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Ma X, Han X, Wang W, Zhang Q, Tang H. β-Catenin regulates ovarian granulosa cell cycle and proliferation in laying hens by interacting with TCF4. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103377. [PMID: 38301496 PMCID: PMC10846404 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian follicle development depends on the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells and is a complex biological process. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway can regulate ovarian follicle development, and β-catenin, encoded by catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), is the core component of this pathway. Although several studies of the mechanisms by which the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates cell proliferation in humans and mammals have reported, it remains unclear how β-catenin functions in poultry. To investigate the function of β-catenin in laying hens' follicle development, we evaluated the effect of CTNNB1 on cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) isolated from laying hens. We demonstrated that CTNNB1 significantly affected the expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1) and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-Myc) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), key genes related to cell cycle and proliferation, to promote cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase, and thus accelerate granulosa cell proliferation. CTNNB1 did not however affect apoptosis or the expression of related genes baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (BIRC5) and BCL2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl-2). Overexpression of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF4) resulted in increased expression of CCND1, accelerated cell cycle progression, and granulosa cell proliferation. Direct physical interaction between β-catenin and TCF4 was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation. The proliferation of granulosa cells was inhibited by silencing CCND1; overexpression of TCF4 in CCND1-silenced cells restored their proliferation rate to normal levels. These results indicate that the interaction of TCF4 and β-catenin promotes CCND1 expression which in turn accelerates the cell cycle process of laying hen hierarchical follicular granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ma
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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2
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Lettoof DC, Nguyen TV, Richmond WR, Nice HE, Gagnon MM, Beale DJ. Bioaccumulation and metabolic impact of environmental PFAS residue on wild-caught urban wetland tiger snakes (Notechis scutatus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165260. [PMID: 37400030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
PFAS contamination of urban waters is widespread but understanding the biological impact of its accumulation is limited to humans and common ecotoxicological model organisms. Here, we combine PFAS exposure and bioaccumulation patterns with whole organism responses and omics-based ecosurveillance methods to investigate the potential impacts of PFAS on a top predator of wetlands, the tiger snake (Notechis scutatus). Tiger snakes (18 male and 17 female) were collected from four wetlands with varying PFAS chemical profiles and concentrations in Perth, Western Australia. Tiger snake livers were tested for 28 known PFAS compounds, and Σ28PFAS in liver tissues ranged between 322 ± 193 μg/kg at the most contaminated site to 1.31 ± 0.86 μg/kg at the least contaminated site. The dominant PFAS compound detected in liver tissues was PFOS. Lower body condition was associated with higher liver PFAS, and male snakes showed signs of high bioaccumulation whereas females showed signs of maternal offloading. Biochemical profiles of snake muscle, fat (adipose tissue), and gonads were analysed using a combination of liquid chromatography triple quadrupole (QqQ) and quadrupole time-of-flight (QToF) mass spectrometry methodologies. Elevated PFAS was associated with enriched energy production and maintenance pathways in the muscle, and had weak associations with energy-related lipids in the fat tissue, and lipids associated with cellular genesis and spermatogenesis in the gonads. These findings demonstrate the bioavailability of urban wetland PFAS in higher-order reptilian predators and suggest a negative impact on snake health and metabolic processes. This research expands on omics-based ecosurveillance tools for informing mechanistic toxicology and contributes to our understanding of the impact of PFAS residue on wildlife health to improve risk management and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Lettoof
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia.
| | - T V Nguyen
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia; NTT Institute of High Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - W R Richmond
- Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Government of Western Australia, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - H E Nice
- Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Government of Western Australia, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - M M Gagnon
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Brand Drive, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - D J Beale
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia
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3
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Lopez-Antia A, Piña B, Lacorte S, Bervoets L, Eens M. Transcriptomic effects of Perfluoralkyl acids on the adipose tissue of a songbird species at environmentally relevant concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121478. [PMID: 36972811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoralkyl acids (PFAS) have been regarded as global pollutants for at least twenty years, with potentially negative physiological effects on multiple vertebrate species including humans. Here we analyze the effects of the administration of environmentally-relevant levels of PFAS on caged canaries (Serinus canaria) by using a combination of physiological, immunological, and transcriptomic analyses. This constitutes a completely new approach to understand the toxicity pathway of PFAS in birds. While we observed no effects on physiological and immunological parameters (e.g, body weight, fat index, cell-mediated immunity), the transcriptome of the pectoral fatty tissue showed changes compatible with the known effects of PFAS as obesogens in other vertebrates, particularly in mammals. First, transcripts related to the immunological response were affected (mainly enriched), including several key signaling pathways. Second, we found a repression of genes related to the peroxisome response and fatty acid metabolism. We interpret these results as indicative of the potential hazard of environmental concentrations of PFAS on the fat metabolism and the immunological system of birds, while exemplifying the ability of transcriptomic analyses of detecting early physiological responses to toxicants. As the potentially affected functions are essential for the survival of the animals during, for example, migration, our results underline the need for tight control of the exposure of natural populations of birds to these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez-Antia
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- ECOSPHERE, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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4
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Abudayyak M, Karaman EF, Guler ZR, Ozden S. Effects of perfluorooctanoic acid on endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism-related genes in human pancreatic cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104083. [PMID: 36804611 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is environmentally persistent and has been classified by The International Cancer Research Agency (IARC) as a possible human pancreatic carcinogen. In this study, the epigenetic alteration, the changes in the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related and metabolism-related genes, as well as DNA methyltransferase expression were investigated using RT-PCR and ELISA assays. PFOA induced a significant increase in the methylation ratio (5-mC%), impacted DNA methylation maintenance gene expression and decreased lipid metabolism-related genes except for PPARγ (≥ 13-fold increase). While PFOA induced the expression of ATF4 (≥ 5.41-folds), CHOP (≥ 5.41-folds) genes, it inhibited the expression of ATF6 (≥ 67.2%), GRP78 (≥ 64.3%), Elf2α (≥ 95.8%), IRE1 (≥ 95.5%), and PERK (≥ 91.7%) genes. It is thought that epigenetic mechanisms together with disruption in the glucose-lipid metabolism and changes in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes may play a key role in PFOA-induced pancreatic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ecem Fatma Karaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Rana Guler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Mu H, Wang J, Chen L, Hu H, Wang J, Gu C, Ren H, Wu B. Identification and characterization of diverse isomers of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Chinese municipal wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 230:119580. [PMID: 36638730 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Linear and branched isomers of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are simultaneously present in the environment. However, isomer profiles of PFASs in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are still unknown because of the limitations of standards. Here, influent and effluent samples from 148 municipal WWTPs in China were collected. Ion mobility spectrometry was introduced into high-resolution mass spectrometry-based suspect screening methods to identify the target and suspect PFAS isomers. A total of 38 branched isomers of 14 typical PFASs were identified in wastewater samples. Linear PFASs had higher detection rates (22.3%-100%) than branched isomers (2.0%-98%). Compared to the influents, proportions of branched isomers of most PFASs (except for perfluoropentanoic acid and perfluorohexanoic acid) increased in the effluents. The conventional biological treatment processes (such as anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic and oxidation ditch treatments) had poor removal efficiency for linear PFASs (<21.4%) and branched isomers (<13.4%). No difference on removal efficiency among treatment processes was found. Furthermore, isomer composition in the WWTPs showed obvious differences between East China region and other regions, and the usage of short-chain PFASs (perfluorobutanesulfonic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid) may be a key factor for driving this difference. This study sheds lights on the identification and characterization of PFAS isomers in WWTPs, which would be useful for development of monitoring and control strategies of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haidong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Zeng XW, Bloom MS, Wei F, Liu L, Qin J, Xue L, Wang S, Huang G, Teng M, He B, Mao X, Chu C, Lin S, Dong GH, Tan W. Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Follicular Fluid and Embryo Quality during IVF: A Prospective IVF Cohort in China. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:27002. [PMID: 36723383 PMCID: PMC9891133 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) have been measured in ovarian follicular fluid from women using in vitro fertilization (IVF), although associations between follicular fluid PFAA and IVF outcomes have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We investigated the association between follicular fluid PFAA and embryo quality in women undergoing IVF. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 729 women undergoing IVF treatment in Guangxi province, China, from July 2018 to December 2018. We measured 32 PFAA, including branched isomers, in follicular fluid using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. We applied restricted cubic splines, linear regression, and log-binominal regression models to investigate associations between follicular fluid PFAA and embryo quality, adjusting for confounding variables and investigated oocyte maturity as an intervening variable using causal mediation analysis. We further estimated the overall effect of the PFAA mixture on outcomes using Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS We detected 8 of 32 measured PFAA in >85% of follicular fluid samples. Higher PFAA concentrations were associated with fewer high-quality embryos from IVF. The high-quality embryo rates at the 50th percentile of linear perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate acid (n-PFOS), all branched PFOS isomers (Br-PFOS) and linear perfluoro-n-octanoic acid (n-PFOA) were -6.34% [95% confidence interval (CI): -9.45, -3.32%], -16.78% (95% CI: -21.98, -11.58%) and -8.66% (95% CI: -11.88, -5.43%) lower, respectively, than the high quality embryo rates at the reference 10th percentile of PFAA. Oocyte maturity mediated 11.76% (95% CI: 3.18, 31.80%) and 14.28% (95% CI: 2.95, 31.27%) of the n-PFOS and n-PFOA associations, respectively. The results of the BKMR models showed a negative association between the PFAA mixture and the probability of high-quality embryos, with branched PFOS isomers having posterior inclusion probabilities of 1 and accounting for the majority of the association. DISCUSSION Exposure to higher PFAA concentrations in follicular fluid was associated with poorer embryo quality during IVF. Branched PFOS isomers may have a stronger effect than linear PFOS isomers. More studies are needed to confirm these findings and to directly estimate the effects on pregnancy and live-birth outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10857.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael S. Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Fu Wei
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liling Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lintao Xue
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shikai Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guolan Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Teng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xianbao Mao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, 12 Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, 12 Albany, NY, USA
