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Liang Z, Ge Y, Li J, Bai Y, Xiao Z, Yan R, An G, Zhang D. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway offer a promising therapeutic strategy for cholangiocarcinoma patients with high doublecortin-like kinase 1 expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:342. [PMID: 38980538 PMCID: PMC11233391 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), characterized by high heterogeneity and extreme malignancy, has a poor prognosis. Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) promotes a variety of malignant cancers in their progression. Targeting DCLK1 or its associated regulatory pathways can prevent the generation and deterioration of several malignancies. However, the role of DCLK1 in CCA progression and its molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether and how DCLK1 contributes to CCA progression. METHODS The expression of DCLK1 in CCA patients was detected using Immunohistochemistry (IHC). We established DCLK1 knockout and DCLK1 overexpression cell lines for Colony Formation Assay and Transwell experiments to explore the tumor-promoting role of DCLK1. RT-PCR, Western blot and multiple fluorescent staining were used to assess the association between DCLK1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify the underlying mechanisms by which DCLK1 regulates CCA progression and the EMT program. RESULTS DCLK1 was overexpressed in CCA tissues and was associated with poor prognosis. DCLK1 overexpression facilitated CCA cell invasion, migration, and proliferation, whereas DCLK1 knockdown reversed the malignant tendencies of CCA cells, which had been confirmed both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DCLK1 was substantially linked to the advancement of the EMT program, which included the overexpression of mesenchymal markers and the downregulation of epithelial markers. For the underlying mechanism, we proposed that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is the key process for the role of DCLK1 in tumor progression and the occurrence of the EMT program. When administered with LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, the tumor's ability to proliferate, migrate, and invade was greatly suppressed, and the EMT process was generally reversed. CONCLUSIONS DCLK1 facilitates the malignant biological behavior of CCA cells through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In individuals with cholangiocarcinoma who express DCLK1 at high levels, inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may be an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Liang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunting Bai
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zeru Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Donglei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Gongren Tiyuchang Nanlu Road, Chaoyang Dist., Beijing, 100020, China.
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Heydari Z, Moeinvaziri F, Mirazimi SMA, Dashti F, Smirnova O, Shpichka A, Mirzaei H, Timashev P, Vosough M. Alteration in DNA methylation patterns: Epigenetic signatures in gastrointestinal cancers. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176563. [PMID: 38593929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Abnormalities in epigenetic modifications can cause malignant transformations in cells, leading to cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which accounts for 20% of all cancers worldwide. Among the epigenetic alterations, DNA hypomethylation is associated with genomic instability. In addition, CpG methylation and promoter hypermethylation have been recognized as biomarkers for different malignancies. In GI cancers, epigenetic alterations affect genes responsible for cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumorigenic-specific signaling pathways. Understanding the pattern of alterations in DNA methylation in GI cancers could help scientists discover new molecular-based pharmaceutical treatments. This study highlights alterations in DNA methylation in GI cancers. Understanding epigenetic differences among GI cancers may improve targeted therapies and lead to the discovery of new diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Farideh Moeinvaziri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia; Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Laven-Law G, Kichenadasse G, Young GP, Symonds EL, Winter JM. BCAT1, IKZF1 and SEPT9: methylated DNA biomarkers for detection of pan-gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. Biomarkers 2024; 29:194-204. [PMID: 38644767 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2024.2340663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methylated circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) blood tests for BCAT1/IKZF1 (COLVERA) and SEPT9 (Epi proColon) are used to detect colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are no ctDNA assays approved for other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. We aimed to characterize BCAT1, IKZF1 and SEPT9 methylation in different gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma and non-gastrointestinal tumours to determine if these validated CRC biomarkers might be useful for pan-gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma detection. METHODS Tissue DNA methylation data from colorectal (COAD, READ), gastroesophageal (ESCA, STAD), pancreatic (PAAD) and cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) adenocarcinoma cohorts within The Cancer Genome Atlas were used for differential methylation analyses. Clinicodemographic predictors of BCAT1, IKZF1 and SEPT9 methylation, and the selectivity of hypermethylated BCAT1, IKZF1 and SEPT9 for colorectal adenocarcinomas in comparison to other cancers were each explored with beta regression. RESULTS Hypermethylated BCAT1, IKZF1 and SEPT9 were each differentially methylated in colorectal and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. IKZF1 was differentially methylated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Hypermethylated DNA biomarkers BCAT1, IKZF1 and SEPT9 were largely stable across different stages of disease and were highly selective for gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas relative to other cancer types. DISCUSSION Existing CRC methylated ctDNA blood tests for BCAT1/IKZF1 and SEPT9 might be usefully repurposed for use in other gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and warrant further prospective ctDNA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Laven-Law
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Ganessan Kichenadasse
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Graeme P Young
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Erin L Symonds
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Jean M Winter
- Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia
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Zhaxi Q, Gesang L, Huang J, Suona Y, Ci B, Danzeng Z, Zhang R, Liu B. Hypermethylation of BMPR2 and TGF-β Promoter Regions in Tibetan Patients with High-Altitude Polycythemia at Extreme Altitude. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10798-2. [PMID: 38787494 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Although the expression of many genes is associated with adaptation to high-altitude hypoxic environments, the role of epigenetics in the response to this harsh environmental stress is currently unclear. We explored whether abnormal DNA promoter methylation levels of six genes, namely, ABCA1, SOD2, AKT1, VEGFR2, TGF-β, and BMPR2, affect the occurrence and development of high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) in Tibetans. The methylation levels of HAPC and the control group of 130 Tibetans from very high altitudes (> 4500 m) were examined using quantitative methylation-specific real-time PCR (QMSP). Depending on the type of data, the Pearson chi-square test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Fisher exact test were used to assess the differences between the two groups. The correlation between the methylation levels of each gene and the hemoglobin content was explored using a linear mixed model. Our experiment revealed that the methylation levels of the TGF-β and BMPR2 genes differed significantly in the two groups (p < 0.05) and linear mixed model analysis showed that the correlation between the hemoglobin and methylation of ABCA1, TGF-β, and BMPR2 was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our study suggests that levels of TGF-β and BMPR2 methylation are associated with the occurrence of HAPC in extreme-altitude Tibetan populations among 6 selected genes. Epigenetics may be involved in the pathogenesis of HAPC, and future experiments could combine gene and protein levels to verify the diagnostic value of TGF-β and BMPR2 methylation levels in HAPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quzong Zhaxi
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, 18 Linkuo North Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Luobu Gesang
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, 18 Linkuo North Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ju Huang
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, 18 Linkuo North Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangzong Suona
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, 18 Linkuo North Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bai Ci
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, 18 Linkuo North Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoga Danzeng
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, 18 Linkuo North Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, 18 Linkuo North Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Binyun Liu
- Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region People's Hospital, 18 Linkuo North Road, Chengguan District, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
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Lee SH, Song SY. Recent Advancement in Diagnosis of Biliary Tract Cancer through Pathological and Molecular Classifications. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1761. [PMID: 38730713 PMCID: PMC11083053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinomas, as well as gallbladder cancer, are a diverse group of cancers that exhibit unique molecular characteristics in each of their anatomic and pathological subtypes. The pathological classification of BTCs compromises distinct growth patterns, including mass forming, periductal infiltrating, and intraductal growing types, which can be identified through gross examination. The small-duct and large-duct types of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma have been recently introduced into the WHO classification. The presentation of typical clinical symptoms, as well as the extensive utilization of radiological, endoscopic, and molecular diagnostic methods, is thoroughly detailed in the description. To overcome the limitations of traditional tissue acquisition methods, new diagnostic modalities are being explored. The treatment landscape is also rapidly evolving owing to the emergence of distinct subgroups with unique molecular alterations and corresponding targeted therapies. Furthermore, we emphasize the crucial aspects of diagnosing BTC in practical clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea;
| | - Si Young Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03772, Republic of Korea
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Liu F, Hao X, Liu B, Liu S, Yuan Y. Bile liquid biopsy in biliary tract cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 551:117593. [PMID: 37839517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers are heterogeneous in etiology, morphology and molecular characteristics thus impacting disease management. Diagnosis is complex and prognosis poor. The advent of liquid biopsy has provided a unique approach to more thoroughly understand tumor biology in general and biliary tract cancers specifically. Due to their minimally invasive nature, liquid biopsy can be used to serially monitor disease progression and allow real-time monitoring of tumor genetic profiles as well as therapeutic response. Due to the unique anatomic location of biliary tract cancer, bile provides a promising biologic fluid for this purpose. This review focuses on the composition of bile and the use of these various components, ie, cells, extracellular vesicles, nucleic acids, proteins and metabolites as potential biomarkers. Based on the disease characteristics and research status of biliary tract cancer, considerable effort should be made to increase understanding of this disease, promote research and development into early diagnosis, develop efficient diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xingyuan Hao
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Songmei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China; TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, PR China.
