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Bao P, Wang X, Zhang X, Yu Y, Ma Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Liu X, Gong P, Zhang N, Lee SO, Li X, Li J. Clonorchis sinensis aggravated liver fibrosis by activating PARP-1 signaling to induce parthanatos via DNA damage. Vet Parasitol 2024; 330:110217. [PMID: 38861911 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that is highly associated with liver fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of C. sinensis, especially liver fibrosis, could help us develop novel strategies for controlling clonorchiasis. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) can induce cellular parthanatos which is reported to be involved in liver fibrosis. Currently, whether C. sinensis could activate PARP-1 signaling to induce parthanatos or whether parthanatos play a role in C. sinensis-induced liver fibrosis is not clear. In the present study, the expression of PARP-1 and parthanatos indicators were detected in C. sinensis-infected mouse liver and in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HiBEpiCs) incubated with excretory/secretory products (ESPs) of C. sinensis. To explore the role of PARP-1 in C. sinensis infection, PARP-1 inhibitor NMS-P118 was used to block PARP-1 expression in vivo and vitro. The mortality rate, body weight, worm load, liver and bile duct lesions as well as PARP-1 and parthanatos indicators in C57BL/6 mice infected with C. sinensis, or in HiBEpiCs incubated with C. sinensis ESPs and NMS-P118 were analyzed and compared to the group without NMS-P118. The results showed that C. sinensis infection induced the activation of PARP-1 signaling as well as the translocation of AIF and MIF into the nucleus in mouse liver. ESPs of C. sinensis could induce PARP-1 up-regulation, ATP depletion and DNA damage in HiBEpiCs, indicating that C. sinensis could induce parthanatos. Inhibiting PARP-1 with NMS-P118 significantly reduced liver fibrosis and the number of larvae, increased the survival rate and body weight gain of the mice infected with C. sinensis. In addition, NMS-P118 decreased the expression of PARP-1 and alleviated ATP depletion as well as DNA damage in HiBEpiCs incubated with ESPs of C. sinensis. Our data indicated that C. sinensis and its ESPs could activate PARP-1 signaling to induce cellular parthanatos. NMS-P118 treatment alleviated liver fibrosis and promoted survival of the mice by inhibiting PARP-1, which suggested that PARP-1 could be used as a potential therapeutic target against clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglin Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yanhui Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yeting Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yuru Wang
- College of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Pengtao Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Soon-Ok Lee
- Department of Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Jeppesen TE, Shao T, Chen J, Patel JS, Zhou X, Kjaer A, Liang SH. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-targeted PET imaging in non-oncology application: a pilot study in preclinical models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2024; 14:41-47. [PMID: 38500745 PMCID: PMC10944370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation often indicates a disruptive signal to lipid metabolism, the physiological alteration of which may be implicated in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of [68Ga]DOTA-PARPi PET to detect hepatic PARP expression in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) for a 12-week period to establish preclinical NASH models. [68Ga]DOTA-PARPi PET imaging of the liver was conducted at the 12-week mark after CDAHFD feeding. Comprehensive histopathological analysis, covering hepatic steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, along with blood biochemistry, was performed in both NASH models and control groups. Despite the induction of severe inflammation, steatosis and fibrosis in the liver of mice with the CDAHFD-NASH model, PET imaging of NASH with [68Ga]-DOTA-PARPi did not reveal a significantly higher uptake in NASH models compared to the control. This underscores the necessity for further development of new chelator-based PARP1 tracers with high binding affinity to enable the visualization of PARP1 changes in NASH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels E Jeppesen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - RigshospitaletCopenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuo Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
- Division of Liver Center and Gastrointestinal, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jimmy S Patel
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - RigshospitaletCopenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, USA
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3
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Wei L, Li X, Yao Y, Wang S, Ai X, Liu S. Study on the molecular mechanism of dihydromyricetin in alleviating liver cirrhosis based on network pharmacology. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14421. [PMID: 38230771 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Hovenia dulcis, which has various activities. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of dihydromyricetin (DHM) in relieving liver cirrhosis was investigated through network pharmacology and experimental verification. The cell model was induced by TGF-β1 activating the human hepatic stellate cell line (HSC; LX-2). The protein levels of α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III and pathway-related proteins within LX-2 cells were detected using Western blot. EdU staining was conducted to detect cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression levels of α-SMA and collagen I. Next, the drug targets of DHM were screened from the PubChem database. The differentially expressed genes in the liver cirrhosis dataset GSE14323 were identified. The expression of the identified drug targets in LX-2 cells was verified using qRT-PCR. The results showed that TGF-β1 treatment notably increased LX-2 cell viability, promoted cell proliferation, and elevated α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III protein contents. DHM treatment could partially eliminate TGF-β1 effects, as evidenced by the inhibited cell viability and proliferation and reduced α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III contents. After network pharmacology analysis, nine differentially expressed target genes (MMP2, PDGFRB, PARP1, BCL2L2, ABCB1, TYR, CYP2E1, SQSTM1, and IL6) in liver cirrhosis were identified. According to qRT-PCR verification, DHM could inhibit the expression of MMP2, PDGFRB, PARP1, CYP2E1, SQSTM1, and IL6, and enhance ABCB1 expression levels within LX-2 cells. Moreover, DHM inhibited mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways in TGF-β1-induced HSCs. In conclusion, DHM could inhibit HSC activation, which may be achieved via acting on MMP2, PDGFRB, PARP1, CYP2E1, SQSTM1, IL6, and ABCB1 genes and their downstream signaling pathways, including mTOR and MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wei
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of biology and food engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of biology and food engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinghui Ai
- College of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Shenggui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of biology and food engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, Hunan, China
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Karpova Y, Orlicky DJ, Schmidt EE, Tulin AV. Disrupting Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating Pathway Creates Premalignant Conditions in Mammalian Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17205. [PMID: 38139034 PMCID: PMC10743425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health concern, representing one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Despite various treatment options, the prognosis for HCC patients remains poor, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the factors contributing to HCC development. This study investigates the role of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in hepatocyte maturation and its impact on hepatobiliary carcinogenesis. A conditional Parg knockout mouse model was employed, utilizing Cre recombinase under the albumin promoter to target Parg depletion specifically in hepatocytes. The disruption of the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating pathway in hepatocytes affects the early postnatal liver development. The inability of hepatocytes to finish the late maturation step that occurs early after birth causes intensive apoptosis and acute inflammation, resulting in hypertrophic liver tissue with enlarged hepatocytes. Regeneration nodes with proliferative hepatocytes eventually replace the liver tissue and successfully fulfill the liver function. However, early developmental changes predispose these types of liver to develop pathologies, including with a malignant nature, later in life. In a chemically induced liver cancer model, Parg-depleted livers displayed a higher tendency for hepatocellular carcinoma development. This study underscores the critical role of the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ating pathway in hepatocyte maturation and highlights its involvement in liver pathologies and hepatobiliary carcinogenesis. Understanding these processes may provide valuable insights into liver biology and liver-related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslava Karpova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Edward E. Schmidt
- Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA;
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Lewis Hall, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
- Redox Biology Laboratory, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexei V. Tulin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
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Zeng HH, Ma M, Wang YL, Chen MH, Huang DB. Hyperoside attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis via the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1-high mobility group protein 1 pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 960:176178. [PMID: 37923159 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in hepatic fibrosis. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are among the pharmacological effects of hyperoside. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of hyperoside on hepatic fibrosis and elucidate the underlying processes that perpetuate this relationship. The findings indicated that hyperoside significantly protects mouse livers against damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. Specifically, attenuation of hepatic fibrosis is associated with lower expression of HMGB1 protein and reduced expression of Toll-like receptor 4, PARP-1, and nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB) p65 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, hyperoside inhibited the cytoplasmic translocation of HMGB1 and nuclear localization of NF-κB p65 in the hepatic tissues of mice. The results of this study indicate that hyperoside may impose a blocking or reversing effect on hepatic fibrosis; additionally, the corresponding hyperoside-dependent mechanism may be linked to PARP-1-HMGB1 pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Zeng
- Health Science Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - M Ma
- Health Science Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - Y L Wang
- Health Science Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - M H Chen
- Health Science Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - D B Huang
- Health Science Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China.
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6
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Jiang M, Huizenga MCW, Wirt JL, Paloczi J, Amedi A, van den Berg RJBHN, Benz J, Collin L, Deng H, Di X, Driever WF, Florea BI, Grether U, Janssen APA, Hankemeier T, Heitman LH, Lam TW, Mohr F, Pavlovic A, Ruf I, van den Hurk H, Stevens AF, van der Vliet D, van der Wel T, Wittwer MB, van Boeckel CAA, Pacher P, Hohmann AG, van der Stelt M. A monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor showing therapeutic efficacy in mice without central side effects or dependence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8039. [PMID: 38052772 PMCID: PMC10698032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) regulates endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and eicosanoid signalling. MAGL inhibition provides therapeutic opportunities but clinical potential is limited by central nervous system (CNS)-mediated side effects. Here, we report the discovery of LEI-515, a peripherally restricted, reversible MAGL inhibitor, using high throughput screening and a medicinal chemistry programme. LEI-515 increased 2-AG levels in peripheral organs, but not mouse brain. LEI-515 attenuated liver necrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in a CCl4-induced acute liver injury model. LEI-515 suppressed chemotherapy-induced neuropathic nociception in mice without inducing cardinal signs of CB1 activation. Antinociceptive efficacy of LEI-515 was blocked by CB2, but not CB1, antagonists. The CB1 antagonist rimonabant precipitated signs of physical dependence in mice treated chronically with a global MAGL inhibitor (JZL184), and an orthosteric cannabinoid agonist (WIN55,212-2), but not with LEI-515. Our data support targeting peripheral MAGL as a promising therapeutic strategy for developing safe and effective anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam C W Huizenga
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jonah L Wirt
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute of Health/NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Avand Amedi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Joerg Benz
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Collin
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Di
- Metabolomics and analytics center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter F Driever
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bogdan I Florea
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Uwe Grether
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonius P A Janssen
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Metabolomics and analytics center, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Florian Mohr
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anto Pavlovic
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iris Ruf
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna F Stevens
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Daan van der Vliet
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Matthias B Wittwer
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute of Health/NIAAA, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, Leiden, Netherlands.