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health Risk Assessment, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Genetics Center, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Lai TT, Kuntz D, Wilson AK. Molecular Screening and Toxicity Estimation of 260,000 Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) through Machine Learning. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:4569-4578. [PMID: 36154169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of chemicals widely used in industrial applications due to their exceptional properties and stability. However, they do not readily degrade in the environment and are linked to contamination and adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. To find alternatives for the most commonly used PFAS molecules that maintain their desirable chemical properties but are not adverse to biological lifeforms, a novel approach based upon machine learning is utilized. The machine learning model is trained on an existing set of PFAS molecules to generate over 260,000 novel PFAS molecules, which we dub PFAS-AI-Gen. Using molecular descriptors with known relationships to toxicity and industrial suitability followed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, this set of molecules is screened. In this manner, increasingly complex calculations are performed only for candidate molecules that are most likely to yield the desired properties of low binding affinity toward two selected protein receptors, the human pregnane x receptor (hPXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), and high industrial suitability, defined by critical micelle concentration (CMC). The selection criteria of low binding affinity and high industrial suitability are relative to the popular PFAS alternative GenX. hPXR and PPAR-γ are selected as they are PFAS targets and facilitate a variety of functions, such as drug metabolism and glucose regulation, respectively. Through this approach, 22 promising new PFAS substitutes that may warrant experimental investigation are identified. This integrated approach of molecular screening and toxicity estimation may be applicable to other chemical classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh T Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - David Kuntz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
| | - Angela K Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48823, United States
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Ou Y, Zeng X, Lin S, Bloom MS, Han F, Xiao X, Wang H, Matala R, Li X, Qu Y, Nie Z, Dong G, Liu X. Gestational exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and congenital heart defects: A nested case-control pilot study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106567. [PMID: 33882431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that environmental pollutants may contribute to the occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHDs). However, no previous studies have evaluated the impact of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), persistent environmental pollutants, on CHDs. This exploratory study aimed to generate testable hypotheses of the association between gestational PFAS and the risk of CHDs. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted in a cohort of 11,578 newborns. Exposure odds ratios were compared between 158 CHD cases and 158 non-malformed controls delivered at the same hospital, individually matched by maternal age (±5 years) and parity. Concentrations of 27 PFAS, including linear and branched isomers, were determined in maternal peripheral blood and cord blood plasma collected before and during delivery using a ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression was utilized to evaluate associations between individual PFAS and the risk of CHDs, adjusted for confounding variables. RESULTS Maternal gestational exposure to the highly branched perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) isomer potassium 6-trifluoromethyperfluoroheptanesulfonate [6 m-PFOS, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (95% CI) = 2.47(1.05,5.83)] and perfluorodecanoic acid [PFDA, aOR (95% CI) = 2.33(1.00,5.45)] were associated with increased odds of septal defects with statistical significance, while linear PFOS [aOR (95% CI) = 3.65(1.09,12.16)] and perfluoro-n-dodecanoic acid [PFDoA, aOR (95% CI) = 6.82(1.75, 26.61)] were associated with conotruncal defects. Effect estimates also suggested associations for higher maternal 6 m-PFOS and PFDA concentrations with ventricular septal defect. However, we did not observe these associations in cord blood. CONCLUSION These exploratory findings suggested that gestational exposure to most PFAS, especially linear PFOS, 6 m-PFOS, PFDA, and PFDoA, was associated with greater risks for septal and conotruncal defects. However, a larger, adequately powered study is needed to confirm our findings, and to more comprehensively investigate the potential teratogenic effects of other more recently introduced PFAS, and on associations with individual CHD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Ou
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, #96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shao Lin
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, Albany, NY 12144, USA.
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030 USA
| | - Fengzhen Han
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, 6 Chenggui Road, East District, Zhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Rosemary Matala
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, One University Place, Rensselaer, Albany, NY 12144, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Research Department of Medical Science, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanji Qu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, #96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhiqiang Nie
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, #96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, #96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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9
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Ankley GT, Cureton P, Hoke RA, Houde M, Kumar A, Kurias J, Lanno R, McCarthy C, Newsted J, Salice CJ, Sample BE, Sepúlveda MS, Steevens J, Valsecchi S. Assessing the Ecological Risks of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Current State-of-the Science and a Proposed Path Forward. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:564-605. [PMID: 32897586 PMCID: PMC7984443 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) encompass a large, heterogenous group of chemicals of potential concern to human health and the environment. Based on information for a few relatively well-understood PFAS such as perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoate, there is ample basis to suspect that at least a subset can be considered persistent, bioaccumulative, and/or toxic. However, data suitable for determining risks in either prospective or retrospective assessments are lacking for the majority of PFAS. In August 2019, the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry sponsored a workshop that focused on the state-of-the-science supporting risk assessment of PFAS. The present review summarizes discussions concerning the ecotoxicology and ecological risks of PFAS. First, we summarize currently available information relevant to problem formulation/prioritization, exposure, and hazard/effects of PFAS in the context of regulatory and ecological risk assessment activities from around the world. We then describe critical gaps and uncertainties relative to ecological risk assessments for PFAS and propose approaches to address these needs. Recommendations include the development of more comprehensive monitoring programs to support exposure assessment, an emphasis on research to support the formulation of predictive models for bioaccumulation, and the development of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods to efficiently assess biological effects for potentially sensitive species/endpoints. Addressing needs associated with assessing the ecological risk of PFAS will require cross-disciplinary approaches that employ both conventional and new methods in an integrated, resource-effective manner. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:564-605. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T. Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Philippa Cureton
- Science and Risk Assessment Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, GatineauQuebecCanada
| | | | - Magali Houde
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, MontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Anupama Kumar
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation UrrbraeSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jessy Kurias
- Science and Risk Assessment Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, GatineauQuebecCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria S. Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue UniversityWest LayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jeffery Steevens
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research CenterColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Sara Valsecchi
- Water Research Institute, National Research CouncilBrugherioMonza and BrianzaItaly
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10
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Khan EA, Zhang X, Hanna EM, Yadetie F, Jonassen I, Goksøyr A, Arukwe A. Application of quantitative transcriptomics in evaluating the ex vivo effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) ovarian physiology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142904. [PMID: 33138996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Because of their global consumption and persistence, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), are ubiquitously distributed in the environment, as well as in wildlife and humans. In the present study, we have employed an ex vivo organ culture technique, based on the floating agarose method, of Atlantic cod ovarian tissue to investigate the effects of three different concentrations of PFOS, PFOA (1, 5 and 25 μM) and PFNA (0.5, 5 and 50 μM), used singly and in also in combination (1×, 20× and 100×). In the 1× exposure mixture, concentrations were decided based on their proportional levels (in molar equivalents) relative to PFOS, which is the most abundant PFAS in cod liver from a 2013 screening project. To investigate the detailed underlying mechanisms and biological processes, transcriptome sequencing was performed on exposed ovarian tissue. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) having at least 0.75 log2-fold change was elevated in high, compared to low and medium concentration exposures. The highest PFNA, PFOA and PFOS concentrations, and the highest (100×) mixture exposure, showed 40, 68, 1295, and 802 DEGs, respectively. The latter two exposure groups shared a maximum of 438 DEGs. In addition, they both shared the majority of functionally enriched pathways belonging to biological processes such as cellular signaling, cell adhesion, lipid metabolism, immunological responses, cancer, reproduction and metabolism. Shortlisted DEGs that were specifically annotated to reproduction associated gene ontology (GO) terms were observed only in the highest PFOS and mixture exposure groups. These transcripts contributed to ovarian key events such as steroidogenesis (star, cyp19a1a), oocyte growth (amh), maturation (igfbp5b, tgfβ2, tgfβ3), and ovulation (pgr, mmp2). Contrary to other PFAS congeners, the highest PFOS concentration showed almost similar transcript expression patterns compared to the highest mixture exposure group. This indicates that PFOS is the active component of the mixture that significantly altered the normal functioning of female gonads, and possibly leading to serious reproductive consequences in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaokang Zhang
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Eileen Marie Hanna
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Fekadu Yadetie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Inge Jonassen
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway
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11
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Guardian MGE, Antle JP, Vexelman PA, Aga DS, Simpson SM. Resolving unknown isomers of emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in environmental samples using COSMO-RS-derived retention factor and mass fragmentation patterns. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123478. [PMID: 32731116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic retention factors (k) and mass spectral fragmentation patterns of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were determined using the optimized parameters in liquid chromatography with tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) analysis. Characteristic fragment ions obtained at various collision energies (MS2 fragmentation) were used to determine the structures of newly discovered (emerging) PFASs detected from industrial effluent and surface water samples. Moreover, COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Realistic Solvents (COSMO-RS) derived octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow), along with mean isotropic polarizabilities calculated from Density Functional Theory (DFT), of known PFASs were plotted against their experimental k values (kexp) to obtain a multivariable regression model that can be used to predict k values of unknown PFASs. The k values of different structural isomers of unknown PFASs were calculated and compared to kexp. The predicted k value for the isomer that matches the MS2 fragmentation observed was found to be within 4.2 % of kexp. This study demonstrates the applicability of an approach that combines the observed MS2 fragmentation patterns and k values, together with computationally-derived log Kow and polarizabilities, in assigning the structures of unknown PFASs at environmentally relevant conditions when no reference standards are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Grace E Guardian
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14260, United States
| | - Jonathan P Antle
- Department of Chemistry, St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, NY, 14778, United States
| | - Paul A Vexelman
- Department of Chemistry, St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, NY, 14778, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, 14260, United States.
