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Soraci L, Beccacece A, Princiotto M, Villalta Savedra E, Gambuzza ME, Aguennouz M, Corsonello A, Luciani F, Muglia L, Filicetti E, Greco GI, Volpentesta M, Biscetti L. The emerging links between immunosenescence in innate immune system and neurocryptococcosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1410090. [PMID: 39229268 PMCID: PMC11369721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1410090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence refers to the age-related progressive decline of immune function contributing to the increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in older people. Neurocryptococcosis, an infectious disease of central nervous system (CNS) caused by Cryptococcus neoformans (C. Neoformans) and C. gattii, has been observed with increased frequency in aged people, as result of the reactivation of a latent infection or community acquisition. These opportunistic microorganisms belonging to kingdom of fungi are capable of surviving and replicating within macrophages. Typically, cryptococcus is expelled by vomocytosis, a non-lytic expulsive mechanism also promoted by interferon (IFN)-I, or by cell lysis. However, whereas in a first phase cryptococcal vomocytosis leads to a latent asymptomatic infection confined to the lung, an enhancement in vomocytosis, promoted by IFN-I overproduction, can be deleterious, leading the fungus to reach the blood stream and invade the CNS. Cryptococcus may not be easy to diagnose in older individuals and, if not timely treated, could be potentially lethal. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the putative causes of the increased incidence of cryptococcal CNS infection in older people discussing in depth the mechanisms of immunosenscence potentially able to predispose to neurocryptococcosis, laying the foundations for future research. A deepest understanding of this relationship could provide new ways to improve the prevention and recognition of neurocryptococcosis in aged frail people, in order to quickly manage pharmacological interventions and to adopt further preventive measures able to reduce the main risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Soraci
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alessia Beccacece
- Centre for Biostatistics and Applied Geriatric Clinical Epidemiology, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - M’Hammed Aguennouz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Corsonello
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, School of Medicine and Digital Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Muglia
- Centre for Biostatistics and Applied Geriatric Clinical Epidemiology, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elvira Filicetti
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giada Ida Greco
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Mara Volpentesta
- Unit of Geriatric Medicine, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Cosenza, Italy
| | - Leonardo Biscetti
- Section of Neurology, Italian National Research Center on Aging (IRCCS INRCA), Ancona, Italy
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2
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Sanfeliu-Redondo D, Gibert-Ramos A, Gracia-Sancho J. Cell senescence in liver diseases: pathological mechanism and theranostic opportunity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:477-492. [PMID: 38485755 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The liver is not oblivious to the passage of time, as ageing is a major risk factor for the development of acute and chronic liver diseases. Ageing produces alterations in all hepatic cells, affecting their phenotype and function and worsening the prognosis of liver disease. The ageing process also implies the accumulation of a cellular state characterized by a persistent proliferation arrest and a specific secretory phenotype named cellular senescence. Indeed, senescent cells have key roles in many physiological processes; however, their accumulation owing to ageing or pathological conditions contributes to the damage occurring in chronic diseases. The aim of this Review is to provide an updated description of the pathophysiological events in which hepatic senescent cells are involved and their role in liver disease progression. Finally, we discuss novel geroscience therapies that could be applied to prevent or improve liver diseases and age-mediated hepatic deregulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sanfeliu-Redondo
- Liver Vascular Biology Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona & CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Liver Vascular Biology Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona & CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Laboratory, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute - Hospital Clínic de Barcelona & CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital - University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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3
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Saeki T, Yamamoto S, Akaki J, Tanaka T, Nakasone M, Ikeda H, Wang W, Inoue M, Manse Y, Ninomiya K, Morikawa T. Ameliorative effect of bofutsushosan (Fangfengtongshengsan) extract on the progression of aging-induced obesity. J Nat Med 2024; 78:576-589. [PMID: 38662301 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare fat accumulation in young and aged mice raised on a high-fat diet and to characterize the obesity-reducing effects of a Kampo medicine, bofutsushosan (BTS; fangfengtongshengsan in Chinese). Aged mice fed a high-fat diet containing 2% BTS extract for 28 days exhibited a significant reduction in weight gain and accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat, which were greater degree of reduction than those of the young mice. When the treatment period was extended to two months, the serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels and the accumulation of fat droplets in the hepatocytes decreased. The mRNA expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the brown adipose tissue was significantly reduced in the aged mice compared to the young mice but increased by 2% in the BTS-treated aged mice. Additionally, the effect of BTS extract on oleic acid-albumin-induced triglyceride accumulation in hepatoblastoma-derived HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. Evaluation of the single crude drug extracts revealed that Forsythia Fruit, Schizonepeta Spike, and Rhubarb were the active components in BTS extract. These results suggest that BTS extract is effective against visceral, subcutaneous, and ectopic fats in the liver, which tend to accumulate with aging. Thus, BTS extract is useful in preventing and ameliorating the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Saeki
- Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan.
| | - Saya Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Junji Akaki
- Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Misaki Nakasone
- Central R&D Laboratory, Kobayashi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 1-30-3 Toyokawa, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0057, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Ikeda
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Laboratory of Medicinal Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516, Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
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4
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Wang L, Hong W, Zhu H, He Q, Yang B, Wang J, Weng Q. Macrophage senescence in health and diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1508-1524. [PMID: 38572110 PMCID: PMC10985037 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage senescence, manifested by the special form of durable cell cycle arrest and chronic low-grade inflammation like senescence-associated secretory phenotype, has long been considered harmful. Persistent senescence of macrophages may lead to maladaptation, immune dysfunction, and finally the development of age-related diseases, infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. However, it is a ubiquitous, multi-factorial, and dynamic complex phenomenon that also plays roles in remodeled processes, including wound repair and embryogenesis. In this review, we summarize some general molecular changes and several specific biomarkers during macrophage senescence, which may bring new sight to recognize senescent macrophages in different conditions. Also, we take an in-depth look at the functional changes in senescent macrophages, including metabolism, autophagy, polarization, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and infiltration or recruitment. Furthermore, some degenerations and diseases associated with senescent macrophages as well as the mechanisms or relevant genetic regulations of senescent macrophages are integrated, not only emphasizing the possibility of regulating macrophage senescence to benefit age-associated diseases but also has an implication on the finding of potential targets or drugs clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longling Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Wenxiang Hong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China
- Taizhou Institute of Zhejiang University, Taizhou 318000, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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5
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Wang Y, Shi C, Guo J, Zhang Y, Gong Z. Distinct Types of Cell Death and Implications in Liver Diseases: An Overview of Mechanisms and Application. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1413-1424. [PMID: 37719956 PMCID: PMC10500292 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is associated with a variety of liver diseases, and hepatocyte death is a core factor in the occurrence and progression of liver diseases. In recent years, new cell death modes have been identified, and certain biomarkers have been detected in the circulation during various cell death modes that mediate liver injury. In this review, cell death modes associated with liver diseases are summarized, including some cell death modes that have emerged in recent years. We described the mechanisms associated with liver diseases and summarized recent applications of targeting cell death in liver diseases. It provides new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. In addition, multiple cell death modes can contribute to the same liver disease. Different cell death modes are not isolated, and they interact with each other in liver diseases. Future studies may focus on exploring the regulation between various cell death response pathways in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunxia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zuojiong Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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6
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Aghaei F, Wong A, Zargani M, Sarshin A, Feizolahi F, Derakhshan Z, Hashemi M, Arabzadeh E. Effects of swimming exercise combined with silymarin and vitamin C supplementation on hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathology in elderly rats with high-fat diet-induced liver damage. Nutrition 2023; 115:112167. [PMID: 37611505 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to demonstrate that swimming exercise combined with silymarin and vitamin C supplementation improves hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver histopathology in elderly rats with high-fat diet-induced liver damage. METHODS Forty elderly male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8 in each): a normal diet (control), a high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + silymarin and vitamin C supplementation (HFD+Sup), HFD + swimming exercise (HFD+Exe), and HFD+Sup+Exe group (HFD+Sup+Exe). The non-alcoholic fatty liver model was induced for 6 wk in the HFD groups. After 6 wk of consuming an HFD, a daily supplemental gavage was administered to rats as an intervention along with HFD in the supplement groups for 8 wk. Moreover, rats in the exercise groups were subjected to swimming exercise training 5 d/wk for the same period. RESULTS The combination of swimming training and supplementation caused significant decreases in liver inflammatory biomarkers tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β while increasing total antioxidant capacity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In elderly rats with liver injury caused by an HFD, the combination of exercise and silymarin with vitamin C supplementation effectively reduced oxidative stress, liver inflammation, fat accumulation, and regulated liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Aghaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Mehdi Zargani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Amir Sarshin
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Foad Feizolahi
- Clinical Care and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zhila Derakhshan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hashemi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Puppala S, Chan J, Zimmerman KD, Hamid Z, Ampong I, Huber HF, Li G, Jadhav AYL, Li C, Nathanielsz PW, Olivier M, Cox LA. Multi-omics Analysis of Aging Liver Reveals Changes in Endoplasmic Stress and Degradation Pathways in Female Nonhuman Primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554149. [PMID: 37662261 PMCID: PMC10473634 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The liver is critical for functions that support metabolism, immunity, digestion, detoxification, and vitamin storage. Aging is associated with severity and poor prognosis of various liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have used multi-omic approaches to study liver diseases or to examine the effects of aging on the liver. However, to date, no studies have used an integrated omics approach to investigate aging-associated molecular changes in the livers of healthy female nonhuman primates. The goal of this study was to identify molecular changes associated with healthy aging in the livers of female baboons ( Papio sp., n=35) by integrating multiple omics data types (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) from samples across the adult age span. To integrate omics data, we performed unbiased weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the results revealed 3 modules containing 3,149 genes and 33 proteins were positively correlated with age, and 2 modules containing 37 genes and 216 proteins were negatively correlated with age. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were positively associated with age, whereas xenobiotic metabolism and melatonin and serotonin degradation pathways were negatively associated with age. The findings of our study suggest that UPR and a reduction in reactive oxygen species generated from serotonin degradation could protect the liver from oxidative stress during the aging process in healthy female baboons.
