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Wei HX, Guan YN, Chen PP, Rao ZZ, Yang JS. Upregulation of EphA4 deteriorate brain damage by shifting microglia M1-polarization via NF-κB signaling after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18429. [PMID: 37519758 PMCID: PMC10375859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the main reason of disability and mortality in many countries, and currently has limited treatments. The post-stroke inflammation characterized with microglia activation and polarization has been regarded as a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. After ischemia, the activated microglia polarize to classical (M1) phenotype or alternative (M2) phenotype and exhibit biphasic function. Promoting microglia phenotype shift from deleterious M1 phenotype to neuroprotective M2 phenotype will be promising in stroke treatment. Increasing evidence indicates that the erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular (Eph) receptor A4 (EphA4), a kind of abundant Eph receptor, distributes mainly in neuron and participates in multiple links of pathological changes after ischemia. This paper discussed the hypothesis that EphA4 receptor could affect ischemic brain injury through EphA4/ephrin bidirectional signaling between neuron and microglia, and then explored its underlying mechanisms. We manipulated EphA4/ephrin signaling with either EphA4 overexpression lentiviral vectors or the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to upregulate or knock down neuronal EphA4 expression. NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate ammonium salt (PDTC) was applied to block NF-κB pathway. According to the experimental results, upregulated neuronal EphA4 induced by ischemia deteriorated neurological function as well as brain damage by shifting microglia M1-polarization via promoting NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xing Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, PR China
| | - Yun-Ni Guan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Ping-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zhao-Zeng Rao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Neurology, Longyan People's Hospital, Longyan, PR China
| | - Jin-Shan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, PR China
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Badia-Soteras A, de Vries J, Dykstra W, Broersen LM, Verkuyl JM, Smit AB, Verheijen MHG. High-Throughput Analysis of Astrocyte Cultures Shows Prevention of Reactive Astrogliosis by the Multi-Nutrient Combination Fortasyn Connect. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091428. [PMID: 35563732 PMCID: PMC9099974 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are specialized glial cells that tile the central nervous system (CNS) and perform numerous essential functions. Astrocytes react to various forms of CNS insults by altering their morphology and molecular profile, through a process known as reactive astrogliosis. Accordingly, astrocyte reactivity is apparent in many neurodegenerative diseases, among which one is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent clinical trials on early-stage AD have demonstrated that Fortasyn Connect (FC), a multi-nutrient combination providing specific precursors and cofactors for phospholipid synthesis, helps to maintain neuronal functional connectivity and cognitive performance of patients. Several studies have shown that FC may act through its effects on neuronal survival and synaptogenesis, leading to reduced astrocyte reactivity, but whether FC can directly counteract astrocyte reactivity remains to be elucidated. Hence, we developed an in vitro model of reactive astrogliosis using the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ together with an automated high-throughput assay (AstroScan) to quantify molecular and morphological changes that accompany reactive astrogliosis. Next, we showed that FC is potent in preventing cytokine-induced reactive astrogliosis, a finding that might be of high relevance to understand the beneficial effects of FC-based interventions in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Badia-Soteras
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.-S.); (J.d.V.); (W.D.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Janneke de Vries
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.-S.); (J.d.V.); (W.D.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Werner Dykstra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.-S.); (J.d.V.); (W.D.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Laus M. Broersen
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.M.B.); (J.M.V.)
| | - Jan Martin Verkuyl
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.M.B.); (J.M.V.)
| | - August B. Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.-S.); (J.d.V.); (W.D.); (A.B.S.)
| | - Mark H. G. Verheijen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.B.-S.); (J.d.V.); (W.D.); (A.B.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Gao X, Zeb S, He YY, Guo Y, Zhu YM, Zhou XY, Zhang HL. Valproic Acid Inhibits Glial Scar Formation after Ischemic Stroke. Pharmacology 2022; 107:263-280. [PMID: 35316816 DOI: 10.1159/000514951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral ischemia induces reactive proliferation of astrocytes (astrogliosis) and glial scar formation. As a physical and biochemical barrier, the glial scar not only hinders spontaneous axonal regeneration and neuronal repair but also deteriorates the neuroinflammation in the recovery phase of ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown the neuroprotective effects of the valproic acid (2-n-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) against ischemic stroke, but its effects on the ischemia-induced formation of astrogliosis and glial scar are still unknown. As targeting astrogliosis has become a therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke, this study was designed to determine whether VPA can inhibit the ischemic stroke-induced glial scar formation and to explore its molecular mechanisms. METHODS Glial scar formation was induced by an ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model in vivo and an oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)-reoxygenation (OGD/Re) model in vitro. Animals were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of VPA (250 mg/kg/day) for 28 days, and the ischemic stroke-related behaviors were assessed. RESULTS Four weeks of VPA treatment could markedly reduce the brain atrophy volume and improve the behavioral deficits in rats' I/R injury model. The results showed that VPA administrated upon reperfusion or 1 day post-reperfusion could also decrease the expression of the glial scar makers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurocan, and phosphacan in the peri-infarct region after I/R. Consistent with the in vivo data, VPA treatment showed a protective effect against OGD/Re-induced astrocytic cell death in the in vitro model and also decreased the expression of GFAP, neurocan, and phosphacan. Further studies revealed that VPA significantly upregulated the expression of acetylated histone 3, acetylated histone 4, and heat-shock protein 70.1B in the OGD/Re-induced glial scar formation model. CONCLUSION VPA produces neuroprotective effects and inhibits the glial scar formation during the recovery period of ischemic stroke via inhibition of histone deacetylase and induction of Hsp70.1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Salman Zeb
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xian-Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangsu Key, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Shen XY, Gao ZK, Han Y, Yuan M, Guo YS, Bi X. Activation and Role of Astrocytes in Ischemic Stroke. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:755955. [PMID: 34867201 PMCID: PMC8635513 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.755955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke refers to the disorder of blood supply of local brain tissue caused by various reasons. It has high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They are responsible for the homeostasis, nutrition, and protection of the CNS and play an essential role in many nervous system diseases’ physiological and pathological processes. After stroke injury, astrocytes are activated and play a protective role through the heterogeneous and gradual changes of their gene expression, morphology, proliferation, and function, that is, reactive astrocytes. However, the position of reactive astrocytes has always been a controversial topic. Many studies have shown that reactive astrocytes are a double-edged sword with both beneficial and harmful effects. It is worth noting that their different spatial and temporal expression determines astrocytes’ various functions. Here, we comprehensively review the different roles and mechanisms of astrocytes after ischemic stroke. In addition, the intracellular mechanism of astrocyte activation has also been involved. More importantly, due to the complex cascade reaction and action mechanism after ischemic stroke, the role of astrocytes is still difficult to define. Still, there is no doubt that astrocytes are one of the critical factors mediating the deterioration or improvement of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ya Shen
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Sha Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Differential effects of the cell cycle inhibitor, olomoucine, on functional recovery and on responses of peri-infarct microglia and astrocytes following photothrombotic stroke in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:168. [PMID: 34332596 PMCID: PMC8325288 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02208-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following stroke, changes in neuronal connectivity in tissue surrounding the infarct play an important role in both spontaneous recovery of neurological function and in treatment-induced improvements in function. Microglia and astrocytes influence this process through direct interactions with the neurons and as major determinants of the local tissue environment. Subpopulations of peri-infarct glia proliferate early after stroke providing a possible target to modify recovery. Treatment with cell cycle inhibitors can reduce infarct volume and improve functional recovery. However, it is not known whether these inhibitors can influence neurological function or alter the responses of peri-infarct glia without reducing infarction. The present study aimed to address these issues by testing the effects of the cell cycle inhibitor, olomoucine, on recovery and peri-infarct changes following photothrombotic stroke. Methods Stroke was induced by photothrombosis in the forelimb sensorimotor cortex in Sprague-Dawley rats. Olomoucine was administered at 1 h and 24 h after stroke induction. Forelimb function was monitored up to 29 days. The effects of olomoucine on glial cell responses in peri-infarct tissue were evaluated using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Olomoucine treatment did not significantly affect maximal infarct volume. Recovery of the affected forelimb on a placing test was impaired in olomoucine-treated rats, whereas recovery in a skilled reaching test was substantially improved. Olomoucine treatment produced small changes in aspects of Iba1 immunolabelling and in the number of CD68-positive cells in cerebral cortex but did not selectively modify responses in peri-infarct tissue. The content of the astrocytic protein, vimentin, was reduced by 30% in the region of the lesion in olomoucine-treated rats. Conclusions Olomoucine treatment modified functional recovery in the absence of significant changes in infarct volume. The effects on recovery were markedly test dependent, adding to evidence that skilled tasks requiring specific training and general measures of motor function can be differentially modified by some interventions. The altered recovery was not associated with specific changes in key responses of peri-infarct microglia, even though these cells were considered a likely target for early olomoucine treatment. Changes detected in peri-infarct reactive astrogliosis could contribute to the altered patterns of functional recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02208-w.
