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Li M, Gong X, Tan Q, Xie Y, Tong Y, Ma J, Wang D, Ai L, Gong Z. A review of occurrence, bioaccumulation, and fate of novel brominated flame retardants in aquatic environments: A comparison with legacy brominated flame retardants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173224. [PMID: 38763187 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have been developed as replacements for legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). The prevalence of NBFRs in aquatic environments has initiated intense concerns that they resemble to BFRs. To comprehensively elucidate the fate of NBFRs in aquatic environments, this review summarizes the physico-chemical properties, distribution, bioaccumulation, and fates in aquatic environments. 1,2-bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl) ethane (DBDPE) as the major substitute for PBDEs is the primary NBFR. The release from industrial point sources such as e-waste recycling stations is the dominant way for NBFRs to enter the environment, which results in significant differences in the regional distribution of NBFRs. Sediment is the major sink of NBFRs attributed to the high hydrophobicity. Significantly, there is no decreasing trend of NBFRs concentrations, while PBDEs achieved the peak value in 1970-2000 and decreased gradually. The bioaccumulation of NBFRs is reported in both field studies and laboratory studies, which is regulated by the active area, lipid contents, trophic level of aquatic organisms, and the log KOW of NBFRs. The biotransformation of NBFRs showed similar metabolism patterns to that of BFRs, including debromination, hydroxylation, methoxylation, hydrolysis, and glycosylation. In addition, NBFRs show great potential in trophic magnification along the aquatic food chain, which could pose a higher risk to high trophic-level species. The passive uptake by roots dominates the plant uptake of NBFRs, followed by acropetal and basipetal bidirectional transportation between roots and leaves in plants. This review will provide the support to understand the current pollution characteristics of NBFRs and highlight perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xinying Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Qinwen Tan
- Chengdu Research Academy of Environmental Protection Science, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yonghong Xie
- Sichuan Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu 610074, China
| | - Yuanjun Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Junyi Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Lian Ai
- Sichuan Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu 610074, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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Chi G, Zhao H, Zhang X, Li X, Deng Y, Li Z. Uptake, biotransformation and physiological response of TBBPA derivatives in Helianthus annus. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142290. [PMID: 38723691 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives are widely used as brominated flame retardants. Because of their high production and wide environment distribution, TBBPA derivatives have increased considerable concern. Previous studies have primarily focused on TBBPA, with limited information available on its derivative. In this study, we investigated the uptake, biotransformation and physiological response of two derivatives, Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(allyl ether) (TBBPA BAE) and Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropylether) (TBBPA BDBPE), in Helianthus annus (H. annus) through a short-term hydroponic assay. The results revealed that H. annus could absorb TBBPA BAE and TBBPA BDBPE from solution, with removal efficiencies of 98.33 ± 0.5% and 98.49 ± 1.56% after 10 days, respectively, which followed first-order kinetics. TBBPA BAE was absorbed, translocated and accumulated while TBBPA BDBPE couldn't be translocated upward due to its high hydrophobicity and low solubility. The concentrations of TBBPA derivatives in plants peaked within 72 h, and then decreased. We identified twelve metabolites resulting from ether bond breakage, debromination, and hydroxylation in H. annus. The high-level TBBPA BAE suppressed the growth and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of H. annus, while TBBPA BDBPE didn't pose a negative effect on H. annus. TBBPA BAE and TBBPA BDBPE increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), with higher levels of these enzymes activity found in high concentration treatments. Contrastingly, TBBPA BAE exhibited higher toxicity than TBBPA BDBPE, as indicated by greater antioxidant enzyme activity. The findings of this study develop better understanding of biotransformation mechanisms of TBBPA derivatives in plants, contributing to the assessment of the environmental and human health impacts of these contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goujian Chi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Xiaonuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yaxi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhansheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Mori T, Sugimoto S, Ishii S, Wu J, Nakamura A, Dohra H, Nagai K, Kawagishi H, Hirai H. Biotransformation and detoxification of tetrabromobisphenol A by white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133469. [PMID: 38219585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The bulky phenolic compound tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant used in a wide range of products; however, it diffuses into the environment, and has been reported to have toxic effects. Although it is well-known that white-rot fungi degrade TBBPA through ligninolytic enzymes, no other metabolic enzymes have yet been identified, and the toxicity of the reaction products and their risks have not yet been examined. We found that the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 converted TBBPA to TBBPA-O-β-D-glucopyranoside when grown under non-ligninolytic-enzyme-producing conditions. The metabolite showed less cytotoxicity and mitochondrial toxicity than TBBPA in neuroblastoma cells. From molecular biological and genetic engineering experiments, two P. sordida glycosyltransferases (PsGT1c and PsGT1e) that catalyze the glycosylation of TBBPA were newly identified; these enzymes showed dramatically different glycosylation activities for TBBPA and bisphenol A. The results of computational analyses indicated that the difference in substrate specificity is likely due to differences in the structure of the substrate-binding pocket. It appears that P. sordida YK-624 takes up TBBPA, and reduces its cytotoxicity via these glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Mori
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sugimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Syouma Ishii
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Jing Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakamura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hideo Dohra
- Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kaoru Nagai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Hangi-cho, Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirai
- Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; Faculty of Global Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
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Sun CS, Yuan SW, Hou R, Zhang SQ, Huang QY, Lin L, Li HX, Liu S, Cheng YY, Li ZH, Xu XR. First insights into the bioaccumulation, biotransformation and trophic transfer of typical tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) analogues along a simulated aquatic food chain. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133390. [PMID: 38163409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) analogues have been investigated for their prevalent occurrence in environments and potential hazardous effects to humans and wildlife; however, there is still limited knowledge regarding their toxicokinetics and trophic transfer in aquatic food chains. Using a developed toxicokinetic model framework, we quantified the bioaccumulation, biotransformation and trophic transfer of tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) and tetrabromobisphenol A di(allyl ether) (TBBPA-DAE) during trophic transfer from brine shrimp (Artemia salina) to zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results showed that the two TBBPA analogues could be readily accumulated by brine shrimp, and the estimated bioconcentration factor (BCF) value of TBBPS (5.68 L kg-1 ww) was higher than that of TBBPA-DAE (1.04 L kg-1 ww). The assimilation efficiency (AE) of TBBPA-DAE in zebrafish fed brine shrimp was calculated to be 16.3%, resulting in a low whole-body biomagnification factor (BMF) in fish (0.684 g g-1 ww). Based on the transformation products screened using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS), oxidative debromination and hydrolysis were identified as the major transformation pathways of TBBPS, while the biotransformation of TBBPA-DAE mainly took place through ether bond breaking and phase-II metabolism. Lower accumulation of TBBPA as a metabolite than its parent chemical was observed in both brine shrimp and zebrafish, with metabolite parent concentration factors (MPCFs) < 1. The investigated BCFs for shrimp of the two TBBPA analogues were only 3.77 × 10-10 - 5.59 × 10-3 times of the theoretical Kshrimp-water based on the polyparameter linear free energy relationships (pp-LFERs) model, and the BMF of TBBPA-DAE for fish was 0.299 times of the predicted Kshrimp-fish. Overall, these results indicated the potential of the trophic transfer in bioaccumulation of specific TBBPA analogues in higher trophic-level aquatic organisms and pointed out biotransformation as an important mechanism in regulating their bioaccumulation processes. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The internal concentration of a pollutant in the body determines its toxicity to organisms, while bioaccumulation and trophic transfer play important roles in elucidating its risks to ecosystems. