22% less effective in reducing PFAS leaching across a range of leaching conditions. Sorbent performance was generally consistent with the sorbent's physical and chemical characteristics. Overall, the AC sorbents used in this study appeared to be better than the biochars in stabilising PFAS in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divina A Navarro
- CSIRO Environment, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia.
| | - Shervin Kabiri
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ho
- AECOM Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Karl C Bowles
- RPS AAP Consulting Pty Ltd, 420 George Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, level 4/20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Greg Davis
- CSIRO Environment, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia
| | - Mike J McLaughlin
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Rai S Kookana
- CSIRO Environment, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia, 5064, Australia
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5
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Albarano L, Toscanesi M, Trifuoggi M, Guida M, Lofrano G, Libralato G. In situ microcosm remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons: influence and effectiveness of Nano-Zero Valent Iron and activated carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:3235-3251. [PMID: 35943650 PMCID: PMC9892105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) and activated carbon (AC) addition are ongoing techniques for the remediation of hydrophobic organic compound-contaminated sediment and water, but with still unexplored eco(toxico)logical implications, especially when applied in situ. In this study, we investigated AC and nZVI as remediation methods for marine contaminated sediment and water, including chemical and toxicity (Artemia franciscana survival and genotoxicity) surveys. The removal efficiency of AC and nZVI (about 99%) was similar in both sediment and seawater, while the survival of nauplii and adults was mainly impacted by nZVI than AC. At the molecular level, the nZVI-addition induced down-regulation in the expression of two stress and one developmental genes, whereas AC was able to up-regulated only one gene involved in stress response. Results suggested that the use of AC is safer than nZVI that requires further investigation and potential optimization to reduce secondary undesired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Toscanesi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Chimiche, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Vicinale Cupa Cintia 26, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
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Nutile SA, Shao Y. Determining the reusability of Tenax beads (60-80 mesh) in estimates of bioaccessibility using single-point extractions. Talanta 2022; 250:123734. [PMID: 35858529 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Single-point Tenax extractions are a viable means of estimating bioaccessibility of hydrophobic organic contaminants in sediment, soil, and intestinal fluids. One advantage of this extraction technique is that after thorough cleaning and drying, Tenax beads can be reused in subsequent extractions with the assumption that no changes in bioaccessibility estimates will occur. This assumption of reusability, however, has not been tested. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the reusability of Tenax beads by comparing bioaccessible polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations measured by differently aged Tenax beads. New Tenax beads (60-80 mesh) were aged through 24 h single-point Tenax extractions of clean sand 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 times. The aged Tenax was then used to extract 27 PCB congeners from laboratory spiked sediment and the bioaccessible PCB concentrations were compared. Despite significant effects of PCB congener (F26, 567 = 97.291, p = 2.00 × 10-16), Tenax age (F6, 567 = 14.735, p = 1.12 × 10-15), and the interaction of these two terms (F156, 567 = 1.711, p = 4.79 × 10-6) on bioaccessible concentrations measured by Tenax, the significance was due to two PCB congeners that showed large variation during analytical quantification. For the remaining 25 congeners, no differences in bioaccessible PCB concentrations were found between differently aged Tenax, suggesting repeated use did not impact bioaccessible estimates provided by Tenax. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed no significant changes in the visible surface area of the Tenax beads after aging (F6, 203 = 1.434, p = 0.203), suggesting no significant changes in the Tenax phase volume resulting in consistent estimates of bioaccessibility through repeated use. Given the strong correlations between single-point Tenax extractable and tissue concentrations, providing data to detail the reusability of Tenax in repeated extractions further demonstrates the applicability of this extraction technique in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Nutile
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University - The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA.
| | - Yucheng Shao
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University - The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
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7
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Wang AP, Conder J, Chadwick B, Rosen G. Long-Term Monitoring of an In Situ Activated Carbon Treatment to Reduce Polychlorinated Biphenyl Availability in an Active Harbor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1568-1574. [PMID: 35199881 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon-based amendments have been demonstrated as a means of sequestering sediment-associated organic compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In a 2012 effort, an activated carbon amendment was placed at a 0.5-acre amendment area adjacent to and underneath Pier 7 at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility, Bremerton, Washington, USA to reduce PCB availability. Multiple postplacement monitoring events over a 3-year period showed an 80%-90% reduction in PCBs, stability of activated carbon, and no significant negative impacts to the benthic community. To further evaluate the long-term performance, a follow-on to the approximately 7-year (82-month) postplacement monitoring event was conducted in 2019. The results of in situ porewater and bioaccumulation evaluations were consistent with previous observations, indicating overall PCB availability reductions of approximately 80%-90% from preamendment conditions. Multiple measurement approaches for quantifying activated carbon and amendment presence indicated that the amendment was present and stable in the amendment area and that the activated carbon content was similar to levels observed previously. As in the previous investigation, benthic invertebrate community metrics indicated that the amendment did not significantly impair benthic health. An application of carbon petrography to quantify activated carbon content in surface sediments was also explored. The results were found to correspond within a factor of 1.3 (on average) with those of data for the black carbon content via a black carbon chemical oxidation method, an approach that quantifies all forms of black carbon (including activated carbon). The results suggest that at sites with low soot-derived black carbon content in sediment (relative to the targeted activated carbon dose), the black carbon chemical oxidation method would be a reasonable method for measurement of activated carbon dosage in sediment at sites amended with activated carbon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1568-1574. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason Conder
- Geosyntec Consultants, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Bart Chadwick
- Coastal Monitoring Associates, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gunther Rosen
- Naval Information Warfare Systems Center Pacific, US Department of the Navy, San Diego, California
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8
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Smith AV, Shen X, Garza-Rubalcava U, Gardiner W, Reible D. In Situ Passive Sampling to Monitor Long Term Cap Effectiveness at a Tidally Influenced Shoreline. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030106. [PMID: 35324732 PMCID: PMC8948705 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane solid-phase microextraction passive samplers were used to evaluate long-term performance of a sand/gravel cap placed in 2005 in a tidally influenced shoreline in Puget Sound to reduce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) transport into overlying surface water. Sampling in both 2010 and 2018 measured porewater concentrations of <1 ng/L total PAHs in the cap layer. d-PAH performance reference compounds were used to evaluate the extent of equilibration of the contaminants onto the samplers and to estimate net upwelling velocities through a mass-transfer model. The upwelling velocities were used to predict long-term migration of selected PAHs through the cap, showing that the cap is expected to continue being effective at limiting exposure of contaminants at the cap−water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex V. Smith
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (X.S.); (U.G.-R.)
| | - Uriel Garza-Rubalcava
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (X.S.); (U.G.-R.)
| | - William Gardiner
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District Seattle, Washington, DC 98134, USA;
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Harwood AD, Nutile SA, Simpson AM. A comparison of activated carbon remediation success in floodplain soils contaminated with DDT and its metabolites using ex situ and in situ experimentation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 295:118687. [PMID: 34920043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of hydrophobic organic contaminants using activated carbon is an effective means by which to clean up contaminated areas. Predicting remediation success using laboratory experimentation with soil, however, is unclear. Current remediation efforts involving activated carbon addition to floodplain soils downstream of the Velsicol Chemical Corporation Superfund Site (VCCSS) have offered the opportunity to directly compare in situ activated carbon remediation with laboratory experimentation. The objective of the current study was to compare bioaccumulation of DDT, DDD, and DDE (DDX) residues by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to laboratory-aged (LA) or field-aged (FA) soils from four locations. Samples were evaluated at 0-, 3-, and 9-months post-remediation to determine the ability of laboratory studies to predict in situ remediation. Floodplain soils downstream from the VCCSS were amended with 2% by weight activated carbon in the field and the laboratory, and then aged for 3- or 9-months. At 0-, 3-, and 9-months bioaccumulation assays were conducted with LA and FA soils and tissue concentrations were compared within study sites. In both LA and FA soils, activated carbon caused significant reductions (37.01-92.94%) in bioaccumulated DDX in earthworms. Field-collected worms showed a similar trend in reduction of bioaccumulated DDX, suggesting activated carbon remediation was successful in reducing bioavailable DDX for native organisms within the floodplain soils. The rate of reduction in bioavailable DDX, however, was significantly faster in LA soils (β = -0.189, p < 0.0001) compared to FA soils (β = -0.054, p < 0.0038). Differences in temperature and methods of activated carbon incorporation between LA and FA soils may account for the differences in remediation rate, suggesting laboratory experiments may overpredict the extent or speed in which remediation occurs in the field. Therefore, use of laboratory studies in predicting success of activated carbon remediation may be most effective when conditions mimic field remediation as closely as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D Harwood
- Environmental Studies, Alma College, Alma, MI, 48801, USA; Biology, Alma College, Alma, MI, 48801, USA.