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Network pharmacology identifies IL6 as an important hub and target of tibolone for drug repurposing in traumatic brain injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111769. [PMID: 34058440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by a complex network of signals mediating inflammatory, proliferative and apoptotic processes during its acute and chronic phases. Current therapies mitigate damage and are mainly for palliative care and there are currently no effective therapies for secondary damage. This suggests a need to discover a compound with a greater spectrum of action that can control various pathological aspects of TBI. Here we used a network pharmacology approach to explore the benefits of tibolone, an estrogen and androgen receptor agonist with broader actions in cells, as a possible repurposing drug for TBI therapy. Using different databases we retrieved the targets significantly associated to TBI and tibolone, obtaining 2700 and 652, respectively. The top 10 GO enriched terms were mostly related to cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation. Following protein-protein functional analysis, the top connected proteins were related to kinase activity (MAPK1/14/3, AKT1 PIK3R1), apoptosis (TP53, CASP3), growth factors (EGFR), estrogen signalling (ESR1) and inflammation (IL6, TNF), with IL6 as an important signalling hub belonging to the top GO categories. Thus, we identified IL6 as a cellular node which we then validated using molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MMGBSA) and docking to explore which tibolone metabolite might interact with this protein. Both 3α and 3β-OH tibolone seemed to bind better to IL6 at important sites responsible for its binding to IL6R. In conclusion, our study demonstrates key hubs involved in TBI pathology which indicates IL6 as a target molecule of tibolone as drug repurposing for TBI therapy.
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Dong C, Wen S, Zhao S, Sun S, Zhao S, Dong W, Han P, Chen Q, Gong T, Chen W, Liu W, Liu X. Salidroside Inhibits Reactive Astrogliosis and Glial Scar Formation in Late Cerebral Ischemia via the Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:755-769. [PMID: 33389472 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia leads to reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation. Glial scarring can impede functional restoration during the recovery phase of stroke. Salidroside has been shown to have neuroprotective effects after ischemic stroke, but its impact on long-term neurological recovery, especially whether it regulates reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation, is unclear. In this study, male adult C57/BL6 mice were subjected to transient cerebral ischemia injury followed by intravenous salidroside treatment. Primary astrocytes were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or conditioned medium from cultured primary neurons subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (CM-OGD). Salidroside significantly improved long-term functional outcomes following ischemic stroke in the rotarod and corner tests. It also reduced brain glial scar volume and decreased expression of the glial scar marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and inhibited astrocyte proliferation. In primary astrocyte cultures, salidroside protected astrocytes from CM-OGD injury-induced reactive astroglial proliferation, increasing the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase and reducing the S populations. The inhibitory effect of salidroside on the cell cycle was related to downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) mRNA expression and increased p27Kip1 mRNA expression. Similar results were found in the LPS-stimulated injury model in astroglial cultures. Western blot analysis demonstrated that salidroside attenuated the CM-OGD-induced upregulation of phosphorylated Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β). Taken together, these results suggested that salidroside can inhibit reactive astrocyte proliferation, ameliorate glial scar formation and improve long-term recovery, probably through its effects on the Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengya Dong
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohong Wen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunying Zhao
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangfeng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100176, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Dong
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingxin Han
- Department of Biomedicine, Beijing City University, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfang Chen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Gong
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biomedicine, Beijing City University, Beijing, 100094, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Chen
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Liu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Liu
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of R/S-Roscovitine and CDKs Related Inhibition under Both Focal and Global Cerebral Ischemia: A Focus on Neurovascular Unit and Immune Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010104. [PMID: 33429982 PMCID: PMC7827530 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Following ischemic stroke, Neurovascular Unit (NVU) inflammation and peripheral leucocytes infiltration are major contributors to the extension of brain lesions. For a long time restricted to neurons, the 10 past years have shown the emergence of an increasing number of studies focusing on the role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) on the other cells of NVU, as well as on the leucocytes. The most widely used CDKs inhibitor, (R)-roscovitine, and its (S) isomer both decreased brain lesions in models of global and focal cerebral ischemia. We previously showed that (S)-roscovitine acted, at least, by modulating NVU response to ischemia. Interestingly, roscovitine was shown to decrease leucocytes-mediated inflammation in several inflammatory models. Specific inhibition of roscovitine majors target CDK 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9 showed that these CDKs played key roles in inflammatory processes of NVU cells and leucocytes after brain lesions, including ischemic stroke. The data summarized here support the investigation of roscovitine as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ischemic stroke, and provide an overview of CDK 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9 functions in brain cells and leucocytes during cerebral ischemia.
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Yu Y, Shi Z, Xu D, Li Y, Qin J, Zhang Z, Wang H. Prenatal ethanol exposure increases susceptibility to depression- and anxiety-like behavior in adult female offspring and its underlying mechanism. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:36-46. [PMID: 32497709 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations have found that maternal alcohol intake increases the risk of mental illness in offspring. Our study investigated changes of depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in adult offspring caused by prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) and explored the potential mechanism. After Wistar rats were intragastrically administered ethanol at a dose of 4 g/kg·d on the 9-20 t h days of pregnancy, the offspring were given 21 days of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) starting from the 9th week after birth. Before CUMS, the behavioral results showed that the PEE offspring appeared excited and anxious. After CUMS, the PEE offspring rats were more sensitive to the same intensity of stimulation, and then the behavioral disorders aggravated. In adult offspring from the PEE group, the intercellular space was enlarged in the hippocampus, and there was a loss of pyramidal cells. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) decreased; the mRNA expression of the glucocorticoid receptor and synaptic plasticity-related genes decreased; the apoptosis-related genes expressed disrupted. In order to determine whether hippocampal injury and dysfunction resulted from ethanol directly or indirectly, we performed in vitro study. The outcome was accompanied by disrupted gene expression related to neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. PEE increases the susceptibility of adult female offspring to depression- and anxiety-like behaviors, and its mechanism may be related to the toxic effects of ethanol, both directly and indirectly. The latter inhibits the hippocampal BDNF pathway, leading to the disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis, apoptosis and decreased synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhaokun Shi
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Shi Y, Luo P, Yi C, Xie J, Zhang Q. Effects of Mitofusin2 on astrocytes proliferation in vitro induced by scratch injury. Neurosci Lett 2020; 729:134969. [PMID: 32283113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis, a common phenomenon after central nervous system (CNS) injury, exerts negative effects on neuronal repair and recovery by forming a glial scar. Mitofusin2 (Mfn2), a hyperplasia suppression gene, is a potential target of therapeutics to better control astrogliosis. To simulate traumatic injury of the CNS in vivo, an in vitro scratch injury model was established to investigate the role of Mfn2 in the proliferation of astrocytes in this study. We demonstrated that scratch-injury stimulation upregulated the expression of the markers cyclin D1, PCNA and GFAP and turned quiescent astrocytes into mitotic cells, which may have been via activation of Ras-Raf1-ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt signaling. Meanwhile, both the gene and protein of Mfn2 were markedly inhibited. Furthermore, overexpression of Mfn2 effectively attenuated astrocyte proliferation and halted the cell cycle, concomitant with marker downregulation and wound healing suppression. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of Mfn2 inhibits the reactive astrogliosis process by blocking the Raf1-ERK1/2 and PI3K-Akt signal pathways. Therapeutic approaches that target Mfn2 may have protective effects against reactive gliosis and glia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Shi
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-Ji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital of Hubei Province, Hankou District, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital of Hubei Province, Hankou District, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengla Yi
