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Qian G, Wang M, Zhou J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhu P, Han L, Li X, Liu C, Li L. Analysis of widely targeted metabolites of quinoa sprouts (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under saline-alkali stress provides new insights into nutritional value. Food Chem 2024; 448:138575. [PMID: 38604110 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa sprouts are a green vegetable rich in bioactive chemicals, which have multiple health benefits. However, there is limited information on the overall metabolic profiles of quinoa sprouts and the metabolite changes caused by saline-alkali stress. Here, a UHPLC-MS/MS-based widely targeted metabolomics technique was performed to comprehensively evaluate the metabolic profiles of quinoa sprouts and characterize its metabolic response to saline-alkali stress. A total of 930 metabolites were identified of which 232 showed significant response to saline-alkali stress. The contents of lipids and amino acids were significantly increased, while the contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids were significantly reduced under saline-alkali stress. Moreover, the antioxidant activities of quinoa sprouts were significantly affected by saline-alkali stress. The enrichment analysis of the differentially accumulated metabolites revealed that flavonoid, amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis/metabolism pathways responded to saline-alkali stress. This study provided an important theoretical basis for evaluating the nutritional value of quinoa sprouts and the changes in metabolites in response to saline-alkali stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Long Han
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Changli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Trinh MDL, Visintainer D, Günther J, Østerberg JT, da Fonseca RR, Fondevilla S, Moog MW, Luo G, Nørrevang AF, Crocoll C, Nielsen PV, Jacobsen S, Wendt T, Bak S, López‐Marqués RL, Palmgren M. Site-directed genotype screening for elimination of antinutritional saponins in quinoa seeds identifies TSARL1 as a master controller of saponin biosynthesis selectively in seeds. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2216-2234. [PMID: 38572508 PMCID: PMC11258981 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change may result in a drier climate and increased salinization, threatening agricultural productivity worldwide. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) produces highly nutritious seeds and tolerates abiotic stresses such as drought and high salinity, making it a promising future food source. However, the presence of antinutritional saponins in their seeds is an undesirable trait. We mapped genes controlling seed saponin content to a genomic region that includes TSARL1. We isolated desired genetic variation in this gene by producing a large mutant library of a commercial quinoa cultivar and screening the library for specific nucleotide substitutions using droplet digital PCR. We were able to rapidly isolate two independent tsarl1 mutants, which retained saponins in the leaves and roots for defence, but saponins were undetectable in the seed coat. We further could show that TSARL1 specifically controls seed saponin biosynthesis in the committed step after 2,3-oxidosqualene. Our work provides new important knowledge on the function of TSARL1 and represents a breakthrough for quinoa breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Duy Luu Trinh
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Davide Visintainer
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Jan Günther
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | | | - Rute R. da Fonseca
- Section for BiodiversityGlobe Institute, University of CopenhagenKøbenhavn ØDenmark
| | | | - Max William Moog
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Anton F. Nørrevang
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Philip V. Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | | | | | - Søren Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | | | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
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Huang H, Wang Q, Tan J, Zeng C, Wang J, Huang J, Hu Y, Wu Q, Wu X, Liu C, Ye X, Fan Y, Sun W, Guo Z, Peng L, Zou L, Xiang D, Song Y, Zheng X, Wan Y. Quinoa greens as a novel plant food: a review of its nutritional composition, functional activities, and food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38993144 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2370483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is widely regarded as a versatile pseudo-cereal native to the Andes Mountains in South America. It has gained global recognition as a superfood due to its rich nutritional profile. While quinoa grains are well-known, there is an undiscovered potential in quinoa greens, such as sprouts, leaves, and microgreens. These verdant parts of quinoa are rich in a diverse array of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds, including proteins, amino acids, bioactive proteins, peptides, polyphenols, and flavonoids. They have powerful antioxidant properties, combat cancer, and help prevent diabetes. Quinoa greens offer comparable or even superior benefits when compared to other sprouts and leafy greens, yet they have not gained widespread recognition. Limited research exists on the nutritional composition and biological activities of quinoa greens, underscoring the necessity for thorough systematic reviews in this field. This review paper aims to highlight the nutritional value, bioactivity, and health potential of quinoa greens, as well as explore their possibilities within the food sector. The goal is to generate interest within the research community and promote further exploration and wider utilization of quinoa greens in diets. This focus may lead to new opportunities for enhancing health and well-being through innovative dietary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huange Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Tan
- Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lasa, China
| | - Chunxiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junying Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yichen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanbin Guo
- College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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Xi X, Fan G, Xue H, Peng S, Huang W, Zhan J. Harnessing the Potential of Quinoa: Nutritional Profiling, Bioactive Components, and Implications for Health Promotion. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:829. [PMID: 39061898 PMCID: PMC11273950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Quinoa, a globally cultivated "golden grain" belonging to Chenopodium in the Amaranthaceae family, is recognized for being gluten-free, with a balanced amino acid profile and multiple bioactive components, including peptides, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and saponins. The bioactive compounds extracted from quinoa offer multifaceted health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardiovascular disease (CVD) improvement, gut microbiota regulation, and anti-cancer effects. This review aims to intricately outline quinoa's nutritional value, functional components, and physiological benefits. Importantly, we comprehensively provide conclusions on the effects and mechanisms of these quinoa-derived bioactive components on multiple cancer types, revealing the potential of quinoa seeds as promising and effective anti-cancer agents. Furthermore, the health-promoting role of quinoa in modulating gut microbiota, maintaining gut homeostasis, and protecting intestinal integrity was specifically emphasized. Finally, we provided a forward-looking description of the opportunities and challenges for the future exploration of quinoa. However, in-depth studies of molecular targets and clinical trials are warranted to fully understand the bioavailability and therapeutic application of quinoa-derived compounds, especially in cancer treatment and gut microbiota regulation. This review sheds light on the prospect of developing dietary quinoa into functional foods or drugs to prevent and manage human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jicheng Zhan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (X.X.); (G.F.); (H.X.); (S.P.); (W.H.)
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5
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Hazrati S, Mousavi Z, Nicola S. Harvest time optimization for medicinal and aromatic plant secondary metabolites. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108735. [PMID: 38781639 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play a crucial role in shielding plants from pathogens and environmental stressors. These natural products find widespread applications across various industries, including pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and healthcare. However, the quantity and quality of these compounds in plants can be influenced by factors such as genetics, morphology, plant age, and the seasonal and daily variations. The timing of harvest holds particular significance for medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) as their active compounds peak at a specific moment during the plant growth cycle. Determining the optimal harvest time is essential to ensure the plants meet their intended cultivation goal. In this review, we analyzed how developmental and external factors impact the qualitative and quantitative effectiveness of SMs in MAPs. We examined recent studies on the effects of environmental and developmental factors on SMs of MAPs, compiling relevant data for analysis. The results of this review demonstrate how these factors influence the quantity and quality of plant SMs, underscoring the importance of determining the optimal harvest time (known as the balsamic time) to maximize the utilization of these compounds. Our findings offer crucial insights into the factors affecting SMs, serving as a tool for quality control in MAPs production. Moreover, this review can be a valuable resource for researchers, farmers, and industrial users aiming to optimize plant growth and harvest timing for maximum yield. Overall, our review provides valuable information for devising effective strategies to produce high-quality MAPs products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Hazrati
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 53714-161, Iran.
