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Constantine LA, Burden N, Davidson T, Dolan DG, Janer G, Häner A, Lee MR, Maynard SK, Nfon E, Nimrod Perkins A, Ryan JJ, Tell J. Evaluation of the EMA log kow trigger for fish BCF testing based on data for several human pharmaceuticals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 151:105651. [PMID: 38825065 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
In the European Medicines Agency (EMA) "Guideline for Environmental Risk Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use," a fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) study is triggered in Phase I for pharmaceuticals having log Kow >4.5, to support Persistence, Bioaccumulation and Toxicity (PBT) screening, and in Phase II to assess secondary poisoning and bioaccumulation ('B') potential when log Kow ≥3. The standard sampling schedule outlined in OECD Test Guideline 305 (TG305) may require assessment of approximately 200 fish following exposure to low- and high-test concentrations and a negative control. We report experimental log Kow and BCF values for 64 human pharmaceuticals that were used to evaluate the current BCF testing trigger of log Kow ≥3, and whether a single BCF exposure concentration allows accurate classification of bioaccumulation potential. Our data support raising the BCF testing trigger to log Kow ≥4, and use of a single test concentration. The resulting reduction in the use of fish is consistent with the 3 R s principle and did not adversely affect classification accuracy. An assessment of potential risk of secondary poisoning was also conducted for three drugs classified as either B or vB, and no risks were identified.
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2
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P Rayaroth M, Aubry O, Rabat H, Marilleau E, Gru Y, Hong D, Brault P. Degradation and transformation of carbamazepine in aqueous medium under non-thermal plasma oxidation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141449. [PMID: 38354864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a pharmaceutical compound detected in various water resources. With a view to removing this contaminant, the applicability of non-thermal plasma (NTP) oxidation process has been widely tested in recent years. This study utilized NTP from a dielectric barrier discharge reactor in the treatment of CBZ. NTP on the surface of a water sample containing 25 mg.L-1 of CBZ resulted in a removal efficiency of over 90% with an energy yield of 0.19 g. (kWh)-1. On the other hand, a rapid reduction in pH and an increase of conductivity and nitrate/nitrite ions concentration were observed during the degradation. The applied voltage amplitude significantly affected the removal efficiency and the energy yield as the degradation efficiency was 55%, 70%, and 72% respectively with an applied voltage of 8, 10, and 12 kV. The water matrices containing inorganic anions such as chloride and carbonate ions reduced the removal efficiency by scavenging the reactive species. Accordingly, a reduction in the removal efficiency was observed in tap water. The high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) results revealed that both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species take part in the reaction process which yields many intermediate products including aromatic nitro-products. This study concluded that NTP can effectively degrade CBZ in both pure and tap water, but special attention must be paid to changes in the water quality parameters (pH, conductivity, and nitrate/nitrite ions) and the fate of nitro products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France; Department of Environmental Science, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be) University, Visakhapatnam, 530045, India.
| | - Olivier Aubry
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Hervé Rabat
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Eloi Marilleau
- INOVALYS Vannes, 5 rue Denis Papin CS 20080, 56892 Saint-Avé, France
| | - Yvan Gru
- INOVALYS Nantes, Route de Gachet BP52703, 44327 Nantes Cedex 3, France; INOVALYS Tours, 3 rue de l'Aviation BP67357, 37073 Tours Cedex, France
| | - Dunpin Hong
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Pascal Brault
- GREMI, UMR 7344, CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France
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3
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Schuijt LM, van Drimmelen CKE, Buijse LL, van Smeden J, Wu D, Boerwinkel MC, Belgers DJM, Matser AM, Roessink I, Beentjes KK, Trimbos KB, Smidt H, Van den Brink PJ. Assessing ecological responses to exposure to the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole in freshwater mesocosms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123199. [PMID: 38128712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are a contaminant class of worldwide concern as they are frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems. To better understand the impacts of antibiotics on aquatic ecosystems, we conducted an outdoor mesocosm experiment in which aquatic communities were exposed to different concentrations of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (0, 0.15, 1.5, 15 and 150 μg/L). These concentrations include mean (0.15 μg/L) and maximum detected concentrations (15 and 150 μg/L) in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Sulfamethoxazole was applied once a week for eight consecutive weeks to 1530 L outdoor mesocosms in the Netherlands, followed by an eight-week recovery period. We evaluated phytoplankton-, bacterial- and invertebrate responses during and after sulfamethoxazole exposure and assessed impacts on organic matter decomposition. Contrary to our expectations, consistent treatment-related effects on algal and bacterial communities could not be demonstrated. In addition, sulfamethoxazole did not significantly affect zooplankton and macroinvertebrate communities. However, some effects on specific taxa were observed, with an increase in Mesostoma flatworm abundance (NOEC of <0.15 μg/L). In addition, eDNA analyses indicated negative impacts on the insects Odonata at a sulfamethoxazole concentration of 15 μg/L. Overall, environmentally relevant sulfamethoxazole concentration did not result in direct or indirect impairment of entire aquatic communities and ecological processes in our mesocosms. However, several specific macroinvertebrate taxa demonstrated significant (in)direct effects from sulfamethoxazole. Comparison of the results with the literature showed inconsistent results between studies using comparable, environmentally relevant, concentrations. Therefore, our study highlights the importance of testing the ecological impacts of pharmaceuticals (such as sulfamethoxazole) across multiple trophic levels spanning multiple aquatic communities, to fully understand its potential ecological threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Schuijt
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal K E van Drimmelen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Hamburg University of Applied Science, Ulmenliet 20, D-21033, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura L Buijse
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper van Smeden
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dailing Wu
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claire Boerwinkel
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J M Belgers
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arrienne M Matser
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo Roessink
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Krijn B Trimbos
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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4
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Schuijt LM, van Smeden J, van Drimmelen CKE, Buijse LL, Wu D, Boerwinkel MC, Belgers DJM, Matser AM, Roessink I, Heikamp-de Jong I, Beentjes KK, Trimbos KB, Smidt H, Van den Brink PJ. Effects of antidepressant exposure on aquatic communities assessed by a combination of morphological identification, functional measurements, environmental DNA metabarcoding and bioassays. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140706. [PMID: 37992907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The antidepressant fluoxetine is frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems, yet the effects on aquatic communities and ecosystems are still largely unknown. Therefore the aim of this study is to assess the effects of the long-term application of fluoxetine on key components of aquatic ecosystems including macroinvertebrate-, zooplankton-, phytoplankton- and microbial communities and organic matter decomposition by using traditional and non-traditional assessment methods. For this, we exposed 18 outdoor mesocosms (water volume of 1530 L and 10 cm of sediment) to five different concentrations of fluoxetine (0.2, 2, 20 and 200 μg/L) for eight weeks, followed by an eight-week recovery period. We quantified population and community effects by morphological identification, environmental DNA metabarcoding, in vitro and in vivo bioassays and measured organic matter decomposition as a measure of ecosystem functioning. We found effects of fluoxetine on bacterial, algal, zooplankton and macroinvertebrate communities and decomposition rates, mainly for the highest (200 μg/L) treatment. Treatment-related decreases in abundances were found for damselfly larvae (NOEC of 0.2 μg/L) and Sphaeriidae bivalves (NOEC of 20 μg/L), whereas Asellus aquaticus increased in abundance (NOEC <0.2 μg/L). Fluoxetine decreased photosynthetic activity and primary production of the suspended algae community. eDNA assessment provided additional insights by revealing that the algae belonging to the class Cryptophyceae and certain cyanobacteria taxa were the most negatively responding taxa to fluoxetine. Our results, together with results of others, suggest that fluoxetine can alter community structure and ecosystem functioning and that some impacts of fluoxetine on certain taxa can already be observed at environmentally realistic concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M Schuijt
- Aquatic Ecology and Water quality management group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper van Smeden
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal K E van Drimmelen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water quality management group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura L Buijse
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dailing Wu
- Aquatic Ecology and Water quality management group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claire Boerwinkel
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick J M Belgers
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arrienne M Matser
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo Roessink
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ineke Heikamp-de Jong
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Krijn B Trimbos
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Aquatic Ecology and Water quality management group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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5
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Kroll A, von der Ohe PC, Köhler HR, Sellier O, Junghans M. Aquatic thresholds for ionisable substances, such as diclofenac, should consider pH-specific differences in uptake and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168222. [PMID: 37952656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), enters the aquatic environment worldwide. The effect values available for the derivation of an environmental quality standard (EQS) are markedly heterogeneous, even within the same species. This heterogeneity could partially be attributed to inter-laboratory variation, but is also observed in repeated tests within the same facility. Diclofenac is ionisable; its speciation and potential for uptake and thus toxicity is influenced by pH. A high correlation has previously been observed between effects in zebrafish embryos and the pH-specific partitioning coefficient logD for diclofenac. We hypothesized that the observed heterogeneity could also be attributed to differences in study pH. To test this hypothesis, we reviewed physicochemical data and selected ecotoxicity data that were considered to be reliable and relevant in the latest EU EQS Dossier for which a study pH was reported for further analysis and EQS derivation. We adjusted the reported effect concentrations for differences in uptake using the delta logD value for the worst case pH value of 6.5. pH adjustment of effect values resulted in decreased heterogeneity of the acute effect data and a better fit of the chronic species sensitivity distribution. Both, the MAC-EQS and the AA-EQS were derived using the deterministic approach as data requirements for deriving EQS based on the SSD were not fulfilled. Many studies had to be discarded because test pH was not reported or exposure concentrations had not been analytically verified. Physico-chemical data had to be discarded due to non-relevant experimental conditions or missing information. We strongly encourage scientists publishing ecotoxicity data for ionisable substances to report the test pH together with the effect values and encourage measurement of physico-chemical parameters at environmentally relevant conditions. We recommend to consider adjusting the effect data for ionisable substances according to a worst-case pH in future hazard assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kroll
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | | | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Odile Sellier
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marion Junghans
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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6
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Burgess RM, Kane Driscoll S, Bejarano AC, Davis CW, Hermens JLM, Redman AD, Jonker MTO. A Review of Mechanistic Models for Predicting Adverse Effects in Sediment Toxicity Testing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37975556 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Since recognizing the importance of bioavailability for understanding the toxicity of chemicals in sediments, mechanistic modeling has advanced over the last 40 years by building better tools for estimating exposure and making predictions of probable adverse effects. Our review provides an up-to-date survey of the status of mechanistic modeling in contaminated sediment toxicity assessments. Relative to exposure, advances have been most substantial for non-ionic organic contaminants (NOCs) and divalent cationic metals, with several equilibrium partitioning-based (Eq-P) models having been developed. This has included the use of Abraham equations to estimate partition coefficients for environmental media. As a result of the complexity of their partitioning behavior, progress has been less substantial for ionic/polar organic contaminants. When the EqP-based estimates of exposure and bioavailability are combined with water-only effects measurements, predictions of sediment toxicity can be successfully made for NOCs and selected metals. Both species sensitivity distributions and toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic models are increasingly being applied to better predict contaminated sediment toxicity. Furthermore, for some classes of contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, adverse effects can be modeled as mixtures, making the models useful in real-world applications, where contaminants seldomly occur individually. Despite the impressive advances in the development and application of mechanistic models to predict sediment toxicity, several critical research needs remain to be addressed. These needs and others represent the next frontier in the continuing development and application of mechanistic models for informing environmental scientists, managers, and decisions makers of the risks associated with contaminated sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1-17. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Burgess