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) analogues have been extensively investigated for their adverse effects on humans and wildlife; however, there is still limited knowledge regarding their toxicokinetics and trophic transfer in aquatic food chains. This study investigated the bioaccumulation, biotransformation and trophic transfer of TBBPS and TBBPA-DAE in a simulated di-trophic food chain. This state-of-art study will provide a reference for further research on this kind of emerging pollutant in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng-Wu Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Si-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qian-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Lang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Heng-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Xiang-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu X, Yu Y, Meng W, Huang J, Su G, Zhong Y, Yu X, Sun J, Jin L, Peng P, Zhu L. Aerobic Microbial Transformation of Fluorinated Liquid Crystal Monomer: New Pathways and Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:510-521. [PMID: 38100654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated liquid crystal monomers (FLCMs) have been suggested as emerging contaminants, raising global concern due to their frequent occurrence, potential toxic effects, and endurance capacity in the environment. However, the environmental fate of the FLCMs remains unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the aerobic microbial transformation mechanisms of an important FLCM, 4-[difluoro(3,4,5-trifluorophenoxy)methyl]-3, 5-difluoro-4'-propylbiphenyl (DTMDPB), using an enrichment culture termed as BG1. Our findings revealed that 67.5 ± 2.1% of the initially added DTMDPB was transformed in 10 days under optimal conditions. A total of 14 microbial transformation products obtained due to a series of reactions (e.g., reductive defluorination, ether bond cleavage, demethylation, oxidative hydroxylation and aromatic ring opening, sulfonation, glucuronidation, O-methylation, and thiolation) were identified. Consortium BG1 harbored essential genes that could transform DTMDPB, such as dehalogenation-related genes [e.g., glutathione S-transferase gene (GST), 2-haloacid dehalogenase gene (2-HAD), nrdB, nuoC, and nuoD]; hydroxylating-related genes hcaC, ubiH, and COQ7; aromatic ring opening-related genes ligB and catE; and methyltransferase genes ubiE and ubiG. Two DTMDPB-degrading strains were isolated, which are affiliated with the genus Sphingopyxis and Agromyces. This study provides a novel insight into the microbial transformation of FLCMs. The findings of this study have important implications for the development of bioremediation strategies aimed at addressing sites contaminated with FLCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifen Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Weikun Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Jiahui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Jianteng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Xu X, Han W. Analysis of tetrabromobisphenol A and bisphenol A in plant sample-method optimization and identification of the derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28241-1. [PMID: 37335514 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28241-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most abundant brominated flame retardant and bisphenol A (BPA) is often identified as the metabolic product of TBBPA. Both of them are highly bioconcentrated and show serious biological toxicity. In this study, an analytical method was optimized to simultaneously determine TBBPA and BPA in plant samples. Moreover, the uptake and metabolism of TBBPA in maize were investigated through hydroponic exposure experiment. The whole analysis procedure included ultrasonic extraction, lipid removal, purification by solid-phase extraction cartridge, derivatization, and detection by GC/MS. Optimizations were conducted for each pretreatment step above. After improvement, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was chosen as the extraction solvent; the lipid removal was conducted by repartition between organic solvent and alkaline solution. The best suitable pH condition is 2-2.5 for the inorganic solvent before used for further purification by HLB and silica column with the optimized elute solvent of acetone and mixtures of acetone and hexane (1:1), respectively. The recoveries of TBBPA and BPA spiked in maize samples were 69±4% and 66±4% with the relative standard deviation less than 5%, respectively, for the entire treatment procedure. Limits of detections were 4.10 ng/g and 0.13 ng/g for TBBPA and BPA in plant samples, respectively. In the hydroponic exposure experiment (100 μg/L, 15 d), the concentrations of TBBPA in maize cultivated in pH 5.8 and pH 7.0 Hoagland solutions were 1.45 and 0.89 μg/g in roots and 8.45 and 6.34 ng/g in stems, while they were all below the detection limit for leaves, respectively. The distribution of TBBPA in different tissues was as the following order: root>>stem>leaf, illustrating the accumulation in the root and the translocation to the stem. The uptake variations under different pH conditions were attributed to the change of TBBPA species, now that it shows greater hydrophobicity at lower pH condition as a kind of ionic organic contaminant. Monobromobisphenol A and dibromobisphenol A were identified as metabolisms products of TBBPA in maize. The efficiency and simplicity of the method that we proposed characterize its potential application as a screening tool for environmental monitoring and contribute to a comprehensive study of the environmental behavior of TBBPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Xu
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resource, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Wei Han
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, No. 1, Yuhui South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Jiang Y, Wang Q, Du Y, Yang D, Xu J, Yan C. Occurrence and Distribution of Tetrabromobisphenol A and Diversity of Microbial Community Structure in the Sediments of Mangrove. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050757. [PMID: 37237569 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution characteristics of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its relationship with microbial community diversity in different mangrove sediments need further investigation. The results of this study indicated levels of TBBPA in mangrove sediments from the Zhangjiang Estuary (ZJ), Jiulongjiang Estuary (JLJ), and Quanzhou Bay (QZ) in Southeast China ranging from 1.80 to 20.46, 3.47 to 40.77, and 2.37 to 19.83 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Mangrove sediments from JLJ contained higher levels of TBBPA, possibly due to agricultural pollution. A correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and TBBPA distribution in ZJ and JLJ mangrove sediments, but not in QZ mangrove sediments. TOC significantly affected the distribution of TBBPA in mangrove sediments, but pH had no effect. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that Pseudomonadota dominated the sediment bacteria followed by Chloroflexota, Actinobacteota, Bacillota, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Aminicenantes in mangrove sediments. Although the microbial community structure of the ZJ, JLJ, and QZ mangrove sediments was similar, the taxonomic profile of their sensitive responders differed markedly. The genus Anaerolinea was dominant in the mangrove sediments and was responsible for the in situ dissipation of TBBPA. Based on redundancy analysis, there was a correlation between TBBPA, TOC, TN, C/N, pH, and microbial community structure at the genus level. Combining TBBPA, TN, and TOC may induce variations in the microbial community of mangrove sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Jiang
- PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Ltd., Hangzhou 311122, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yunling Du
- PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Ltd., Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Dong Yang
- PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Ltd., Hangzhou 311122, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Dong J, Li G, Gao J, Zhang H, Bi S, Liu S, Liao C, Jiang G. Catalytic degradation of brominated flame retardants in the environment: New techniques and research highlights. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157695. [PMID: 35908699 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extensive commercial use of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), human beings are chronically exposed to BFRs, causing great harms to human health, which imposes urgent demands to degrade them in the environment. Among various degradation techniques, catalytic degradation has been proven to be outstanding because of its rapidness and effectiveness. Therefore, much attention has been given to catalytic degradation, especially the extensively studied photocatalytic degradation and nanocatalytic reduction techniques. Recently, some novel advanced catalytic techniques have been developed and show excellent catalytic degradation efficiency for BFRs, including natural substances catalytic degradation, new Fenton catalytic degradation, new chemical reagent catalytic degradation, new material catalytic degradation, electrocatalytic degradation, plasma catalytic degradation, and composite catalytic degradation systems. In addition to the common features of traditional catalytic techniques, these novel techniques possess their own specific advantages in various aspects. Therefore, this review summarized the degradation mechanism of BFRs by the above new catalytic degradation methods under the laboratory conditions, simulated real environment, and real environment conditions, and further evaluated their advantages and disadvantages, aiming to provide some research ideas for the catalytic degradation of BFRs in the environment in the future. We suggested that more attention should focus on features of novel catalytic techniques, including eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and pragmatic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shihao Bi
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250062, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Yang Y, Zhang M, Gao Y, Chen H, Cui J, Yu Y, Ma S. Identification and occurrence of TBBPA and its debromination and O-methylation transformation products in sediment, fish and whelks from a typical e-waste dismantling site. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155249. [PMID: 35427616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its debromination (∑BBPA) and O-methylation (∑MeO-TBBPA) products were widely detected in matched sediments, fish, and whelks samples collected from a typical electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling site in Southern China, with concentrations ranging from 19.8 to 1.52 × 104, 8.05 to 1.84 × 103, and 0.08 to 11.9 ng/g dry weight in sediments, and 6.96 to 1.97 × 105, 3.84 to 7.07 × 103, and 3.42 to 472 ng/g lipid in biotas, for TBBPA, ∑BBPA, and ∑MeO-TBBPA, respectively. Significantly higher concentrations of these targets were found in samples collected close to the e-waste site, indicating their potential e-waste sources. Tri-BBPA was the most abundant debromination products in sediments, whereas diMeO-TBBPA was the dominant O-methylation product in biotas. Relatively higher levels of diMeO-TBBPA found in liver and kidneys, suggesting these chemicals might be mainly derived from the in vivo biotransformation. Furthermore, significantly higher biota-sediment accumulation factor values were found for diMeO-TBBPA than these of TBBPA, indicating that O-methylation would increases their accumulation in aquatic organisms. Our study provides insights into the accumulation and biotransformation of TBBPA in aquatic systems. Further studies should pay attention to the occurrence as well as potential health risks of these transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haojia Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Juntao Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shengtao Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou 515041, China.