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, 53714-161, Iran
| | - Silvana Nicola
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Horticultural Sciences - Inhortosanitas Lab, University of Turin, 10095, Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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Ozdemir K, Hakan Barak T, Kurt Celep I, Savasan O, Demirci Kayıran S, Eroglu Ozkan E. Evaluation of Phytochemistry and Antidiabetic Potential of an Astragalus Species (Astragalus kurdicus Boiss.). Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400699. [PMID: 38860322 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Astragalus kurdicus Boiss. roots are used in folk medicine for antidiabetic purposes. Different Astragalus plant metabolites have a notable potential for antidiabetic activity through varying mechanisms. Herein, this study is designed to assess the antidiabetic activity of Astragalus kurdicus total (AKM: methanol extract, yield: 14.53 %) and sub-extracts (AKB: n-butanol, AKC: chloroform, AKW: water, AKH: hexane extracts), utilizing a range of diabetes-related in vitro methodologies, and to investigate the chemical composition of the plant. The highest astragaloside and saponin content was seen in AKB extract. Among the measured saponins, the abundance of Astragaloside IV (27.41 μg/mg in AKM) was the highest in high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis. Furthermore, flavonoid-rich AKC was found to be mostly responsible for the high antioxidant activity. According to the results of the activity tests, AKW was the most active extract in protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4), and α-amylase inhibition tests (percent inhibitions are: 87.17 %, 82.4 %, and 91.49 % respectively, at 1 mg/mL). AKM and AKW demonstrated the highest efficacy in stimulating the growth of prebiotic microorganisms and preventing the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Thus, for the first time, the antidiabetic activity of A. kurdicus was evaluated from various perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevser Ozdemir
- Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, 34116, Turkiye
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Fırat University, Merkez, Elazig, 23200, Turkiye
| | - Timur Hakan Barak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34755, Turkiye
| | - Inci Kurt Celep
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34755, Turkiye
| | - Ozan Savasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, 34755, Turkiye
| | - Serpil Demirci Kayıran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Cukurova University, Merkez, Adana, 01330, Turkiye
| | - Esra Eroglu Ozkan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Istanbul University, Fatih, Istanbul, 34116, Turkiye
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Zhu X, Yang G, Shen Y, Niu L, Peng Y, Chen H, Li H, Yang X. Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Quinoa Polysaccharides. Molecules 2024; 29:1576. [PMID: 38611855 PMCID: PMC11013414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Quinoa, known as the "golden grain" for its high nutritional value, has polysaccharides as one of its sources of important nutrients. However, the biological functions of quinoa polysaccharides remain understudied. In this study, two crude polysaccharide extracts of quinoa (Q-40 and Q-60) were obtained through sequential precipitation with 40% and 60% ethanol, with purities of 58.29% (HPLC) and 62.15% (HPLC) and a protein content of 8.27% and 9.60%, respectively. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that Q-40 contained glucose (Glc), galacturonic acid (GalA), and arabinose (Ara) in a molar ratio of 0.967:0.027:0.006. Q-60 was composed of xylose (xyl), arabinose (Ara), galactose, and galacturonic acid (GalA) with a molar ratio of 0.889:0.036:0.034:0.020. The average molecular weight of Q-40 ranged from 47,484 to 626,488 Da, while Q-60 showed a range of 10,025 to 47,990 Da. Rheological experiments showed that Q-40 exhibited higher viscosity, while Q-60 demonstrated more elastic properties. Remarkably, Q-60 showed potent antioxidant abilities, with scavenging rates of 98.49% for DPPH and 57.5% for ABTS. Antibacterial experiments using the microdilution method revealed that Q-40 inhibited the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), while Q-60 specifically inhibited MRSA. At lower concentrations, both polysaccharides inhibited MDA (MD Anderson Cancer Center) cell proliferation, but at higher concentrations, they promoted proliferation. Similar proliferation-promoting effects were observed in HepG2 cells. The research provides important information in the application of quinoa in the food and functional food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xucheng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Guiyan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Yingbin Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Liqiong Niu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Yao Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Haiting Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Haimei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Xinquan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (X.Z.); (Y.S.); (L.N.); (Y.P.); (H.C.)
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Yiblet Y. Nutritional Composition and Antinutritional Factors of Five Wild Edible Fruits Grown in the Mekdela District, South of Wollo, Ethiopia. ScientificWorldJournal 2024; 2024:9980936. [PMID: 38510569 PMCID: PMC10954358 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9980936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the mineral content and nutritional properties of five wild fruits Rhus vulgaris, Rosa abyssinica, Rhus natalensis, Euclea racemosa, and Ficus sur. The proximate composition parameters (moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, and crude protein) and antinutritional factors were evaluated using methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and elemental analysis using the atomic absorption spectroscopy technique. Among the five wild edible fruit species, Rhus vulgaris had the highest carbohydrate content (83.3 ± 0.28 g/100 g) and a high total energy (344.5 ± 2.21 kcal/100 g). Euclea racemosa was found to have the maximum ash content (12.8 ± 0.37 g/100 g), protein content (3.22 ± 0.01 g/100 g), and moisture (16.24 ± 0.003 g/100 g), respectively. Rhus natalensis showed the highest fiber content (9.54 ± 0.003 g/100 g). Mineral analysis showed that local wild fruits contained a considerable amount of minerals. The calcium concentration ranged from 99.51 mg/100 g in Euclea racemosa to 160.12 mg/100 g in Ficus sur. Potassium concentration varied from 54.34 mg/100 g in Euclea racemosa to 234 mg/100 g in Rhus vulgaris. Iron ranges from 21.4 mg/100 g in Rosa abyssinica to 41 mg/100 g in Rhus natalensis, and zinc ranges from 2.3 mg/100 g in Rhus vulgaris to 4.2 mg/100 g in Ficus sur. A high saponin content (2.12 mg/100 g) and a low tannin content (0.23 mg/100 g) were obtained in Rosa abyssinica. The phytate content (1.52 mg/100 g) and the oxalate content (0.9 mg/100 g) were high in Rhus natalensis. In conclusion, the present study shows that wild fruits can be used as food supplementation in food in a safe area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalew Yiblet
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekdela Amba University, P.O. Box 32, Tuluawlia, Ethiopia
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9
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Cantero-Bahillo E, Navarro del Hierro J, de las Nieves Siles-Sánchez M, Jaime L, Santoyo S, Martin D. Combination of Fenugreek and Quinoa Husk as Sources of Steroidal and Triterpenoid Saponins: Bioactivity of Their Co-Extracts and Hydrolysates. Foods 2024; 13:562. [PMID: 38397539 PMCID: PMC10888084 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Saponins, both steroidal and triterpenoid, exhibit distinct bioactivities. However, they are not commonly found together in natural sources; instead, sources tend to be rich in one type or another and mainly in the form of saponins rather than the sapogenin aglycones. Developing co-extracts containing both saponin or sapogenin types would be a strategy to harness their respective bioactivities, yielding multibioactive extracts. Therefore, this study evaluates the bioactivity (hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities) of co-extracts from fenugreek seeds (steroidal-rich saponins) and quinoa husk (triterpenoid-rich saponins), co-extracted at varying proportions, alongside their respective sapogenin-rich hydrolysates. Pancreatic lipase inhibition increased with fenugreek content in co-extracts, especially in sapogenin-rich variants. The latter substantially interfered with cholesterol bioaccessibility (90% vs. 15% in sapogenin-rich extracts). Saponin-rich co-extracts exhibited reduced cytokine release with increased fenugreek content, while sapogenin-rich counterparts showed greater reductions with higher quinoa husk content. Limited cellular antioxidant activities were observed in all extracts, with improved post-hydrolysis bioactivity. Therefore, simultaneous co-extraction of steroidal and triterpenoid sources, such as fenugreek and quinoa husk, as well as their subsequent hydrolysis, are innovative strategies for obtaining multibioactive natural extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cantero-Bahillo
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-B.); (M.d.l.N.S.-S.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (D.M.)
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Navarro del Hierro
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Sección Departamental de Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María de las Nieves Siles-Sánchez
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-B.); (M.d.l.N.S.-S.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (D.M.)
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jaime
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-B.); (M.d.l.N.S.-S.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (D.M.)
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Santoyo
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-B.); (M.d.l.N.S.-S.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (D.M.)
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Martin
- Sección Departamental de Ciencias de la Alimentación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-B.); (M.d.l.N.S.-S.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (D.M.)
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Gómez MJR, Magro PC, Blázquez MR, Maestro-Gaitán I, Iñiguez FMS, Sobrado VC, Prieto JM. Nutritional composition of quinoa leafy greens: An underutilized plant-based food with the potential of contributing to current dietary trends. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113862. [PMID: 38309894 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) leafy greens (QLGs) are plant-based foods of high nutritional value that have been scarcely studied. In this work, the nutritional and functional composition of three QLGs varieties was evaluated. A protein content higher than 35 g 100 g-1 dw with a well-balanced essential amino acid composition was found making them a good source of vegetable protein. In addition, elevated contents of dietary fibre and minerals, higher than those detected in quinoa seeds and other leafy vegetables, were found. The lipid profile showed higher contents of linoleic (C18:2, ω6) (20.2 %) and linolenic acids (C18:3, ω3) (52.8 %) with low ω6/ ω3 ratios (∼0.4/1). A total sugar content <1 g 100 g-1 dw was found for all varieties tested, lower than that obtained in seeds. The saponin content varied between 0.76 and 0.87 %. Also, high values of total phenolic compounds (969.8-1195.4 mg gallic acid 100 g-1), mainly hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids, and great antioxidant activities (7.64-8.90 g Trolox kg-1) were found. Multivariate analysis here used allowed us to classify the samples according to the quinoa variety evaluated, and the sequential stepwise multiple regression applied revealed that the PUFA and sucrose contents negatively influenced the protein content while the palmitic acid content affected positively this parameter. Overall, this study shows that QLGs are promising nutritious and functional plant-based foods supporting the necessity of promoting their cultivation, commercialization, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- M José Rodríguez Gómez
- Área de Vegetales, Instituto Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Extremadura, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Avenida Adolfo Suárez, s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain.