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8
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Maji RK, Czepukojc B, Scherer M, Tierling S, Cadenas C, Gianmoena K, Gasparoni N, Nordström K, Gasparoni G, Laggai S, Yang X, Sinha A, Ebert P, Falk-Paulsen M, Kinkley S, Hoppstädter J, Chung HR, Rosenstiel P, Hengstler JG, Walter J, Schulz MH, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK. Alterations in the hepatocyte epigenetic landscape in steatosis. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:30. [PMID: 37415213 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease or the accumulation of fat in the liver, has been reported to affect the global population. This comes with an increased risk for the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Yet, little is known about the effects of a diet containing high fat and alcohol towards epigenetic aging, with respect to changes in transcriptional and epigenomic profiles. In this study, we took up a multi-omics approach and integrated gene expression, methylation signals, and chromatin signals to study the epigenomic effects of a high-fat and alcohol-containing diet on mouse hepatocytes. We identified four relevant gene network clusters that were associated with relevant pathways that promote steatosis. Using a machine learning approach, we predict specific transcription factors that might be responsible to modulate the functionally relevant clusters. Finally, we discover four additional CpG loci and validate aging-related differential CpG methylation. Differential CpG methylation linked to aging showed minimal overlap with altered methylation in steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Kumar Maji
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Beate Czepukojc
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Scherer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sascha Tierling
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- IfADo: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Kathrin Gianmoena
- IfADo: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nina Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Karl Nordström
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Laggai
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anupam Sinha
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Ebert
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sarah Kinkley
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Hoppstädter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ho-Ryun Chung
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Philipps University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- IfADo: Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcel H Schulz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe-University, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Department of Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Multimodal Computing and Interaction, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Sonja M Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmacy, Experimental Pharmacology for Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
- Halle Research Centre for Drug Therapy (HRCDT), Halle, Germany.
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Abstract
The medical disorders of alcoholism rank among the leading public health problems worldwide and the need for predictive and prognostic risk markers for assessing alcohol use disorders (AUD) has been widely acknowledged. Early-phase detection of problem drinking and associated tissue toxicity are important prerequisites for timely initiations of appropriate treatments and improving patient's committing to the objective of reducing drinking. Recent advances in clinical chemistry have provided novel approaches for a specific detection of heavy drinking through assays of unique ethanol metabolites, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) or ethyl glucuronide (EtG). Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) measurements can be used to indicate severe alcohol problems. Hazardous drinking frequently manifests as heavy episodic drinking or in combinations with other unfavorable lifestyle factors, such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor diet or adiposity, which aggravate the metabolic consequences of alcohol intake in a supra-additive manner. Such interactions are also reflected in multiple disease outcomes and distinct abnormalities in biomarkers of liver function, inflammation and oxidative stress. Use of predictive biomarkers either alone or as part of specifically designed biological algorithms helps to predict both hepatic and extrahepatic morbidity in individuals with such risk factors. Novel approaches for assessing progression of fibrosis, a major determinant of prognosis in AUD, have also been made available. Predictive algorithms based on the combined use of biomarkers and clinical observations may prove to have a major impact on clinical decisions to detect AUD in early pre-symptomatic stages, stratify patients according to their substantially different disease risks and predict individual responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and Tampere University, Seinäjoki, Finland.
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10
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Chen S, Saeed AFUH, Liu Q, Jiang Q, Xu H, Xiao GG, Rao L, Duo Y. Macrophages in immunoregulation and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:207. [PMID: 37211559 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages exist in various tissues, several body cavities, and around mucosal surfaces and are a vital part of the innate immune system for host defense against many pathogens and cancers. Macrophages possess binary M1/M2 macrophage polarization settings, which perform a central role in an array of immune tasks via intrinsic signal cascades and, therefore, must be precisely regulated. Many crucial questions about macrophage signaling and immune modulation are yet to be uncovered. In addition, the clinical importance of tumor-associated macrophages is becoming more widely recognized as significant progress has been made in understanding their biology. Moreover, they are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment, playing a part in the regulation of a wide variety of processes including angiogenesis, extracellular matrix transformation, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, immunosuppression, and resistance to chemotherapeutic and checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Herein, we discuss immune regulation in macrophage polarization and signaling, mechanical stresses and modulation, metabolic signaling pathways, mitochondrial and transcriptional, and epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, we have broadly extended the understanding of macrophages in extracellular traps and the essential roles of autophagy and aging in regulating macrophage functions. Moreover, we discussed recent advances in macrophages-mediated immune regulation of autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. Lastly, we discussed targeted macrophage therapy to portray prospective targets for therapeutic strategies in health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanze Chen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Abdullah F U H Saeed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital (Nanshan Hospital), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Haizhao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Critic Care Unit, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Yanhong Duo
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Liu Z, Liang Q, Ren Y, Guo C, Ge X, Wang L, Cheng Q, Luo P, Zhang Y, Han X. Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:200. [PMID: 37179335 PMCID: PMC10182360 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection susceptibility, poor vaccination efficacy, age-related disease onset, and neoplasms are linked to innate and adaptive immune dysfunction that accompanies aging (known as immunosenescence). During aging, organisms tend to develop a characteristic inflammatory state that expresses high levels of pro-inflammatory markers, termed inflammaging. This chronic inflammation is a typical phenomenon linked to immunosenescence and it is considered the major risk factor for age-related diseases. Thymic involution, naïve/memory cell ratio imbalance, dysregulated metabolism, and epigenetic alterations are striking features of immunosenescence. Disturbed T-cell pools and chronic antigen stimulation mediate premature senescence of immune cells, and senescent immune cells develop a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype that exacerbates inflammaging. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be addressed, it is well documented that senescent T cells and inflammaging might be major driving forces in immunosenescence. Potential counteractive measures will be discussed, including intervention of cellular senescence and metabolic-epigenetic axes to mitigate immunosenescence. In recent years, immunosenescence has attracted increasing attention for its role in tumor development. As a result of the limited participation of elderly patients, the impact of immunosenescence on cancer immunotherapy is unclear. Despite some surprising results from clinical trials and drugs, it is necessary to investigate the role of immunosenescence in cancer and other age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qimeng Liang
- Nephrology Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, 4500052, Henan, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ge
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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12
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Tong J, Lan XT, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Sun DY, Wang XJ, Ou-Yang SX, Zhuang CL, Shen FM, Wang P, Li DJ. Ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in mice: potential involvement of PANoptosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1014-1028. [PMID: 36323829 PMCID: PMC10104837 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death characterized by excessive iron accumulation and uncontrollable lipid peroxidation. The role of ferroptosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is not fully elucidated. In this study we compared the therapeutic effects of ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 (LPT1) and iron chelator deferiprone (DFP) in MAFLD mouse models. This model was established in mice by feeding a high-fat diet with 30% fructose in water (HFHF) for 16 weeks. The mice then received LPT1 (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) or DFP (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) for another 2 weeks. We showed that both LPT1 and DFP treatment blocked the ferroptosis markers ACSL4 and ALOX15 in MAFLD mice. Furthermore, LPT1 treatment significantly reduced the liver levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, lipid peroxidation markers 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and ameliorated the expression of lipid synthesis/oxidation genes (Pparα, Scd1, Fasn, Hmgcr and Cpt1a), insulin resistance, mitochondrial ROS content and liver fibrosis. Importantly, LPT1 treatment potently inhibited hepatic apoptosis (Bax/Bcl-xL ratio and TUNEL+ cell number), pyroptosis (cleavages of Caspase-1 and GSDMD) and necroptosis (phosphorylation of MLKL). Moreover, LPT1 treatment markedly inhibited cleavages of PANoptosis-related caspase-8 and caspase-6 in MAFLD mouse liver. In an in vitro MAFLD model, treatment with LPT1 (100 nM) prevented cultured hepatocyte against cell death induced by pro-PANoptosis molecules (TNF-α, LPS and nigericin) upon lipid stress. On the contrary, DFP treatment only mildly attenuated hepatic inflammation but failed to alleviate lipid deposition, insulin resistance, apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis in MAFLD mice. We conclude that ferroptosis inhibitor LPT1 protects against steatosis and steatohepatitis in MAFLD mice, which may involve regulation of PANoptosis, a coordinated cell death pathway that involves apoptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis. These results suggest a potential link between ferroptosis and PANoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xiu-Ting Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Di-Yang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xu-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shen-Xi Ou-Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fu-Ming Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Dong-Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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13