| | - Scott M Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, NY, 14778, United States.
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12
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Liu Y, Li A, Buchanan S, Liu W. Exposure characteristics for congeners, isomers, and enantiomers of perfluoroalkyl substances in mothers and infants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106012. [PMID: 32771830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous in the environment, making it inevitable for humans to be exposed to these pollutants. The exposure begins while in utero and continues in infancy, during the potentially most sensitive early stages of life. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pre- and neo-natal exposures based on more than 200 articles published from 2000 to date. All relevant biological matrices used in the cited studies were included, such as maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, breast milk, placenta, amniotic fluid, fetal organs, newborns' dried blood spots, and infant serum. We show that such exposures are geographically global with significant discrepancies among countries and continents, and that while the levels of major legacy PFASs (PFOS and PFOA) have declined since 2000, those of others may have not. We also show that levels of PFOS and PFOA exceed those of some major environmental toxins, such as p,p'-DDE, BDE-47, PCB-153, PBB-153, and OH-PBDEs in maternal blood. Given that the behavior and potential effects have an origin in molecular structure, biomonitoring and research at the levels of isomers and enantiomers are critically important. Through critical analysis of these works, we summarize the major achievements, consensus, and the deficiencies of existing research. To our knowledge, this is the first review on the overall internal exposure status of mothers and infants to PFASs during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - An Li
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Susan Buchanan
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Weiping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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13
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Sonkar R, Kay MK, Choudhury M. PFOS Modulates Interactive Epigenetic Regulation in First-Trimester Human Trophoblast Cell Line HTR-8/SV neo. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:2016-2027. [PMID: 31508952 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic compounds have been linked to adverse pregnancy complications. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), a man-made fluorosurfactant and global pollutant, has been shown to induce oxidative stress in various cell types. Oxidative stress plays a key role in leading several placental diseases including preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes, spontaneous abortion, preterm labor, and intrauterine growth restriction. Recently, epigenetic regulation such as histone modifications, DNA methylation, and microRNAs (miRNAs), are shown to be associated with oxidative stress as well as pregnancy complications such as PE. However, whether PFOS exerts its detrimental effects in the placenta through epigenetics remains to be unveiled. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of PFOS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in first trimester human trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo) and whether epigenetic regulation is involved in this process. When treated with a range of PFOS doses at 24 and 48 h, even at 10 μM, it significantly increased the ROS production and decreased gene and protein expression, respectively, of the DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 (p < 0.001; p < 0.05), DNMT3A (p < 0.001; p < 0.05), and DNMT3B (p < 0.01; p < 0.01) and the sirtuins, for example, SIRT1 (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) and SIRT3 (p < 0.001; p < 0.05), while reducing global DNA methylation (p < 0.01) and increasing protein lysine acetylation (p < 0.001) as compared to vehicle controls. Interestingly, PFOS (10 μM) significantly increased miR29-b (p < 0.01), which has been previously reported to be associated with PE. The observed epigenetic effects were shown to be dependent on the expression of miR-29b, as knockdown of miR-29b significantly alters the gene and protein expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, SIRT1, and SIRT3 and ROS production as well as global DNA methylation and protein acetylation. This study provides for the first time a novel insight into PFOS-induced ROS generation via regulation of sets of the interactive epigenetic circuit in the placenta, which may lead to pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , 312 REYN, MS 1114 , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Matthew K Kay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , 312 REYN, MS 1114 , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy , Texas A&M Health Science Center , 312 REYN, MS 1114 , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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14
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Wang J, Zeng XW, Bloom MS, Qian Z, Hinyard LJ, Belue R, Lin S, Wang SQ, Tian YP, Yang M, Chu C, Gurram N, Hu LW, Liu KK, Yang BY, Feng D, Liu RQ, Dong GH. Renal function and isomers of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS): Isomers of C8 Health Project in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 218:1042-1049. [PMID: 30609483 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widely-utilized synthetic chemicals commonly found in industrial and consumer products. Previous studies have examined associations between PFASs and renal function, yet the results are mixed. Moreover, evidence on the associations of isomers of PFASs with renal function in population from high polluted areas is scant. To help to address this data gap, we used high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure serum isomers of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and other PFASs from 1612 adults residing in Shenyang, China, and characterized their associations with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Results showed that after adjusted for multiple confounding factors, most of the higher fluorinated PFASs, except for PFOA and PFDA, were negatively associated with eGFR and positively associated with CKD. Compared with linear PFOS (n-PFOS), branched PFOS isomers (Br-PFOS) were more strongly associated with eGFR (Br-PFOS; β = -1.22, 95%CI: 2.02, -0.42; p = 0.003 vs. n-PFOS; β = -0.16, 95%CI: 0.98, 0.65; p = 0.691) and CKD (Br-PFOS; OR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.58; p = 0.037 vs. n-PFOS; OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.80, 1.20; p = 0.834). In conclusion, branched PFOS isomers were negatively associated with renal function whereas their linear counterparts were not. Given widespread exposure to PFASs, potential nephrotoxic effects are of great public health concern, Furthermore, longitudinal research on the potential nephrotoxic effects of PFASs isomers will be necessary to more definitively assess the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences & Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Zhengmin Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, 63104, USA
| | - Leslie J Hinyard
- Center for Health Outcomes Research, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, 63104, USA
| | - Rhonda Belue
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences & Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Si-Quan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yan-Peng Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Namratha Gurram
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Environmental Health Sciences & Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kang-Kang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ru-Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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15
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Lopez-Antia A, Groffen T, Lasters R, AbdElgawad H, Sun J, Asard H, Bervoets L, Eens M. Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) Concentrations and Oxidative Status in Two Generations of Great Tits Inhabiting a Contamination Hotspot. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1617-1626. [PMID: 30615438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) contrasts with the limited information about their effects. We report here PFAA plasma concentrations in wild populations of great tits ( Parus major) settled at and in the vicinity of a fluorochemical plant in Antwerp (Belgium). Using two generations we obtained novel results on some poorly known issues such as differences between sexes, maternal transfer of the compounds and potential associations with the oxidative status. For five out of the 11 detected PFAAs, the concentrations were the highest ever reported in birds' plasma, which confirms that Antwerp is one of the main hotspots for PFAAs pollution. Contrary to other studies conducted in birds, we found that females presented higher mean concentrations and detection frequencies for two compounds (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA)) than males. Maternal transfer and the dietary intake appear to be the main route of exposure for nestlings to PFOS but not to other compounds. Finally, PFAA concentrations tended to correlate positively with protein damage in adult birds while in nestlings they positively correlated with higher activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and catalase). Experimental work is needed to confirm oxidative stress as a pathway for the pernicious effects of PFAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lopez-Antia
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Thimo Groffen
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Robin Lasters
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science , Beni-Suef University , 62521 Beni-Suef , Egypt
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Han Asard
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicologal Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group (BECO), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Wilrijk , Belgium