- Office of Research and Development/Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling/Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joop L M Hermens
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron D Redman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michiel T O Jonker
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Li H, Meng F. Efficiency, mechanism, influencing factors, and integrated technology of biodegradation for aromatic compounds by microalgae: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122248. [PMID: 37490964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds have received widespread attention because of their threat to ecosystem and human health. However, traditional physical and chemical methods are criticized due to secondary pollution and high cost. As a result of ecological security and the ability of carbon sequestration, biodegradation approach based on microalgae has emerged as a promising alternative treatment for aromatic pollutants. In light of the current researches, the degradation efficiency of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and phenolic compounds by microalgae was reviewed in this study. We summarized the degradation pathways and metabolites of p-xylene, benzo [a]pyrene, fluorene, phenol, bisphenol A, and nonylphenol by microalgae. The influence factors on the degradation of aromatic compounds by microalgae were also discussed. The integrated technologies based on microalgae for degradation of aromatic compounds were reviewed. Finally, this study discussed the limitations and future research needs of the degradation of these compounds by microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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8
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Li Z. Predicting pesticide residues in pod fruits with a modified peel-like uptake model: A green pea demonstration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115421. [PMID: 37657391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Peas are among the most popular leguminous plants, consumed by both humans and animals in large quantities. Pesticides are widely used globally to increase pea yield, and as a result, pesticide residues can be taken up by pea plants and bioaccumulate in their fruits, including peas and pods. However, there is a lack of modeling approaches available to predict residue concentrations in peas. To address this issue, a pod fruit model (specifically designed for neutral organic compounds) was proposed to simulate the bioaccumulation process of pesticide residues in pea plants, which was developed by modifying a peel-like uptake model. The simulation results, based on green pea as the modeling demonstration, reveal that moderately-lipophilic pesticides (i.e., log KOW around 3) have higher simulated concentrations in peas at harvest compared to hydrophilic (i.e., log KOW less than 0) or highly-lipophilic (i.e., log KOW over 5) pesticides, which is due to the enhanced uptake process of moderately-lipophilic compounds in the pod-pea system, such as their ability to penetrate the pod cuticle and be transported via phloem sap. The sensitivity test and variability analysis conducted in this study revealed that the degradation kinetics, including metabolism, hydrolysis, and photolysis, had a significant impact on moderately-lipophilic pesticides due to their high simulated concentrations in the pea plant. This can result in substantial loss of residue mass via degradation. The validation of the model demonstrated that the simulation results, specifically residue concentrations in the fruit, were consistent with the harvested data. However, some inconsistency was observed immediately after pesticide application, which could be attributed to plant growth dynamics and initial surface mass distributions. The proposed pod fruit model provides new insights into the bioaccumulation process of pesticide residues in pea plants and enables high-throughput simulations of residue concentrations at harvest. To enhance the performance of the pod fruit model, future research should consider plant growth dynamics, plant uptake of ionizable compounds, and initial mass distribution functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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9
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Maloney EM, Villeneuve DL, Blackwell BR, Vitense K, Corsi SR, Pronschinske MA, Jensen KM, Ankley GT. A framework for prioritizing contaminants in retrospective ecological assessments: Application in the Milwaukee Estuary (Milwaukee, WI). INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:1276-1296. [PMID: 36524447 PMCID: PMC10601791 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Watersheds are subjected to diverse anthropogenic inputs, exposing aquatic biota to a wide range of chemicals. Detection of multiple, different chemicals can challenge natural resource managers who often have to determine where to allocate potentially limited resources. Here, we describe a weight-of-evidence framework for retrospectively prioritizing aquatic contaminants. To demonstrate framework utility, we used data from 96-h caged fish studies to prioritize chemicals detected in the Milwaukee Estuary (WI, USA; 2017-2018). Across study years, 77/178 targeted chemicals were detected. Chemicals were assigned prioritization scores based on spatial and temporal detection frequency, environmental distribution, environmental fate, ecotoxicological potential, and effect prediction. Chemicals were sorted into priority bins based on the intersection of prioritization score and data availability. Data-limited chemicals represented those that did not have sufficient data to adequately evaluate ecotoxicological potential or environmental fate. Seven compounds (fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, atrazine, metolachlor, phenanthrene, and DEET) were identified as high or medium priority and data sufficient and flagged as candidates for further effects-based monitoring studies. Twenty-one compounds were identified as high or medium priority and data limited and flagged as candidates for further ecotoxicological research. Fifteen chemicals were flagged as the lowest priority in the watershed. One of these chemicals (2-methylnaphthalene) displayed no data limitations and was flagged as a definitively low-priority chemical. The remaining chemicals displayed some data limitations and were considered lower-priority compounds (contingent on further ecotoxicological and environmental fate assessments). The remaining 34 compounds were flagged as low or medium priority. Altogether, this prioritization provided a screening-level (non-definitive) assessment that could be used to focus further resource management and risk assessment activities in the Milwaukee Estuary. Furthermore, by providing detailed methodology and a practical example with real experimental data, we demonstrated that the proposed framework represents a transparent and adaptable approach for prioritizing contaminants in freshwater environments. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1276-1296. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Maloney
- Department of Biology, Swenson College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brett R Blackwell
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kelsey Vitense
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven R Corsi
- US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, Middleton, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M Jensen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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10
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McLachlan MS, Ebert A, Armitage JM, Arnot JA, Droge STJ. A framework for understanding the bioconcentration of surfactants in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:1238-1251. [PMID: 37350243 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Surfactants are a class of chemicals released in large quantities to water, and therefore bioconcentration in fish is an important component of their safety assessment. Their structural diversity, which encompasses nonionic, anionic, cationic and zwitterionic molecules with a broad range of lipophilicity, makes their evaluation challenging. A strong influence of environmental pH adds a further layer of complexity to their bioconcentration assessment. Here we present a framework that penetrates this complexity. Using simple equations derived from current understanding of the relevant underlying processes, we plot the key bioconcentration parameters (uptake rate constant, elimination rate constant and bioconcentration factor) as a function of its membrane lipid/water distribution ratio and the neutral fraction of the chemical in water at pH 8.1 and at pH 6.1. On this chemical space plot, we indicate boundaries at which four resistance terms (perfusion with water, transcellular, paracellular, and perfusion with blood) limit transport of surfactants across the gills. We then show that the bioconcentration parameters predicted by this framework align well with in vivo measurements of anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants in fish. In doing so, we demonstrate how the framework can be used to explore expected differences in bioconcentration behavior within a given sub-class of surfactants, to assess how pH will influence bioconcentration, to identify the underlying processes governing bioconcentration of a particular surfactant, and to discover knowledge gaps that require further research. This framework for amphiphilic chemicals may function as a template for improved understanding of the accumulation potential of other ionizable chemicals of environmental concern, such as pharmaceuticals or dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S McLachlan
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andrea Ebert
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - James M Armitage
- AES Armitage Environmental Sciences, Inc., Ottawa, Ontario K1L 8C3, Canada
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting Inc., Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4, Canada
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Steven T J Droge
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Team Environmental Risk Assessment, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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11
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Köhler HR, Gräff T, Schweizer M, Blumhardt J, Burkhardt J, Ehmann L, Hebel J, Heid C, Kundy L, Kuttler J, Malusova M, Moroff FM, Schlösinger AF, Schulze-Berge P, Panagopoulou EI, Damalas DE, Thomaidis NS, Triebskorn R, Maletzki D, Kühnen U, von der Ohe PC. LogD-based modelling and ΔlogD as a proxy for pH-dependent action of ionizable chemicals reveal the relevance of both neutral and ionic species for fish embryotoxicity and possess great potential for practical application in the regulation of chemicals. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119864. [PMID: 36944304 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Depending on the ambient pH, ionizable substances are present in varying proportions in their neutral or charged form. The extent to which these two chemical species contribute to the pH-dependant toxicity of ionizable chemicals and whether intracellular ion trapping has a decisive influence in this context is controversially discussed. Against this background, we determined the acute toxicity of 24 ionizable substances at up to 4 different pH values on the embryonic development of the zebrafish, Danio rerio, and supplemented this dataset with additional data from the literature. The LC50 for some substances (diclofenac, propranolol, fluoxetine) differed by a factor of even >103 between pH5 and pH9. To simulate the toxicity of 12 acids and 12 bases, six models to calculate a pH-dependant logD value as a proxy for the uptake of potentially toxic molecules were created based on different premises for the trans-membrane passage and toxic action of neutral and ionic species, and their abilities to explain the real LC50 data set were assessed. Using this approach, we were able to show that both neutral and charged species are almost certainly taken up into cells according to their logD-based distribution, and that both species exert toxicity. Since two of the models that assume all intracellular molecules to be neutral overestimated the real toxicity, it must be concluded, that the toxic effect of a single charged intracellularly present molecule is, on the average, lower than that of a single neutral molecule. Furthermore, it was possible to attribute differences in toxicity at different pH values for these 24 ionizable substances to the respective deltas in logD at these pH levels with high accuracy, enabling particularly a full logD-based model on the basis of logPow as a membrane passage descriptor to be used for predicting potential toxicities in worst-case scenarios from existing experimental studies, as stipulated in the process of registration of chemicals and the definition of Environmental Quality Standards (EQS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gräff
- Federal Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, Dessau-Roßlau D-06844, Germany
| | - Mona Schweizer
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Jasmin Blumhardt
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Jasmin Burkhardt
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Lisa Ehmann
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Janine Hebel
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Christoph Heid
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Lone Kundy
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Julia Kuttler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Miroslava Malusova
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Friederike-Marie Moroff
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Anne-Frida Schlösinger
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Pia Schulze-Berge
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany
| | - Eleni I Panagopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens GR-15771, Greece
| | - Dimitrios E Damalas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens GR-15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, Athens GR-15771, Greece
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen D-72076, Germany; Steinbeis-Transfer Center Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstrasse 13, Rottenburg D-72108, Germany
| | - Dirk Maletzki
- Federal Environment Agency, Schichauweg 58, Berlin D-12307, Germany
| | - Ute Kühnen
- Federal Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, Dessau-Roßlau D-06844, Germany
| | - Peter C von der Ohe
- Federal Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, Dessau-Roßlau D-06844, Germany.