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Arif M, Matyas C, Mukhopadhyay P, Yokus B, Trojnar E, Paloczi J, Paes-Leme B, Zhao S, Lohoff FW, Haskó G, Pacher P. Data-driven transcriptomics analysis identifies PCSK9 as a novel key regulator in liver aging. GeroScience 2023; 45:3059-3077. [PMID: 37726433 PMCID: PMC10643490 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver, as a crucial metabolic organ, undergoes significant pathological changes during the aging process, which can have a profound impact on overall health. To gain a comprehensive understanding of these alterations, we employed data-driven approaches, along with biochemical methods, histology, and immunohistochemistry techniques, to systematically investigate the effects of aging on the liver. Our study utilized a well-established rat aging model provided by the National Institute of Aging. Systems biology approaches were used to analyze genome-wide transcriptomics data from liver samples obtained from young (4-5 months old) and aging (20-21 months old) Fischer 344 rats. Our findings revealed pathological changes occurring in various essential biological processes in aging livers. These included mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative/nitrative stress, decreased NAD + content, impaired amino acid and protein synthesis, heightened inflammation, disrupted lipid metabolism, enhanced apoptosis, senescence, and fibrosis. These results were validated using independent datasets from both human and rat aging studies. Furthermore, by employing co-expression network analysis, we identified novel driver genes responsible for liver aging, confirmed our findings in human aging subjects, and pointed out the cellular localization of the driver genes using single-cell RNA-sequencing human data. Our study led to the discovery and validation of a liver-specific gene, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), as a potential therapeutic target for mitigating the pathological processes associated with aging in the liver. This finding envisions new possibilities for developing interventions aimed to improve liver health during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Section On Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Burhan Yokus
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eszter Trojnar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bruno Paes-Leme
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- Section On Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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8
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Uhlig M, Hein M, Habigt MA, Tolba RH, Braunschweig T, Helmedag MJ, Arici M, Theißen A, Klinkenberg A, Klinge U, Mechelinck M. Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Following Bile Duct Ligation in Rats-A Matter of Time? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098147. [PMID: 37175858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhotic patients often suffer from cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM). Previous animal models of CCM were inconsistent concerning the time and mechanism of injury; thus, the temporal dynamics and cardiac vulnerability were studied in more detail. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) and a second surgery 28 days later. Cardiac function was assessed by conductance catheter and echocardiography. Histology, gene expression, and serum parameters were analyzed. A chronotropic incompetence (Pd31 < 0.001) and impaired contractility at rest and a reduced contractile reserve (Pd31 = 0.03, Pdob-d31 < 0.001) were seen 31 days after BDL with increased creatine (Pd35, Pd42, and Pd56 < 0.05) and transaminases (Pd31 < 0.001). A total of 56 days after BDL, myocardial fibrosis was seen (Pd56 < 0.001) accompanied by macrophage infiltration (CD68: Pgroup < 0.001) and systemic inflammation (TNFα: Pgroup < 0.001, white blood cell count: Pgroup < 0.001). Myocardial expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) was increased after 31 (Pd31 < 0.001) and decreased after 42 (Pd42 < 0.001) and 56 days (Pd56 < 0.001). Caspase-3 expression was increased 31 and 56 days after BDL (Pd31 = 0.005; Pd56 = 0.005). Structural changes in the myocardium were seen after 8 weeks. After the second surgery (second hit), transient myocardial insufficiency with secondary organ dysfunction was seen, characterized by reduced contractility and contractile reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Uhlig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Hein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Moriz A Habigt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - René H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius J Helmedag
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Theißen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Klinge
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mare Mechelinck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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9
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Beltrà M, Pöllänen N, Fornelli C, Tonttila K, Hsu MY, Zampieri S, Moletta L, Corrà S, Porporato PE, Kivelä R, Viscomi C, Sandri M, Hulmi JJ, Sartori R, Pirinen E, Penna F. NAD + repletion with niacin counteracts cancer cachexia. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1849. [PMID: 37012289 PMCID: PMC10070388 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a debilitating wasting syndrome and highly prevalent comorbidity in cancer patients. It manifests especially with energy and mitochondrial metabolism aberrations that promote tissue wasting. We recently identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) loss to associate with muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer hosts. In this study we confirm that depletion of NAD+ and downregulation of Nrk2, an NAD+ biosynthetic enzyme, are common features of severe cachexia in different mouse models. Testing NAD+ repletion therapy in cachectic mice reveals that NAD+ precursor, vitamin B3 niacin, efficiently corrects tissue NAD+ levels, improves mitochondrial metabolism and ameliorates cancer- and chemotherapy-induced cachexia. In a clinical setting, we show that muscle NRK2 is downregulated in cancer patients. The low expression of NRK2 correlates with metabolic abnormalities underscoring the significance of NAD+ in the pathophysiology of human cancer cachexia. Overall, our results propose NAD+ metabolism as a therapy target for cachectic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Beltrà
- Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Noora Pöllänen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Fornelli
- Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Kialiina Tonttila
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Myriam Y Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CIR-MYO Myology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Moletta
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Study Centre for Neurodegeneration, University of Padova (CESNE), Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Fabio Penna
- Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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10
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Huang H, Wei S, Wu X, Zhang M, Zhou B, Huang D, Dong W. Dihydrokaempferol attenuates CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting PARP-1 to affect multiple downstream pathways and cytokines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 464:116438. [PMID: 36841340 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanism of hepatic fibrosis (HF) is related to the excessive activation of the DNA repair enzyme poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1). The drugs, targeting PARP-1, are scarce. Therefore, the lead compound, moderately inhibiting PARP-1, with anti-HF properties should be identified. This study screened dihydrokaempferol (DHK) from herbs based on preliminary studies to intervene in a CCl4-induced liver injury and HF model in mice. In vitro, the expression levels of PARP-1-regulated related proteins and phosphorylation were examined. The binding pattern of DHK and PARP-1 was analyzed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics platforms. The results showed that DHK could significantly attenuate CCl4-induced liver injury and HF in mice. Moreover, it could also attenuate the toxic effects of CCl4 on HepG2 and inhibit α-SMA and Collagen 1/3 synthesis of LX-2 cells in-vitro. Molecular docking revealed that DHK could competitively bind to the Glu-988 and His-862 residues of the upstream DNA repair enzyme PARP-1, moderately inhibiting its overactivation. This led to maintaining NAD+ levels and energy metabolism in hepatocytes and inhibiting the activation of PARP-1-regulated downstream signaling pathways (TGF-β1, etc.), related proteins (p-Smd2/3, etc.), and inflammatory mediators while acting indirectly. Thus, DHK could attenuate CCl4-induced liver injury and HF in mice in a different mechanism from those of the existing reported flavonoids. It was associated with inhibiting the expression of downstream pathways and related cytokines by competitively binding to PARP-1. This study might provide a basis and direction for the design and exploration of anti-HF lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hancheng Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuchun Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengke Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Debin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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11
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Genetic Predisposition to Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010035. [PMID: 36676960 PMCID: PMC9864136 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the genetically susceptible F344 and resistant BN rats cluster, respectively, with human HCC with better (HCCB) and poorer prognosis (HCCP); therefore, they represent a valid model to study the molecular alterations determining the genetic predisposition to HCC and the response to therapy. The ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of ERK-inhibitor DUSP1, which characterizes HCC progression, favors the unrestrained ERK activity. DUSP1 represents a valuable prognostic marker, and ERK, CKS1, or SKP2 are potential therapeutic targets for human HCC. In DN (dysplastic nodule) and HCC of F344 rats and human HCCP, DUSP1 downregulation and ERK1/2 overexpression sustain SKP2-CKS1 activity through FOXM1, the expression of which is associated with a susceptible phenotype. SAM-methyl-transferase reactions and SAM/SAH ratio are regulated by GNMT. In addition, GNMT binds to CYP1A, PARP1, and NFKB and PREX2 gene promoters. MYBL2 upregulation deregulates cell cycle and induces the progression of premalignant and malignant liver. During HCC progression, the MYBL2 transcription factor positively correlates with cells proliferation and microvessel density, while it is negatively correlated to apoptosis. Hierarchical supervised analysis, regarding 6132 genes common to human and rat liver, showed a gene expression pattern common to normal liver of both strains and BN nodules, and a second pattern is observed in F344 nodules and HCC of both strains. Comparative genetics studies showed that DNs of BN rats cluster with human HCCB, while F344 DNs and HCCs cluster with HCCP.