| | - Samuel A Nutile
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
| | - Adam M Simpson
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Pennsylvania State University, The Behrend College, Erie, PA, 16563, USA
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Rämö RA, Honkanen J, Nybom I, Gunnarsson JS. Biological Effects of Activated Carbon on Benthic Macroinvertebrates are Determined by Particle Size and Ingestibility of Activated Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:3465-3477. [PMID: 34748656 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The application of activated carbon (AC) to the surface of contaminated sediments is a promising technology for sediment remediation in situ. Amendment with AC has proved to be effective in reducing bioavailability and sediment-to-water release of hydrophobic organic contaminants. However, AC may cause positive or negative biological responses in benthic organisms. The causes of these effects, which include changes in growth, reproduction, and mortality, are unclear but are thought to be related to the size of AC particles. The present study investigated biological response to AC ranging from ingestible powdered AC to noningestible granular AC in two benthic deposit feeders: the polychaete Marenzelleria spp. and the clam Limecola balthica (syn. Macoma balthica). In the polychaete, exposure to powdered AC (ingestible) reduced both dry weight and carbon assimilation, whereas exposure to granular AC (noningestible) increased both dry weight and carbon assimilation. Responses in the clam were similar but less pronounced, indicating that response levels are species-specific and may vary within a benthic community. In addition, worms exposed to the finest ingestible AC particles had reduced gut microvilli length and reduced gut lumen, indicating starvation. These results strongly suggest that biological responses to AC depend on particle ingestibility, whereby exposure to ingestible particles may cause starvation through reduced bioavailability of food coingested with AC or due to rejection of AC-treated sediment as a food source. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3465-3477. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Rämö
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Honkanen
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inna Nybom
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas S Gunnarsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment, and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Xiang J, Mi Y, Luo B, Gong S, Zhou Y, Ma T. Evaluating the potential of KOH-modified composite biochar amendment to alleviate the ecotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid-contaminated sediment on Bellamya aeruginosa. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112346. [PMID: 34022627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modified composite biochar offers a cost-effective solution for the remediation of contaminated sediments; however, few studies have evaluated the effects of modified composite biochar amendment on the ecotoxicity of contaminated sediment based on benthic macroinvertebrates. A 21-day sediment toxicity test was conducted using the freshwater snail Bellamya aeruginosa to examine the intrinsic ecotoxicity of a novel KOH-modified composite biochar (KOH-CBC) and its efficacy for reducing the bioavailability, uptake, and ecotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). It was found that KOH-CBC is toxic to B. aeruginosa, which may be attributed to its high polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content and alkalinity. The addition of KOH-CBC to PFOA-contaminated sediments can markedly reduce the bioavailability and uptake of PFOA by more than 90% and 50%, respectively, and subsequently alleviate the toxicity of PFOA to B. aeruginosa by at least 30%. Increasing the KOH-CBC dosage is not beneficial for further mitigating the toxicity of PFOA-contaminated sediments. Our findings imply that KOH-CBC is a promising sorbent for the in-situ remediation of PFOA-contaminated sediments. Application of acidified KOH-CBC at a dosage of approximately 1-3% will be sufficient to control the ecotoxicity of PFOA; however, its long-term environmental effects should be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiang
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Mi
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Benxiang Luo
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangjiao Gong
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingru Zhou
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Taowu Ma
- College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic of China.
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12
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The Monitoring of Black-Odor River by Electronic Nose with Chemometrics for pH, COD, TN, and TP. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black-odor rivers are polluted urban rivers that often are black in color and emit a foul odor. They are a severe problem in aquatic systems because they can negatively impact the living conditions of residents and the functioning of ecosystems and local economies. Therefore, it is crucial to identify ways to mitigate the water quality parameters that characterize black-odor rivers. In this study, we tested the efficacy of an electronic nose (E-nose), which was inexpensive, fast, and easy to operate, for qualitative recognition analysis and quantitative parameter prediction of samples collected from the Yueliang River in Huzhou City. The E-nose sensors were cross-sensitive to the volatile compounds in black-odor water. The device recognized the samples from different river sites with 100% accuracy based on linear discriminant analysis. For water quality parameter predictions, partial least squares regression models based on E-nose signals were established, and the coefficients between the actual water quality parameters (pH, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen content, and total phosphorous content) and the predicted values were very high (R2 > 0.90) both in the training and testing sets. These results indicate that E-nose technology can be a fast, easy-to-build, and cost-effective detection system for black-odor river monitoring.
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Raymond C, Samuelsson GS, Agrenius S, Schaanning MT, Gunnarsson JS. Impaired benthic macrofauna function 4 years after sediment capping with activated carbon in the Grenland fjords, Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16181-16197. [PMID: 33269443 PMCID: PMC7969561 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The sediments in the Grenland fjords in southern Norway are heavily contaminated by large emissions of dioxins and mercury from historic industrial activities. As a possible in situ remediation option, thin-layer sediment surface capping with powdered activated carbon (AC) mixed with clay was applied at two large test sites (10,000 and 40,000 m2) at 30-m and 95-m depths, respectively, in 2009. This paper describes the long-term biological effects of the AC treatment on marine benthic communities up to 4 years after treatment. Our results show that the capping with AC strongly reduced the benthic species diversity, abundance, and biomass by up to 90%. Vital functions in the benthic ecosystem such as particle reworking and bioirrigation of the sediment were also reduced, analyzed by using novel bioturbation and bioirrigation indices (BPc, BIPc, and IPc). Much of the initial effects observed after 1 and 14 months were still present after 49 months, indicating that the effects are long-lasting. These long-lasting negative ecological effects should be carefully considered before decisions are made on sediment remediation with powdered AC, especially in large areas, since important ecosystem functions can be impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Raymond
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Stefan Agrenius
- Department of Marine Sciences-Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, 451 78, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas S Gunnarsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Albarano L, Lofrano G, Costantini M, Zupo V, Carraturo F, Guida M, Libralato G. Comparison of in situ sediment remediation amendments: Risk perspectives from species sensitivity distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:115995. [PMID: 33187838 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated sediment is a major issue for aquatic environments, but attention must be kept even during remediation activities that can negatively affect resident biota especially when applied in situ. For the first time, the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach was applied to amendments used for in situ sediment remediation considering 39 papers including both freshwater (F) and saltwater (S) effect data (i.e. n = 17 only F, n = 19 only S, and n = 3 both F and S). Toxicity data related to the application of activated carbon (AC), nano-Zero-Valent-Iron (nZVI), apatite (A), organoclay (OC) and zeolite (Z) were collected and analyzed. SSD curves were constructed by lognormal model providing comprehensive comparisons of the sensitivities of different species to the relative testing methods. Results indicated that Bacteria were the most sensitive group of testing organisms, while Crustaceans were the less sensitive. The hazardous concentration for 5% of the affected species (HC5) were derived to determine the concentration protecting 95% of the species. OC, A and Z presented both acute and chronic toxicity. The HC5 values in descending order are: AC (4.79 g/L) > nZVI (0.02 g/L) > OC, A and Z (1.77E-04 g/L). AC and nZVI can be considered safer than OC, A and Z in sediment remediation activities, even if in situ long-term effects remained still underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Albarano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy; Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - G Lofrano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - M Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - V Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy
| | - F Carraturo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - M Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy; Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - G Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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Allan IJ, Raffard V, Kringstad A, Næs K. Assessment of marine sediment remediation efficiency with SPME-based passive sampling measurement. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143854. [PMID: 33279202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling has been shown to be a suitable procedure to assess the risk of contaminated sediments through the measurement of freely dissolved concentrations (CFree) and remedial actions involving amendments such as activated carbon (AC). Here we report results of the application of simple, solvent-free solid phase micro extraction methodology (SPME) to assess the performance of different materials for the remediation of selected Norwegian harbour sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). AC amendments enabled a reduction of the availability of PAHs and/or PCBs by a factor of ten to over one hundred in Aker Brygge sediments (Oslo) and sediments from Elkembukta, impacted by industrial emissions of PAHs with/from coal tar pitch. Another material, anthracite, slightly less effective in this set of experiment than AC, showed nonetheless great promise as capping material. The SPME data are put in perspective with equilibrium measurements of CFree for PAHs and organochlorines with silicone rubber in other Elkembukta sediments collected in the vicinity of those used for the remediation experiments. A reduction of sediment Cfree for pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene in inner Elkembukta sediment from on average 407, 6.3 and 0.82 ng L-1 to values of/or below 1.3, 0.15 and 0.076 ng L-1, respectively can be expected upon remediation with AC. For the outer, less contaminated Elkembukta sediment, Cfree would reduce from 36, 0.81 and 0.13 ng L-1 to value of or below 0.06, 0.03 and 0.005 ng L-1 for these three compounds, respectively. Differences in pattern of PAH and organochlorine contamination of inner and outer Elkembukta sediments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Allan
