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DeRosa J, Friedman NP, Calhoun V, Banich MT. Neurodevelopmental Subtypes of Functional Brain Organization in the ABCD Study Using a Rigorous Analytic Framework. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.16.585343. [PMID: 38559171 PMCID: PMC10979961 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.16.585343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The current study demonstrates that an individual's resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is a dependable biomarker for identifying differential patterns of cognitive and emotional functioning during late childhood. Using baseline RSFC data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, which includes children aged 9-11, we identified four distinct RSFC subtypes We introduce an integrated methodological pipeline for testing the reliability and importance of these subtypes. In the Identification phase, Leiden Community Detection defined RSFC subtypes, with their reproducibility confirmed through a split-sample technique in the Validation stage. The Evaluation phase showed that distinct cognitive and mental health profiles are associated with each subtype, with the Predictive phase indicating that subtypes better predict various cognitive and mental health characteristics than individual RSFC connections. The Replication stage employed bootstrapping and down-sampling methods to substantiate the reproducibility of these subtypes further. This work allows future explorations of developmental trajectories of these RSFC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob DeRosa
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Naomi P. Friedman
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University
| | - Marie T. Banich
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder
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Voineskos AN, Hawco C, Neufeld NH, Turner JA, Ameis SH, Anticevic A, Buchanan RW, Cadenhead K, Dazzan P, Dickie EW, Gallucci J, Lahti AC, Malhotra AK, Öngür D, Lencz T, Sarpal DK, Oliver LD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenia: current evidence, methodological advances, limitations and future directions. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:26-51. [PMID: 38214624 PMCID: PMC10786022 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging emerged with great promise and has provided fundamental insights into the neurobiology of schizophrenia. However, it has faced challenges and criticisms, most notably a lack of clinical translation. This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical summary of the literature on functional neuroimaging, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in schizophrenia. We begin by reviewing research on fMRI biomarkers in schizophrenia and the clinical high risk phase through a historical lens, moving from case-control regional brain activation to global connectivity and advanced analytical approaches, and more recent machine learning algorithms to identify predictive neuroimaging features. Findings from fMRI studies of negative symptoms as well as of neurocognitive and social cognitive deficits are then reviewed. Functional neural markers of these symptoms and deficits may represent promising treatment targets in schizophrenia. Next, we summarize fMRI research related to antipsychotic medication, psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions, and neurostimulation, including treatment response and resistance, therapeutic mechanisms, and treatment targeting. We also review the utility of fMRI and data-driven approaches to dissect the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, moving beyond case-control comparisons, as well as methodological considerations and advances, including consortia and precision fMRI. Lastly, limitations and future directions of research in the field are discussed. Our comprehensive review suggests that, in order for fMRI to be clinically useful in the care of patients with schizophrenia, research should address potentially actionable clinical decisions that are routine in schizophrenia treatment, such as which antipsychotic should be prescribed or whether a given patient is likely to have persistent functional impairment. The potential clinical utility of fMRI is influenced by and must be weighed against cost and accessibility factors. Future evaluations of the utility of fMRI in prognostic and treatment response studies may consider including a health economics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Neufeld
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression and McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert W Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erin W Dickie
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Gallucci
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anil K Malhotra
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Dost Öngür
- McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Institute for Behavioral Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Deepak K Sarpal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindsay D Oliver
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute and Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Pollak C, Kügler D, Breteler MMB, Reuter M. Quantifying MR Head Motion in the Rhineland Study - A Robust Method for Population Cohorts. Neuroimage 2023; 275:120176. [PMID: 37209757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Head motion during MR acquisition reduces image quality and has been shown to bias neuromorphometric analysis. The quantification of head motion, therefore, has both neuroscientific as well as clinical applications, for example, to control for motion in statistical analyses of brain morphology, or as a variable of interest in neurological studies. The accuracy of markerless optical head tracking, however, is largely unexplored. Furthermore, no quantitative analysis of head motion in a general, mostly healthy population cohort exists thus far. In this work, we present a robust registration method for the alignment of depth camera data that sensitively estimates even small head movements of compliant participants. Our method outperforms the vendor-supplied method in three validation experiments: 1. similarity to fMRI motion traces as a low-frequency reference, 2. recovery of the independently acquired breathing signal as a high-frequency reference, and 3. correlation with image-based quality metrics in structural T1-weighted MRI. In addition to the core algorithm, we establish an analysis pipeline that computes average motion scores per time interval or per sequence for inclusion in downstream analyses. We apply the pipeline in the Rhineland Study, a large population cohort study, where we replicate age and body mass index (BMI) as motion correlates and show that head motion significantly increases over the duration of the scan session. We observe weak, yet significant interactions between this within-session increase and age, BMI, and sex. High correlations between fMRI and camera-based motion scores of proceeding sequences further suggest that fMRI motion estimates can be used as a surrogate score in the absence of better measures to control for motion in statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Pollak
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Kügler
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Reuter
- AI in Medical Imaging, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nakua H, Hawco C, Forde NJ, Joseph M, Grillet M, Johnson D, Jacobs GR, Hill S, Voineskos A, Wheeler AL, Lai MC, Szatmari P, Georgiades S, Nicolson R, Schachar R, Crosbie J, Anagnostou E, Lerch JP, Arnold PD, Ameis SH. Systematic comparisons of different quality control approaches applied to three large pediatric neuroimaging datasets. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120119. [PMID: 37068719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor quality T1-weighted brain scans systematically affect the calculation of brain measures. Removing the influence of such scans requires identifying and excluding scans with noise and artefacts through a quality control (QC) procedure. While QC is critical for brain imaging analyses, it is not yet clear whether different QC approaches lead to the exclusion of the same participants. Further, the removal of poor-quality scans may unintentionally introduce a sampling bias by excluding the subset of participants who are younger and/or feature greater clinical impairment. This study had two aims: 1) examine whether different QC approaches applied to T1-weighted scans would exclude the same participants, and 2) examine how exclusion of poor-quality scans impacts specific demographic, clinical and brain measure characteristics between excluded and included participants in three large pediatric neuroimaging samples. METHODS We used T1-weighted, resting-state fMRI, demographic and clinical data from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders network (Aim 1: n=553, Aim 2: n=465), the Healthy Brain Network (Aim 1: n=1051, Aim 2: n=558), and the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (Aim 1: n=1087; Aim 2: n=619). Four different QC approaches were applied to T1-weighted MRI (visual QC, metric QC, automated QC, fMRI-derived QC). We used tetrachoric correlation and inter-rater reliability analyses to examine whether different QC approaches excluded the same participants. We examined differences in age, mental health symptoms, everyday/adaptive functioning, IQ and structural MRI-derived brain indices between participants that were included versus excluded following each QC approach. RESULTS Dataset-specific findings revealed mixed results with respect to overlap of QC exclusion. However, in POND and HBN, we found a moderate level of overlap between visual and automated QC approaches (rtet=0.52-0.59). Implementation of QC excluded younger participants, and tended to exclude those with lower IQ, and lower everyday/adaptive functioning scores across several approaches in a dataset-specific manner. Across nearly all datasets and QC approaches examined, excluded participants had lower estimates of cortical thickness and subcortical volume, but this effect did not differ by QC approach. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide insight into the influence of QC decisions on structural pediatric imaging analyses. While different QC approaches exclude different subsets of participants, the variation of influence of different QC approaches on clinical and brain metrics is minimal in large datasets. Overall, implementation of QC tends to exclude participants who are younger, and those who have more cognitive and functional impairment. Given that automated QC is standardized and can reduce between-study differences, the results of this study support the potential to use automated QC for large pediatric neuroimaging datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Nakua
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Colin Hawco
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie J Forde
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Joseph
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maud Grillet
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Delaney Johnson
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace R Jacobs
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sean Hill
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aristotle Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne L Wheeler
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Genetics & Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Tabassi Mofrad F, Schiller NO. Connectivity Profile of Middle Inferior Parietal Cortex Confirms the Hypothesis About Modulating Cortical Areas. Neuroscience 2023; 519:1-9. [PMID: 36931424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
According to the correlated transmitter-receptor based structure of the inferior parietal cortex (IPC), this brain area is divided into three clusters, namely, the caudal, the middle and the rostral. Nevertheless, in associating different cognitive functions to the IPC, previous studies considered this part of the cortex as a whole and thus inconsistent results have been reported. Using multiband EPI, we investigated the connectivity profile of the middle IPC while forty-five participants performed a task requiring cognitive control. The middle IPC demonstrated functional associations which do not have similarities to a contributing part in the frontoparietal network, in processing cognitive control. At the same time, this cortical area showed negative functional connectivity with both the precuneus cortex, which is resting- state related, and brain areas related to general cognitive functions. That is, the functions of the middle IPC are not accommodated by the traditional categorization of different brain areas i.e. resting state-related or task-related networks and this advanced our hypothesis about modulating cortical areas. Such brain areas are characterized by their negative functional connectivity with parts of the cortex involved in task performance, proportional to the difficulty of the task; yet, their functional associations are inconsistent with the resting state-related cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tabassi Mofrad
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Niels O Schiller