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12
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Trapp S, Shi J, Zeng L. Generic Model for Plant Uptake of Ionizable Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:793-804. [PMID: 36785949 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant uptake of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has been recognized as a potential path to human exposure. Most existing regressions and uptake models are limited to neutral organic compounds, but 80% of pharmaceuticals and an unknown number of personal care products ionize under environmentally relevant conditions. A widely used generic plant uptake model was expanded step-by-step with processes relevant for weak and strong acids and bases, such as ionization, membrane permeability, ion trap, phloem transport, and sorption to proteins. The differential equation system was solved analytically, and the equations were implemented in a spreadsheet version. The changes in predicted plant uptake of neutral substances, acids, and bases were found for a range of key input data (log KOW , pKa , pH, sorption to proteins). For neutral compounds, sorption to proteins and phloem transport are of relevance only for the more polar compounds (low log KOW , ≤2). Weak acids (pKa ≤6) are trapped in phloem due to pH-related effects, and in roots when pH in soil is low (pH 4-5). Cations sorb stronger and hence show less bioavailability and less translocation than anions. Sorption to proteins reduces translocation to leaves and fruits for all substances, but this is more evident for polar and ionic compounds that have negligible sorption to lipids. The new generic model considers additional processes that are of relevance for polar and ionizable substances. It might be used instead of existing standard approaches for chemical risk assessment and assessment of the environmental fate of PPCPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:793-804. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Trapp
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Junxuan Shi
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Landi Zeng
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Nozaki K, Tanoue R, Kunisue T, Tue NM, Fujii S, Sudo N, Isobe T, Nakayama K, Sudaryanto A, Subramanian A, Bulbule KA, Parthasarathy P, Tuyen LH, Viet PH, Kondo M, Tanabe S, Nomiyama K. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface water and fish from three Asian countries: Species-specific bioaccumulation and potential ecological risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161258. [PMID: 36587684 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In Asian developing countries, undeveloped and ineffective sewer systems are causing surface water pollution by a lot of contaminants, especially pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Therefore, the risks for freshwater fauna need to be assessed. The present study aimed at: i) elucidating the contamination status; ii) evaluating the bioaccumulation; and iii) assessing the potential risks of PPCP residues in surface water and freshwater fish from three Asian countries. We measured 43 PPCPs in the plasma of several fish species as well as ambient water samples collected from India (Chennai and Bengaluru), Indonesia (Jakarta and Tangerang), and Vietnam (Hanoi and Hoa Binh). In addition, the validity of the existing fish blood-water partitioning model based solely on the lipophilicity of chemicals is assessed for ionizable and readily metabolizable PPCPs. When comparing bioaccumulation factors calculated from the PPCP concentrations measured in the fish and water (BAFmeasured) with bioconcentration factors predicted from their pH-dependent octanol-water partition coefficient (BCFpredicted), close values (within an order of magnitude) were observed for 58-91 % of the detected compounds. Nevertheless, up to 110 times higher plasma BAFmeasured than the BCFpredicted were found for the antihistamine chlorpheniramine in tilapia but not in other fish species. The plasma BAFmeasured values of the compound were significantly different in the three fish species (tilapia > carp > catfish), possibly due to species-specific differences in toxicokinetics (e.g., plasma protein binding and hepatic metabolism). Results of potential risk evaluation based on the PPCP concentrations measured in the fish plasma suggested that chlorpheniramine, triclosan, haloperidol, triclocarban, diclofenac, and diphenhydramine can pose potential adverse effects on wild fish. Results of potential risk evaluation based on the PPCP concentrations measured in the surface water indicated high ecological risks of carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, and triclosan on Asian freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazusa Nozaki
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Nguyen Minh Tue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan; Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Sadahiko Fujii
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Nao Sudo
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Isobe
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305 8506, Japan
| | - Kei Nakayama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Agus Sudaryanto
- Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 820, Puspiptek Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Annamalai Subramanian
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Keshav A Bulbule
- KLE Society's S. Nijalingappa College, 2nd Block, Rajajinagar, Bangaluru 560 010, India
| | - Peethambaram Parthasarathy
- E-Parisaraa Pvt. Ltd., Plot No. 30-P3, Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board, Dobaspet Industrial Area, Bengaluru 562 111, India
| | - Le Huu Tuyen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Pham Hung Viet
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi 11400, Viet Nam
| | - Masakazu Kondo
- Department of Applied Aquabiology, National Fisheries University, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yamaguchi 759 6595, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790 8577, Japan
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14
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Li Z. Modeling banana uptake of pesticides by incorporating a peel-pulp interaction system into a multicompartment fruit tree model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 444:130411. [PMID: 36403454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
According to field research, banana peels have a significant impact on the uptake of pesticide residues by banana pulps. To predict pesticide residue concentrations in harvested bananas, however, current modeling approaches did not take into consideration the banana peel as a single simulating compartment. To address the problem, we incorporated a peel-pulp interaction system into a modified multicompartment fruit tree model in order to simulate pesticide residue concentrations in banana plants. The simulation results revealed that lipophilicity played a crucial role in regulating pesticide bioaccumulation in banana plants, showing that moderately- or highly-lipophilic compounds had a high potential for bioaccumulation in banana pulps and peels. Some model inputs, such as peel thickness, degradation rates in plant tissues, and dissipation rates in the soil, had a substantial impact on the bioaccumulation of pesticides in banana pulps and peels. Even if more aspects (such as dynamically morphological properties of banana plants and ionizable chemical compounds) must be considered for in future research, the proposed modeling approach can aid in the comprehension of the pesticide bioaccumulation mechanism in banana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China.
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15
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Li Z. Modeling pesticide residue uptake by leguminous plants: a geocarpic fruit model for peanuts. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:152-162. [PMID: 36107631 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide residues are frequently found in leguminous plants; however, no modeling approaches predict residue concentrations in edible legume seeds. In this study, a geocarpic fruit model, simplified for neutral organic compounds, was proposed for high-throughput simulations (over 700 pesticides) of the residue uptake by peanut plants, which characterized three scenarios, namely (i) pesticide foliar application during the pre-seed development stage, (ii) foliar application during the seed development stage, and (iii) soil contamination before plant germination. RESULTS In the foliar application scenario, in general, lipophilic pesticides have high simulated residue unit doses (RUDs, residue concentrations in plants per 1.0 kg ha-1 of pesticide application) in peanut leaves owing to intensified uptake via surface deposition, whereas hydrophilic pesticides have high simulated RUDs in peanuts because the uptake of residues via diffusion is enhanced. For the soil-contamination scenario, organic compounds with moderate lipophilicity have a high bioconcentration potential (i.e. the soil-plant system) in leaves and peanuts, due to large transpiration stream concentration factors (TSCFs) that boost the uptake via transpiration. CONCLUSIONS The simulation results have some degrees of agreement with field measurements, indicating that the proposed model can be used as a screening tool for dietary risk assessment of pesticides in peanuts. In future research, pH-dependent physicochemical properties (e.g. soil-water partition coefficient and TSCF) and degradation rate constants of chemicals need to be refined to improve the simulation analysis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Wang C, Lu Y, Sun B, Zhang M, Wang C, Xiu C, Johnson AC, Wang P. Ecological and human health risks of antibiotics in marine species through mass transfer from sea to land in a coastal area: A case study in Qinzhou Bay, the South China sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120502. [PMID: 36283471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been detected in aquatic environment around the world. Understanding internal concentrations of antibiotics in organisms could further improve risk governance. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of seven sulfonamides, four tetracyclines, five fluoroquinolones, and five macrolides antibiotics in six fish, four crustaceans, and five mollusks species collected from Qinzhou Bay, an important part of the Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea in 2018. 19 of all the 21 target antibiotics were detectable in biota. The total concentrations of the antibiotics ranged from 15.2 to 182 ng/g dry weight in all marine organisms, with sulfonamides and macrolides being the most abundant antibiotics. Mollusks accumulated more antibiotics than fish and crustaceans, implying the species-specific bioaccumulation of antibiotics. The pH dependent partition coefficients of antibiotics exhibited significantly positive correlation with their concentrations in organisms. The ecological risk assessment suggested that marine species in Qinzhou Bay were threatened by azithromycin and norfloxacin. The annual mass loading of antibiotics from Qinzhou Bay to the coastal land area for human ingestion via marine fishery catches was 4.02 kg, with mollusks being the predominant migration contributor. The estimated daily intakes of erythromycin indicated that consumption of seafood from Qinzhou Bay posed considerable risks to children (2-5 years old). The results in this study provide important insights for antibiotics pollution assessment and risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cuo Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Andrew C Johnson
- UK Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon, OX 10 8BB, UK
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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17
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Biological activity, solvation properties and microstructuring of protic imidazolium ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Wang J, Nolte TM, Owen SF, Beaudouin R, Hendriks AJ, Ragas AM. A Generalized Physiologically Based Kinetic Model for Fish for Environmental Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6500-6510. [PMID: 35472258 PMCID: PMC9118555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of pharmaceuticals found in the environment potentially impose adverse effects on organisms such as fish. Physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models are essential risk assessment tools, allowing a mechanistic approach to understanding chemical effects within organisms. However, fish PBK models have been restricted to a few species, limiting the overall applicability given the countless species. Moreover, many pharmaceuticals are ionizable, and fish PBK models accounting for ionization are rare. Here, we developed a generalized PBK model, estimating required parameters as functions of fish and chemical properties. We assessed the model performance for five pharmaceuticals (covering neutral and ionic structures). With biotransformation half-lives (HLs) from EPI Suite, 73 and 41% of the time-course estimations were within a 10-fold and a 3-fold difference from measurements, respectively. The performance improved using experimental biotransformation HLs (87 and 59%, respectively). Estimations for ionizable substances were more accurate than any of the existing species-specific PBK models. The present study is the first to develop a generalized fish PBK model focusing on mechanism-based parameterization and explicitly accounting for ionization. Our generalized model facilitates its application across chemicals and species, improving efficiency for environmental risk assessment and supporting an animal-free toxicity testing paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Department
of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Tom M. Nolte
- Department
of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Stewart F. Owen
- AstraZeneca,
Global Sustainability, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- Institut
national de l’environnement industriel et des risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte 60550, France
| | - A. Jan Hendriks
- Department
of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
| | - Ad M.J. Ragas
- Department
of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental
Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 GL, The Netherlands
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Open University, Heerlen 6419 AT, The Netherlands
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19