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Violette Raffard
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alfhild Kringstad
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristoffer Næs
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
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Yang Y, Ye S, Zhang C, Zeng G, Tan X, Song B, Zhang P, Yang H, Li M, Chen Q. Application of biochar for the remediation of polluted sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124052. [PMID: 33039828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polluted sediments pose potential threats to environmental and human health and challenges to water management. Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through pyrolysis of biomass waste, which performs well in soil amendment, climate improvement, and water treatment. Unlike soil and aqueous solutions, sediments are both the sink and source of water pollutants. Regarding in-situ sediment remediation, biochar also shows unique advantages in removing or immobilizing inorganic and organic pollutants (OPs). This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current methods of in-situ biochar amendments specific to polluted sediments. Physicochemical properties (pore structure, surface functional groups, pH and surface charge, mineral components) were influenced by the pyrolysis conditions, feedstock types, and modification of biochar. Furthermore, the remediation mechanisms and efficiency of pollutants (heavy metals [HMs] and OPs) vary with the biochar properties. Biochar influences microbial compositions and benthic organisms in sediments. Depending on the location or flow rate of polluted sediments, potential utilization methods of biochar alone or coupled with other materials are discussed. Finally, future practical challenges of biochar as a sediment amendment are addressed. This review provides an overview and outlook for sediment remediation using biochar, which will be valuable for further scientific research and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shujing Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Hailan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Meiling Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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17
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Bianco F, Race M, Papirio S, Oleszczuk P, Esposito G. The addition of biochar as a sustainable strategy for the remediation of PAH-contaminated sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128274. [PMID: 33297218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of sediments by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been widely spread for years due to human activities, imposing the research and development of effective remediation technologies for achieving efficient treatment and reuse of sediments. In this context, the amendment of biochar in PAH-contaminated sediments has been lately proposed as an innovative and sustainable technology. This review provides detailed information about the mechanisms and impacts associated with the supplementation of biochar to sediments polluted by PAHs. The properties of biochar employed in these applications have been thoroughly examined. Sorption onto biochar is the main mechanism involved in PAH removal from sediments. Sorption efficiency can be significantly improved even in the presence of a low remediation time (i.e. 30 d) when a multi-PAH system is used and biochar is provided with a high dosage (i.e. by 5% in a mass ratio with the sediment) and a specific surface area of approximately 360 m2 g-1. The use of biochar results in a decrease (i.e. up to 20%) of the PAH degradation during bioaugmentation and phytoremediation of sediments, as a consequence of the reduction of PAH bioavailability and an increase of water and nutrient retention. In contrast, PAH degradation has been reported to increase up to 54% when nitrate is used as electron acceptor in low-temperature biochar-amended sediments. Finally, biochar is effective in co-application with Fe2+ for the persulfate degradation of PAHs (i.e. up to 80%), mainly when a high catalyst dose and an acidic pH are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bianco
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, Italy.
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, Italy
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
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18
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Yan S, Rakowska M, Shen X, Himmer T, Irvine C, Zajac-Fay R, Eby J, Janda D, Ohannessian S, Reible DD. Bioavailability assessment in activated carbon treated coastal sediment with in situ and ex situ porewater measurements. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116259. [PMID: 32798889 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampling and bioaccumulation assessments were used to evaluate the performance of activated carbon (AC) remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated sediment offshore in Parcel F of the former Hunters Point Naval Shipyard (HPNS) (San Francisco, California). Two different composite AC materials, AquaGate+PAC™ (86 tons) and SediMite™ (24 tons) were placed on the sediment surface covering an area of 3200 m2. PCB tissue concentrations in the clam Macoma nasuta were reduced 75 to 80% in pilot amendment areas after 8 months and 84-87% in non-lipid normalized tissues after 14 months during in situ monitoring, confirming the effectiveness of the AC at reducing bioavailability of the PCBs. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) passive samplers were applied to evaluate and monitor freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) of PCBs in sediment porewater before AC placement (i.e., during baseline) and at 8 months, 14 months and 26 months following placement. Although AC composite materials were placed only at the surface, 80% reductions were observed to a depth of 16 cm after 8 months and up to 26 cm after 26 months in AquaGate+PAC treatment area. Total PCB porewater concentrations in surface sediments (1-6 cm) were reduced 89 and 91% in the AquaGate+PAC and SediMite areas during final sampling. Ex situ passive sampling showed porewater concentrations 2-5 times larger than in situ measurements due to the absence of hyporheic exchange in laboratory measurements and near equilibration between sediment and porewater. Estimated post placement ex situ porewater concentrations were more consistent with a model of bioaccumulation using the octanol-water partition coefficient (KOW) as a bioaccumulation factor leading to a hypothesis that the bioaccumulation factor in the deposit feeding clam is better estimated by equilibrium ex situ porewater measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjing Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Magdalena Rakowska
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Xiaolong Shen
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jamie Eby
- Port of Oakland, Oakland, CA 94607, USA
| | - Danielle Janda
- Department of the Navy (DoN), Base Realignment and Closure Program Management Office (BRAC PMO) West, San Diego, CA 92014, USA
| | | | - Danny D Reible
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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19
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Wang Z, Chen Y, Chen L, Xi S, Liu Y, Dong Y, Miao L. Ex-situ treatment of sediment from a black-odor water body using activated sludge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136651. [PMID: 31955108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sediment containing numerous nutrients and pollutants has become an important consideration when treating black-odor water. Excessive activated sludge produced in wastewater treatment plants contains a large number of microorganisms, which is beneficial for removing organics and nutrients from the black-odor sediment. In this study, three types of sludge from a secondary sedimentation tank (SST), a digestion tank (DT), and an aerobic tank treating landfill leachate (AT_leachate) were used to treat black-odor sediment, respectively. All the three types of activated sludge enhanced the treatment performance of sediment. The SST sludge worked the best with the optimal dosage of 2.56 g/(kg sediment), and the removal of nitrogen and organics reached 57.03 and 28.14%, respectively. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that the activated sludge significantly affected the microbial community of the sediment. In particular, SST sludge resulted in significant increase in the number of microorganisms related to nitrification and sulfur metabolism to 10.68 and 10.97%, respectively. This was found to be important for degrading organics and promoting nitrogen removal. This study provides an efficient strategy for the treatment of black-odor sediment, and also realizes the complete utilization of waste activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shihao Xi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yunsheng Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei Miao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Albarano L, Costantini M, Zupo V, Lofrano G, Guida M, Libralato G. Marine sediment toxicity: A focus on micro- and mesocosms towards remediation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:134837. [PMID: 31791766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and/or mesocosms are experimental tools bringing ecologically relevant components of the natural environment under controlled conditions closest to the real world, without losing the advantage of reliable reference conditions and replications, providing a link between laboratory studies and filed studies in natural environments. Here, for the first time, a formal comparison of different types of mesocosm applied to the study of marine contaminants is offered, considering that pollution of coastal areas represented a major concern in the last decades because of the abundance of discharged toxic substances. In particular, the structural characteristics of micro- and mesocosms (m-cosms) used to study marine contaminated sediments were reviewed, focusing on their advantages/disadvantages. Their potentiality to investigate sediment remediation have been discussed, offering new perspective on how the use of m-cosms can be useful for the development of practical application in the development of solutions for contaminated sediment management in the contaminated marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Albarano