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Catanzaro E, Gringeri E, Burra P, Gambato M. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma: From Pathogenesis to Diagnostic and Surveillance Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4947. [PMID: 37894314 PMCID: PMC10604939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common malignancy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), accounting for 2-8% of cases and being the leading cause of death in these patients. The majority of PSC-associated CCAs (PSC-CCA) develop within the first few years after PSC diagnosis. Older age and male sex, as well as concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or high-grade biliary stenosis, are some of the most relevant risk factors. A complex combination of molecular mechanisms involving inflammatory pathways, direct cytopathic damage, and epigenetic and genetic alterations are involved in cholangiocytes carcinogenesis. The insidious clinical presentation makes early detection difficult, and the integration of biochemical, radiological, and histological features does not always lead to a definitive diagnosis of PSC-CCA. Surveillance is mandatory, but current guideline strategies failed to improve early detection and consequently a higher patient survival rate. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), gene methylation, proteomic and metabolomic profile, and extracellular vesicle components are some of the novel biomarkers recently applied in PSC-CCA detection with promising results. The integration of these new molecular approaches in PSC diagnosis and monitoring could contribute to new diagnostic and surveillance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Catanzaro
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Burra
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Gambato
- Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, Padova University Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy
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8
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Yıldırım HÇ, Kavgaci G, Chalabiyev E, Dizdar O. Advances in the Early Detection of Hepatobiliary Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3880. [PMID: 37568696 PMCID: PMC10416925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and biliary tract cancers (BTCs) have poor survival rates and a low likelihood of a cure, especially in advanced-stage disease. Early diagnosis is crucial and can significantly improve survival rates through curative treatment approaches. Current guidelines recommend abdominal ultrasonography (USG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) monitoring for HCC screening in high-risk groups, and abdominal USG, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) monitoring for biliary tract cancer. However, despite this screening strategy, many high-risk individuals still develop advanced-stage HCC and BTC. Blood-based biomarkers are being developed for use in HCC or BTC high-risk groups. Studies on AFP, AFP-L3, des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, glypican-3 (GPC3), osteopontin (OPN), midkine (MK), neopterin, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), Mac-2-binding protein (M2BP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and interleukin-6 biomarkers for HCC screening have shown promising results when evaluated individually or in combination. In the case of BTCs, the potential applications of circulating tumor DNA, circulating microRNA, and circulating tumor cells in diagnosis are also promising. These biomarkers have shown potential in detecting BTCs in early stages, which can significantly improve patient outcomes. Additionally, these biomarkers hold promise for monitoring disease progression and evaluating response to therapy in BTC patients. However, further research is necessary to fully understand the clinical utility of these biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of HCC and BTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Omer Dizdar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey; (H.Ç.Y.); (G.K.); (E.C.)
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Ilyas SI, Affo S, Goyal L, Lamarca A, Sapisochin G, Yang JD, Gores GJ. Cholangiocarcinoma - novel biological insights and therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:470-486. [PMID: 37188899 PMCID: PMC10601496 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past 5 years, important advances have been made in the scientific understanding and clinical management of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The cellular immune landscape of CCA has been characterized and tumour subsets with distinct immune microenvironments have been defined using molecular approaches. Among these subsets, the identification of 'immune-desert' tumours that are relatively devoid of immune cells emphasizes the need to consider the tumour immune microenvironment in the development of immunotherapy approaches. Progress has also made in identifying the complex heterogeneity and diverse functions of cancer-associated fibroblasts in this desmoplastic cancer. Assays measuring circulating cell-free DNA and cell-free tumour DNA are emerging as clinical tools for detection and monitoring of the disease. Molecularly targeted therapy for CCA has now become a reality, with three drugs targeting oncogenic fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusions and one targeting neomorphic, gain-of-function variants of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) obtaining regulatory approval. By contrast, immunotherapy using immune-checkpoint inhibitors has produced disappointing results in patients with CCA, underscoring the requirement for novel immune-based treatment strategies. Finally, liver transplantation for early stage intrahepatic CCA under research protocols is emerging as a viable therapeutic option in selected patients. This Review highlights and provides in-depth information on these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera I Ilyas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Silvia Affo
- Liver, Digestive System and Metabolism Research, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Mass General Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela Lamarca
- Department of Oncology, OncoHealth Institute, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gonzalo Sapisochin
- Ajmera Transplant Program and HPB Surgical Oncology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ju Dong Yang
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Conci S, Catalano G, Roman D, Zecchetto C, Lucin E, De Bellis M, Tripepi M, Guglielmi A, Milella M, Ruzzenente A. Current Role and Future Perspectives of Immunotherapy and Circulating Factors in Treatment of Biliary Tract Cancers. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:858-869. [PMID: 37324191 PMCID: PMC10266048 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.82008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a heterogenous group of malignancies arising from the epithelial cells of the biliary tree and the gallbladder. They are often locally advanced or already metastatic at the time of the diagnosis and therefore prognosis remains dismal. Unfortunately, the management of BTCs has been limited by resistance and consequent low response rate to cytotoxic systemic therapy. New therapeutic approaches are needed to improve the survival outcomes for these patients. Immunotherapy, one of the newest therapeutic options, is changing the approach to the oncological treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are by far the most promising group of immunotherapeutic agents: they work by blocking the tumor-induced inhibition of the immune cellular response. Immunotherapy in BTCs is currently approved as second-line treatment for patients whose tumors have a peculiar molecular profile, such as high levels of microsatellites instability, PD-L1 overexpression, or high levels of tumor mutational burden. However, emerging data from ongoing clinical trials seem to suggest that durable responses can be achieved in other subsets of patients. The BTCs are characterized by a highly desmoplastic microenvironment that fuels the growth of cancer tissue, but tissue biopsies are often difficult to obtain or not feasible in BTCs. Recent studies have hence proposed to use liquid biopsy approaches to search the blood circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) to use as biomarkers in BTCs. So far studies are insufficient to promote their use in clinical management, however trials are still in progress with promising preliminary results. Analysis of blood samples for ctDNA to research possible tumor-specific genetic or epigenetic alterations that could be linked to treatment response or prognosis was already feasible. Although there are still few data available, ctDNA analysis in BTC is fast, non-invasive, and could also represent a way to diagnose BTC earlier and monitor tumor response to chemotherapy. The prognostic capabilities of soluble factors in BTC are not yet precisely determined and more studies are needed. In this review, we will discuss the different approaches to immunotherapy and tumor circulating factors, the progress that has been made so far, and the possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Conci
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Catalano
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Diletta Roman
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Zecchetto
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lucin
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Mario De Bellis
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Marzia Tripepi
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guglielmi
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ruzzenente
- Division of General and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, University Hospital G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
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11
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Wang Y, Luo Y, Fu S, He L, Pan G, Fan D, Wen Q, Fan Y. Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 18 is a potential DNA methylation-modified tumor suppressor and biomarker in breast cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1095604. [PMID: 37223020 PMCID: PMC10200902 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1095604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Zinc finger and SCAN domain-containing protein 18 (ZSCAN18) has been investigated as a putative biomarker of multiple human cancers. However, the expression profile, epigenetic modification, prognostic value, transcription regulation, and molecular mechanism of ZSCAN18 in breast cancer (BC) remain unknown. Methods In the study, we present an integrated analysis of ZSCAN18 in BC based on public omics datasets with the use of multiple bioinformatics tools. Genes potentially regulated through restoration of ZSCAN18 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells were investigated to identify pathways associated with BC. Results We observed that ZSCAN18 was downregulated in BC and mRNA expression was significantly correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Low expression of ZSCAN18 was found in the HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes. High expression of ZSCAN18 was associated with good prognosis. As compared to normal tissues, the extent of ZSCAN18 DNA methylation was greater with fewer genetic alterations in BC tissues. ZSCAN18 was identified as a transcription factor that might be involved in intracellular molecular and metabolic processes. Low ZSCAN18 expression was associated with the cell cycle and glycolysis signaling pathway. Overexpression of ZSCAN18 inhibited mRNA expression of genes associated with the Wnt/β-catenin and glycolysis signaling pathways, including CTNNB1, BCL9, TSC1, and PFKP. ZSCAN18 expression was negatively correlated with infiltrating B cells and dendritic cells (DCs), as determined by the TIMER web server and reference to the TISIDB. ZSCAN18 DNA methylation was positively correlated with activated B cells, activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and activated DCs. Moreover, five ZSCAN18-related hub genes (KDM6B, KAT6A, KMT2D, KDM1A, and HSPBP1) were identified. ZSCAN18, ZNF396, and PGBD1 were identified as components of a physical complex. Conclusion ZSCAN18 is a potential tumor suppressor in BC, as expression is modified by DNA methylation and associated with patient survival. In addition, ZSCAN18 plays important roles in transcription regulation, the glycolysis signaling pathway, and the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Health Management Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Lijia He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Guangrui Pan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
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12
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Circulating Tumor DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Characterization and Determination of the Cancer Origin in Malignant Liver Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030859. [PMID: 36765815 PMCID: PMC9913861 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant liver tumors include primary malignant liver tumors and liver metastases. They are among the most common malignancies worldwide. The disease has a poor prognosis and poor overall survival, especially with liver metastases. Therefore, early detection and differentiation between malignant liver tumors are critical for patient treatment selection. The detection of cancer and the prediction of its origin is possible with a DNA methylation profile of the tumor DNA compared to that of normal cells, which reflects tissue differentiation and malignant transformation. New technologies enable the characterization of the tumor methylome in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), providing a variety of new ctDNA methylation biomarkers, which can provide additional information to clinical decision-making. Our review of the literature provides insight into methylation changes in ctDNA from patients with common malignant liver tumors and can serve as a starting point for further research.