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-Ji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-Ji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-Ji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, China
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Grison A, Atanasoski S. Cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases, and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in the Mouse Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3206-3218. [PMID: 32506380 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development and normal physiology of the nervous system require proliferation and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells in a strictly controlled manner. The number of cells generated depends on the type of cell division, the cell cycle length, and the fraction of cells that exit the cell cycle to become quiescent or differentiate. The underlying processes are tightly controlled and modulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their interactions with cyclins and Cdk inhibitors (CKIs). Studies performed in the nervous system with mouse models lacking individual Cdks, cyclins, and CKIs, or combinations thereof, have shown that many of these molecules control proliferation rates in a cell-type specific and time-dependent manner. In this review, we will provide an update on the in vivo studies on cyclins, Cdks, and CKIs in neuronal and glial tissue. The goal is to highlight their impact on proliferation processes during the development of the peripheral and central nervous system, including and comparing normal and pathological conditions in the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Grison
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzana Atanasoski
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Song X, Gong Z, Liu K, Kou J, Liu B, Liu K. Baicalin combats glutamate excitotoxicity via protecting glutamine synthetase from ROS-induced 20S proteasomal degradation. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101559. [PMID: 32473460 PMCID: PMC7260594 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many neuroprotective approaches targeting neurons in animal models fail to provide benefits for the treatment of ischemic stroke in clinic and glial cells have become the targets in some basic studies. Baicalin has neuroprotective effects but the mechanisms related to glial cells are not revealed. This study investigated whether and how baicalin can combat excitotoxicity via protecting the functions of astrocytes in early stage of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult by focusing on glutamine synthetase (GS). Experimental approach The role of baicalin was explored in primary astrocytes exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). Key results Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activation led to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via reverse electron transport (RET) under conditions of OGD/R or I/R, which increased the carbonylation and proteasomal degradation of GS in astrocytes. Treatment of baicalin decreased the oxidative stress mediated by SDH and reduced the subsequent loss of GS. This effect increased the glutamate disposal by astrocytes and protected neurons from excitotoxicity in response to I/R insults. Conclusions and implications Baicalin inactivated SDH to suppress ROS production and protected GS protein stability against oxidative stress, contributing to the improvement of the glutamate disposal and decrease in excitotoxicity. These results suggest that protection of GS stability in astrocytes might be an effective strategy to prevent neuronal injury in acute ischemic stroke. SDH activation induced the excessive ROS production during early reperfusion. Activated SDH-induced GS degradation by 20S proteasome impaired glutamate disposal. Baicalin inactivated SDH, decreased GS loss and suppressed excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Song
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Zixuan Gong
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kaili Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Junping Kou
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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13
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He Y, Liu X, Chen Z. Glial Scar-a Promising Target for Improving Outcomes After CNS Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:340-352. [PMID: 31776856 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After central nervous system (CNS) injury, a series of stress responses induce astrocytes activation. Reactive astrocytes, which are typically different from astrocytes in normal conditions in altered morphology and gene expression, combine with extracellular matrix (ECM) components to form a glial scar at the lesion site, which walls of the injured region from neighboring healthier tissue. However, as a physical and molecular barrier, glial scar can impede patients' functional recovery in the late period of CNS injury. Thus, inhibiting glial scar formation in the chronic stage after CNS injury may be a promising target to improve outcomes. Since the therapeutic strategies targeting on mediating glial scar formation are regarded as an important part on improving functional recovery after CNS injury, in this review, we focus on the regulating effects of related signaling pathways and other molecules on glial scar, and the process of glial scar formation and the roles that it plays during the acute and chronic stages are also expounded in this article. We hope to get a comprehensive understanding of glial scar during CNS injury based on current researches and to open new perspectives for the therapies to promote functional recovery after CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuyi People's Hospital, 28 Hongwu Road, Xuyi, 211700, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuyi People's Hospital, 28 Hongwu Road, Xuyi, 211700, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongying Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xuyi People's Hospital, 28 Hongwu Road, Xuyi, 211700, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Shi C, Wang H, Gao C, Chang P, Chen X, Shan H, Zhang M, Tao L. Hydrogen sulfide protects against cell damage through modulation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 117:105636. [PMID: 31654751 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide as the third endogenous gaseous mediator had protective effects against traumatic brain injury-induced neuronal damage in mice. However, the exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying traumatic brain injury is complicated and the protective role of H2S is not yet fully known. Therefore, we combined the mechanical injury (scratch) with secondary injury including metabolic impairment (no glucose) together to investigate the underlying cellular mechanism of hydrogen sulfide in vitro models of traumatic brain injury. In the present study, we found that H2S could prevent the scratch-induced decrease in the expression of cystathionine-β-synthetase, a key enzyme involved in the source of hydrogen sulfide, and endogenous hydrogen sulfide generation in PC12 cells. We also found that hydrogen sulfide could prevent scratch-induced cellular injury, alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell death (autophagic cell death and apoptosis) in PC12 cells. It was also found that blocking PI3K/AKT pathway by LY294002, abolished the protection of H2S against scratch-induced cellular reactive oxygen species level and NRF2 accumulation and function in the nucleus. These results suggest that hydrogen sulfide protects against cell damage induced by scratch injury through modulation of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. This study raises the possibility that hydrogen sulfide may have therapeutic efficacy in traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chaoqun Shi
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haochen Wang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pan Chang
- Central Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Xiping Chen
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China; School of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Luyang Tao
- Institute of Forensic Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Ding Y, Zhang T, Wu G, McBride DW, Xu N, Klebe DW, Zhang Y, Li Q, Tang J, Zhang JH. Astrogliosis inhibition attenuates hydrocephalus by increasing cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption through the glymphatic system after germinal matrix hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113003. [PMID: 31260658 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) results from the rupture of the immature thin-walled blood vessels and consequent bleeding into the subependymal germinal matrix and possible lateral ventricles. The purpose of this study is to investigate how astrogliosis impacts the glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) reabsorption after GMH and how the anti-scarring agent olomoucine attenuates post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. GMH was induced by stereotaxic collagenase infusion into P7 Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to assess astrogliosis and how astrogliosis affects glymphatic function by measuring Aquaporin-4 expression. Intracisternal injection of fluorescence tracer was used to measure CSF diffusion throughout the brain, its dispersion in the paravascular area and CSF drainage into the deep cervical lymph nodes at 28 days after GMH. Both short-term and long-term behavioral tests were used to assess the neurological outcomes. Nissl staining was used to assess the morphological changes at 28 days after hemorrhage. GMH elicited astrogliotic scarring and reduced the exchange between CSF and interstitial fluid, as well as CSF reabsorption through the meningeal lymphatic vessels. This might be associated with redistribution of Aquaporin-4. Olomoucine ameliorated scar tissue formation and attenuated post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. These findings of this study suggested that the glymphatic system might play a role in CSF reabsorption in neonates following GMH. Scar tissue formation impairs this CSF clearance route, and therefore astrogliosis inhibition might be a potential therapeutic strategy for neonatal post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Guangyong Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Devin W McBride
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Ningbo Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Damon W Klebe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Yiting Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States of America.