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10
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Wang Z, Song L, Jin S, Ye N, Zhang F, Luo T, Wang DG. Dissolved organic matter heightens the toxicity of tetrabromobisphenol A to aquatic organisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:725-734. [PMID: 35357622 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a new type of persistent organic pollutant, which causes environmental pollution and health problems, and has attracted the attention of the international research community. Once released into the environment, TBBPA can interact with dissolved organic matter (DOM), which affects its behavior. However, the effect of DOM on the biological toxicity of TBBPA remains unclear. The toxic effects of TBBPA on three model aquatic organisms (Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Daphnia magna, and Danio rerio), in the absence and presence of DOM were investigated. The order of acute toxicity of TBBPA to the three aquatic organisms was D. magna > D. rerio > C. pyrenoidosa. In the presence of DOM the median effect/lethal concentrations values of TBBPA to the three aquatic organisms decreased by at least 32 (C. pyrenoidosa), 52 (D. magna), and 6.6% (D. rerio), implying that DOM enhanced the acute toxicity of TBBPA to all the organisms. Moreover, the higher the concentration of DOM, the higher the acute toxicity of TBBPA. Furthermore, the presence of DOM increased total reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by TBBPA in a concentration-dependent manner. A tracking analysis of total ROS in the three aquatic organisms also showed that the presence of DOM aggravated the accumulation of total ROS induced by TBBPA, indicating that oxidative stress is a characteristic mechanism of toxicity of TBBPA to aquatic organisms when DOM is present. In addition, the evaluated risk quotient indicated that the ecological risk of TBBPA to aquatic organisms can increase in environments rich in DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Lan Song
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shiguang Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 210044, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianlie Luo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, 610059, Chengdu, China
| | - De-Gao Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China
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11
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Feng M, Zhou J, Yu X, Mao W, Guo Y, Wang H. Insights into biodegradation mechanisms of triphenyl phosphate by a novel fungal isolate and its potential in bioremediation of contaminated river sediment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127545. [PMID: 34879531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 isolated from soil was verified to be a novel triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) degrader. Biodegradation efficiency of TPhP by Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 exceeded 90% within 6 days under the optimal conditions (pH 4-9, 30 ℃, initial concentration less than 20 mg/L). Proteomics analysis uncovered the proteins perhaps involved in hydrolysis, hydroxylation, methylation and sulfonation of TPhP and the primary intracellular adaptive responses of Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 to TPhP stress. The expression of carboxylic ester hydrolase along with several thioredoxin- and glutathione-dependent oxidoreductases were induced to withstand the toxicity of TPhP. The presence of TPhP also caused obvious upregulation of proteins concerned with glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Data from toxicological tests confirmed that the cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity of TPhP was effectively decreased after treatment with Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1. Additionally, bioaugmentation with Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 was available for promoting TPhP removal in real water and water-sediment system. Collectively, the present study offered a deeper insight into the biodegradation mechanism and pathway of TPhP by a newly screened fungal strain Aspergillus sydowii FJH-1 and validated the feasibility of applying this novel degrader in the bioremediation of TPhP-polluted matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agroenvironmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
| | - Jiahua Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yushuo Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China
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12
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Škufca D, Prosenc F, Griessler Bulc T, Heath E. Removal and fate of 18 bisphenols in lab-scale algal bioreactors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:149878. [PMID: 34508933 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The removal of 18 bisphenols at wastewater relevant concentrations (μg L-1 range) was investigated and compared between Chlorella vulgaris cultures with pH adjusted to 6.8 and pH non-adjusted cultures where pH raised to above 10. Bisphenols with a high partition coefficient (log P > 6) partitioned to biomass soon after spiking, whereas bisphenols with a low partition coefficient (log P < 4) remained largely in the aqueous phase. Hydrophobic bisphenols and BPF isomers were removed to a large degree in pH adjusted conditions, while BPS and BPAF were the most recalcitrant. The overall average removal after 13 days was similar in both experiments, with 72 ± 2% and 73 ± 5% removed in pH non-adjusted and pH adjusted series, respectively. The removal correlated with chlorophyll a concentration for most bisphenols meaning that algae played a crucial role in their removal, while culture pH also governed the removal of some compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Škufca
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franja Prosenc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Griessler Bulc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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Yanagisawa H, Sasaki K, Sasaki Y, Omata A, Ichino R, Fujimaki S. Photometric Screening of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Resin Using Iron(III) Nitrate/Hexacyanoferrate(III) Mixture as a Colorimetric Reagent. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1815-1819. [PMID: 34148922 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21n021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to provide a simple way to identify the possibility of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) present in polymers without the need for complicated separation with expensive equipment. Since the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups is known to be identifiable by the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in a ferric coloring reagent, the possibility of TBBPA being present in a polymer can be screened by a photometric measurement. A mixed solution of iron(III) nitrate and potassium hexacyanide(III) acid was used as a ferric coloring reagent. With this method, the concentration of TBBPA can be estimated from the photometric absorbance corresponding to the depth of the blue color produced by reduction of the ferric reagent in the presence of Fe(NO3)3. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be approximately 2 mg/kg using the Student's t-test (99% confidence), and a reproducibility of approximately 3% was determined by the relative standard deviation (RSD) from measurements of calibration samples (n = 7). Furthermore, TBBPA in actual polymer samples was screened without the need for any complex processing steps. Because this colorimetric method measures TBBPA by detecting phenolic groups, it may overestimate the TBBPA concentration in the presence of other similar phenolic substances. Nonetheless, this simple colorimetric method should help to quickly identify the presence of TBBPA in various polymers.
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14
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Choi Y, Jeon J, Kim SD. Identification of biotransformation products of organophosphate ester from various aquatic species by suspect and non-target screening approach. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117201. [PMID: 34015574 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic pollutants that are introduced into the aquatic ecosystem can transform by various mechanisms. Biotransformation is an important process for predicting the remaining structures of pollutants in the ecosystem, and their toxicity. This study focused on triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), which is a commonly used organophosphate flame retardant and plasticizer. Since TPHP is particularly toxic to aquatic organisms, it is essential to understand its biotransformation in the aquatic environment. In the aquatic ecosystem, based on consideration of the producer-consumer-decomposer relationship, the biotransformation products of TPHP were identified, and their toxicity was predicted. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was used for target, suspect, and non-target analysis. The obtained biotransformation products were estimated for toxicity based on the prediction model. As a result, 29 kinds of TPHP biotransformation products were identified in the aquatic ecosystem. Diphenyl phosphate was detected as a common biotransformation product through a hydrolysis reaction. In addition, products were identified by the biotransformation mechanisms of green algae, daphnid, fish, and microorganism. Most of the biotransformation products were observed to be less toxic than the parent compound due to detoxification except some products (hydroquinone, beta-lyase products, palmitoyl/stearyl conjugated products). Since various species exist in a close relationship with each other in an ecosystem, an integrated approach for not only single species but also various connected species is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeowool Choi
- Convergence Technology Research Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Republic of Korea; Dept. of Smart Ocean Environmental Energy
| | - Sang Don Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Škufca D, Kovačič A, Griessler Bulc T, Heath E. Determination of 18 bisphenols in aqueous and biomass phase of high rate algal ponds: Development, validation and application. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129786. [PMID: 33548857 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High rate algal ponds (HRAP) are an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment with the potential for wastewater and biomass reuse. In this study, we report the development and validation of methods for analysing 18 bisphenols (BPs) in the aqueous and biomass phase of HRAP. For aqueous phase samples, obtained LLOQ ranged from 10 to 30 ng/L, and recoveries from 78% to 106%. The relative expanded uncertainty was highest at the lowest spiking level (100 ng/L) and ranged from 27% to 66% (BPA), while for the biomass, the LLOQ ranged from 25 to 75 ng/g dw, recoveries from 84% to 103%. The uncertainty ranged from 16% to 37% (BPA). On average, the influent contained 329, 144, and 21 ng/L of BPA, BPS and 4,4'-BPF, and the effluent 69 ng/L, 94 ng/L and <LLOQ, respectively. Only BPA was quantified in the algal biomass. The average removal of BPA was 80%, whereas the removal efficiency of BPS was 32%. To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing a wide range of BPs in both aqueous and biomass phase of HRAP treating real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Škufca
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kovačič
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Griessler Bulc
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena Pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ester Heath
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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16