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13
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Li B, Ren B, Ma G, Cai F, Wang P, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Liang H, Zhang R, Deng J. Inactivation of ZSCAN18 by promoter hypermethylation drives the proliferation via attenuating TP53INP2-mediated autophagy in gastric cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:10. [PMID: 36650573 PMCID: PMC9847086 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc finger and scan domain containing 18 (ZSCAN18) belongs to the zinc finger transcription factor superfamily, which consists of hundreds of members that play critical roles in all steps of tumorigenesis. METHODS This study aims to investigate the roles of ZSCAN18 in gastric cancer (GC). The expression level in GC and the clinicopathologic features of ZSCAN18 were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. Methylation of ZSCAN18 promoter in GC tissues and cell lines was analyzed via MassARRAY; the same method was used to detect GC cell lines demethylated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. The biological function of ZSCAN18 in GC cells was verified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The downstream molecular mechanism of ZSCAN18 was explored using RNA next-generation sequencing, immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS Our work revealed ZSCAN18 expression was markedly reduced in GC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues as a result of hypermethylation in GC. Likewise, ZSCAN18 expression was significantly reduced in a panel of GC cell lines as a result of the densely methylated ZSCAN18 promoter. Functionally, ZSCAN18 overexpression inhibited the biological progression of GC cells, which was characterized by weaken proliferation, enhanced autophagy and suppressed tumor growth. ZSCAN18 acted as a transcription factor and played an important role in binding to the promoter of tumor protein 53-induced nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2), and we also confirmed the anti-tumor effect of TP53INP2 in GC. Furthermore, the knockdown of TP53INP2 alleviated the inhibiting effects of ZSCAN18 in GC cells by in vitro and in vivo experiments. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study unveiled that ZSCAN18 played an anticancer role in GC by promoting autophagy and transcriptional regulation of TP53INP2 and provided a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoqing Ren
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China ,grid.464423.3Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatic Surgery, ShanXi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, 030000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Ma
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Cai
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengliang Wang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zeng
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Liang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rupeng Zhang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Deng
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of Gastric Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 People’s Republic of China
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14
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Kim M, Delgado E, Ko S. DNA methylation in cell plasticity and malignant transformation in liver diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108334. [PMID: 36535346 PMCID: PMC9841769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver possesses extraordinary regenerative capacity mainly attributable to the ability of hepatocytes (HCs) and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) to self-replicate. This ability is left over from their bipotent parent cell, the hepatoblast, during development. When this innate regeneration is compromised due to the absence of proliferative parenchymal cells, such as during cirrhosis, HCs and BEC can transdifferentiate; thus, adding another layer of complexity to the process of liver repair. In addition, dysregulated lineage maintenance in these two cell populations has been shown to promote malignant growth in experimental conditions. Here, malignant transformation, driven in part by insufficient maintenance of lineage reprogramming, contributes to end-stage liver disease. Epigenetic changes are key drivers for cell fate decisions as well as transformation by finetuning overall transcription and gene expression. In this review, we address how altered DNA methylation contributes to the initiation and progression of hepatic cell fate conversion and cancer formation. We also discussed the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting DNA methylation in liver cancer, its current limitations, and what future research is necessary to facilitate its contribution to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Evan Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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15
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He S, Zeng F, Yin H, Wang P, Bai Y, Song Q, Chu J, Huang Z, Liu Y, Liu H, Chen Q, Liu L, Zhou J, Hu H, Li X, Li T, Wang G, Cai J, Jiao Y, Zhao H. Molecular diagnosis of pancreatobiliary tract cancer by detecting mutations and methylation changes in bile samples. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 55:101736. [PMID: 36425869 PMCID: PMC9678809 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pancreatobiliary tract cancer usually have a poor clinical outcome, with a 5-year overall survival rate below 20%. This is mainly associated with the late diagnosis. In addition, the standard-of-care for patients with malignant biliary stenosis involves a major surgery, the Whipple procedure. An accurate preoperative diagnosis, including differentiation from benign diseases, is critical to avoid unnecessary treatment. Here we developed BileScreen, a sensitive detection modality for the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary tract cancer based on massively parallel sequencing mutation and methylation changes in bile samples. METHODS A total of 338 patients, from five hospitals in China, with pancreatobiliary system disorders were enrolled in this study between November 2018 and October 2020, and 259 were included for the analysis of BileScreen. We profiled 23 gene mutations and 44 genes with methylation modifications in parallel from bile samples, and set up a model for the detection of malignancy based on multi-level biomarkers. FINDINGS We applied the BileScreen assay in a training cohort (n = 104) to set up the model and algorithm. The model was further evaluated in a validation cohort (n = 105), resulting in 92% sensitivity and 98% specificity. The performance of BileScreen was further assessed in a prospective test cohort (n = 50) of patients diagnosed with suspicious or negative pathology by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and were confirmed in follow-up. BileScreen yielded 90% sensitivity and 80% specificity, and outcompeted serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in detecting pancreatobiliary tract cancer in all three cohorts, especially in terms of specificity. INTERPRETATION Taken together, BileScreen has the ability to interrogate mutations and methylation changes in bile samples in parallel, thus rendering it a potentially sensitive detection method to help in the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary tract cancer in a safe, convenient and less-invasive manner. FUNDING This study was supported by the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2020-2-4025 to S.H.), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81972311 to H.Z.), CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS) (2017-12M-4-002 to H.Z.), the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS) (2021-I2M-1-066 to CJQ), the Non-profit Central Research Institution Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019PT310026 to H.Z.) and Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM202011010 to H.Z.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun He
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fanxin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan province, China
| | - Huihui Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinlei Bai
- Jinchenjunchuang Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianqian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangtao Chu
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan province, China
| | - Qichen Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Jinchenjunchuang Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan province, China
| | - Hanjie Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xingchen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tengyan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianqiang Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuchen Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Screening and R&D of Digestive System Tumor Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Corresponding author. National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
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16
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Pharo HD, Jeanmougin M, Ager-Wick E, Vedeld HM, Sørbø AK, Dahl C, Larsen LK, Honne H, Brandt-Winge S, Five MB, Monteiro-Reis S, Henrique R, Jeronimo C, Steven K, Wahlqvist R, Guldberg P, Lind GE. BladMetrix: a novel urine DNA methylation test with high accuracy for detection of bladder cancer in hematuria patients. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:115. [PMID: 36115961 PMCID: PMC9482155 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystoscopy is the gold standard for bladder cancer detection, but is costly, invasive and has imperfect diagnostic accuracy. We aimed to identify novel and accurate DNA methylation biomarkers for non-invasive detection of bladder cancer in urine, with the potential to reduce the number of cystoscopies among hematuria patients. Results Biomarker candidates (n = 32) were identified from methylome sequencing of urological cancer cell lines (n = 16) and subjected to targeted methylation analysis in tissue samples (n = 60). The most promising biomarkers (n = 8) were combined into a panel named BladMetrix. The performance of BladMetrix in urine was assessed in a discovery series (n = 112), consisting of bladder cancer patients, patients with other urological cancers and healthy individuals, resulting in 95.7% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity. BladMetrix was furthermore evaluated in an independent prospective and blinded series of urine from patients with gross hematuria (n = 273), achieving 92.1% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity and a negative predictive value of 98.1%, with the potential to reduce the number of cystoscopies by 56.4%. Conclusions We here present BladMetrix, a novel DNA methylation urine test for non-invasive detection of bladder cancer, with high accuracy across tumor grades and stages, and the ability to spare a significant number of cystoscopies among patients with gross hematuria. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01335-2.