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Liu Z, Xu Y, Zhang X, Miao J, Han J, Zhu Z. Riluzole blocks HU210-facilitated ventral tegmental long-term depression by enhancing glutamate uptake in astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:201-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang Y, Deng H, Hu Y, Pan C, Wu G, Li Q, Tang Z. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells stereotactic transplantation alleviate brain edema from intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14372-14382. [PMID: 30963640 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs) exhibited high potential in tissue repair and regeneration, and it has been proved that ADSCs could protect brain cells from apoptosis and maintaining blood-brain barrier stability after cerebral vascular disease. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential and mechanism of ADSCs stereotactic transplantation in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) mice model and hemin-treated astrocytes. Mice were divided into three groups: sham group, ICH + PBS group, and ICH + ADSC group. Mice in ICH + ADSC group received ADSCs cell suspension stereotactic transplantation into the area beside the bleeding region. Astrocytes were divided into three groups: control group, hemin group, and hemin + ADSC group. Astrocytes in hemin + ADSC group were cultured in ADSCs-astrocyte no-contact coculture system and treated with 30 μM hemin solution. The results showed that ADSCs stereotactic transplantation improved functional outcomes and reduced cell apoptosis after ICH. Moreover, ADSCs stereotactic transplantation could alleviate brain edema and inflammation and AQP4 protein expression contributed to the alleviation of brain edema. In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, including p38/MAPK pathway and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, were involved in AQP4 modulation by ADSCs transplantation in ICH. In conclusion, ADSCs transplantation could alleviate the nervous tissue injury, reduce cell apoptosis, and relieve brain edema in ICH. And the edema regulation effect of ADSCs transplantation is associated with inhibition of inflammation and AQP4 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Pan
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofeng Wu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhouping Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Koyama Y, Sumie S, Nakano Y, Nagao T, Tokumaru S, Michinaga S. Endothelin-1 stimulates expression of cyclin D1 and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 by activating the transcription factor STAT3 in cultured rat astrocytes. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3920-3933. [PMID: 30670587 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injury-mediated induction of reactive astrocytes often leads to glial scar formation in damaged brain regions. Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a member of the STAT family of transcription factors, plays a pivotal role in inducing reactive astrocytes and glial scar formation. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor peptide, and its levels increase in brain disorders and promote astrocytic proliferation through ETB receptors. To clarify the mechanisms underlying ET-1-mediated astrocytic proliferation, here we examined its effects on STAT3 in cultured rat astrocytes. ET-1 treatment stimulated Ser-727 phosphorylation of STAT3 in the astrocytes, but Tyr-705 phosphorylation was unaffected, and ET-induced STAT3 Ser-727 phosphorylation was reduced by the ETB antagonist BQ788. ET-1 stimulated STAT3 binding to its consensus DNA-binding motifs. Monitoring G1/S phase cell cycle transition through bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, we found that ET-1 increases BrdU incorporation into the astrocytic nucleus, indicating cell cycle progression. Of note, STAT3 chemical inhibition (with stattic or 5,15-diphenyl-porphine (5,15-DPP)) or siRNA-mediated STAT3 silencing reduced ET-induced BrdU incorporation. Moreover, ET-1 increased astrocytic expression levels of cyclin D1 and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), which were reduced by stattic, 5,15-DPP, and STAT3 siRNA. ChIP-based PCR analysis revealed that ET-1 promotes the binding of SAT3 to the 5'-flanking regions of rat cyclin D1 and SKP2 genes. Our results suggest that STAT3-mediated regulation of cyclin D1 and SKP2 expression underlies ET-induced astrocytic proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Koyama
- From the Laboratory of Pharmacology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan and
| | - Satoshi Sumie
- the Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tonda-bayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Nakano
- the Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tonda-bayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nagao
- the Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tonda-bayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Shiho Tokumaru
- the Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tonda-bayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Shotaro Michinaga
- the Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-Kita, Tonda-bayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
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Kleene R, Loers G, Jakovcevski I, Mishra B, Schachner M. Histone H1 improves regeneration after mouse spinal cord injury and changes shape and gene expression of cultured astrocytes. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2019; 37:291-313. [PMID: 31227672 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-190903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that histone H1 is a binding partner for polysialic acid (PSA) and that it improves functional recovery, axon regrowth/sprouting, and target reinnervation after mouse femoral nerve injury. OBJECTIVE Here, we analyzed whether histone H1 affects functional recovery, axon regrowth/sprouting, and target reinnervation after spinal cord injury of adult mice. Furthermore, we tested in vitro histone H1's effect on astrocytic gene expression, cell shape and migration as well as on cell survival of cultured motoneurons. METHODS We applied histone H1 to compressed spinal cord and determined functional recovery and number of fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)- and neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2)- positive glial cells, which contribute to glial scarring. Histone H1's effect on migration of astrocytes, astrocytic gene expression and motoneuronal survival was determined using scratch-wounded astroglial monolayer cultures, astrocyte cultures for microarray analysis, and motoneuron cell culture under oxidative stress conditions, respectively. RESULTS Histone H1 application improves locomotor functions and enhances monoaminergic and cholinergic reinnervation of the spinal cord. Expression levels of GFAP and NG2 around the lesion site were decreased in histone H1-treated mice relative to vehicle-treated mice six weeks after injury. Histone H1 reduced astrocytic migration, changed the shape of GFAP- and NG2-positive glial cells and altered gene expression. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that in particular genes coding for proteins involved in proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis are dysregulated. The up- and down-regulation of distinct genes was confirmed by qPCR and Western blot analysis. Moreover, histone H1 reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death of cultured motoneurons. CONCLUSIONS The combined observations indicate that histone H1 locally applied to the lesion site, improves regeneration after spinal cord injury. Some of these beneficial functions of histone H1 in vivo and in vitro can be attributed to its interaction with PSA-carrying neural cell adhesion molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Igor Jakovcevski
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bibhudatta Mishra
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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He M, Shi X, Yang M, Yang T, Li T, Chen J. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived IL-6 activates AMPK/mTOR signaling to inhibit the proliferation of reactive astrocytes induced by hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Exp Neurol 2018; 311:15-32. [PMID: 30213506 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) treatment is an effective strategy for the functional repair of central nervous system (CNS) insults through the production of bioactive molecules. We have previously demonstrated that the interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted by MSCs plays an anti-apoptotic role in injured astrocytes and partly promotes functional recovery in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). However, the mechanisms of IL-6 underlying the proliferation of injured astrocytes have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of MSCs on astrocyte proliferation in neonatal rats subjected to HIBD. A HIBD model was established in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and MSCs were administered by intracerebroventricular injection 5 days after HIBD. Rat primary astrocytes were cultured, subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury and then immediately co-cultured with MSCs in vitro. Immunofluorescence staining, Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8, flow cytometry, Ca2+ imaging, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) were performed. We found that MSCs transplantation not only promoted the recovery of learning and memory function in HIBD rats but also significantly reduced the number of Ki67+/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)+ cells in the hippocampi 7-14 days after HIBD. In addition to increasing IL-6 expression in both the hippocampi of HIBD rats and astrocyte culture medium, MSCs treatment in vitro significantly increased the expression levels of glycoprotein (gp) 130 and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase α (p-AMPKα) and decreased the expression levels of p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream targets. Furthermore, MSCs treatment induced a protein-protein interaction between gp130 and p-AMPKα. Suppression of IL-6 expression in MSCs reversed the above regulatory functions of MSCs in hippocampal astrocytes. The utilization of rapamycin further confirmed that mTOR participated in the proliferation of reactive astrocytes. These findings suggest that endogenous IL-6 produced by MSCs in the HIBD microenvironment provides therapeutic advantages by activating AMPK/mTOR signaling, thus reducing the proliferation of reactive astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulan He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xia Shi
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China; Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Chen X, Nie X, Mao J, Zhang Y, Yin K, Sun P, Luo J, Liu Y, Jiang S, Sun L. Perfluorooctane sulfonate mediates secretion of IL-1β through PI3K/AKT NF-кB pathway in astrocytes. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 67:65-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dixit AB, Banerjee J, Tripathi M, Sarkar C, Chandra PS. Synaptic roles of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 & its implications in epilepsy. Indian J Med Res 2018. [PMID: 28639593 PMCID: PMC5501049 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1249_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy to find novel prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers to prevent epilepsy patients at risk. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is involved in multiple neuronal functions and plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostatic synaptic plasticity by regulating intracellular signalling cascades at synapses. CDK5 deregulation is shown to be associated with various neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The association between chronic loss of CDK5 and seizures has been reported in animal models of epilepsy. Genetic expression of CDK5 at transcriptome level has been shown to be abnormal in intractable epilepsy. In this review various possible mechanisms by which deregulated CDK5 may alter synaptic transmission and possibly lead to epileptogenesis have been discussed. Further, CDK5 has been proposed as a potential biomarker as well as a pharmacological target for developing treatments for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Banerjee Dixit
- Center for Excellence in Epilepsy, A Joint National Brain Research Centre (NBRC)- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Collaboration, NBRC, Gurugram, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Center for Excellence in Epilepsy, A Joint National Brain Research Centre (NBRC)- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Collaboration, NBRC, Gurugram, India