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Hou X, Wei L, Tang Y, Kong W, Liu J, Schnoor JL, Jiang G. Two Typical Glycosylated Metabolites of Tetrabromobisphenol A Formed in Plants: Excretion and Deglycosylation in Plant Root Zones. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2021; 8:313-319. [PMID: 34805424 PMCID: PMC8603600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The glycosylation process was investigated for the common brominated flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in hydroponic exposure systems with pumpkin seedlings. Two typical glycosylation metabolites of TBBPA formed in pumpkin seedlings, TBBPA mono-β-d-glucopyranoside (TBBPA MG) and TBBPA di-β-d-glucopyranoside (TBBPA DG), increasing their mass early in the exposure (reaching maximum masses of 608 ± 53 and 3806 ± 1570 pmol at 12 h, respectively) and then falling throughout exposure. These two metabolites were released from roots to rhizosphere solutions, where they also exhibited initial increases followed by decreasing trends (reaching maximum masses of 595 ± 272 pmol at 3 h and 77.1 ± 36.0 pmol at 6 h, respectively). However, a (pseudo)zero-order deglycosylation of TBBPA MG and TBBPA DG (during the first 1.5 h) back to TBBPA was unexpectedly detected in the hydroponic solutions containing pumpkin exudates and microorganisms. The function of microorganisms in the solutions was further investigated, revealing that the microorganisms were main contributors to deglycosylation. Plant detoxification through glycosylation and excretion, followed by deglycosylation of metabolites back to the toxic parent compound (TBBPA) in hydroponic solutions, provides new insight into the uptake, transformation, and environmental fate of TBBPA and its glycosylated metabolites in plant/microbial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinyin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment and Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jerald L Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment and Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Chen W, Yu M, Zhang Q, Hou X, Kong W, Wei L, Mao X, Liu J, Schnoor JL, Jiang G. Metabolism of SCCPs and MCCPs in Suspension Rice Cells Based on Paired Mass Distance (PMD) Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9990-9999. [PMID: 32600037 PMCID: PMC7703871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) are mixtures of complex chemical compounds with intensive usage. They are frequently detected in various environmental samples. However, the interaction between CPs and plants, especially the biotransformation behaviors of CPs within plants, is poorly understood. In this study, 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexachlorodecane (CP-4, a typical standard of individual SCCP congeners) and 52%-MCCP (a commercial mixture standard of MCCPs with 52% chlorine content by mass) were selected as representative chemicals to explore the metabolic behaviors of SCCPs and MCCPs using suspension rice cell culture exposure systems. Both 79.53% and 40.70% of CP-4 and 52%-MCCP were metabolized by suspension rice cells, respectively. A complementary suspected screening strategy based on the pair mass distances (PMD) analysis algorithm was used to study the metabolism of CPs mediated by the plant cells. Forty and 25 metabolic products for CP-4 and 52%-MCCP, respectively, were identified, including (multi-) hydroxylation, dechlorination, -HCl- elimination metabolites, (hydroxylation-) sulfation, and glycosylation conjugates. Here, we propose a comprehensive metabolic molecular network and provide insight on degradation pathways of SCCPs and MCCPs in plants for the first time, aiding in further understanding of the transformation behaviors of CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Environmental Medical and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Wenqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Mao
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Jerald L Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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18
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Tan F, Lu B, Liu Z, Chen G, Liu Y, Cheng F, Zhou Y. Identification and quantification of TBBPA and its metabolites in adult zebrafish by high resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Gu J, Chen X, Wang Y, Wang L, Szlavecz K, Ma Y, Ji R. Bioaccumulation, physiological distribution, and biotransformation of tetrabromobisphenol a (TBBPA) in the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi - hint for detoxification strategy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:122027. [PMID: 31954300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the bioaccumulation and detoxification of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) by terrestrial invertebrates are poorly understood. We used uniformly ring-14C-labelled TBBPA to investigate the bioaccumulation kinetics, metabolites distribution, and subsequent detoxification strategy of TBBPA in the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi in soil. The modeling of bioaccumulation kinetics showed a higher biota-soil-accumulation-factor of total 14C than that of the parent compound TBBPA, indicating that most of the ingested TBBPA was transformed into metabolites or sequestered as bound residues in the earthworms. Bound-residue formation in the digestive tract may hinder the accumulation of TBBPA in other parts of the body. Nonetheless, via the circulatory system, TBBPA was transferred to other tissues, especially the clitellum region, where sensitive organs are located. In the clitellum region, TBBPA was quickly transformed to less toxic dimethyl TBBPA ether and rapidly depurated through feces. We conclude that the detoxification of TBBPA in M. guillelmi occurred via bound-residue formation in the digestive tract as well as the generation and depuration of O-methylation metabolites. Our results provided direct evidence of TBBPA detoxification in earthworms. Further researches are needed to confirm whether O-methylation coupled with depuration is a common detoxification strategy for phenolic xenobiotics in other soil organisms needs to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Sciences, 176 Jiangdong Beilu Road, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Xian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, 1801 Zhongwu Avenue, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China; Quanzhou Institute for Environmental Protection Industry, Nanjing University, Beifeng Road, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Katalin Szlavecz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Yini Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Jiang Y, Lu H, Xia K, Wang Q, Yang J, Hong H, Liu J, Yan C. Effect of mangrove species on removal of tetrabromobisphenol A from contaminated sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125385. [PMID: 31790995 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increase levels of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in mangrove wetlands is of concern due to its potential toxic impacts on ecosystem. A 93-day greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mangrove plants, A. marina and K. obovata, on TBBPA degradation in sediment and to reveal the associated contributing factor(s) for its degradation. Results show that both mangrove species could uptake, translocate, and accumulate TBBPA from mangrove sediments. Compared to the unplanted sediment, urease and dehydrogenase activity as well as total bacterial abundance increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the sediment planted with mangrove plants, especially for K. obovata. In the mangrove-planted sediment, the Anaerolineae genus was the dominant bacteria, which has been reported to enhance TBBPA dissipation, and its abundance increased significantly in the sediment at early stage (0-35 day) of the greenhouse experiment. Compared to A. marina-planted sediment, higher enrichment of Geobater, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Azoarcus, all of which could stimulate TBBPA degradation, was observed for the K. obovata-planted sediment during the 93-day growth period. Our mass balance result has suggested that plant-induced TBBPA degradation in the mangrove sediment is largely due to elevated microbial activities and total bacterial abundance in the rhizosphere, rather than plant uptake. In addition, different TBBPA removal efficiencies were observed in the sediments planted with different mangrove species. This study has demonstrated that K. obovata is a more suitable mangrove species than A. marina when used for remediation of TBBPA-contaminated sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Kang Xia
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chonglin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Liu Y, Feng Y, Li J, Zhou D, Guo R, Ji R, Chen J. The bioaccumulation, elimination, and trophic transfer of BDE-47 in the aquatic food chain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa-Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113720. [PMID: 31831226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As a persistent organic pollutant, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) has been widely detected in aquatic environments. However, studies on the fate and transfer of BDE-47 in the aquatic food chain remain scarce. In this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation and elimination of BDE-47 in Chlorella pyrenoidosa, as well as the trophic transfer and biomagnification of BDE-47 in the "C. pyrenoidosa-Daphnia magna" food chain, using C-14 radioactive tracer technology. After 96 h of BDE-47 exposure, the algae accumulated 88.98% ± 0.59% of the initial radioactivity from the medium, and 36.09% ± 9.22% of the accumulated residues in the algae occurred in the form of bound residues. During 96 h of elimination, only 13% ± 0.50% of accumulated radioactivity in the algae was released into the medium. After 24 h of exposure, D. magna accumulated 35.99% ± 2.55% of the initial radioactivity via water filtration from the medium, and 31.35% ± 1.92% of the accumulated radioactivity in D. magna occurred as bound residues. However, D. magna accumulated 66.89% ± 2.37% of the accumulated radioactivity in the algae via food uptake from the contaminated algae, with a high portion of radioactivity observed as bound residues (83.40% ± 0.97% of accumulated radioactivity in D. magna). This indicated a reduction in the environmental risk of BDE-47. There was obvious biomagnification in the food chain between C. pyrenoidosa and D. magna (biomagnification factors, BMFs>1), resulting in environmental hazard transfer in the aquatic food chain. However, no metabolite was found during the exposure experiment, and further studies should be carried out to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms of the trophic transfer of BDE-47, especially in multilevel food chains. Therefore, this study elucidated the effect of dietary uptake on the bioaccumulation of BDE-47 in D. magna and provided new insight for future analysis regarding the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of organic pollutants in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yinmei Feng
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dashun Zhou