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He Y, Su Y, Duan C, Wang S, He W, Zhang Y, An X, He M. Emerging role of aging in the progression of NAFLD to HCC. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101833. [PMID: 36565959 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the aging of global population, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has surged in recent decades. NAFLD is a multifactorial disease that follows a progressive course, ranging from simple fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well established that aging induces pathological changes in liver and potentiates the occurrence and progression of NAFLD, HCC and other age-related liver diseases. Studies of senescent cells also indicate a pivotal engagement in the development of NAFLD via diverse mechanisms. Moreover, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), silence information regulator protein family (sirtuins), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are three vital and broadly studied targets involved in aging process and NAFLD. Nevertheless, the crucial role of these aging-associated factors in aging-related NAFLD remains underestimated. Here, we reviewed the current research on the roles of aging, cellular senescence and three aging-related factors in the evolution of NAFLD to HCC, aiming at inspiring promising therapeutic targets for aging-related NAFLD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyuan He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Su
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengcheng Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yingting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
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14
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Nevzorova YA, Weiskirchen R, Liedtke C. Mouse Models for Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrosis Initiation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2669:177-191. [PMID: 37247060 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3207-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a severe health problem worldwide with increasing incidence. However, specific drugs for treatment of hepatic fibrosis are currently not available. Accordingly, there is a strong need to conduct intensive basic research, which also includes the necessity to use animal models to evaluate new anti-fibrotic therapy concepts. Numerous mouse models of liver fibrogenesis have been described. This involves chemical, nutritional, surgical, and genetic mouse models, which involve also activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, for many investigators, it may be challenging to identify the most suitable model for a specific question on liver fibrosis research. In this chapter, we will provide a brief overview about the most common mouse models of HSC activation and liver fibrogenesis and thereafter provide detailed step-by-step protocols of two selected mouse fibrosis models based on own experience, which in our opinion are best suited to cover many current scientific issues. On the one hand, there is the classical carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) model; this model of toxic liver fibrogenesis is still one of the best suited and most reproducible models for basic features of hepatic fibrogenesis. On the other hand, we also introduce the novel DUAL model of alcohol plus metabolic/alcoholic fatty liver disease developed in our laboratory, which mimics all histological, metabolic, and transcriptomic gene signatures of human advanced steatohepatitis and related liver fibrosis. We describe all the information required for proper preparation and detailed implementation of both models including animal welfare aspects, thereby serving as a useful laboratory guide for mouse experimentation in liver fibrosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Complutense University Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institut für Molekulare Pathobiochemie, Experimentelle Gentherapie und Klinische Chemie (IFMPEGKC), Universitätsklinikum Aachen AöR, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Medicine III, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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15
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Liu J, Dan R, Zhou X, Xiang J, Wang J, Liu J. Immune senescence and periodontitis: From mechanism to therapy. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1025-1040. [PMID: 36218054 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0822-645rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent infectious inflammatory diseases, characterized by irreversible destruction of the supporting tissues of teeth, which is correlated with a greater risk of multiple systemic diseases, thus regarded as a major health concern. Dysregulation between periodontal microbial community and host immunity is considered to be the leading cause of periodontitis. Comprehensive studies have unveiled the double-edged role of immune response in the development of periodontitis. Immune senescence, which is described as age-related alterations in immune system, including a diminished immune response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, a decline in the efficiency of immune protection, and even failure in immunity build-up after vaccination, leads to the increased susceptibility to infection. Recently, the intimate relationship between immune senescence and periodontitis has come into focus, especially in the aging population. In this review, both periodontal immunity and immune senescence will be fully introduced, especially their roles in the pathology and progression of periodontitis. Furthermore, novel immunotherapies targeting immune senescence are presented to provide potential targets for research and clinical intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruichen Dan
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueman Zhou
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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16
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Abstract
Many cancers show an increase in incidence with age, and age is the biggest single risk factor for many cancers. However, the molecular basis of this relationship is poorly understood. Through a collection of review articles, our thematic issue discusses the link between aging and cancer in aspects including somatic mutations, proteostasis, mitochondria, metabolism, senescence, epigenetic regulation, immune regulation, DNA damage, and telomere function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Havas
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
| | - P. D. Adams
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery InstituteLa JollaCAUSA
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17
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Cingolani F, Liu Y, Shen Y, Wen J, Farris AB, Czaja MJ. Redundant Functions of ERK1 and ERK2 Maintain Mouse Liver Homeostasis Through Down-Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:980-994. [PMID: 34936222 PMCID: PMC9035584 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 promotes hepatocyte proliferation in response to growth stimuli, but whether constitutive hepatocyte ERK1/2 signaling functions in liver physiology is unknown. To examine the role of ERK1/2 in hepatic homeostasis, the effects of a knockout of Erk1 and/or Erk2 in mouse liver were examined. The livers of mice with a global Erk1 knockout or a tamoxifen-inducible, hepatocyte-specific Erk2 knockout were normal. In contrast, Erk1/2 double-knockout mice developed hepatomegaly and hepatitis by serum transaminases, histology, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling, and assays of hepatic inflammation. Liver injury was associated with biochemical evidence of cholestasis with increased serum and hepatic bile acids and led to hepatic fibrosis and mortality. RNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction analysis of double-knockout mouse livers revealed that the rate-limiting bile acid synthesis gene Cyp7a1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) was up-regulated in concert with decreased expression of the transcriptional repressor short heterodimer partner. Elevated bile acids were the mechanism of liver injury, as bile acid reduction by SC-435, an inhibitor of the ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, prevented liver injury. Conclusion: Constitutive ERK1 and ERK2 signaling has a redundant but critical physiological function in the down-regulation of hepatic bile acid synthesis to maintain normal liver homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cingolani
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Yang Shen
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Jing Wen
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Alton B. Farris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Mark J. Czaja
- Division of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
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18
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Tsukahara Y, Ferran B, Minetti ET, Chong BSH, Gower AC, Bachschmid MM, Matsui R. Administration of Glutaredoxin-1 Attenuates Liver Fibrosis Caused by Aging and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:867. [PMID: 35624731 PMCID: PMC9138033 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a sign of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression towards steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis and is accelerated by aging. Glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx) controls redox signaling by reversing protein S-glutathionylation, induced by oxidative stress, and its deletion causes fatty liver in mice. Although Glrx regulates various pathways, including metabolism and apoptosis, the impact of Glrx on liver fibrosis has not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the role of Glrx in liver fibrosis induced by aging or by a high-fat, high-fructose diet. We found that: (1) upregulation of Glrx expression level inhibits age-induced hepatic apoptosis and liver fibrosis. In vitro studies indicate that Glrx regulates Fas-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes; (2) diet-induced NASH leads to reduced expression of Glrx and higher levels of S-glutathionylated proteins in the liver. In the NASH model, hepatocyte-specific adeno-associated virus-mediated Glrx overexpression (AAV-Hep-Glrx) suppresses fibrosis and apoptosis and improves liver function; (3) AAV-Hep-Glrx significantly inhibits transcription of Zbtb16 and negatively regulates immune pathways in the NASH liver. In conclusion, the upregulation of Glrx is a potential therapeutic for the reversal of NASH progression by attenuating inflammatory and fibrotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tsukahara
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Beatriz Ferran
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Erika T. Minetti
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Brian S. H. Chong
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Adam C. Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Markus M. Bachschmid
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Reiko Matsui
- Vascular Biology Section, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (Y.T.); (B.F.); (E.T.M.); (B.S.H.C.); (M.M.B.)