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Centro Servizi Metrologici e Tecnologici Avanzati (CeSMA), Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
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Lv B, Wang C, Hou J, Wang P, Miao L, Xing B. Development of a comprehensive understanding of aggregation-settling movement of CeO 2 nanoparticles in natural waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113584. [PMID: 31733953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Parameters such as the settling rate, aggregation rate, and collision frequency in predictive models used to describe the fate of nanoparticles (NPs) are very important for the risk assessment of NPs in the environment. In this study, CeO2 NPs were chosen as the model particles to investigate such parameters through aggregation-settling experiments under environmentally relevant conditions. The results indicate that natural colloids (Ncs) have no effect on the settling of NPs in seawaters, whereas they stabilize the NPs at a low initial particle concentration and promote the heteroaggregation of NPs at a high initial particle concentration in lake waters. In all cases, a suspended sediment absorbs the NPs and Ncs as mixed aggregates, resulting in a rapid settling. Furthermore, the calculation results of the model indicate that the shear force increases the collision frequency of the NPs by 4-5 orders of magnitude higher than that in quiescent waters. However, the break-up effect by the shear force is more obvious, namely, the shear force hinders the aggregation of NPs in natural waters, instead of promoting aggregation. Remarkably, a negative value of the dis-heteroaggregation rate based on the combined von Smoluchowski-Stokes equation can reflect the hindering effect on the aggregation process. The results of this study will provide scientific and accurate guidance for the parameter selection in the existing prediction model and contribute to a prediction of the fate and transport of NPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
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Park SJ, Kang K, Lee CG, Choi JW. Remediation of metal-contaminated marine sediments using active capping with limestone, steel slag, and activated carbon: a laboratory experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:3479-3491. [PMID: 29774827 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1478886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to assess the effectiveness of limestone (LS), steel slag (SS), and activated carbon (AC) as capping materials to sequester trace metals including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in heavily contaminated marine sediments and to minimize the release of these metals into the water column. A flat flow tank was filled with 10 mm of capping material, contaminated sediments, and seawater, and the metal concentrations were monitored over 32 d. After completion of the flow tank experiments, the sediments below the capping material were sampled and were sequentially extracted. SS effectively reduced the As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and particularly Cd elution from the contaminated sediments to the overlying seawater. Adsorption and surface precipitation were the key mechanisms for interrupting the release of cationic trace metals by SS. LS was appropriate for interrupting the release of only Cu and Pb with high hydrolysis reaction constants. AC capping could interrupt the release of Cr, Cu, Ni, and particularly Zn from the sediments by binding with the metals via electrostatic interaction. The results obtained from the sequential extraction revealed that LS capping is appropriate for stabilizing Zn, whereas AC is appropriate for Cd and Pb. LS, SS, and AC can be applied effectively for remediation of sediments contaminated by trace metals because it interrupts their release and stabilizes the trace metals in the sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jik Park
- Department of Bioresources and Rural System Engineering, Hankyong National University , Anseong , Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Environmental Science, Hankyong National University , Anseong , Korea
| | - Ku Kang
- Graduate School of Future Convergence Technology, Hankyong National University , Anseong , Korea
| | - Chang-Gu Lee
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Jae-Woo Choi
- Center for Water Resource Cycle Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul , Korea
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23
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Sarma H, Sonowal S, Prasad MNV. Plant-microbiome assisted and biochar-amended remediation of heavy metals and polyaromatic compounds ─ a microcosmic study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:288-299. [PMID: 30947032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The study has been carried out to develop a plant-microbes assisted remediation technology to accelerate polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation and heavy metals (HMs) removal in a microcosmic experiment. The quaternary mixture of PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, and benzo[a] pyrene) and metals (Cr, Ni, and Pb) spiked the soil, constructing a microcosm; the microcosms were bioaugmented with newly developed plant bacterial consortia (Cpm1 and Cpm2). The microcosms were amended with biochar (sieved particle size 0.5-2 mm) as redox regulators to reduce oxidative stress of plant-microbe systems. To formulate the two plant-bacterial consortia, plant species were collected and bacteria were isolated from oil spill soil. The bacterial strains used in two formulated consortia includes ─ Cpm1 (Enterobacter cloacae HS32, Brevibacillus reuszeri HS37, and Stenotrophomonas sp. HS16) and Cpm2 (Acinetobacter junii HS29, Enterobacter aerogenes HS39 and Enterobacter asburiae HS22). The PAHs degradation and metal removal efficacy of the consortia (Cpm1 and Cpm2) were studied after 24 weeks of trial. The physicochemical properties of microcosm's soil (M2 and M3) were assessed after experimentation, which resulted in the finding that the soil exhibits dropped in pH from basic to neutral after application of the plant microbe's consortium. The electrical conductivity was lower in M2 and M3 soils, with a range between 1.60 and 1.80 mS/cm after the treatment. The Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) results illustrate how metabolites with the different molecular weight (M.W) were found in M2 and M3 soils (184─446), as a result of the plant-microbes mediated rhizodegradation of four spiked PAHs. The metals in microcosm's soil are very low in concentration after 24 weeks of trial when compared to control(M1). The Cr, Ni and Pb removal percentages were found in 45.79, 42.19 and 44.85 in M2. However, the removal percentages were found to be 45.41, 41.47 and 44.25 respectively for these same HMs in M3 soil. Both the consortia that were newly developed showed similar trends of metals removal and PAHs degradation. This study provides a breakthrough in the area of rhizosphere engineering with the goal of maintaining a sustainable application of plant-microbes in ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemen Sarma
- Department of Botany, N N Saikia College, Titabar, 785630, Assam, India.
| | - S Sonowal
- Department of Botany, N N Saikia College, Titabar, 785630, Assam, India
| | - M N V Prasad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telengana, India
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24
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Oleszczuk P, Rakowska M, Bucheli TD, Godlewska P, Reible DD. Combined Effects of Plant Cultivation and Sorbing Carbon Amendments on Freely Dissolved PAHs in Contaminated Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4860-4868. [PMID: 30920807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report freely dissolved concentrations ( Cfree) of PAHs in soils amended with 2.5% biochar and activated carbon (AC) during a long-term (18-months) field experiment. The study evaluates also the impact of different plants (clover, grass, willow) on Cfree PAHs. The cumulative effect of treatments on nitrogen and available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium is also assessed. The direct addition of biochar to soil did not cause any immediate reduction of the sum of 16 Cfree PAHs, while AC resulted in a slight reduction of 5- and 6 ring compounds. The efficiency of binding of Cfree PAHs by biochar and AC increased with time. For biochar, the maximum reduction of 4-6-ring PAHs (18-67%) was achieved within 6 months. For 2- and 3-ring PAHs, a gradual decrease of Cfree was observed which reached 60-66% at 18 months. AC proved to be better in reducing Cfree PAHs than biochar, though for 2- and 3-ring PAHs, the differences in AC and biochar performances were smaller than those for 4-6-ring PAHs. After 18 months, a significantly lower content of Cfree PAHs was observed in the soil with plants compared to the unplanted soil. Except for potassium, AC or biochar did not negatively impact nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska , Square, 20-031 Lublin , Poland
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , United States
| | - Magdalena Rakowska
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , United States
| | - Thomas D Bucheli
- Agroscope, Environmental Analytics , Reckenholzstrasse 191 , 8046 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Paulina Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry , Faculty of Chemistry , 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska , Square, 20-031 Lublin , Poland
| | - Danny D Reible
- Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409 , United States
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25
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Abel S, Akkanen J. Novel, Activated Carbon-Based Material for in-Situ Remediation of Contaminated Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3217-3224. [PMID: 30781950 PMCID: PMC6727589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Applying activated carbon (AC) to contaminated sediments is an in-situ approach to remediation with great potential. The bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants can be rapidly reduced and kept low over long periods of time. However, there are limitations to the method. The high buoyancy of AC particles makes their application difficult in the field, and AC retention on the amended site can be low in turbulent waters. Furthermore, the fine particles of powdered AC (PAC) can have adverse effects on organisms, but their remediation potential is superior to coarser, granular ACs (GAC). To tackle these shortcomings, a novel sorbent material was developed, consisting of PAC embedded into a stable, granular clay-matrix, significantly reducing buoyancy. These AC-clay granules (ACC-G) were tested for remediation potential (PCB-bioaccumulation reduction) and adverse effects on the benthic invertebrates Chironomus riparius and Lumbriculus variegatus. The novel ACC-G material was compared to GAC of the same particle size, the clay-matrix, and PAC. The findings show that ACC-G has a significantly higher remediation potential than GAC, allowing for reductions in PCB-bioaccumulation of up to 89%. Adverse effects could not be totally eliminated with ACC-G, but they were less severe than with PAC, likely due to the increased particle size.