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12
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The Role of DNA Damage and Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112292. [PMID: 36421478 PMCID: PMC9687113 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) increases yearly due to ineffective treatment. Given that the lung is exposed to the external environment, it is likely that oxidative stress, especially the stimulation of DNA, would be of particular importance in pulmonary fibrosis. DNA damage is known to play an important role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis initiation, so DNA repair systems targeting damage are also crucial for the survival of lung cells. Although many contemporary reports have summarized the role of individual DNA damage and repair pathways in their hypotheses, they have not focused on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This review, therefore, aims to provide a concise overview for researchers to understand the pathways of DNA damage and repair and their roles in IPF.
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13
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Wang Y, Hamang M, Culver A, Jiang H, Yanum J, Garcia V, Lee J, White E, Kusumanchi P, Chalasani N, Liangpunsakul S, Yaden BC, Dai G. Activin B promotes the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2812-2826. [PMID: 35866567 PMCID: PMC9512478 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of activin B, a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily cytokine, in liver health and disease is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate whether activin B modulates liver fibrogenesis. Liver and serum activin B, along with its analog activin A, were analyzed in patients with liver fibrosis from different etiologies and in mouse acute and chronic liver injury models. Activin B, activin A, or both was immunologically neutralized in mice with progressive or established carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver fibrosis. Hepatic and circulating activin B was increased in human patients with liver fibrosis caused by several liver diseases. In mice, hepatic and circulating activin B exhibited persistent elevation following the onset of several types of liver injury, whereas activin A displayed transient increases. The results revealed a close correlation of activin B with liver injury regardless of etiology and species. Injured hepatocytes produced excessive activin B. Neutralizing activin B largely prevented, as well as improved, CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis, which was augmented by co-neutralizing activin A. Mechanistically, activin B mediated the activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and the maintenance of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) expression in injured livers. Moreover, activin B directly induced a profibrotic expression profile in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and stimulated these cells to form a septa structure. Conclusions: We demonstrate that activin B, cooperating with activin A, mediates the activation or expression of JNK, iNOS, and PARP1 and the activation of HSCs, driving the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Matthew Hamang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alexander Culver
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Huaizhou Jiang
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Yanum
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Veronica Garcia
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joonyong Lee
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Emily White
- College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Benjamin C Yaden
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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14
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Hurtado-Navarro L, Angosto-Bazarra D, Pelegrín P, Baroja-Mazo A, Cuevas S. NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis in Liver Pathophysiology: The Emerging Relevance of Nrf2 Inducers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050870. [PMID: 35624734 PMCID: PMC9137763 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes, particularly the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, apparently serve as crucial regulators of the inflammatory response through the activation of Caspase-1 and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and pyroptotic cell death. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death mediated by Caspase-1 cleavage of Gasdermin D and the insertion of its N-terminal fragment into the plasma membrane, where it forms pores, enabling the release of different pro-inflammatory mediators. Pyroptosis is considered not only a pro-inflammatory pathway involved in liver pathophysiology but also an important pro-fibrotic mediator. Diverse molecular mechanisms linking oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and the progression of liver pathologies have been documented. Numerous studies have indicated the protective effects of several antioxidants, with the ability to induce nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity on liver inflammation and fibrosis. In this review, we have summarised recent studies addressing the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of various hepatic diseases, highlighting the potential application of Nrf2 inducers in the prevention of pyroptosis as liver protective compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hurtado-Navarro
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
| | - Diego Angosto-Bazarra
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-868-885-039 (A.B.-M.); +34-868-885-031 (S.C.)
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (L.H.-N.); (D.A.-B.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.-M.); (S.C.); Tel.: +34-868-885-039 (A.B.-M.); +34-868-885-031 (S.C.)
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15
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Yang Y, Huang Y, Zeng Z. Advances in cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:800393. [PMID: 35186921 PMCID: PMC8851069 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.800393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens can produce conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) after invading the body, which can be specifically recognized by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In recent years, it has been found that cytoplasmic DNA receptors recognize exogenous DNA inducing activation of interferon 1 (IFN1), which is a rapid advance in various research areas. The cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling pathway is a critical natural immune pathway in cells. Early studies revealed that it plays a crucial regulatory role in pathogen infection and tumor, and it is associated with various human autoimmune diseases. Recently studies have found that activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway is related to different organ injuries. The present review elaborates on the regulation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway and its role in various diseases, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for immunotherapy targeting this pathway.
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16
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Kumar V, Kumar A, Mir KUI, Yadav V, Chauhan SS. Pleiotropic role of PARP1: an overview. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:3. [PMID: 34926116 PMCID: PMC8643375 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) protein is encoded by the PARP1 gene located on chromosome 1 (1q42.12) in human cells. It plays a crucial role in post-translational modification by adding poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) groups to various proteins and PARP1 itself by utilizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) as a substrate. Since the discovery of PARP1, its role in DNA repair and cell death has been its identity. This is evident from an overwhelmingly high number of scientific reports in this regard. However, PARP1 also plays critical roles in inflammation, metabolism, tumor development and progression, chromatin modification and transcription, mRNA stability, and alternative splicing. In the present study, we attempted to compile all the scattered scientific information about this molecule, including the structure and multifunctional role of PARP1 in cancer and non-cancer diseases, along with PARP1 inhibitors (PARPis). Furthermore, for the first time, we have classified PARP1-mediated cell death for ease of understanding its role in cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Kumar
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Khursheed Ul Islam Mir
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Yadav
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Singh Chauhan
- grid.413618.90000 0004 1767 6103Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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17
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PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 84:101117. [PMID: 34450194 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PARPs and tankyrases (TNKS) represent a family of 17 proteins. PARPs and tankyrases were originally identified as DNA repair factors, nevertheless, recent advances have shed light on their role in lipid metabolism. To date, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrases, PARP9, PARP10, PARP14 were reported to have multi-pronged connections to lipid metabolism. The activity of PARP enzymes is fine-tuned by a set of cholesterol-based compounds as oxidized cholesterol derivatives, steroid hormones or bile acids. In turn, PARPs modulate several key processes of lipid homeostasis (lipotoxicity, fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis, lipoprotein homeostasis, fatty acid oxidation, etc.). PARPs are also cofactors of lipid-responsive nuclear receptors and transcription factors through which PARPs regulate lipid metabolism and lipid homeostasis. PARP activation often represents a disruptive signal to (lipid) metabolism, and PARP-dependent changes to lipid metabolism have pathophysiological role in the development of hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type II diabetes and its complications, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular aging and skin pathologies, just to name a few. In this synopsis we will review the evidence supporting the beneficial effects of pharmacological PARP inhibitors in these diseases/pathologies and propose repurposing PARP inhibitors already available for the treatment of various malignancies.
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18
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Sierra B, Magalhães AC, Soares D, Cavadas B, Perez AB, Alvarez M, Aguirre E, Bracho C, Pereira L, Guzman MG. Multi-Tissue Transcriptomic-Informed In Silico Investigation of Drugs for the Treatment of Dengue Fever Disease. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081540. [PMID: 34452405 PMCID: PMC8402662 DOI: 10.3390/v13081540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomics, proteomics and pathogen-host interactomics data are being explored for the in silico–informed selection of drugs, prior to their functional evaluation. The effectiveness of this kind of strategy has been put to the test in the current COVID-19 pandemic, and it has been paying off, leading to a few drugs being rapidly repurposed as treatment against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several neglected tropical diseases, for which treatment remains unavailable, would benefit from informed in silico investigations of drugs, as performed in this work for Dengue fever disease. We analyzed transcriptomic data in the key tissues of liver, spleen and blood profiles and verified that despite transcriptomic differences due to tissue specialization, the common mechanisms of action, “Adrenergic receptor antagonist”, “ATPase inhibitor”, “NF-kB pathway inhibitor” and “Serotonin receptor antagonist”, were identified as druggable (e.g., oxprenolol, digoxin, auranofin and palonosetron, respectively) to oppose the effects of severe Dengue infection in these tissues. These are good candidates for future functional evaluation and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sierra
- Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine (IPK), Havana 11400, Cuba; (B.S.); (A.B.P.); (M.A.); (E.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Ana Cristina Magalhães
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (D.S.); (B.C.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Soares
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (D.S.); (B.C.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (D.S.); (B.C.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana B. Perez
- Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine (IPK), Havana 11400, Cuba; (B.S.); (A.B.P.); (M.A.); (E.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Mayling Alvarez
- Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine (IPK), Havana 11400, Cuba; (B.S.); (A.B.P.); (M.A.); (E.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Eglis Aguirre
- Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine (IPK), Havana 11400, Cuba; (B.S.); (A.B.P.); (M.A.); (E.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Claudia Bracho
- Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine (IPK), Havana 11400, Cuba; (B.S.); (A.B.P.); (M.A.); (E.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Luisa Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (A.C.M.); (D.S.); (B.C.)
- IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-22-607-4900
| | - Maria G. Guzman
- Virology Department, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and its Vector, Pedro Kourí Institute of Tropical Medicine (IPK), Havana 11400, Cuba; (B.S.); (A.B.P.); (M.A.); (E.A.); (C.B.); (M.G.G.)