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Jiang Y, Lu H, Wang Y, Hong H, Wang Q, Liu J, Yan C. Uptake, biotransformation and physiological response of TBBPA in mangrove plants after hydroponics exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 151:110832. [PMID: 32056625 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the uptake, biotransformation and physiological response to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in mangrove plants, a short term 14-day hydroponic assay with two mangrove species, Avicennia marina (A. marina) and Kandelia obovata (K. obovata), was conducted. Results showed that two mangrove species could uptake, translocate and accumulate TBBPA from solution. The hydroxylation and debromination metabolites of TBBPA, including OH-TBBPA, TriBBPA, MonoBBPA, and BPA, were found in both mangroves for the first time. The high-level TBBPA suppressed the growth and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content of K. obovata, did not pose any negative affect on A. marina. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) of K. obovata significantly increased in the 7th day, whereas, SOD and POD activities at high-levels of TBBPA became comparable to the control in the 14th day. Contrastingly, the antioxidant enzymes activities of A. marina were positively stimulated by TBBPA during the 14-day of observation, indicating that A. marina was more tolerant of TBBPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoliang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yazhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hualong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Sutherland DL, Ralph PJ. Microalgal bioremediation of emerging contaminants - Opportunities and challenges. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114921. [PMID: 31382151 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are primarily synthetic organic chemicals that have a focus of increasing attention due to either increased awareness of their potential risks to humans and aquatic biota, or only recently been detected in the aquatic environment or drinking water supplies, through improved analytical techniques. . Many ECs have no regulatory standards due to the lack of information on the effects of chronic exposure. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides and flame retardants are some of the most frequently detected ECs in aquatic environments, with over 200 individual compounds identified, to date. Current wastewater treatment is ineffective at removing ECs and there is a vital need for the development of efficient, cost-effective EC treatment systems that can be applied to a range of scales and wastewater types. Microalgae have demonstrated potential for detoxifying organic and inorganic pollutants, with a number of large-scale wastewater treatment microalgal technologies already developed. There are three main pathways that microalgae can bioremediate ECs; bioadsorption, bio-uptake and biodegradation. Microalgal bioadsorption occurs when ECs are either adsorbed to cell wall components, or onto organic substances excreted by the cells, while bio-uptake involves the active transport of the contaminant into the cell, where it binds to intracellular proteins and other compounds. Microalgal biodegradation of ECs involves the transformation of complex compounds into simpler breakdown molecules through catalytic metabolic degradation. Biodegradation provides one of the most promising technologies for the remediation of contaminants of concern as it can transform the contaminant to less toxic compounds rather than act as a biofilter. Further research is needed to exploit microalgal species for EC bioremediation properties, such as increased bioadsorption, enhanced biodegrading enzymes and optimised growth conditions. When coupled with nutrient removal, microalgal treatment of EC can be a cost-effective viable option for the reduction of contaminant pollution in waterways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Sutherland
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Peter J Ralph
- University of Technology Sydney, Climate Change Cluster, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Hou X, Kong W, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen W, Liu J, Schnoor JL, Jiang G. Abiotic Methylation of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) with the Occurrence of Methyl Iodide in Aqueous Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2019; 6:558-564. [PMID: 33163543 PMCID: PMC7643859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.9b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant in the world. Its biotic methylation products, tetrabromobisphenol A mono- and dimethyl ether (TBBPA MME and TBBPA DME, respectively), are frequently detected in the environment, but the importance of abiotic methylation reactions of TBBPA in the environment is not known. In this study, the methylation of TBBPA mediated by methyl iodide (CH3I), a ubiquitous compound in aqueous environments, was investigated in simulated waters in the laboratory. It was found that abiotic methylation occurred under both light and dark conditions and was strongly affected by the pH, temperature, and natural organic matter concentration of the water. Abiotic methylation was further verified in natural river water, and the yield of TBBPA MME mediated abiotically by CH3I was much greater than that of biotic methylation. According to our calculations and by comparison of the activation energies (E a) for the abiotic methylation of TBBPA and the other four typical phenolic contaminants and/or metabolites (bisphenol A, triclosan, 5-OH-BDE-47, and 4'-OH-CB-61) mediated by CH3I, those phenolic compounds all show great methylation potentials. The results indicate a new abiotic pathway for generating TBBPA MME and TBBPA DME from TBBPA, and they also confirm the potentials for abiotic methylation of other phenolic contaminants in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jerald L. Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hou X, Yu M, Liu A, Wang X, Li Y, Liu J, Schnoor JL, Jiang G. Glycosylation of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Pumpkin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8805-8812. [PMID: 31283198 PMCID: PMC6931399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the most widely used brominated flame retardant (BFR), and it bioaccumulates throughout the food chains. Its fate in the first trophic level, plants, is of special interest. In this study, a four-day hydroponic exposure of TBBPA at a concentration of 1 μmol L-1 to pumpkin seedlings was conducted. A nontarget screening method for hydrophilic bromine-containing metabolites was modified, based on both typical isotope patterns of bromine and mass defect, and used to process mass spectra data. A total of 20 glycosylation and malonyl glycosylation metabolites were found for TBBPA in the pumpkin plants. Representative glycosyl TBBPA reference standards were synthesized to evaluate the contribution of this glycosylation process. Approximately 86% of parent TBBPA was metabolized to form those 20 glycosyl TBBPAs, showing that glycosylation was the most dominant metabolism pathway for TBBPA in pumpkin at the tested exposure concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Environmental Medical and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Corresponding Author: Phone: 8610-62849334; fax: 8610-62849339;
| | - Jerald L. Schnoor
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Gu C, Wang J, Zhao Z, Han Y, Du M, Zan S, Wang F. Aerobic cometabolism of tetrabromobisphenol A by marine bacterial consortia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:23832-23841. [PMID: 31209756 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coastal environments worldwide are subjected to increasing TBBPA contamination, but current knowledge on aerobic biodegradability of this compound by marine microbes is lacking. The aerobic removal of TBBPA using marine consortia under eight different cometabolic conditions was investigated here. Results showed that the composition and diversity of the TBBPA-degrading consortia had diverged after 120-day incubation. Pseudoalteromonas, Alteromonas, Glaciecola, Thalassomonas, and Limnobacter were the dominant genera in enrichment cultures. Furthermore, a combination of beef extract- and peptone-enriched marine consortia exhibited higher TBBPA removal efficiency (approximately 60%) than the other substrate amendments. Additionally, Alteromonas macleodii strain GCW was isolated from a culture of TBBPA-degrading consortium. This strain exhibited about 90% of degradation efficiency toward TBBPA (10 mg L-1) after 10 days of incubation under aerobic cometabolic conditions. The intermediates in the degradation of TBBPA by A. macleodii strain GCW were analyzed and the degradation pathways were proposed, involving β-scission, debromination, and nitration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Zelong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Miaomiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Shuaijun Zan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Fenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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Zhang N, Peng F, Ying GG, Van den Brink PJ. Fate and effects of triclosan in subtropical river biofilms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 212:11-19. [PMID: 31026709 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS, 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol) is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound. Owing to its wide use, TCS has been frequently detected in river systems, especially in the (sub-)tropics. However, little information on its interaction with river biofilm in the (sub)tropics is currently available. In the present study, subtropical river biofilms were chronically exposed to TCS for 14 d at concentrations of 0.1-100 μg/L in artificial river water, which was followed by a 7 d recovery period. The results show that 100 μg/L TCS inhibited the growth of river biofilms and the no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of TCS on river biofilms was 10 μg/L. The affected biofilms did not completely recover within the 7 d of recovery period due to the adsorbed TCS which was not removed together with dissolved TCS. Exposure to TCS caused significant changes in prokaryotic species composition of river biofilms but no significant effects on eukaryotic species composition. In particular, the relative abundance of several TCS-tolerant bacterial species (e.g., Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana, Sphingopyxis alaskensis and Sphingomonas wittichii) in river biofilms increased following exposure to 10 and 100 μg/L TCS. River biofilm efficiently removed TCS from the liquid phase and the pH values of the aquatic system significantly affected the removal efficiency of TCS (from 36% at pH 6.5 to 60% at pH 8.5). No degradation products were detected in the liquid phase after 5 days of exposure, possibly due to strong adsorption of the hydrophobic degradation products to river biofilms and through biodegradation by bacteria utilizing TCS and its degradation products as source of carbon and energy for growth, such as Methyloversalitis universalis and Methylobacterium aquaticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naisheng Zhang
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fengjiao Peng
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands; SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Chen Z, Yin H, Peng H, Lu G, Liu Z, Dang Z. Identification of novel pathways for biotransformation of tetrabromobisphenol A by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, combined with mechanism analysis at proteome level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:1352-1361. [PMID: 31096345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) removal by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) was conducted. Under optimal conditions (pH 5, inoculum size of 5% (v/v), initial glucose concentration of 5 g/L, TBBPA concentration of 5 mg/L), >97% of initial TBBPA was removed after 3 days. The TBBPA metabolites, tetrabromobisphenol A glycoside, tribromobisphenol A glycoside and monohydroxylated tetrabromobisphenol A, were identified for the first time by fungi transformation as being produced by glycosylation and oxidative hydroxylation, respectively. Proteome analysis showed that P. chrysosporium significantly upregulated cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, glutathione S-transferases, UDP-glucosyltransferase, O‑methyltransferase and other oxidoreductases for TBBPA oxidative hydroxylation, reductive debromination, glycosylation, O‑methylation and oxidative cleavage for detoxification. Data from cytotoxicity tests with human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) confirmed that TBBPA toxicity was effectively decreased by P. chrysosporium treatment. Bioaugmentation with P. chrysosporium significantly improved the removal efficiency of TBBPA in water microcosms to 63.1% within 12 h. This study suggests that P. chrysosporium might be suitable for the removal of TBBPA from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zehua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, PR China