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26
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Capozzi SL, Bodenreider C, Prieto A, Payne RB, Sowers KR, Kjellerup BV. Colonization and growth of dehalorespiring biofilms on carbonaceous sorptive amendments. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:50-58. [PMID: 30786761 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1563892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from contaminated sediments is a priority due to accumulation in the food chain. Recent success with reduction of PCB bioavailability due to adsorption onto activated carbon led to the recognition of in situ treatment as a remediation approach. In this study, reduced bioavailability and subsequent break-down of PCBs in dehalorespiring biofilms was investigated using Dehalobium chlorocoercia DF1. DF1 formed a patchy biofilm ranging in thickness from 3.9 to 6.7 µm (average 4.6 ± 0.87 µm), while the biofilm coverage varied from 5.5% (sand) to 20.2% (activated carbon), indicating a preference for sorptive materials. Quantification of DF1 biofilm bacteria showed 1.2-15.3 × 109 bacteria per gram of material. After 22 days, coal activated carbon, bone biochar, polyoxymethylene, and sand microcosms had dechlorinated 73%, 93%, 100%, and 83%, respectively. These results show that a biofilm-based inoculum for bioaugmentation of PCBs in sediment can be an efficient approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci L Capozzi
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
- b Geosyntec Consultants , Columbia , MD , USA
| | - Coline Bodenreider
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Ana Prieto
- c Department of Civil Engineering , Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Rayford B Payne
- d Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology , University of Maryland Baltimore County , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Kevin R Sowers
- d Department of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology , University of Maryland Baltimore County , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Birthe Veno Kjellerup
- a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
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27
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Harmsen J, Rietra RPJJ. 25 years monitoring of PAHs and petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:229-238. [PMID: 29800823 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in sediment and soil has been monitored on seven experimental fields during periods up to 25 years. With this unique dataset, we investigated long-term very slow biodegradation under field conditions. . The data show that three biodegradation rates can be distinguished for PAHs: 1) rapid degradation during the first year, 2) slow degradation during the following 6 years and 3), subject of this paper, a very slow degradation after 7 years until at least 25 years. Beside 2-, 3- and 4-ring PAHs, also 5- and 6-ring PAHs (aromatic rings) were degraded, all at the same rate during very slow degradation. In the period of very slow degradation, 6% yr-1 of the PAHs present were removed in five fields and 2% yr-1 in two other fields, while in the same period no very slow degradation of TPH could be observed. The remaining petroleum hydrocarbons were high boiling and non-toxic. Using the calculated degradation rates and the independently measured bioavailability of the PAHs (Tenax-method), the PAHs degradation curves of all seven monitored fields could be modelled. Applying the model and data obtained with the Tenax-method for fresh contaminated material, results of long-term biodegradation can be predicted, which can support the use of bioremediation in order to obtain a legally acceptable residual concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop Harmsen
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - René P J J Rietra
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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28
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Li R, Tan H, Zhang L, Wang S, Wang Y, Yu K. The implications of water extractable organic matter (WEOM) on the sorption of typical parent, alkyl and N/O/S-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by microplastics. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:176-182. [PMID: 29550435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics sorption of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) was the core processes that cause negative effects to biota, and their influencing factors and related mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the impacts of water extractable organic matter (WEOM), an important source of endogenous dissolved organic matter in mangrove sediment, on the sorption coefficients of typical parent, alkyl and N/O/S-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by microplastics. The presence of L-WEOM (D) impeded the PAHs sorption as the coefficients (Kf) decreased to 10.17 (μg/kg)/(μg/L)n and to 8.39 (μg/kg)/(μg/L)n for fluorene (Flu) and 1-methyl-fluorene (1-M-Flu), respectively. The Kf exhibited good linear relationships with the aliphaticity of L-WEOM (p < 0.05) rather than the aromatic carbon/alkyl carbon content (p > 0.05). Under the presences of L-WEOM (D), (S) and (K), the lone pair electrons of N/O/S-containing PAHs was the dominant factor contributing to the obvious difference of the Kf values from the other groups. Moreover, the largest impact of L-WEOM (D) on the Flu sorption was in the case of PVC microplastics, while almost no effect was in the case of PS microplastics. The findings of our work may be helpful in improving our understanding of the role of WEOM on the sorption of PAHs to microplastics in the field mangrove sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilong Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Huadong Tan
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 361102, PR China; Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou 571737, PR China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Kefu Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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29
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Kirtay V, Conder J, Rosen G, Magar V, Grover M, Arblaster J, Fetters K, Chadwick B. Performance of an in situ activated carbon treatment to reduce PCB availability in an active harbor. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:1767-1777. [PMID: 29480553 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ amendment of surface sediment with activated carbon is a promising technique for reducing the availability of hydrophobic organic compounds in surface sediment. The present study evaluated the performance of a logistically challenging activated carbon placement in a high-energy hydrodynamic environment adjacent to and beneath a pier in an active military harbor. Measurements conducted preamendment and 10, 21, and 33 months (mo) postamendment using in situ exposures of benthic invertebrates and passive samplers indicated that the targeted 4% (by weight) addition of activated carbon (particle diameter ≤74 µm) in the uppermost 10 cm of surface sediment reduced polychlorinated biphenyl availability by an average (± standard deviation) of 81 ± 11% in the first 10 mo after amendment. The final monitoring event (33 mo after amendment) indicated an approximate 90 ± 6% reduction in availability, reflecting a slight increase in performance and showing the stability of the amendment. Benthic invertebrate census and sediment profile imagery did not indicate significant differences in benthic community ecological metrics among the preamendment and 3 postamendment monitoring events, supporting existing scientific literature that this approximate activated carbon dosage level does not significantly impair native benthic invertebrate communities. Recommendations for optimizing typical site-specific assessments of activated carbon performance are also discussed and include quantifying reductions in availability and confirming placement of activated carbon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1767-1777. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Kirtay
- Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, US Department of the Navy, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jason Conder
- Geosyntec Consultants, Huntington Beach, California, USA
| | - Gunther Rosen
- Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, US Department of the Navy, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Bart Chadwick
- Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, US Department of the Navy, San Diego, California, USA
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30
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Abel S, Akkanen J. A Combined Field and Laboratory Study on Activated Carbon-Based Thin Layer Capping in a PCB-Contaminated Boreal Lake. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4702-4710. [PMID: 29606006 PMCID: PMC6150667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The in situ remediation of aquatic sediments with activated carbon (AC)-based thin layer capping is a promising alternative to traditional methods, such as sediment dredging. Applying a strong sorbent like AC directly to the sediment can greatly reduce the bioavailability of organic pollutants. To evaluate the method under realistic field conditions, a 300 m2 plot in the PCB-contaminated Lake Kernaalanjärvi, Finland, was amended with an AC cap (1.6 kgAC/m2). The study lake showed highly dynamic sediment movements over the monitoring period of 14 months. This led to poor retention and rapid burial of the AC cap under a layer of contaminated sediment from adjacent sites. As a result, the measured impact of the AC amendment was low: Both the benthic community structure and PCB bioaccumulation were similar on the plot and in surrounding reference sites. Corresponding follow-up laboratory studies using Lumbriculus variegatus and Chironomus riparius showed that long-term remediation success is possible, even when an AC cap is covered with contaminated sediment. To retain a measurable effectiveness (reduction in contaminant bioaccumulation), a sufficient intensity and depth of bioturbation is required. On the other hand, the magnitude of the adverse effect induced by AC correlated positively with the measured remediation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Abel
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.
Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
- E-mail:
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.
Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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31
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Libralato G, Minetto D, Lofrano G, Guida M, Carotenuto M, Aliberti F, Conte B, Notarnicola M. Toxicity assessment within the application of in situ contaminated sediment remediation technologies: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:85-94. [PMID: 29179080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polluted sediment represents a great problem for aquantic environments with potential direct acute and chronic effects for the biota and can be tackled with both in situ and ex situ treatments. Once dredging activities are not compulsory, sediment can be kept in place and managed with techniques involving the use of amendment and/or capping. Before their application, the assessment of their potential impact to the target environment cannot ignore the safe-by-design approach. The role of toxicity in in situ sediment remediation was reviewed discussing about how it can be used for the selection of amendments and the monitoring of treatment technologies. Results evidenced that capping technology coupled to activated carbon (AC) is the most frequently applied approach with effects varying according to the rate of contamination in treated sediment, the amount of AC used (% v/v), and target biological models considered. Little data are available for zerovalent iron as well as other minor amending agents such as hematite, natural zeolite, biopolymers and organoclays. Current (eco-)toxicological information for in situ sediment remediation technologies is fragmentary and incomplete or entirely missing, making also the interpretation of existing data quite challenging. In situ sediment remediation represents an interesting potentially effective approach for polluted sediment recovering. As its application in some lab-based and field studies reported to induce negative effects for target organisms, amendments and capping agents must be attentively evaluated for short- and long-term environmental effects, also in the perspective of the remediated site monitoring and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Libralato