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19
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Kumar P, Liu Y, Shen Y, Maher JJ, Cingolani F, Czaja MJ. Mouse liver injury induces hepatic macrophage FGF23 production. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264743. [PMID: 35231062 PMCID: PMC8887750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a bone marrow cell produced hormone that functions in the intestine and kidney to regulate phosphate homeostasis. Increased serum FGF23 is a well-established predictor of mortality in renal disease, but recent findings linking increased levels to hepatic and cardiac diseases have suggested that other organs are sources of FGF23 or targets of its effects. The potential ability of the liver to produce FGF23 in response to hepatocellular injury was therefore examined. Very low levels of Fgf23 mRNA and FGF23 protein were detected in normal mouse liver, but the amounts increased markedly during acute liver injury from the hepatotoxin carbon tetrachloride. Serum levels of intact FGF23 were elevated during liver injury from carbon tetrachloride. Chronic liver injury induced by a high fat diet or elevated bile acids also increased hepatic FGF23 levels. Stimulation of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-driven inflammation by gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) underlies many forms of liver injury, and LPS induced Fgf23 in the liver as well as in other organs. The LPS-inducible cytokines IL-1β and TNF increased hepatic Fgf23 expression as did a TLR2 agonist Pam2CSK3. Analysis of Fgf23 expression and FGF23 secretion in different hepatic cell types involved in liver injury identified the resident liver macrophage or Kupffer cell as a source of hepatic FGF23. LPS and cytokines selectively induced the hormone in these cells but not in hepatocytes or hepatic stellate cells. FGF23 failed to exert any autocrine effect on the inflammatory state of Kupffer cells but did trigger proinflammatory activation of hepatocytes. During liver injury inflammatory factors induce Kupffer cell production of FGF23 that may have a paracrine proinflammatory effect on hepatocytes. Liver-produced FGF23 may have systemic hormonal effects as well that influence diseases in in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yang Shen
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn J. Maher
- Department of Medicine and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Francesca Cingolani
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Czaja
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Meadows V, Baiocchi L, Kundu D, Sato K, Fuentes Y, Wu C, Chakraborty S, Glaser S, Alpini G, Kennedy L, Francis H. Biliary Epithelial Senescence in Liver Disease: There Will Be SASP. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:803098. [PMID: 34993234 PMCID: PMC8724525 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.803098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a pathophysiological phenomenon in which proliferative cells enter cell cycle arrest following DNA damage and other stress signals. Natural, permanent DNA damage can occur after repetitive cell division; however, acute stress or other injuries can push cells into premature senescence and eventually a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In recent years, there has been increased evidence for the role of premature senescence in disease progression including diabetes, cardiac diseases, and end-stage liver diseases including cholestasis. Liver size and function change with aging, and presumably with increasing cellular senescence, so it is important to understand the mechanisms by which cellular senescence affects the functional nature of the liver in health and disease. As well, cells in a SASP state secrete a multitude of inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic factors that modulate the microenvironment. Cellular SASP and the associated, secreted factors have been implicated in the progression of liver diseases, such as cholestatic injury that target the biliary epithelial cells (i.e., cholangiocytes) lining the bile ducts. Indeed, cholangiocyte senescence/SASP is proposed to be a driver of disease phenotypes in a variety of liver injuries. Within this review, we will discuss the impact of cholangiocyte senescence and SASP in the pathogenesis of cholestatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vik Meadows
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Keisaku Sato
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yessenia Fuentes
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, STEM GEHCS Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Heather Francis
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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21
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Metabolic and physical function are improved with lifelong 15% calorie restriction in aging male mice. Biogerontology 2022; 23:741-755. [PMID: 36315375 PMCID: PMC9722841 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09996-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic calorie restriction (CR) results in lengthened lifespan and reduced disease risk. Many previous studies have implemented 30-40% calorie restriction to investigate these benefits. The goal of our study was to investigate the effects of calorie restriction, beginning at 4 months of age, on metabolic and physical changes induced by aging. Male C57BL/6NCrl calorie restricted and ad libitum fed control mice were obtained from the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and studied at 10, 18, 26, and 28 months of age to better understand the metabolic changes that occur in response to CR in middle age and advanced age. Food intake was measured in ad libitum fed controls to assess the true degree of CR (15%) in these mice. We found that 15% CR decreased body mass and liver triglyceride content, improved oral glucose clearance, and increased all limb grip strength in 10- and 18-month-old mice. Glucose clearance in ad libitum fed 26- and 28-month-old mice is enhanced relative to younger mice but was not further improved by CR. CR decreased basal insulin concentrations in all age groups and improved insulin sensitivity and rotarod time to fall in 28-month-old mice. The results of our study demonstrate that even a modest reduction (15%) in caloric intake may improve metabolic and physical health. Thus, moderate calorie restriction may be a dietary intervention to promote healthy aging with improved likelihood for adherence in human populations.
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22
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Mishra A, Mirzaei H, Guidi N, Vinciguerra M, Mouton A, Linardic M, Rappa F, Barone R, Navarrete G, Wei M, Brandhorst S, Di Biase S, Morgan TE, Ram Kumar S, Conti PS, Pellegrini M, Bernier M, de Cabo R, Longo VD. Fasting-mimicking diet prevents high-fat diet effect on cardiometabolic risk and lifespan. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1342-1356. [PMID: 34650272 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here, we show that a 5-d fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), administered every 4 weeks for a period of 2 years, ameliorates the detrimental changes caused by consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie diet (HFCD) in female mice. We demonstrate that monthly FMD cycles inhibit HFCD-mediated obesity by reducing the accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous fat without causing loss of lean body mass. FMD cycles increase cardiac vascularity and function and resistance to cardiotoxins, prevent HFCD-dependent hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and hyperleptinaemia and ameliorate impaired glucose and insulin tolerance. The effect of monthly FMD cycles on gene expression associated with mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis in adipocytes and the sustained ketogenesis in HFCD-fed mice indicate a role for fat cell reprogramming in obesity prevention. These effects of an FMD on adiposity and cardiac ageing could explain the protection from HFCD-dependent early mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Mishra
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Novella Guidi
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Mouton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marina Linardic
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gerardo Navarrete
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stefano Di Biase
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Ram Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter S Conti
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
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23
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Yu H, Jiang X, Dong F, Zhang F, Ji X, Xue M, Yang F, Chen J, Hu X, Bao Z. Lipid accumulation-induced hepatocyte senescence regulates the activation of hepatic stellate cells through the Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112689. [PMID: 34107274 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. Elderly individuals are at a higher risk of developing NAFLD with severe clinical outcomes. Although NAFLD is closely related to liver aging, the role of hepatocyte senescence in the progression of NAFLD, especially in the development of fibrosis, is still unclear. The early stage of NAFLD is mainly characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which could lead to severe oxidative stress, causing cellular senescence. In the present study, hepatocytes cultured in the presence of free fatty acids to induce lipid deposition were used as a hepatocyte senescence model in vitro. Senescent hepatocytes significantly increased the activation of co-cultured primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the expression of pro-fibrosis molecules. Moreover, the antioxidant regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that was upregulated in senescent hepatocytes was found to be related to the activation of co-cultured HSCs. The Nrf2 agonist sulforaphane, which upregulated the transcriptional activity of the Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, remarkably inhibited hepatocyte senescence and its activation effect on HSCs. However, the liver tissue obtained from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice with Nrf2 knockdown showed decreased antioxidation and significant liver senescence and fibrosis. In conclusion, this study confirmed that lipid accumulation induces hepatocyte senescence, which leads to HSC activation and development of hepatic fibrosis. Increasing the activity of the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway in senescent hepatocytes elicited the opposite effect, suggesting that targeting Nrf2 may prevent or delay the progression of aging-related liver fibrosis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangyuan Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueying Ji
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjuan Xue
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaona Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhijun Bao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Gerontology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Shanghai, China; Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Moreno-Fernandez ME, Sharma V, Stankiewicz TE, Oates JR, Doll JR, Damen MSMA, Almanan MATA, Chougnet CA, Hildeman DA, Divanovic S. Aging mitigates the severity of obesity-associated metabolic sequelae in a gender independent manner. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:15. [PMID: 34099626 PMCID: PMC8184786 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding gender-associated bias in aging and obesity-driven metabolic derangements has been hindered by the inability to model severe obesity in female mice. METHODS Here, using chow- or high fat diet (HFD)-feeding regimens at standard (TS) and thermoneutral (TN) housing temperatures, the latter to model obesity in female mice, we examined the impact of gender and aging on obesity-associated metabolic derangements and immune responsiveness. Analysis included quantification of: (i) weight gain and adiposity; (ii) the development and severity of glucose dysmetabolism and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); and (iii) induction of inflammatory pathways related to metabolic dysfunction. RESULTS We show that under chow diet feeding regimen, aging was accompanied by increased body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in a gender independent manner. HFD feeding regimen in aged, compared to young, male mice at TS, resulted in attenuated glucose dysmetabolism and hepatic steatosis. However, under TS housing conditions only aged, but not young, HFD fed female mice developed obesity. At TN however, both young and aged HFD fed female mice developed severe obesity. Independent of gender or housing conditions, aging attenuated the severity of metabolic derangements in HFD-fed obese mice. Tempered severity of metabolic derangements in aged mice was associated with increased splenic frequency of regulatory T (Treg) cells, Type I regulatory (Tr1)-like cells and circulating IL-10 levels and decreased vigor of HFD-driven induction of inflammatory pathways in adipose and liver tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that aging-associated altered immunological profile and inflammatory vigor may play a dominant role in the attenuation of obesogenic diet-driven metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Vishakha Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Traci E Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jarren R Oates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Jessica R Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Maha A T A Almanan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
- Center for Transplant Immunology, and Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA.