| | - Patricia Calvo Magro
- Área de Vegetales, Instituto Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Extremadura, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Avenida Adolfo Suárez, s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Reguera Blázquez
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Cantoblanco, c/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Maestro-Gaitán
- Departamento de Biología, Campus de Cantoblanco, c/Darwin 2, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F M Sánchez Iñiguez
- Área de Vegetales, Instituto Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Extremadura, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Avenida Adolfo Suárez, s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Verónica Cruz Sobrado
- Centro de Investigación Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Autovía Madrid-Lisboa s/n, 06187 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Matías Prieto
- Centro de Investigación Finca La Orden-Valdesequera, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura, Autovía Madrid-Lisboa s/n, 06187 Badajoz, Spain
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11
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Andressa I, Kelly Silva do Nascimento G, Monteiro Dos Santos T, Rodrigues RDS, de Oliveira Teotônio D, Paucar-Menacho LM, Machado Benassi V, Schmiele M. Technological and health properties and main challenges in the production of vegetable beverages and dairy analogs. Food Funct 2024; 15:460-480. [PMID: 38170850 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04199a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Lactose intolerance affects about 68-70% of the world population and bovine whey protein is associated with allergic reactions, especially in children. Furthermore, many people do not consume dairy-based foods due to the presence of cholesterol and ethical, philosophical and environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and social and religious beliefs. In this context, the market for beverages based on pulses, oilseeds, cereals, pseudocereals and seeds and products that mimic dairy foods showed a significant increase over the years. However, there are still many sensory, nutritional, and technological limitations regarding producing and consuming these products. Thus, to overcome these negative aspects, relatively simple technologies such as germination and fermentation, the addition of ingredients/nutrients and emerging technologies such as ultra-high pressure, pulsed electric field, microwave and ultrasound can be used to improve the product quality. Moreover, consuming plant-based beverages is linked to health benefits, including antioxidant properties and support in the prevention and treatment of disorders and common diseases like hypertension, diabetes, anxiety, and depression. Thus, vegetable-based beverages and their derivatives are viable alternatives and low-cost for replacing dairy foods in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Andressa
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, MGT-367 Highway - Km 583, no. 5000, Alto do Jacuba, Zip Code: 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Glauce Kelly Silva do Nascimento
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, MGT-367 Highway - Km 583, no. 5000, Alto do Jacuba, Zip Code: 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Monteiro Dos Santos
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, MGT-367 Highway - Km 583, no. 5000, Alto do Jacuba, Zip Code: 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rosane da Silva Rodrigues
- Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, PO Box 354, Zip Code: 96.160-000, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Oliveira Teotônio
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, MGT-367 Highway - Km 583, no. 5000, Alto do Jacuba, Zip Code: 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luz María Paucar-Menacho
- Departamento Académico de Agroindustria y Agronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Nuevo Chimbote 02712, Perú
| | - Vivian Machado Benassi
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, MGT-367 Highway - Km 583, no. 5000, Alto do Jacuba, Zip Code: 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcio Schmiele
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, MGT-367 Highway - Km 583, no. 5000, Alto do Jacuba, Zip Code: 39.100-000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
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12
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Wang S, Liu G, Xie C, Zhou Y, Yang R, Wu J, Xu J, Tu K. Metabolomics Analysis of Different Quinoa Cultivars Based on UPLC-ZenoTOF-MS/MS and Investigation into Their Antioxidant Characteristics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:240. [PMID: 38256795 PMCID: PMC10819959 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, quinoa, as a nutritious and sustainable food material, has gained increasing popularity worldwide. To investigate the diversity of nutritional characteristics among different quinoa cultivars and explore their potential health benefits, metabolites of five quinoa cultivars (QL-1, SJ-1, SJ-2, KL-1 and KL-2) were compared by non-targeted metabolomics analysis based on UPLC-ZenoTOF-MS/MS in this study. A total of 248 metabolites across 13 categories were identified. Although the metabolite compositions were generally similar among the different quinoa cultivars, significant variations existed in their respective metabolite contents. Among the identified metabolites, amino acids/peptides, nucleosides, saponins and phenolic acids were the most abundant. Notably, SJ-1 exhibited the most distinct metabolite profile when compared to the other cultivars. Amino acids/peptides and nucleosides were found to be crucial factors contributing to the unique metabolite profile of SJ-1. Collectively, these aforementioned metabolites accounted for a substantial 60% of the total metabolites observed in each quinoa variety. Additionally, a correlation between the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the free phenolic content of quinoa was observed. Variations in phenolic content resulted in different antioxidant capacities among the quinoa cultivars, and SJ-1 exhibited lower phenolic levels and weaker antioxidant activity than the others. These results can provide important information for the development of quinoa resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.W.); (G.L.); (C.X.); (R.Y.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Guannan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.W.); (G.L.); (C.X.); (R.Y.)
| | - Chong Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.W.); (G.L.); (C.X.); (R.Y.)
| | - You Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.W.); (G.L.); (C.X.); (R.Y.)
| | - Jirong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianhong Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.W.); (G.L.); (C.X.); (R.Y.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Kang Tu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (S.W.); (G.L.); (C.X.); (R.Y.)
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13
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Waliat S, Arshad MS, Hanif H, Ejaz A, Khalid W, Kauser S, Al-Farga A. A review on bioactive compounds in sprouts: extraction techniques, food application and health functionality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2023.2176001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Waliat
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Hadia Hanif
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Afaf Ejaz
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Safura Kauser
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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14
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Rubinovich L, Dagan R, Lugasi Y, Galili S, Asher A. The potential of young vegetative quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) as a new sustainable protein-rich winter leafy crop under Mediterranean climate. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290000. [PMID: 38064459 PMCID: PMC10707627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for protein products has significantly risen in the last few years. In western countries, animals are the primary source of protein; however, plants could take a share of this market due to lower production costs, among other advantages such as a lower environmental footprint. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a well-known but under-utilized protein-rich crop, commonly cultivated for grain production. These plants were recently evaluated for their use as a non-traditional, green leafy crop. Here we assessed the potential of young vegetative quinoa as a new sustainable winter leafy crop in Israel-serving as a model for Mediterranean semi-arid regions, by evaluating yield, protein content and quality. Five quinoa accessions were sown on three winter sowing dates over two consecutive years. Plants were harvested when they reached 10% dry matter (DM). DM yield ranged between 574 and 1,982 kg ha-1 and was generally higher in the second year. Protein content ranged from 14.4-34% and was generally higher in the first year. Protein yield ranged from 111-471 kg ha-1 and was greatest on the December sowing date. DM and protein yields were positively correlated with plant density. Protein content was negatively correlated with plant density and DM yield. Our findings show that 200 g DM of young vegetative quinoa can meet the protein and most essential amino acid requirements for a 70 kg human adult. Prospects for cultivating young vegetative quinoa in Mediterranean countries as a new sustainable, protein-rich winter leafy crop are therefore high, as supported by its high protein yields and quality, and its requirement for only scant irrigation. Further studies should examine economic and other agrotechnical parameters toward the geographical distribution and expansion of young vegetative quinoa cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Rubinovich
- Northern Agriculture R&D, MIGAL–Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Reut Dagan
- Northern Agriculture R&D, MIGAL–Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Yaron Lugasi
- Northern Agriculture R&D, MIGAL–Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Shmuel Galili
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Aviv Asher
- Northern Agriculture R&D, MIGAL–Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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15
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Arjmand S, Mollakhalili‐Meybodi N, Akrami Mohajeri F, Madadizadeh F, Khalili Sadrabad E. Quinoa dough fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactic acid bacteria: Changes in saponin, phytic acid content, and antioxidant capacity. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7594-7604. [PMID: 38107108 PMCID: PMC10724584 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of two fermentation processes (common fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fermentation by Lacticaseibacillus casei subsp. casei PTCC 1608 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum PTCC 1745) on pH, titratable acidity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, saponin content, as well as phytic acid content of quinoa dough were investigated during the 24-h fermentation (4-h interval). According to the results, the highest titratable acidity was observed in the samples fermented by L. casei subsp. casei. Moreover, the highest antioxidant capacity was observed after 12 h of fermentation by L. plantarum subsp. plantarum (31.22% for DPPH, 104.67% for FRAP) due to a higher concentration of phenolic compounds produced (170.5% for total phenolic content). Also, all samples have been able to reduce saponin by 67% on average. Furthermore, the samples fermented by L. plantarum subsp. plantarum showed the most significant decrease in phytic acid content (64.64%) during 24-h fermentation. By considering the reduction of the antinutritional compounds and improvement in the antioxidant properties of quinoa flour, the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Arjmand
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and SafetyDepartment of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Neda Mollakhalili‐Meybodi
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and SafetyDepartment of Food Science and Technology, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Fateme Akrami Mohajeri
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and SafetyDepartment of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterShahid Sadoughi HospitalShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Farzan Madadizadeh
- Center for Healthcare Data modelingDepartments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of public healthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
| | - Elham Khalili Sadrabad
- Research Center for Food Hygiene and SafetyDepartment of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public HealthShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterShahid Sadoughi HospitalShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazdIran
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16
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Pashapour S, Saberivand A, Khaki AA, Saberivand M. Effect of saponin on spermatogenesis and testicular structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2023; 14:601-606. [PMID: 38169545 PMCID: PMC10758008 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2023.1986019.3727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