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Chen M, Wang Q, Shan G, Zhu L, Yang L, Liu M. Occurrence, partitioning and bioaccumulation of emerging and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Taihu Lake, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:251-259. [PMID: 29627548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There are many studies about the occurrence of legacy perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in fresh water ecosystem, but related information about emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is limited. In this study, along with ten legacy PFAAs, twelve non-PFAAs, including precursors of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and emerging PFASs in the water, sediment and organisms in Taihu Lake, China, were investigated. As one replacement product of PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) (mean: 69.3ng/L) was the predominant PFAA in the water samples. Perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) (mean: 0.190ng/L) and 6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester (6:2 diPAP) (0.034ng/L) were detected in all the water samples. Other emerging PFASs, such as N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoa-cetic acid (NEtFOSAA), bis(perfluorohexyl) phosphinic acid (6:6 PFPiA) were frequently detected in the sediment and/or organisms. The organic carbon normalized sediment-water distribution coefficients (KOC) and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of the PFASs generally increased with their log KOW values. However, PFOSA, NEtFOSAA, 6:2 diPAP and 6:6 PFPiA displayed lower log BAFs, and/or lower log KOC than expected, which may be due to biotransformation potentials and/or large molecular size. PFOSA was not biomagnified in the food web. For other emerging PFASs, the low detection frequencies in the organisms hampered us to evaluate their biomagnification potentials. The lower percentage of most of the branched PFOS isomers while higher percentage of 1m-PFOS in the organisms suggested that there was indirect source of PFOS in the organisms. Similar to PFOS and PFOA, linear PFHxS isomer was preferentially enriched in organisms relative to its branched isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Shan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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17
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Jacobsen AV, Nordén M, Engwall M, Scherbak N. Effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate on genes controlling hepatic fatty acid metabolism in livers of chicken embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:23074-23081. [PMID: 29860686 PMCID: PMC6096545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic surfactants with a wide variety of applications; however, due to their stability, they are particularly resistant to degradation and, as such, are classed as persistent organic pollutants. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one such PFAS that is still detectable in a range of different environmental settings, despite its use now being regulated in numerous countries. Elevated levels of PFOS have been detected in various avian species, and the impact of this on avian health is of interest when determining acceptable levels of PFOS in the environment. Due to its similarities to naturally occurring fatty acids, PFOS has potential to disrupt a range of biological pathways, particularly those associated with lipid metabolism, and this has been shown in various species. In this study, we have investigated how in ovo exposure to environmentally relevant levels of PFOS affects expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism of developing chicken embryos. We have found a broad suppression of transcription of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and PPAR-mediated transcription with more significant effects apparent at lower doses of PFOS. These results highlight the need for more research investigating the biological impacts of low levels of PFAS to properly inform environmental policy governing their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette V Jacobsen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
- The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Marcus Nordén
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Engwall
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Scherbak
- The Life Science Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
- MTM Research Center, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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18
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Gobelius L, Hedlund J, Dürig W, Tröger R, Lilja K, Wiberg K, Ahrens L. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Swedish Groundwater and Surface Water: Implications for Environmental Quality Standards and Drinking Water Guidelines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4340-4349. [PMID: 29527894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Swedish aquatic environment, identify emission sources, and compare measured concentrations with environmental quality standards (EQS) and (drinking) water guideline values. In total, 493 samples were analyzed in 2015 for 26 PFASs (∑26PFASs) in surface water, groundwater, landfill leachate, sewage treatment plant effluents and reference lakes, focusing on hot spots and drinking water sources. Highest ∑26PFAS concentrations were detected in surface water (13 000 ng L-1) and groundwater (6400 ng L-1). The dominating fraction of PFASs in surface water were perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs; 64% of ∑26PFASs), with high contributions from C4-C8 PFCAs (94% of ∑PFCAs), indicating high mobility of shorter chain PFCAs. In inland surface water, the annual average (AA)-EQS of the EU Water Framework Directive of 0.65 ng L-1 for ∑PFOS (linear and branched isomers) was exceeded in 46% of the samples. The drinking water guideline value of 90 ng L-1 for ∑11PFASs recommended by the Swedish EPA was exceeded in 3% of the water samples from drinking water sources ( n = 169). The branched isomers had a noticeable fraction in surface- and groundwater for perfluorooctanesulfonamide, perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorooctanesulfonate, highlighting the need to include branched isomers in future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gobelius
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Johanna Hedlund
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Wiebke Dürig
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Rikard Tröger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Karl Lilja
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket) , Valhallavägen 195 , 115 53 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala , Sweden
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19
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Su G, Letcher RJ, Farmahin R, Crump D. Photolysis of highly brominated flame retardants leads to time-dependent dioxin-responsive mRNA expression in chicken embryonic hepatocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:352-359. [PMID: 29220751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetradecabromo-1,4-diphenoxybenzene (TeDB-DiPhOBz) and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) are flame retardant chemicals that can undergo photolytic degradation. The present study compared the time-dependent photolyic degradation of TeDB-DiPhOBz and BDE-209, and dioxin-like product formation as a result of (UV) irradiation (I; irradiation time periods of 0, 1, 4, 15 and 40 days). Photo-degraded product fractions of UV-I-TeDB-DiPhOBz (nominal concentration: 1.9 μM) were administered to chicken embryonic hepatocytes (CEH), and significant induction of CYP1A4/5 mRNA expression was observed for fractions collected at the day 15 and 40 time points (fold change of 7.3/3.6 and 9.1/4.7, respectively). For the UV-I-BDE-209 fractions (nominal concentration: 10 μM), significant CYP1A4/5 up-regulation occurred at all time points, and the fraction collected on day 1 induced the greatest fold change of 510/86, followed by 410/68 (day 4) and 110/26 (day 15), respectively. For the UV-I-BDE-209 fraction collected at day 40, significant CEH cytotoxicity was observed. As a result, CYP1A4/5 expression was determined at a nominal concentration of 1 μM instead of 10 μM and CYP1A4/5 fold changes of 11/8.2 (day 40) were observed. Fractions eliciting the greatest CYP1A4/5 mRNA upregulation were further screened for transcriptomic effects using a PCR array comprising 27 dioxin-responsive genes. A total of 6 and 16 of the 27 target genes were up or down-regulated following UV-I-TeDB-DiPhOBz and UV-I-BDE-209 exposure, respectively. Overall, and regardless of the formation rate, these results raise concerns regarding the potential formation of dioxin-like compounds from flame retardants in products and materials such as plastics, and in natural sunlight irradiation situations in the environment (e.g. in landfill sites or electronic waste facilities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyong Su
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Reza Farmahin
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada; Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
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20
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Determination of perfluoroalkyl acid isomers in biosolids, biosolids-amended soils and plants using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1072:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Bao WW, Qian ZM, Geiger SD, Liu E, Liu Y, Wang SQ, Lawrence WR, Yang BY, Hu LW, Zeng XW, Dong GH. Gender-specific associations between serum isomers of perfluoroalkyl substances and blood pressure among Chinese: Isomers of C8 Health Project in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 607-608:1304-1312. [PMID: 28738507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated associations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a group of highly persistent chemicals ubiquitous in wildlife and humans, with hypertension, but the relationships are mixed. Furthermore, academic literature on the relationship between isomers of PFASs and blood pressure (BP) and hypertension in populations from a higher pollution area is scant. We studied 1612 Chinese adults, ages 22-96years old, from Shenyang, China, utilizing high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and other PFASs in blood serum. We used a mercury sphygmomanometer to measure BP. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic BP (SBP) of at least 140mmHg, and/or diastolic BP (DBP) of at least 90mmHg, and/or use of antihypertensive medications. The results showed that increased serum concentrations of all (both branched and linear) isomers of PFASs were associated with higher prevalence of hypertension. Adjusted odds ratios for hypertension per ln-unit (ng/mL) increase in PFASs ranged from 1.10 (95%CI: 1.04, 1.17) for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) to 1.26 (95%CI: 1.12, 1.42) for 3+4+5m PFOS, and the estimated increases in mean SBP and DBP ranged from 0.80mmHg (95%CI: 0.25, 1.34) for PFBA to 4.51mmHg (95%CI: 3.52, 5.51) for 3+4+5m PFOS, and from 0.51mmHg (95%CI: 0.01, 1.01) for perfluorodecanesulfonate (PFDS) to 2.48 (1.80, 3.16) for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), respectively. Compared with linear PFASs isomers, we identified more and stronger associations among branched PFASs isomers and blood pressure. Furthermore, females exhibited consistently stronger effects than males. In conclusion, this study is the first of its kind to show that not only PFASs positively associated with elevated blood pressure, but also that branched PFAS isomers are more frequently associated with blood pressure than linear PFAS isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Sarah Dee Geiger