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Schweizer M, von der Ohe PC, Gräff T, Kühnen U, Hebel J, Heid C, Kundy L, Kuttler J, Moroff FM, Schlösinger AF, Schulze-Berge P, Triebskorn R, Panagopoulou E, Damalas DE, Thomaidis NS, Köhler HR. Heart rate as an early warning parameter and proxy for subsequent mortality in Danio rerio embryos exposed to ionisable substances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151744. [PMID: 34808159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessments of organic chemicals usually do not consider pH as a key factor. Hence, most substances are tested at a single pH only, which may underestimate the toxicity of ionisable substances with a pKa in the range of 4-10. Thus, the ability to consider the pH-dependent toxicity would be crucial for a more realistic assessment. Moreover, there is a tendency in acute toxicity tests to focus on mortality only, while little attention is paid to sublethal endpoints. We used Danio rerio embryos exposed to ten ionisable substances (the acids diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and triclosan and the bases citalopram, fluoxetine, metoprolol, propranolol, tramadol and tetracaine) at four external pH levels, investigating the endpoints mortality (LC50) and heart rate (EC20). Dose-response curves were fitted with an ensemble-model to determine the true uncertainty and variation around the mean endpoints. The ensemble considers eight (heart rate) or twelve (mortality) individual models for binominal and Poisson distributed data, respectively, selected based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). In case of equally good models, the mean endpoint of all models in the ensemble was calculated, resulting in more robust ECx estimates with lower 'standard errors' as compared to randomly selected individual models. We detected a high correlation between mortality (LC50) at 96 hpf and reduced heart rate (EC20) at 48 hpf for all compounds and all external pH levels (r = 0.98). Moreover, the observed pH-dependent effects were strongly associated with log D and thus, likely driven by differences in uptake (toxicokinetic) rather than internal (toxicodynamic) processes. Prospectively, the a priori consideration of pH-dependent effects of ionisable substances might make testing at different pH levels redundant, while the endpoint of mortality might even be replaced by a reliable sublethal proxy that would reduce the exposure, accelerating the evaluation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Schweizer
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Gräff
- German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Ute Kühnen
- German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Janine Hebel
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Heid
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lone Kundy
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kuttler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike-Marie Moroff
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Frida Schlösinger
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Schulze-Berge
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Steinbeis-Transfer Center Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstrasse 13, D-72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Elena Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios E Damalas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Ferraz MA, Kiyama AC, Primel EG, Barbosa SC, Castro ÍB, Choueri RB, Gallucci F. Does pH variation influence the toxicity of organic contaminants in estuarine sediments? Effects of Irgarol on nematode assemblages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152944. [PMID: 35007601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural pH values in coastal waters vary largely among locations, ecosystems, and time periods; still, there is an ongoing acidification trend. In this scenario, more acidic pH values can alter bioavailability of organic contaminants, to organisms. Despite this, interactive effects between pH and chemical substances are not usually considered in Ecological Risk Assessment protocols. This study investigated the effects of pH on the toxicity of a hydrophobic organic compound on a benthic community using a microcosm experiment setup to assess the response of nematode assemblages exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Irgarol at two natural pH conditions. Estuarine nematode assemblages were exposed to two concentrations of Irgarol at pH 7.0 and 8.0 for periods of 7 and 35 days. Lower diversity of nematode genera was observed at the highest tested Irgarol concentration (1281 ± 65 ng.g-1). The results showed that the effects of Irgarol contamination were independent of pH variation, indicating no influence of acidification within this range on the toxicity of Irgarol to benthic meiofauna. However, the results showed that estuarine nematode assemblages are impacted by long-term exposure to low (but naturally occurring) pHs. This indicates that estuarine organisms may be under naturally high physiological pressure and that permanent changes in the ecosystem's environmental factors, such as future coastal ocean acidification, may drive organisms closer to the edges of their tolerance windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Aliceda Ferraz
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Kiyama
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ednei Gilberto Primel
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Sergiane Caldas Barbosa
- Escola de Química e Alimentos, Laboratório de Análise de Compostos Orgânicos e Metais (LACOM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96201-900, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fabiane Gallucci
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Rua Maria Máximo 168, 11030-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
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21
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Pusceddu FH, Guimarães MM, Lopes LO, Souza LS, Cortez FS, Pereira CDS, Choueri RB, Cesar A. Biological effects of the antihypertensive losartan under different ocean acidification scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118329. [PMID: 34634406 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the last decade, several studies have reported the presence and effects of pharmaceutical residues in the marine environment, especially those of the antihypertensive class, such as losartan. However, there is little knowledge about the physiological effects of losartan in marine invertebrates regarding its behavior under possible coastal ocean acidification scenarios. The objective of this study was to evaluate biological effects on marine organisms at different levels of the biological organization caused by the compound losartan in water and sediment under coastal ocean acidification scenarios. Water and sediment samples were collected at five sites around the Santos Submarine Sewage outfall (SSO) and two sites around the Guarujá Submarine Sewage Outfall (GSO). Losartan was found in concentrations ranging from <LOD to 7.63 ng/L in water and from <LOQ to 3.10 ng/g in sediments. Statistical analysis showed interactive effects pH and losartan on the toxicity results. The water toxicity test with Echinometra lucunter embryos/larvae showed LOECs 50-100 mg/L, with values decreasing as the pH decreased. In the sediment assays, LOEC value for sea urchin embryo-larval development was 1.0 μg/g for all tested pHs. Regarding the lysosomal membrane stability assays with adult bivalves, a LOEC of 3000 ng/L was found for Perna perna in water exposure (both at pH 8.0 and 7.6). Effects for Mytella guyanensis were observed at environmentally relevant concentrations in sediment (LOEC = 3 ng/g at pH 8.0 and 7.6). This study demonstrated that coastal ocean acidification by itself causes effects on marine invertebrates, but can also increase the negative effects of losartan in waterborne exposure. There is a need to deepen the studies on the ecotoxicity of pharmaceutical residues and acidification of the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Pusceddu
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Guimarães
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L O Lopes
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L S Souza
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F S Cortez
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C D S Pereira
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Santa Cecília University, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R B Choueri
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A Cesar
- Sea Institute, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Gaohua L, Miao X, Dou L. Crosstalk of physiological pH and chemical pKa under the umbrella of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:1103-1124. [PMID: 34253134 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1951223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Physiological pH and chemical pKa are two sides of the same coin in defining the ionization of a drug in the human body. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and pH-partition hypothesis form the theoretical base to define the impact of pH-pKa crosstalk on drug ionization and thence its absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET).Areas covered: Human physiological pH is not constant, but a diverse, dynamic state regulated by various biological mechanisms, while the chemical pKa is generally a constant defining the acidic dissociation of the drug at various environmental pH. Works on pH-pKa crosstalk are scattered in the literature, despite its significant contributions to drug pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and toxicity. In particular, its impacts on drug ADMET have not been effectively linked to the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation, a powerful tool increasingly used in model-informed drug development (MIDD).Expert opinion: Lacking a full consideration of the interactions of physiological pH and chemical pKa in a PBPK model limits scientists' capability in mechanistically describing the drug ADMET. This mini-review compiled literature knowledge on pH-pKa crosstalk and its impacts on drug ADMET, from the viewpoint of PBPK modeling, to pave the way to a systematic incorporation of pH-pKa crosstalk into PBPK modeling and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gaohua
- Research & Early Development, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Xiusheng Miao
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Liu Dou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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23
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Development of a method for assessing the accumulation and metabolization of antidepressant drugs in zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:5169-5179. [PMID: 34195876 PMCID: PMC8405463 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs are widely used for the treatment of common mental or other psychiatric disorders such as depression, which affect about 121 million people worldwide. This widespread use has contributed to the input of these pharmaceuticals and their metabolites into the environment. The aim of this work was to develop an analytical method to quantify the most widely used antidepressant drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), and their main metabolites in the environment. For this, a new and reliable miniaturized extraction method based on dispersive SPE cleanup procedure for extraction of SSRI followed by derivatization with n-heptafluorobutyrylimidazole, and detection by GC-MS was developed. The methodology, including a first-order one-compartment model, was then applied to a bioconcentration study in zebrafish (Danio rerio) eleutheroembryos. The results showed low bioaccumulation of these compounds; however, a biotransformation evidence of the parent compounds into their metabolites was observed after 6 h of exposure. These results indicate the need to integrate metabolic transformation rates to fully model and understand the bioaccumulation patterns of SSRI and their metabolites. Graphical abstract ![]()
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24
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Rayaroth MP, Oh D, Lee CS, Kumari N, Lee IS, Chang YS. Carbon-nitride-based micromotor driven by chromate-hydrogen peroxide redox system: Application for removal of sulfamethaxazole. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 597:94-103. [PMID: 33862450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Janus Fe/C3N4 micromotor driven by a chromate-hydrogen peroxide (Cr(VI)/H2O2) redox system was developed and its movement was analyzed. The motion of the micromotor was tracked via nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and the corresponding diffusion coefficients (D) were determined. The NTA results revealed that D = 0 in water in the absence of additives (Cr(VI) or H2O2). The addition of H2O2 resulted in an increase in D from 0 to 12 × 106 nm2 s-1, which further increased to 20 × 106, 26.5 × 106, 29 × 106, and 44 × 106 nm2 s-1 with the addition of 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 ppm of Cr(VI), respectively. Cr(VI) alone did not efficiently propel the Fe/C3N4-based micromotor. Therefore, it was proposed that the Cr(VI)/H2O2 redox system generates O2, which plays a major role in the movement of the C3N4-based micromotor. In addition, the formation of reactive species, such as OH and 1O2, was confirmed through electron spin resonance experiments. The reactive species efficiently degraded sulfamethaxazole (SMX), an organic pollutant, as demonstrated through degradation studies and product analyses. The effects of various parameters, such as H2O2 concentration, Cr(VI) concentration, and initial pH on the movement of micromotor and degradation of SMX were also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Oh
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Seop Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Nitee Kumari
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - In Su Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-Confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Rivera-Ingraham GA, Andrade M, Vigouroux R, Solé M, Brokordt K, Lignot JH, Freitas R. Are we neglecting earth while conquering space? Effects of aluminized solid rocket fuel combustion on the physiology of a tropical freshwater invertebrate. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128820. [PMID: 33199112 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Space launchers often use aluminized-solid fuel ("propergol") as propellant and its combustion releases tons of Al2O3 and HCl that sink in terrestrial and aquatic environments, polluting and decreasing water pH. We studied the impact of these events on the biochemical/physiological performance of the freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium jelskii, with wild specimens collected from a non-impacted site in French Guiana. In the laboratory, shrimps were exposed for one week to: i) undisturbed conditions; ii) Al2O3 exposure (0.5 mg L-1) at normal pH (6.6); iii) decreased pH (4.5) (mimicking HCl release in the environment) with no Al2O3; or iv) Al2O3 0.5 mg L-1 and pH 4.5, representing the average conditions found in the water bodies around the Ariane 5 launch pad. Results showed that shrimps bioaccumulated aluminium (Al) regardless of water pH. The combined effect of Al2O3 and low pH caused the most impact: acetylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase activities decreased, indicating neurotoxicity and reduced detoxification capacity, respectively. Animal respiration was enhanced with Al2O3 and pH variations alone, but the synergic interaction of both stressors caused respiration to decrease, suggesting metabolic depression. Oxidative damage followed a similar pattern to respiration rates across conditions, suggesting free radical-mediation in Al toxicity. Antioxidant activities varied among enzymes, with glutathione reductase being the most impacted by Al2O3 exposure. This study shows the importance of addressing space ports' impact on the environment, setting the bases for selecting the most appropriate biomarkers for future monitoring programs using a widespread and sensitive crustacean in the context of an increasing space-oriented activity across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina A Rivera-Ingraham