About a third of human infertility is related to male factors. Of these, idiopathic-related infertility is not curable. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting male impotence and fertility by increased production of free radicals and oxidative stress. Saponin, a glycosidic compound found in many plants, improves sperm parameters. The present study investigated the effect of saponin on sperm oxidative stress and testicular structure in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The diabetes was induced by the administration of 150 mg kg-1 STZ via a single intra-peritoneal injection. All experimental mice were allocated to the following groups: Control group, diabetic control group, diabetic group administrated 100 mg kg-1 saponin daily and one healthy group administrated saponin daily for 56 days. At the end of the treatment period, serum levels of insulin, glucose and oxidative stress markers were measured. A histological evaluation of testicles was performed. Treatment of diabetic mice with saponin ameliorated testicular tissue damage as well as serum glucose and insulin concentrations. Furthermore, in the diabetic group, the serum concentration of malondialdehyde was increased; while, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes was reduced. The mean Johnsen's score and the diameter and thickness of seminiferous tubules were lower in the diabetic mice than control ones. However, these parameters were higher in the saponin-treated mice than controls. Overall, saponin administration rectified all examined parameters. The anti-oxidant role of saponin improves sperm parameters and diabetes-induced testicular oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadigheh Pashapour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Adel Saberivand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
| | - Maryam Saberivand
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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17
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Kao CC, Lin JY. Culture condition optimization of naturally lacto-fermented cucumbers based on changes in detrimental and functional ingredients. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100839. [PMID: 37780341 PMCID: PMC10534157 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-step trial was used to optimize the culture condition of naturally lacto-fermented cucumbers. In the first trial, changes in pH values and total biogenic amines were measured to optimize the pickling juice formula. A 15% crystal sugar solution with low-salt brine at 4 °C was proved to be the best formula. In the second trial, pH values, organic acids, total phenolics, flavonoids, saponins and free amino acids, as well as biogenic amines and nitrites under the optimal pickling formula were measured. The optimal fermentation day was suggested at around 8 days. During the cucumber's fermentation process, the pH value was quickly lowered to <4.6. Meanwhile, the functional ingredients increased significantly. In contrast, total biogenic amines and nitrites did not exceed the risk limit, evidencing the safety and functional characteristics for the naturally lacto-fermented cucumbers. The two-step trial has evidenced the possibility to develop desirable lacto-fermented cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chia Kao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuarn Lin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
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18
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Afzal I, Haq MZU, Ahmed S, Hirich A, Bazile D. Challenges and Perspectives for Integrating Quinoa into the Agri-Food System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3361. [PMID: 37836099 PMCID: PMC10574050 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is a highly nutritious and abiotic stress-tolerant crop that can be used to ensure food security for the rapidly growing world population under changing climate conditions. Various experiments, based on morphology, phenology, physiology, and yield-related attributes, are being conducted across the globe to check its adoptability under stressful environmental conditions. High weed infestation, early stand establishment, photoperiod sensitivity, loss of seed viability after harvest, and heat stress during its reproductive stage are major constraints to its cultivation. The presence of saponin on its outer surface is also a significant restriction to its local consumption. Scientists are using modern breeding programs, such as participatory approaches, to understand and define breeding goals to promote quinoa adaptation under marginalized conditions. Despite its rich nutritional value, there is still a need to create awareness among people and industries about its nutritional profile and potential for revenue generation. In the future, the breeding of the sweet and larger-grain quinoa varietals will be an option for avoiding the cleaning of saponins, but with the risk of having more pests in the field. There is also a need to focus on mechanized farming systems for the cultivation, harvesting, and processing of quinoa to facilitate and expand its cultivation and consumption across the globe, considering its high genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Afzal
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Zia Ul Haq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Shahbaz Ahmed
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Laayoune 70000, Morocco;
| | - Didier Bazile
- CIRAD, SENS, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- SENS, CIRAD, IRD, University Paul Valery Montpellier 3, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
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19
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Timilsena YP, Phosanam A, Stockmann R. Perspectives on Saponins: Food Functionality and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13538. [PMID: 37686341 PMCID: PMC10487995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Saponins are a diverse group of naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites present in a wide range of foods ranging from grains, pulses, and green leaves to sea creatures. They consist of a hydrophilic sugar moiety linked to a lipophilic aglycone, resulting in an amphiphilic nature and unique functional properties. Their amphiphilic structures enable saponins to exhibit surface-active properties, resulting in stable foams and complexes with various molecules. In the context of food applications, saponins are utilized as natural emulsifiers, foaming agents, and stabilizers. They contribute to texture and stability in food products and have potential health benefits, including cholesterol-lowering and anticancer effects. Saponins possess additional bioactivities that make them valuable in the pharmaceutical industry as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiparasitic agents to name a few. Saponins can demonstrate cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines and can also act as adjuvants, enhancing the immune response to vaccines. Their ability to form stable complexes with drugs further expands their potential in drug delivery systems. However, challenges such as bitterness, cytotoxicity, and instability under certain conditions need to be addressed for effective utilization of saponins in foods and related applications. In this paper, we have reviewed the chemistry, functionality, and application aspects of saponins from various plant sources, and have summarized the regulatory aspects of the food-based application of quillaja saponins. Further research to explore the full potential of saponins in improving food quality and human health has been suggested. It is expected that this article will be a useful resource for researchers in food, feed, pharmaceuticals, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakindra Prasad Timilsena
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia;
| | - Arissara Phosanam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakhon Nakon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Regine Stockmann
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia;
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20
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Zhou X, Yue T, Wei Z, Yang L, Zhang L, Wu B. Evaluation of nutritional value, bioactivity and mineral content of quinoa bran in China and its potential use in the food industry. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100562. [PMID: 37600465 PMCID: PMC10432820 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa bran is a by-product during quinoa processing, which is not well used due to its high content of antinutritional factors. The nutritional, antinutritional, antioxidative and mineral content were analyzed in quinoa bran from five producing areas (Hebei, Shanxi, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Gansu Province) in China. The results showed that the mean values of protein, starch, fat, fiber, reducing sugar, ash, moisture and energy in quinoa bran were 9.35%, 47.37%, 8.26%, 10.74%, 3.68%, 6.25%, 9.29% and 360.2 kcal/100 g, respectively. Although the protein content in quinoa bran is lower than that in quinoa grain, it is comparable to that in other grains (rice, corn, millet and sorghum) and brans (wheat, oat and rice), so it has the commercial potential to be processed into animal feed or other edible food. The contents of antioxidant flavonoids (460.9 mg/100g) and polyphenols (477.8 mg/100 g) in quinoa bran were higher than those in quinoa grain, suggesting that quinoa bran had better antioxidant capacity. The contents of saponins, tannins and phytic acid in quinoa bran were 18.65, 0.30 and 0.73%, respectively. The content of saponins was nearly one times higher than that in quinoa grain, the contents of tannins and phytic acid, however, were lower than those in quinoa grain. Therefore, the removal of saponins is the key to eliminate the antinutritional properties of quinoa bran. The contents of macroelements (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus) and microelements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, selenium, barium) in quinoa bran were generally higher than those in quinoa grain, which was consistent with the results of ash determination. In summary, quinoa bran was found to be a rich source of nutritional and bioactive components and minerals. If the antinutritional problem can be overcome, quinoa bran has great potential for application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyong Zhou
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Ting Yue
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Zuofu Wei
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Lihong Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Baomei Wu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Microbial Application Technologies, Shanxi Normal University, Shanxi, Taiyuan, 030000, China
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21
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Ren G, Teng C, Fan X, Guo S, Zhao G, Zhang L, Liang Z, Qin P. Nutrient composition, functional activity and industrial applications of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Food Chem 2023; 410:135290. [PMID: 36608550 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa is one of the gluten-free crops that has attracted considerable interest. Quinoa contains functional ingredients such as bioactive peptides, polysaccharides, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids and other compounds. It is very important to determine efficient methods to identify such functional ingredients, and to explain their possible health benefits in humans. In this review, the chemical structure and biological activity mechanisms of quinoa nutrient composition have been elaborated. In addition, the development of quinoa-based functional foods and feed is emerging, providing a reference for the development of functional products with quinoa as an ingredient that are beneficial to health. The active ingredients in quinoa have different health effects including antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities. Further exploration is also needed to improve the application of quinoa within the functional food industry, and in the areas of feed, medicine and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixing Ren
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Cong Teng
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengyuan Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- School of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zou Liang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Peiyou Qin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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22
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El Mouttaqi A, Sabraoui T, Belcaid M, Ibourki M, Mnaouer I, Lazaar K, Sehbaoui F, Ait Elhaj R, Khaldi M, Rafik S, Zim J, Nilahyane A, Ghoulam C, Devkota KP, Kouisni L, Hirich A. Agro-morphological and biochemical responses of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd. var: ICBA-Q5) to organic amendments under various salinity conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1143170. [PMID: 37223820 PMCID: PMC10200984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1143170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the Sahara Desert, due to drought and salinity and poor soil fertility, very limited crop choice is available for the farmers to grow crops. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has shown promising under such conditions in the South of Morocco, a true representative site of Sahara Desert. Soil organic amendments have the potential to minimize negative effects of soil salinity and improve crop production. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the impact of nine organic amendments on quinoa (var. ICBA-Q5) growth, productivity, and biochemical parameters under saline irrigation water application (4, 12, and 20 dS·m-1). Results of the experiment indicate a significant effect of organic amendments on major agro-morphological and productivity parameters. Biomass and seed yield tends to decrease with the rise of salinity level, and organic amendments have improved productivity compared to the non-treated control. However, salinity stress alleviation was assessed by determining pigments concentration, proline content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Therefore, the action of organic amendments varies from one level of salinity to another. Furthermore, a remarkably significant decrease in total saponin content was reached due to the application of amendments even at high saline conditions (20 dS·m-1). The results demonstrate the possibility of enhancing the productivity of quinoa as an alternative food crop under salinity conditions by using organic amendments and improving the quality of grains (saponin reduction) during the pre-industrialization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub El Mouttaqi