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Liu A, Zhao Z, Qu G, Shen Z, Liang X, Shi J, Jiang G. Identification of transformation/degradation products of tetrabromobisphenol A and its derivatives. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liu A, Zhao Z, Qu G, Shen Z, Shi J, Jiang G. Transformation/degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A and its derivatives: A review of the metabolism and metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1141-1153. [PMID: 30261454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the abiotic and biotic transformation/degradation (T/D) processes of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) have been widely investigated in model experiments, few reviews have focused on these processes along with their metabolites or degradation products. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on the T/D of TBBPA and its derivatives, including abiotic and biotic T/D strategies/conditions, mechanisms, metabolites and environmental occurrences. Various treatments, such as pyrolysis, photolysis, chemical reactions and biotransformation, have been employed to study the metabolic mechanism of TBBPA and its derivatives and to remediate associated contaminated environments. To date, more than 100 degradation products and metabolites have been identified, dominated by less brominated compounds such as bisphenol A, 2,6-dibromo-4-isopropylphenol, 2,6-dibromo-4-hydroxyl-phenol, 2,6-dibromophenol, isopropylene-2,6-dibromophenol, 4-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)-2,6-dibromophenol, etc. It can be concluded that the T/D of TBBPA mainly takes place through debromination and β-scission. In some environmental media and human and animal tissues, brominated metabolites, glucoside and sulfate derivatives are also important T/D products. Here, the T/D products of TBBPA and its derivatives have been most comprehensively presented from the literature in recent 20 years. This review will enhance the understanding of the environmental behaviors of TBBPA-associated brominated flame retardants along with their ecological and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhaoshuang Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Lu JF, He MJ, Yang ZH, Wei SQ. Occurrence of tetrabromobisphenol a (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in soil and road dust in Chongqing, western China, with emphasis on diastereoisomer profiles, particle size distribution, and human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:219-228. [PMID: 29980040 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the HBCDs were listed in Annex A by the Stockholm Convention, and the knowledge on the contamination of TBBPA and HBCDs in soil and road dust in China is still limited, and it is unclear what role is played by dust particle size distribution. In this study, a total of 81 soil and 43 road dust samples were analyzed with TBBPA and ΣHBCDs concentrations ranging from < LOQ to 33.8 ng/g dw (dry weight) and 0.43-15.2 ng/g dw in soil, and from < LOQ to 74.1 ng/g dw and 7.25-14.0 ng/g dw in road dust, respectively. TBBPA and HBCDs exhibited different spatial distribution patterns in soil, where relatively high levels of HBCDs were found in industrial area and commercial area, while high levels of TBBPA were detceted in residential area. However, no distinct variation in spatial distribution of these two compounds was observed in road dust. Different diastereoisomer profiles of HBCDs were also found with γ-HBCD predominating in soil and α-HBCD occupying a large proportion in road dust. The α-/γ-HBCD values in road dust were significantly greater (T-test, P < 0.05) than those in soil, which suggested that γ-HBCD in road dust were likely to transform into α-HBCD compared with soil. The distribution of dust particle size showed that HBCDs levels were increasing with the decreasing in particle sizes, while the TBBPA showed some "accidental" peak values in specific diameter ranges. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of TBBPA and HBCDs were assessed through dust ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation via road dust, and all the exposure estimates were well below the reference dose (RfD), but the toddlers were more vulnerable to TBBPA and HBCDs intakes, which should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ming-Jing He
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Chongqing 400716, China
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Gu C, Wang J, Guo M, Sui M, Lu H, Liu G. Extracellular degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A via biogenic reactive oxygen species by a marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 142:354-362. [PMID: 29908463 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) has attracted considerable attention due to its ubiquitous presence in different environmental compartments worldwide. However, information on its aerobic biodegradability in coastal environments remains unknown. Here, the aerobic biodegradation of TBBPA using a Pseudoalteromonas species commonly found in the marine environment was investigated. We found that extracellular biogenic siderophore, superoxide anion radical (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (•OH) were involved in TBBPA degradation. Upregulation of genes (nqrA and lodA) encoding Na+-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase and l-lysine-ε-oxidase supported the extracellular O2•- and H2O2 production. The underlying mechanism of TBBPA biodegradation presumably involves both O2•- reduction and •OH-based advanced oxidation process (AOP). Furthermore, TBBPA intermediates of tribromobisphenol A, 4-isopropylene-2,6-dibromophenol, 4-(2-hydroxyisopropyl)-2,6-dibromophenol, 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 2-bromobenzoic acid were detected in the culture medium. Debromination and β-scission pathways of TBBPA biodegradation were proposed. Additionally, membrane integrity assays revealed that the increase of intracellular catalase (CAT) activity and the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) might account for the alleviation of oxidative damage. These findings could deepen understanding of the biodegradation mechanism of TBBPA and other related organic pollutants in coastal and artificial bioremediation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Mengfan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Meng Sui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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Pan CG, Peng FJ, Ying GG. Removal, biotransformation and toxicity variations of climbazole by freshwater algae Scenedesmus obliquus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:534-540. [PMID: 29758527 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climbazole (CBZ) is an antibacterial and antifungal agent widely used in personal care products. In this study, we investigated the interactions between climbazole (CBZ) and freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus). Dose-effect relationships between CBZ concentrations and growth inhibitions or chlorophyll a content were observed. After 12 days of incubation, the algae density and chlorophyll a content in 2 mg/L treatment group was 56.6% and 15.8% of those in the control group, respectively. Biotransformation was the predominant way to remove CBZ in the culture solution, whereas the contribution of bioaccumulation and bioadsorption were negligible. More than 88% of CBZ was removed by S. obliquus across all treatments after 12 days of incubation, and the biotransformation of CBZ followed the first order kinetic model with half-lives of approximately 4.5 days at different treatments. CBZ-alcohol (CBZ-OH) was the only biotransformation product identified in algal solution. Moreover, the toxicity of biotransformation products was much lower than its corresponding precursor compound (CBZ). The results of this study revealed that S. obliquus might have a great impact on the environmental fates of CBZ and could be further applied to remove organic pollutants in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gui Pan
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Feng-Jiao Peng
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Yin N, Liang S, Liang S, Yang R, Hu B, Qin Z, Liu A, Faiola F. TBBPA and Its Alternatives Disturb the Early Stages of Neural Development by Interfering with the NOTCH and WNT Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:5459-5468. [PMID: 29608295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), as well as its alternatives Tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) and Tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), are widely used halogenated flame retardants. Their high detection rates in human breast milk and umbilical cord serum have raised wide concerns about their adverse effects on human fetal development. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxicity and neural developmental toxicity of TBBPA, TBBPS, and TCBPA with a mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) system, at human body fluid and environmental relevant doses. All the three compounds showed similar trends in their cytotoxic effects. However, while TBBPA and TBBPS stimulated ESC neural differentiation, TCBPA significantly inhibited neurogenesis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that, as far as the NOTCH (positive regulator) and WNT (negative regulator) pathways were concerned, TBBPA only partially and slightly disturbed them, whereas TBBPS significantly inhibited the WNT pathway, and TCBPA down-regulated the expression of NOTCH effectors but increased the WNT signaling, actions which both inhibited neural specification. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TBBPS and TCBPA may not be safe alternatives to TBBPA, and their toxicity need to be comprehensively evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Shaojun Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Shengxian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Bowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Zhanfen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology , Chinese Academy of Science , Qingdao 266101 , China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100085 , China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
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Xu S, Wang YF, Yang LY, Ji R, Miao AJ. Transformation of tetrabromobisphenol A by Rhodococcus jostii RHA1: Effects of heavy metals. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:206-213. [PMID: 29304458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants in the world but it is also a pollutant of global concern. In the present study, we studied the transformation of 14C-labeled TBBPA by a polychlorinated-biphenyl-degrading bacterium, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 (RHA1), under oxic conditions. During the 5-day incubation, TBBPA was biotransformed rapidly first to its monomethyl ether MeO-TBBPA and then to its more hydrophobic but less toxic dimethyl ether diMeO-TBBPA. The biotransformation followed pseudo-first-order decay kinetics, with a half-life of TBBPA of 0.32 days and only 0.6% of the initially added amount being mineralized. Considering the frequent co-occurrence of TBBPA with heavy metals in the natural environment, we also investigated the effects of three heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Fe) on the transformation of TBBPA by strain RHA1. While TBBPA transformation was not significantly altered by Cd, it was accelerated by Cu and Fe, presumably due to the effects of these two essential metals on O-methyltransferase activity. Overall, the present study showed that RHA1 is an effective transformer of TBBPA and that certain essential metals, including Cu and Fe, promote the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Yong-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Liu-Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