- Laboratoire Environnement de Petit Saut. Hydreco Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana; Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Del Mar, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Madalena Andrade
- Departmento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Regis Vigouroux
- Laboratoire Environnement de Petit Saut. Hydreco Guyane, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Montserrat Solé
- Instituto de Ciencias Del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherina Brokordt
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Del Mar, Universidad Católica Del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR 9190-MARBEC. Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Montpellier, France
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Departmento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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Ando D. Study of uptake, translocation, and metabolic behavior of pesticides in water milfoil. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2020; 45:151-158. [PMID: 32913418 PMCID: PMC7453302 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.j20-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water milfoil is a sediment-rooted macrophyte contributing to the aquatic ecosystem, and the risk evaluation of pesticides on this new assessment species has attracted much attention. Knowledge of the shoot/root uptake, inner-plant translocation, and the metabolism of pesticides in water milfoil is essential for a detailed risk assessment and understanding toxicological mechanisms thereof; however, the behaviors have not been studied in detail. Using model studies, the author clarified shoot and root uptake dynamics of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid via water and sediment exposure, respectively, followed by transportation and metabolism at each plant portion; uptake and metabolism kinetics of simple phenols amended with regression analysis on physico-chemical parameters of the compounds; detailed metabolic fate of flumioxazin in various aquatic plants/phytoplankton, and an interspecies comparison. Similar approaches are fully applicable to clarifying the fate of pesticides in water milfoil and are expected to be useful for implementing advanced risk characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ando
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 4–2–1 Takarazuka, Hyogo 665–8555, Japan
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27
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Brinkmann M, Alharbi H, Fuchylo U, Wiseman S, Morandi G, Peng H, Giesy JP, Jones PD, Hecker M. Mechanisms of pH-Dependent Uptake of Ionizable Organic Chemicals by Fish from Oil Sands Process-Affected Water (OSPW). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9547-9555. [PMID: 32639732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Uptake and effects of ionizable organic chemicals (IOCs) that are weak acids in aqueous solution by fish can differ as a function of pH. While the pH-dependent behavior of select IOCs is well-understood, complex mixtures of IOCs, e.g., from oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), have not yet been studied systematically. Here, we established an in vitro screening method using the rainbow trout gill cell line, RTgill-W1, to investigate pH-dependent cytotoxicity and permeation of IOCs across cultured epithelia using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). The assay was benchmarked using model chemicals and technical mixtures, and then used to characterize fractions and reconstituted extracts of field-collected OSPW. Significant pH-dependent cytotoxicity of individual IOCs, acidic fractions, and reconstituted extracts of OSPW was observed. In vitro data were in good agreement with data from a 96 h in vivo exposure experiment with juvenile rainbow trout. Permeation of some IOCs from OSPW was mediated by active transport, as revealed by studies in which inhibitors of these active transport mechanisms were applied. We conclude that the RTgill-W1 in vitro assay is useful for the screening of pH-dependent uptake of IOCs in fish, and has applications for in vitro-in vivo extrapolation, and prioritization of chemicals in nontarget screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5C8, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- Global Institutes for Water Security (GIWS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Hattan Alharbi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulyana Fuchylo
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Garrett Morandi
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76706, United States
| | - Paul D Jones
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5C8, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon S7N 5C8, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon S7N 5B3, Canada
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28
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Sun M, Duker RQ, Gillissen F, Van den Brink PJ, Focks A, Rico A. Influence of pH on the toxicity of ionisable pharmaceuticals and personal care products to freshwater invertebrates. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 191:110172. [PMID: 31978762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The majority of pharmaceuticals and personal health-care products are ionisable molecules at environmentally relevant pHs. The ionization state of these molecules in freshwater ecosystems may influence their toxicity potential to aquatic organisms. In this study we evaluated to what extent varying pH conditions may influence the toxicity of the antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) and the personal care product ingredient triclosan (TCS) to three freshwater invertebrates: the ephemeropteran Cloeon dipterum, the amphipod Gammarus pulex and the snail Physella acuta. Acute toxicity tests were performed by adjusting the water pH to four nominal levels: 6.5, 7.0, 7.5 and 8.0. Furthermore, we tested the efficiency of three toxicity models with different assumptions regarding the uptake and toxicity potential of ionisable chemicals with the experimental data produced in this study. The results of the toxicity tests indicate that pH fluctuations of only 1.5 units can influence EC50-48 h and EC50-96 h values by a factor of 1.4-2.7. Overall, the model that only focuses on the fraction of neutral chemical and the model that takes into account ion-trapping of the test molecules showed the best performance, although present limitations to perform risk assessments across a wide pH range (i.e., well above or below the substance pKa). Under such conditions, the model that takes into account the toxicity of the neutral and the ionized chemical form is preferred. The results of this study show that pH fluctuations can have a considerable influence on toxicity thresholds, and should therefore be taken into account for the risk assessment of ionisable pharmaceuticals and personal health-care products. Based on our results, an assessment factor of at least three should be used to account for toxicity differences between standard laboratory and field pH conditions. The models evaluated here can be used to perform refined risk assessments by taking into account the influence of temporal and spatial pH fluctuations on aquatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, 266104, PR China
| | - Rahmat Quaigrane Duker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Gillissen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Focks
- Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreu Rico
- IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Escher BI, Abagyan R, Embry M, Klüver N, Redman AD, Zarfl C, Parkerton TF. Recommendations for Improving Methods and Models for Aquatic Hazard Assessment of Ionizable Organic Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:269-286. [PMID: 31569266 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ionizable organic chemicals (IOCs) such as organic acids and bases are an important substance class requiring aquatic hazard evaluation. Although the aquatic toxicity of IOCs is highly dependent on the water pH, many toxicity studies in the literature cannot be interpreted because pH was not reported or not kept constant during the experiment, calling for an adaptation and improvement of testing guidelines. The modulating influence of pH on toxicity is mainly caused by pH-dependent uptake and bioaccumulation of IOCs, which can be described by ion-trapping and toxicokinetic models. The internal effect concentrations of IOCs were found to be independent of the external pH because of organisms' and cells' ability to maintain a stable internal pH milieu. If the external pH is close to the internal pH, existing quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) for neutral organics can be adapted by substituting the octanol-water partition coefficient by the ionization-corrected liposome-water distribution ratio as the hydrophobicity descriptor, demonstrated by modification of the target lipid model. Charged, zwitterionic and neutral species of an IOC can all contribute to observed toxicity, either through concentration-additive mixture effects or by interaction of different species, as is the case for uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration. For specifically acting IOCs, we recommend a 2-step screening procedure with ion-trapping/QSAR models used to predict the baseline toxicity, followed by adjustment using the toxic ratio derived from in vitro systems. Receptor- or plasma-binding models also show promise for elucidating IOC toxicity. The present review is intended to help demystify the ecotoxicity of IOCs and provide recommendations for their hazard and risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:269-286. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michelle Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nils Klüver
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Christiane Zarfl
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Schweizer M, Brilisauer K, Triebskorn R, Forchhammer K, Köhler HR. How glyphosate and its associated acidity affect early development in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). PeerJ 2019; 7:e7094. [PMID: 31249735 PMCID: PMC6589083 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate is among the most extensively used pesticides worldwide. Following the ongoing highly controversial debate on this compound, its potential impact on non-target organisms is a fundamental scientific issue. In its pure compound form, glyphosate is known for its acidic properties. METHODS We exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to concentrations between 10 μM and 10 mM glyphosate in an unbuffered aqueous medium, as well as at pH 7, for 96 hours post fertilization (hpf). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of aqueous media in the range of pH 3 to 8, in comparison with 1 mM glyphosate treatment at the respective pH levels. Additionally, we exposed zebrafish to 7-deoxy-sedoheptulose (7dSh), another substance that interferes with the shikimate pathway by a mechanism analogous to that of glyphosate, at a concentration of one mM. The observed endpoints included mortality, the hatching rate, developmental delays at 24 hpf, the heart rate at 48 hpf and the malformation rate at 96 hpf. LC10/50, EC10 and, if reasonable, EC50 values were determined for unbuffered glyphosate. RESULTS The results revealed high mortalities in all treatments associated with low pH, including high concentrations of unbuffered glyphosate (>500 μM), low pH controls and glyphosate treatments with pH < 3.4. Sublethal endpoints like developmental delays and malformations occurred mainly at higher concentrations of unbuffered glyphosate. In contrast, effects on the hatching rate became particularly prominent in treatments at pH 7, showing that glyphosate significantly accelerates hatching compared with the control and 7dSh, even at the lowest tested concentration. Glyphosate also affected the heart rate, resulting in alterations both at pH 7 and, even more pronounced, in the unbuffered system. In higher concentrations, glyphosate tended to accelerate the heart rate in zebrafish embryos, again, when not masked by the decelerating influence of its low pH. At pH > 4, no mortality occurred, neither in the control nor in glyphosate treatments. At 1 mM, 7dSh did not induce any mortality, developmental delays or malformations; only slightly accelerated hatching and a decelerated heart rate were observed. Our results demonstrate that lethal impacts in zebrafish embryos can be attributed mainly to low pH, but we could also show a pH-independent effect of glyphosate on the development of zebrafish embryos on a sublethal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Schweizer
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Brilisauer
- Microbiology, Organismic Interactions, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany
| | - Karl Forchhammer
- Microbiology, Organismic Interactions, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinz-R. Köhler
- Institute of Evolution and Ecology, Animal Physiological Ecology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Miller TH, Gallidabino MD, MacRae JI, Owen SF, Bury NR, Barron LP. Prediction of bioconcentration factors in fish and invertebrates using machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 648:80-89. [PMID: 30114591 PMCID: PMC6234108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of machine learning has recently gained interest from ecotoxicological fields for its ability to model and predict chemical and/or biological processes, such as the prediction of bioconcentration. However, comparison of different models and the prediction of bioconcentration in invertebrates has not been previously evaluated. A comparison of 24 linear and machine learning models is presented herein for the prediction of bioconcentration in fish and important factors that influenced accumulation identified. R2 and root mean square error (RMSE) for the test data (n = 110 cases) ranged from 0.23-0.73 and 0.34-1.20, respectively. Model performance was critically assessed with neural networks and tree-based learners showing the best performance. An optimised 4-layer multi-layer perceptron (14 descriptors) was selected for further testing. The model was applied for cross-species prediction of bioconcentration in a freshwater invertebrate, Gammarus pulex. The model for G. pulex showed good performance with R2 of 0.99 and 0.93 for the verification and test data, respectively. Important molecular descriptors determined to influence bioconcentration were molecular mass (MW), octanol-water distribution coefficient (logD), topological polar surface area (TPSA) and number of nitrogen atoms (nN) among others. Modelling of hazard criteria such as PBT, showed potential to replace the need for animal testing. However, the use of machine learning models in the regulatory context has been minimal to date and is critically discussed herein. The movement away from experimental estimations of accumulation to in silico modelling would enable rapid prioritisation of contaminants that may pose a risk to environmental health and the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Miller