- School of Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Echu Liu
- Department of Health Management & Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Yimin Liu
- Laboratory of Occupational Environment and Health Effects, Guangzhou Key Medical Discipline of Occupational Health Guardianship, Guangzhou Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou No.12 Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Si-Quan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wayne R Lawrence
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12144-3445, USA
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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22
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Meng YK, Li CY, Li RY, He LZ, Cui HR, Yin P, Zhang CE, Li PY, Sang XX, Wang Y, Niu M, Zhang YM, Guo YM, Sun R, Wang JB, Bai ZF, Xiao XH. Cis-stilbene glucoside in Polygonum multiflorum induces immunological idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity in LPS-treated rats by suppressing PPAR-γ. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017. [PMID: 28649126 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) has been used in China to treat a variety of diseases, such as constipation, early graying of the hair and hyperlipemia. Recent evidence shows that PM causes idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) in humans. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of PM-induced liver injury in a rat model of IDILI based on a non-hepatotoxic dose of LPS. SD rats were orally administered 3 potentially hepatotoxic compounds of PM: cis-stilbene glucoside (cis-SG, 50 mg/kg), trans-SG (50 mg/kg) or emodin (5 mg/kg), followed by injection of LPS (2.8 mg/kg, iv). Serum and liver histology were evaluated 7 h after LPS injection. Among the 3 compounds tested, cis-SG, but not emodin or trans-SG, induced severe liver injury in rats when combined with LPS. The levels of AST and ALT in plasma and inflammatory cytokines in both plasma and liver tissues were markedly elevated. The liver tissues showed increased injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, and macrophage infiltration, and decreased cell proliferation. Microarray analysis revealed a negative correlation between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and LPS/cis-SG-induced liver injury. Immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR results further confirmed that cis-SG significantly inhibited activation of the PPAR-γ pathway in the liver tissues of LPS/cis-SG-treated rats. Pre-treatment with a PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (500 g/kg, ig) reversed LPS/cis-SG-induced liver injury, which was associated with inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. These data demonstrate that cis-stilbene glucoside induces immunological idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity through suppressing PPAR-γ in a rat model of IDILI.
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23
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Li M, Zeng XW, Qian ZM, Vaughn MG, Sauvé S, Paul G, Lin S, Lu L, Hu LW, Yang BY, Zhou Y, Qin XD, Xu SL, Bao WW, Zhang YZ, Yuan P, Wang J, Zhang C, Tian YP, Nian M, Xiao X, Fu C, Dong GH. Isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in cord serum and birth outcomes in China: Guangzhou Birth Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 102:1-8. [PMID: 28297681 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Prior investigations on the associations of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with fetal growth are mixed. Moreover, little research has accrued pertaining to the association between isomers of PFASs with gestational age and birth weight. To address this gap and present novel information, we conducted a study including 321 pairs of mothers and their infants recruited from Guangzhou, China. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized to analyze isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) along with other PFAS levels in cord serum samples. Mothers' and infants' characteristics were gathered from medical records. The resulting data revealed that higher PFOS, PFOA and isomers of PFOS were associated with lower birth weight. Per ln-unit (ng/mL) increase in cord serum total branched PFOS isomers was associated with a 126.3g (95% CI: -195.9, -56.8) reduction in the weight of infants at birth, while an ln-unit (ng/mL) increase of serum linear PFOS isomers (n-PFOS) was associated with a 57.2g (95% CI: -103.1, -11.3) reduction in the weight of infants at birth upon the subsequent adjustment for potential confounding variables. Notably, the association between cord PFAS level and birth weight was more pronounced in male infants. Furthermore, a positive association among branched PFOS isomers (1m-PFOS and 3+4+5m-PFOS) and gestational age was found. No associations could be found among other PFASs in conjunction with gestational age or birth weight. In conclusion, this investigation suggests that higher PFAS concentrations are associated with lower birth weight, and branched PFOS isomers show greater impact on infant birth weight than linear PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis 63104, USA
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Gunther Paul
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12144-3445, USA
| | - Long Lu
- Liwan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou 510375, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Di Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shu-Li Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen-Wen Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ya-Zhi Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan-Peng Tian
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Min Nian
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuanxi Fu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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24
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Zhang YZ, Zeng XW, Qian ZM, Vaughn MG, Geiger SD, Hu LW, Lu L, Fu C, Dong GH. Perfluoroalkyl substances with isomer analysis in umbilical cord serum in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:13626-13637. [PMID: 28391466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of widely used chemicals that have been detected in the environment and general population. However, the isomer patterns in human are poorly characterized. Previous studies observed the isomer-specific maternal-fetal transfer of PFASs in human. In our current study, we first examined the profile of PFASs and isomers, including 17 linear PFASs and 10 branched PFOS/PFOA isomers by using isotopic internal standards in umbilical cord serum samples from Guangzhou, China. We collected a total of 321 of cord blood serum samples from July to October in 2013, and analyzed the PFASs concentration with isomer-specific PFASs analysis method. The results showed that 9 out of 17 PFASs (linear PFASs) were detected (>50% detection rate). Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS, median 3.87 ng/mL) was the predominant, followed by total PFOS (median 2.99 ng/mL) and total PFOA (median 1.23 ng/mL) in cord serum. In addition, 1m-, iso-, ∑3+4+5m-PFOS and iso-PFOA were the branched PFASs detected in the current study. The proportion of linear PFOS (n-PFOS) was 75.16% of ∑PFOS which was similar to the proportion of electrochemical fluorination that produces ca. 70% linear PFOS and 30% branched. On the contrary, linear PFOA (n-PFOA) accounted for 98.69% ∑PFOA in cord serum samples. Our finding indicates distinct PFASs and PFOS/PFOA isomer profile in cord serum, suggesting there might be a different exposure pathway and metabolism of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhi Zhang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhengmin Min Qian
- Department of Epidemiology, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Michael G Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Sarah Dee Geiger
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Long Lu
- Liwan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Guangzhou, 510375, China
| | - Chuanxi Fu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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25
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Time-dependent transcriptomic and biochemical responses of 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are explained by AHR activation time. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 115:134-43. [PMID: 27301797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and bind to the AHR with high affinity. Until recently, TCDD was considered to be the most potent AHR agonist, but several recent studies indicate that FICZ binds with greater affinity to the AHR than TCDD. To advance our understanding of the similarities and differences of the effects of FICZ and TCDD exposure in chicken embryo hepatocyte (CEH) cultures, we compared relative expression changes of 27 dioxin-responsive genes by the use of a chicken PCR array, porphyrin accumulation and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity at different time points. In addition, an egg injection study was performed to assess the effects of FICZ on the developing chicken embryo. The results of the current study showed: (1) mean EROD-derived relative potency values for FICZ compared to TCDD changed as a function of time (i.e. 9, 0.004, 0.0008 and 0.00008 at 3, 8, 24, and 48h, respectively) in CEH cultures; (2) FICZ exposure did not result in porphyrin accumulation in CEH cultures; (3) concordance between gene expression profiles for FICZ and TCDD was time- and concentration-dependent, and (4) no mortality or morphological abnormalities were observed in chicken embryos injected with 0.87ng FICZ/g egg into the air cell. The results presented herein suggest that while FICZ and TCDD share similar molecular targets, transient versus sustained AHR activation by FICZ and TCDD result in differential transcriptomic responses. Moreover, rapid metabolism of FICZ in hepatocytes resulted in a significant decrease in the induction of EROD activity.