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25
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Jiang D, Zhang J, Lin S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Fan J. Prolyl Endopeptidase Gene Disruption Improves Gut Dysbiosis and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Induced by a High-Fat Diet. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628143. [PMID: 34095107 PMCID: PMC8172602 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-liver axis is increasingly recognized as being involved in the pathogenesis and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) plays a role in gut metabolic homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases. We investigated the role of PREP disruption in the crosstalk between gut flora and hepatic steatosis or inflammation in mice with NAFLD. Wild-type mice (WT) and PREP gene knocked mice (PREPgt) were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 or 24 weeks. Murine gut microbiota profiles were generated at 16 or 24 weeks. Liver lipogenesis-associated molecules and their upstream mediators, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1), were detected using RT-PCR or western blot in all mice. Inflammatory triggers and mediators from the gut or infiltrated inflammatory cells and signal mediators, such as p-ERK and p-p65, were determined. We found that PREP disruption modulated microbiota composition and altered the abundance of several beneficial bacteria such as the butyrate-producing bacteria in mice fed a HFD for 16 or 24 weeks. The level of butyrate in HFD-PREPgt mice significantly increased compared with that of the HFD-WT mice at 16 weeks. Interestingly, PREP disruption inhibited p-ERK and p-p65 and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in response to endotoxin and proline-glycine-proline, which guided macrophage/neutrophil infiltration in mice fed a HFD for 24 weeks. However, at 16 weeks, PREP disruption, other than regulating hepatic inflammation, displayed improved liver lipogenesis and AMPK/SIRT1 signaling. PREP disruption may target multiple hepatic mechanisms related to the liver, gut, and microbiota, displaying a dynamic role in hepatic steatosis and inflammation during NAFLD. PREP might serve as a therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daixi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangzhe Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Peng H, Xie X, Pan X, Zheng J, Zeng Y, Cai X, Hu Z, Peng XE. Association of meat consumption with NAFLD risk and liver-related biochemical indexes in older Chinese: a cross-sectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:221. [PMID: 34001005 PMCID: PMC8127290 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease and an unhealthy lifestyle can lead to an increased risk of NAFLD. The present study aims to evaluate the association of meat consumption with NAFLD risk and liver-related biochemical indexes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in individuals who were 45 years or older and underwent a physical examination from April 2015 to August 2017 in Southeast China. To evaluate associations between meat intake and NAFLD risk, inverse probability of treatment weighting and subgroup analyses were performed with logistic regressions. Spearman’s rank correlation was carried out to examine the relationship between meat consumptions and liver-related biochemical indexes. Results High consumptions of red meat (28.44–49.74 and > 71.00 g/day) (ORadjusted = 1.948; P < 0.001; ORadjusted = 1.714; P = 0.002) was positively associated with NAFLD risk on inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis, adjusting for smoking, tea intake, weekly hours of physical activity and presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. Exposure–response relationship analysis presented that red meat intake was positively associated with NAFLD risk. Significant associations of red meat intakes with serum levels of γ-glutamyl transferase, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, total triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found (rs = 0.176; P < 0.001; rs = 0.128; P < 0.001; rs = 0.060; P = 0.016; rs = 0.085; P = 0.001; rs = − 0.074; P = 0.003). Conclusions These findings suggest that the reduction of meat consumption may decrease NAFLD risk and should warrant further investigations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-021-01688-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hewei Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinting Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-E Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.
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27
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A Combination of Geniposide and Chlorogenic Acid Combination Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice by Inhibiting Kupffer Cell Activation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6615881. [PMID: 34095305 PMCID: PMC8140849 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing worldwide. Activation of Kupffer cells (KCs) is central to the development of diet-induced NASH. We investigated whether a combination of two active chemical components, geniposide and chlorogenic acid (GC), at a specific ratio (67 : 1), ameliorates diet-induced NASH and the underlying mechanisms involved. C57BL/6J mice exposed to a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet containing cholesterol, choline, and high-sugar drinking water, as well as RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were studied. The combination exerted a therapeutic effect on HFHC-induced NASH in mice. Simultaneously, GC was found to reduce the expression of cytokines secreted by hepatic macrophages, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Moreover, GC reduced the number of KCs expressing F4/80. Furthermore, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α protein expression levels were suppressed upon GC treatment in RAW264.7 cells. Our findings suggest that GC has a strong anti-inflammatory effect in NASH, and this effect can be attributed to the suppression of KC activity in the liver.
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28
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Chung KW. Advances in Understanding of the Role of Lipid Metabolism in Aging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040880. [PMID: 33924316 PMCID: PMC8068994 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, body adiposity increases with changes in the metabolism of lipids and their metabolite levels. Considering lipid metabolism, excess adiposity with increased lipotoxicity leads to various age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the multifaceted nature and complexities of lipid metabolism make it difficult to delineate its exact mechanism and role during aging. With advances in genetic engineering techniques, recent studies have demonstrated that changes in lipid metabolism are associated with aging and age-related diseases. Lipid accumulation and impaired fatty acid utilization in organs are associated with pathophysiological phenotypes of aging. Changes in adipokine levels contribute to aging by modulating changes in systemic metabolism and inflammation. Advances in lipidomic techniques have identified changes in lipid profiles that are associated with aging. Although it remains unclear how lipid metabolism is regulated during aging, or how lipid metabolites impact aging, evidence suggests a dynamic role for lipid metabolism and its metabolites as active participants of signaling pathways and regulators of gene expression. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of lipid metabolism in aging, including established findings and recent approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46214, Korea
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29
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Duong L, Radley HG, Lee B, Dye DE, Pixley FJ, Grounds MD, Nelson DJ, Jackaman C. Macrophage function in the elderly and impact on injury repair and cancer. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:4. [PMID: 33441138 PMCID: PMC7805172 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Older age is associated with deteriorating health, including escalating risk of diseases such as cancer, and a diminished ability to repair following injury. This rise in age-related diseases/co-morbidities is associated with changes to immune function, including in myeloid cells, and is related to immunosenescence. Immunosenescence reflects age-related changes associated with immune dysfunction and is accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation or inflammageing. This is characterised by increased levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. However, in healthy ageing, there is a concomitant age-related escalation in anti-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and IL-10, which may overcompensate to regulate the pro-inflammatory state. Key inflammatory cells, macrophages, play a role in cancer development and injury repair in young hosts, and we propose that their role in ageing in these scenarios may be more profound. Imbalanced pro- and anti-inflammatory factors during ageing may also have a significant influence on macrophage function and further impact the severity of age-related diseases in which macrophages are known to play a key role. In this brief review we summarise studies describing changes to inflammatory function of macrophages (from various tissues and across sexes) during healthy ageing. We also describe age-related diseases/co-morbidities where macrophages are known to play a key role, focussed on injury repair processes and cancer, plus comment briefly on strategies to correct for these age-related changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Duong
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - H G Radley
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - B Lee
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D E Dye
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - F J Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M D Grounds
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - D J Nelson
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C Jackaman
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Kent Street, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
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30
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and therapies of liver fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107791. [PMID: 33321113 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a dynamic wound-healing process associated with the deposition of extracellular matrix produced by myofibroblasts. HSCs activation, inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis and aging play critical roles in the progression of liver fibrosis, which is correlated with the regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway. As nuclear receptors, PPARs reduce inflammatory response, regulate lipid metabolism, and inhibit fibrogenesis in the liver associated with aging. Thus, PPAR ligands have been investigated as possible therapeutic agents. Mounting evidence indicated that some PPAR agonists could reverse steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Consequently, targeting PPARs might be a promising and novel therapeutic option against liver fibrosis. This review summarizes recent studies on the role of PPARs on the pathogenesis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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31
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Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of fatty liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:73-91. [PMID: 33268887 PMCID: PMC7852578 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the two major types of chronic liver disease worldwide. Inflammatory processes play key roles in the pathogeneses of fatty liver diseases, and continuous inflammation promotes the progression of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although both ALD and NAFLD are closely related to inflammation, their respective developmental mechanisms differ to some extent. Here, we review the roles of multiple immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets related to the inflammation associated with fatty liver diseases and the differences in the progression of ASH and NASH. Multiple cell types in the liver, including macrophages, neutrophils, other immune cell types and hepatocytes, are involved in fatty liver disease inflammation. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and complement also contribute to the inflammatory process, as does intertissue crosstalk between the liver and the intestine, adipose tissue, and the nervous system. We point out that inflammation also plays important roles in promoting liver repair and controlling bacterial infections. Understanding the complex regulatory process of disrupted homeostasis during the development of fatty liver diseases may lead to the development of improved targeted therapeutic intervention strategies.