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Matteo D Gallidabino
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stewart F Owen
- AstraZeneca, Global Environment, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TF, UK
| | - Nicolas R Bury
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; Faculty of Science, Health and Technology, University of Suffolk, James Hehir Building, University Avenue, Ipswich, Suffolk IP3 0FS, UK
| | - Leon P Barron
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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32
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Sun C, Zhang G, Zheng H, Liu N, Shi M, Luo X, Chen L, Li F, Hu S. Fate of four phthalate esters with presence of Karenia brevis: Uptake and biodegradation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 206:81-90. [PMID: 30468977 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs), one class of the most frequently detected endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in marine environment, have aroused wide public concerns because of their carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, and mutagenicity. However, the environmental fate of PAEs in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms remains unclear. In this research, four PAEs with different alkyl chains, i.e., dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diallyl phthalate (DAP), and dipropyl phtalate (DPrP) were selected as models to investigate toxicity, uptake, and degradation of PAEs in seawater grown with K. brevis, one of the common harmful red tide species. The 96-h median effective concentration (96h-EC50) values followed the order of DMP (over 0.257 mmol L-1) > DEP (0.178 mmol L-1) > DAP (0.136 mmol L-1) > DPrP (0.095 mmol L-1), and the bio-concentration factors (BCFs) were positively correlated to the alkyl chain length. These results indicate that the toxicity of PAEs and their accumulation in K. brevis increased with increasing alkyl chains, due to the higher lipophicity of the longer chain PAEs. With growth of K. brevis for 96 h, the content of DMP, DEP, DAP, and DPrP decreased by 93.3%, 68.2%, 57.4% and 46.7%, respectively, mainly attributed to their biodegradation by K. brevis, accounting for 87.1%, 61%, 46%, 40% of their initial contents, respectively. It was noticed that abiotic degradation had little contribution to the total reduction of PAEs in the algal cultivation systems. Moreover, five metabolites were detected in the K. brevis when exposed to DEP including dimethyl phthalate (DMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), phthalic acid (PA), and protocatechuic acid (PrA). While when exposed with to DPrP, one additional intermediate compound diethyl phthalate (DEP) was detected in the cells of K. brevis in addition to the five metabolites mentioned above. These results confirm that the main biodegradation pathways of DEP and DPrP by K. brevis included de-esterification, demethylation or transesterification. These findings will provide valuable evidences for predicting the environmental fate and assessing potential risk of PAEs in the occurrence of harmful algal blooms in marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhu Sun
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mei Shi
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xianxiang Luo
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Fengmin Li
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Shugang Hu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
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Li F, Zhao L, Jinxu Y, Shi W, Zhou S, Yuan K, Sheng GD. Removal of dichlorophenol by Chlorella pyrenoidosa through self-regulating mechanism in air-tight test environment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:109-117. [PMID: 30099171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are surprisingly efficient to remove pollutants in a hermetically closed environment, though its growth is inhibited in the absence of pollutants. The final pH, algal density, Chl-a content, and the removal efficiency of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by Chlorellar pyrenoidosa in a closed system were observed under different initial pH, lighting regimes, and various carbon sources. The optimal condition for 2,4-DCP removal was obtained, and adopted to observe the evolution of above items by domesticated and origin strains. The results showed that both respiration and photosynthesis participated in the degradation of 2,4-DCP, and caused the changes of pH. The photosynthesis seemed to increase the solution pH, while the respiration and the biodegradation of 2,4-DCP to decrease the solution pH. The domesticated strain achieved nearly 100% removal when initial concentrations of 2,4-DCP lower than 200 μg L-1, due to providing a appropriate but narrow pH evolution range, mostly falling between 6.5 and 7.9. The research helps to understand the mechanism of biodegradation of chlorophenol compounds by green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feili Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yifei Jinxu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wen Shi
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - G Daniel Sheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Goss KU, Linden L, Ulrich N, Schlechtriem C. Revisiting elimination half live as an indicator for bioaccumulation in fish and terrestrial mammals. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:341-346. [PMID: 30007188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Current bioaccumulation regulation is focused on bioconcentration in fish. An extension to terrestrial mammals, e.g. rat, is urgently needed but will have to use a different metric, most likely the BMF. While both metrics are thermodynamically not equivalent the regulative testing requirements for both might be reduced to the investigation of the respective elimination rate constants k2 for fish or rat. These k2 values could be derived from animal tests or from in vitro - in vivo extrapolation and could be combined with estimated uptake rate constants to yield either a BCF or a BMF value. The possibility to use in vitro methods for k2 has the advantage that animal tests can be avoided and it bears the chance to experimentally cover species differences which are currently ignored in bioaccumulation regulation. Existing data for BCF and the respective k2 values for fish - either from feeding studies or from BCF studies themselves-indicate that this approach works. For terrestrial bioaccumulation this approach still needs further experimental support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Uwe Goss
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany; University of Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Lukas Linden
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadin Ulrich
- Department of Analytical Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, D-04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Schlechtriem
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, D-57392, Schmallenberg, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), Worringer Weg 1, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
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35
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Liu K, He Y, Xu S, Hu L, Luo K, Liu X, Liu M, Zhou X, Bai L. Mechanism of the effect of pH and biochar on the phytotoxicity of the weak acid herbicides imazethapyr and 2,4-D in soil to rice (Oryza sativa) and estimation by chemical methods. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:602-609. [PMID: 29929137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The existing form of an ionizable organic compound can simultaneously affect its soil adsorption and plant bioactivity. In this experiment, the adsorption and bioactivity of two weak acid herbicides (WAHs), imazethapyr and 2,4-D, were studied to explore the predominant mechanism by which the soil pH and the addition of biochar can influence the phytotoxicity of WAHs in soil. Then, the WAH concentration extracted by hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction (CHF-LPME), the in situ pore water concentration (CIPW) and the added concentration (CAC) were employed to estimate the phytotoxicity. The results showed that with increased pH from 5.5 to 8.5, the phytotoxicity of the WAHs to rice increased about 1-fold in the soil, but decreased in aqueous solutions, the IC50 values for imazethapyr and 2,4-D at pH 5.0 were 3- and 2-fold higher than that at pH 8.0. In addition, the soil adsorption decreased, indicating that the adsorption process was the dominant factor for the variation of the phytotoxicity of the WAHs in the tested soil instead of the decreasing bioactivity. The concentration that inhibits plant growth by 50% (IC50) calculated by the CAC in different pH and biochar soils ranged from 0.619 to 3.826 mg/kg for imazethapyr and 1.871-72.83 mg/kg for 2,4-D. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the IC50 values reached 65.61% for imazethapyr and 130.0% for 2,4-D. However, when IC50 was calculated by CIPW and CHF-LPME, the CVs of the IC50 values decreased to 23.51% and 36.23% for imazethapyr and 40.21% and 50.93% for 2,4-D, respectively. These results suggested that CIPW and CHF-LPME may be more appropriate than CAC for estimating the phytotoxicity of WAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Ying He
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Shiji Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Lifeng Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Kun Luo
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiangying Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xiaomao Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Biotechnology Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Farmland Weeds Control, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Liu S, Bekele TG, Zhao H, Cai X, Chen J. Bioaccumulation and tissue distribution of antibiotics in wild marine fish from Laizhou Bay, North China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1398-1405. [PMID: 29727963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Information about bioaccumulation and tissue distribution of antibiotics in wild marine fish is still limited. In the present study, tissue levels, bioaccumulation and distribution patterns of 9 sulfonamide (SA), trimethoprim (TMP), 5 fluoroquinolone (FQ), and 4 macrolide (ML) antibiotics were investigated in gill, muscle, kidney, and liver tissues of seven wild fish species collected from Laizhou Bay, North China in 2016. All the 19 antibiotics were detected in these fish tissues with the total concentrations ranging from 22ng/g dry weight (dw) to 500ng/g dw. The mean values of logarithm bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in the gills, muscles, kidneys, and livers ranged from 2.2 to 4.8, 1.9 to 4.0, 2.5 to 4.9, and 2.5 to 5.4, respectively. Log BAFs of antibiotics in these tissues significantly increased (r=0.61-0.77, p<0.001) with their logarithm values of liposome-water distribution coefficient (Dlipw) except in the muscles, suggesting that Dlipw can well assess the bioaccumulation potentials of antibiotics in phospholipid-rich tissues. In general, the SAs, TMP, and FQs were primarily accumulated in the muscles and the MLs were primarily in the livers, which may be related to their toxicokinetic processes of these marine fish. The present study for the first time reported the tissue distribution patterns of antibiotics in wild marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tadiyose-Girma Bekele
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiyun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
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37
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Redman AD, Parkerton TF, Butler JD, Letinski DJ, Frank RA, Hewitt LM, Bartlett AJ, Gillis PL, Marentette JR, Parrott JL, Hughes SA, Guest R, Bekele A, Zhang K, Morandi G, Wiseman S, Giesy JP. Application of the Target Lipid Model and Passive Samplers to Characterize the Toxicity of Bioavailable Organics in Oil Sands Process-Affected Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:8039-8049. [PMID: 29902380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Oil sand operations in Alberta, Canada will eventually include returning treated process-affected waters to the environment. Organic constituents in oil sand process-affected water (OSPW) represent complex mixtures of nonionic and ionic (e.g., naphthenic acids) compounds, and compositions can vary spatially and temporally, which has impeded development of water quality benchmarks. To address this challenge, it was hypothesized that solid phase microextraction fibers coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) could be used as a biomimetic extraction (BE) to measure bioavailable organics in OSPW. Organic constituents of OSPW were assumed to contribute additively to toxicity, and partitioning to PDMS was assumed to be predictive of accumulation in target lipids, which were the presumed site of action. This method was tested using toxicity data for individual model compounds, defined mixtures, and organic mixtures extracted from OSPW. Toxicity was correlated with BE data, which supports the use of this method in hazard assessments of acute lethality to aquatic organisms. A species sensitivity distribution (SSD), based on target lipid model and BE values, was similar to SSDs based on residues in tissues for both nonionic and ionic organics. BE was shown to be an analytical tool that accounts for bioaccumulation of organic compound mixtures from which toxicity can be predicted, with the potential to aid in the development of water quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Redman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. , Annandale , New Jersey 08801 , United States
| | - T F Parkerton
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. , Spring , Texas 77339 , United States
| | - J D Butler
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. , Annandale , New Jersey 08801 , United States
| | - D J Letinski
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. , Annandale , New Jersey 08801 , United States
| | - R A Frank
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - L M Hewitt
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - A J Bartlett
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - P L Gillis
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - J R Marentette
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - J L Parrott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - S A Hughes
- Shell Health-Americas , Houston , Texas 77002 , United States
- Department of Biological Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation , Clemson University , Clemson , South Carolina 29634 , United States
| | - R Guest
- Suncor Energy , Calgary , Alberta T2P 3E3 , Canada
| | - A Bekele
- Imperial, Heavy Oil Mining Research , Calgary , Alberta T2C 4P3 , Canada
| | - K Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - G Morandi
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5A2 , Canada
| | - S Wiseman