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Dąbkowska-Mika A, Steiger R, Gander M, Haid-Stecher N, Fuchs M, Sevecke K, Gizewski ER. Evaluation of visual food stimuli paradigms on healthy adolescents for future use in fMRI studies in anorexia nervosa. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:35. [PMID: 36879292 PMCID: PMC9987124 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mostly, visual food stimuli paradigms for functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging are used in studies of eating disorders. However, the optimal contrasts and presentation modes are still under discussion. Therefore, we aimed to create and analyse a visual stimulation paradigm with defined contrast. METHODS In this prospective study, a block-design fMRI paradigm with conditions of randomly altering blocks of high- and low-calorie food images and images of fixation cross was established. Food pictures were rated in advance by a group of patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa to address the dedicated perception of patients with eating disorders. To optimize the scanning procedure and fMRI contrasts we have analysed neural activity differences between high-calorie stimuli versus baseline (H vs. X), low-calorie stimuli versus baseline (L vs. X) and high- versus low-calorie stimuli (H vs. L). RESULTS By employing the developed paradigm, we were able to obtain results comparable to other studies and analysed them with different contrasts. Implementation of the contrast H versus X led to increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal (BOLD) mainly in unspecific areas, such as the visual cortex, the Broca´s area, bilaterally in the premotor cortex and the supplementary motor area, but also in thalami, insulae, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the left amygdala, the left putamen (p < .05). When applying the contrast L versus X, an enhancement of the BOLD signal was detected similarly within the visual area, the right temporal pole, the right precentral gyrus, Broca´s area, left insula, left hippocampus, the left parahippocampal gyrus, bilaterally premotor cortex and thalami (p < .05). Comparison of brain reactions regarding visual stimuli (high- versus low-calorie food), assumed to be more relevant in eating disorders, resulted in bilateral enhancement of the BOLD signal in primary, secondary and associative visual cortex (including fusiform gyri), as well as angular gyri (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS A carefully designed paradigm, based on the subject's characteristics, can increase the reliability of the fMRI study, and may reveal specific brain activations elicited by this custom-built stimuli. However, a putative disadvantage of implementing the contrast of high- versus low-calorie stimuli might be the omission of some interesting outcomes due to lower statistical power. Trial registration NCT02980120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dąbkowska-Mika
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruth Steiger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Manuela Gander
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Tirol Kliniken, Milserstrasse 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Nina Haid-Stecher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Tirol Kliniken, Milserstrasse 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Martin Fuchs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Tirol Kliniken, Milserstrasse 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Kathrin Sevecke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Tirol Kliniken, Milserstrasse 10, 6060, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Elke Ruth Gizewski
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Irrelevant Threats Linger and Affect Behavior in High Anxiety. J Neurosci 2023; 43:656-671. [PMID: 36526373 PMCID: PMC9888506 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1186-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Threat-related information attracts attention and disrupts ongoing behavior, and particularly so for more anxious individuals. Yet, it is unknown how and to what extent threat-related information leave lingering influences on behavior (e.g., by impeding ongoing learning processes). Here, human male and female participants (N = 47) performed probabilistic reinforcement learning tasks where irrelevant distracting faces (neutral, happy, or fearful) were presented together with relevant monetary feedback. Behavioral modeling was combined with fMRI data (N = 27) to explore the neurocomputational bases of learning relevant and irrelevant information. In two separate studies, individuals with high trait anxiety showed increased avoidance of objects previously paired with the combination of neutral monetary feedback and fearful faces (but not neutral or happy faces). Behavioral modeling revealed that high anxiety increased the integration of fearful faces during feedback learning, and fMRI results (regarded as provisional, because of a relatively small sample size) further showed that variance in the prediction error signal, uniquely accounted for by fearful faces, correlated more strongly with activity in the right DLPFC for more anxious individuals. Behavioral and neuronal dissociations indicated that the threat-related distractors did not simply disrupt learning processes. By showing that irrelevant threats exert long-lasting influences on behavior, our results extend previous research that separately showed that anxiety increases learning from aversive feedbacks and distractibility by threat-related information. Our behavioral results, combined with the proposed neurocomputational mechanism, may help explain how increased exposure to irrelevant affective information contributes to the acquisition of maladaptive behaviors in more anxious individuals.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In modern-day society, people are increasingly exposed to various types of irrelevant information (e.g., intruding social media announcements). Yet, the neurocomputational mechanisms influenced by irrelevant information during learning, and their interactions with increasingly distracted personality types are largely unknown. Using a reinforcement learning task, where relevant feedback is presented together with irrelevant distractors (emotional faces), we reveal an interaction between irrelevant threat-related information (fearful faces) and interindividual anxiety levels. fMRI shows provisional evidence for an interaction between anxiety levels and the coupling between activity in the DLPFC and learning signals specifically elicited by fearful faces. Our study reveals how irrelevant threat-related information may become entrenched in the anxious psyche and contribute to long-lasting abnormal behaviors.
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Oliveira-Saraiva D, Ferreira HA. Normative model detects abnormal functional connectivity in psychiatric disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1068397. [PMID: 36873218 PMCID: PMC9975396 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1068397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diagnosis of psychiatric disorders is mostly based on the clinical evaluation of the patient's signs and symptoms. Deep learning binary-based classification models have been developed to improve the diagnosis but have not yet reached clinical practice, in part due to the heterogeneity of such disorders. Here, we propose a normative model based on autoencoders. METHODS We trained our autoencoder on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from healthy controls. The model was then tested on schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients to estimate how each patient deviated from the norm and associate it with abnormal functional brain networks' (FBNs) connectivity. Rs-fMRI data processing was conducted within the FMRIB Software Library (FSL), which included independent component analysis and dual regression. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the extracted blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) time series of all FBNs were calculated, and a correlation matrix was generated for each subject. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We found that the functional connectivity related to the basal ganglia network seems to play an important role in the neuropathology of BD and SCZ, whereas in ADHD, its role is less evident. Moreover, the abnormal connectivity between the basal ganglia network and the language network is more specific to BD. The connectivity between the higher visual network and the right executive control and the connectivity between the anterior salience network and the precuneus networks are the most relevant in SCZ and ADHD, respectively. The results demonstrate that the proposed model could identify functional connectivity patterns that characterize different psychiatric disorders, in agreement with the literature. The abnormal connectivity patterns from the two independent SCZ groups of patients were similar, demonstrating that the presented normative model was also generalizable. However, the group-level differences did not withstand individual-level analysis implying that psychiatric disorders are highly heterogeneous. These findings suggest that a precision-based medical approach, focusing on each patient's specific functional network changes may be more beneficial than the traditional group-based diagnostic classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte Oliveira-Saraiva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Alexandre Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Soares JF, Abreu R, Lima AC, Sousa L, Batista S, Castelo-Branco M, Duarte JV. Task-based functional MRI challenges in clinical neuroscience: Choice of the best head motion correction approach in multiple sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1017211. [PMID: 36570849 PMCID: PMC9768441 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1017211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Functional MRI (fMRI) is commonly used for understanding brain organization and connectivity abnormalities in neurological conditions, and in particular in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, head motion degrades fMRI data quality and influences all image-derived metrics. Persistent controversies regarding the best correction strategy motivates a systematic comparison, including methods such as scrubbing and volume interpolation, to find optimal correction models, particularly in studies with clinical populations prone to characterize by high motion. Moreover, strategies for correction of motion effects gain more relevance in task-based designs, which are less explored compared to resting-state, have usually lower sample sizes, and may have a crucial role in describing the functioning of the brain and highlighting specific connectivity changes. Methods We acquired fMRI data from 17 early MS patients and 14 matched healthy controls (HC) during performance of a visual task, characterized motion in both groups, and quantitatively compared the most used and easy to implement methods for correction of motion effects. We compared task-activation metrics obtained from: (i) models containing 6 or 24 motion parameters (MPs) as nuisance regressors; (ii) models containing nuisance regressors for 6 or 24 MPs and motion outliers (scrubbing) detected with Framewise Displacement or Derivative or root mean square VARiance over voxelS; and (iii) models with 6 or 24 MPs and motion outliers corrected through volume interpolation. To our knowledge, volume interpolation has not been systematically compared with scrubbing, nor investigated in task fMRI clinical studies in MS. Results No differences in motion were found between groups, suggesting that recently diagnosed MS patients may not present problematic motion. In general, models with 6 MPs perform better than models with 24 MPs, suggesting the 6 MPs as the best trade-off between correction of motion effects and preservation of valuable information. Parsimonious models with 6 MPs and volume interpolation were the best combination for correcting motion in both groups, surpassing the scrubbing methods. A joint analysis regardless of the group further highlighted the value of volume interpolation. Discussion Volume interpolation of motion outliers is an easy to implement technique, which may be an alternative to other methods and may improve the accuracy of fMRI analyses, crucially in clinical studies in MS and other neurological populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia F. Soares
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodolfo Abreu
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Lima
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lívia Sousa
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Batista
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Valente Duarte
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,*Correspondence: João Valente Duarte,
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10
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Hausman HK, Hardcastle C, Kraft JN, Evangelista ND, Boutzoukas EM, O’Shea A, Albizu A, Langer K, Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Song H, Smith SG, Porges E, Hishaw GA, Wu S, DeKosky S, Alexander GE, Marsiske M, Cohen R, Woods AJ. The association between head motion during functional magnetic resonance imaging and executive functioning in older adults. NEUROIMAGE. REPORTS 2022; 2:100085. [PMID: 37377763 PMCID: PMC10299743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing head motion during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is important for maintaining the integrity of neuroimaging data. While there are a variety of techniques to control for head motion, oftentimes, individuals with excessive in-scanner motion are removed from analyses. Movement in the scanner tends to increase with age; however, the cognitive profile of these "high-movers" in older adults has yet to be explored. This study aimed to assess the association between in-scanner head motion (i.e., number of "invalid scans" flagged as motion outliers) and cognitive functioning (e.g., executive functioning, processing speed, and verbal memory performance) in a sample of 282 healthy older adults. Spearman's Rank-Order correlations showed that a higher number of invalid scans was significantly associated with poorer performance on tasks of inhibition and cognitive flexibility and with older age. Since performance in these domains tend to decline as a part of the non-pathological aging process, these findings raise concerns regarding the potential systematic exclusion due to motion of older adults with lower executive functioning in neuroimaging samples. Future research should continue to explore prospective motion correction techniques to better ensure the collection of quality neuroimaging data without excluding informative participants from the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K. Hausman