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19
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Henderson J, O'Reilly S. The emerging role of metabolism in fibrosis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:639-653. [PMID: 34024695 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic shift that cancer cells undergo towards aerobic glycolysis was identified as a defining feature in tumours almost 100 years ago; however, it has only recently become apparent that similar metabolic reprogramming is a key feature in other diseases - with fibrosis now entering the fray. In this perspective, an overview of the recent evidence implicating increased glycolysis and glutaminolysis as mediators of fibrosis is presented, with a particular emphasis on the novel therapeutic possibilities this introduces. Furthermore, the impact that metabolic reprogramming has on redox homeostasis is discussed, providing an insight into how this often-overlooked mechanism may drive the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Henderson
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. steven.o'
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20
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Aragón-Herrera A, Feijóo-Bandín S, Moraña-Fernández S, Anido-Varela L, Roselló-Lletí E, Portolés M, Tarazón E, Lage R, Moscoso I, Barral L, Bani D, Bigazzi M, Gualillo O, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F. Relaxin has beneficial effects on liver lipidome and metabolic enzymes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21737. [PMID: 34143495 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002620rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Relaxin is an insulin-like hormone with pleiotropic protective effects in several organs, including the liver. We aimed to characterize its role in the control of hepatic metabolism in healthy rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with human recombinant relaxin-2 for 2 weeks. The hepatic metabolic profile was analyzed using UHPLC-MS platforms. Hepatic gene expression of key enzymes of desaturation (Fads1/Fads2) of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) N-methyltransferase (Pemt), of fatty acid translocase Cd36, and of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi) were quantified by Real Time-PCR. Activation of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was analyzed by Western Blot. Relaxin-2 significantly modified the hepatic levels of 19 glycerophospholipids, 2 saturated (SFA) and 1 monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids (FA), 3 diglycerides, 1 sphingomyelin, 2 aminoacids, 5 nucleosides, 2 nucleotides, 1 carboxylic acid, 1 redox electron carrier, and 1 vitamin. The most noteworthy changes corresponded to the substantially decreased lysoglycerophospholipids, and to the clearly increased FA (16:1n-7/16:0) and MUFA + PUFA/SFA ratios, suggesting enhanced desaturase activity. Hepatic gene expression of Fads1, Fads2, and Pemt, which mediates lipid balance and liver health, was increased by relaxin-2, while mRNA levels of the main regulator of hepatic FA uptake Cd36, and of the essential glycolysis enzyme Gpi, were decreased. Relaxin-2 augmented the hepatic activation of the hepatoprotector and master regulator of energy homeostasis AMPK. Relaxin-2 treatment also rised FADS1, FADS2, and PEMT gene expression in cultured Hep G2 cells. Our results bring to light the hepatic metabolic features stimulated by relaxin, a promising hepatoprotective molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Aragón-Herrera
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Moraña-Fernández
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Cardiology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela and Health Research Institute, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Anido-Varela
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Institute La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Institute La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Institute La Fe University Hospital (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Lage
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela and Health Research Institute, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Moscoso
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela and Health Research Institute, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Barral
- Polymers Research Group, Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of A Coruña, Polytechnic University School of Serantes, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Daniele Bani
- Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Bigazzi
- Endocrine Section, Prosperius Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saúde) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago) NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS-SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Xu Y, Wang B, Liu X, Deng Y, Zhu Y, Zhu F, Liang Y, Li H. Sp1 Targeted PARP1 Inhibition Protects Cardiomyocytes From Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Downregulation of Autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621906. [PMID: 34124031 PMCID: PMC8190009 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI), characterized by post-ischemic cardiomyocytes death and reperfusion myocardial damage, is a lethal yet unresolved complication in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Previous studies have demonstrated that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) participates in the progression of various cardiovascular diseases, and various reports have proved that PARP1 can be a therapeutic target in these diseases, but whether it plays a role in MIRI is still unknown. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the role and mechanism of PARP1 in the development of MIRI. Firstly, we demonstrated that PARP1 was activated during MIRI-induced myocardial autophagy in vitro. Moreover, PARP1 inhibition protected cardiomyocytes from MIRI through the inhibition of autophagy. Next, we discovered that specificity protein1 (Sp1), as a transcription factor of PARP1, regulates its target gene PARP1 through binding to its target gene promoter during transcription. Furthermore, silencing Sp1 protected cardiomyocytes from MIRI via the inhibition of PARP1. Finally, the functions and mechanisms of PARP1 in the development of MIRI were also verified in vivo with SD rats model. Based on these findings, we concluded that PARP1 inhibition protects cardiomyocytes from MIRI through the inhibition of autophagy, which is targeted by Sp1 suppression. Therefore, the utilization of PARP1 exhibits great therapeutic potential for MIRI treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Wu W, Fu Y, Liu Z, Shu S, Wang Y, Tang C, Cai J, Dong Z. NAM protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing the PARP1/p53 pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115492. [PMID: 33722665 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a commonly used anti-cancer drug, but it induces nephrotoxicity. As a water-soluble vitamin B family member, nicotinamide (NAM) was recently demonstrated to have beneficial effects for renal injury, but its underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we suggest that NAM may exert protective effects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) mainly via suppressing the poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1)/p53 pathway. In our experiment, NAM protected against cisplatin-induced apoptosis both in cultured renal proximal tubular cells and AKI in mice. Mechanistically, NAM suppressed the expression and activation of p53, a known mediator of cisplatin-induced AKI. Upstream of p53, NAM attenuated the induction of γ-H2AX, a hallmark of DNA damage response. Interestingly, PARP1 was activated in cisplatin AKI and this activation was inhibited by NAM. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 with PJ34 significantly ameliorated p53 activation and cisplatin-induced cell death in RPTCs and AKI in mice. Thus, NAM may protect against cisplatin-induced AKI by suppressing the PARP1/p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Shaoqun Shu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Changsha 410011, China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA..
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23
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Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor roscovitine attenuates liver inflammation and fibrosis by influencing initiating steps of liver injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:925-941. [PMID: 33786590 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases present a significant public health burden worldwide. Although the mechanisms of liver diseases are complex, it is generally accepted that inflammation is commonly involved in the pathogenesis. Ongoing inflammatory responses exacerbate liver injury, or even result in fibrosis and cirrhosis. Here we report that roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, exerts beneficial effects on acute and chronic liver inflammation as well as fibrosis. Animal models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine- and acute or chronic CCl4-induced liver injury showed that roscovitine administration markedly attenuated liver injury, inflammation and histological damage in LPS/d-galactosamine- and CCl4-induced acute liver injury models, which is consistent with the results in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that roscovitine treatment repressed the transcription of a broad set of pro-inflammatory genes involved in many aspects of inflammation, including cytokine production and immune cell proliferation and migration, and inhibited the TGF-β signaling pathway and the biological process of tissue remodeling. For further validation, the beneficial effect of roscovitine against inflammation was evaluated in chronic CCl4-challenged mice. The anti-inflammation effect of roscovitine was observed in this model, accompanied with reduced liver fibrosis. The anti-fibrotic mechanism involved inhibition of profibrotic genes and blocking of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Our data show that roscovitine administration protects against liver diseases through inhibition of macrophage inflammatory actions and HSC activation at the onset of liver injury.