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B3 , Canada
| | - J P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5A2 , Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5B3 , Canada
- Department of Zoology, and Center for Integrative Toxicology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
- School of Biological Sciences , University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
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Secrétan PH, Karoui M, Levi Y, Sadou Yayé H, Tortolano L, Solgadi A, Yagoubi N, Do B. Pemetrexed degradation by photocatalytic process: Kinetics, identification of transformation products and estimation of toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1082-1094. [PMID: 29625523 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study employed a UV-A/visible/TiO2 system to investigate the degradation of pemetrexed, an antifolate agent used in chemotherapy. The laboratory-scale method employed a photostability chamber that could be used to study multiple samples. Reversed-phase HPLC coupled with high-resolution ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to determine the transformation products (TPs) of PEME. Based on the identified TPs and existing chemical knowledge, the mechanism of degradation of the target compound was proposed. Concentrations were monitored as a function of time, and the degradation kinetics were compared. The structures of seven TPs, four of which have not been described to date, were proposed. Most of the TPs stemmed from OH radical additions to the dihydropyrrole moiety and oxidative decarboxylation of the glutamate residue. Based on the elucidated structures, a computational toxicity assessment was performed, showing that the TPs with higher log D values than the parent compound are more toxic than the PEME itself. To support these findings, the toxicities of irradiated samples on Vibrio fischeri were monitored over time. The experimental results corresponded well with the results of previous computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe-Henri Secrétan
- University of Paris-Sud, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory "Matériaux et Santé" EA 401, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, Department of Pharmacy, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Maher Karoui
- University of Paris-Sud, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory "Matériaux et Santé" EA 401, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor, Department of Pharmacy, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Yves Levi
- University of Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 8079, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Hassane Sadou Yayé
- University of Paris-Sud, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory "Matériaux et Santé" EA 401, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Lionel Tortolano
- University of Paris-Sud, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory "Matériaux et Santé" EA 401, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor, Department of Pharmacy, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Audrey Solgadi
- University of Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Service d'Analyse des Médicaments et Métabolites, Institut d'Innovation Thérapeutique, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Najet Yagoubi
- University of Paris-Sud, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory "Matériaux et Santé" EA 401, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Bernard Do
- University of Paris-Sud, Department of Pharmacy, Laboratory "Matériaux et Santé" EA 401, 5 rue Jean Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor, Department of Pharmacy, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
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Khatikarn J, Satapornvanit K, Price OR, Van den Brink PJ. Effects of triclosan on aquatic invertebrates in tropics and the influence of pH on its toxicity on microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13244-13253. [PMID: 27543130 PMCID: PMC5978822 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial triclosan (TCS) has been detected in household wastewaters (untreated and treated) and receiving environments across the globe. The toxic effects of TCS on temperate standard aquatic test organisms have been widely reported with microalgae being the most sensitive. However, environmental differences between tropical and temperate regions may have selected different trait compositions between these two regions, which in turn may lead to a difference in species sensitivity. Therefore, additional information is required to better characterize risks to organisms in tropics and ensure biodiversity in these regions is not adversely impacted. This study aims to supplement existing TCS toxicity data with five aquatic invertebrates found in tropics and to compare the sensitivity between aquatic invertebrate species from tropical and temperate regions. In addition, the effect of pH on the toxicity of neutral and ionized forms of TCS to microalgae (Chlorella ellipsoidea) was investigated. The reported 96-h LC50 values for the studied invertebrate species ranged from 72 to 962 μg/L. There was no significant difference between the sensitivity of aquatic invertebrate species from tropical and temperate regions. EC50 values for C. ellipsoidea, with and without pH buffer, were significantly different. The findings of this study can be used to support site-specific water quality criteria and environmental risk assessment for TCS in tropical regions. However, further chronic and semi-field experiments with TCS could potentially enable a refined assessment of direct and indirect effects on tropical aquatic communities and further explore functional endpoints of tropical ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidapa Khatikarn
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Kriengkrai Satapornvanit
- Department of Fishery Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Oliver R Price
- Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, MK44 1LQ, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Wang S, Li X, Zhao H, Quan X, Chen S, Yu H. Enhanced adsorption of ionizable antibiotics on activated carbon fiber under electrochemical assistance in continuous-flow modes. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 134:162-169. [PMID: 29426033 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionizable antibiotics have attracted serious concerns because of their variable dissociation forms and thereby rendering unique toxicity and microorganism resistance. Developing an efficient and environmentally friendly method for removing these micropollutants from environmental media remains very challenging. Here, electro-assisted adsorption onto activated carbon fiber in continuous-flow mode was used to remove three ionizable antibiotics, sulfadimethoxine (SDM), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and clarithromycin (CLA), from water. Benefiting from strengthened electrostatic interactions, the adsorption capacities for the target antibiotics (10 mg/L) in flow mode (70.9-202.2 mg/g) increased by ∼5 times under a potential of 1.0 V (SDM) or -1.0 V (CIP and CLA) relative to those of open circuit (OC) adsorption. Meanwhile, effluent concentration decreased from >100 μg/L to 9.6 μg/L with removal efficiency increasing from 99.0% to 99.9%. Moreover, high recovery efficiency of ACF up to 96.35 ± 0.65% was achieved by imposing a reverse potential (-1.0 V) relative to that used for SDM adsorption. In addition, trace levels of antibiotics (364-580 ng/L) in surface water could be removed effectively to achieve low effluent concentration (0.4-1.2 ng/L) and high removal efficiency (99.9%) upon treating up to ∼1560 bed volumes (BVs), demonstrating the potential of electro-assisted adsorption for practical application in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, PR China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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Li C, Qu R, Chen J, Zhang S, Allam AA, Ajarem J, Wang Z. The pH-dependent toxicity of triclosan to five aquatic organisms (Daphnia magna, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Danio rerio, Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, and Carassius auratus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:9636-9646. [PMID: 29363032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antibacterial and antifungal agent widely used in personal care products, and it has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. In the present study, the acute toxicity of TCS to Daphnia magna, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Danio rerio, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was assessed under different pH conditions. Generally, TCS was more toxic to the four aquatic organisms in acidic medium. The LC50 values for D. magna and D. rerio were smaller among the selected species, suggesting that D. magna and D. rerio were more sensitive to TCS. In addition, the oxidative stress-inducing potential of TCS was evaluated in Carassius auratus at three pH values. Changes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione (GSH) level, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were commonly observed in all TCS exposure groups, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress in the liver of C. auratus. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index revealed that a high concentration of TCS induced great oxidative stress in goldfish under acidic condition. This work supplements the presently available data on the toxicity data of TCS, which would provide some useful information for the environmental risk assessment of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmed A Allam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 65211, Egypt
| | - Jamaan Ajarem
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Xianlin Campus, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Nolte TM, Pinto-Gil K, Hendriks AJ, Ragas AMJ, Pastor M. Quantitative structure-activity relationships for primary aerobic biodegradation of organic chemicals in pristine surface waters: starting points for predicting biodegradation under acclimatization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:157-170. [PMID: 29192704 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00375g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biomass and acclimation can affect the removal of organic chemicals in natural surface waters. In order to account for these effects and develop more robust models for biodegradation, we have compiled and curated removal data for un-acclimated (pristine) surface waters on which we developed quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs). Global analysis of the very heterogeneous dataset including neutral, anionic, cationic and zwitterionic chemicals (N = 233) using a random forest algorithm showed that useful predictions were possible (Qext2 = 0.4-0.5) though relatively large standard errors were associated (SDEP ∼0.7). Classification of the chemicals based on speciation state and metabolic pathway showed that biodegradation is influenced by the two, and that the dependence of biodegradation on chemical characteristics is non-linear. Class-specific QSAR analysis indicated that shape and charge distribution determine the biodegradation of neutral chemicals (R2 ∼ 0.6), e.g. through membrane permeation or binding to P450 enzymes, whereas the average biodegradation of charged chemicals is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude lower, for which degradation depends more directly on cellular uptake (R2 ∼ 0.6). Further analysis showed that specific chemical classes such as peptides and organic halogens are relatively less biodegradable in pristine surface waters, resulting in the need for the microbial consortia to acclimate. Additional literature data was used to verify an acclimation model (based on Monod-type kinetics) capable of extrapolating QSAR predictions to acclimating conditions such as in water treatment, downstream lakes and large rivers under μg L-1 to mg L-1 concentrations. The framework developed, despite being based on multiple assumptions, is promising and needs further validation using experimentation with more standardised and homogenised conditions as well as adequate characterization of the inoculum used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M Nolte
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P. O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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43
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Vanderveen JR, Geng J, Zhang S, Jessop PG. Diamines as switchable-hydrophilicity solvents with improved phase behaviour. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27318-27325. [PMID: 35540014 PMCID: PMC9083370 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05751f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Removing solvents by distillation is not a sustainable process because it requires the use of volatile solvents and a high energy input. An alternative is to use a switchable-hydrophilicity solvent (SHS), which can be removed from products and recycled without any distillation step. SHSs are solvents that reversibly switch between hydrophilic and hydrophobic forms with the addition and removal of a trigger such as CO2. Monoamine SHSs can be separated from dissolved products by extraction into carbonated water, but the solvent removal is limited by the distribution coefficient of the SHS between the carbonated water phase and the product phase. In this article, the use of diamines as SHSs with improved distribution coefficients is explored. Several diamine SHSs are identified and their properties compared to those of monoamine SHSs. Comparisons include the pKaH (the pKa of the conjugate acid of a base) and log Kow (log of the octanol–water partition coefficient) requirements for amines to act as SHSs, distribution coefficients, removal from hydrophobic liquids, switching speeds, and risks to the environment and human health and safety. Diamine switchable-hydrophilicity solvents can be removed from products, by carbonated water, with much greater efficiency than past switchable solvents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jialing Geng
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - Susanna Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
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44