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Yoon SB, Moon SH, Ko SW, Lim H, Kang HS, Kim JH. Brush Cytology, Forceps Biopsy, or Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Sampling for Diagnosis of Bile Duct Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3284-3297. [PMID: 34263382 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopic sampling is essential for tissue diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). To evaluate and compare the diagnostic sensitivities of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-guided brush cytology biopsy, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in patients with CCA. A comprehensive literature search through multiple databases was conducted for articles published between January 1995 and August 2020. The pooled rates of sensitivity for the diagnosis of CCA and of adverse events were compared among brushing, biopsy, brushing & biopsy, and EUS-FNA. In total, 1123 patients with CCA (32 studies), 719 patients (20 studies), 358 patients (13 studies), and 422 patients (17 studies) were tested by brushing, biopsy, brushing & biopsy, and EUS-FNA, respectively. The pooled diagnostic sensitivity was 56.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) 48.8-63.1%, I2 = 83.0%) with brushing, 67.0% (95% CI 60.2-73.5%, I2 = 72.5%) with biopsy, 70.7% (95% CI 64.1-76.8%, I2 = 42.7%) with brushing & biopsy, and 73.6% (95% CI 64.7-81.5%, I2 = 74.7%) with EUS-FNA. The diagnostic sensitivity was significantly lower for brushing than for biopsy, brushing & biopsy, or EUS-FNA. No significant difference was noted in diagnostic sensitivities among biopsy, brushing & biopsy, and EUS-FNA. Adverse events were comparable between the groups. Intraductal biopsy, brushing & biopsy, and EUS-FNA had comparable efficacy and safety for the diagnosis of CCA. Brushing was the least sensitive diagnostic tool compared with intraductal biopsy or EUS-FNA. Given the modest diagnostic sensitivities of intraductal biopsy and EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of CCA, further studies for complementing these techniques with biomarkers may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bae Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea. .,Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Sung Woo Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ho Suk Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jong Hyeok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170 beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, South Korea.,Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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18
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Cheung AC, Juran BD, Schlicht EM, McCauley BM, Atkinson EJ, Moore R, Heimbach JK, Watt KD, Wu TT, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ, Sun Z, Lazaridis KN. DNA methylation profile of liver tissue in end-stage cholestatic liver disease. Epigenomics 2022; 14:481-497. [PMID: 35473391 PMCID: PMC9096606 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In this methylome-wide association study of cholestatic liver diseases (primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis), the authors aimed to elucidate changes in methylome and pathway enrichment to identify candidate genes. Patients & methods: Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was performed on liver tissue from 58 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 13), primary biliary cholangitis (n = 20), alcoholic liver disease (n = 21) and live liver donors (n = 4). Pathway enrichment and network analysis were used to explore key genes/pathways. Results: Both cholestatic liver diseases were characterized by global hypomethylation, with pathway enrichment demonstrating distinct genes and pathways associated with the methylome. Conclusions: This novel study demonstrated that differential methylation in cholestatic liver disease was associated with unique pathways, suggesting it may drive disease pathogenesis. While DNA is the permanent code that defines each living being, the epigenome comprises sequences attached to DNA that can change with the environment. This means that abnormal changes to the epigenome may lead to disease and that finding and treating these abnormalities may in turn help treat disease. In this study of liver tissue from individuals with two rare liver diseases, primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis, the authors found that the epigenome of these two conditions is distinct, suggesting that the epigenome is linked to the development of these conditions and may be the key to treating them. Novel study in rare cholestatic liver diseases (primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cholangitis) shows unique methylome changes, which may lead to novel treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Cheung
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Brian D Juran
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Erik M Schlicht
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bryan M McCauley
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Atkinson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Raymond Moore
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Julie K Heimbach
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kymberly D Watt
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tsung-Teh Wu
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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19
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Zhang X, Wu Z, Ma K. SNCA correlates with immune infiltration and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:406. [PMID: 35421944 PMCID: PMC9009002 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The SNCA gene is a critical gene in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathology. Accumulating evidence indicates that SNCA is involved in tumorigenesis; however, the role of SNCA in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential value of SNCA as a prognostic and diagnostic molecular marker in LUAD. Methods In this study, we explored the expression pattern, prognostic value, and promoter methylation status of SNCA in LUAD based on Oncomine, UALCAN, and Kaplan–Meier Plotter. Then, using TIMER, we investigated the correlation between SNCA expression and immune infiltration. And cBioPortal were used to analysis the correlation between SNCA expression and immune checkpoint. The transcriptome data of A549 cells overexpressing SNCA were used to further study the potential immune role of SNCA in LUAD. The effect of SNCA on proliferation of A549 cells were evaluated by CCK-8, EdU and colony formation. Finally, LUAD cell lines treated with 5-aza-dC were used to explore the correlation between increased promoter methylation and downregulated mRNA expression of SNCA. Results In general, the expression level of SNCA in LUAD tissue was lower than that in normal tissue, and high expression of SNCA was related to better prognosis. There were significant positive correlations between SNCA expression and immune infiltrations, including CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, B cells, and CD4+ T cells, and immune checkpoints, suggesting that immune infiltration was one of the reasons for the influence of SNCA on prognosis in LUAD. The transcriptome data of A549 cells overexpressing SNCA were further used to screen the relevant immune-related genes regulated by SNCA. Enrichment analysis confirmed that SNCA participates in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and other key tumor signaling pathways and regulates the expression of MAPK3, SRC, PLCG1, and SHC1. Cellular proliferation assay showed that SNCA could inhabit the growth of A549 cells via inhibiting activity of PI3K/AKT/ mTOR pathway. Finally, analysis of the methylation level of SNCA promoter showed that the promoter methylation negatively correlated with mRNA level. The expression of SNCA in LUAD cell lines was significantly upregulated by treatment with 5-aza-dC. Conclusion High methylation of SNCA promoter in LUAD is one of the reasons for the downregulation of SNCA mRNA level. Given that SNCA could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells and correlates with immune infiltrates, it may serve as a prognostic biomarker in LUAD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09289-7.