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23
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Zhao X, Zhou K, Li Z, Nan W, Wang J, Xia Y, Zhang H. Knockdown of Ski decreased the reactive astrocytes proliferation in vitro induced by oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4548-4558. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
- Orthopaedics Key laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPR China
| | - Kai‐Sheng Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
- Orthopaedics Key laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPR China
| | - Zhong‐Hao Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
- Orthopaedics Key laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPR China
| | - Wei Nan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
- Orthopaedics Key laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Orthopaedics Key laboratory of Gansu ProvinceLanzhouPR China
| | - Ya‐Yi Xia
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
| | - Hai‐Hong Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouPR China
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24
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Ferrer-Acosta Y, Gonzalez-Vega MN, Rivera-Aponte DE, Martinez-Jimenez SM, Martins AH. Monitoring Astrocyte Reactivity and Proliferation in Vitro Under Ischemic-Like Conditions. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155711 DOI: 10.3791/55108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a complex brain injury caused by a thrombus or embolus obstructing blood flow to parts of the brain. This leads to deprivation of oxygen and glucose, which causes energy failure and neuronal death. After an ischemic stroke insult, astrocytes become reactive and proliferate around the injury site as it develops. Under this scenario, it is difficult to study the specific contribution of astrocytes to the brain region exposed to ischemia. Therefore, this article introduces a methodology to study primary astrocyte reactivity and proliferation under an in vitro model of an ischemia-like environment, called oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). Astrocytes were isolated from 1-4 day-old neonatal rats and the number of non-specific astrocytic cells was assessed using astrocyte selective marker Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and nuclear staining. The period in which astrocytes are subjected to the OGD condition can be customized, as well as the percentage of oxygen they are exposed to. This flexibility allows scientists to characterize the duration of the ischemic-like condition in different groups of cells in vitro. This article discusses the timeframes of OGD that induce astrocyte reactivity, hypertrophic morphology, and proliferation as measured by immunofluorescence using Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA). Besides proliferation, astrocytes undergo energy and oxidative stress, and respond to OGD by releasing soluble factors into the cell medium. This medium can be collected and used to analyze the effects of molecules released by astrocytes in primary neuronal cultures without cell-to-cell interaction. In summary, this primary cell culture model can be efficiently used to understand the role of isolated astrocytes upon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancy Ferrer-Acosta
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe
| | | | | | | | - Antonio H Martins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences, Campus, University of Puerto Rico;
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25
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Zhang Q, Xiong Y, Zhu B, Zhu B, Tian D, Wang W. Low-dose fractionated irradiation promotes axonal regeneration beyond reactive gliosis and facilitates locomotor function recovery after spinal cord injury in beagle dogs. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2507-2518. [PMID: 28921700 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the adult central nervous system (CNS) results in the formation of glial scar tissues. Glial scar-induced failure of regenerative axon pathfinding may limit axon regrowth beyond the lesion site and cause incorrect reinnervation and dystrophic appearance of stalled growth after CNS trauma. Glial scars also upregulate chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and expression of proinflammatory factor(s) that form a barrier to axonal regeneration. Therefore, interventions for glial scarring are an attractive strategy for augmenting axonal sprouting and regeneration and overcoming the physical and molecular barriers impeding functional repair. The glial reaction occurs shortly after spinal cord injury (SCI) and can persist for days or weeks with upregulation of cell cycle proteins. In this study, we utilised Beagle dogs to establish a preclinical SCI model and examine the efficacy of low-dose fractionated irradiation (LDI) treatment, which was performed once a day for 14 days (2 Gy per dose, 28 Gy in total). Low-dose fractionated irradiation is a stable method for suppressing cell activation and proliferation through interference in the cell cycle. Our results demonstrated that LDI could reduce astrocyte and microglia activation/proliferation and attenuate CSPGs and IL-1β expression. Low-dose fractionated irradiation also promoted and provided a pathway for long-distance axon regeneration beyond the lesion site, induced reinnervation of axonal targets and restored locomotor function after SCI in Beagle dogs. Taken together, our findings suggest that LDI would be a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting glial scarring, promoting axon regeneration and facilitating reconstruction of functional circuits after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bifeng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Daishi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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26
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Begum G, Song S, Wang S, Zhao H, Bhuiyan MIH, Li E, Nepomuceno R, Ye Q, Sun M, Calderon MJ, Stolz DB, St Croix C, Watkins SC, Chen Y, He P, Shull GE, Sun D. Selective knockout of astrocytic Na + /H + exchanger isoform 1 reduces astrogliosis, BBB damage, infarction, and improves neurological function after ischemic stroke. Glia 2017; 66:126-144. [PMID: 28925083 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of Na+ /H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) in astrocytes causes ionic dysregulation under ischemic conditions. In this study, we created a Nhe1flox/flox (Nhe1f/f ) mouse line with exon 5 of Nhe1 flanked with two loxP sites and selective ablation of Nhe1 in astrocytes was achieved by crossing Nhe1f/f mice with Gfap-CreERT2 Cre-recombinase mice. Gfap-CreERT2+/- ;Nhe1f/f mice at postnatal day 60-90 were treated with either corn oil or tamoxifen (Tam, 75 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 5 days. After 30 days post-injection, mice underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) to induce ischemic stroke. Compared with the oil-vehicle group (control), Tam-treated Gfap-CreERT2+/- ;Nhe1f/f (Nhe1 KO) mice developed significantly smaller ischemic infarction, less edema, and less neurological function deficits at 1-5 days after tMCAO. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed less astrocytic proliferation, less cellular hypertrophy, and less peri-lesion gliosis in Nhe1 KO mouse brains. Selective deletion of Nhe1 in astrocytes also reduced cerebral microvessel damage and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury in ischemic brains. The BBB microvessels of the control brains show swollen endothelial cells, opened tight junctions, increased expression of proinflammatory protease MMP-9, and significant loss of tight junction protein occludin. In contrast, the Nhe1 KO mice exhibited reduced BBB breakdown and normal tight junction structure, with increased expression of occludin and reduced MMP-9. Most importantly, deletion of astrocytic Nhe1 gene significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow in the ischemic hemisphere at 24 hr post-MCAO. Taken together, our study provides the first line of evidence for a causative role of astrocytic NHE1 protein in reactive astrogliosis and ischemic neurovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanshu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Eric Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachel Nepomuceno
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claudette St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yinhuai Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pingnian He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Gary E Shull
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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27
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Nakamoto K. A New Pain Regulatory System via the Brain Long Chain Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40/FFA1 Signal. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:199-204. [PMID: 28154332 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An increasingly large number of pharmacological and physiological works on fatty acids have shown that the functional properties of fatty acids are regulated by the amount of individual fatty acid intake and the distribution of fatty acids among organs. Recently, it has been determined that G-protein-coupled receptor 40/free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40/FFA1) is activated by long-chain fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). GPR40/FFA1 is mainly expressed in the β cell of the pancreas, spinal cord and brain. It is reported that this receptor has a functional role in controlling blood glucose levels via the modulation of insulin secretion. However, its physiological function in the brain remains unknown. Our previous studies have shown that GPR40/FFA1 is expressed in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-positive neurons of the arcuate nucleus, serotonergic neurons in the nucleus raphe magnus, and in noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. Furthermore, the intracerebroventricular injection of DHA or GW9508, which is a selective GPR40/FFA1 agonist, attenuates formalin-induced inflammatory pain behavior through increasing β-endorphin release in the hypothalamus. It also suppresses complete Freund's adjuvant-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Our findings suggest that brain free long-chain fatty acids-GPR40/FFA1 signaling might have an important role in the modulation of endogenous pain control systems. In this review, I discuss the current status and our recent study regarding a new pain regulatory system via the brain long chain fatty acid receptor GPR40/FFA1 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University
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28
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De Magalhaes Filho CD, Kappeler L, Dupont J, Solinc J, Villapol S, Denis C, Nosten-Bertrand M, Billard JM, Blaise A, Tronche F, Giros B, Charriaut-Marlangue C, Aïd S, Le Bouc Y, Holzenberger M. Deleting IGF-1 receptor from forebrain neurons confers neuroprotection during stroke and upregulates endocrine somatotropin. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:396-412. [PMID: 26762506 PMCID: PMC5381438 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15626718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors control numerous processes, namely somatic growth, metabolism and stress resistance, connecting this pathway to aging and age-related diseases. Insulin-like growth factor signaling also impacts on neurogenesis, neuronal survival and structural plasticity. Recent reports demonstrated that diminished insulin-like growth factor signaling confers increased stress resistance in brain and other tissues. To better understand the role of neuronal insulin-like growth factor signaling in neuroprotection, we inactivated insulin-like growth factor type-1-receptor in forebrain neurons using conditional Cre-LoxP-mediated gene targeting. We found that brain structure and function, including memory performance, were preserved in insulin-like growth factor receptor mutants, and that certain characteristics improved, notably synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons. To reveal stress-related roles of insulin-like growth factor signaling, we challenged the brain using a stroke-like insult. Importantly, when charged with hypoxia-ischemia, mutant brains were broadly protected from cell damage, neuroinflammation and cerebral edema. We also found that in mice with insulin-like growth factor receptor knockout specifically in forebrain neurons, a substantial systemic upregulation of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I occurred, which was associated with significant somatic overgrowth. Collectively, we found strong evidence that blocking neuronal insulin-like growth factor signaling increases peripheral somatotropic tone and simultaneously protects the brain against hypoxic-ischemic injury, findings that may contribute to developing new therapeutic concepts preventing the disabling consequences of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Daniel De Magalhaes Filho