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cheshire Hardcastle
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jessica N. Kraft
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicole D. Evangelista
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emanuel M. Boutzoukas
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew O’Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alejandro Albizu
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kailey Langer
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily J. Van Etten
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Pradyumna K. Bharadwaj
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hyun Song
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samantha G. Smith
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Eric Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Georg A. Hishaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Samuel Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven DeKosky
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J. Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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11
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Wilferth T, Müller M, Gast LV, Ruck L, Meyerspeer M, Lopez Kolkovsky AL, Uder M, Dörfler A, Nagel AM. Motion‐corrected
23
Na MRI
of the human brain using interleaved
1
H 3D
navigator images. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:309-321. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wilferth
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Max Müller
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Lena V. Gast
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Laurent Ruck
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- High‐Field MR Center, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Alfredo L. Lopez Kolkovsky
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center Institute of Myology Paris France
- NMR Laboratory CEA/DRF/IBFJ/Molecular Imaging Research Center Paris France
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Institute of Radiology University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU) Erlangen Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
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12
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Román CAF, DeLuca J, Yao B, Genova HM, Wylie GR. Signal Detection Theory as a Novel Tool to Understand Cognitive Fatigue in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:828566. [PMID: 35368296 PMCID: PMC8966482 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.828566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) affects 2.8 million persons worldwide. One of the most persistent, pervasive, and debilitating symptoms of MS is cognitive fatigue. While this has been known for over a century, cognitive fatigue has been difficult to study because patients' subjective (self-reported) cognitive fatigue has consistently failed to correlate with more objective measures, such as reaction time (RT) and accuracy. Here, we investigated whether more nuanced metrics of performance, specifically the metrics of Signal Detection Theory (SDT), would show a relationship to cognitive fatigue even if RT and accuracy did not. We also measured brain activation to see whether SDT metrics were related to activation in brain areas that have been shown to be sensitive to cognitive fatigue. Fifty participants (30 MS, 20 controls) took part in this study and cognitive fatigue was induced using four blocks of a demanding working memory paradigm. Participants reported their fatigue before and after each block, and their performance was used to calculate SDT metrics (Perceptual Certainty and Criterion) and RT and accuracy. The results showed that the SDT metric of Criterion (i.e., response bias) was positively correlated with subjective cognitive fatigue. Moreover, the activation in brain areas previously shown to be related to cognitive fatigue, such as the striatum, was also related to Criterion. These results suggest that the metrics of SDT may represent a novel tool with which to study cognitive fatigue in MS and other neurological populations. These results hold promise for characterizing cognitive fatigue in MS and developing effective interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A. F. Román
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - John DeLuca
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Neurology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Bing Yao
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Helen M. Genova
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Glenn R. Wylie
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, The War Related Illness and Injury Center, New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, NJ, United States
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13
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Kaur H, Chaudhary S, Mohanty S, Sharma G, Kumaran SS, Ghati N, Bhatia R, Nehra A, Pandey RM. Comparing cognition, coping skills and vedic personality of individuals practicing yoga, physical exercise or sedentary lifestyle: a cross-sectional fMRI study. Integr Med Res 2022; 11:100750. [PMID: 34194974 PMCID: PMC8237306 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2021.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature and intensity of physical activity may influence cognition, coping mechanisms and overall personality of an individual. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare cognition, coping styles and vedic personality among individuals practicing different lifestyle. METHODS Thirty-nine healthy young adults of both gender (27.63±4.04 years) were recruited and categorized into three groups; i.e. yoga, physical activity or sedentary lifestyle groups. Participants were assessed on cognition, coping styles and Vedic personality inventory (VPI). Verbal-n-back and Stroop tasks were performed using 3 Tesla MRI scanner. Task Based Connectivity (TBC) analysis was done using CONN toolbox in SPM. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the cognitive domains across the groups. The planning (p=0.03) and acceptance domain (p=0.03) of the Brief COPE scale showed difference across the groups. Post-hoc analysis revealed that planning and acceptance scores were distinctly higher in the physical activity group, however, there was no difference between physical activity group and yoga practitioners. Similarly, in the VPI, Sattva (p=0.003), Rajas (p=0.05) and Tamas (p=0.01) were different across the groups, and the post hoc analysis showed superiority in Sattva scores in Yoga group, meanwhile, both Rajas and Tamas were higher in the physical activity group. Yoga practitioners preferentially recruited left Superior Frontal Gyrus in relation to the physically active group and precuneus in relation to the sedentary lifestyle group. CONCLUSION The study revealed that yoga practitioners had a distinct higher sattva guna and preferentially recruited brain areas associated with self-regulation and inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsimarpreet Kaur
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of NMR & MRI facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sriloy Mohanty
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - Gautam Sharma
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India
| | - S Senthil Kumaran
- Department of NMR & MRI facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirmal Ghati
- Department of Cardiology, Jai Prakash Narayan Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Nehra
- Clinical Neuropsychology, Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - RM Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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14
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Beaumont J, Gambarota G, Prior M, Fripp J, Reid LB. Avoiding data loss: Synthetic MRIs generated from diffusion imaging can replace corrupted structural acquisitions for freesurfer-seeded tractography. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0247343. [PMID: 35180211 PMCID: PMC8856573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) motion artefacts frequently complicate structural and diffusion MRI analyses. While diffusion imaging is easily ‘scrubbed’ of motion affected volumes, the same is not true for T1w or T2w ‘structural’ images. Structural images are critical to most diffusion-imaging pipelines thus their corruption can lead to disproportionate data loss. To enable diffusion-image processing when structural images are missing or have been corrupted, we propose a means by which synthetic structural images can be generated from diffusion MRI. This technique combines multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution, which is central to many existing diffusion analyses, with the Bloch equations that allow simulation of MRI intensities for given scanner parameters and magnetic resonance (MR) tissue properties. We applied this technique to 32 scans, including those acquired on different scanners, with different protocols and with pathology present. The resulting synthetic T1w and T2w images were visually convincing and exhibited similar tissue contrast to acquired structural images. These were also of sufficient quality to drive a Freesurfer-based tractographic analysis. In this analysis, probabilistic tractography connecting the thalamus to the primary sensorimotor cortex was delineated with Freesurfer, using either real or synthetic structural images. Tractography for real and synthetic conditions was largely identical in terms of both voxels encountered (Dice 0.88–0.95) and mean fractional anisotropy (intrasubject absolute difference 0.00–0.02). We provide executables for the proposed technique in the hope that these may aid the community in analysing datasets where structural image corruption is common, such as studies of children or cognitively impaired persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Beaumont
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Queensland, Australia
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, LTSI-UMR1099, Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Marita Prior
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lee B. Reid
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Bruijel J, Quaedflieg CWEM, Otto T, van de Ven V, Stapert SZ, van Heugten C, Vermeeren A. Task-induced subjective fatigue and resting-state striatal connectivity following traumatic brain injury. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102936. [PMID: 35007852 PMCID: PMC8749448 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fatigue is a very frequent and disabling symptom in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Effects of task-induced fatigue on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Striatal rsFC relates differently to subjective fatigue in TBI compared to controls. Default mode network rsFC relates similar to subjective fatigue in TBI and controls.
Background People with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often experience fatigue, but an understanding of the neural underpinnings of fatigue following TBI is still lacking. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine associations between functional connectivity (FC) changes and task-induced changes in subjective fatigue in people with moderate-severe TBI. Methods Sixteen people with moderate-severe TBI and 17 matched healthy controls (HC) performed an adaptive N-back task (working memory task) to induce cognitive fatigue. Before and after the task they rated their state fatigue level and underwent rs-fMRI. Seed-to-voxel analyses with seeds in areas involved in cognitive fatigue, namely the striatum and default mode network (DMN) including, medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex, were performed. Results The adaptive N-back task was effective in inducing fatigue in both groups. Subjective task-induced fatigue was positively associated with FC between striatum and precuneus in people with TBI, while there was a negative association in HC. In contrast, subjective task-induced fatigue was negatively associated with FC between striatum and cerebellum in the TBI group, while there was no association in HC. Similar associations between task-induced subjective fatigue and DMN FC were found across the groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that the subjective experience of fatigue was linked to DMN connectivity in both groups and was differently associated with striatal connectivity in people with moderate-severe TBI compared to HC. Defining fatigue-induced neuronal network changes is pertinent to the development of treatments that target abnormal neuronal activity after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bruijel
- Dept of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Limburg, the Netherlands.