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20
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HOXD8 hypermethylation as a fully sensitive and specific biomarker for biliary tract cancer detectable in tissue and bile samples. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1783-1794. [PMID: 35177798 PMCID: PMC9174245 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01738-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are rare but highly aggressive tumours with poor prognosis, usually detected at advanced stages. Herein, we aimed at identifying BTC-specific DNA methylation alterations. Methods Study design included statistical power and sample size estimation. A genome-wide methylation study of an explorative cohort (50 BTC and ten matched non-tumoral tissue samples) has been performed. BTC-specific altered CpG islands were validated in over 180 samples (174 BTCs and 13 non-tumoral controls). The final biomarkers, selected by a machine-learning approach, were validated in independent tissue (18 BTCs, 14 matched non-tumoral samples) and bile (24 BTCs, five non-tumoral samples) replication series, using droplet digital PCR. Results We identified and successfully validated BTC-specific DNA methylation alterations in over 200 BTC samples. The two-biomarker panel, selected by an in-house algorithm, showed an AUC > 0.97. The best-performing biomarker (chr2:176993479-176995557), associated with HOXD8, a pivotal gene in cancer-related pathways, achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity in a new series of tissue and bile samples. Conclusions We identified a novel fully efficient BTC biomarker, associated with HOXD8 gene, detectable both in tissue and bile by a standardised assay ready-to-use in clinical trials also including samples from non-invasive matrices.
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21
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Vedeld HM, Grimsrud MM, Andresen K, Pharo HD, von Seth E, Karlsen TH, Honne H, Paulsen V, Färkkilä MA, Bergquist A, Jeanmougin M, Aabakken L, Boberg KM, Folseraas T, Lind GE. Early and accurate detection of cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis by methylation markers in bile. Hepatology 2022; 75:59-73. [PMID: 34435693 PMCID: PMC9300181 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is associated with increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Early and accurate CCA detection represents an unmet clinical need as the majority of patients with PSC are diagnosed at an advanced stage of malignancy. In the present study, we aimed at establishing robust DNA methylation biomarkers in bile for early and accurate diagnosis of CCA in PSC. APPROACH AND RESULTS Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) was used to analyze 344 bile samples from 273 patients with sporadic and PSC-associated CCA, PSC, and other nonmalignant liver diseases for promoter methylation of cysteine dioxygenase type 1, cannabinoid receptor interacting protein 1, septin 9, and vimentin. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed high AUCs for all four markers (0.77-0.87) for CCA detection among patients with PSC. Including only samples from patients with PSC diagnosed with CCA ≤ 12 months following bile collection increased the accuracy for cancer detection, with a combined sensitivity of 100% (28/28) and a specificity of 90% (20/203). The specificity increased to 93% when only including patients with PSC with longtime follow-up (> 36 months) as controls, and remained high (83%) when only including patients with PSC and dysplasia as controls (n = 23). Importantly, the bile samples from the CCA-PSC ≤ 12 patients, all positive for the biomarkers, included both early-stage and late-stage CCA, different tumor growth patterns, anatomical locations, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels. CONCLUSIONS Using highly sensitive ddPCR to analyze robust epigenetic biomarkers, CCA in PSC was accurately detected in bile, irrespective of clinical and molecular features, up to 12 months before CCA diagnosis. The findings suggest a potential for these biomarkers to complement current detection and screening methods for CCA in patients with PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Marie Vedeld
- Department of Molecular OncologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital–Norwegian Radium HospitalOsloNorway,K. G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Marit M. Grimsrud
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway,Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Kim Andresen
- Department of Molecular OncologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital–Norwegian Radium HospitalOsloNorway,K. G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Heidi D. Pharo
- Department of Molecular OncologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital–Norwegian Radium HospitalOsloNorway,K. G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Erik von Seth
- Department of Medicine HuddingeUnit of Gastroenterology and RheumatologyKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Tom H. Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway,Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Section of GastroenterologyDepartment of Transplantation MedicineDivision of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and TransplantationOslo University Hospital–RikshospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Hilde Honne
- Department of Molecular OncologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital–Norwegian Radium HospitalOsloNorway,K. G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Vemund Paulsen
- Section of GastroenterologyDepartment of Transplantation MedicineDivision of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and TransplantationOslo University Hospital–RikshospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Martti A. Färkkilä
- Department of MedicineDivision of GastroenterologyHelsinki University Hospital and Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
| | - Annika Bergquist
- Department of Medicine HuddingeUnit of Gastroenterology and RheumatologyKarolinska InstitutetKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Marine Jeanmougin
- Department of Molecular OncologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital–Norwegian Radium HospitalOsloNorway,K. G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Lars Aabakken
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Section of GastroenterologyDepartment of Transplantation MedicineDivision of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and TransplantationOslo University Hospital–RikshospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Kirsten M. Boberg
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway,Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Section of GastroenterologyDepartment of Transplantation MedicineDivision of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and TransplantationOslo University Hospital–RikshospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation MedicineOslo University HospitalOsloNorway,Section of GastroenterologyDepartment of Transplantation MedicineDivision of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and TransplantationOslo University Hospital–RikshospitaletOsloNorway
| | - Guro E. Lind
- Department of Molecular OncologyInstitute for Cancer ResearchOslo University Hospital–Norwegian Radium HospitalOsloNorway,K. G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research CentreOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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22
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Singh A, Gupta S, Sachan M. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Potential of Candidate Hypermethylated Genes in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in North Indian Population. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:719056. [PMID: 34778370 PMCID: PMC8581490 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.719056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Most ovarian cancers, despite improvement in management of cancer, are still diagnosed at an advanced stage. Early detection plays an essential role in reducing ovarian cancer mortality and, therefore, is critically needed. Liquid biopsies-based approaches hold significant promise for cancer detection. The present study investigates a panel of epigenetic biomarkers for the detection of epithelial ovarian cancer. A qPCR assay has been developed based on the assessment of DNA methylation markers in circulating cell-free DNA as a minimally invasive tool. Herein, the promoter methylation of seven ovarian cancer-specific genes (RASSF1A, DAPK1, SOX1, HOXA9, HIC1, SPARC, and SFRP1) was analyzed quantitatively in 120 tissue samples by MethyLight assay. The best-performing genes were further evaluated for their methylation status in 70 matched serum cell-free DNA of cancerous and non-cancerous samples. Additionally, DNA methylation patterns of these best-performing genes were validated by clonal bisulfite sequencing. The ROC (Receiver-operator characteristic) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of both individual and combined gene panels. The seven candidate genes displayed a methylation frequency of 61.0-88.0% in tissue samples. The promoter methylation frequencies for all the seven candidate genes were significantly higher in cancer samples than in normal matched controls. In tissue samples, the multiplex MethyLight assay for HOXA9, HIC1, and SOX1 were the best performing gene panels in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The three best-performing genes exhibited individual frequencies of 53.0-71.0% in serum CFDNA, and the multiplex assay for these genes were identified to discriminate serum from cancer patients and healthy individuals (area under the curve: HOXA9+HIC1 = 0.95, HIC1+SOX1 = 0.93 and HOXA9+SOX1 = 0.85). The results of MethyLight showed high concordance with clonal bisulfite sequencing results. Individual genes and combined panel exhibited better discriminatory efficiencies to identify ovarian cancer at various stages of disease when analyzed in tissue and serum cell-free DNA. We report a qPCR-based non-invasive epigenetic biomarker assay with high sensitivity and specificity for OC screening. Our findings also reveal the potential utility of methylation-based detection of circulating cell-free tumor DNA in the clinical management of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
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23