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Leonardi BF, Gosmann G, Zimmer AR. Modeling Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rodents. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000249. [PMID: 32978870 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Standardized animal models represent one of the most valuable tools available to understand the mechanism underlying the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to seek for new therapeutic strategies. However, there is considerable variability in the studies conducted with this essential purpose. This review presents an updated discussion of the most recent studies using diverse experimental conditions to induce MetS in rodents with unbalanced diets, discusses the key findings in metabolic outcomes, and critically evaluates what we have been learned from them and how to advance in the field. The study includes scientific reports sourced from the Web of Science and PubMed databases, published between January 2013 and June 2020, which used hypercaloric diets to induce metabolic disorders, and address the impact of the diet on metabolic parameters. The collected data are used as support to discuss variables such as sex, species, and age of the animals, the most favorable type of diet, and the ideal diet length to generate metabolic changes. The experimental characteristics propose herein improve the performance of a preclinical model that resembles the human MetS and will guide researchers to investigate new therapeutic alternatives with confidence and higher translational validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca F Leonardi
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Grace Gosmann
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline R Zimmer
- Phytochemistry and Organic Synthesis Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 2752 Ipiranga avenue, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
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Shen Y, Malik SA, Amir M, Kumar P, Cingolani F, Wen J, Liu Y, Zhao E, Farris AB, Raeman R, Czaja MJ. Decreased Hepatocyte Autophagy Leads to Synergistic IL-1β and TNF Mouse Liver Injury and Inflammation. Hepatology 2020; 72:595-608. [PMID: 32108953 PMCID: PMC8114460 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β has been implicated in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis. How IL-1β promotes liver injury in these diseases is unclear, as no IL-1β receptor-linked death pathway has been identified. Autophagy functions in hepatocyte resistance to injury and death, and findings of decreased hepatic autophagy in many liver diseases suggest a role for impaired autophagy in disease pathogenesis. Recent findings that autophagy blocks mouse liver injury from lipopolysaccharide led to an examination of autophagy's function in hepatotoxicity from proinflammatory cytokines. APPROACH AND RESULTS AML12 cells with decreased autophagy from a lentiviral autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) knockdown were resistant to toxicity from TNF, but sensitized to death from IL-1β, which was markedly amplified by TNF co-treatment. IL-1β/TNF death was necrosis by trypan blue and propidium iodide positivity, absence of mitochondrial death pathway and caspase activation, and failure of a caspase inhibitor or necrostatin-1s to prevent death. IL-1β/TNF depleted autophagy-deficient cells of ATP, and ATP depletion and cell death were prevented by supplementation with the energy substrate pyruvate or oleate. Pharmacological inhibitors and genetic knockdown studies demonstrated that IL-1β/TNF-induced necrosis resulted from lysosomal permeabilization and release of cathepsins B and L in autophagy-deficient cells. Mice with a tamoxifen-inducible, hepatocyte-specific Atg5 knockout were similarly sensitized to cathepsin-dependent hepatocellular injury and death from IL-1β/TNF in combination, but neither IL-1β nor TNF alone. Knockout mice had increased hepatic inflammation, and IL-1β/TNF-treated, autophagy-deficient AML12 cells secreted exosomes with proinflammatory damage-associated molecular patterns. CONCLUSIONS The findings delineate mechanisms by which decreased hepatocyte autophagy promotes IL-1β/TNF-induced necrosis from impaired energy homeostasis and lysosomal permeabilization and inflammation through the secretion of exosomal damage-associated molecular patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shoaib Ahmad Malik
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA;,Department of Biochemistry, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amir
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Francesca Cingolani
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jing Wen
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Yunshan Liu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Enpeng Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Alton B. Farris
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Reben Raeman
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mark J. Czaja
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Heinz A. Elastases and elastokines: elastin degradation and its significance in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:252-273. [PMID: 32530323 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1768208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elastin is an important protein of the extracellular matrix of higher vertebrates, which confers elasticity and resilience to various tissues and organs including lungs, skin, large blood vessels and ligaments. Owing to its unique structure, extensive cross-linking and durability, it does not undergo significant turnover in healthy tissues and has a half-life of more than 70 years. Elastin is not only a structural protein, influencing the architecture and biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, but also plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Bioactive elastin peptides termed elastokines - in particular those of the GXXPG motif - occur as a result of proteolytic degradation of elastin and its non-cross-linked precursor tropoelastin and display several biological activities. For instance, they promote angiogenesis or stimulate cell adhesion, chemotaxis, proliferation, protease activation and apoptosis. Elastin-degrading enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, serine proteases and cysteine proteases slowly damage elastin over the lifetime of an organism. The destruction of elastin and the biological processes triggered by elastokines favor the development and progression of various pathological conditions including emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and cancer. This review gives an overview on types of human elastases and their action on human elastin, including the formation, structure and biological activities of elastokines and their role in common biological processes and severe pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heinz
- Department of Pharmacy, LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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35
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Amir M, Yu M, He P, Srinivasan S. Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:62. [PMID: 32175323 PMCID: PMC7056867 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents a continuum of excessive hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. It is a growing epidemic in the United States of America and worldwide. Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to morbidity and mortality due to complications such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is centered on increased hepatic lipogenesis and decreased hepatic lipolysis in the setting of hepatic and systemic insulin resistance. Adipose tissue and hepatic inflammation can further perpetuate the severity of illness. Currently there are no approved therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Most of the drugs being explored for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease focus on classical pathogenic pathways surrounding hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation or fibrosis. Studies have demonstrated that the autonomic nervous system innervating the liver plays a crucial role in regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis, inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, there is growing evidence that neurotrophic factors can modulate all stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Both the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors are altered in patients and murine models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we focus on the pathophysiological role of the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors that could be potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Yu
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
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Yu S, Wang Z, Ding L, Yang L. The regulation of TFEB in lipid homeostasis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Molecular mechanism and promising therapeutic targets. Life Sci 2020; 246:117418. [PMID: 32057899 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by disruption of lipid homeostasis, has been the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. However, currently there is no effective therapy for NAFLD. Consequently, it is extremely urgent to explore the specific and effective target functioned as lipids regulator during the pathological process of NAFLD for the drug development. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays a crucial role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis through linking autophagy to energy metabolism at the transcriptional level. In this review, we summarize the currently available information regarding the mediation of TFEB in lipid metabolism during the pathological process of NAFLD, and the specific regulatory mechanism of TFEB activity. We further recapitulate TFEB as a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD, primarily through the regulation of lipid homeostasis, energy metabolism as well as immune defense. A better understanding of these key issues will be helpful to promote the development of therapeutic agents which specifically target TFEB to halt or reverse the pathological progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Papatheodoridi AM, Chrysavgis L, Koutsilieris M, Chatzigeorgiou A. The Role of Senescence in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2020; 71:363-374. [PMID: 31230380 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, cellular senescence has generated a lot of interest among researchers because of its involvement in both the normal aging process and common human diseases. During senescence, cells undergo alterations that include telomere shortening, nuclear area enlargement, and genomic and mitochondrial DNA damage, leading to irreversible cell cycle arrest, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Evidence suggests that the complex process of senescence is involved in the development of a plethora of chronic diseases including metabolic and inflammatory disorders and tumorigenesis. Recently, several human and animal studies have emphasized the involvement of senescence in the pathogenesis and development of liver steatosis including the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as characterized by the additional emergence of inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and liver fibrosis. The development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to NASH are commonly accompanied by several pathophysiological events including metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory phenomena occurring within the liver that may contribute to or derive from cellular senescence, implying that the latter may be both a stimulus and a consequence of the disease. Conclusion: In this review, we summarize the current literature on the impact of cellular senescence in NAFLD/NASH and discuss the effectiveness and safety of novel senolytic drugs and therapeutic options available to delay or treat the disease. Finally, we identify the open questions and issues to be addressed in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lampros Chrysavgis
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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38
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Alpha-syntrophin deficiency protects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated increase of macrophages, CD8 + T-cells and galectin-3 in the liver. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 113:104363. [PMID: 31881201 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by immune cell infiltration. Loss of the scaffold protein alpha-syntrophin (SNTA) protected mice from hepatic inflammation in the methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet model. Here, we determined increased numbers of macrophages and CD8+ T-cells in MCD diet induced NASH liver of wild type mice. In the mutant animals these NASH associated changes in immune cell composition were less pronounced. Further, there were more γδ T-cells in the NASH liver of the null mice. Galectin-3 protein in the hepatic non-parenchymal cell fraction was strongly induced in MCD diet fed wild type but not mutant mice. Antioxidant enzymes declined in NASH liver with no differences between the genotypes. To identify the target cells responsive to SNTA loss in-vitro experiments were performed. In the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2, SNTA did not regulate pro-fibrotic or antioxidant proteins like alpha-smooth muscle actin or catalase. Soluble galectin-3 was, however, reduced upon SNTA knock-down and increased upon SNTA overexpression. SNTA deficiency neither affected cell proliferation nor cell death of LX-2 cells. In the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 low SNTA indeed caused higher galectin-3 production whereas release of TNF and cell viability were normal. Moreover, SNTA had no effect on hepatocyte chemerin and CCL2 expression. Overall, SNTA loss improved NASH without causing major effects in macrophage, hepatocyte and hepatic stellate cell lines. SNTA null mice fed the MCD diet had less body weight loss and this seems to contribute to improved liver health of the mutant mice.