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26
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Su G, Letcher RJ, Crump D, Farmahin R, Giesy JP, Kennedy SW. Sunlight Irradiation of Highly Brominated Polyphenyl Ethers Generates Polybenzofuran Products That Alter Dioxin-responsive mRNA Expression in Chicken Hepatocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2318-2327. [PMID: 26854739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on two highly brominated polyphenyl ether flame retardants, tetradecabromo-1,4- diphenoxybenzene (TeDB-DiPhOBz) and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), that formed photolytic degradation products in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/hexane solvent after 21 days of natural sunlight irradiation (SI). These degradation products of SI-TeDB-DiPhOBz and SI-BDE-209 included the numerous polybrominated homologue groups of polybenzofurans and dibenzofurans, respectively. Formation of similar polybenzofuran and dibenzofuran products was also observed following a 3 month exposure of the solid powder forms of TeDB-DiPhOBz and BDE-209 to natural SI. These resulting degradation product mixtures were administered to chicken embryonic hepatocytes (CEH) to determine effects on mRNA expression levels of 27 dioxin-responsive genes. For the solvent-based SI study, equivalent concentrations of 1 or 25 μM of SI-TeDB-DiPhOBz or 1 or 10 μM of SI-BDE-209 resulted in gene expression profiles that were similar to those of the most potent dioxin-like compound, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. In addition, a concentration-dependent induction of CYP1A4 and CYP1A5 mRNA was observed following exposure to SI-TeDB-DiPhOBz and SI-BDE-209. Based on ECthreshold values for CYP1A4/5 mRNA expression, relative potency (ReP) values were 1 × 10(-6) and 1 × 10(-5) for SI-TeDB-DiPhOBz and SI-BDE-209, respectively. The SI TeDB-DiPhOBz and BDE-209 powder degradation product mixture also significantly induced CYP1A4 mRNA levels in CEH. Our findings clearly show that the environmental stability of TeDB-DiPhOBz and BDE-209, and possibly other highly brominated polyphenyl ethers, is of great concern from a dioxin-like degradation products and toxicity perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyong Su
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Reza Farmahin
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Zoology and Center for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Sean W Kennedy
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University , Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Yu N, Wang X, Zhang B, Yang J, Li M, Li J, Shi W, Wei S, Yu H. Distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate isomers and predicted risk of thyroid hormonal perturbation in drinking water. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 76:171-80. [PMID: 25813491 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We documented the distribution of seven perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) isomers in drinking water in Jiangsu Province, China. Compared to the 30% proportion of branched PFOS in technical PFOS, the levels of branched PFOS in drinking water increased to 31.8%-44.6% of total PFOS. Because of previous risk assessment without considering the PFOS isomer profile and the toxicity of individual PFOS isomers, here we performed a new health risk assessment of PFOS for thyroid hormonal perturbation in drinking water with the contribution from individual PFOS isomers. The risk quotients (RQs) of individual PFOS isomers indicated that linear PFOS contributed most to the risk among all the target PFOS isomers (83.0%-90.2% of the total PFOS RQ), and that risk from 6m-PFOS (5.2%-11.9% of the total PFOS RQ) was higher than that from other branched PFOS isomers. We found that the risks associated with PFOS in drinking water would be overestimated by 10.0%-91.7% if contributions from individual PFOS isomers were not considered. The results revealed that the PFOS isomer profile and the toxicity of individual PFOS isomers were important factors in health risk assessment of PFOS and should be considered in the future risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Analysis for Organic Pollutants in Surface Water, Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingping Yang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Meiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Beesoon S, Martin JW. Isomer-Specific Binding Affinity of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) to Serum Proteins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5722-31. [PMID: 25826685 DOI: 10.1021/es505399w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) are among the most prominent contaminants in human serum, and these were historically manufactured as technical mixtures of linear and branched isomers. The isomers display unique pharmacokinetics in humans and in animal models, but molecular mechanisms underlying isomer-specific PFOS and PFOA disposition have not previously been studied. Here, ultrafiltration devices were used to examine (i) the dissociation constants (Kd) of individual PFOS and PFOA isomers with human serum albumin (HSA) and (ii) relative binding affinity of isomers in technical mixtures spiked to whole calf serum and human serum. Measurement of HSA Kd's demonstrated that linear PFOS (Kd=8(±4)×10(-8) M) was much more tightly bound than branched PFOS isomers (Kd range from 8(±1)×10(-5) M to 4(±2)×10(-4) M). Similarly, linear PFOA (Kd=1(±0.9)×10(-4) M) was more strongly bound to HSA compared to branched PFOA isomers (Kd range from 4(±2)×10(-4) M to 3(±2)×10(-4) M). The higher binding affinities of linear PFOS and PFOA to total serum protein were confirmed when both calf serum and human serum were spiked with technical mixtures. Overall, these data provide a mechanistic explanation for the longer biological half-life of PFOS in humans, compared to PFOA, and for the higher transplacental transfer efficiencies and renal clearance of branched PFOS and PFOA isomers, compared to the respective linear isomer.
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Ma M, Crump D, Farmahin R, Kennedy SW. Comparing the effects of tetrabromobisphenol-A, bisphenol A, and their potential replacement alternatives, TBBPA-bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether) and bisphenol S, on cell viability and messenger ribonucleic acid expression in chicken embryonic hepatocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:391-401. [PMID: 25470364 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A market for alternative brominated flame retardants (BFRs) has emerged recently due to the phase out of persistent and inherently toxic BFRs. Several of these replacement compounds have been detected in environmental matrices, including wild birds. A chicken embryonic hepatocyte (CEH) assay was utilized to assess the effects of the BFR, tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), and its replacement alternative, tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2,3-dibromopropyl ether [TBBPA-DBPE]) on cell viability and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. Bisphenol A (BPA) and 1 of its replacement alternatives, bisphenol S (BPS), were also screened for effects. Both TBBPA and BPA decreased CEH viability with calculated median lethal concentration (LC50) values of 40.6 μM and 61.7 μM, respectively. However, the replacement alternatives, TBBPA-DBPE and BPS, did not affect cell viability (up to 300 μM). Effects on mRNA expression were determined using an Avian ToxChip polymerse chain reaction (PCR) array and a real-time (RT)-PCR assay for the estrogen-responsive genes, apolipoproteinII (ApoII) and vitellogenin (Vtg). A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to assess dioxin-like effects. Tetrabromobisphenol-A altered mRNA levels of 4 genes from multiple toxicity pathways and increased luciferase activity in the luciferase reporter gene assay, whereas its alternative, TBBPA-DBPE, only altered 1 gene on the array, Cyp1a4, and increased luciferase activity. At 300 μM, a concentration that decreased cell viability for TBBPA and BPA, the BPA replacement, BPS, altered the greatest number of transcripts, including both ApoII and Vtg. Bisphenol A exposure did not alter any genes on the array but did up-regulate Vtg at 10 μM. Characterization of the potential toxicological and molecular-level effects of these compounds will ideally be useful to chemical regulators tasked with assessing the risk of new and existing chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ma
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Gebbink WA, Berger U, Cousins IT. Estimating human exposure to PFOS isomers and PFCA homologues: the relative importance of direct and indirect (precursor) exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:160-9. [PMID: 25454233 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Contributions of direct and indirect (via precursors) pathways of human exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) isomers and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are estimated using a Scenario-Based Risk Assessment (SceBRA) modelling approach. Monitoring data published since 2008 (including samples from 2007) are used. The estimated daily exposures (resulting from both direct and precursor intake) for the general adult population are highest for PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), followed by perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), while lower daily exposures are estimated for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA). The precursor contributions to the individual perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) daily exposures are estimated to be 11-33% for PFOS, 0.1-2.5% for PFBA, 3.7-34% for PFHxA, 13-64% for PFOA, 5.2-66% for PFDA, and 0.7-25% for PFDoDA (ranges represent estimated precursor contributions in a low- and high-exposure scenario). For PFOS, direct intake via diet is the major exposure pathway regardless of exposure scenario. For PFCAs, the dominant exposure pathway is dependent on perfluoroalkyl chain length and exposure scenario. Modelled PFOS and PFOA concentrations in human serum using the estimated intakes from an intermediate-exposure scenario are in agreement with measured concentrations in different populations. The isomer pattern of PFOS resulting from total intakes (direct and via precursors) is estimated to be enriched with linear PFOS (84%) relative to technical PFOS (70% linear). This finding appears to be contradictory to the observed enrichment of branched PFOS isomers in recent human serum monitoring studies and suggests that either external exposure is not fully understood (e.g. there are unknown precursors, missing or poorly quantified exposure pathways) and/or that there is an incomplete understanding of the isomer-specific human pharmacokinetic processes of PFOS, its precursors and intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Gebbink