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Manne A, Woods E, Tsung A, Mittra A. Biliary Tract Cancers: Treatment Updates and Future Directions in the Era of Precision Medicine and Immuno-Oncology. Front Oncol 2021; 11:768009. [PMID: 34868996 PMCID: PMC8634105 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.768009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective management of biliary tract cancers (BTCs) has been hampered by limited options for systemic therapy. In recent years, the focus on precision medicine has made technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) accessible to clinicians to identify targetable mutations in BTCs in tumor tissue (primarily) as well as blood, and to treat them with targeted therapies when possible. It has also expanded our understanding of functional pathways associated with genetic alterations and opened doors for identifying novel targets for treatment. Recent advances in the precision medicine approach allowed us to identify new molecular markers in BTCs, such as epigenetic changes (methylation and histone modification) and non-DNA markers such as messenger RNA, microRNA, and long non-coding RNA. It also made detecting these markers from non-traditional sources such as blood, urine, bile, and cytology (from fine-needle aspiration and biliary brushings) possible. As these tests become more accessible, we can see the integration of different molecular markers from all available sources to aid physicians in diagnosing, assessing prognosis, predicting tumor response, and screening BTCs. Currently, there are a handful of approved targeted therapies and only one class of immunotherapy agents (immune checkpoint inhibitors or ICIs) to treat BTCs. Early success with new targets, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), HER2, protein kinase receptor, and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1); new drugs for known targets, fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) such as futabatinib, derazantinib, and erdafitinib; and ICIs such as durvalumab and tremelimumab is encouraging. Novel immunotherapy agents such as bispecific antibodies (bintrafusp alfa), arginase inhibitors, vaccines, and cellular therapy (chimeric antigen receptor-T cell or CAR-T, natural killer cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) have the potential to improve outcomes of BTCs in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Manne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology at the Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Edward Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Arjun Mittra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology at the Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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24
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Sinniah RS, Shapses MS, Ahmed MU, Babiker H, Chandana SR. Novel biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma: how can it enhance diagnosis, prognostication, and investigational drugs? Part-1. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1047-1056. [PMID: 34579607 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1985461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of novel biomarkers for cancer has exploded over the last decade with advances in novel technologies. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer of the bile ducts, has a dearth of strong disease and pathophysiology biomarkers, making early detection and prognostication a difficult task. AREAS COVERED In this comprehensive review, we discuss the spectrum of biomarkers for CCA diagnosis and prognostication. We elaborate on novel biomarker discovery through a comprehensive multi-omics approach. We also cover, how certain biomarkers may also serve as unique and potent targets for therapeutic development. EXPERT OPINION Despite the relatively poor diagnostic and prognostic performance of existing biomarkers for CCA, there is a vast range of novel biomarkers with exquisite diagnostic and prognostic performance for CCA in the pipeline. Moreover, these biomarkers may serve as potential targets for precision medicine. Existing strategies to target unique biomolecular classes are discussed, within the context of an overall 'omics' focused profiling strategy. Omics profiling will simultaneously allow for enhanced biomarker development and identification of unique subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma and how they are influenced by an individual's unique context. In this manner, patient management strategy and clinical trial design can be optimized to the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranu S Sinniah
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Mark S Shapses
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Hani Babiker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Sreenivasa R Chandana
- Phase I Program, Start Midwest, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Cancer and Hematology Centers of Western Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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25
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Carbone A, De Santis E, Cela O, Giambra V, Miele L, Marrone G, Grieco A, Buschbeck M, Capitanio N, Mazza T, Mazzoccoli G. The Histone Variant MacroH2A1 Impacts Circadian Gene Expression and Cell Phenotype in an In Vitro Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081057. [PMID: 34440260 PMCID: PMC8391426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. A foremost risk factor for HCC is obesity/metabolic syndrome-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is prompted by remarkable changes in transcription patterns of genes enriching metabolic, immune/inflammatory, and circadian pathways. Epigenetic mechanisms play a role in NAFLD-associated HCC, and macroH2A1, a variant of histone H2A, is involved in the pathogenesis modulating the expression of oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes and interacting with SIRT1, which crucially impacts the circadian clock circuitry. Hence, we aimed to appraise if and how macroH2A1 regulated the expression patterns of circadian genes in the setting of NAFLD-associated HCC. We took advantage of an in vitro model of liver cancer represented by HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma) cells stably knocked down for macroH2A1 and conducted whole transcriptome profiling and deep phenotyping analysis. We found up-regulation of PER1 along with several deregulated circadian genes, enriching several important pathways and functions related to cancer onset and progression, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle deregulation, and DNA damage. PER1 silencing partially mitigated the malignant phenotype induced by the loss of macroH2A1 in HCC cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest a modulatory role for the core circadian protein PER1 in liver carcinogenesis in the context of a lack of the macroH2A1 epigenetic and transcriptional landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta De Santis
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Olga Cela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (O.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Giambra
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies (ISBReMIT), Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (E.D.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Luca Miele
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Marrone
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.M.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Can Ruti Campus Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (O.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-(0882)-410-255
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26
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Lezirovitz K, Vieira-Silva GA, Batissoco AC, Levy D, Kitajima JP, Trouillet A, Ouyang E, Zebarjadi N, Sampaio-Silva J, Pedroso-Campos V, Nascimento LR, Sonoda CY, Borges VM, Vasconcelos LG, Beck RMO, Grasel SS, Jagger DJ, Grillet N, Bento RF, Mingroni-Netto RC, Oiticica J. A rare genomic duplication in 2p14 underlies autosomal dominant hearing loss DFNA58. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1520-1536. [PMID: 32337552 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we define a ~200 Kb genomic duplication in 2p14 as the genetic signature that segregates with postlingual progressive sensorineural autosomal dominant hearing loss (HL) in 20 affected individuals from the DFNA58 family, first reported in 2009. The duplication includes two entire genes, PLEK and CNRIP1, and the first exon of PPP3R1 (protein coding), in addition to four uncharacterized long non-coding (lnc) RNA genes and part of a novel protein-coding gene. Quantitative analysis of mRNA expression in blood samples revealed selective overexpression of CNRIP1 and of two lncRNA genes (LOC107985892 and LOC102724389) in all affected members tested, but not in unaffected ones. Qualitative analysis of mRNA expression identified also fusion transcripts involving parts of PPP3R1, CNRIP1 and an intergenic region between PLEK and CNRIP1, in the blood of all carriers of the duplication, but were heterogeneous in nature. By in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, we showed that Cnrip1, Plek and Ppp3r1 genes are all expressed in the adult mouse cochlea including the spiral ganglion neurons, suggesting changes in expression levels of these genes in the hearing organ could underlie the DFNA58 form of deafness. Our study highlights the value of studying rare genomic events leading to HL, such as copy number variations. Further studies will be required to determine which of these genes, either coding proteins or non-coding RNAs, is or are responsible for DFNA58 HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lezirovitz
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Gleiciele A Vieira-Silva
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ana C Batissoco
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Débora Levy
- Lipids, Oxidation, and Cell Biology Group, Head, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil
| | | | - Alix Trouillet
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ellen Ouyang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Navid Zebarjadi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juliana Sampaio-Silva
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Pedroso-Campos
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Larissa R Nascimento
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Cindy Y Sonoda
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Vinícius M Borges
- Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Laura G Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto M O Beck
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Signe S Grasel
- Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Jagger
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicolas Grillet
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ricardo F Bento
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Regina C Mingroni-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jeanne Oiticica
- Otorhinolaryngology/LIM32, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil.,Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
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27