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39
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Bloomer SA, Moyer ED, Brown KE, Kregel KC. Aging results in accumulation of M1 and M2 hepatic macrophages and a differential response to gadolinium chloride. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:37-48. [PMID: 31691025 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have vital roles in innate immunity by modulating the inflammatory response via their ability to alter their phenotype from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2). Aging increases activation of the innate immune system, and macrophage numbers increase in the aged liver. Since macrophages also produce free radical molecules, they are a potential source of age-related oxidative injury in the liver. This study evaluated macrophage phenotype in the aged liver and whether the increase in the number of macrophages with aging is associated with enhanced hepatic oxidative stress. Hepatic macrophage phenotype and oxidative stress were evaluated 2 days after a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or gadolinium chloride (GdCl3, 10 mg/kg) in young (6 months) and aged (24 months) Fischer 344 rats. GdCl3 has been shown to decrease the expression of macrophage-specific markers and impair macrophage phagocytosis in the liver. Saline-treated aged rats demonstrated greater numbers of both M1 (HO-1+/iNOS+) and M2 (HO-1+/CD163+) macrophages, without evidence of a phenotypic shift. GdCl3 did not alter levels of dihydroethidium fluorescence or malondialdehyde, suggesting that macrophages are not a major contributor to steady-state levels of oxidative stress. However, GdCl3 decreased M1 and M2 macrophage markers in both age groups, an effect that was attenuated in aged rats. In old animals, GdCl3 decreased iNOS expression to a greater extent than HO-1 or CD163. These results suggest a novel effect of aging on macrophage biology and that GdCl3 shifts hepatic macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Bloomer
- Division of Science and Engineering, Penn State University, Abington College, 1600 Woodland Rd., Abington, PA, 19001, USA.
| | - Eric D Moyer
- Division of Science and Engineering, Penn State University, Abington College, 1600 Woodland Rd., Abington, PA, 19001, USA
| | - Kyle E Brown
- Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Program in Free Radical and Radiation Biology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kevin C Kregel
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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Han X, Bao X, Lou Q, Xie X, Zhang M, Zhou S, Guo H, Jiang G, Shi Q. Nicotinamide riboside exerts protective effect against aging-induced NAFLD-like hepatic dysfunction in mice. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7568. [PMID: 31523515 PMCID: PMC6717504 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Aging is one of the risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Yet, the mechanism underlying the aging-associated NAFLD-like syndrome is not fully understood. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a ubiquitous coenzyme, has protective effects against aging. Here, we investigated the actions of NAD precursors nicotinamide riboside (NR) on the development of aging-induced NAFLD. Methods NR supplemented food (2.5 g/kg food) was applied to aged mice for three months while normal chow to the other groups. Body weight, food intake, liver weight and fat pat mass were measured. The serum concentrations of lipid content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and NAD were determined by biochemical assays. Pathological assessment and immunohistochemistry analysis of hepatic tissues were used to evaluate the effect of NR on NAFLD development and inflammatory infiltration. Results NR repletion significantly reduced fat pat mass in aged mice, while not altered the body weight, food intake, and liver weight. NR repletion significantly rescued the NAD reduction in aged mice. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels could be lowered by NR repletion in aged mice. The AST level was also significantly reduced by NR repletion in aged group, while the ALT level lowered but without significance. Notably, moderate NAFLD phenotypes, including steatosis and hepatic fibrosis could be markedly corrected by NR repletion. In addition, Kupffer cells accumulated and inflammatory infiltration could also be remarkably reversed by NR repletion in aged mice. Conclusion Aging was associated with NAFLD-like phenotypes in mice, which could be reversed by oral NR repletion. Therefore, oral NR uptake might be a promising strategy to halt the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaogang Bao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Lou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xian Xie
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shasang Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Honggang Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guojun Jiang
- Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiaojuan Shi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Lee DH, Jung YY, Park MH, Jo MR, Han SB, Yoon DY, Roh YS, Hong JT. Peroxiredoxin 6 Confers Protection Against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Maintaining Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:387-402. [PMID: 31007045 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which has been suggested in several studies to link with mitochondrial function. However, the mechanistic role of ROS-mediated regulation of mitochondrial function in NAFLD has not been elucidated. Since peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) is the only member of the antioxidant PRDX family that translocates to damaged mitochondria, we investigated the PRDX6-mediated antisteatotic mechanism using genetically modified mice and cells. Results: PRDX6 mice were more protective to lipid accumulation, liver injury, and insulin resistance after a high-fat diet. Mechanistically, PRDX6 is required for induction of mitochondrial antioxidant action and beta-oxidation through maintaining mitochondrial integrity and subsequently prevents ROS-induced lipogenesis. Interestingly, oxidative stress-induced Notch signaling was suppressed in PRDX6 mice compared with wild-type mice, and genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling improved lipid accumulation. Finally, PRDX knockdown or Notch inhibition reduced induction of mitophagy. PRDX6 antagonizes positive feedback loop between lipid accumulation and ROS production through regulation of mitochondrial function. Innovation: For the first time, we demonstrate that PRDX6 maintains mitochondria integrity under oxidative stress and protects against NAFLD progression by inhibition of Notch signaling. Conclusion: This study describes a novel molecular mechanism underlying the antisteatotic activity of PRDX6, which may be a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hun Lee
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Yu Yeon Jung
- 2 Department of Dental Hygiene, Gwangyang Health Sciences University, Gwangyang, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Jo
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sang Bae Han
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Do Young Yoon
- 3 Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- 1 College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Department of Pharmacy Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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Abstract
Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is regarded as a chronic inflammatory lung disease, the disease mechanism is still not known. Intriguingly, aging lungs are quite similar to COPD-affected lungs in many ways, and COPD has been viewed as a disease of accelerated premature aging of the lungs. In this paper, based on a literature review, we would like to propose immunosenescence, age-associated decline in immunity, as a critical mechanism for the development of COPD. Immunosenescence can cause a low-grade, systemic inflammation described as inflammaging. This inflammaging may be directly involved in the COPD pathogenesis. The potential contributors to the development of inflammaging in the lungs possibly leading to COPD are discussed in the review paper. A notable fact about COPD is that only 15% to 20% of smokers develop clinically significant COPD. Given that there is a substantial inter-individual variation in inflammaging susceptibility, which is genetically determined and significantly affected by the history of the individual's exposure to pathogens, immunosenescence and inflammaging may also provide the answer for this unexpectedly low susceptibility of smokers to clinically significant COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Kyung Cho
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, International Healthcare Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ilyas G, Cingolani F, Zhao E, Tanaka K, Czaja MJ. Decreased Macrophage Autophagy Promotes Liver Injury and Inflammation from Alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1403-1413. [PMID: 30964198 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One mechanism underlying the development of alcoholic liver disease is overactivation of the innate immune response. Recent investigations indicate that the lysosomal pathway of autophagy down-regulates the inflammatory state of hepatic macrophages, suggesting that macrophage autophagy may regulate innate immunity in alcoholic liver disease. The function of macrophage autophagy in the development of alcoholic liver disease was examined in studies employing mice with a myeloid-specific decrease in autophagy. METHODS Littermate control and Atg5Δmye mice lacking Atg5-dependent myeloid autophagy were administered a Lieber-DeCarli control (CD) or ethanol diet (ED) alone or together with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and examined for the degree of liver injury and inflammation. RESULTS Knockout mice with decreased macrophage autophagy had equivalent steatosis but increased mortality and liver injury from ED alone. Increased liver injury and hepatocyte death also occurred in Atg5Δmye mice administered ED and LPS in association with systemic inflammation as indicated by elevated serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Hepatic macrophage and neutrophil infiltration were unaffected by decreased autophagy, but levels of proinflammatory cytokine gene induction were significantly increased in the livers but not adipose tissue of knockout mice treated with ED and LPS. Inflammasome activation was increased in ED/LPS-treated knockout mice resulting in elevated interleukin (IL)-1β production. Increased IL-1β promoted alcoholic liver disease as liver injury was decreased by the administration of an IL-1 receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage autophagy functions to prevent liver injury from alcohol. This protection is mediated in part by down-regulation of inflammasome-dependent and inflammasome-independent hepatic inflammation. Therapies to increase autophagy may be effective in this disease through anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Ilyas
- Department of Medicine , Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Francesca Cingolani
- Department of Medicine , Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Enpeng Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Tanaka
- Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Mark J Czaja
- Department of Medicine , Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Chen J, Bian D, Zang S, Yang Z, Tian G, Luo Y, Yang J, Xu B, Shi J. The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer incident and recurrence: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:385-395. [PMID: 30791768 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1580143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Lifestyle modification plays a key role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and colorectal adenoma and/or cancer (CRA/CRC) development. However, the association between NAFLD and the risk of CRA/CRC has not been carefully evaluated. METHODS In this meta-analysis, we assessed 21 eligible studies including 124,206 participants to determine the association between NAFLD and the risk of incident and recurrent CRA/CRC. RESULTS NAFLD presence was associated with an increased risk of any incident CRA (aOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.19-1.43) and advanced incident CRA/CRC (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.21-2.04). The severity of NAFLD affected this correlation: compared to mild and/or moderate NAFLD, severe NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of incident CRA/CRC (aOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.33-3.60). Although pooled cOR revealed that NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of recurrent CRA/CRC (cOR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.12-2.68), after adjustment for confounding factors, NAFLD had less correlation with the risk of recurrent CRA/CRC (aOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 0.70-4.65). CONCLUSIONS The presence and severity of NAFLD are associated with an increased risk of incident CRA/CRC. However, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of recurrent CRA/CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- a Department of Postgraduates , Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Dongxue Bian
- b Department of Digestive Disease , Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Yancheng , Jiangsu , China
| | - Shufei Zang
- c Department of Endocrinology , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Zongxing Yang
- d Department of Infectious Disease , Hangzhou Xixi hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Guoyan Tian
- e Department of Transformation Medical platform , Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yan Luo
- e Department of Transformation Medical platform , Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jing Yang
- e Department of Transformation Medical platform , Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Beibei Xu
- f Department of Postgraduates , China Medical University , Shenyang , Liaoning , China
| | - Junping Shi
- g Department of Liver Diseases , Hangzhou Normal University Affiliated Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
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The role of macrophages in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 16:145-159. [PMID: 30482910 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its inflammatory and often progressive subtype nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are becoming the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, and a primary indication for liver transplantation. The pathophysiology of NASH is multifactorial and not yet completely understood; however, innate immunity is a major contributing factor in which liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and recruited macrophages play a central part in disease progression. In this Review, we assess the evidence for macrophage involvement in the development of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in NASH. In this process, not only the polarization of liver macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype is important, but adipose tissue macrophages, especially in the visceral compartment, also contribute to disease severity and insulin resistance. Macrophage activation is mediated by factors such as endotoxins and translocated bacteria owing to increased intestinal permeability, factors released from damaged or lipoapoptotic hepatocytes, as well as alterations in gut microbiota and defined nutritional components, including certain free fatty acids, cholesterol and their metabolites. Reflecting the important role of macrophages in NASH, we also review studies investigating drugs that target macrophage recruitment to the liver, macrophage polarization and their inflammatory effects as potential treatment options for patients with NASH.