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Diego Minetto
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giusy Lofrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Carotenuto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Aliberti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia ed. 7, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Conte
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Technical University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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32
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Yang X, Chen Z, Wu Q, Xu M. Enhanced phenanthrene degradation in river sediments using a combination of biochar and nitrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:600-605. [PMID: 29156278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in urban river sediments is a serious problem to ecological systems and human health. We examined novel remediation approaches, using a biochar amendment combined with bioaugmentation or/and nitrate stimulation, to degrade phenanthrene in sediment. Biochar amendment combined with nitrate stimulation enhanced phenanthrene degradation by 2.3 times that of the control and 1.9 times that of biochar alone. Nitrate stimulation altered the microbial succession and encouraged the growth of potential nitrate-reducing PAH-degraders Thiobacillus and Stenotrophomonas. Biochar was an excellent sorbent for phenanthrene and the shelter that it provided PAH-degraders increased contact between phenanthrene and PAH-degraders. Biochar also enhanced the aging effects of phenanthrene and reduced the ecological risk by 7.7% to 11%. These results suggest that biochar amendment combined with nitrate stimulation can achieve high-efficiency phenanthrene degradation in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zefang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qunhe Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Meiying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China
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33
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Butkovskyi A, Sevenou L, Meulepas RJW, Hernandez Leal L, Zeeman G, Rijnaarts HHM. Micropollutant removal from black water and grey water sludge in a UASB-GAC reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1137-1148. [PMID: 29488977 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of granular activated carbon (GAC) addition on the removal of diclofenac, ibuprofen, metoprolol, galaxolide and triclosan in a up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was studied. Prior to the reactor studies, batch experiments indicated that addition of activated carbon to UASB sludge can decrease micropollutant concentrations in both liquid phase and sludge. In continuous experiments, two UASB reactors were operated for 260 days at an HRT of 20 days, using a mixture of source separated black water and sludge from aerobic grey water treatment as influent. GAC (5.7 g per liter of reactor volume) was added to one of the reactors on day 138. No significant difference in COD removal and biogas production between reactors with and without GAC addition was observed. In the presence of GAC, fewer micropollutants were washed out with the effluent and a lower accumulation of micropollutants in sludge and particulate organic matter occurred, which is an advantage in micropollutant emission reduction from wastewater. However, the removal of micropollutants by adding GAC to a UASB reactor would require more activated carbon compared to effluent post-treatment. Additional research is needed to estimate the effect of bioregeneration on the lifetime of activated carbon in a UASB-GAC reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Butkovskyi
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands E-mail: ; Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - L Sevenou
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - R J W Meulepas
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - L Hernandez Leal
- Wetsus, Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O. Box 1113, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - G Zeeman
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands E-mail:
| | - H H M Rijnaarts
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands E-mail:
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Wu Y, Cho YM, Luthy RG, Kim K, Jung J, Gala WR, Choi Y. Assessment of hydrophobic organic contaminant availability in sediments after sorbent amendment and its complete removal. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1380-1387. [PMID: 28943348 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sorbents amended to sediments in situ for sequestration of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) may be swept away from the treated sites due to hydrodynamic forces applied to the sediment surface. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of recovery of HOC availability in sorbent-amended sediment after complete removal of the sorbent. Sediment contact with an easily separable model sorbent Tenax beads for 28 days in a slurry phase resulted in 74-98% reduction in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl availability compared to the untreated controls. HOC availability in the sorbent-treated sediment slightly increased by sorbent removal and after one month of mixing in a slurry phase because the slowly-desorbing HOC fraction was released and repartitioned back to the sediment, partially replenishing the rapidly-desorbing HOC fraction. However, HOC availability did not further increase during an extended mixing period of 12 months suggesting that the repartitioning process was not an infinite source. HOC availability after the 12-month post-treatment mixing for the sorbent-treated sediment was 53-97% lower than that of the untreated sediment because of the combined effect of HOC mass removal from sediment (with the sorbent) and incomplete recovery of available HOC fraction in the sorbent-treated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA
| | - Yeo-Myoung Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA
| | - Richard G Luthy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, USA
| | - Kibeum Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeun Jung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - William R Gala
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324, USA
| | - Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Samuelsson GS, Raymond C, Agrenius S, Schaanning M, Cornelissen G, Gunnarsson JS. Response of marine benthic fauna to thin-layer capping with activated carbon in a large-scale field experiment in the Grenland fjords, Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14218-14233. [PMID: 28421523 PMCID: PMC5486621 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A field experiment with thin-layer capping was conducted in the Grenland fjords, Norway, for remediation in situ of mercury and dioxin-contaminated sediments. Experimental fields at 30 and 95 m depth were capped with (i) powdered activated carbon (AC) mixed with clay (AC+cla`y), (ii) clay, and (iii) crushed limestone. Ecological effects on the benthic community and species-feeding guilds were studied 1 and 14 months after capping, and a total of 158 species were included in the analyses. The results show that clay and limestone had only minor effects on the benthic community, while AC+clay caused severe perturbations. AC+clay reduced the abundance, biomass, and number of species by up to 90% at both 30 and 95 m depth, and few indications of recovery were found during the period of this investigation. The negative effects of AC+clay were observed on a wide range of species with different feeding strategies, although the suspension feeding brittle star Amphiura filiformis was particularly affected. Even though activated carbon is effective in reducing sediment-to-water fluxes of dioxins and other organic pollutants, this study shows that capping with powdered AC can lead to substantial disturbances to the benthic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran S Samuelsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Svensk Ekologikonsult, Vegagatan 3, 113 29, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Caroline Raymond
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Stefan Agrenius
- Department of Marine Sciences-Kristineberg, University of Gothenburg, 451 78, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
| | | | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadium, 0806, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jonas S Gunnarsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abel S, Nybom I, Mäenpää K, Hale SE, Cornelissen G, Akkanen J. Mixing and capping techniques for activated carbon based sediment remediation - Efficiency and adverse effects for Lumbriculus variegatus. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 114:104-112. [PMID: 28229948 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) has been proven to be highly effective for the in-situ remediation of sediments contaminated with a wide range of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). However, adverse biological effects, especially to benthic organisms, can accompany this promising remediation potential. In this study, we compare both the remediation potential and the biological effects of several AC materials for two application methods: mixing with sediment (MIX) at doses of 0.1 and 1.0% based on sediment dw and thin layer capping (TLC) with 0.6 and 1.2 kg AC/m2. Significant dose dependent reductions in PCB bioaccumulation in Lumbriculus variegatus of 35-93% in MIX treatments were observed. Contaminant uptake in TLC treatments was reduced by up to 78% and differences between the two applied doses were small. Correspondingly, significant adverse effects were observed for L. variegatus whenever AC was present in the sediment. The lowest application dose of 0.1% AC in the MIX system reduced L. variegatus growth, and 1.0% AC led to a net loss of organism biomass. All TLC treatments let to a loss of biomass in the test organism. Furthermore, mortality was observed with 1.2 kg AC/m2 doses of pure AC for the TLC treatment. The addition of clay (Kaolinite) to the TLC treatments prevented mortality, but did not decrease the loss in biomass. While TLC treatments pose a less laborious alternative for AC amendments in the field, the results of this study show that it has lower remediation potential and could be more harmful to the benthic fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Abel
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Inna Nybom
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kimmo Mäenpää
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sarah E Hale
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O.Box 3930 Ullevaal, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O.Box 3930 Ullevaal, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; Department of Environmental Sciences and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, 10691 Sweden
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Guo Y, Lai C, Zeng G, Gong J, Su C, Yang C, Xu P. Sequestration of HCHs and DDTs in sediments in Dongting Lake of China with multiwalled carbon nanotubes: implication for in situ sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7726-7739. [PMID: 28124272 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments could be released into water, posing great threats to human health and organisms. In this study, the treatment effectiveness of in situ sequestration of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in sediments was explored using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as adsorbents. Physicochemical tests (aqueous equilibrium concentrations, semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) uptake, and quiescent flux to overlying water) were conducted to evaluate the sequestration effectiveness of MWCNTs. Compared to the control, the MWCNT-treated sediments showed great reductions of HCHs and DDTs in aqueous equilibrium concentrations, SPMD uptake, and quiescent flux to overlying water. And the effects of dose of MWCNTs, diameter of MWCNTs, and contact time between MWCNTs and sediments on sequestration effectiveness were studied. Increased dose, decreased MWCNT diameter, and prolonged contact time resulted in a better sequestration effectiveness. The results indicated that the addition of MWCNTs to sediment could reduce the content of HCHs and DDTs released from sediments, reducing bioavailability of HCHs and DDTs and minimizing risks to ecosystem and human. MWCNTs have potential applications as adsorbents for in situ treatment of OCP-contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Lai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, People's Republic of China