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Chen D, Wu H, Feng X, Chen Y, Lv Z, Kota VG, Chen J, Wu W, Lu Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zheng S, Wu J. DNA Methylation of Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1 Promotes Pathogenesis of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Through Suppressing Parkin-Dependent Pyruvate Kinase M2 Ubiquitination. Hepatology 2021; 73:1816-1835. [PMID: 32955740 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Methylation landscape is important for maintaining the silence of cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1 (CNRIP1) in some tumors. However, the role of CNRIP1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains poorly defined. APPROACH AND RESULTS In our study, we showed that CNRIP1 was down-regulated in ICC tissues, and low expression of CNRIP1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with ICC in 3-year overall survival and tumor-free survival. Investigating the genomic DNA methylation profile, we disclosed a CpG island site named CNRIP1 MS-2 (CNRIP1 methylation site-2) that contributes to the down-regulation of CNRIP1. In addition, the methylation level of CNRIP1 MS-2 was correlated to the pathological grade, metastasis, and tumor-node-metastasis classification in ICC. Notably, we observed that CNRIP1 suppressed tumor cell migration, invasion, and proliferation by inhibiting the activity of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Sustained overexpression of CNRIP1 suppressed the in vivo tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. It was also found that CNRIP1 overexpression activated Parkin (an E3 ubiquitin ligase), which resulted in the protein degradation of PKM2 in ICC cells. CONCLUSIONS We identified that CNRIP1 acted as a putative tumor suppressor in ICC, which suggested that CNRIP1 could be a candidate biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence in patients with ICC. Furthermore, these findings highlight a potential therapeutic approach in targeting the CNRIP1/Parkin/PKM2 pathway for the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaode Feng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunhao Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Lv
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vishnu Goutham Kota
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junru Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuejie Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Combined Multiorgan Transplantation, National Health Commission, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Liu B, Li H, Liu X, Li F, Chen W, Kuang Y, Zhao X, Li L, Yu B, Jin X, Li Q. CircZNF208 enhances the sensitivity to X-rays instead of carbon-ions through the miR-7-5p /SNCA signal axis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110012. [PMID: 33892093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely related to the regulation of gene expression during tumour development. However, the role of circRNAs in modulating the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells has not been explored. METHODS Transcriptome sequencing was used to explore the expression profiles of circRNAs in NSCLC. The expression level of circRNAs was changed by inducing instantaneous knockdown or overexpression. Changes in proliferation and radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells were investigated using CCK-8, EDU, and clonal survivals. RESULTS By analysing the circRNA expression profile of NSCLC cells, we found that circRNA ZNF208 (circZNF208) was significantly upregulated in a radioresistant NSCLC cell line (A549-R11), which was acquired from the parental NSCLC cell line A549. Knockout experiments indicated that circZNF208 enhanced the radiosensitivity of A549 and A549-R11 cells to X-rays. Mechanistically, circZNF208 upregulated SNCA expression by acting as a sponge of miR-7-5p and subsequently promoted the resistance of NSCLC cells to low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays. However, this effect was not observed in NSCLC cells exposed to high-LET carbon ions. CONCLUSIONS Knockdown of circZNF208 altered the radiosensitivity of patients with NSCLC to X-rays but did not significantly change the sensitivity to carbon ions. Therefore, circZNF208 might serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment with radiotherapy of different modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtao Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiongxiong Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanbei Kuang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Linying Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boyi Yu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Xu X, Chen D, Feng X, Hu J, Ge J, Yan C, Zhang D, Ling Z, Chen J, Wu J. Apolipoprotein B Is Associated With the Microenvironment of Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654689. [PMID: 33954113 PMCID: PMC8092120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a kind of devastating malignancy, which is correlated with the extremely high mortality. Due to the occult pathogenesis of CCA, most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy is limited for these patients. The cause for this phenomenon is unclear, the recent researches indicate that it could be related to predisposing genetic factors and tumor microenvironment (TME) changes. The TME is created by the tumor and dominated by tumor-induced interactions. And the tumor prognosis could be influenced by the extent of infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells in TME. Materials and methods The abundance ratio of immune cells for each sample was obtained via the CIBERSORT algorithm, and we used ESTIMATE score system to calculate the immune and stromal scores in CCA. The CCA cases in TCGA database were categorized into high and low score groups according to their immune/stromal scores. And then, we identified the differential expressed genes (DEGs) in two groups. Functional enrichment analysis and protein‐protein interaction networks were carried out for DEGs. Interestingly, we found out that apolipoprotein B (APOB) is the most down-regulated among these genes. Then we performed the immunohistochemistry staining of APOB in a CCA tumor microarray which contained 100 CCA cases, APOB was down-regulated in CCA samples. Thus, we evaluated the APOB function in the TME of CCA through TIMER. Results and Conclusion The results demonstrate that the infiltration degree of immune cells in CCA could be influenced by the expression of APOB, and the APOB expression could be mediated by DNA methylation. Our study not only indicates APOB is a potential target for CCA immunotherapy but also provides new ideas for researchers to explore the immunotherapy of various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaode Feng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiating Hu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangzhen Ge
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaobiao Yan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deguo Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenan Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Harada H, Soeno T, Nishizawa N, Washio M, Sakuraya M, Ushiku H, Niihara M, Hosoda K, Kumamoto Y, Naitoh T, Sangai T, Hiki N, Yamashita K. Prospective study to validate the clinical utility of DNA diagnosis of peritoneal fluid cytology test in gastric cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1644-1654. [PMID: 33576114 PMCID: PMC8019217 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of DNA cytology test (CY) in gastric cancer (GC) has been retrospectively proposed using cancer‐specific methylation of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1). We confirmed the clinical utility of DNA CY in a prospective cohort. Four hundred GC samples were prospectively collected for washing cytology (UMIN000026191), and detection of the DNA methylation of CDO1 was assessed by quantitative methylation‐specific PCR in the sediments. Endpoint was defined as the match rate between conventional CY1 and DNA CY1 (diagnostic sensitivity), and the DNA CY0 rate (diagnostic specificity) in pStage IA. DNA CY1 was detected in 45 cases (12.5%), while CY1 was seen in 31 cases (8.6%) of 361 chemotherapy‐naïve samples, where the sensitivity and specificity of the DNA CY in the peritoneal solutions were 74.2% and 96.5%, respectively. The DNA CY was positive for 3.5/0/4.9/11.4/58.8% in pStage IA/IB/II/III/IV, respectively (P < .01). In the multivariate analysis, DNA CY1 was independently correlated with pathological tumor depth (pT) (P = .0012), female gender (P = .0099), CY1 (P = .0135), P1 (P = .019), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (P = .036). The combination of DNA CY1 and P factor nearly all covered the potential peritoneal dissemination (P1 and/or CY1 and/or DNA CY1) (58/61:95.1%). DNA CY1 had a significantly poorer prognosis than DNA CY0 in GC patients (P < .0001). DNA CY1 detected by CDO1 promoter DNA methylation has a great value to detect minimal residual disease of the peritoneum in GC clinics, representing poor prognosis as a novel single DNA marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Harada
- Department of Upper-gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Soeno
- Department of Upper-gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of General, Pediatric and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Marie Washio
- Department of Upper-gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mikiko Sakuraya
- Department of Upper-gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Ushiku
- Department of Upper-gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Niihara
- Department of Upper-gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kei Hosoda
- Department of Upper-gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kumamoto
- Department of General, Pediatric and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sangai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiki
- Department of Upper-gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Upper-gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Department of Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Lorenzo N, Sabina DM, Guido C, Ilaria Grazia Z, Samira S, Valeria A, Daniele C, Diletta O, Antonella G, Marco M, Daniela B, Valerio DP, Andrea O, Agostino Maria DR, Fabio M, Maria Consiglia B, Jessica F, Sara M, Gian Luca G, Pierluigi Benedetti P, Paquale Bartomeo B, Felice G, Vincenzo C, Pietro I, Giuseppina C, Eugenio G, Domenico A. DCLK1, a Putative Stem Cell Marker in Human Cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2021; 73:144-159. [PMID: 32978808 PMCID: PMC8243252 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a very aggressive cancer showing the presence of high cancer stem cells (CSCs). Doublecortin-like kinase1 (DCLK1) has been demonstrated as a CSC marker in different gastroenterological solid tumors. Our aim was to evaluate in vitro the expression and the biological function of DCLK1 in intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) and perihilar CCA (pCCA). APPROACH AND RESULTS Specimens surgically resected of human CCA were enzymatically digested, submitted to immunosorting for specific CSC markers (LGR5 [leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor], CD [clusters of differentiation] 90, EpCAM [epithelial cell adhesion molecule], CD133, and CD13), and primary cell cultures were prepared. DCLK1 expression was analyzed in CCA cell cultures by real-time quantitative PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Functional studies have been performed by evaluating the effects of selective DCLK1 inhibitor (LRRK2-IN-1) on cell proliferation (MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay, cell population doubling time), apoptosis, and colony formation capacity. DCLK1 was investigated in situ by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR. DCLK1 serum concentration was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We describe DCLK1 in CCA with an increased gene and protein DCLK1 expression in pCCALGR5+ and in iCCACD133+ cells compared with unsorted cells. LRRK2-IN-1 showed an anti-proliferative effect in a dose-dependent manner. LRRK2-IN-1 markedly impaired cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased colony formation capacity and colony size in both iCCA and pCCA compared with the untreated cells. In situ analysis confirmed that DCLK1 is present only in tumors, and not in healthy tissue. Interestingly, DCLK1 was detected in the human serum samples of patients with iCCA (high), pCCA (high), HCC (low), and cirrhosis (low), but it was almost undetectable in healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS DCLK1 characterizes a specific CSC subpopulation of iCCACD133+ and pCCALGR5+ , and its inhibition exerts anti-neoplastic effects in primary CCA cell cultures. Human DCLK1 serum might represent a serum biomarker for the early CCA diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevi Lorenzo