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Talal Sabraoui
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Belcaid
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ibourki
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Ihssane Mnaouer
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Karima Lazaar
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Faissal Sehbaoui
- Agri-Edge, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Reda Ait Elhaj
- Agri-Edge, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Manal Khaldi
- Agri-Edge, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Sifeddine Rafik
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Jamaâ Zim
- Department of Plant Protection, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Nilahyane
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Cherki Ghoulam
- AgroBioSciences Program, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Agrobiotechnology & Bioengineering Centre, Cadi Ayyad University, FST, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Krishna Prasad Devkota
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
- Soil, Water, and Agronomy (SWA) Program, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lamfeddal Kouisni
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Hirich
- Agriculure in Marginal Environment Program, African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Laayoune, Morocco
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23
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Saeed Z, Alkheraije KA. Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1157633. [PMID: 37180056 PMCID: PMC10168295 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian species have long struggled with the problem of coccidiosis, a disease that affects various parts of the intestine, including the anterior gut, midgut, and hindgut. Among different types of coccidiosis, cecal coccidiosis is particularly dangerous to avian species. Chickens and turkeys are commercial flocks; thus, their parasites have remained critical due to their economic importance. High rates of mortality and morbidity are observed in both chickens and turkeys due to cecal coccidiosis. Coccidiostats and coccidiocidal chemicals have traditionally been added to feed and water to control coccidiosis. However, after the EU banned their use because of issues of resistance and public health, alternative methods are being explored. Vaccines are also being used, but their efficacy and cost-effectiveness remain as challenges. Researchers are attempting to find alternatives, and among the alternatives, botanicals are a promising choice. Botanicals contain multiple active compounds such as phenolics, saponins, terpenes, sulfur compounds, etc., which can kill sporozoites and oocysts and stop the replication of Eimeria. These botanicals are primarily used as anticoccidials due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Because of the medicinal properties of botanicals, some commercial products have also been developed. However, further research is needed to confirm their pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and methods of concentrated preparation. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the plants that have the potential to act as anticoccidials and to explain the mode of action of different compounds found within them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Saeed
- Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid A. Alkheraije
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Lin X, Zhou Q, Zhou L, Sun Y, Han X, Cheng X, Wu M, Lv W, Wang J, Zhao W. Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Bran Saponins Alleviate Hyperuricemia and Inhibit Renal Injury by Regulating the PI3K/AKT/NFκB Signaling Pathway and Uric Acid Transport. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6635-6649. [PMID: 37083411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoids derived from natural products can exert antihyperuricemic effects. Here, we investigated the antihyperuricemic activity and mechanism of quinoa bran saponins (QBSs) in hyperuricemic mouse and cell models. The QBS4 fraction, with the highest saponin content, was used. Fourier-transform infrared, high-performance liquid chromatography, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 11 individual saponins in QBS4, of which the main components were hederagenin and oleanolic acid. The QBS4 effects on hyperuricemic mice (induced by adenine and potassium oxonate) were then studied. QBS4 reduced the levels of uric acid (UA), serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and lipids in mice with hyperuricemia (HUA) and decreased renal inflammation and renal damage. Molecular analysis revealed that QBS4 may alleviate HUA by regulating the expression of key genes involved in the transport of UA and by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT/NFκB inflammatory signaling pathway. In conclusion, QBS4 has promise for using as a natural dietary supplement to treat and prevent HUA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Yasai Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Mengying Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lv
- National Engineering Research Center for Semi-arid Agriculture, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, P. R. China
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25
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Miyahira RF, Giangiarulo T, de Oliveira Lopes J, da Silva WP, Esmerino EA, Antunes AEC. Sprouts consumption: A correlational study between Brazilian consumers' perception, motivation to eat new products levels and food choice factors. J SENS STUD 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thamires Giangiarulo
- Institute of Nutrition State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | | | - Wanessa Pires da Silva
- Department of Food Technology (MTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Erick Almeida Esmerino
- Department of Food Technology (MTA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Fluminense Federal University (UFF) Niterói RJ Brazil
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26
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Evaluation of saponin and phenolic profile of quinoa seeds after fungal fermentation. J Cereal Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2023.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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27
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Han C, Lin B, Huang X, Mao Z, Kong X, Fang L, Xue P, Wang A, Zhang F. Quinoa husk peptides reduce melanin content via Akt signaling and apoptosis pathways. iScience 2022; 26:105721. [PMID: 36582825 PMCID: PMC9793265 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the treatment of pigmentation disorders, looking for natural and safe inhibitors of melanin synthesis has become an area of research interest. The quinoa husk peptides reportedly elicit various biological activities (e.g., anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-hypertensive, and so forth), but its effects on melanin inhibition remain unknown. In the current study, we purified quinoa husk peptides with 30 and 80% ethanol using a macroporous adsorption resin (DA201-C). Component screening revealed that the 80%-ethanol fraction (i.e., QHP fraction) contained numerous short peptides (84.41%) and hydrophobic amino acids (45.60%), while eliciting a superior tyrosinase [TYR]-inhibition rate, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazil-scavenging rate, reducing activity, and chelating capacity compared to the 30% fraction and was thus applied in subsequent analyses. Differentially expressed genes in the QHP fraction were primarily enriched in the Akt-signaling pathways based on transcriptomics. Thus, we assessed the expression of related proteins and genes in A375 cells and rat skin cells following treatment with QHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijing Han
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Bingjie Lin
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojie Mao
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoting Kong
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Peng Xue
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
| | - Anning Wang
- Neurology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University (Weifang People’s Hospital), Weifang, 261000 Shandong, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 Shandong, China
- Corresponding author
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28
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Chuong Nguyen TH, Kim Lien GT, Yen PH, Ho TT, Thuy Van DT, Van Kiem P, Hung NH, Kuo PC, Setzer WN. Molluscicidal Activity of Compounds From the Roots of Aralia armata Against the Golden Apple Snail ( Pomacea canaliculata). Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221144573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aralia armata (Araliaceae) is considered to exhibit effective molluscicidal activity, however, the relationship between the chemical components and molluscicidal activity has not been clearly elucidated. This research attempts to decipher these correlations among the 15 compounds isolated from Vietnam-grown A. armata roots against the freshwater snail, Pomacea canaliculata, a gastropod causing severe damage in agricultural production. Methods: Fifteen saponins were isolated from the methanol root extract of A. armata using chromatographic methods and were identified using spectroscopic techniques. The compounds were screened for molluscicidal activity against P. canaliculata, as well as toxicity against brine shrimp ( Artemia sp.) and phytotoxicity against rice germination and growth. Results: The saponin compounds exhibited extraordinary inhibition of P. canaliculata with LC50 values ranging from 7.90 to 17.50 µg/mL. Notably, the active compounds from A. armata exhibit safety for both nontarget aquatic animals, specifically Artemia sp. with LC50 values between 148.55 and 193.22 µg/mL, and the growth and development of Oryza sativa L. plants showed very little difference compared with the negative control . A molecular docking analysis indicated P. canaliculata acetylcholinesterase (PcAChE) and the actin-binding protein villin (PcVillin) to be potential biomolecular targets of the A. armata saponins. Conclusion: The present experimental and in silico data illustrate the potential of A. armata in agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hong Chuong Nguyen
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural sciences, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Giang Thi Kim Lien
- Institute for Research and Executive Education, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tam Ho
- Faculty of Natural sciences, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Thuy Van
- University of Science Education, The University of Danang, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huy Hung
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural sciences, Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
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29
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Manjarres Hernández EH, Morillo Coronado AC, Cárdenas Chaparro A, Merchán López C. Yield, phenology and triterpene saponins in Colombian quinoa. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.919885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring yield, phenology and their relationship with secondary metabolites in seeds provides a fundamental analysis that expands knowledge on the nutritional quality of seeds and the effect on productive potential. This knowledge is fundamental when improving or selecting nutritionally important crops, including Chenopodium quinoa Willd, which has excellent nutritional properties and contributes to global food security. This species contains saponins, a metabolite that imparts a bitter taste and can be highly toxic to consumers in large quantities. Therefore, the identification and selection of genotypes according to their saponin contents and outstanding agronomic characteristics are fundamental objectives for the genetic improvement programs of these species. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the characteristics of the grain, the phenology and the saponin content of 30 C. quinoa accessions with an aim to select or relate genotypes according to their yield and grain quality. The accessions were sown using randomized complete blocks (RCB) with nine repetitions for each material. Seven FAO-defined descriptors were evaluated to characterize the grain and physiological maturity. Saponin was extracted using microwave, and the quantification was done with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which a UV-VIS detector at 277 nm wavelength. The accessions were classified according to their phenology: semi-late (56.7%), late (36.7%), and semi-early (3.3%). The total triterpene saponin content varied from 0.018 to 0.537%. The multivariate and cluster analyses formed groups of accessions with good yields (>62.02 g of seeds per plant) and desirable grain morphological characteristics. The more suitable accessions for the production of saponins are Quinoa semiamarga (0.537%), Quinoa peruana (0.412%) and Amarilla de maranganí (0.305%). Quinoa real and Quinoa primavera are more suitable for food products, which can be used as parents in future quinoa genetic improvement programs in Colombia.