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24
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Rosado MM, Pioli C. ADP-ribosylation in evasion, promotion and exacerbation of immune responses. Immunology 2021; 164:15-30. [PMID: 33783820 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is the addition of one or more (up to some hundreds) ADP-ribose moieties to acceptor proteins. This evolutionary ancient post-translational modification (PTM) is involved in fundamental processes including DNA repair, inflammation, cell death, differentiation and proliferation, among others. ADP-ribosylation is catalysed by two major families of enzymes: the cholera toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTCs) and the diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs, also known as PARPs). ARTCs sense and use extracellular NAD, which may represent a danger signal, whereas ARTDs are present in the cell nucleus and/or cytoplasm. ARTCs mono-ADP-ribosylate their substrates, whereas ARTDs, according to the specific family member, are able to mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylate target proteins or are devoid of enzymatic activity. Both mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation are dynamic processes, as specific hydrolases are able to remove single or polymeric ADP moieties. This dynamic equilibrium between addition and degradation provides plasticity for fast adaptation, a feature being particularly relevant to immune cell functions. ADP-ribosylation regulates differentiation and functions of myeloid, T and B cells. It also regulates the expression of cytokines and chemokines, production of antibodies, isotype switch and the expression of several immune mediators. Alterations in these processes involve ADP-ribosylation in virtually any acute and chronic inflammatory/immune-mediated disease. Besides, pathogens developed mechanisms to contrast the action of ADP-ribosylating enzymes by using their own hydrolases and/or to exploit this PTM to sustain their virulence. In the present review, we summarize and discuss recent findings on the role of ADP-ribosylation in immunobiology, immune evasion/subversion by pathogens and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA, Rome, Italy
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25
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Adeyanju AA, Asejeje FO, Molehin OR, Owoeye O, Olatoye EO, Ekpo EN. Protective role of protocatechuic acid in carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress via modulation of proinflammatory cytokines levels in brain and liver of Wistar rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:143-154. [PMID: 33735948 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Protocatechuic acid (PCA) possesses numerous pharmacological activities, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This study seeks to investigate its underlying mechanism of action in the liver and brain toxicity induced by CCl4 in male albino rats. METHODS Rats were given PCA at 10 and 20 mg/kg daily and orally as a pretreatment for seven days. A single injection of CCl4 was given 2 h later to induce brain and liver toxicity. RESULTS CCl4 moderately elevated the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). PCA lowered AST level significantly when compared to control. Total protein and albumin levels presented insignificant changes (p>0.05) in all groups while lipid profile showed increased total cholesterol level and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by CCl4. PCA (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the cholesterol level while the 20 mg/kg dose moderately prevented HDL reduction. There was an increased MDA production with a corresponding low GSH level in the group treated with CCl4. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase in both organs also declined. PCA, especially at 10 mg/kg attenuated lipid peroxidation by increasing GSH level in the organs. Biochemical assays revealed the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activities by PCA in these organs. Furthermore, PCA lowered the level of proinflammatory cytokine COX 2 in the brain and liver while NF-kB expression was inhibited in the brain. Histopathology reports validated the effects of PCA. CONCLUSIONS PCA exhibited protection against toxicity in these tissues through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and the potential mechanism might be through modulation of the NF-κB/COX-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne A Adeyanju
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Koladaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Folake O Asejeje
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Koladaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olorunfemi R Molehin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. P.M.B.5363, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olatunde Owoeye
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Olatoye
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Ajebo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel N Ekpo
- Department of Biological Sciences, McPherson University, Ajebo, Ogun State, Nigeria
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26
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Wei E, Zhang S, Zhai J, Wu S, Wang G. The evaluation of hepatoprotective effects of flavonoids from Scorzonera austriaca Wild against CCl 4-induced acute liver injury in vitro and in vivo. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1284-1294. [PMID: 32921158 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1815763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Scorzonera austriaca Wild is a traditional herbal medicine; however, little is known with regard to the effect of flavonoids from S. austriaca (FSA) on liver injury induced by Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), especially the mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, our paper was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of FSA against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in vitro and in vivo, with focus on its potential mechanism. The purity of FSA prepared by using polyporous resin column chromatography could reach 94.5%, and seven flavonoid compounds in FSA were identified by using LC-ESI-MS analysis. In vivo results showed that FSA markedly decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) and increased the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that FSA could inhibit inflammatory response, as evidenced by decreasing the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) through inactivating toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor-κB (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway. FSA activated autophagy by increasing the ratio of LC3B-II/I and decreasing the protein level of p62 so as to exert its hepatoprotective effect. In general, these evidences suggested that FSA is likely to serve as a potential material for the drugs against chemical hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enwei Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sixi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinghui Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sitong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangshu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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27
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Zai W, Chen W, Han Y, Wu Z, Fan J, Zhang X, Luan J, Tang S, Jin X, Fu X, Gao H, Ju D, Liu H. Targeting PARP and autophagy evoked synergistic lethality in hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:345-357. [PMID: 31175354 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, has limited efficient therapeutic options. Here, we first demonstrated that simultaneously targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and autophagy could evoke striking synergistic lethality in HCC cells. Specifically, we found that the PARP inhibitor Niraparib induced cytotoxicity accompanied by significant autophagy formation and autophagic flux in HCC cells. Further experiments showed that Niraparib induced suppression of the Akt/mTOR pathway and activation of the Erk1/2 cascade, two typical signaling pathways related to autophagy. In addition, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species was triggered, which was involved in Niraparib-induced autophagy. Blocking autophagy by chloroquine (CQ) in combination with Niraparib further enhanced cytotoxicity, induced apoptosis and inhibited colony formation in HCC cells. Synergistic inhibition was also observed in Huh7 xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that autophagy inhibition abrogated Niraparib-induced cell-cycle arrest and checkpoint activation. Cotreatment with CQ and Niraparib promoted the formation of γ-H2AX foci while inhibiting the recruitment of the homologous recombination repair protein RAD51 to double-strand break sites. Thus, the present study developed a novel promising strategy for the management of HCC in the clinic and highlighted a potential approach to expand the application of PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Han
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zimei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Fu
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongjian Gao
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Microbiological and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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28
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‘PARP’ing fibrosis: repurposing poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1253-1261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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29
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de Gregorio E, Colell A, Morales A, Marí M. Relevance of SIRT1-NF-κB Axis as Therapeutic Target to Ameliorate Inflammation in Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3858. [PMID: 32485811 PMCID: PMC7312021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an adaptive response in pursuit of homeostasis reestablishment triggered by harmful conditions or stimuli, such as an infection or tissue damage. Liver diseases cause approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide and hepatic inflammation is a common factor to all of them, being the main driver of hepatic tissue damage and causing progression from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The metabolic sensor SIRT1, a class III histone deacetylase with strong expression in metabolic tissues such as the liver, and transcription factor NF-κB, a master regulator of inflammatory response, show an antagonistic relationship in controlling inflammation. For this reason, SIRT1 targeting is emerging as a potential strategy to improve different metabolic and/or inflammatory pathologies. In this review, we explore diverse upstream regulators and some natural/synthetic activators of SIRT1 as possible therapeutic treatment for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía de Gregorio
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Colell
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Albert Morales
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, CIBEREHD, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Department of Cell Death and Proliferation, IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
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Trojnar E, Erdelyi K, Matyas C, Zhao S, Paloczi J, Mukhopadhyay P, Varga ZV, Hasko G, Pacher P. Cannabinoid-2 receptor activation ameliorates hepatorenal syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:540-550. [PMID: 31770583 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY RATIONALE Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a life-threatening complication of end-stage liver disease characterized by the rapid decline of kidney function. Herein, we explored the therapeutic potential of targeting the cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2-R) utilizing a commonly used mouse model of liver fibrosis and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). METHODS Gene expression analysis, histological evaluation, determination of serum levels of renal injury-biomarkers were used to characterize the BDL-induced organ injury; laser speckle analysis to measure microcirculation in the kidneys. KEY RESULTS We found that liver injury triggered marked inflammation and oxidative stress in the kidneys of BDL-operated mice. We detected pronounced histopathological alterations with tubular injury paralleled with increased inflammation, oxidative/nitrative stress and fibrotic remodeling both in hepatic and renal tissues as well as endothelial activation and markedly impaired renal microcirculation. This was accompanied by increased CB2-R expression in both the liver and the kidney tissues of diseased animals. A selective CB2-R agonist, HU-910, markedly decreased numerous markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis both in the liver and in the kidneys. HU-910 also attenuated markers of kidney injury and improved the impaired renal microcirculation in BDL-operated mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that oxidative stress, inflammation and microvascular dysfunction are key events in the pathogenesis of BDL-associated renal failure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that targeting the CB2-R by selective agonists may represent a promising new avenue to treat HRS by attenuating tissue and vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis and consequent microcirculatory dysfunction in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Trojnar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, 20852, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Katalin Erdelyi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, 20852, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, 20852, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, 20852, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, 20852, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, 20852, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Zoltan V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, 20852, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Gyorgy Hasko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), 5625 Fishers Lane, 20852, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Siavashpour A, Khalvati B, Azarpira N, Mohammadi H, Niknahad H, Heidari R. Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) overactivity plays a pathogenic role in bile acids-induced nephrotoxicity in cholestatic rats. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:144-158. [PMID: 32422328 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver disease is a clinical complication with a wide range of etiologies. The liver is the primary organ influenced by cholestasis. Other organs, rather than the liver (e.g., kidneys), could also be affected by cholestatic liver disease. Cholestasis-induced renal injury is known as cholemic nephropathy (CN). Although the structural and functional alterations of the kidney in cholestasis have been well described, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CN are not well understood. Some studies mentioned the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in CN. Several cellular targets, including proteins, lipids, and DNA, could be affected by oxidative stress. Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is an enzyme that its physiological activity plays a fundamental role in DNA repair. However, PARP-1 overexpression is associated with enhanced oxidative stress and cell death. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of PARP-1 activity in the pathogenesis of CN. Bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were treated with nicotinamide (NA) as a PARP-1 inhibitor. Kidney, urine, and plasma samples were collected at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL surgery). Serum and urine biomarkers of kidney injury, markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage, PARP-1 expression and activity in the kidney tissue, inflammatory response, renal fibrosis markers, and kidney histopathological alterations were assessed. Significant changes in the serum and urine biomarkers of kidney injury were evident in the BDL rats. Markers of oxidative stress were increased, and tissue ATP levels and antioxidant capacity were decreased in the kidney of cholestatic animals. A significant increase in PARP-1 expression and activity was evident in BDL rats (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL). Moreover, inflammatory response (IL-1β and TNF-α expression; and myeloperoxidase activity), renal tissue histopathological alterations, and kidney fibrosis (α-SMA and TGF-β expression, as well as collagen deposition) were detected in cholestatic animals. It was found that the PARP-1 inhibitor, NA (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p), significantly mitigated cholestasis-induced renal injury. The positive effects of NA were more significant at a lower dose and the early stage of CN. These data indicate a pathogenic role for PARP-1 overexpression in CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Siavashpour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Matyas C, Erdelyi K, Trojnar E, Zhao S, Varga ZV, Paloczi J, Mukhopadhyay P, Nemeth BT, Haskó G, Cinar R, Rodrigues RM, Ahmed YA, Gao B, Pacher P. Interplay of Liver-Heart Inflammatory Axis and Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Signaling in an Experimental Model of Hepatic Cardiomyopathy. Hepatology 2020; 71:1391-1407. [PMID: 31469200 PMCID: PMC7048661 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic cardiomyopathy, a special type of heart failure, develops in up to 50% of patients with cirrhosis and is a major determinant of survival. However, there is no reliable model of hepatic cardiomyopathy in mice. We aimed to characterize the detailed hemodynamics of mice with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis, by monitoring echocardiography and intracardiac pressure-volume relationships and myocardial structural alterations. Treatment of mice with a selective cannabinoid-2 receptor (CB2 -R) agonist, known to attenuate inflammation and fibrosis, was used to explore the impact of liver inflammation and fibrosis on cardiac function. APPROACH AND RESULTS BDL induced massive inflammation (increased leukocyte infiltration, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines), oxidative stress, microvascular dysfunction, and fibrosis in the liver. These pathological changes were accompanied by impaired diastolic, systolic, and macrovascular functions; cardiac inflammation (increased macrophage inflammatory protein 1, interleukin-1, P-selectin, cluster of differentiation 45-positive cells); and oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde, 3-nitrotyrosine, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases). CB2 -R up-regulation was observed in both livers and hearts of mice exposed to BDL. CB2 -R activation markedly improved hepatic inflammation, impaired microcirculation, and fibrosis. CB2 -R activation also decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and improved cardiac dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, and oxidative stress, underlining the importance of inflammatory mediators in the pathology of hepatic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS We propose BDL-induced cardiomyopathy in mice as a model for hepatic/cirrhotic cardiomyopathy. This cardiomyopathy, similar to cirrhotic cardiomyopathy in humans, is characterized by systemic hypotension and impaired macrovascular and microvascular function accompanied by both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Our results indicate that the liver-heart inflammatory axis has a pivotal pathophysiological role in the development of hepatic cardiomyopathy. Thus, controlling liver and/or myocardial inflammation (e.g., with selective CB2 -R agonists) may delay or prevent the development of cardiomyopathy in severe liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katalin Erdelyi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eszter Trojnar
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suxian Zhao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zoltan V. Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA,ZVV’s present affiliation: HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Balazs T. Nemeth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robim M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Scarano F, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Nucera S, Carresi C, Ruga S, Zito MC, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Amodio N, Juli G, Tassone P, Mollace R, Caffrey R, Marioneaux J, Walker R, Ehrlich J, Palma E, Muscoli C, Bedossa P, Salvemini D, Mollace V, Sanyal AJ. Bergamot Polyphenols Improve Dyslipidemia and Pathophysiological Features in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2565. [PMID: 32054943 PMCID: PMC7018973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for continued drug development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Bergamot is a plant whose fruit juice is enriched with flavonoids and phenolic compounds which improves dyslipidemia and markers of systemic inflammation in patients with Metabolic Syndrome. The aim of this study was to perform a preclinical "proof of concept" study of Bergamot polyphenolic formulation (BPF99) for the treatment of NASH. A disease reversal study was performed in the diet-induced animal model of NAFLD (DIAMOND). Groups of 8 weeks old mice were randomly assigned to receive chow diet, high fat diet with sugar in drinking water (Western diet- WD). Mice on WD were further randomized to continue on WD gavaged with vehicle or continue on WD with additional gavage of BPF99 (50 mg/kg) after 16 weeks of diet. Mice were euthanized after 11 additional weeks. The primary endpoint was resolution of NASH. Secondary endpoints included changes in individual histological features, body weight, liver enzymes, dyslipidemia, markers of oxidative stress and molecular markers of disease activity and fibrosis. The results showed that BPF99 reduced ALT (mean 71.6 vs 44.6 IU/l, p < 0.01), triglycerides (38.8 vs 28.1 mg/dl, p < 0.05), LDL-C (39.2 vs 23.7 mg/dl, p < 0.001). It significantly improved NASH resolution (p < 0.001) and the SAF scores (p < 0.05) while the NAS improvement approached significance. BPF99 reduced markers of oxidative stress, along with reduced JNK and p38 MAP kinase activity. BPF99 did not reduce the number of mice with fibrosis but improved collagen proportional area (p < 0.04) and procollagen I and III expression. Collectively our results showed that BPF99 resolves NASH and ameliorates key histological and pathophysiological features of NASH along with improvement in ALT and dyslipidemia in the DIAMOND mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. .,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giada Juli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rebecca Caffrey
- Sanyal biotechnology, 800 E Leigh St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | | | - Ross Walker
- Macquarie University Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- Liverpat, Paris, France.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Daniela Salvemini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Sanyal biotechnology, 800 E Leigh St, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.
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Katsyuba E, Romani M, Hofer D, Auwerx J. NAD + homeostasis in health and disease. Nat Metab 2020; 2:9-31. [PMID: 32694684 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The conceptual evolution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) from being seen as a simple metabolic cofactor to a pivotal cosubstrate for proteins regulating metabolism and longevity, including the sirtuin family of protein deacylases, has led to a new wave of scientific interest in NAD+. NAD+ levels decline during ageing, and alterations in NAD+ homeostasis can be found in virtually all age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration, diabetes and cancer. In preclinical settings, various strategies to increase NAD+ levels have shown beneficial effects, thus starting a competitive race to discover marketable NAD+ boosters to improve healthspan and lifespan. Here, we review the basics of NAD+ biochemistry and metabolism, and its roles in health and disease, and we discuss current challenges and the future translational potential of NAD+ research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Katsyuba
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Nagi Bioscience, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mario Romani
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dina Hofer
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Pham TX, Bae M, Kim MB, Lee Y, Hu S, Kang H, Park YK, Lee JY. Nicotinamide riboside, an NAD+ precursor, attenuates the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:2451-2463. [PMID: 31195117 PMCID: PMC6614025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver fibrosis is part of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum, which currently has no approved pharmacological treatment. In this study, we investigated whether supplementation of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor, can reduce the development of liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a low-fat control (LF), a high-fat/high-sucrose/high-cholesterol control (HF) or a HF diet supplemented with NR at 400 mg/kg/day (HF-NR) for 20 weeks. Features of liver fibrosis were assessed by histological and biochemical analyses. Whole-body energy metabolism was also assessed using indirect calorimetry. Primary mouse and human hepatic stellate cells were used to determine the anti-fibrogenic effects of NR in vitro. RESULTS NR supplementation significantly reduced body weight of mice only 7 weeks after mice were on the supplementation, but did not attenuate serum alanine aminotransferase levels, liver steatosis, or liver inflammation. However, NR markedly reduced collagen accumulation in the liver. RNA-Seq analysis suggested that the expression of genes involved in NAD+ metabolism is altered in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) compared to quiescent HSCs. NR inhibited the activation of HSCs in primary mouse and human HSCs. Indirect calorimetry showed that NR increased energy expenditure, likely by upregulation of β-oxidation in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. CONCLUSION NR attenuated HSC activation, leading to reduced liver fibrosis in a diet-induced mouse model of liver fibrosis. The data suggest that NR may be developed as a potential preventative for human liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tho X Pham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Minkyung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Siqi Hu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Hyunju Kang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young-Ki Park