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Urs Berger
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian T Cousins
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Fang S, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Zhong W, Zhu L. Distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with isomer analysis among the tissues of aquatic organisms in Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 193:224-232. [PMID: 25058420 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was investigated among various tissues (including muscle, gill, kidney, liver) and eggs, in aquatic organisms in Taihu Lake, China. Highest concentration of ΣPFASs was mostly found in liver (278-685 ng/g ww) and eggs (66.0-467 ng/g ww) while the lowest was in muscle (40.6-165 ng/g ww). n-PFOS was the predominant PFOS isomer in most of the tissues with a proportion of 46.3-96.5%. Ratios of PFAS concentrations in eggs to those in liver (E/L) increased positively with the protein-water partition coefficient. The E/L of PFOS isomers descended in the order: linear > monomethyl > diperfluoromethyl isomers. The liver/muscle and kidney/muscle ratios of n-PFOS were higher than branched isomers, suggesting that n-PFOS has higher binding affinity with hepatic proteins or branched isomers are preferentially excreted though liver and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Shuyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Zhang Y, Jiang W, Fang S, Zhu L, Deng J. Perfluoroalkyl acids and the isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate in the sera of 50 new couples in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 68:185-191. [PMID: 24747327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A total of 100 serum samples from 50 new couples (none of the females in this study has ever been pregnant) in Tianjin, North China, were analyzed for eleven perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with isomer-specific method. Among all samples, total perfluorooctanesulfonate (∑PFOS, mean 11.3 ng/mL) was predominant followed by total perfluorooctanoate (∑PFOA, 2.95 ng/mL), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA, 1.17 ng/mL), perfluorononanoate (PFNA, 0.93 ng/mL) and perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS, 0.67 ng/mL). The mean concentrations of ∑PFOS and PFHxS in males (14.2 and 0.89 ng/mL) were significantly higher (p=0.001) than in females (8.36 and 0.45 ng/mL). No statistical difference between genders was observed for the other PFAAs. This suggests that menstruation is one important elimination pathway for ∑PFOS and PFHxS in females. Linear PFOA was the dominant isomer with mean proportion of 99.7%, suggesting that telomeric PFOA (and its precursors), which contains almost pure linear isomer, might be the dominant exposure source of PFOA in Tianjin. On average, the proportion of linear PFOS (n-PFOS) was 59.2% of ∑PFOS, which was lower than that in technical PFOS products (ca. 70% linear). Except perfluoroisopropyl PFOS, all the other monomethyl branched PFOS isomers were enriched in human serum compared to the commercial products, suggesting the monomethyl branched PFOS precursors were preferentially biotransformed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Shuhong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
| | - Jimin Deng
- Maternity and Child Care Center, Heping District, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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Chung SWC, Lam CH. Development of an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in fish and Fatty food. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5805-5811. [PMID: 24901300 DOI: 10.1021/jf502326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the development of a method for the quantitative analysis of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), including C6-C14 perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and C4-C12 perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs), in fish and fatty foods by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in which the UPLC was equipped a PFC Analysis Kit to eliminate background contamination. Rapid baseline separation was achieved for 17 PFCs within 12 min, and PFCs were well-resolved from potential interferences from taurodeoxycholic acid and branched isomers of PFCs. The method was validated according to Commission Regulation 2002/657/EC of the European Commission with matrices including salmon, beef, egg, and butter. Average spiked recoveries, measured at concentration levels of 0.02 (method limit of quantification (MLOQ)), 0.2, and 2 μg/kg, were in the range of 68-117% with relative standard deviations below 20%. Matrix effects were evaluated and found to be correctable by internal standardization, especially for short- and long-chained PFCs. Trueness was verified against two certified reference materials. The method has also been successfully applied to the analysis of more than 200 food samples of a risk assessment study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W C Chung
- Food Research Laboratory, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department, 4/F Public Health Laboratory Centre, 382 Nam Cheong Street, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Porter E, Crump D, Egloff C, Chiu S, Kennedy SW. Use of an avian hepatocyte assay and the avian Toxchip Polymerse chain reaction array for testing prioritization of 16 organic flame retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:573-82. [PMID: 24273086 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessors are challenged with the task of providing data for an increasing number of priority chemicals. High-throughput toxicity screening methods--which permit rapid determination of toxic, molecular, and/or biochemical effects of a wide range of chemicals--are essential to help meet this demand. The avian embryonic hepatocyte in vitro screening method has been utilized in the authors' laboratory to assess the effects of a wide range of environmental contaminants on cytotoxicity and mRNA expression of genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism, the thyroid hormone pathway, lipid metabolism, and growth. Sixteen structurally variable organic flame retardants (OFRs)--including tetrabromoethylcyclohexane (TBECH), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP), tricresyl phosphate (TCP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP)--were screened using the in vitro method in the present study. Hepatocytes from 2 avian species, chicken and herring gull, were prepared, and species differences in hepatocyte viability were observed for several OFRs. For example, TCP was not cytotoxic in chicken hepatocytes up to the highest concentration tested (300 µM), whereas the median lethal concentration (LC50) was 31.2 µM in herring gull hepatocytes. Effects on mRNA expression in chicken embryonic hepatocytes were determined using a 3 × 32 custom-made Avian ToxChip polymerse chain reaction array and were variable among OFRs; TCP, TDCPP, and tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate showed the most significant alterations among the target genes assessed. Overall, this rapid screening method helped prioritize OFRs for further assessment. For example, OFRs that elicited significant effects on cytoxicity or mRNA expression represent prime candidates for egg injection studies that determine adverse effects on the whole animal but are more costly in terms of time, money, and embryo utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Porter
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Fang S, Chen X, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Yang L, Zhu L. Trophic magnification and isomer fractionation of perfluoroalkyl substances in the food web of Taihu Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:2173-82. [PMID: 24460088 DOI: 10.1021/es405018b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are well studied in marine food webs, but related information in fresh water ecosystem and knowledge on fractionation of their isomers along the food web are limited. The distribution, bioaccumulation, magnification, and isomer fractionation of PFASs were investigated in a food web of Taihu Lake, China. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs) with longer carbon chain lengths, such as perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), were predominant in organisms, while perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA) and perfluorooctanoate (∑PFOA) contributed more in the water phase. The consistent profile signature of PFOA isomers in water phase with 3M electrochemical fluorination (ECF) products suggests that ECF production of PFOA still exists in China. Linear proportions of PFOA, PFOS and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) in the biota were in the range of 91.9-100%, 78.6-95.5%, and 72.2-95.5%, respectively, indicating preferential bioaccumulation of linear isomers in biota. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were estimated for PFDA (2.43), perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA) (2.68) and PFOS (3.46) when all biota were included, suggesting that PFOS and long-chained PFCAs are biomagnified in the fresh water food web. The TMF of PFOS isomers descended in the order: n-PFOS (3.86) > 3+5m-PFOS (3.35) > 4m-PFOS (3.32) > 1m-PFOS (2.92) > m2-PFOS (2.67) > iso-PFOS (2.59), which is roughly identical to their elution order on a FluoroSep-RP Octyl column, suggesting that hydrophobicity may be an important contributor for isomer discrimination in biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Huang Q, Zhang J, Peng S, Du M, Ow S, Pu H, Pan C, Shen H. Proteomic analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate-induced apoptosis in human hepatic cells using the iTRAQ technique. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:1342-51. [PMID: 24301089 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is one of the most commonly used perfluorinated compounds, whose environmental exposure has been associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PFOS toxicity are still not well elucidated. In the present study, we applied iTRAQ labeling quantitative proteomic technology to investigate the differential protein expression profiles of non-tumor human hepatic cells (L-02) exposed to PFOS. A total of 18 proteins were differentially expressed in a dose-dependent manner in PFOS-treated cells versus the control. Among these, 11 proteins were up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated. Gene ontology analysis indicated that PFOS would exert toxic effects on L-02 cells by affecting multiple biological processes, including protein biosynthesis and degradation, mRNA processing and splicing, transcription, signal transduction and transport. Furthermore, the proteomic results especially proposed that the inhibition of HNRNPC, HUWE1 and UBQLN1, as well as the induction of PAF1 is involved in the activation of the p53 and c-myc signaling pathways, which then trigger the apoptotic process in L-02 cells exposed to PFOS. Overall, these data will aid our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for PFOS-mediated hepatotoxicity, and develop useful biomarkers for monitoring and evaluating PFOS contamination in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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37