| | - Ai-Jun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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Thin-layer chromatography coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for determining tetrabromobisphenol A/S and their derivatives in soils. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1526:151-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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NTP Research Report on Biological Activity of Bisphenol A (BPA) Structural Analogues and Functional Alternatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.22427/ntp-rr-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Wang S, Wang Z, Chen M, Fang H, Wang D. Co-exposure of Freshwater Microalgae to Tetrabromobisphenol A and Sulfadiazine: Oxidative Stress Biomarker Responses and Joint Toxicity Prediction. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:438-444. [PMID: 28791442 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined toxicity and oxidative stress biomarker responses were determined for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) to the unicellular green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Concentration-response analyses were performed for single toxicants and for mixtures containing TBBPA and SDZ with two different mixture ratios. The effect concentrations and the observed effects of the mixtures were compared to the predictions of the joint toxicity by the concentration addition (CA) model and independent action (IA) model. Results showed that the observed joint toxicity was within the scope of the highest (TBBPA) and lowest (SDZ) toxicity observed for the individual components. Furthermore, co-exposure of S. obliquus to TBBPA and SDZ provided preliminary evidence that the mixtures induced oxidative stress leading to cell damage. The CA and IA models proved to be valid for the prediction of the joint toxicity of TBBPA and SDZ. This study highlights a combined environmental risk assessment for two emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Mindong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Degao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116023, China
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Gu J, Jing Y, Ma Y, Sun F, Wang L, Chen J, Guo H, Ji R. Effects of the earthworm Metaphire guillelmi on the mineralization, metabolism, and bound-residue formation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:528-536. [PMID: 28395268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants worldwide. The degradation and fate of this organic pollutant of soils is of great concern and can be strongly affected by geophagous earthworms through ingestion and burrowing activities. Using 14C-tracers, we studied the effects of the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi on the mineralization, metabolism, and bound-residue formation of TBBPA in a typical Chinese rice paddy soil during 30days of incubation in the laboratory. Earthworms significantly decreased both mineralization (from 3.9±0.3% of the initial amount to 2.6±0.2%) and dissipation (from 90.6±0.6% to 84.1±1.2%) of TBBPA in the soil, and stimulated the generation of O-methylation metabolites (TBBPA methyl ethers; from 1.4±0.4% to 15.4±0.6%). This resulted in a strong decrease in bound-residue formation of TBBPA and its metabolites in the soil (from 80.3±0.4% to 41.8±3.1%). Results from a first-order, two-compartment model that describes the fate of TBBPA in soil indicated that the TBBPA-derived bound residues were mainly attributed to the binding of metabolites to the soil matrix and not to the binding of TBBPA, and that earthworms reduced the kinetic rates of both polar metabolite generation and their bound-residue formation. Our results suggested that the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi strongly influenced the fate of TBBPA by altering the composition of metabolites and therefore bound-residue formation. The increased persistence of TBBPA and the formation of persistent O-methylation metabolites by M. guillelmi would increase the environmental risk of TBBPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuying Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yini Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, 211198 Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China.
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Chen X, Gu J, Wang Y, Gu X, Zhao X, Wang X, Ji R. Fate and O-methylating detoxification of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in two earthworms (Metaphire guillelmi and Eisenia fetida). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:526-533. [PMID: 28499262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is the world's most widely used brominated flame retardant but there is growing concern about its fate and toxicity in terrestrial organisms. In this study, two ecologically different earthworms, Metaphire guillelmi and Eisenia fetida, were exposed to soil spiked with 14C-labeled TBBPA for 21 days. M. guillelmi accumulated more TBBPA than E. fetida, evidenced by a 2.7-fold higher 14C-uptake rate and a 1.3-fold higher biota-soil accumulation factor. Considerable amounts of bound residues (up to 40% for M. guillelmi and 18% for E. fetida) formed rapidly in the bodies of both earthworms. 14C accumulated mostly in the gut of M. guillemi and in the skin of E. fetida, suggesting that its uptake by M. guillelmi was mainly via gut processes whereas in E. fetida epidermal adsorption predominated. The TBBPA transformation potential was greater in M. guillelmi than in E. fetida, since only 5% vs. 34% of extractable 14C remained as the parent compound after 21 days of exposure. Besides polar metabolites, the major metabolites in both earthworms were TBBPA mono- and dimethyl ethers (O-methylation products of TBBPA). Acute toxicity assessments using filter paper and natural soil tests showed that the methylation metabolites were much less toxic than the parent TBBPA to both earthworms. It indicated that earthworms used O-methylation to detoxify TBBPA, and M. guillelmi exhibited the higher detoxification ability than E. fetida. These results imply that if only the free parent compound TBBPA is measured, not only bioaccumulation may be underestimated but also its difference between earthworm species may be misestimated. The species-dependent fate of TBBPA may provide a better indicator of the differing sensitivities of earthworms to this environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, 1801 Zhongwu Avenue, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Jianqiang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xueyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China.
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41
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Hom-Diaz A, Norvill ZN, Blánquez P, Vicent T, Guieysse B. Ciprofloxacin removal during secondary domestic wastewater treatment in high rate algal ponds. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:33-41. [PMID: 28391150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the removal of antibiotic ciprofloxacin during the treatment of real wastewater using high rate algal ponds (HRAP). When spiked at 2 mg/L into primary domestic wastewater, ciprofloxacin (CPX) was efficiently removed from laboratory scale photobioreactors continuously operated under various durations of artificial illumination and hydraulic residence times. Subsequent batch tests conducted with reactor microcosms showed CPX removal was mainly caused by photodegradation during daytime, and sorption to biomass during night time. These findings were confirmed during an experiment conducted in a 1000 L pilot HRAP operated outdoors, as well as during outdoor batch assays conducted using pilot HRAP microcosms. While these results highlight a potentially interesting treatment capacity in comparison to conventional biological treatment, further research must confirm these findings at relevant pollutant concentration (ng-μg/L) and determine the fate and potential toxicity of degradation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hom-Diaz
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zane N Norvill
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Paqui Blánquez
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vicent
- Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoit Guieysse
- School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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42
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Stravs MA, Pomati F, Hollender J. Exploring micropollutant biotransformation in three freshwater phytoplankton species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:822-832. [PMID: 28485428 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00100b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton constitute an important component of surface water ecosystems; however little is known about their contribution to biotransformation of organic micropollutants. To elucidate biotransformation processes, batch experiments with two cyanobacterial species (Microcystis aeruginosa and Synechococcus sp.) and one green algal species (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) were conducted. Twenty-four micropollutants were studied, including 15 fungicides and 9 pharmaceuticals. Online solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC)-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) was used together with suspect and nontarget screening to identify transformation products (TPs). 14 TPs were identified for 9 micropollutants, formed by cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation, conjugation and methylation reactions. The observed transformation pathways included reactions likely mediated by promiscuous enzymes, such as glutamate conjugation to mefenamic acid and pterin conjugation of sulfamethoxazole. For 15 compounds, including all azole fungicides tested, no TPs were identified. Environmentally relevant concentrations of chemical stressors had no influence on the transformation types and rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Stravs
- Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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43
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Liu A, Shi J, Qu G, Hu L, Ma Q, Song M, Jing C, Jiang G. Identification of Emerging Brominated Chemicals as the Transformation Products of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) Derivatives in Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5434-5444. [PMID: 28440637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the extensive investigation already conducted on tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), the metabolism of TBBPA derivatives is still largely unknown. In this paper, we characterized unknown brominated compounds detected in 84 soil samples collected from sites around three brominated flame retardant production plants to determine possible transformation products of TBBPA derivatives. In addition to tribromobisphenol A (TriBBPA), dibromobisphenol A (DBBPA), and TBBPA, six novel transformation products, TriBBPA mono(allyl ether) (TriBBPA-MAE), DBBPA-MAE, hydroxyl TriBBPA-MAE, TBBPA mono(2-bromo-3-hydroxypropyl ether) (TBBPA-MBHPE), TBBPA mono(2,3-dihydroxypropyl ether) (TBBPA-MDHPE), and TBBPA mono(3-hydroxypropyl ether) (TBBPA-MHPE) were identified. The detection frequencies of these identified chemicals in soil samples ranged from 17% to 89%, indicating the widespread presence of the transformation products. To uncover the possible TBBPA derivative transformation pathways involved, super-reduced vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin, (CCAs)) was used to treat TBBPA derivative and transformation products in this process were characterized. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the transformation of TBBPA derivatives and the first to report several novel associated TBBPA and bisphenol A derivatives as transformation products. Our research suggests that ether bond breakage and debromination contribute to the transformation of TBBPA derivatives and the existence of the novel transformation products. These data provide new insights into the fate of TBBPA derivatives in environmental compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qianchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanyong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