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Durante M, Sgambellone S, Lanzi C, Nardini P, Pini A, Moroni F, Masini E, Lucarini L. Effects of PARP-1 Deficiency and Histamine H 4 Receptor Inhibition in an Inflammatory Model of Lung Fibrosis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:525. [PMID: 31164820 PMCID: PMC6535496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the most frequent form of interstitial lung disease. Effective therapies are not yet available; novel therapeutic approaches are needed for counteracting fibrosis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases are enzymes, involved in DNA repair and cell apoptosis. PARP-1 deficient mice exhibited reduced lung fibrosis in response to bleomycin treatment compared to wild-type controls. Histamine H4 receptors (H4Rs) have been recognized as a new target for inflammatory and immune diseases, and H4R ligands reduced inflammation and oxidative stress in lung tissue. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cross-talk between PARP-1 and H4R in a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in PARP-1−/− and WT mice. Animals were treated with bleomycin or saline by intra-tracheal injection. JNJ7777120, an H4R antagonist, or VUF8430, an H4R agonist, were administered i.p for 21 days. Airway resistance to inflation was evaluated, and lung tissues were processed for PARylated protein content, oxidative stress evaluation, and histology of small bronchi. The levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β and TNF-α), regulatory (IL-10), and pro-fibrotic (TGF-β) cytokines were evaluated. The deposition of αSMA was determined by immunofluorescence analysis. The results indicate that JNJ7777120 reduces PARylated protein production, decreases oxidative stress damage, and MPO, a marker for leukocyte tissue infiltration, in PARP-1−/− mice. A significant decrease in the production of both IL-1β and TNF-α and a significant increase in IL-10 levels are observed in mice treated with H4R antagonist, suggesting a crucial anti-inflammatory activity of JNJ7777120. The smooth muscle layer thickness, the goblet cell relative number, and collagen deposition decreased following JNJ7777120 administration. The H4R antagonist treatment also reduces TGF-β production and αSMA deposition, suggesting an important role of JNJ7777120 in airway remodeling. Our results show that PARylation is essential for the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and propose that PARP-1 and H4Rs are both involved in inflammatory and fibrotic responses. JNJ7777120 treatment, in a condition of PARP-1 inhibition, exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, reducing airway remodeling and bronchoconstriction. Therefore, selective inhibition of H4Rs together with non-toxic doses of selective PARP-1 inhibitors could have clinical relevance for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaconcetta Durante
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Sgambellone
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Lanzi
- Medical Toxicology Unit, Careggi-University Hospital (AOUC), Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Nardini
- Section of Histology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Section of Histology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flavio Moroni
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Emanuela Masini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Lucarini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Ju C, Liu C, Yan S, Wang Y, Mao X, Liang M, Huang K. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 is required for hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:531-535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Wang W, Xu Y, Jiang C, Gao Y. Advances in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:261-273. [PMID: 29781336 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1479247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is a costly and worldwide public health issue with high morbidity and mortality. Specific effective treatments for SAH have yet to be established. The aim of the present article is to review the current knowledge of the pathogenesis, assessment and treatment options in patients with SAH. To date, alcohol abstinence and enteral nutrition are the recommended first-line treatments. Although corticosteroids remain the preferred therapy for certain patients with a modified Maddrey discriminant function level greater than 54, they only improve short-term survival rates. New research focuses on liver inflammation, liver regeneration, the gut-liver axis, human induced pluripotent stem cells and extracorporeal albumin dialysis. Liver transplantation is considered the last medical option for patients with SAH who are nonresponsive to other medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- a Department of Hepatology , First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Ying Xu
- a Department of Hepatology , First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Chang Jiang
- a Department of Hepatology , First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Jilin , China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- a Department of Hepatology , First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University , Jilin , China
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Thomas NS, George K, Selvam AAA. Troxerutin subdues hepatic tumorigenesis via disrupting the MDM2-p53 interaction. Food Funct 2019; 9:5336-5349. [PMID: 30259932 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide that lacks proper medical prognosis and treatment. In the present study, the anti-tumoral potential of troxerutin (TX), an ethnomedicine, was examined in relation to its effects on the promoter 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) initiated HCC, as compared to its effects on HCC induced by NDEA alone. Liver samples from each experimental group were collected and evaluated for histological, biochemical and cellular characterization. The protein expressions of apoptotic and cell proliferation markers were determined via immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Molecular docking was also performed to delineate the inhibitory mechanism of TX on HCC. The results show that only higher doses of TX showed a significant reduction in the incidence of hepatic nodule formation, and they also counteracted NDEA plus 2-AAF induced alterations in the enzymic status. The frequencies of glutathione-S-transferase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, markers of S phase progression, were markedly reduced during TX treatment. TX also modulated the imbalance in the MDM2-p53 interaction. The molecular docking results confirmed the interaction of TX with the upstream kinases that regulate apoptosis. This study provides evidence that a copious dose of TX is required to counteract the differential mitoinhibitory effect of 2-AAF in NDEA initiated hepatomas, and TX exhibits an anti-tumoral effect via suppressing oxidative stress, regulating liver function enzymes, inhibiting inflammatory responses and modulating MDM2-p53 interactions, thus inducing apoptosis, and thereby suggesting that TX may provide promising therapeutic effects for the chemoprevention of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Susan Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Inflammation, and Immunity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 83:83/1/e00038-18. [PMID: 30567936 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature review presented here details recent research involving members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins. Among the 17 recognized members of the family, the human enzyme PARP1 is the most extensively studied, resulting in a number of known biological and metabolic roles. This review is focused on the roles played by PARP enzymes in host-pathogen interactions and in diseases with an associated inflammatory response. In mammalian cells, several PARPs have specific roles in the antiviral response; this is perhaps best illustrated by PARP13, also termed the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Plant stress responses and immunity are also regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs promote inflammatory responses by stimulating proinflammatory signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Hence, PARP inhibitors show promise in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and conditions with an inflammatory component, such as diabetes, arthritis, and stroke. These functions are correlated with the biophysical characteristics of PARP family enzymes. This work is important in providing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis and host responses, as well as in the identification of inhibitors. This is important because the identification of inhibitors has been shown to be effective in arresting the progression of disease.
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Wardi J, Ernst O, Lilja A, Aeed H, Katz S, Ben-Nachum I, Ben-Dror I, Katz D, Bernadsky O, Kandhikonda R, Avni Y, Fraser IDC, Weinstain R, Biro A, Zor T. 3-Aminobenzamide Prevents Concanavalin A-Induced Acute Hepatitis by an Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Mechanism. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:3382-3397. [PMID: 30196390 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Concanavalin A is known to activate T cells and to cause liver injury and hepatitis, mediated in part by secretion of TNFα from macrophages. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) inhibitors have been shown to prevent tissue damage in various animal models of inflammation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of the PARP-1 inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) in preventing concanavalin A-induced liver damage. METHODS We tested the in vivo effects of 3-AB on concanavalin A-treated mice, its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages in culture, and its ability to act as a scavenger in in vitro assays. RESULTS 3-AB markedly reduced inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver tissue damage in concanavalin A-treated mice. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, 3-AB inhibited NFκB transcriptional activity and subsequent expression of TNFα and iNOS and blocked NO production. In vitro, 3-AB acted as a hydrogen peroxide scavenger. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the ROS formation inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) also inhibited TNFα expression in stimulated macrophages, but unlike 3-AB, NAC and DPI were unable to abolish NFκB activity. PARP-1 knockout failed to affect NFκB and TNFα suppression by 3-AB in stimulated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 3-AB has a therapeutic effect on concanavalin A-induced liver injury by inhibiting expression of the key pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα, via PARP-1-independent NFκB suppression and via an NFκB-independent anti-oxidative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joram Wardi
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel.
| | - Orna Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anna Lilja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hussein Aeed
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Sebastián Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Idan Ben-Nachum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Ben-Dror
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dolev Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Bernadsky
- Department of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Rajendar Kandhikonda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yona Avni
- Department of Gastroenterology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel
| | - Iain D C Fraser
- Signaling Systems Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Roy Weinstain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Biro
- Institute of Nephrology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, P.O.B. 5, 58100, Holon, Israel.
| | - Tsaffrir Zor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Life Sciences Faculty, Tel-Aviv University, 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Trogen G, Bacon J, Li Y, Wright GL, Degroat A, Hagood KL, Warren Z, Forsman A, Kilaru A, Clark WA, Peterson JM. Transgenic overexpression of CTRP3 prevents alcohol-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E949-E960. [PMID: 29763374 PMCID: PMC6415714 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00050.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the ability of a novel adipose tissue derived cytokine, C1q TNF-related protein-3 (CTRP3), to prevent alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, or alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD). Previous work has demonstrated that CTRP3 is effective at preventing high-fat diet-induced fatty liver; however, the potential of CTRP3 to inhibit ALD has not been explored. To test the potential protective effects of CTRP3, transgenic mice overexpressing CTRP3 (Tg) or wild-type littermates (WT) were subjected to one of two different models of ALD. In the first model, known as the NIAAA model, mice were fed control or alcohol-containing liquid diets (5% vol/vol) for 10 days followed by a single gavage of ethanol (5 g/kg). In the second model, the chronic model, mice were fed control or alcohol-containing diets for 6 wk with no gavage. This study found that CTRP3 reduced triglyceride accumulation in the chronic model of alcohol consumption by ~50%, whereas no reduction was observed in the NIAAA model. Further analysis of isolated primary hepatocytes from WT and Tg mice demonstrated that CTRP3 increased oxygen consumption in the presence of fatty acids, indicating that CTRP3 increases hepatic fatty acid utilization. In conclusion, this study indicates that CTRP3 attenuates hepatic triglyceride accumulation in response to long-term chronic, but not short-term, alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Trogen
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Joshua Bacon
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Ying Li
- Quillen College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Gary L Wright
- Quillen College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Ashley Degroat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Kendra L Hagood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Zachary Warren
- East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Allan Forsman
- College of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Aruna Kilaru
- College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - W Andrew Clark
- Allied Health Sciences, College of Clinical and Rehabilitative Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan M Peterson
- Quillen College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
- College of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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43