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30
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The Effects of Processing Technologies on Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Properties of Pseudocereals and Minor Cereal. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Yang F, Guo T, Zhou Y, Han S, Sun S, Luo F. Biological functions of active ingredients in quinoa bran: Advance and prospective. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:4101-4115. [PMID: 36315046 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2139219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Quinoa is known to be a rich source of nutrients and bioactive components. Quinoa bran, used mainly as animal feed in processing by-products, is also a potential source of bioactive ingredients being conducive to human health. The importance of nutrition and function of quinoa seed has been discussed in many studies, but the bioactive properties of quinoa bran often are overlooked. This review systemically summarized the progress in bioactive components, extraction, and functional investigations of quinoa bran. It suggests that chemically assisted electronic fractionation could be used to extract albumin from quinoa bran. Ultrasound-assisted extraction method is a very useful method for extracting phenolic acids, triterpene saponins, and flavonoids from quinoa bran. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies for biological activities, quinoa bran extract exhibits a wide range of beneficial properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer functions. However, human experiments and action mechanisms need to investigate. Further exploring quinoa bran will promote its applications in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and poultry feed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Yang
- National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tianyi Guo
- National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuai Han
- National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuguo Sun
- National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, National Research Center of Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhao Y, Ma Y, Li J, Liu B, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhang M, Wang C, Zhang L, Lv W, Mu G. Transcriptomics-metabolomics joint analysis: New highlight into the triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis in quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964558. [PMID: 36340365 PMCID: PMC9627512 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) contains various physiologically active substances, including vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, and saponins. Research showed that saponins were the protective substances in the outer layer of quinoa seeds to defend against microbes, herbivores, and insects. Because the aglycones of quinoa saponins are triterpenoids, they are called triterpenoid saponins (TSs). In addition, the presence of TS imparted bitterness in quinoa and resulted in anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the seeds of low-saponin quinoa, NT376-2 (N), and high-saponin quinoa, B-12071(B), at 30 and 60 days after flowering (DAF) were used to measure the TS content and evaluated for their transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles. The amounts of TS were found to significantly differ between all possible comparisons: N and B at 30 DAF (N1_vs_B1), N and B at 60 DAF (N2_vs_B2), N at 30 DAF and 60 DAF (N1_vs_N2), and B at 30 DAF and 60 DAF (B1_vs_B2). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and revealed 14,703 upregulated DEGs and 26,267 downregulated DEGs in the four comparison groups. The 311 overlapping DEGs found in the four comparisons were used for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses to screen for DEGs related to TS biosynthesis in quinoa. Metabolomics analysis identified acetyl-CoA, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-butenyl-4-diphosphate, farnesal, and (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene as the key differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Transcriptomics-metabolomics joint analysis showed that triterpenoid biosynthesis and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis were the enriched pathways of TS biosynthesis; farnesal were the key DAMs shared in the four comparison groups and associated with 10 key candidate DEGs related to TS biosynthesis in quinoa. These results provided important references for in-depth research on the metabolic mechanism of TS in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Zhao
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yucong Ma
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Bin Liu
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Min Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Lv
- National Semi-arid Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guojun Mu
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Laboratory of Hebei Provincial Crop Germplasm Resources, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Screening for α-Glucosidase-Inhibiting Saponins from Pressurized Hot Water Extracts of Quinoa Husks. Foods 2022; 11:foods11193026. [PMID: 36230101 PMCID: PMC9563573 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study extracted total saponins from quinoa husks with pressurized hot water extraction and optimized the extraction conditions. The response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to investigate the effects of extraction flow rate, extraction temperature and extraction time on the extraction yield of total saponins. A maximal yield of 23.06 mg/g was obtained at conditions of 2 mL/min, 210 °C and 50 min. The constituents of the extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). A total of twenty-three compounds were identified, including five flavonoids, seventeen triterpenoid saponins and a phenolic acid. Moreover, we performed an in vitro assay for the α-glucosidase activity and found a stronger inhibitory effect of the quinoa husk extracts than acarbose, suggesting its potential to be developed into functional products with hypoglycemic effect. Finally, our molecular docking analyses indicated triterpenoid saponins as the main bioactive components.
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Zhou H, Safdar B, Li H, Yang L, Ying Z, Liu X. Identification of a novel α-amylase inhibitory activity peptide from quinoa protein hydrolysate. Food Chem 2022; 403:134434. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Development of Functional Fermented Dairy Products Containing Taiwan Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) in Regulating Glucose Utilization. FERMENTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taiwan djulis (Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.) is a plant native to Taiwan and is a grain rich in nutrients, vitamins, and minerals with antioxidant properties. This paper aimed to use appropriate processing technology and incorporate probiotics, thus combining Taiwan’s high-quality milk sources to develop Taiwan djulis fermented dairy products. Later, FL83B cells have used to evaluate the glucose utilization ability after the administration of djulis. We first screened Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and combined it with the traditional yogurt strains Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus for cultivation. Further, the fermentation process was optimized where 7.5% djulis and an inoculum of 107 colony forming unit/mL were fermented at 40 °C for 18 h. Compared to fermented milk without djulis, the analysis of various nutrients and active ingredients showed that free radical scavenging abilities of DPPH and ABTS reached 2.3 and 2.0 times (752.35 ± 29.29 µg and 771.52 ± 3.79 µg TE/g, respectively). The free phenol content increased 2.5 times (169.90 ± 14.59 mg gallic acid/g); the total flavonoid content enhanced 4.8 times (3.05 ± 0.03 mg quercetin/g), and the gamma-aminobutyric acid content was 3.07 ± 0.94 mg/g. In a co-culture of mouse liver cells with fermented products, 100 ppm ethanol extract of fermented products effectively improved glucose utilization with increased glucose transporter expression. This functional fermented dairy product can be developed into the high value added local agricultural products and enhance multiple applications including medical and therapeutic fields.
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Chen X, He X, Sun J, Wang Z. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Quinoa Extract and Its Fractions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082420. [PMID: 35458616 PMCID: PMC9032577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to evaluate the chemical compositions and biological activities of quinoa, a novel and excellent food crop. Quinoa extract and its fractions were prepared by ethanol extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, including ethanol crude extract, and petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate (EAF), and n-butanol and water fractions. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activities, α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities of the extract and fractions were further determined. Based on these foundations, the chemical composition of the EAF fraction exhibiting the strongest functional activity was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed the EAF fraction had the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, and the highest antioxidant activities, as well as the strongest α-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory abilities, which is even better than the positive control. The phytochemical composition of the EAF fraction indicated that 661 and 243 metabolites were identified in positive and negative ion modes, which were classified into superclass, class and subclass levels, respectively. Phenolic acids and flavonoids were the major bioactive compounds in the EAF fraction. This study found that quinoa, especially its ethyl acetate fraction, had the potential for the development of natural antioxidants, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and hypoglycemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (X.C.); (X.H.)
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (X.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (X.C.); (X.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-Processing Technology, Nanning 530007, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Z.W.)