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Havighorst A, Zhang Y, Farmaki E, Kaza V, Chatzistamou I, Kiaris H. Differential regulation of the unfolded protein response in outbred deer mice and susceptibility to metabolic disease. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.037242. [PMID: 30733237 PMCID: PMC6398494 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been causatively linked to the onset of various pathologies. However, whether and how inherent variations in the resulting unfolded protein response (UPR) affect predisposition to ER-stress-associated metabolic conditions remains to be established. By using genetically diverse deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) as a model, we show that the profile of tunicamycin-induced UPR in fibroblasts isolated at puberty varies between individuals and predicts deregulation of lipid metabolism and diet-induced hepatic steatosis later in life. Among the different UPR targets tested, CHOP (also known as Ddit3) more consistently predicted elevated plasma cholesterol and hepatic steatosis. Compared with baseline levels or inducibility, the maximal intensity of the UPR following stimulation best predicts the onset of pathology. Differences in the expression profile of the UPR recorded in cells from different populations of deer mice correlate with the varying response to ER stress in altitude adaptation. Our data suggest that the response to ER stress in cultured cells varies among individuals, and its profile early in life might predict the onset of ER-stress-associated disease in the elderly. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: By using genetically diverse deer mice, we show that the expression of different chaperones is highly coordinated in individual animals and its profile predicts the onset of metabolic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Havighorst
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-3402, USA
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-3402, USA
| | - Elena Farmaki
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-3402, USA
| | - Vimala Kaza
- Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-3402, USA
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-3402, USA
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-3402, USA .,Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208-3402, USA
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47
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Moretto J, Girard C, Demougeot C. The role of arginase in aging: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2019; 116:54-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sousa-Victor P, Neves J, Cedron-Craft W, Ventura PB, Liao CY, Riley RR, Soifer I, van Bruggen N, Kolumam GA, Villeda SA, Lamba DA, Jasper H. MANF regulates metabolic and immune homeostasis in ageing and protects against liver damage. Nat Metab 2019; 1:276-290. [PMID: 31489403 PMCID: PMC6727652 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-018-0023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by altered intercellular communication, deregulated metabolic function, and inflammation. Interventions that restore a youthful state delay or reverse these processes, prompting the search for systemic regulators of metabolic and immune homeostasis. Here we identify MANF, a secreted stress-response protein with immune modulatory properties, as an evolutionarily conserved regulator of systemic and in particular liver metabolic homeostasis. We show that MANF levels decline with age in flies, mice and humans, and MANF overexpression extends lifespan in flies. MANF deficient flies exhibit enhanced inflammation and shorter lifespans, and MANF heterozygous mice exhibit inflammatory phenotypes in various tissues, as well as progressive liver damage, fibrosis, and steatosis. We show that immune cell-derived MANF protects against liver inflammation and fibrosis, while hepatocyte-derived MANF prevents hepatosteatosis. Liver rejuvenation by heterochronic parabiosis in mice further depends on MANF, while MANF supplementation ameliorates several hallmarks of liver aging, prevents hepatosteatosis induced by diet, and improves age-related metabolic dysfunction. Our findings identify MANF as a systemic regulator of homeostasis in young animals, suggesting a therapeutic application for MANF in age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Sousa-Victor
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Joana Neves
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Cedron-Craft
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - P Britten Ventura
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Liao
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Rebeccah R Riley
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Ilya Soifer
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Saul A Villeda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deepak A Lamba
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Taketani H, Nishikawa T, Nakajima H, Kodo K, Sugimoto S, Aoi W, Horike SI, Meguro-Horike M, Ishiba H, Seko Y, Umemura A, Yamaguchi K, Moriguchi M, Yasui K, Itoh Y. Aging-associated impairment in metabolic compensation by subcutaneous adipose tissue promotes diet-induced fatty liver disease in mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:1473-1492. [PMID: 31692556 PMCID: PMC6711723 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s214093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, and its progression is associated with aging-associated impairment in metabolic homeostasis. Recently, energy metabolism in adipose tissue has been the subject of renewed interest, because significant energy expenditure can be induced in cells derived from white adipose tissue progenitors, in addition to brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here we evaluated whether aging-associated change in various adipose tissue depots affects the progression of NAFLD. METHODS Six-week-old male C57BL/6NCrSlc mice were fed control chow (C) or high-fat diet (60% fat; HF) for 12 or 24 weeks (12w/C, 12w/HF, 24w/C and 24w/HF groups, respectively) or switched from C to HF diet at 18 weeks of age (24w/C/HF group) and fed for a further 24 weeks. Some 24w/HF mice received a subcutaneous transplantation of adipose progenitors (106 cells/mouse) from young donor mice. Basal energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, and liver and adipose tissue histology were then evaluated. In addition, features of senescence and the capacity of adipose progenitors to "brown" were compared in mice of various ages. RESULTS 12w/HF mice demonstrated compensation in the forms of hypertrophy of interscapular classical BAT and the appearance of subcutaneous beige adipocytes, consistent with improved metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, 24w/HF and 24w/C/HF mice developed obesity, glucose intolerance, and severe NAFLD, with accelerated senescence and loss of adipose progenitors in subcutaneous fat tissues. Recruitment of adipose progenitors ameliorated these findings in 24w/HF mice. CONCLUSION Impaired metabolic compensation in adipose tissue resulted in the progression of NAFLD, which was associated with aging-related deterioration in adipose progenitors. A new approach targeting adipose tissue progenitors might represent a potential strategy for the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Taketani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taichiro Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Correspondence: Taichiro NishikawaKyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachidouri Hirokouji Agaru, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto602-8566, JapanTel +81 75 251 5519Fax +81 75 251 1017Email
| | - Hisakazu Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kodo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Horike
- Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Ishiba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohichiroh Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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50
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Stahl EC, Haschak MJ, Popovic B, Brown BN. Macrophages in the Aging Liver and Age-Related Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2795. [PMID: 30555477 PMCID: PMC6284020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals aged 65 or older is projected to increase globally from 524 million in 2010 to nearly 1. 5 billion in 2050. Aged individuals are particularly at risk for developing chronic illness, while being less able to regenerate healthy tissue and tolerate whole organ transplantation procedures. In the liver, these age-related diseases include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Hepatic macrophages, a population comprised of both Kupffer cells and infiltrating monocyte derived macrophages, are implicated in several chronic liver diseases and also play important roles in the homeostatic functions of the liver. The effects of aging on hepatic macrophage population dynamics, polarization, and function are not well understood. Studies performed on macrophages derived from other aged sources, such as the bone marrow, peritoneal cavity, lungs, and brain, demonstrate general reductions in autophagy and phagocytosis, dysfunction in cytokine signaling, and altered morphology and distribution, likely mediated by epigenetic changes and mitochondrial defects, that may be applicable to hepatic macrophages. This review highlights recent findings in macrophage developmental biology and function, particularly in the liver, and discusses the role of macrophages in various age-related liver diseases. A better understanding of the biology of aging that influences hepatic macrophages and thus the progression of chronic liver disease will be crucial in order to develop new interventions and treatments for liver disease in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Stahl
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Martin J Haschak
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Branimir Popovic
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bryan N Brown
- Department of Bioengineering, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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