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44
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Kotthoff M, Rüdel H, Jürling H. Detection of tetrabromobisphenol A and its mono- and dimethyl derivatives in fish, sediment and suspended particulate matter from European freshwaters and estuaries. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3685-3694. [PMID: 28324129 PMCID: PMC5406432 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0312-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed for the determination of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol-A-monomethyl ether (MM-TBBPA) and 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol-A-dimethyl ether (DM-TBBPA), and its valid application on fish muscle matrix (bream and sole), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediment layer samples, using only 0.5 g sample material, is demonstrated. Here, for the first time, DM-TBBPA could be determined by an LC-MS/MS-based method applying atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), using the same sample extracts for all three analytes. Samplings covered freshwater fish (bream; annually, period 2007–2013) and SPM or sediment (every second year in the period 2008–2014) at selected European sites (rivers: Tees/UK, Mersey/UK, Western Scheldt/NL, Götaälv/SE, Rhône/FR; Lake Belau/DE). TBBPA could be quantified in 13 of 36 bream samples (range about 0.5–1.2 μg kg−1 ww) and 7 of 7 sole muscle samples (range about 0.5–0.7 μg kg−1 ww). Further, it could be quantified in 11 of the 14 SPM samples (range about 0.5–9.4 μg kg−1 dw) and in both of the surface sediment layer samples (2.3–2.6 μg kg−1 dw). MM-TBBPA could be quantified in 12 of 36 bream and 4 of 7 sole muscle samples (range about 0.8–1.8 μg kg−1 ww). Further, it could be quantified in 10 of the 14 river SPM samples (range about 2.3–4.5 μg kg−1 dw) and in both lake surface sediment layer samples (5.2–5.5 μg kg−1 dw). DM-TBBPA was rarely detectable and could not be quantified above the limit of quantification in any sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kotthoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Heinrich Jürling
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany
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45
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Liu Y, Jiang J, Sun Y, Wu S, Cao Y, Gong W, Zou J. NiO and Co3O4 co-doped g-C3N4 nanocomposites with excellent photoelectrochemical properties under visible light for detection of tetrabromobisphenol-A. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04822j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A NiO/Co3O4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was prepared by one step thermal decomposition and it exhibited excellent photoelectrochemical activity for sensing TBBP-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Jizhou Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Shengli Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Yuan Cao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Wanyun Gong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
| | - Jing Zou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- School of Environmental Ecology and Bioengineering
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education
- Wuhan Institute of Technology
- Wuhan 430205
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46
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Recent advances in the analysis of TBBPA/TBBPS, TBBPA/TBBPS derivatives and their transformation products. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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47
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Gu C, Wang J, Liu S, Liu G, Lu H, Jin R. Biogenic Fenton-like Reaction Involvement in Cometabolic Degradation of Tetrabromobisphenol A by Pseudomonas sp. fz. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:9981-9989. [PMID: 27556415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a widely used brominated flame retardant (BFR) that has frequently been detected in various environmental compartments. Although TBBPA biotransformation has been observed under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, knowledge of the detailed mechanism of direct aerobic TBBPA biodegradation still remains limited. In this study, the underlying mechanism of cometabolic degradation of TBBPA by Pseudomonas sp. fz under aerobic conditions was investigated. Two key degradation pathways (beta scission and debromination) were proposed based on triple quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. TBBPA degradation by strain fz was demonstrated to be an extracellular process associated with the low-molecular-mass component (LMMC). Moreover, LMMC was preliminarily identified as oligopeptides, mainly consisting of glycine, proline, and alanine in a 2:1:1 molar ratio. Quenching studies suggested the involvement of hydroxyl radicals ((•)OH) in extracellular TBBPA degradation. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that TBBPA was degraded by a biogenic Fenton-like reaction mediated via extracellular H2O2 and Fe(II)-oligopeptide complexes by the genus Pseudomonas. This study provides a new insight into the fate and biodegradation of TBBPA and other organic pollutants in natural and artificial bioremediation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
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48
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Waaijers SL, Parsons JR. Biodegradation of brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 38:14-23. [PMID: 26748263 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants account for about 21% of the total production of flame retardants and many of these have been identified as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. Nevertheless, debromination of these chemicals under anaerobic conditions is well established, although this can increase their toxicity. Consequently, the production and use of these chemicals has been restricted and alternative products have been developed. Many of these are brominated compounds and share some of the disadvantages of the chemicals they are meant to replace. Therefore, other, nonbrominated, flame retardants such as organophosphorus compounds are also being used in increasing quantities, despite the fact that knowledge of their biodegradation and environmental fate is often lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne L Waaijers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - John R Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94240, 1092 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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49
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Li F, Wang J, Jiang B, Yang X, Nastold P, Kolvenbach B, Wang L, Ma Y, Corvini PFX, Ji R. Fate of Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Formation of Ester- and Ether-Linked Bound Residues in an Oxic Sandy Soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:12758-12765. [PMID: 26444952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bound-residue formation is a major dissipation process of most organic xenobiotics in soil. However, both the formation and nature of bound residues of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in soil are unclear. Using a 14C-tracer, we studied the fate of TBBPA in an oxic soil during 143 days of incubation. TBBPA dissipated with a half-life of 14.7 days; at the end of incubation, 19.6% mineralized and 66.5% formed bound residues. Eight extractable metabolites were detected, including TBBPA methyl ethers, single-ring bromophenols, and their methyl ethers. Bound residues (mostly bound to humin) rapidly formed during the first 35 days. The amount of those humin-bound residues then quickly decreased, whereas total bound residues decreased slowly. By contrast, residues bound to humic acids and fulvic acids increased continuously until a plateau was reached. Ester- and ether-linked residues accounted for 9.6-27.0% of total bound residues during the incubation, with ester linkages being predominant. Residues bound via ester linkages consisted of TBBPA, TBBPA monomethyl ether, and an unknown polar compound. Our results indicated that bound-residue formation is the major pathway of TBBPA dissipation in oxic soil and provide first insights into the chemical structure of the reversibly ester-linked bound residues of TBBPA and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Bingqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Peter Nastold
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland
| | - Boris Kolvenbach
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland
| | - Lianhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Yini Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Philippe François-Xavier Corvini
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland , Gründenstrasse 40, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, China
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50
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Liu AF, Tian Y, Yin NY, Yu M, Qu GB, Shi JB, Du YG, Jiang GB. Characterization of Three Tetrabromobisphenol-S Derivatives in Mollusks from Chinese Bohai Sea: A Strategy for Novel Brominated Contaminants Identification. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11741. [PMID: 26130450 PMCID: PMC4486981 DOI: 10.1038/srep11741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel brominated contaminants in the environment, especially the derivatives and byproducts of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), has become a wide concern because of their adverse effects on human health. Herein, we qualitatively and quantitatively identified three byproducts of tetrabromobisphenol-S bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPS-BDBPE), including TBBPS mono(allyl ether) (TBBPS-MAE), TBBPS mono(2-bromoallyl ether) (TBBPS-MBAE) and TBBPS mono(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) (TBBPS-MDBPE) as novel brominated contaminants. Meanwhile, the mass spectra and analytical method for determination of TBBPS-BDBPE byproducts were presented for the first time. The detectable concentrations (dry weight) of TBBPS-MAE, TBBPS-MBAE and TBBPS-MDBPE were in the ranges 28-394 μg/g in technical TBBPS-BDBPE and 0.1-4.1 ng/g in mollusks collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea. The detection frequencies in mollusk samples were 5%, 39%, 95% for TBBPS-MAE, TBBPS-MBAE and TBBPS-MDBPE, respectively, indicating their prevailing in the environment. The results showed that they could be co-produced and leaked into the environment with production process, and might be more bioaccumulative and toxic than TBBPS-BDBPE. Therefore, the production and use of TBBPS derivatives lead to unexpected contamination to the surrounding environment. This study also provided an effective approach for identification of novel contaminants in the environment with synthesized standards and Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nuo-ya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guang-bo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jian-bo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yu-guo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Gui-bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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