| | - C W E M Quaedflieg
- Dept of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - T Otto
- Dept of Work and Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - V van de Ven
- Dept of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S Z Stapert
- Dept of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Limburg, the Netherlands; Dept of Medical Psychology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands
| | - C van Heugten
- Dept of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Centre, Limburg, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - A Vermeeren
- Dept of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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16
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Zeuner KE, Knutzen A, Granert O, Trampenau L, Baumann A, Wolff S, Jansen O, van Eimeren T, Kuhtz-Buschbeck JP. Never too little: Grip and lift forces following probabilistic weight cues in patients with writer's cramp. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2937-2947. [PMID: 34715418 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Planning of voluntary object-related movements requires the estimation of the most probable object properties. We investigated how 14 writer's cramp (WC) patients compared to 14 controls use probabilistic weight cues in a serial grip-lift task. METHODS In every grip-lift trial, an object of either light, medium or heavy weight had to be grasped and lifted after a visual cue gave a probabilistic prediction of the object weights (e.g. 32.5% light, 67.5% medium, 0 % heavy). We determined peak (1) grip force GF, (2) load force LF, (3) grip force rate GFR, (4) load force rate LFR, while we registered brain activity with functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS In both groups, GFR, LFR and GF increased when a higher probability of heavy weights was announced. When a higher probability of light weights was indicated, controls reduced GFR, LFR and GF, while WC patients did not downscale their forces. There were no inter-group differences in blood oxygenation level dependent activation. CONCLUSIONS WC patients could not utilize the decision range in motor planning and adjust their force in a probabilistic cued fine motor task. SIGNIFICANCE The results support the pathophysiological model of a hyperfunctional dopamine dependent direct basal ganglia pathway in WC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arne Knutzen
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stephan Wolff
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Kiel University, Germany
| | - Olav Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, Kiel University, Germany
| | - Thilo van Eimeren
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Germany
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17
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Thomson P, Johnson KA, Malpas CB, Efron D, Sciberras E, Silk TJ. Head Motion During MRI Predicted by out-of-Scanner Sustained Attention Performance in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:1429-1440. [PMID: 32189534 DOI: 10.1177/1087054720911988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To characterize head movements in children with ADHD using an ex-Gaussian distribution and examine associations with out-of-scanner sustained attention. Method: Fifty-six children with ADHD and 61 controls aged 9 to 11 years completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In-scanner head motion was calculated using ex-Gaussian estimates for mu, sigma, and tau in delta variation signal and framewise displacement. Sustained attention was evaluated through omission errors and tau in response time on the SART. Results: Mediation analysis revealed that out-of-scanner attention lapses (omissions during the SART) mediated the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and in-scanner head motion (tau in delta variation signal), indirect effect: B = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.07, 3.15], accounting for 29% of the association. Conclusion: Findings suggest a critical link between trait-level sustained attention and infrequent large head movements during scanning (tau in head motion) and highlight fundamental challenges in measuring the neural basis of sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Thomson
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Charles B Malpas
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daryl Efron
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Sciberras
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy J Silk
- The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Shaw R, Sudre CH, Varsavsky T. A k-Space Model of Movement Artefacts: Application to Segmentation Augmentation and Artefact Removal. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:2881-2892. [PMID: 32149627 PMCID: PMC7116018 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.2972547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Patient movement during the acquisition of magnetic resonance images (MRI) can cause unwanted image artefacts. These artefacts may affect the quality of clinical diagnosis and cause errors in automated image analysis. In this work, we present a method for generating realistic motion artefacts from artefact-free magnitude MRI data to be used in deep learning frameworks, increasing training appearance variability and ultimately making machine learning algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) more robust to the presence of motion artefacts. By modelling patient movement as a sequence of randomly-generated, 'demeaned', rigid 3D affine transforms, we resample artefact-free volumes and combine these in k-space to generate motion artefact data. We show that by augmenting the training of semantic segmentation CNNs with artefacts, we can train models that generalise better and perform more reliably in the presence of artefact data, with negligible cost to their performance on clean data. We show that the performance of models trained using artefact data on segmentation tasks on real-world test-retest image pairs is more robust. We also demonstrate that our augmentation model can be used to learn to retrospectively remove certain types of motion artefacts from real MRI scans. Finally, we show that measures of uncertainty obtained from motion augmented CNN models reflect the presence of artefacts and can thus provide relevant information to ensure the safe usage of deep learning extracted biomarkers in a clinical pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Shaw
- PhD candidates within the Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK, and co-affiliated with the School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, UK
| | - Carole H. Sudre
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, UK
| | - Thomas Varsavsky
- PhD candidates within the Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK, and co-affiliated with the School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, UK
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19
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Mehler DMA, Williams AN, Whittaker JR, Krause F, Lührs M, Kunas S, Wise RG, Shetty HGM, Turner DL, Linden DEJ. Graded fMRI Neurofeedback Training of Motor Imagery in Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Patients: A Preregistered Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:226. [PMID: 32760259 PMCID: PMC7373077 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), a major brain vessel that supplies the primary motor and premotor cortex, is one of the most common causes for severe upper limb impairment. Currently available motor rehabilitation training largely lacks satisfying efficacy with over 70% of stroke survivors showing residual upper limb dysfunction. Motor imagery-based functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) has been suggested as a potential therapeutic technique to improve motor impairment in stroke survivors. In this preregistered proof-of-concept study (https://osf.io/y69jc/), we translated graded fMRI-NF training, a new paradigm that we have previously studied in healthy participants, to first-time MCA stroke survivors with residual mild to severe impairment of upper limb motor function. Neurofeedback was provided from the supplementary motor area (SMA) targeting two different neurofeedback target levels (low and high). We hypothesized that MCA stroke survivors will show (1) sustained SMA-region of interest (ROI) activation and (2) a difference in SMA-ROI activation between low and high neurofeedback conditions during graded fMRI-NF training. At the group level, we found only anecdotal evidence for these preregistered hypotheses. At the individual level, we found anecdotal to moderate evidence for the absence of the hypothesized graded effect for most subjects. These null findings are relevant for future attempts to employ fMRI-NF training in stroke survivors. The study introduces a Bayesian sequential sampling plan, which incorporates prior knowledge, yielding higher sensitivity. The sampling plan was preregistered together with a priori hypotheses and all planned analysis before data collection to address potential publication/researcher biases. Unforeseen difficulties in the translation of our paradigm to a clinical setting required some deviations from the preregistered protocol. We explicitly detail these changes, discuss the accompanied additional challenges that can arise in clinical neurofeedback studies, and formulate recommendations for how these can be addressed. Taken together, this work provides new insights about the feasibility of motor imagery-based graded fMRI-NF training in MCA stroke survivors and serves as a first example for comprehensive study preregistration of an (fMRI) neurofeedback experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. A. Mehler
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Angharad N. Williams
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Adaptive Memory Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph R. Whittaker
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Krause
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michael Lührs
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Research Department, Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Kunas
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard G. Wise
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, D'Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Duncan L. Turner
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David E. J. Linden
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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20
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Tomasi D, Volkow ND. Network connectivity predicts language processing in healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3696-3708. [PMID: 32449559 PMCID: PMC7416057 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain imaging has been used to predict language skills during development and neuropathology but its accuracy in predicting language performance in healthy adults has been poorly investigated. To address this shortcoming, we studied the ability to predict reading accuracy and single‐word comprehension scores from rest‐ and task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) datasets of 424 healthy adults. Using connectome‐based predictive modeling, we identified functional brain networks with >400 edges that predicted language scores and were reproducible in independent data sets. To simplify these complex models we identified the overlapping edges derived from the three task‐fMRI sessions (language, working memory, and motor tasks), and found 12 edges for reading recognition and 11 edges for vocabulary comprehension that accounted for 20% of the variance of these scores, both in the training sample and in the independent sample. The overlapping edges predominantly emanated from language areas within the frontoparietal and default‐mode networks, with a strong precuneus prominence. These findings identify a small subset of edges that accounted for a significant fraction of the variance in language performance that might serve as neuromarkers for neuromodulation interventions to improve language performance or for presurgical planning to minimize language impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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21
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Effects of white noise on word recall performance and brain activity in healthy adolescents with normal and low auditory working memory. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:945-956. [PMID: 32179941 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the impact of white noise on word recall performance and brain activity in 40 healthy adolescents, split in two groups (normal and low) depending on their auditory working memory capacity (AWMC). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants performed a backward recall task under four different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions: 15, 10, 5, and 0-dB SNR. Behaviorally, normal AWMC individuals scored significantly higher than low AWMC individuals across noise levels. Whole-brain analyses showed brain activation not to be statistically different between groups across noise levels. In the normal group, a significant positive relationship was found between performance and number of activated voxels in the right superior frontal gyrus. In the low group, significant positive correlations were found between performance and number of activated voxels in left superior frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left anterior cingulate cortex. These findings suggest that the strategic structure involved in the enhancement of AWM performance may differ in normal and low AWMC individuals.