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Sharifi-Rad M, Pohl P, Epifano F, Zengin G, Jaradat N, Messaoudi M. Teucrium polium (L.): Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities at Different Phenological Stages. Molecules 2022; 27:1561. [PMID: 35268662 PMCID: PMC8911654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in the content of phytochemical compounds and in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities of Teucrium polium L. aerial parts and root methanolic extracts at different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, and seeding). The T. polium extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their antioxidant properties were tested with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), ferrous ions (Fe2+), and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) methods. Forty-nine compounds were identified with the majority of germacrene D, t-cadinol, β-pinene, carvacrol, bicyclogermacrene, α-pinene, and limonene. The results show that the extracts significantly differ between different phenological stages of the plant material used in terms of the phytochemical composition (total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total alkaloids, and total saponin contents) and bioactivities (antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory) (p < 0.05). The highest total contents of phenolics (72.4 ± 2.5 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight), flavonoids (36.2 ± 3.1 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry weight), alkaloids (105.7 ± 2.8 mg atropine equivalent (AE)/g dry weight), and saponins (653 ± 6.2 mg escin equivalent (EE)/g dry weight), as well as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, were measured for the extract of the aerial parts obtained at the flowering stage. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the extracts were varied within 9.4−300 µg/mL, while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were varied within 18.75−600 µg/mL. In addition, they were more active on Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria. The data of this work confirm that the T. polium extracts have significant biological activity and hence can be used in the pharmaceutical industry, clinical applications, and medical research, as well as cosmetic and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Zabol 98613-35856, Iran
| | - Pawel Pohl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Francesco Epifano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “Gabriele d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, Italy;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box. 7, Palestine;
| | - Mohammed Messaoudi
- Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, P.O. Box 180, Ain Oussera, Djelfa 17200, Algeria;
- Chemistry Department, University of Hamma Lakhdar El-Oued, B.P. 789, El-Oued 39000, Algeria
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Guan X, Cao H, Li L, Yu J, Liu H. Characterization of Saponins from Differently Colored Quinoa Cultivars and Their In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Fermentation Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1810-1818. [PMID: 35119265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa contains rich saponins, which are removed during processing and cause ecological waste. We extracted saponins from quinoa (SEQ) in black, white, and red cultivars and compared their composition by spectrophotometric assay and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis combined with acid hydrolysis. The digestion and fermentation properties of SEQ were investigated using an in vitro model. Our results showed that acid hydrolysis released sapogenins, mainly phytolaccagenin (PA), hederagenin (HD), and oleanolic acid from SEQ. Varying from SEQ in red, SEQ in black and white had a similar composition and content of sapogenins. Gastrointestinal digestion did not release sapogenins from SEQ but reduced the antioxidant activity of SEQ. Gut microbiota from human feces released PA and HD from SEQ. Reciprocally, SEQ in black significantly increased the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., while reducing the growth of Shigella spp. The present study provides guidance for further investigation about the bioactivities of saponins from quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junda Chen
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hanlin Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Components in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Greens: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030558. [PMID: 35276913 PMCID: PMC8840215 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a nutrient-rich grain native to South America and eaten worldwide as a healthy food, sometimes even referred to as a ”superfood”. Like quinoa grains, quinoa greens (green leaves, sprouts, and microgreens) are also rich in nutrients and have health promoting properties such as being antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiobesity, and cardio-beneficial. Quinoa greens are gluten-free and provide an excellent source of protein, amino acids, essential minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Quinoa greens represent a promising value-added vegetable that could resolve malnutrition problems and contribute to food and nutritional security. The greens can be grown year-round (in the field, high tunnel, and greenhouse) and have short growth durations. In addition, quinoa is salt-, drought-, and cold-tolerant and requires little fertilizer and water to grow. Nevertheless, consumption of quinoa greens as leafy vegetables is uncommon. To date, only a few researchers have investigated the nutritional properties, phytochemical composition, and human health benefits of quinoa greens. We undertook a comprehensive review of the literature on quinoa greens to explore their nutritional and functional significance to human health and to bring awareness to their use in human diets.
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Villacrés E, Quelal M, Galarza S, Iza D, Silva E. Nutritional Value and Bioactive Compounds of Leaves and Grains from Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020213. [PMID: 35050101 PMCID: PMC8777597 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is an important crop for food security and food sovereignty in Ecuador. In this study, we evaluated the nutritional value, bioactive compounds, and antinutrient compounds of leaves and grains of the Ecuadorian quinoa variety Tunkahuan, and we identified significant differences between the nutrient content in the leaves and grains. The quinoa leaves presented a higher protein content than the grains, as well as inorganic nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc. Both the grains and leaves had an appreciable phenolic content. In addition, the quinoa grains presented a higher content of the antinutrient saponin than the leaves, while the leaves contained more nitrates and oxalates than the grains. Thus, quinoa leaves and grains exhibit excellent potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Villacrés
- Departamento de Nutrición y Calidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Mejía 171108, Ecuador;
- Correspondence:
| | - María Quelal
- Departamento de Nutrición y Calidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Mejía 171108, Ecuador;
| | - Susana Galarza
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga 050108, Ecuador;
| | - Diana Iza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador;
| | - Edmundo Silva
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090514, Ecuador;
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Technological, Sensory, and Hypoglycemic Effects of Quinoa Flour Incorporation into Biscuits. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6484953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Biscuits are consumed by all of society in the world. Incorporation of different ratios of quinoa flour into wheat flour for the production of biscuits is needed for the production of functional foods. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of 12.5% or 25% quinoa flour into biscuit production, evaluate rheological and sensory characteristics, and investigate the effect of the consumption of 20% cooked biscuits on diabetic rats. Design. The gross chemical composition, total carotenoids, phenolic and flavonoids of wheat flour and quinoa flour, and the rheological properties of the control, 12.5% quinoa, and 25% quinoa biscuit dough were determined. The effects of consumption of 12.5% quinoa and 25% quinoa biscuits on diabetic rats were investigated. Results. Quinoa flour had significantly higher levels of the gross chemical composition except for carbohydrate and increased phenolic compound and flavonoids content than those in wheat flour. Increasing the amount of quinoa flour in the biscuits could increase the farinograph and extensograph values of the dough. Biological results showed that the highest improvement in nutritional values appeared in the diabetic rat group, which consumed 25% quinoa biscuit for 60 days. The consumption of 12.5% quinoa biscuit and 25% quinoa biscuit showed a decline in blood glycosylated hemoglobin and glucose and an elevation in insulin levels compared with the positive control diabetic rat group. Discussion and Conclusion. It is encouraging to replace wheat flour with quinoa flour in biscuit manufacturing owing to positive effects on both the technological properties and sensory evaluation of biscuits. The increase of quinoa flour up to 25% had favorable nutritional values and hypoglycemic effects.
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Morillo AC, Manjarres EH, Mora MS. Afrosymetric method for quantifying saponins in Chenopodium Quinoa Willd. from Colombia. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e262716. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal that, in addition to presenting good nutritional characteristics in the grain, has secondary metabolites in the episperm of the seeds and, within them, saponins. Saponins are characterized by being emulsifying, foaming and generating a bitter taste. This metabolite has not been completely studied in quinoa materials from Colombia. For this reason, the objective of this research was to quantify the content of saponins present in quinoa materials from the department of Boyacá using three afrosimetric methods. For this, a completely randomized design (CRD) was implemented with a factorial arrangement of 3 (afrosimetric methods) x 5 (quinoa materials). From the quantification of saponins, it was determined that the Amarilla de maranganí genotype, was the one that presented the highest content in all the evaluated methods; the standard afrosimetric method being the most efficient. Finally, the conglomerate analysis allowed to discriminate the materials in sweet quinoas such as Tunkahuan and Blanca de Jericó with saponin contents lower than 0.06%, and in bitter quinoas (Negra de la Colorada, Dorada and Amarilla de Maranganí) with contents higher than 0.11%. The biochemical characterization of the germplasm will allow a selection of genotypes suitable for consumption and for the industry, given the potential use that saponins currently have.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Morillo
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Colombia
| | | | - M. S. Mora
- Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Colombia
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Song C, Lv W, Li Y, Nie P, Lu J, Geng Y, Heng Z, Song L. Alleviating the effect of quinoa and the underlying mechanism on hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:106. [PMID: 34922572 PMCID: PMC8684231 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome and has attracted widespread attention due to its increased prevalence. Daily dietary management is an effective strategy for the prevention of NAFLD. Quinoa, a nutritious pseudocereal, is abundant in antioxidative bioactive phytochemicals. In the present study, the effects of different amounts of quinoa on the progression of NAFLD and the related molecular mechanism were investigated. Methods Male SD rats were simultaneously administered a high fat diet (HF) and different amounts of quinoa (equivalent to 100 g/day and 300 g/day of human intake, respectively). After 12 weeks of the intervention, hepatic TG (triglyceride) and TC (total cholesterol) as well as serum antioxidative parameters were determined, and hematoxylin–eosin staining (H&E) staining was used to evaluate hepatic steatosis. Differential metabolites in serum and hepatic tissue were identified using UPLC-QTOF-MSE. The mRNA expression profile was investigated using RNA-Seq and further verified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Low amounts of quinoa (equivalent to 100 g/d of human intake) effectively controlled the weight of rats fed a high-fat diet. In addition, quinoa effectively inhibited the increase in hepatic TG and TC levels, mitigated pathological injury, promoted the increase in SOD and GSH-Px activities, and decreased MDA levels. Nontarget metabolic profile analysis showed that quinoa regulated lipid metabolites in the circulation system and liver such as LysoPC and PC. RNA-Seq and RT-PCR verification revealed that a high amount of quinoa more effectively upregulated genes related to lipid metabolism [Apoa (apolipoprotein)5, Apoa4, Apoc2] and downregulated genes related to the immune response [lrf (interferon regulatory factor)5, Tlr6 (Toll-like receptor), Tlr10, Tlr11, Tlr12]. Conclusion Quinoa effectively prevented NAFLD by controlling body weight, mitigating oxidative stress, and regulating the lipid metabolic profile and the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and the immune response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-021-00631-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Song
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wei Lv
- National Semi-Arid Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Center for Food Evaluation, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Pan Nie
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Yanlou Geng
- National Semi-Arid Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhang Heng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China.