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Meador JP, Yeh A, Gallagher EP. Determining potential adverse effects in marine fish exposed to pharmaceuticals and personal care products with the fish plasma model and whole-body tissue concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:1018-1029. [PMID: 28764109 PMCID: PMC5595653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The Fish Plasma Model (FPM) was applied to water exposure and tissue concentrations in fish collected from two wastewater treatment plant impacted estuarine sites. In this study we compared predicted fish plasma concentrations to Cmax values for humans, which represents the maximum plasma concentration for the minimum therapeutic dose. The results of this study show that predictions of plasma concentrations for a variety of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from effluent concentrations resulted in 37 compounds (54%) exceeding the response ratio (RR = Fish [Plasma]/1%Cmaxtotal) of 1 compared to 3 compounds (14%) detected with values generated with estuarine receiving water concentrations. When plasma concentrations were modeled from observed whole-body tissue residues, 16 compounds out of 24 detected for Chinook (67%) and 7 of 14 (50%) for sculpin resulted in an RRtissue value greater than 1, which highlights the importance of this dose metric over that using estuarine water. Because the tissue residue approach resulted in a high percentage of compounds with calculated response ratios exceeding a value of unity, we believe this is a more accurate representation for exposure in the field. Predicting plasma concentrations from tissue residues improves our ability to assess the potential for adverse effects in fish because exposure from all sources is captured. Tissue residues are also more likely to represent steady-state conditions compared to those from water exposure because of the inherent reduction in variability usually observed for field data and the time course for bioaccumulation. We also examined the RR in a toxic unit approach to highlight the importance of considering multiple compounds exhibiting a similar mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Meador
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Andrew Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Evan P Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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45
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Ando D, Fujisawa T, Katagi T. Fate of Flumioxazin in Aquatic Plants: Two Algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Synechococcus sp.), Duckweed (Lemna sp.), and Water Milfoil (Myriophyllum elatinoides). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8813-8822. [PMID: 28920683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Flumioxazin separately 14C-labeled at 1,2-positions of the tetrahydrophthalimide moiety or uniformly labeled at the phenyl ring was exposed to two algae and duckweed via the water layer and water milfoil via the water layer or bottom sediment for 14 days to investigate uptake and metabolic profiles in these aquatic plants. While 14C-flumioxazin received immediate hydrolysis through maleimide ring opening and amide bond cleavage with its hydrolytic half-life of <1 day in both water and sediment, the 14C-plant uptake was ≤4.7% of the applied radioactivity (%AR) with water exposure for all plants and 0.9%AR with sediment exposure for water milfoil. No 14C-translocation between shoot/leaves and roots occurred in water milfoil. The components of 14C residues in plants were common among the species, which were the above hydrolysates and their transformation products, that is, dicarboxylic acid derivative metabolized via hydroxylation at the double bond of the cyclohexene ring followed by sugar conjugation with its counterpart amine derivative via acid conjugations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ando
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , 4-2-1, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | - Takuo Fujisawa
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , 4-2-1, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665-8555, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Katagi
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. , 3-1-98, Kasugade-naka 3-chome, Konohana-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
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46
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Ding F, Yang X, Chen G, Liu J, Shi L, Chen J. Development of bovine serum albumin-water partition coefficients predictive models for ionogenic organic chemicals based on chemical form adjusted descriptors. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 144:131-137. [PMID: 28609662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The partition coefficients between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and water (KBSA/w) for ionogenic organic chemicals (IOCs) were different greatly from those of neutral organic chemicals (NOCs). For NOCs, several excellent models were developed to predict their logKBSA/w. However, it was found that the conventional descriptors are inappropriate for modeling logKBSA/w of IOCs. Thus, alternative approaches are urgently needed to develop predictive models for KBSA/w of IOCs. In this study, molecular descriptors that can be used to characterize the ionization effects (e.g. chemical form adjusted descriptors) were calculated and used to develop predictive models for logKBSA/w of IOCs. The models developed had high goodness-of-fit, robustness, and predictive ability. The predictor variables selected to construct the models included the chemical form adjusted averages of the negative potentials on the molecular surface (Vs-adj-), the chemical form adjusted molecular dipole moment (dipolemomentadj), the logarithm of the n-octanol/water distribution coefficient (logD). As these molecular descriptors can be calculated from their molecular structures directly, the developed model can be easily used to fill the logKBSA/w data gap for other IOCs within the applicability domain. Furthermore, the chemical form adjusted descriptors calculated in this study also could be used to construct predictive models on other endpoints of IOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ding
- College of Chemistry and Molecule Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Guosong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecule Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jining Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Baumer A, Bittermann K, Klüver N, Escher BI. Baseline toxicity and ion-trapping models to describe the pH-dependence of bacterial toxicity of pharmaceuticals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:901-916. [PMID: 28574566 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00099e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In numerous studies on the toxicity of ionisable organic chemicals, it has been shown that the toxicity was typically higher, when larger fractions of the neutral species were present. This observation was explained in some cases by slower uptake of charged species. In other cases it was suggested that the neutral species has intrinsically higher toxicity than the charged species or is alone responsible for the toxicity. However, even permanently charged and organic chemicals with multiple acid and base functional groups and zwitterions are toxic. We set out to reconcile the divergent views and to compare the various existing models for describing the pH-dependence of toxicity with the goal to derive one model that is valid independent of the type and number of charges on the molecule. To achieve this goal we measured the cytotoxicity of 18 acidic, 15 basic and 9 multiprotic/zwitterionic pharmaceuticals at pH 5.5 to pH 9 with the bioluminescence inhibition test using Aliivibrio fischeri (Microtox assay). This assay is useful for an evaluation of various models to describe pH-dependent toxicity because the majority of chemicals act as baseline toxicants in this 30 min cytotoxicity assay. Therefore baseline toxicity with constant membrane concentrations of the sum of all chemical species of approximately 200 mmol kglip-1 served for the validation of the suitability of the various tested models. We confirmed that most tested pharmaceuticals acted as baseline toxicants in this assay at all examined pH values, when toxicity was modeled with a mixture model of concentration addition between the neutral species and all charged species. An ion trapping model, that assumes that the membrane permeability of charged species is kinetically limited, improved model predictions for some pharmaceuticals and pH values. However, neither unhindered uptake nor no uptake of the charged species were ideal models; the reality lies presumably between the two limiting cases with a slower uptake of the charged species than the neutral species. For practical applications a previously developed QSAR model with the ionisation-corrected liposome-water distribution ratio as the sole physicochemical descriptor proved to be generally applicable for all ionisable organic chemicals including those with multiple charges and zwitterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Baumer
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, DE-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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48
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ARMITAGE JAMESM, ERICKSON RUSSELLJ, LUCKENBACH TILL, NG CARLAA, PROSSER RYANS, ARNOT JONA, SCHIRMER KRISTIN, NICHOLS JOHNW. Assessing the bioaccumulation potential of ionizable organic compounds: Current knowledge and research priorities. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:882-897. [PMID: 27992066 PMCID: PMC6172661 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to review the current knowledge regarding the bioaccumulation potential of ionizable organic compounds (IOCs), with a focus on the availability of empirical data for fish. Aspects of the bioaccumulation potential of IOCs in fish that can be characterized relatively well include the pH dependence of gill uptake and elimination, uptake in the gut, and sorption to phospholipids (membrane-water partitioning). Key challenges include the lack of empirical data for biotransformation and binding in plasma. Fish possess a diverse array of proteins that may transport IOCs across cell membranes. Except in a few cases, however, the significance of this transport for uptake and accumulation of environmental contaminants is unknown. Two case studies are presented. The first describes modeled effects of pH and biotransformation on the bioconcentration of organic acids and bases, while the second employs an updated model to investigate factors responsible for accumulation of perfluorinated alkyl acids. The perfluorinated alkyl acid case study is notable insofar as it illustrates the likely importance of membrane transporters in the kidney and highlights the potential value of read-across approaches. Recognizing the current need to perform bioaccumulation hazard assessments and ecological and exposure risk assessment for IOCs, the authors provide a tiered strategy that progresses (as needed) from conservative assumptions (models and associated data) to more sophisticated models requiring chemical-specific information. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:882-897. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- JAMES M. ARMITAGE
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Address correspondence to
| | - RUSSELL J. ERICKSON
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - TILL LUCKENBACH
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ — Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - CARLA A. NG
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - RYAN S. PROSSER
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - JON A. ARNOT
- University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - KRISTIN SCHIRMER
- Eawag, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
- EPFL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - JOHN W. NICHOLS
- Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Mid-Continent Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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Estimation of the toxicity of sulfadiazine to Daphnia magna using negligible depletion hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction independent of ambient pH. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39798. [PMID: 28004779 PMCID: PMC5177870 DOI: 10.1038/srep39798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of ionizable organic compounds to organisms depends on the pH, which therefore affects risk assessments of these compounds. However, there is not a direct chemical method to predict the toxicity of ionizable organic compounds. To determine whether hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) is applicable for this purpose, a three-phase HF-LPME was used to measure sulfadiazine and estimate its toxicity to Daphnia magna in solutions of different pH. The result indicated that the sulfadiazine concentrations measured by HF-LPME decreased with increasing pH, which is consistent with the decreased toxicity. The concentration immobilize 50% of the daphnids (EC50) in 48 h calculated from nominal concentrations increased from 11.93 to 273.5 mg L−1 as the pH increased from 6.0 to 8.5, and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the EC50 values reached 104.6%. When calculated from the concentrations measured by HF-LPME (pH 12 acceptor phase), the EC50 ranged from 223.4 to 394.6 mg L−1, and the CV decreased to 27.60%, suggesting that the concentrations measured by HF-LPME can be used to estimate the toxicity of sulfadiazine irrespective of the solution pH.
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Fantke P, Arnot JA, Doucette WJ. Improving plant bioaccumulation science through consistent reporting of experimental data. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 181:374-384. [PMID: 27393944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Experimental data and models for plant bioaccumulation of organic contaminants play a crucial role for assessing the potential human and ecological risks associated with chemical use. Plants are receptor organisms and direct or indirect vectors for chemical exposures to all other organisms. As new experimental data are generated they are used to improve our understanding of plant-chemical interactions that in turn allows for the development of better scientific knowledge and conceptual and predictive models. The interrelationship between experimental data and model development is an ongoing, never-ending process needed to advance our ability to provide reliable quality information that can be used in various contexts including regulatory risk assessment. However, relatively few standard experimental protocols for generating plant bioaccumulation data are currently available and because of inconsistent data collection and reporting requirements, the information generated is often less useful than it could be for direct applications in chemical assessments and for model development and refinement. We review existing testing guidelines, common data reporting practices, and provide recommendations for revising testing guidelines and reporting requirements to improve bioaccumulation knowledge and models. This analysis provides a list of experimental parameters that will help to develop high quality datasets and support modeling tools for assessing bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in plants and ultimately addressing uncertainty in ecological and human health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fantke
- Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Division, Department of Management Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet 424, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jon A Arnot
- ARC Arnot Research and Consulting, 36 Sproat Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4M 1W4, Canada; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - William J Doucette
- Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, 8200 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-8200, United States
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