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22
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Respino M, Hoptman MJ, Victoria LW, Alexopoulos GS, Solomonov N, Stein AT, Coluccio M, Morimoto SS, Blau CJ, Abreu L, Burdick KE, Liston C, Gunning FM. Cognitive Control Network Homogeneity and Executive Functions in Late-Life Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:213-221. [PMID: 31901436 PMCID: PMC7010539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression is characterized by network abnormalities, especially within the cognitive control network. We used alternative functional connectivity approaches, regional homogeneity (ReHo) and network homogeneity, to investigate late-life depression functional homogeneity. We examined the association between cognitive control network homogeneity and executive functions. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed for 33 older adults with depression and 43 healthy control subjects. ReHo was performed as the correlation between each voxel and the 27 neighbor voxels. Network homogeneity was calculated as global brain connectivity restricted to 7 networks. T-maps were generated for group comparisons. We measured cognitive performance and executive functions with the Dementia Rating Scale, Trail-Making Test (A and B), Stroop Color Word Test, and Digit Span Test. RESULTS Older adults with depression showed increased ReHo in the bilateral dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the right middle temporal gyrus, with no significant findings for network homogeneity. Hierarchical linear regression models showed that higher ReHo in the dACC predicted better performance on Trail-Making Test B (p < .001; R2 = .49), Digit Span Backward (p < .05; R2 = .23), and Digit Span Total (p < .05; R2 = .23). Used as a seed, the dACC cluster of higher ReHo showed lower functional connectivity with bilateral precuneus. CONCLUSIONS Higher ReHo within the dACC and right middle temporal gyrus distinguish older adults with depression from control subjects. The correlations with executive function performance support increased ReHo in the dACC as a meaningful measure of the organization of the cognitive control network and a potential compensatory mechanism. Lower functional connectivity between the dACC and the precuneus in late-life depression suggests that clusters of increased ReHo may be functionally segregated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Respino
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Matthew J Hoptman
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Lindsay W Victoria
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - George S Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Nili Solomonov
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Aliza T Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Maria Coluccio
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Sarah Shizuko Morimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Chloe J Blau
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Lila Abreu
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Conor Liston
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York
| | - Faith M Gunning
- Department of Psychiatry, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York.
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23
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Tadayon E, Pascual-Leone A, Santarnecchi E. Differential Contribution of Cortical Thickness, Surface Area, and Gyrification to Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:215-225. [PMID: 31329833 PMCID: PMC7029693 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human intelligence can be broadly subdivided into fluid (gf) and crystallized (gc) intelligence, each tapping into distinct cognitive abilities. Although neuroanatomical correlates of intelligence have been previously studied, differential contribution of cortical morphologies to gf and gc has not been fully delineated. Here, we tried to disentangle the contribution of cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and cortical gyrification to gf and gc in a large sample of healthy young subjects (n = 740, Human Connectome Project) with high-resolution MRIs, followed by replication in a separate data set with distinct cognitive measures indexing gf and gc. We found that while gyrification in distributed cortical regions had positive association with both gf and gc, surface area and thickness showed more regional associations. Specifically, higher performance in gf was associated with cortical expansion in regions related to working memory, attention, and visuo-spatial processing, while gc was associated with thinner cortex as well as higher cortical surface area in language-related networks. We discuss the results in a framework where "horizontal" cortical expansion enables higher resource allocation, computational capacity, and functional specificity relevant to gf and gc, while lower cortical thickness possibly reflects cortical pruning facilitating "vertical" intracolumnar efficiency in knowledge-based tasks relevant mostly to gc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Tadayon
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro Pascual-Leone
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Bolton TAW, Kebets V, Glerean E, Zöller D, Li J, Yeo BTT, Caballero-Gaudes C, Van De Ville D. Agito ergo sum: Correlates of spatio-temporal motion characteristics during fMRI. Neuroimage 2019; 209:116433. [PMID: 31841680 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of in-scanner motion on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has a notorious reputation in the neuroimaging community. State-of-the-art guidelines advise to scrub out excessively corrupted frames as assessed by a composite framewise displacement (FD) score, to regress out models of nuisance variables, and to include average FD as a covariate in group-level analyses. Here, we studied individual motion time courses at time points typically retained in fMRI analyses. We observed that even in this set of putatively clean time points, motion exhibited a very clear spatio-temporal structure, so that we could distinguish subjects into separate groups of movers with varying characteristics. Then, we showed that this spatio-temporal motion cartography tightly relates to a broad array of anthropometric and cognitive factors. Convergent results were obtained from two different analytical perspectives: univariate assessment of behavioural differences across mover subgroups unraveled defining markers, while subsequent multivariate analysis broadened the range of involved factors and clarified that multiple motion/behaviour modes of covariance overlap in the data. Our results demonstrate that even the smaller episodes of motion typically retained in fMRI analyses carry structured, behaviourally relevant information. They call for further examinations of possible biases in current regression-based motion correction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A W Bolton
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Valeria Kebets
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrico Glerean
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland; Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Sleep and Cognition, N.1 Institute for Health and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva (UNIGE), Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Boukrina O, Kucukboyaci NE, Dobryakova E. Considerations of power and sample size in rehabilitation research. Int J Psychophysiol 2019; 154:6-14. [PMID: 31655185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
With the current emphasis on power and reproducibility, pressures are rising to increase sample sizes in rehabilitation research in order to reflect more accurate effect estimation and generalizable results. The conventional way of increasing power by enrolling more participants is less feasible in some fields of research. In particular, rehabilitation research faces considerable challenges in achieving this goal. We describe the specific challenges to increasing power by recruiting large sample sizes and obtaining large effects in rehabilitation research. Specifically, we discuss how variability within clinical populations, lack of common standards for selecting appropriate control groups; potentially reduced reliability of measurements of brain function in individuals recovering from a brain injury; biases involved in a priori effect size estimation, and higher budgetary and staffing requirements can influence considerations of sample and effect size in rehabilitation. We also describe solutions to these challenges, such as increased sampling per participant, improving experimental control, appropriate analyses, transparent result reporting and using innovative ways of harnessing the inherent variability of clinical populations. These solutions can improve statistical power and produce reliable and valid results even in the face of limited availability of large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Boukrina
- Center for Stroke Rehabilitation Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - N Erkut Kucukboyaci
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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26
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Othman E, Yusoff AN, Mohamad M, Abdul Manan H, Giampietro V, Abd Hamid AI, Dzulkifli MA, Osman SS, Wan Burhanuddin WID. Low intensity white noise improves performance in auditory working memory task: An fMRI study. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02444. [PMID: 31687551 PMCID: PMC6819787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that white noise may facilitate auditory working memory performance via stochastic resonance. Stochastic resonance is quantified by plotting cognitive performance as a function of noise intensity. The plot would appear as an inverted U-curve, that is, a moderate noise is beneficial for performance whereas too low and too much noise attenuates performance. However, knowledge about the optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) needed for stochastic resonance to occur in the brain, particularly in the neural network of auditory working memory, is limited and demand further investigation. In the present study, we extended previous works on the impact of white noise on auditory working memory performance by including multiple background noise levels to map out the inverted U-curve for the stochastic resonance. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), twenty healthy young adults performed a word-based backward recall span task under four signal-to-noise ratio conditions: 15, 10, 5, and 0-dB SNR. Group results show significant behavioral improvement and increased activation in frontal cortices, primary auditory cortices, and anterior cingulate cortex in all noise conditions, except at 0-dB SNR, which decreases activation and performance. When plotted as a function of signal-to-noise ratio, behavioral and fMRI data exhibited a noise-benefit inverted U-shaped curve. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between the activity of the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and performance in 5-dB SNR. The predicted phenomenon of SR on auditory working memory performance is confirmed. Findings from this study suggest that the optimal signal-to-noise ratio to enhance auditory working memory performance is within 10 to 5-dB SNR and that the right SFG may be a strategic structure involved in enhancement of auditory working memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Othman
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- Center for Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff
- Center for Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mazlyfarina Mohamad
- Center for Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hanani Abdul Manan
- Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Aini Ismafairus Abd Hamid
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mariam Adawiah Dzulkifli
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syazarina Sharis Osman
- Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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27
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Maknojia S, Churchill NW, Schweizer TA, Graham SJ. Resting State fMRI: Going Through the Motions. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:825. [PMID: 31456656 PMCID: PMC6700228 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has become an indispensable tool in neuroscience research. Despite this, rs-fMRI signals are easily contaminated by artifacts arising from movement of the head during data collection. The artifacts can be problematic even for motions on the millimeter scale, with complex spatiotemporal properties that can lead to substantial errors in functional connectivity estimates. Effective correction methods must be employed, therefore, to distinguish true functional networks from motion-related noise. Research over the last three decades has produced numerous correction methods, many of which must be applied in combination to achieve satisfactory data quality. Subject instruction, training, and mild restraints are helpful at the outset, but usually insufficient. Improvements come from applying multiple motion correction algorithms retrospectively after rs-fMRI data are collected, although residual artifacts can still remain in cases of elevated motion, which are especially prevalent in patient populations. Although not commonly adopted at present, “real-time” correction methods are emerging that can be combined with retrospective methods and that promise better correction and increased rs-fMRI signal sensitivity. While the search for the ideal motion correction protocol continues, rs-fMRI research will benefit from good disclosure practices, such as: (1) reporting motion-related quality control metrics to provide better comparison between studies; and (2) including motion covariates in group-level analyses to limit the extent of motion-related confounds when studying group differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Maknojia
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathan W Churchill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S J Graham
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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28
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Albajara Sáenz A, Villemonteix T, Massat I. Structural and functional neuroimaging in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:399-405. [PMID: 30276811 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of neuroimaging studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In terms of brain structure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and diffusion tensor imaging studies have evidenced differences in volume, surface-based measures (cortical thickness, surface area, and gyrification), and white matter integrity in different cerebral regions, in children and adults with ADHD compared to population norms. Abnormalities in the basal ganglia, prefrontal structures, and the corpus callosum have been the most consistently reported findings across studies. Hemodynamic (functional MRI, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography) and magnetoencephalography measurements have also shown differences in neural activity during the execution of neuropsychological tasks and during rest, in widespread regions of the brain. Importantly, multimodal studies combining structural and functional methods have shown an intercorrelation between structural and functional abnormalities in ADHD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the effects of age and medication on brain structure and function in individuals with ADHD. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: In attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the brain is characterized by abnormal neural network interplay. Structural and functional cerebral abnormalities in ADHD are intercorrelated. Currently there is no neural biomarker that can be used in diagnosis. Longitudinal studies have shed light on the brain correlates of ADHD over the lifespan. The effects of stimulant intake on the brain correlates of ADHD remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Albajara Sáenz