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Bisesi JH, Robinson SE, Lavelle CM, Ngo T, Castillo B, Crosby H, Liu K, Das D, Plazas-Tuttle J, Saleh NB, Ferguson PL, Denslow ND, Sabo-Attwood T. Influence of the Gastrointestinal Environment on the Bioavailability of Ethinyl Estradiol Sorbed to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:948-957. [PMID: 27977933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that, because of their sorptive nature, if single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) make their way into aquatic environments, they may reduce the toxicity of other waterborne contaminants. However, few studies have examined whether contaminants remain adsorbed following ingestion by aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to examine the bioavailability and bioactivity of ethinyl estradiol (EE2) sorbed onto SWCNTs in a fish gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Sorption experiments indicated that SWCNTs effectively adsorbed EE2, but the chemical was still able to bind and activate soluble estrogen receptors (ERs) in vitro. However, centrifugation to remove SWCNTs and adsorbed EE2 significantly reduced ER activity compared to that of EE2 alone. Additionally, the presence of SWCNTs did not reduce the extent of EE2-driven induction of vitellogenin 1 in vivo compared to the levels in organisms exposed to EE2 alone. These results suggest that while SWCNTs adsorb EE2 from aqueous solutions, under biological conditions EE2 can desorb and retain bioactivity. Additional results indicate that interactions with gastrointestinal proteins may decrease the level of adsorption of estrogen to SWCNTs by 5%. This study presents valuable data for elucidating how SWCNTs interact with chemicals that are already present in our aquatic environments, which is essential for determining their potential health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Bisesi
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Sarah E Robinson
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Candice M Lavelle
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Thuy Ngo
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Blake Castillo
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hayleigh Crosby
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Keira Liu
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University , 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnologies (CEINT), Duke University , 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Dipesh Das
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 301 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jamie Plazas-Tuttle
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 301 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas at Austin , 301 East Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Box 90328, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University , 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnologies (CEINT), Duke University , 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Tara Sabo-Attwood
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida , 101 South Newell Drive, Box 100188, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida , 2187 Mowry Road, Box 110885, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Nybom I, Abel S, Mäenpää K, Akkanen J. Effects of activated carbon amended sediment on biological responses in Chironomus riparius multi-generation testing. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 318:388-395. [PMID: 27450330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of activated carbon (AC) amendments in sediments were studied with the midge Chironomus riparius. The effects on larvae growth were studied using three different AC particles sizes (PAC: 90% <63μm, MAC: ø 63-200μm and GAC: ø 420-1700μm). The long- term effects of MAC were studied in an emergence experiment over two generations (P, F1), together with larvae growth experiment over three generations (P, F1, F2). Retarded growth and development of the larvae were observed in the two smallest particle sizes (PAC and MAC), as well as morphological changes in the gut wall microvilli layer studied from transmission electron micrographs. In addition, at high AC treatments the larvae reaching fourth instar stage were of a smaller size compared to the controls. With PAC treatment AC amendment dosages higher than 1% of sediment dry weight induced mortality. In the emergence experiment there was an indication of a delay in F1 generation emergence. Male dry weight (dw) in P generation was significantly reduced in the 2.5% MAC treatment. The effects of AC amendments were more obvious in the C. riparius larvae compared to the effects seen in emerging adults exposed to AC-amended sediment during the larval stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Nybom
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Sebastian Abel
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kimmo Mäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Zielińska A, Oleszczuk P. Attenuation of phenanthrene and pyrene adsorption by sewage sludge-derived biochar in biochar-amended soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21822-21832. [PMID: 27523043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soils on the sorption of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) by sewage sludge-derived biochars (SS-derived biochars). The SS-derived biochars were added to soils with varying properties as well as with a different degree and source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination. The biochars (BCs) were produced from sewage sludge during pyrolysis at temperatures of 500 °C (BC500) and 700 °C (BC700). The addition of biochars to the soils (5 %, w/w) increased the sorption of PHE from 8.3 to 20.3 % and PYR from 14.5 to 31.7 % by amended soil. BC700 biochar was characterized by better sorption capacity than BC500 biochar. Nevertheless, the presence of soil reduces the effectiveness of biochars in binding the compounds studied. The sorption capacity of the biochars decreased several times after they had been mixed with the soil compared to pure biochars. The study found dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and clay minerals present in the soils to have a significant effect on reducing the efficiency of PHE and PYR sorption by biochar. A greater impact of fouling was observed in the case of BC500 biochar characterized by lower porosity than BC700 biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zielińska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of Maria Skłodowska-Curie, pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
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Kołtowski M, Hilber I, Bucheli TD, Oleszczuk P. Effect of activated carbon and biochars on the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different industrially contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11058-11068. [PMID: 26906001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coal production negatively affects the environment by the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Two soils (KOK and KB) from a coking plant area was investigated and their total PAH concentration was 40 and 17 mg/kg for the sum (∑) 16 US EPA PAHs, respectively. A third soil was sampled from a bitumen plant area and was characterized by 9 mg/kg ∑16 US EPA PAHs. To reduce the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of the PAHs in the soil pore water, active carbon (AC) and two biochars pyrolysed from wheat straw (biochar-S) and willow (biochar-W) were added to the soils at 0.5-5 % (w/w), each. The AC performed best and reduced the Cfree by 51-98 % already at the lowest dose. The biochars needed doses up to 2.5 % to significantly reduce the Cfree by 44-86 % in the biochar-S and by 37-68 % in the biochar-W amended soils. The high black carbon (BC) content of up to 2.3 % in the Silesian soils competed with the sorption sites of the carbon amendments and the performance of the remediation was a consequence of the contaminant's source and the distribution between the BC and the AC/biochars. In contrast, the carbon amendment could best reduce the Cfree in the Lublin soil where the BC content was normal (0.05 %). It is therefore crucial to know the contaminant's source and history of a sample/site to choose the appropriate carbon amendment not only for remediation success but also for economic reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kołtowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Isabel Hilber
- Agroscope ISS, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska, pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
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Kołtowski M, Oleszczuk P. Effect of activated carbon or biochars on toxicity of different soils contaminated by mixture of native polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:1321-1328. [PMID: 26378767 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC), biochar from wheat straw (BCS), and biochar from willow (BCW) were added to the soils sampled from areas of strong anthropogenic influence at doses of 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, or 5% (w/w) and incubated for 2 mo. At the end of this period, the toxicity of the soils was measured. The effect of AC and biochars on the toxicity of the soils varied based on soil, type of amendment, dose, and test organism. For most of the parameters tested, the highest effectiveness of AC in terms of reduction of toxicity was observed in soil POPI (from bitumen processing plant area). In the case of the remaining soils, after the addition of AC varied results were observed, in which a reduction or an increase of toxicity, relative to the control soil, occurred. As in the case of AC, biochars also caused a significant reduction of phytotoxicity of soil POPI. In soils KB (from coking plant area, industrial waste deposit) and KOK (from coking plant area, coking battery), the reduction or increase of toxicity depended on biochar dose. Compared with the biochars, the effectiveness of AC in the reduction of toxicity depended also on soil, type of amendment, dose, and test organism. Generally, the AC was more effective than biochars in relation to mortality and reproduction of Folsomia candida (in all soils) and for reduction of luminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri (in POPI soil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kołtowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Choi Y, Cho YM, Gala WR, Hoelen TP, Werner D, Luthy RG. Decision-making framework for the application of in-situ activated carbon amendment to sediment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 306:184-192. [PMID: 26736169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a decision-support framework and a design methodology for preliminary evaluation of field application of in-situ activated carbon (AC) amendment to sediment to control the (bio)availability of hydrophobic organic contaminants. The decision-making framework comprises four sequential steps: screening assessment, input parameter determination, model prediction, and evaluation for process optimization. The framework allows the application of state-of-the-art experimental and modeling techniques to assess the effectiveness of the treatment under different field conditions and is designed for application as a part of a feasibility study. Through a stepwise process it is possible to assess the effectiveness of in-situ AC amendment with a proper consideration of different site conditions and application scenarios possible in the field. The methodology incorporates the effect of various parameters on performance including: site-specific kinetic coefficients, varied AC dose and particle size, sediment and AC sorption parameters, and pore-water velocity. The modeling framework allows comparison of design alternatives for treatment optimization and estimation of long-term effectiveness over a period of 10-20 years under slow mass transfer in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Yeo-Myoung Cho
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United States
| | - William R Gala
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324, United States
| | - Thomas P Hoelen
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, San Ramon, CA 94583-2324, United States
| | - David Werner
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Luthy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, United States.