- 1 INSERM Research Center UMR938, Paris, France.,2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Kappeler
- 1 INSERM Research Center UMR938, Paris, France.,2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Cécile Denis
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,5 INSERM UMR1130, Neurosciences, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France.,6 CNRS UMR8246, Neurosciences, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Marika Nosten-Bertrand
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,5 INSERM UMR1130, Neurosciences, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France.,6 CNRS UMR8246, Neurosciences, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Billard
- 7 Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, UMR894, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Annick Blaise
- 1 INSERM Research Center UMR938, Paris, France.,2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Tronche
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,5 INSERM UMR1130, Neurosciences, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France.,6 CNRS UMR8246, Neurosciences, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Giros
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,5 INSERM UMR1130, Neurosciences, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France.,6 CNRS UMR8246, Neurosciences, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Paris, France.,8 Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Saba Aïd
- 1 INSERM Research Center UMR938, Paris, France.,2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Yves Le Bouc
- 1 INSERM Research Center UMR938, Paris, France.,2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Martin Holzenberger
- 1 INSERM Research Center UMR938, Paris, France.,2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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29
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Shi Y, Yi C, Li X, Wang J, Zhou F, Chen X. Overexpression of Mitofusin2 decreased the reactive astrocytes proliferation in vitro induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation. Neurosci Lett 2016; 639:68-73. [PMID: 28013092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Glia scar is a hallmark in late-stage of brain stroke disease, which hinder axonal regeneration and neuronal repair. Mitofusin2 (Mfn2) is a newly found cellular proliferation inhibitor. This study is to elucidate the role of Mfn2 in reactive astrocytes induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R) model in vitro. Up-expression in EdU staining and protein level of GFAP, PCNA and CyclinD1, demonstrates the distinct activation and proliferation of astrocytes after the stimulation of OGD/R. Meanwhile, Mfn2 was proved to be down-regulated both in gene and protein levels. Pretreatment of cells with adenoviral vector encoding Mfn2 gene increased Mfn2 expression and subsequently attenuated OGD-induced astrocyte proliferation. Down-regulation of Ras-p-Raf1-p-ERK1/2 pathway and cell cycle arrest were found to be relevant. Together, these results suggested that overexpression of Mfn2 can effectively inhibit the proliferation of reactive astrogliosis, which might contribute to a promising therapeutic intervention in cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Shi
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, China
| | - Chengla Yi
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiangpeng Wang
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- Department of Traumatic Surgery, Tong-ji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Ministry of Education and Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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30
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Dynasore Improves Motor Function Recovery via Inhibition of Neuronal Apoptosis and Astrocytic Proliferation after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7471-7482. [PMID: 27822712 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common and devastating central nervous system insult which lacks efficient treatment. Our previous experimental findings indicated that dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) mediates mitochondrial fission during SCI, and inhibition of Drp1 plays a significant protective effect after SCI in rats. Dynasore inhibits GTPase activity at both the plasma membrane (dynamin 1, 2) and the mitochondria membrane (Drp1). The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of dynasore on SCI and its underlying mechanism in a rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham, SCI, and 1, 10, and 30 mg dynasore groups. The rat model of SCI was established using an established Allen's model. Dynasore was administered via intraperitoneal injection immediately. Results of motor functional test indicated that dynasore ameliorated the motor dysfunction greatly at 3, 7, and 10 days after SCI in rats (P < 0.05). Results of western blot showed that dynasore has remarkably reduced the expressions of Drp1, dynamin 1, and dynamin 2 and, moreover, decreased the Bax, cytochrome C, and active Caspase-3 expressions, but increased the expressions of Bcl-2 at 3 days after SCI (P < 0.05). Notably, the upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GAFP) are inhibited by dynasore at 3 days after SCI (P < 0.05). Results of immunofluorescent double labeling showed that there were less apoptotic neurons and proliferative astrocytes in the dynasore groups compared with SCI group (P < 0.05). Finally, histological assessment via Nissl staining demonstrated that the dynasore groups exhibited a significantly greater number of surviving neurons compared with the SCI group (P < 0.05). This neuroprotective effect was dose-dependent (P < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first study to indicate that dynasore significantly enhances motor function which may be by inhibiting the activation of neuronal mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and astrocytic proliferation in rats after SCI.
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31
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Li G, Cao Y, Shen F, Wang Y, Bai L, Guo W, Bi Y, Lv G, Fan Z. Mdivi-1 Inhibits Astrocyte Activation and Astroglial Scar Formation and Enhances Axonal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:241. [PMID: 27807407 PMCID: PMC5069437 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), astrocytes become hypertrophic, and proliferative, forming a dense network of astroglial processes at the site of the lesion. This constitutes a physical and biochemical barrier to axonal regeneration. Mitochondrial fission regulates cell cycle progression; inhibiting the cell cycle of astrocytes can reduce expression levels of axon growth-inhibitory molecules as well as astroglial scar formation after SCI. We therefore investigated how an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, Mdivi-1, would affect astrocyte proliferation, astroglial scar formation, and axonal regeneration following SCI in rats. Western blot and immunofluorescent double-labeling showed that Mdivi-1 markedly reduced the expression of the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and a cell proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, in astrocytes 3 days after SCI. Moreover, Mdivi-1 decreased the expression of GFAP and neurocan, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Notably, immunofluorescent labeling and Nissl staining showed that Mdivi-1 elevated the production of growth-associated protein-43 and increased neuronal survival at 4 weeks after SCI. Finally, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and behavioral evaluation of motor function indicated that Mdivi-1 also reduced cavity formation and improved motor function 4 weeks after SCI. Our results confirm that Mdivi-1 promotes motor function after SCI, and indicate that inhibiting mitochondrial fission using Mdivi-1 can inhibit astrocyte activation and astroglial scar formation and contribute to axonal regeneration after SCI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou, China
| | - Feifei Shen
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Yangsong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, China
| | - Weidong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou, China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhongkai Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou, China
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32
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Li Y, Xu XL, Zhao D, Pan LN, Huang CW, Guo LJ, Lu Q, Wang J. TLR3 ligand Poly IC Attenuates Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Recovery of Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 21:905-13. [PMID: 26494128 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Brain ischemia activates astrocytes in a process known as astrogliosis. Although this process has beneficial effects, excessive astrogliosis can impair neuronal recovery. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) has shown neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, but whether it regulates reactive astrogliosis and glial scar formation is not clear. METHODS We exposed cultured astrocytes to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and used a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)/reperfusion model to investigate the effects of Poly IC. Astrocyte proliferation and proliferation-related molecules were evaluated by immunostaining and Western blotting. Neurological deficit scores, infarct volumes and neuroplasticity were evaluated in rats after transient MCAO. RESULTS In vitro, Poly IC inhibited astrocyte proliferation, upregulated Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) expression, upregulated interferon-β, and downregulated interleukin-6 production. These changes were blocked by a neutralizing antibody against TLR3, suggesting that Poly IC function is TLR3-dependent. Moreover, in the MCAO model, Poly IC attenuated reactive astrogliosis, reduced brain infarction volume, and improved neurological function. In addition, Poly IC prevented MCAO-induced reductions in soma size, dendrite length, and number of dendritic bifurcations in cortical neurons of the infarct penumbra. CONCLUSIONS By ameliorating astrogliosis-related damage, Poly IC is a potential therapeutic agent for attenuating neuronal damage and promoting recovery after brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu-Lin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin-Na Pan
- Medical Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Chun-Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lian-Jun Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Periyasamy P, Guo ML, Buch S. Cocaine induces astrocytosis through ER stress-mediated activation of autophagy. Autophagy 2016; 12:1310-29. [PMID: 27337297 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1183844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine is known to induce inflammation, thereby contributing in part, to the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. A recent study from our lab has revealed a link between macroautophagy/autophagy and microglial activation. The current study was aimed at investigating whether cocaine could also mediate activation of astrocytes and, whether this process involved induction of autophagy. Our findings demonstrated that cocaine mediated the activation of astrocytes by altering the levels of autophagy markers, such as BECN1, ATG5, MAP1LC3B-II, and SQSTM1 in both human A172 astrocytoma cells and primary human astrocytes. Furthermore, cocaine treatment resulted in increased formation of endogenous MAP1LC3B puncta in human astrocytes. Additionally, astrocytes transfected with the GFP-MAP1LC3B plasmid also demonstrated cocaine-mediated upregulation of the green fluorescent MAP1LC3B puncta. Cocaine-mediated induction of autophagy involved upstream activation of ER stress proteins such as EIF2AK3, ERN1, ATF6 since blockage of autophagy using either pharmacological or gene-silencing approaches, had no effect on cocaine-mediated induction of ER stress. Using both pharmacological and gene-silencing approaches to block either ER stress or autophagy, our findings demonstrated that cocaine-induced activation of astrocytes (measured by increased levels of GFAP) involved sequential activation of ER stress and autophagy. Cocaine-mediated-increased upregulation of GFAP correlated with increased expression of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF, IL1B, and IL6. In conclusion, these findings reveal an association between ER stress-mediated autophagy and astrogliosis in cocaine-treated astrocytes. Intervention of ER stress and/or autophagy signaling would thus be promising therapeutic targets for abrogating cocaine-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palsamy Periyasamy