- UR2NF/Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- UR2NF/Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, Universite de Vincennes, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Massat
- UR2NF/Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,National Fund of Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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29
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Gabard-Durnam LJ, O'Muircheartaigh J, Dirks H, Dean DC, Tottenham N, Deoni S. Human amygdala functional network development: A cross-sectional study from 3 months to 5 years of age. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 34:63-74. [PMID: 30075348 PMCID: PMC6252269 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the amygdala's role in shaping social behavior is especially important during early post-natal development, very little is known of amygdala functional development before childhood. To address this gap, this study uses resting-state fMRI to examine early amygdalar functional network development in a cross-sectional sample of 80 children from 3-months to 5-years of age. Whole brain functional connectivity with the amygdala, and its laterobasal and superficial sub-regions, were largely similar to those seen in older children and adults. Functional distinctions between sub-region networks were already established. These patterns suggest many amygdala functional circuits are intact from infancy, especially those that are part of motor, visual, auditory and subcortical networks. Developmental changes in connectivity were observed between the laterobasal nucleus and bilateral ventral temporal and motor cortex as well as between the superficial nuclei and medial thalamus, occipital cortex and a different region of motor cortex. These results show amygdala-subcortical and sensory-cortex connectivity begins refinement prior to childhood, though connectivity changes with associative and frontal cortical areas, seen after early childhood, were not evident in this age range. These findings represent early steps in understanding amygdala network dynamics across infancy through early childhood, an important period of emotional and cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Gabard-Durnam
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - J O'Muircheartaigh
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences & Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - H Dirks
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, Providence, USA
| | - D C Dean
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53702, USA; Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53702, USA
| | - N Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - S Deoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, USA
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30
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Fountain-Zaragoza S, Samimy S, Rosenberg MD, Prakash RS. Connectome-based models predict attentional control in aging adults. Neuroimage 2018; 186:1-13. [PMID: 30394324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There are well-characterized age-related differences in behavioral and neural responses to tasks of attentional control. However, there is also increasing recognition of individual variability in the process of neurocognitive aging. Using connectome-based predictive modeling, a method for predicting individual-level behaviors from whole-brain functional connectivity, a sustained attention connectome-based prediction model (saCPM) has been derived in young adults. The saCPM consists of two large-scale functional networks: a high-attention network whose strength predicts better attention and a low-attention network whose strength predicts worse attention. Here we examined the generalizability of the saCPM for predicting inhibitory control in an aging sample. Forty-two healthy young adults (n = 21, ages 18-30) and older adults (n = 21, ages 60-80) performed a modified Stroop task, on which older adults exhibited poorer performance, indexed by higher reaction time cost between incongruent and congruent trials. The saCPM generalized to predict reaction time cost across age groups, but did not account for age-related differences in performance. Exploratory analyses were conducted to characterize the effects of age on functional connectivity and behavior. We identified subnetworks of the saCPM that exhibited age-related differences in strength. The strength of two low-attention subnetworks, consisting of frontoparietal, medial frontal, default mode, and motor nodes that were more strongly connected in older adults, mediated the effect of age group on performance. These results support the saCPM's ability to capture attention-related patterns reflected in each individual's functional connectivity signature across both task context and age. However, older and younger adults exhibit functional connectivity differences within components of the saCPM networks, and it is these connections that better account for age-related deficits in attentional control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaadee Samimy
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA
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31
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Ma L, Steinberg JL, Bjork JM, Keyser-Marcus L, Vassileva J, Zhu M, Ganapathy V, Wang Q, Boone EL, Ferré S, Bickel WK, Gerard Moeller F. Fronto-striatal effective connectivity of working memory in adults with cannabis use disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2018; 278:21-34. [PMID: 29957349 PMCID: PMC6953485 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous working memory (WM) studies found that relative to controls, subjects with cannabis use disorder (CUD) showed greater brain activation in some regions (e.g., left [L] and right [R] ventrolateral prefrontal cortex [VLPFC], and L dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [L-DLPFC]), and lower activation in other regions (e.g., R-DLPFC). In this study, effective connectivity (EC) analysis was applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from 23 CUD subjects and 23 controls (two groups matched for sociodemographic factors and substance use history) while performing an n-back WM task with interleaved 2-back and 0-back periods. A 2-back minus 0-back modulator was defined to measure the modulatory changes of EC corresponding to the 2-back relative to 0-back conditions. Compared to the controls, the CUD group showed smaller modulatory change in the R-DLPFC to L-caudate pathway, and greater modulatory changes in L-DLPFC to L-caudate, R-DLPFC to R-caudate, and R-VLPFC to L-caudate pathways. Based on previous fMRI studies consistently suggesting that greater brain activations are related to a compensatory mechanism for cannabis neural effects (less regional brain activations), the smaller modulatory change in the R-DLPFC to L-caudate EC may be compensated by the larger modulatory changes in the other prefrontal-striatal ECs in the CUD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangsuo Ma
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), 203 East Cary Street, Suite 202, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Joel L Steinberg
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), 203 East Cary Street, Suite 202, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA
| | - James M Bjork
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), 203 East Cary Street, Suite 202, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lori Keyser-Marcus
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), 203 East Cary Street, Suite 202, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jasmin Vassileva
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), 203 East Cary Street, Suite 202, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Min Zhu
- Radiology Department, Mu Dang Jiang Medical University, Mu Dang Jiang, Hei Long Jiang, China
| | - Venkatesh Ganapathy
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Edward L Boone
- Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sergi Ferré
- Integrative Neurobiology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - F Gerard Moeller
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), 203 East Cary Street, Suite 202, Richmond, VA 23219, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Neurology, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
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32
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Madan CR. Age differences in head motion and estimates of cortical morphology. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5176. [PMID: 30065858 PMCID: PMC6065477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical morphology is known to differ with age, as measured by cortical thickness, fractal dimensionality, and gyrification. However, head motion during MRI scanning has been shown to influence estimates of cortical thickness as well as increase with age. Studies have also found task-related differences in head motion and relationships between body–mass index (BMI) and head motion. Here I replicated these prior findings, as well as several others, within a large, open-access dataset (Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience, CamCAN). This is a larger dataset than these results have been demonstrated previously, within a sample size of more than 600 adults across the adult lifespan. While replicating prior findings is important, demonstrating these key findings concurrently also provides an opportunity for additional related analyses: critically, I test for the influence of head motion on cortical fractal dimensionality and gyrification; effects were statistically significant in some cases, but small in magnitude.
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33
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Huang H, Tanner J, Parvataneni H, Rice M, Horgas A, Ding M, Price C. Impact of Total Knee Arthroplasty with General Anesthesia on Brain Networks: Cognitive Efficiency and Ventricular Volume Predict Functional Connectivity Decline in Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:319-333. [PMID: 29439328 PMCID: PMC5827939 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI), we explored: 1) pre- to post-operative changes in functional connectivity in default mode, salience, and central executive networks after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with general anesthesia, and 2) the contribution of cognitive/brain reserve metrics these resting state functional declines. Individuals age 60 and older electing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA; n = 48) and non-surgery peers with osteoarthritis (n = 45) completed baseline cognitive testing and baseline and post-surgery (post-baseline, 48-h post-surgery) brain MRI. We acquired cognitive and brain estimates for premorbid (vocabulary, reading, education, intracranial volume) and current (working memory, processing speed, declarative memory, ventricular volume) reserve. Functional network analyses corrected for pain severity and pain medication. The surgery group declined in every functional network of interest (p < 0.001). Relative to non-surgery peers, 23% of surgery participants declined in at least one network and 15% of the total TKA sample declined across all networks. Larger preoperative ventricular volume and lower scores on preoperative metrics of processing speed and working memory predicted default mode network connectivity decline. Premorbid cognitive and premorbid brain reserve did not predict decline. Within 48 hours after surgery, at least one fourth of the older adult sample showed significant functional network decline. Metrics of current brain status (ventricular volume), working memory, and processing speed predicted the severity of default mode network connectivity decline. These findings demonstrate the relevance of preoperative cognition and brain integrity on acute postoperative functional network change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jared Tanner
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hari Parvataneni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark Rice
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ann Horgas
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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34
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Wylie GR, Dobryakova E, DeLuca J, Chiaravalloti N, Essad K, Genova H. Cognitive fatigue in individuals with traumatic brain injury is associated with caudate activation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8973. [PMID: 28827779 PMCID: PMC5567054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08846-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated differences in brain activation associated with cognitive fatigue between persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy controls (HCs). Twenty-two participants with moderate-severe TBI and 20 HCs performed four blocks of a difficult working memory task and four blocks of a control task during fMRI imaging. Cognitive fatigue, assessed before and after each block, was used as a covariate to assess fatigue-related brain activation. The TBI group reported more fatigue than the HCs, though their performance was comparable. Regarding brain activation, the TBI group showed a Task X Fatigue interaction in the caudate tail resulting from a positive correlation between fatigue and brain activation for the difficult task and a negative relationship for the control task. The HC group showed the same Task X Fatigue interaction in the caudate head. Because we had prior hypotheses about the caudate, we performed a confirmatory analysis of a separate dataset in which the same subjects performed a processing speed task. A relationship between Fatigue and brain activation was evident in the caudate for this task as well. These results underscore the importance of the caudate nucleus in relation to cognitive fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Wylie
- Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 100, East Hanover, New Jersey, 07936, USA. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA. .,The War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, The Department of Veterans' Affairs, New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange Campus, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA.