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O'Brien JM, Williams A, Yauk CL, Crump D, Kennedy SW. In vitro microarray analysis identifies genes in acute-phase response pathways that are down-regulated in the liver of chicken embryos exposed in ovo to PFUdA. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1649-58. [PMID: 23602845 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) is one of the most highly detected perfluoroalkyl compounds in wild bird tissues and eggs. Although PFUdA does not affect hatching success, many PFCs are known to impair post-hatch development and survival. Here we use microarrays to survey the transcriptional response of cultured chicken embryonic hepatocytes (CEH) to PFUdA for potential targets of PFUdA action that could lead to developmental deficiencies in exposed birds. At 1 μM and 10 μM PFUdA significantly altered the expression of 346 and 676 transcripts, respectively (fold-change>1.5, p<0.05, false discovery rate-corrected). Using functional, pathway and interactome analysis we identified several potentially important targets of PFUdA exposure, including the suppression of the acute-phase response (APR). We then measured the expression of five APR genes, fibrinogen alpha (fga), fibrinogen gamma (fgg), thrombin (f2), plasminogen (plg), and protein C (proC), in the liver of chicken embryos exposed in ovo to PFUdA. The expression of fga, f2, and proC were down-regulated in embryo livers (100 or 1000 ng/g, p<0.1) as predicted from microarray analysis, whereas fibrinogen gamma (fgg) was up-regulated and plg was not significantly affected. Our results demonstrate the utility of CEH coupled with transcriptome analysis as an in vitro screening tool for identifying novel effects of toxicant exposure. Additionally, we identified APR suppression as a potentially important and environmentally relevant target of PFUdA. These findings suggest in ovo exposure of birds to PFUdA may lead to post-hatch developmental deficiencies, such as impaired inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M O'Brien
- Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Wan Ibrahim WN, Tofighi R, Onishchenko N, Rebellato P, Bose R, Uhlén P, Ceccatelli S. Perfluorooctane sulfonate induces neuronal and oligodendrocytic differentiation in neural stem cells and alters the expression of PPARγ in vitro and in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:51-60. [PMID: 23500012 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated compounds are ubiquitous chemicals of major concern for their potential adverse effects on the human population. We have used primary rat embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) to study the effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on the process of NSC spontaneous differentiation. Upon removal of basic fibroblast growth factor, NSCs were exposed to nanomolar concentrations of PFOS for 48 h, and then allowed to differentiate for additional 5 days. Exposure to 25 or 50 nM concentration resulted in a lower number of proliferating cells and a higher number of neurite-bearing TuJ1-positive cells, indicating an increase in neuronal differentiation. Exposure to 50 nM also significantly increased the number of CNPase-positive cells, pointing to facilitation of oligodendrocytic differentiation. PPAR genes have been shown to be involved in PFOS toxicity. By q-PCR we detected an upregulation of PPARγ with no changes in PPARα or PPARδ genes. One of the downstream targets of PPARs, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was also upregulated. The number of TuJ1- and CNPase-positive cells increased after exposure to PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (RGZ, 3 μM) and decreased after pre-incubation with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (5 μM). RGZ also upregulated the expression of PPARγ and UCP2 genes. Meanwhile GW9662 abolished the UCP2 upregulation and decreased Ca²⁺ activity induced by PFOS. Interestingly, a significantly higher expression of PPARγ and UCP3 genes was also detected in mouse neonatal brain after prenatal exposure to PFOS. These data suggest that PPARγ plays a role in the alteration of spontaneous differentiation of NSCs induced by nanomolar concentrations of PFOS.
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Zhang Y, Beesoon S, Zhu L, Martin JW. Isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoate and total perfluoroalkyl acids in human serum from two cities in North China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2013; 53:9-17. [PMID: 23314039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sources and pathways of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are not well characterized, particularly in China where many perfluorinated substances are now manufactured. Here, isomer-specific PFAA analysis was used for the first time to evaluate exposure sources for Chinese people, by applying the method to 129 serum samples collected in two typical cities (Shijiazhuang and Handan) in North China. Among all samples, total perfluorooctanesulfonate (∑PFOS, mean 33.3 ng/ml) was the predominant PFAA followed by perfluorohexanesulfonate (2.95 ng/ml), total perfluorooctanoate (∑PFOA, 2.38 ng/ml), and perfluorononanoate (0.51 ng/ml). The level of ∑PFOS was higher than in people from North America in recent years. The mean concentrations of ΣPFAAs in the participants living in urban Shijiazhuang (59.0 ng/ml) and urban Handan (35.6 ng/ml) were significantly higher (p<0.001 and p=0.041, respectively) than those living in the rural district of Shijiazhuang (24.3 ng/ml). The young female sub-population had the lowest ΣPFAA concentrations compared with older females and all males. On average, the proportion of linear PFOS (n-PFOS) was only 48.1% of ∑PFOS, which is much lower than what was present in technical PFOS from the major historical manufacturer (ca. 70% linear), and which is also lower than data reported from any other countries. Moreover, the proportion of n-PFOS decreased significantly with increasing ∑PFOS concentration in the serum samples (r=-0.694, p<0.001). Taken together, the data lend weight to previous suggestions that i) high branched PFOS content in serum is a biomarker of exposure to PFOS-precursors, and ii) that people with the highest ∑PFOS concentrations are exposed disproportionately to high concentrations of PFOS-precursors. On average, linear PFOA (n-PFOA) contributed 96.1% of ∑PFOA, significantly higher than in technical PFOA (ca. 75-80% linear), but lower than in Americans, suggesting higher exposure to electrochemically fluorinated PFOA than in other countries, including the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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Yu N, Shi W, Zhang B, Su G, Feng J, Zhang X, Wei S, Yu H. Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids including perfluorooctane sulfonate isomers in Huai River Basin and Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:710-717. [PMID: 23253185 DOI: 10.1021/es3037803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of 10 perfluoroalkyl acids including linear and branched (six monotrifluoromethyl isomers) perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in surface water was investigated in Huai River Basin and Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province, China. In the water samples from Huai River Basin, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and PFOS were the predominant compounds (mean 18 ng/L and 4.7 ng/L, respectively), while in samples from Taihu Lake, PFOA, perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and PFOS were the predominant compounds (mean 56 ng/L, 19 ng/L, and 15 ng/L, respectively). Branched PFOS (Br-PFOS) isomers accounting for 48.1% to 62.5% of total PFOS were enriched in all samples from Taihu Lake, compared to technical electrochemical fluorination (ECF) PFOS (Br-PFOS ∼30.0%), while the similar phenomena were not found in samples from Huai River Basin (Br-PFOS 29.0-35.0%). Principal component analysis (PCA) on the percentages of the individual isomer showed that the first two components accounted for 78.4% and 15.3% of the overall observed data variance. Samples from Huai River Basin were grouped together with the ECF PFOS standard suggesting the profiles were similar, while samples from Taihu Lake were grouped by themselves, suggesting that isomer profiles in these samples were different from that of Huai River Basin. The obvious difference in isomer profiles probably results from the different environmental behaviors of PFOS isomers and/or unknown sources (PFOS or PFOS precursors).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Rapid characterization of perfluoralkyl carboxylate, sulfonate, and sulfonamide isomers by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1247:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Strömqvist M, Olsson JA, Kärrman A, Brunström B. Transcription of genes involved in fat metabolism in chicken embryos exposed to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist GW7647 or to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) or perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 156:29-36. [PMID: 22465071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are developmental toxicants in various animal classes, including birds. Both compounds interact with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), but it is not known whether activation of PPARs is involved in their embryo toxicity in birds. We exposed chicken embryos via egg injection at a late developmental stage to GW7647, a potent PPARα agonist in mammals, and to PFOS or PFOA. Mortality was induced by PFOS and PFOA but not by GW7647. Transcripts of a number of genes activated by PPARα agonists in mammals were analyzed in liver and kidney of 18-day-old embryos. Several of the genes were induced in both liver and kidney following exposure to GW7647. Treatment with PFOA resulted in induction of acyl-coenzyme A oxidase mRNA in liver, whereas none of the genes were significantly induced by PFOS treatment. No up-regulation of gene transcription was found in kidney following treatment with PFOS or PFOA. Principal component analysis showed that PFOA caused an mRNA expression pattern in liver more similar to the pattern induced by GW7647 than PFOS did. Our findings do not support that the embryo mortality by PFOS and PFOA in chicken embryos involves PPARα activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Strömqvist
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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