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Ming-Lei Guo
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- a Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience , University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha , NE , USA
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Morales I, Sanchez A, Rodriguez-Sabate C, Rodriguez M. The astrocytic response to the dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. J Neurochem 2016; 139:81-95. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of La Laguna, La Laguna; Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of La Laguna, La Laguna; Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| | - Clara Rodriguez-Sabate
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; University of La Laguna, La Laguna; Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
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35
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Yi M, Dou F, Lu Q, Yu Z, Chen H. Activation of the KCa3.1 channel contributes to traumatic scratch injury-induced reactive astrogliosis through the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2016; 624:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Expression of Sam68 Associates with Neuronal Apoptosis and Reactive Astrocytes After Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:487-498. [PMID: 27236696 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Src-associated in mitosis (Sam68; 68 kDa) is a novel RNA-binding protein that belongs to the signal transduction and activation of RNA family involved in various biological processes. However, the expression and roles of Sam68 in the central nervous system remain unknown. In the present study, we performed a spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats and found a significant increase of Sam68 protein levels in this model, which reached a peak at day 3 and then gradually returned to normal levels at day 14 after SCI. We use immunohistochemistry analysis revealing a widespread distribution of Sam68 in the spinal cord. In addition, double-immunofluorescence staining showed that Sam68 immunoreactivity was found predominantly in neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, colocalization of Sam68/active caspase-3 has been respectively detected in neuronal nuclei, and colocalization of Sam68/PCNA has been detected in glial fibrillary acidic protein. In vitro, we found that depletion of Sam68 by short interfering RNA inhibits neuronal apoptosis and astrocyte proliferation and decreases cyclin D1 protein levels. In conclusion, this is the first study to find the Sam68 expression in SCI. Our results suggest that Sam68 might be illustrated in the apoptosis of neurons and proliferation of astrocytes after SCI. This research will provide new drug targets for clinical treatment of SCI.
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37
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Nakamoto K, Tokuyama S. [The possibility of a novel pain control system through brain long chain fatty acid receptor GPR40/FFAR1]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2016; 146:302-8. [PMID: 26657120 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.146.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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Chen CH, Sung CS, Huang SY, Feng CW, Hung HC, Yang SN, Chen NF, Tai MH, Wen ZH, Chen WF. The role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in glial scar formation following spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2016; 278:27-41. [PMID: 26828688 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that glial scars pose as physical and chemical barriers that limit neurite regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). Evidences suggest that the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in glial scar formation. Therefore, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway may beneficially attenuate glial scar formation after SCI. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) negatively regulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that the overexpression of PTEN in the spinal cord will have beneficial effects after SCI. In the present study, we intrathecally injected a recombinant adenovirus carrying the pten gene (Ad-PTEN) to cause overexpression of PTEN in rats with contusion injured spinal cords. The results suggest overexpression of PTEN in spinal cord attenuated glial scar formation and led to improved locomotor function after SCI. Overexpression of PTEN following SCI attenuated gliosis, affected chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression, and improved axon regeneration into the lesion site. Furthermore, we suggest that the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in astrocytes at 3 days after SCI may be involved in glial scar formation. Because delayed treatment with Ad-PTEN enhanced motor function recovery more significantly than immediate treatment with Ad-PTEN after SCI, the results suggest that the best strategy to attenuate glial scar formation could be to introduce 3 days after SCI. This study's findings thus have positive implications for patients who are unable to receive immediate medical attention after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sung Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Feng
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Hung
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - San-Nan Yang
- I-Shou University, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Fu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Wu-Fu Chen
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Chen M, Ni Y, Liu Y, Xia X, Cao J, Wang C, Mao X, Zhang W, Chen C, Chen X, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal Expression of EAPP Modulates Neuronal Apoptosis and Reactive Astrogliosis After Spinal Cord Injury. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1381-90. [PMID: 25704466 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
E2F-associated phosphoprotein (EAPP) is a novel E2F binding protein that interacts with the activating members of the E2F transcription factors family and involved in various biological processes. However, the expression and function of EAPP in central nervous system (CNS) are still unknown. In this study, we performed an acute spinal cord injury (SCI) model in adult rats, we found that EAPP protein levels were significantly increased and reached a peak at day 3, and then gradually returned to normal level at day 14 after spinal cord injury and we observed that the expression of EAPP is enhanced in the gray and white matter. Spatially, increased levels of EAPP were striking in neurons and astrocytes. Moreover, colocalization of EAPP/active caspase-3 was detected in neurons, and colocalization of EAPP/proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was detected in astrocytes after spinal cord injury. These results indicated that EAPP might play an important role in neuronal apoptosis and reactive astrogliosis. Furthermore in vitro, EAPP depletion by siRNA inhibited astrocyte proliferation, migration and CDK4/cyclinD1 expression. Meanwhile, EAPP knockdown also reduce neuronal apoptosis and cell cycle related proteins. Which indicated that EAPP might integrate cell cycle progression and play a crucial role in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Taken together, we speculated that EAPP was involved in biochemical and physiological responses after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingjie Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xishan People' Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yonghua Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jianhua Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xingxing Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xinlei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Youhua Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
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40
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Gu J, Ni Y, Xu L, Xu H, Cai Z. Nanog interact with CDK6 to regulates astrocyte cells proliferation following spinal cord injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:1097-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Diaz Quiroz JF, Li Y, Aparicio C, Echeverri K. Development of a 3D matrix for modeling mammalian spinal cord injury in vitro. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1810-1815. [PMID: 28123426 PMCID: PMC5204238 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.194751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury affects millions of people around the world, however, limited therapies are available to improve the quality of life of these patients. Spinal cord injury is usually modeled in rats and mice using contusion or complete transection models and this has led to a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular complexities of the injury. However, it has not to date led to development of successful novel therapies, this is in part due to the complexity of the injury and the difficulty of deciphering the exact roles and interactions of different cells within this complex environment. Here we developed a collagen matrix that can be molded into the 3D tubular shape with a lumen and can hence support cell interactions in a similar architecture to a spinal cord. We show that astrocytes can be successfully grown on this matrix in vitro and when injured, the cells respond as they do in vivo and undergo reactive gliosis, one of the steps that lead to formation of a glial scar, the main barrier to spinal cord regeneration. In the future, this system can be used to quickly assess the effect of drugs on glial scar protein activity or to perform live imaging of labeled cells after exposure to drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Felipe Diaz Quiroz
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Current address: Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Yuping Li
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karen Echeverri
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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42
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Ye L, Yang Y, Zhang X, Cai P, Li R, Chen D, Wei X, Zhang X, Xu H, Xiao J, Li X, Lin L, Zhang H. The Role of bFGF in the Excessive Activation of Astrocytes Is Related to the Inhibition of TLR4/NFκB Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010037. [PMID: 26729092 PMCID: PMC4730282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes have critical roles in immune defense, homeostasis, metabolism, and synaptic remodeling and function in the central nervous system (CNS); however, excessive activation of astrocytes with increased intermediate filaments following neuronal trauma, infection, ischemia, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases results in a pro-inflammatory environment and promotes neuronal death. As an important neurotrophic factor, the secretion of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) contributes to the protective effect of neuronal cells, but the mechanism of bFGF in reactive astrogliosis is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous bFGF attenuated astrocyte activation by reducing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and other markers, including neurocan and vimentin, but not nestin and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), via the regulation of the upstream toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB (TLR4/NFκB) signaling pathway. Our study suggests that the function of bFGF is not only related to the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effect but also involved in the inhibition of excessive astrogliosis and glial scarring after neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Pingtao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Daqing Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China.