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Clements WH, Stahl RG, Landis RC. Ecological Effects of Biochar on the Structure and Function of Stream Benthic Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:14649-14654. [PMID: 26560098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of biochar, activated carbon, and other carbonaceous materials to aquatic ecosystems significantly reduces the toxicity and bioavailability of contaminants. However, previous studies have shown that these materials can have negative effects on aquatic organisms. We conducted field and mesocosm experiments to test the hypothesis that biochar altered the structure and function of stream benthic communities. After 30 d in the field, colonization by stoneflies (Plecoptera) was significantly lower in trays containing biochar compared to the results from the controls. In stream mesocosms, biochar increased macroinvertebrate drift and significantly reduced community metabolism. However, most measures of community composition showed little variation among biochar treatments, and significant responses were limited to a single stonefly species (Capnia confusa). When benthic communities were simultaneously exposed to biochar and Cu, effects were primarily associated with metal exposure. Because it is unlikely that biochar treatments would be employed in uncontaminated areas, these moderately negative effects should be considered within the context of the positive benefits associated with reduced contaminant bioavailability and toxicity. Additional research is necessary to improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for biochar effects on benthic communities and to identify the optimal application rates and size fractions that will maximize contaminant sorption but minimize potential negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Clements
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ralph G Stahl
- DuPont Corporate Remediation Group , Chestnut Run Plaza, 974 Centre Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19805, United States
| | - Richard C Landis
- DuPont Engineering and Technology , Chestnut Run Plaza, 974 Centre Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19805, United States
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Nybom I, Waissi-Leinonen G, Mäenpää K, Leppänen MT, Kukkonen JVK, Werner D, Akkanen J. Effects of activated carbon ageing in three PCB contaminated sediments: Sorption efficiency and secondary effects on Lumbriculus variegatus. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 85:413-21. [PMID: 26364225 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The sorption efficiency and possible secondary effects of activated carbon (AC) (ø 63-200 μm) was studied with Lumbriculus variegatus in three PCB contaminated sediments applying long AC-sediment contact time (3 years). AC amendment efficiently reduced PCB bioavailability as determined with both, L. variegatus bioaccumulation test and passive samplers. However, dose related secondary effects of AC on egestion rate and biomass were observed (applied doses 0.25% and 2.5% sediment dry weight). The sorption capacity and secondary effects remained similar when the experiments were repeated after three years of AC-sediment contact time. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples revealed morphological changes in the L. variegatus gut wall microvilli layer. Sediment properties affected both sorption efficiency and secondary effects, but 2.5% AC addition had significant effects regardless of the sediment. In, conclusion, AC is an efficient and stable sorbent to decrease the bioavailability of PCBs. However, sediment dwelling organisms, such as Oligochaete worms in this study, may be sensitive to the carbon amendments. The secondary effects and possible morphological changes in benthic organisms should not be overlooked as in many cases they form the basis of the aquatic food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Nybom
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Greta Waissi-Leinonen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kimmo Mäenpää
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matti T Leppänen
- Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment Group, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi V K Kukkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David Werner
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
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46
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Georgi A, Schierz A, Mackenzie K, Kopinke FD. Colloidal activated carbon for in-situ groundwater remediation--Transport characteristics and adsorption of organic compounds in water-saturated sediment columns. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 179:76-88. [PMID: 26070009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal activated carbon can be considered as a versatile adsorbent and carrier material for in-situ groundwater remediation. In analogy to other nanoremediation approaches, activated carbon colloids (ACC) can be injected into the subsurface as aqueous suspensions. Deposition of ACC on the sediment creates a sorption barrier against further spreading of hydrophobic pollutants. This study deals with the optimization of ACC and their suspensions with a focus on suspension stability, ACC mobility in saturated porous media and sorption efficiency towards organic contaminants. ACC with an appropriate particle size range (d50=0.8μm) were obtained from a commercial powdered activated carbon product by means of wet-grinding. Among the various methods tested for stabilization of ACC suspensions, addition of humic acid (HA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) showed the best results. Due to electrosteric stabilization by adsorption of CMC, suspensions remained stable even at high ACC concentrations (11gL(-1)) and conditions typical of very hard water (5mM divalent cations). Furthermore, CMC-stabilized ACC showed high mobility in a water-saturated sandy sediment column (filter coefficient λ=0.2m(-1)). Such mobility is a pre-requisite for in-situ installation of sorption or reaction barriers by simple injection-well or direct-push application of ACC suspensions. Column experiments with organic model compounds proved the efficacy of ACC deposits on sediment for contaminant adsorption and retardation under flow-through conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Georgi
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ariette Schierz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, 911 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79405, USA
| | - Katrin Mackenzie
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frank-Dieter Kopinke
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Department of Environmental Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
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47
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Samuelsson GS, Hedman JE, Elmquist Kruså M, Gunnarsson JS, Cornelissen G. Capping in situ with activated carbon in Trondheim harbor (Norway) reduces bioaccumulation of PCBs and PAHs in marine sediment fauna. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 109:103-12. [PMID: 26121661 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Three types of thin-layer caps with activated carbon (AC) were tested in situ in experimental plots (10 × 10 m) in Trondheim harbor, Norway, using AC + clay, AC-only or AC + sand. One year after capping, intact sediment cores were collected from the amended plots for ex situ surveys of the capping efficiency in reducing the PAH and PCB aqueous concentrations and bioaccumulation by the polychaete Hediste diversicolor and the clam Abra nitida. Reduced pore water concentrations were observed in all AC treatments. The capping efficiency was in general AC + clay > AC-only > AC + sand. AC + clay reduced bioaccumulation of PAH and PCB congeners between 40% and 87% in the worms and between 67% and 97% in the clams. Sediment capped with AC-only also led to reduced bioaccumulation of PCBs, while AC + sand showed no reduction in bioaccumulation. Thus the best thin-layer capping method in this study was AC mixed with clay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran S Samuelsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jenny E Hedman
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Elmquist Kruså
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadium, N-0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonas S Gunnarsson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerard Cornelissen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box 3930 Ullevål Stadium, N-0806 Oslo, Norway; Institute for Environmental Science (IMV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Matott LS, Jiang Z, Rabideau AJ, Allen-King RM. Isotherm ranking and selection using thirteen literature datasets involving hydrophobic organic compounds. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2015; 177-178:93-106. [PMID: 25886246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous isotherm expressions have been developed for describing sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), including "dual-mode" approaches that combine nonlinear behavior with a linear partitioning component. Choosing among these alternative expressions for describing a given dataset is an important task that can significantly influence subsequent transport modeling and/or mechanistic interpretation. In this study, a series of numerical experiments were undertaken to identify "best-in-class" isotherms by refitting 10 alternative models to a suite of 13 previously published literature datasets. The corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc) was used for ranking these alternative fits and distinguishing between plausible and implausible isotherms for each dataset. The occurrence of multiple plausible isotherms was inversely correlated with dataset "richness", such that datasets with fewer observations and/or a narrow range of aqueous concentrations resulted in a greater number of plausible isotherms. Overall, only the Polanyi-partition dual-mode isotherm was classified as "plausible" across all 13 of the considered datasets, indicating substantial statistical support consistent with current advances in sorption theory. However, these findings are predicated on the use of the AICc measure as an unbiased ranking metric and the adoption of a subjective, but defensible, threshold for separating plausible and implausible isotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shawn Matott
- University at Buffalo, Center for Computational Research, Buffalo, NY, United States.
| | - Zhengzheng Jiang
- University at Buffalo, Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Alan J Rabideau
- University at Buffalo, Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Buffalo, NY, United States
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49
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Han Z, Sani B, Akkanen J, Abel S, Nybom I, Karapanagioti HK, Werner D. A critical evaluation of magnetic activated carbon's potential for the remediation of sediment impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 286:41-47. [PMID: 25550081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Addition of activated carbon (AC) or biochar (BC) to sediment to reduce the chemical and biological availability of organic contaminants is a promising in-situ remediation technology. But concerns about leaving the adsorbed pollutants in place motivate research into sorbent recovery methods. This study explores the use of magnetic sorbents. A coal-based magnetic activated carbon (MAC) was identified as the strongest of four AC and BC derived magnetic sorbents for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remediation. An 8.1% MAC amendment (w/w, equal to 5% AC content) was found to be as effective as 5% (w/w) pristine AC in reducing aqueous PAHs within three months by 98%. MAC recovery from sediment after three months was 77%, and incomplete MAC recovery had both, positive and negative effects. A slight rebound of aqueous PAH concentrations was observed following the MAC recovery, but aqueous PAH concentrations then dropped again after six months, likely due to the presence of the 23% unrecovered MAC. On the other hand, the 77% recovery of the 8.1% MAC dose was insufficient to reduce ecotoxic effects of fine grained AC or MAC amendment on the egestion rate, growth and reproduction of the AC sensitive species Lumbriculus variegatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhantao Han
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom; Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
| | - Badruddeen Sani
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jarkko Akkanen
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sebastian Abel
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Inna Nybom
- Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | | | - David Werner
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, United Kingdom.
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50
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Kupryianchyk D, Rakowska MI, Reible D, Harmsen J, Cornelissen G, van Veggel M, Hale SE, Grotenhuis T, Koelmans AA. Positioning activated carbon amendment technologies in a novel framework for sediment management. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2015; 11:221-34. [PMID: 25641867 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated sediments can pose serious threats to human health and the environment by acting as a source of toxic chemicals. The amendment of contaminated sediments with strong sorbents like activated C (AC) is a rapidly developing strategy to manage contaminated sediments. To date, a great deal of attention has been paid to the technical and ecological features and implications of sediment remediation with AC, although science in this field still is rapidly evolving. This article aims to provide an update on the recent literature on these features, and provides a comparison of sediment remediation with AC to other sediment management options, emphasizing their full-scale application. First, a qualitative overview of advantages of current alternatives to remediate contaminated sediments is presented. Subsequently, AC treatment technology is critically reviewed, including current understanding of the effectiveness and ecological safety for the use of AC in natural systems. Finally, this information is used to provide a novel framework for supporting decisions concerning sediment remediation and beneficial reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darya Kupryianchyk
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo, Norway
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