| | - Lihua Song
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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44
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Zhao P, Li X, Sun H, Zhao X, Wang X, Ran R, Zhao J, Wei Y, Liu X, Chen G. Healthy values and de novo domestication of sand rice ( Agriophyllum squarrosum), a comparative view against Chenopodium quinoa. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-22. [PMID: 34755571 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1999202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) is prized for its well-balanced nutritional properties, broad adaptability in Central Asia and highly therapeutic potentials. It has been considered as a potential climate-resilient crop. Its seed has comparable metabolite profile with Chenopodium quinoa and is rich in proteins, essential amino acids, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phenolics, but low in carbohydrates. Phenolics like protocatechuic acid and quercetins have been characterized with biological functions on regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in addition to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Sand rice is thus an important source for developing functional and nutraceutical products. Though historical consumption has been over 1300 years, sand rice has undergone few agronomic improvements until recently. Breeding by individual selection has been performed and yield of the best genotype can reach up to 1295.5 kg/ha. Furthermore, chemical mutagenesis has been used to modify the undesirable traits and a case study of a dwarf line (dwarf1), which showed the Green Revolution-like phenotypes, is presented. Utilization of both breeding methodologies will accelerate its domestication process. As a novel crop, sand rice research is rather limited compared with quinoa. More scientific input is urgently required if the nutritional and commercial potentials are to be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,Shapotou Desert Research & Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruilan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiecai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,Shapotou Desert Research & Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Animal Husbandry Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,Shapotou Desert Research & Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
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45
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Enciso-Roca EC, Aguilar-Felices EJ, Tinco-Jayo JA, Arroyo-Acevedo JL, Herrera-Calderon O. Biomolecules with Antioxidant Capacity from the Seeds and Sprouts of 20 Varieties of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (Quinoa). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112417. [PMID: 34834779 PMCID: PMC8618655 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa has acquired a great interest due to its high content of nutrients and biomolecules that have nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to compare the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), and the antioxidant capacity of 20 varieties of seeds and sprouts of quinoa extract. Quinoa seeds were germinated for 72 h and dried in an oven at 45 °C. The extracts were obtained by dynamic extraction using methanol. Phytochemical analysis with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), TPC, TF, and the antioxidant capacity was carried out and compared between both extracts. The TPC was determined with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, TF with AlCl3, and the antioxidant capacity was determined according to the DPPH and ABTS assays. Sprout extracts showed high values of TPC (31.28 ± 0.42 mg GAE/g; Pasankalla variety), TF (14.31 ± 0.50 mg EQ/g; black Coito variety), and antioxidant capacity (IC50 (DPPH): 12.69 ± 0.29 µg/mL and IC50 (ABTS): 3.51 ± 0.04 µg/mL; Pasankalla). The extracts of the Pasankalla variety revealed 93 and 90 phytochemical constituents in the seeds and sprouts, respectively, such as amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, and triterpene saponins, among others. Quinoa sprouts showed a high content of TPC and TF, and high antioxidant capacity compared with seed extracts, especially the Pasankalla variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Carlos Enciso-Roca
- Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Portal Independencia 57, Ayacucho 05003, Peru; (E.C.E.-R.); (E.J.A.-F.); (J.A.T.-J.)
| | - Enrique Javier Aguilar-Felices
- Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Portal Independencia 57, Ayacucho 05003, Peru; (E.C.E.-R.); (E.J.A.-F.); (J.A.T.-J.)
| | - Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo
- Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Portal Independencia 57, Ayacucho 05003, Peru; (E.C.E.-R.); (E.J.A.-F.); (J.A.T.-J.)
| | - Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo
- Department of Dynamic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Miguel Grau 755, Lima 15001, Peru;
| | - Oscar Herrera-Calderon
- Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Jr. Puno 1002, Lima 15001, Peru
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-956-550-510
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46
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Sun W, Zhan J, Zheng T, Wu G, Xu H, Chen Y, Yao M, Zeng J, Yan J, Chen H. Involvement of several putative transporters of different families in β-cyclocitral-induced alleviation of cadmium toxicity in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) seedlings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126474. [PMID: 34186425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has a serious negative impact on crop growth and human food security. This study investigated the alleviating effect of β-cyclocitral, a potential heavy metal barrier, on Cd stress in quinoa seedlings and the associated mechanisms. Our results showed that β-cyclocitral alleviated Cd stress-induced growth inhibition in quinoa seedlings and promoted quinoa seedling root development under Cd stress. Moreover, it maintained the antioxidant system of quinoa seedlings, including the enzymatic, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and nonenzymatic, i.e., reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA), antioxidants, which eliminate the damage from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results showed that β-cyclocitral could reduce the amount of Cd absorbed by roots. Furthermore, we systematically identified five transporter families from the quinoa genome, and the RT-qPCR results showed that ZIP, Nramp and YSL gene families were downregulated by β-cyclocitral to reduce Cd uptake by roots. Thus, β-cyclocitral promoted the growth, photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant capacity of the aboveground parts of quinoa seedlings. Taken together, these results suggested that the β-cyclocitral-induced decrease in Cd uptake may be caused by the downregulation of several selected transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210032, China.
| | - Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Guoming Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Haishen Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Min Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jing Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
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47
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Dong Q, Hu N, Yue H, Wang H, Ku J. Identification of α-glucosidase inhibitors from the bran of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. by surface plasmon resonance coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1181:122919. [PMID: 34500401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from the bran of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (QBE) were reported to be active in inhibiting α-glycosidase, a promising target for treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, the constituents responsible for the α-glucosidase-inhibiting activity of QBE have not been fully characterized. The present study aimed to set up a method for rapid identification of glycosidase inhibiting compounds from the quinoa bran. With surface plasmon resonance (SPR) coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we identified eight flavonoids and ten triterpenoid saponins that may bind to the α-glycosidase. Analysis of the interaction kinetics by molecular docking supported their α-glucosidase-inhibiting activity and revealed the potential mechanisms for the inhibitory effects. In summary, this study established a SPR and LC-MS-based method for rapid in vitro screening of α-glucosidase inhibitors and suggested the quinoa bran a potential natural source of α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dong
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Hu
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Huilan Yue
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Honglun Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai 810008, China.
| | - Jinliang Ku
- Beijing Tongrentang Health Pharmaceutical (Qinghai) Co. Ltd, Qinghai 817000, China
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48
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Ng CY, Wang M. The functional ingredients of quinoa (
Chenopodium quinoa
) and physiological effects of consuming quinoa: A review. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yi Ng
- Food and Nutritional Science Program School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- Food and Nutritional Science Program School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong P. R. China
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49
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Increased Extracellular Saponin Production after the Addition of Rutin in Truffle Liquid Fermentation and Its Antioxidant Activities. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins possess a variety of pharmacological effects and exhibit great potential in the food industry as bioactive substances. In this study, extracellular saponin production via the liquid fermentation of Tuber melanosporum occurred with the addition of rutin. For this purpose, medium composition and culture conditions were optimized using single-factor experiments and an orthogonal experiment design. The optimal medium consisted of glucose (43.5 g/L), peptone (6 g/L), KH2PO4 (1.15 g/L), NaCl (0.2 g/L), vitamin B2 (0.082 g/L), vitamin B6 (0.1 g/L), vitamin C (0.02 g/L), and rutin (4.8 g/L). The culture conditions were as follows: 12.5% (v/v) inoculation, medium volume of 50 mL/250 mL flask, culture temperature of 24 °C, shaker speed of 190 rpm, initial pH of 5.7, and culture time of 96 h. Finally, a maximal extracellular saponin content of 0.413 g/L was obtained, which was 134.7% higher than that in the base medium. Rutin proved to be an excellent promoter, because the saponin production was increased by 50.2% compared to that in the optimized medium without rutin. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of truffle saponins reached 94.13%, 79.26%, and 42.22 mM, respectively. This study provides a useful strategy for fungal bioactive saponin production by liquid fermentation with the addition of flavonoid compounds.
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50
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Miyahira RF, Lopes JDO, Antunes AEC. The Use of Sprouts to Improve the Nutritional Value of Food Products: A Brief Review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:143-152. [PMID: 33719022 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sprouts are vegetable foods rich in phytonutrients, such as glucosinolates, phenolics, and isoflavones. Many studies have shown that sprouts also have high concentrations of vitamins and minerals. In addition to the high concentration of nutrients, sprouts can present a reduction of anti-nutritional factors such as phytates, tannins, and oxalates, which increases the bioaccessibility of minerals. However, their nutritional composition depends on several factors, such as the type of sprout and the germination conditions. In recent years, these foods have been highly demanded because they are associated to many health benefits. Moreover, germination is an easy and fast process, and does not depend on specific climatic conditions (potentially more sustainable to growth). The use of sprouts for the elaboration of food products can be a good strategy to increase the nutritional value of certain products that are widely consumed worldwide. In this sense, studies that evaluated the impact of adding sprouted grains on the nutritional value of some products, as well as the effect on their sensory properties were searched in the scientific literature. Most of them used germinated grain flours to replace wheat flour in food products. The satisfactory results of these products were associated with the type of sprout used and with the level of replacement of the wheat flour. This review briefly explored the nutritional benefits and the sensory acceptance of food products made with added sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fontanive Miyahira
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 12° andar, sala 12006 D - Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, CEP: 20550-013, Brazil.
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCA/UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jean de Oliveira Lopes
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (FCA/UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
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