| | - E Dobryakova
- Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 100, East Hanover, New Jersey, 07936, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - J DeLuca
- Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 100, East Hanover, New Jersey, 07936, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA.,Department of Neurology, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - N Chiaravalloti
- Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 100, East Hanover, New Jersey, 07936, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - K Essad
- Dartmouth College, Dartmouth College Medical School, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - H Genova
- Kessler Foundation, 120 Eagle Rock Avenue, Suite 100, East Hanover, New Jersey, 07936, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
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35
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Reprint of: Minimizing noise in pediatric task-based functional MRI; Adolescents with developmental disabilities and typical development. Neuroimage 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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36
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Geerligs L, Tsvetanov KA, Cam-Can, Henson RN. Challenges in measuring individual differences in functional connectivity using fMRI: The case of healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4125-4156. [PMID: 28544076 PMCID: PMC5518296 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies report individual differences in functional connectivity, such as those related to age. However, estimates of connectivity from fMRI are confounded by other factors, such as vascular health, head motion and changes in the location of functional regions. Here, we investigate the impact of these confounds, and pre‐processing strategies that can mitigate them, using data from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing & Neuroscience (http://www.cam-can.com). This dataset contained two sessions of resting‐state fMRI from 214 adults aged 18–88. Functional connectivity between all regions was strongly related to vascular health, most likely reflecting respiratory and cardiac signals. These variations in mean connectivity limit the validity of between‐participant comparisons of connectivity estimates, and were best mitigated by regression of mean connectivity over participants. We also showed that high‐pass filtering, instead of band‐pass filtering, produced stronger and more reliable age‐effects. Head motion was correlated with gray‐matter volume in selected brain regions, and with various cognitive measures, suggesting that it has a biological (trait) component, and warning against regressing out motion over participants. Finally, we showed that the location of functional regions was more variable in older adults, which was alleviated by smoothing the data, or using a multivariate measure of connectivity. These results demonstrate that analysis choices have a dramatic impact on connectivity differences between individuals, ultimately affecting the associations found between connectivity and cognition. It is important that fMRI connectivity studies address these issues, and we suggest a number of ways to optimize analysis choices. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4125–4156, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Geerligs
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, the Netherlands
| | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cam-Can
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard N Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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37
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Huang H, Nguyen PT, Schwab NA, Tanner JJ, Price CC, Ding M. Mapping Dorsal and Ventral Caudate in Older Adults: Method and Validation. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:91. [PMID: 28420985 PMCID: PMC5378713 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The caudate nucleus plays important roles in cognition and affect. Depending on associated connectivity and function, the caudate can be further divided into dorsal and ventral aspects. Dorsal caudate, highly connected to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), is implicated in executive function and working memory; ventral caudate, more interconnected with the limbic system, is implicated in affective functions such as pain processing. Clinically, certain brain disorders are known to differentially impact dorsal and ventral caudate. Thus, precise parcellation of caudate has both basic and clinical neuroscience significance. In young adults, past work has combined resting-state fMRI functional connectivity with clustering algorithms to define dorsal and ventral caudate. Whether the same approach is effective in older adults and how to validate the parcellation results have not been considered. We addressed these problems by obtaining resting-state fMRI data from 56 older non-demented adults (age: 69.07 ± 5.92 years and MOCA: 25.71 ± 2.46) along with a battery of cognitive and clinical assessments. Connectivity from each voxel of caudate to the rest of the brain was computed using cross correlation. Applying the K-means clustering algorithm to the connectivity patterns with K = 2 yielded two substructures within caudate, which agree well with previously reported dorsal and ventral divisions of caudate. Furthermore, dorsal-caudate-seeded functional connectivity was shown to be more strongly associated with working memory and fluid reasoning composite scores, whereas ventral-caudate-seeded functional connectivity more strongly associated with pain and fatigue severity. These results demonstrate that dorsal and ventral caudate can be reliably identified by combining resting-state fMRI and clustering algorithms in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Huang
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter T Nguyen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nadine A Schwab
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jared J Tanner
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine C Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
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38
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Khalili-Mahani N, Rombouts SARB, van Osch MJP, Duff EP, Carbonell F, Nickerson LD, Becerra L, Dahan A, Evans AC, Soucy JP, Wise R, Zijdenbos AP, van Gerven JM. Biomarkers, designs, and interpretations of resting-state fMRI in translational pharmacological research: A review of state-of-the-Art, challenges, and opportunities for studying brain chemistry. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:2276-2325. [PMID: 28145075 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A decade of research and development in resting-state functional MRI (RSfMRI) has opened new translational and clinical research frontiers. This review aims to bridge between technical and clinical researchers who seek reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for studying drug interactions with the brain. About 85 pharma-RSfMRI studies using BOLD signal (75% of all) or arterial spin labeling (ASL) were surveyed to investigate the acute effects of psychoactive drugs. Experimental designs and objectives include drug fingerprinting dose-response evaluation, biomarker validation and calibration, and translational studies. Common biomarkers in these studies include functional connectivity, graph metrics, cerebral blood flow and the amplitude and spectrum of BOLD fluctuations. Overall, RSfMRI-derived biomarkers seem to be sensitive to spatiotemporal dynamics of drug interactions with the brain. However, drugs cause both central and peripheral effects, thus exacerbate difficulties related to biological confounds, structured noise from motion and physiological confounds, as well as modeling and inference testing. Currently, these issues are not well explored, and heterogeneities in experimental design, data acquisition and preprocessing make comparative or meta-analysis of existing reports impossible. A unifying collaborative framework for data-sharing and data-mining is thus necessary for investigating the commonalities and differences in biomarker sensitivity and specificity, and establishing guidelines. Multimodal datasets including sham-placebo or active control sessions and repeated measurements of various psychometric, physiological, metabolic and neuroimaging phenotypes are essential for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and interpretation of the findings. We provide a list of basic minimum and advanced options that can be considered in design and analyses of future pharma-RSfMRI studies. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2276-2325, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Khalili-Mahani
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Serge A R B Rombouts
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eugene P Duff
- Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lisa D Nickerson
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lino Becerra
- Center for Pain and the Brain, Harvard Medical School & Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Albert Dahan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard Wise
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex P Zijdenbos
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Biospective Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joop M van Gerven
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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39
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Fassbender C, Mukherjee P, Schweitzer JB. Minimizing noise in pediatric task-based functional MRI; Adolescents with developmental disabilities and typical development. Neuroimage 2017; 149:338-347. [PMID: 28130195 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) represents a powerful tool with which to examine brain functioning and development in typically developing pediatric groups as well as children and adolescents with clinical disorders. However, fMRI data can be highly susceptible to misinterpretation due to the effects of excessive levels of noise, often related to head motion. Imaging children, especially with developmental disorders, requires extra considerations related to hyperactivity, anxiety and the ability to perform and maintain attention to the fMRI paradigm. We discuss a number of methods that can be employed to minimize noise, in particular movement-related noise. To this end we focus on strategies prior to, during and following the data acquisition phase employed primarily within our own laboratory. We discuss the impact of factors such as experimental design, screening of potential participants and pre-scan training on head motion in our adolescents with developmental disorders and typical development. We make some suggestions that may minimize noise during data acquisition itself and finally we briefly discuss some current processing techniques that may help to identify and remove noise in the data. Many advances have been made in the field of pediatric imaging, particularly with regard to research involving children with developmental disorders. Mindfulness of issues such as those discussed here will ensure continued progress and greater consistency across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fassbender
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States; UC Davis MIND Institute, United States; UC Davis Imaging Research Center, United States.
| | - Prerona Mukherjee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States; UC Davis MIND Institute, United States
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, United States; UC Davis MIND Institute, United States
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40
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Hernandez ME, Holtzer R, Chaparro G, Jean K, Balto JM, Sandroff BM, Izzetoglu M, Motl RW. Brain activation changes during locomotion in middle-aged to older adults with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2016; 370:277-283. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Slater H, Milne AE, Wilson B, Muers RS, Balezeau F, Hunter D, Thiele A, Griffiths TD, Petkov CI. Individually customisable non-invasive head immobilisation system for non-human primates with an option for voluntary engagement. J Neurosci Methods 2016; 269:46-60. [PMID: 27189889 PMCID: PMC4935671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive head immobilisation for neuroscience experiments in monkeys. Individually customised system combining functionality of previous systems. Allows access for auditory and visual stimulation. Has the option for voluntary engagement to assist habituation. Systematically evaluated against scientific and animal welfare needs.