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Varga ZV, Erdelyi K, Paloczi J, Cinar R, Zsengeller ZK, Jourdan T, Matyas C, Nemeth BT, Guillot A, Xiang X, Mehal A, Hasko G, Stillman IE, Rosen S, Gao B, Kunos G, Pacher P. Disruption of Renal Arginine Metabolism Promotes Kidney Injury in Hepatorenal Syndrome in Mice. Hepatology 2018; 68:1519-1533. [PMID: 29631342 PMCID: PMC6173643 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tubular dysfunction is an important feature of renal injury in hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) in patients with end-stage liver disease. The pathogenesis of kidney injury in HRS is elusive, and there are no clinically relevant rodent models of HRS. We investigated the renal consequences of bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic and renal injury in mice in vivo by using biochemical assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, mass spectrometry, histology, and electron microscopy. BDL resulted in time-dependent hepatic injury and hyperammonemia which were paralleled by tubular dilation and tubulointerstitial nephritis with marked upregulation of lipocalin-2, kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and osteopontin. Renal injury was associated with dramatically impaired microvascular flow and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Gene expression analyses signified proximal tubular epithelial injury, tissue hypoxia, inflammation, and activation of the fibrotic gene program. Marked changes in renal arginine metabolism (upregulation of arginase-2 and downregulation of argininosuccinate synthase 1), resulted in decreased circulating arginine levels. Arginase-2 knockout mice were partially protected from BDL-induced renal injury and had less impairment in microvascular function. In human-cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells hyperammonemia per se induced upregulation of arginase-2 and markers of tubular cell injury. CONCLUSION We propose that hyperammonemia may contribute to impaired renal arginine metabolism, leading to decreased eNOS activity, impaired microcirculation, tubular cell death, tubulointerstitial nephritis and fibrosis. Genetic deletion of arginase-2 partially restores microcirculation and thereby alleviates tubular injury. We also demonstrate that BDL in mice is an excellent, clinically relevant model to study the renal consequences of HRS. (Hepatology 2018; 00:000-000).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan V. Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Katalin Erdelyi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna K. Zsengeller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tony Jourdan
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Csaba Matyas
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Balazs Tamas Nemeth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Adam Mehal
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - George Hasko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Isaac E. Stillman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
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44
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Chen W, Yi C, Jin L. The Role of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Potential Implications for Treatment. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10312205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterised by small joint swelling, deformity, and dysfunction. Its exact aetiology is unclear. Current treatment approaches do not control harmful autoimmune attacks or prevent irreversible damage without considerable side effects. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), an important hydrogen carrier in mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, is the major determinant of redox state in the cell. NAD+ metabolites act as degradation substrates for a wide range of enzymes, such as sirtuins, poly-ADP-ribose polymerases, ADP-ribosyltransferases, and CD38. The roles of NAD+ have expanded beyond its role as a coenzyme, linking cellular metabolism to inflammation signalling and immune response. The aim of this review is to illustrate the role of NAD+-related enzymes in the pathogenesis of RA and highlight the potential therapeutic role of NAD+ in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqian Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Yi
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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45
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Wang H, Yang X, Yang Q, Gong L, Xu H, Wu Z. PARP-1 inhibition attenuates cardiac fibrosis induced by myocardial infarction through regulating autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:1625-1632. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Wang C, Xu W, Zhang Y, Huang D, Huang K. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated PXR is a critical regulator of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:819. [PMID: 30050067 PMCID: PMC6062506 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure and remains a critical problem in medicine. PARP1-dependent poly(ADPribosyl)ation is a key mediator of cellular stress responses and functions in multiple physiological and pathological processes. However, whether it is involved in the process of APAP metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we find that PARP1 is activated in mouse livers after APAP overdose. Pharmacological or genetic manipulations of PARP1 are sufficient to suppress the APAP-induced hepatic toxicity and injury, as well as reduced APAP metabolism. Mechanistically, we identify pregnane X receptor (PXR) as a substrate of PARP1-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PXR in ligand-binding domain activates PXR competitively and solidly, facilitates its recruitment to target gene CYP3A11 promoter, and promotes CYP3A11 gene transcription, thus resulting in increases of APAP pro-toxic metabolism. Additionally, PXR silence antagonizes the effects of PARP1 on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. These results identifies poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of PXR by PARP1 as a key step in APAP-induced liver injury. We propose that inhibition of PARP1-dependent poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation might represent a novel approach for the treatment of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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47
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Peng Y, Yang T, Huang K, Shen L, Tao Y, Liu C. Salvia Miltiorrhiza Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis by Activating Hepatic Natural Killer Cells in Vivo and in Vitro. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:762. [PMID: 30061833 PMCID: PMC6054956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are known for their ability to kill activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which has been confirmed both in patients and animal models. But the killing function is depressed in period of advanced liver injury. Salvia Miltiorrhiza (SM), a Chinese herbal medicine for invigorating blood circulation and eliminating stasis, is widely used to treat liver fibrosis in clinic. Nevertheless, the immunological mechanism remains unclearly. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that the anti-fibrotic effect of SM is concerned with boosting the activation of hepatic NK cells. Liver fibrosis was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and effects of SM on NK cells and HSC (JS-1 cell line, HSC) were investigated in vivo and in vitro. Hepatic NK cells were isolated from C57BL/6 mice, and pre-incubated with SM before they were co-cultured with HSCs. We found that SM increased frequency of NK cells, enhanced activities of NKG2D and Nkp46 on NK cells and inhibited activation of HSCs in vivo and in vitro. SM could promote the activities of NK cells by increasing the expressions of NKG2D and IFN-γ before or after co-cultured with HSCs in vitro. Besides, SM could partially antagonize ASGM-1-induced NK cell depletion and enhance the cell activities to inhibit HSCs activation in vitro. Therefore, our work provided a new insight into the anti-fibrotic mechanism that SM could enhance the activities of NK cell to reduce liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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48
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PARP1 activation increases expression of modified tumor suppressors and pathways underlying development of aggressive hepatoblastoma. Commun Biol 2018; 1:67. [PMID: 30271949 PMCID: PMC6123626 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HBL) is a pediatric liver cancer that affects children under the age of three. Reduction of tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) is commonly seen in liver cancer. However, in our studies we find that aggressive, chemo-resistant HBLs exhibit an elevation of TSPs. HBL patients with a classic phenotype have reduced TSP levels, but patients with aggressive HBL express elevated TSPs that undergo posttranslational modifications, eliminating their tumor suppression activities. Here we identify unique aggressive liver cancer domains (ALCDs) that are activated in aggressive HBL by PARP1-mediated chromatin remodeling leading to elevation of modified TSPs and activation of additional cancer pathways: WNT signaling and β-catenin. Inhibition of PARP1 blocks activation of ALCDs and normalizes expression of corresponding genes, therefore reducing cell proliferation. Our studies reveal PARP1 activation as a mechanism for the development of aggressive HBL, further suggesting FDA-approved PARP1 inhibitors might be used for treatment of patients with aggressive HBL. Leila Valanejad et al. report increased expression of modified tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) with loss of tumor suppressor activity in aggressive, chemotherapy-resistant hepatoblastoma. They find that TSP upregulation occurs via PARP1-mediated chromatin remodeling, leading to activation of multiple cancer-associated pathways.
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49
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Li X, Ling Y, Cao Z, Shen J, Chen S, Liu W, Yuan B, Wen S. Targeting intestinal epithelial cell-programmed necrosis alleviates tissue injury after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. J Surg Res 2018; 225:108-117. [PMID: 29605020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal dysfunction, especially acute pathologies linked to intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, is profoundly affected by inflammation and improper execution of cell death. Few studies have examined the efficacy of combined strategies in regulated intestinal epithelial necrosis after intestinal I/R. Here, we evaluated the functional interaction between poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1)-induced parthanatos and receptor-interacting protein 1/3 (RIP1/3) kinase-induced necroptosis in the pathophysiological course of acute ischemic intestinal injury. METHODS Anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion consisting of 1.5 h of ischemia and 6 h of reperfusion. The PARP-1-specific inhibitor PJ34 (10 mg/kg) and the RIP1-specific inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (1 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administered 30 min before the induction of ischemia. RESULTS Intestinal I/R was found to result in PARP-1 activation and RIP1/3-mediated necrosome formation. PJ34 or Necrostatin-1 treatment significantly improved the mucosal injury, while the combined inhibition of PARP-1 and RIP1/3 conferred optimal protection of the intestine. Meanwhile, results from terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling assay showed a decrease in intestinal epithelial cell death. Interestingly, we further showed that PARP-1 might act as a downstream signaling molecule of RIP1 in the process of I/R-induced intestinal injury and that the RIP1/PARP-1-dependent cell death signaling pathway functioned independently of caspase 3 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study provide a molecular basis for combination therapy that targets both pathways of regulated necrosis (parthanatos and necroptosis), to treat acute intestinal I/R-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Ling
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute and Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiantong Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqian Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baolong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shihong Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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5-aminoisoquinoline improves renal function and fibrosis during recovery phase of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171313. [PMID: 29599129 PMCID: PMC5920139 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to analyze the effects of 5-aminoisoquinoline (5-AIQ), a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) inhibitor, over renal dysfunction and fibrosis during recovery phase of cisplatin (CisPt)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed in three groups (n=8 each group): control, CisPt, and CisPt + 5-AIQ. Control and CisPt groups received a subcutaneous injection of either saline or 7 mg/kg CisPt, respectively. CisPt + 5-AIQ group received two intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg 5-AIQ 2 h before and 24 h after CisPt treatment. Thirteen days after the treatment, rats were housed in metabolic cages and 24-h urine collection was made. At day 14, CisPt-treated rats showed increased diuresis, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion, glucosuria and sodium fractional excretion (NaFE), and decreased creatinine clearance (CrCl). 5-AIQ significantly increased CrCl and decreased NAG excretion, glucosuria, and NaFE. In plasma, CisPt increased sodium, urea, and creatinine concentrations, while 5-AIQ treatment decreased these variables to the levels of control group. 5-AIQ completely prevented the body weight loss evoked by CisPt treatment. CisPt also induced an increased renal expression of PAR polymer, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen-IV. These variables were decreased in CisPt + 5-AIQ group. Tubular lesions and renal fibrosis were also decreased by 5-AIQ treatment. We conclude that inhibition of PARP1 with 5-AIQ can attenuate long-term nephrotoxic effects associated with the CisPt treatment, preventing renal dysfunction and body weight decrease and ameliorating tubular lesions and collagen deposition.
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