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China.
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Liu Y, Wan Y, Fang Y, Yao E, Xu S, Ning Q, Zhang G, Wang W, Huang X, Xie M. Epoxyeicosanoid Signaling Provides Multi-target Protective Effects on Neurovascular Unit in Rats After Focal Ischemia. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:254-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0670-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Pace M, Baracchi F, Gao B, Bassetti C. Identification of Sleep-Modulated Pathways Involved in Neuroprotection from Stroke. Sleep 2015; 38:1707-18. [PMID: 26085290 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation (SDp) performed before stroke induces an ischemic tolerance state as observed in other forms of preconditioning. As the mechanisms underlying this effect are not well understood, we used DNA oligonucleotide microarray analysis to identify the genes and the gene-pathways underlying SDp preconditioning effects. DESIGN Gene expression was analyzed 3 days after stroke in 4 experimental groups: (i) SDp performed before focal cerebral ischemia (IS) induction; (ii) SDp performed before sham surgery; (iii) IS without SDp; and (iv) sham surgery without SDp. SDp was performed by gentle handling during the last 6 h of the light period, and ischemia was induced immediately after. SETTINGS Basic sleep research laboratory. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Stroke induced a massive alteration in gene expression both in sleep deprived and non-sleep deprived animals. However, compared to animals that underwent ischemia alone, SDp induced a general reduction in transcriptional changes with a reduction in the upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle regulation and immune response. Moreover, an upregulation of a new neuroendocrine pathway which included melanin concentrating hormone, glycoprotein hormones-α-polypeptide and hypocretin was observed exclusively in rats sleep deprived before stroke. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that sleep deprivation before stroke reprogrammed the signaling response to injury. The inhibition of cell cycle regulation and inflammation are neuroprotective mechanisms reported also for other forms of preconditioning treatment, whereas the implication of the neuroendocrine function is novel and has never been described before. These results therefore provide new insights into neuroprotective mechanisms involved in ischemic tolerance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pace
- ZEN - Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Baracchi
- ZEN - Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bo Gao
- ZEN - Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Bassetti
- ZEN - Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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45
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Lv Y, Zhang B, Zhai C, Qiu J, Zhang Y, Yao W, Zhang C. PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis is involved in reactive astrocyte proliferation after oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion and is regulated by Cdh1. Neurochem Int 2015; 91:26-33. [PMID: 26498254 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive astrocyte proliferation is involved in many central degenerative diseases. The enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase isoform 3 (PFKFB3), an allosteric activator of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK1), controls glycolytic flux. Furthermore, APC/C-Cdh1 plays a crucial role in brain metabolism by regulating PFKFB3 expression. Previous studies have defined the roles of PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis in pathological angiogenesis, cell autophagy, and amyloid plaque deposition in proliferating cells. However, the role of PFKFB3 in reactive astrocyte proliferation after cerebral ischemia is unknown. In this study, we cultured rat primary cortical astrocytes and established an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model to mimic cerebral ischemia in vivo. Astrocyte proliferation was measured by western blotting for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and by EdU incorporation. We found that OGD/R up-regulated PFKFB3 and PFK1 expression, which was accompanied by reactive astrocyte proliferation. Knockdown of PFKFB3 by siRNA transfection significantly inhibited reactive astrocyte proliferation and lactate release, an indicator of glycolysis. We found that PFKFB3 and PFK1 expression were down-regulated and lactate release was decreased when OGD/R-induced astrocyte proliferation was inhibited by a Cdh1-expressing lentivirus. Thus, reactive astrocyte proliferation can be effectively suppressed by down-regulation of PFKFB3 through control of glycolytic flux, which is downstream of APC/C-Cdh1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyou Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chunchun Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenlong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chuanhan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Sang A, Yang X, Chen H, Qin B, Zhu M, Dai M, Zhu R, Liu X. Upregulation of SYF2 Relates to Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis and Retinal Glia Cell Proliferation After Light-Induced Retinal Damage. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:480-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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47
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Fu P, Tang R, Yu Z, Huang S, Xie M, Luo X, Wang W. Bumetanide-induced NKCC1 inhibition attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced decrease in proliferative activity and cell cycle progression arrest in cultured OPCs via p-38 MAPKs. Brain Res 2015; 1613:110-9. [PMID: 25881895 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Na-K-Cl co-transporter 1 (NKCC1; a member of the cation-chloride co-transporter family) mediates the coupled movement of Na(+) and/or K(+) with Cl(-) across the plasma membrane of cells (Haas and Forbush, 2000, Annu. Rev. Physiol., 62, 515-534; Russell, 2000, Physiol. Rev., 80, 211-276). Although it acts as an important regulator of cell volume, secretion, and modulator of cell apoptosis and proliferation (Chen et al., 2005, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab., 25, 54-66; Kahle et al., 2008, Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol., 4, 490-503; Kidokoro et al., 2014, Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol., 306, F1155-F1160; Wang et al., 2011, Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 28, 703-714), NKCC1׳s effects on oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have not been characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and to what extent inhibition of NKCC1 alters oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell cycle progression. In the present study, we demonstrated that inhibition of NKCC1 with bumetanide attenuates the decrease in OGD-induced DNA synthesis in cultured OPCs. Western blots showed that NKCC1 inhibition led to an increased expression of cyclin D1, CDK 4, and cyclin E in OGD-treated cells. Furthermore, our results showed bumetanide attenuated the decrease in OGD-induced proliferation and arrest of cell cycle progression via the P-38 MAPK signaling cascade. Thus, NKCC1 plays important roles in the proliferation of OPCs under OGD-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peicai Fu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Ronghua Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Minjie Xie
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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48
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Li CY, Li X, Liu SF, Qu WS, Wang W, Tian DS. Inhibition of mTOR pathway restrains astrocyte proliferation, migration and production of inflammatory mediators after oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation. Neurochem Int 2015; 83-84:9-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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49
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Pascoe MC, Howells DW, Crewther DP, Carey LM, Crewther SG. Fish oil supplementation associated with decreased cellular degeneration and increased cellular proliferation 6 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:153-64. [PMID: 25609971 PMCID: PMC4298295 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s72925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-LC-PUFAs) are both neuroprotective and have antidepressive effects. However the influence of dietary supplemented n-3-LC-PUFAs on inflammation-related cell death and proliferation after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo)-induced stroke is unknown. We have previously demonstrated that anxiety-like and hyperactive locomotor behaviors are reduced in n-3-LC-PUFA-fed MCAo animals. Thus in the present study, male hooded Wistar rats were exposed to MCAo or sham surgeries and examined behaviorally 6 weeks later, prior to euthanasia and examination of lesion size, cell death and proliferation in the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis region of the hippocampus of the ipsilesional hemispheres, and the thalamus of the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres. Markers of cell genesis and cell degeneration in the hippocampus or thalamus of the ipsilesional hemisphere did not differ between surgery and diet groups 6 weeks post MCAo. Dietary supplementation with n-3-LC-PUFA decreased cell degeneration and increased cell proliferation in the thalamic region of the contralesional hemisphere. MCAo-associated cell degeneration in the hippocampus and thalamus positively correlated with anxiety-like and hyperactive locomotor behaviors previously reported in these animals. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory n-3-LC-PUFA supplementation appears to have cellular protective effects after MCAo in the rat, which may affect behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David W Howells
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Leeanne M Carey
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia ; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health La Trobe University, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheila G Crewther
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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50
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Signaling molecules regulating phenotypic conversions of astrocytes and glial scar formation in damaged nerve tissues. Neurochem Int 2014; 78:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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