Background Head immobilisation is often necessary for neuroscientific procedures. A number of Non-invasive Head Immobilisation Systems (NHIS) for monkeys are available, but the need remains for a feasible integrated system combining a broad range of essential features. New method We developed an individualised macaque NHIS addressing several animal welfare and scientific needs. The system comprises a customised-to-fit facemask that can be used separately or combined with a back piece to form a full-head helmet. The system permits presentation of visual and auditory stimuli during immobilisation and provides mouth access for reward. Results The facemask was incorporated into an automated voluntary training system, allowing the animals to engage with it for increasing periods leading to full head immobilisation. We evaluated the system during performance on several auditory or visual behavioural tasks with testing sessions lasting 1.5–2 h, used thermal imaging to monitor for and prevent pressure points, and measured head movement using MRI. Comparison with existing methods A comprehensive evaluation of the system is provided in relation to several scientific and animal welfare requirements. Behavioural results were often comparable to those obtained with surgical implants. Cost–benefit analyses were conducted comparing the system with surgical options, highlighting the benefits of implementing the non-invasive option. Conclusions The system has a number of potential applications and could be an important tool in neuroscientific research, when direct access to the brain for neuronal recordings is not required, offering the opportunity to conduct non-invasive experiments while improving animal welfare and reducing reliance on surgically implanted head posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Slater
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Alice E Milne
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Wilson
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Ross S Muers
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Fabien Balezeau
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - David Hunter
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Thiele
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy D Griffiths
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher I Petkov
- Institute of Neuroscience, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Henry Wellcome Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
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Costa SL, Genova HM, DeLuca J, Chiaravalloti ND. Information processing speed in multiple sclerosis: Past, present, and future. Mult Scler 2016; 23:772-789. [PMID: 27207446 DOI: 10.1177/1352458516645869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information processing speed (IPS) is a prevalent cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVES This review aims to summarize the methods applied to assess IPS in MS and its theoretical conceptualization. A PubMed search was performed to select articles published between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013, resulting in 157 articles included. RESULTS The majority (54%) of studies assessed IPS with heterogeneous samples (several disease courses). Studies often report controlling for presence of other neurological disorders (60.5%), age (58.6%), education (51.6%), alcohol history (47.8%), or use of steroids (39.5%). Potential confounding variables, such as recent relapses (50.3%), history of developmental disorders (19.1%), and visual problems (29.9%), were often neglected. Assessments used to study IPS were heterogeneous (ranging from simple to complex tasks) among the studies under review, with 62 different tasks used. Only 9.6% of articles defined the construct of IPS and 22.3% discussed IPS in relation to a theoretical model. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The challenges for the upcoming decade include clarification of the definition of IPS as well as its theoretical conceptualization and a consensus on assessment. Based on the results obtained, we propose a new theoretical model, the tri-factor model of IPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana L Costa
- Neuropsychology & Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA/Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Helen M Genova
- Neuropsychology & Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA/Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - John DeLuca
- Neuropsychology & Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA/Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA/Department of Neurology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Nancy D Chiaravalloti
- Neuropsychology & Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA/Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Couvy-Duchesne B, Ebejer JL, Gillespie NA, Duffy DL, Hickie IB, Thompson PM, Martin NG, de Zubicaray GI, McMahon KL, Medland SE, Wright MJ. Head Motion and Inattention/Hyperactivity Share Common Genetic Influences: Implications for fMRI Studies of ADHD. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146271. [PMID: 26745144 PMCID: PMC4712830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Head motion (HM) is a well known confound in analyses of functional MRI (fMRI) data. Neuroimaging researchers therefore typically treat HM as a nuisance covariate in their analyses. Even so, it is possible that HM shares a common genetic influence with the trait of interest. Here we investigate the extent to which this relationship is due to shared genetic factors, using HM extracted from resting-state fMRI and maternal and self report measures of Inattention and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity from the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviour (SWAN) scales. Our sample consisted of healthy young adult twins (N = 627 (63% females) including 95 MZ and 144 DZ twin pairs, mean age 22, who had mother-reported SWAN; N = 725 (58% females) including 101 MZ and 156 DZ pairs, mean age 25, with self reported SWAN). This design enabled us to distinguish genetic from environmental factors in the association between head movement and ADHD scales. HM was moderately correlated with maternal reports of Inattention (r = 0.17, p-value = 7.4E-5) and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (r = 0.16, p-value = 2.9E-4), and these associations were mainly due to pleiotropic genetic factors with genetic correlations [95% CIs] of rg = 0.24 [0.02, 0.43] and rg = 0.23 [0.07, 0.39]. Correlations between self-reports and HM were not significant, due largely to increased measurement error. These results indicate that treating HM as a nuisance covariate in neuroimaging studies of ADHD will likely reduce power to detect between-group effects, as the implicit assumption of independence between HM and Inattention or Hyperactivity-Impulsivity is not warranted. The implications of this finding are problematic for fMRI studies of ADHD, as failing to apply HM correction is known to increase the likelihood of false positives. We discuss two ways to circumvent this problem: censoring the motion contaminated frames of the RS-fMRI scan or explicitly modeling the relationship between HM and Inattention or Hyperactivity-Impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jane L. Ebejer
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - David L. Duffy
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, United States of America
| | | | - Greig I. de Zubicaray
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health Biomedical Innovation, Queensland Institute of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katie L. McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Margaret J. Wright
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Interpreting Intervention Induced Neuroplasticity with fMRI: The Case for Multimodal Imaging Strategies. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:2643491. [PMID: 26839711 PMCID: PMC4709757 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2643491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct measurement of recovery from brain injury is an important goal in neurorehabilitation, and requires reliable, objective, and interpretable measures of changes in brain function, referred to generally as “neuroplasticity.” One popular imaging modality for measuring neuroplasticity is task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (t-fMRI). In the field of neurorehabilitation, however, assessing neuroplasticity using t-fMRI presents a significant challenge. This commentary reviews t-fMRI changes commonly reported in patients with cerebral palsy or acquired brain injuries, with a focus on studies of motor rehabilitation, and discusses complexities surrounding their interpretations. Specifically, we discuss the difficulties in interpreting t-fMRI changes in terms of their underlying causes, that is, differentiating whether they reflect genuine reorganisation, neurological restoration, compensation, use of preexisting redundancies, changes in strategy, or maladaptive processes. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of heterogeneous disease states and essential t-fMRI processing steps on the interpretability of activation patterns. To better understand therapy-induced neuroplastic changes, we suggest that researchers utilising t-fMRI consider concurrently acquiring information from an additional modality, to quantify, for example, haemodynamic differences or microstructural changes. We outline a variety of such supplementary measures for investigating brain reorganisation and discuss situations in which they may prove beneficial to the interpretation of t-fMRI data.
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45
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Kong XZ, Zhen Z, Li X, Lu HH, Wang R, Liu L, He Y, Zang Y, Liu J. Individual differences in impulsivity predict head motion during magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104989. [PMID: 25148416 PMCID: PMC4141798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides valuable data for understanding the human mind and brain disorders, but in-scanner head motion introduces systematic and spurious biases. For example, differences in MRI measures (e.g., network strength, white matter integrity) between patient and control groups may be due to the differences in their head motion. To determine whether head motion is an important variable in itself, or just simply a confounding variable, we explored individual differences in psychological traits that may predispose some people to move more than others during an MRI scan. In the first two studies, we demonstrated in both children (N = 245) and adults (N = 581) that head motion, estimated from resting-state functional MRI and diffusion tensor imaging, was reliably correlated with impulsivity scores. Further, the difference in head motion between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and typically developing children was largely due to differences in impulsivity. Finally, in the third study, we confirmed the observation that the regression approach, which aims to deal with motion issues by regressing out motion in the group analysis, would underestimate the effect of interest. Taken together, the present findings provide empirical evidence that links in-scanner head motion to psychological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-zhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zonglei Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruosi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Zang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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46
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Kong XZ. Association between in-scanner head motion with cerebral white matter microstructure: a multiband diffusion-weighted MRI study. PeerJ 2014; 2:e366. [PMID: 24795856 PMCID: PMC4006224 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) has emerged as the most popular neuroimaging technique used to depict the biological microstructural properties of human brain white matter. However, like other MRI techniques, traditional DW-MRI data remains subject to head motion artifacts during scanning. For example, previous studies have indicated that, with traditional DW-MRI data, head motion artifacts significantly affect the evaluation of diffusion metrics. Actually, DW-MRI data scanned with higher sampling rate are important for accurately evaluating diffusion metrics because it allows for full-brain coverage through the acquisition of multiple slices simultaneously and more gradient directions. Here, we employed a publicly available multiband DW-MRI dataset to investigate the association between motion and diffusion metrics with the standard pipeline, tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). The diffusion metrics used in this study included not only the commonly used metrics (i.e., FA and MD) in DW-MRI studies, but also newly proposed inter-voxel metric, local diffusion homogeneity (LDH). We found that the motion effects in FA and MD seems to be mitigated to some extent, but the effect on MD still exists. Furthermore, the effect in LDH is much more pronounced. These results indicate that researchers shall be cautious when conducting data analysis and interpretation. Finally, the motion-diffusion association is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-zhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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47
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Franco AR, Mannell MV, Calhoun VD, Mayer AR. Impact of analysis methods on the reproducibility and reliability of resting-state networks. Brain Connect 2013; 3:363-74. [PMID: 23705789 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2012.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Though previous examinations of intrinsic resting-state networks (RSNs) in healthy populations have consistently identified several RSNs that represent connectivity patterns evoked by cognitive and sensory tasks, the effects of different analytic approaches on the reliability and reproducibility of these RSNs have yet to be fully explored. Thus, the primary aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of method (independent component analyses [ICA] vs. seed-based analyses) on RSN reproducibility (independent datasets) for ICA and reliability (independent time points) in both methods using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Good to excellent reproducibility was observed in 9 out of 10 commonly identified RSNs, indicating the robustness of these intrinsic fluctuations at the group level. Reliability analyses showed that results were dependent on three main methodological factors: (1) group versus subject-level analyses (group>subject); (2) whether data from different visits were analyzed separately or jointly with ICA (combined>separate ICA); and (3) whether ICA output was used to directly assess reliability or to inform seed-based analyses (seed-based>ICA). These results suggest that variations in the analytic technique have a significant impact on individual reliability measurements, but do not significantly affect the reproducibility or reliability of RSNs at the group level. Further investigation into the effect of the analytic technique on RSN quantification is warranted to increase the utility of RSN analyses in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R Franco
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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