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly,Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Di Matteo Sabina
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly,Department of ImmunologyBambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Carpino Guido
- Department of MovementHuman and Health SciencesUniversity of Rome “Foro Italico”RomeItaly
| | | | - Safarikia Samira
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Ambrosino Valeria
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Costantini Daniele
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Overi Diletta
- Department of AnatomicalHistological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Giancotti Antonella
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urologic SciencesUmberto I HospitalSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Monti Marco
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urologic SciencesUmberto I HospitalSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Bosco Daniela
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and CytodiagnosticSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - De Peppo Valerio
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery IRCCSRegina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - Oddi Andrea
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery IRCCSRegina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - De Rose Agostino Maria
- Surgery, Hepatobiliary UnitCatholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine and SurgeryRomeItaly
| | - Melandro Fabio
- Department of General Surgery and Organ TransplantationSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Faccioli Jessica
- Department of Medico‐Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Massironi Sara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milan‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | - Grazi Gian Luca
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery IRCCSRegina Elena National Cancer InstituteRomeItaly
| | - Panici Pierluigi Benedetti
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urologic SciencesUmberto I HospitalSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Giuliante Felice
- Surgery, Hepatobiliary UnitCatholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine and SurgeryRomeItaly
| | - Cardinale Vincenzo
- Department of Medico‐Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Invernizzi Pietro
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Autoimmune Liver DiseasesDepartment of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milan‐BicoccaMonzaItaly,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE‐LIVER)San Gerardo HospitalMonzaItaly
| | | | - Gaudio Eugenio
- Department of AnatomicalHistological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Alvaro Domenico
- Department of Translational and Precision MedicineSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Oliver EE, Hughes EK, Puckett MK, Chen R, Lowther WT, Howlett AC. Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a (CRIP1a) in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121609. [PMID: 33261012 PMCID: PMC7761089 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid signaling depends upon the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and intracellular proteins that mediate responses via the C-terminal and other intracellular receptor domains. The CB1 receptor regulates and is regulated by associated G proteins predominantly of the Gi/o subtypes, β-arrestins 1 and 2, and the cannabinoid receptor-interacting protein 1a (CRIP1a). Evidence for a physiological role for CRIP1a is emerging as data regarding the cellular localization and function of CRIP1a are generated. Here we summarize the neuronal distribution and role of CRIP1a in endocannabinoid signaling, as well as discuss investigations linking CRIP1a to development, vision and hearing sensory systems, hippocampus and seizure regulation, and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. We also examine the genetic and epigenetic association of CRIP1a within a variety of cancer subtypes. This review provides evidence upon which to base future investigations on the function of CRIP1a in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E. Oliver
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 20157, USA; (E.E.O.); (E.K.H.); (M.K.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 20157, USA;
| | - Erin K. Hughes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 20157, USA; (E.E.O.); (E.K.H.); (M.K.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 20157, USA;
| | - Meaghan K. Puckett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 20157, USA; (E.E.O.); (E.K.H.); (M.K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 20157, USA; (E.E.O.); (E.K.H.); (M.K.P.); (R.C.)
| | - W. Todd Lowther
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 20157, USA;
| | - Allyn C. Howlett
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 20157, USA; (E.E.O.); (E.K.H.); (M.K.P.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-716-8545
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Dong Z, Dai L, Zhang Y, Fang C, Shi G, Chen Y, Li J, Wang Q, Fu J, Yu Y, Wang W, Cheng L, Liu Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Su X, Zhang S, Wang F, Qiu M, Zhou Z, Deng H. Hypomethylation of GDNF family receptor alpha 1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and predicts metastasis of colorectal cancer. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009159. [PMID: 33175846 PMCID: PMC7682896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the major cause of poor prognosis and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, early diagnosis of highly metastatic CRC is currently difficult. In the present study, we screened for a novel biomarker, GDNF family receptor alpha 1 (GFRA1) based on the expression and methylation data in CRC patients from The Cancer Genome Altlas (TCGA), followed by further analysis of the correlation between the GFRA1 expression, methylation, and prognosis of patients. Our results show DNA hypomethylation-mediated upregulation of GFRA1 in invasive CRC, and it was found to be correlated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. Furthermore, GFRA1 methylation-modified sequences were found to have potential as methylation diagnostic markers of highly metastatic CRC. The targeted demethylation of GFRA1 by dCas9-TET1CD and gRNA promoted CRC metastasis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, demethylation of GFRA1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by promoting AKT phosphorylation and increasing c-Jun expression in CRC cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that GFRA1 hypomethylation can promote CRC invasion via inducing EMT, and thus, GFRA1 methylation can be used as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of highly metastasis CRC. Abnormal DNA methylation, one of important characteristics in tumor cells, is exploited as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Early diagnosis of highly metastatic CRC will be helpful for the clinical management, thus prolongs patient survival. However, it is currently difficult to make early diagnosis of highly metastatic CRC in clinical practice. Currently, we screened a novel biomarker gene, GFRA1, which associated with the invasion and poor prognosis of CRC. The targeted demethylation of GFRA1 exerted a significant promoting effect on CRC metastasis, and GFRA1 methylation-modified sequences are valuable diagnostic biomarker for CRC metastasis risk assessment. Mechanically, demethylation of GFRA1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by upregulating AKT phosphorylation and c-Jun expression in CRC cells. Our results demonstrate the promoting effect of GFRA1 demethylation on CRC invasion and GFRA1 methylation may be a potential prognostic marker for predicting metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Junshu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan, the People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Rizzo A, Ricci AD, Tavolari S, Brandi G. Circulating Tumor DNA in Biliary Tract Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:441-452. [PMID: 32859625 PMCID: PMC7472453 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood of cancer patients "physiologically" presents cells and cellular components deriving from primary or metastatic sites, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating free DNA (cfDNA) and exosomes containing proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. The term circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) indicates the part of cfDNA which derives from primary tumors and/or metastatic sites, carrying tumor-specific genetic or epigenetic alterations. Analysis of ctDNA has enormous potential applications in all stages of cancer management, including earlier diagnosis of cancer, identification of driver alterations, monitoring of treatment response and detection of resistance mechanisms. Thus, ctDNA has the potential to profoundly change current clinical practice, by moving from tissue to peripheral blood as a source of information. Herein, we review current literature regarding the potential role for ctDNA in biliary tract cancer (BTC) patients, with a particular focus on state-of-the-art techniques and future perspectives of this highly aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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35
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Harada H, Soeno T, Yokoi K, Nishizawa N, Ushiku H, Hosoda K, Hiki N, Yamashita K. Prediction of Efficacy of Postoperative Chemotherapy by DNA Methylation of CDO1 in Gastric Cancer. J Surg Res 2020; 256:404-412. [PMID: 32777557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CDO1 is a presumed tumor suppressor gene in human cancers, the expression of which is silenced by promoter DNA methylation. Moreover, CDO1 harbors functionally oncogenic aspects through modification of mitochondrial membrane potential. We recently proposed that this oncogenic feature allows for the prediction of the efficacy of postoperative chemotherapy in colon cancer. The present study aims to elucidate the efficacy of prediction of success of postoperative chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer to improve the treatment strategy of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forced expression of CDO1 in gastric cancer cell lines was assessed using the JC-1 assay. Promoter DNA methylation was investigated in quantitative TaqMan methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 321 pathological stage II/III advanced gastric cancer cases treated by curative gastrectomy with or without postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS (1) Forced expression of CDO1 led to increased mitochondrial membrane potential, accompanied by augmented survival in gastric cancer cells under anaerobic conditions. These results suggest that CDO1-expressing cancer cells survive more easily in anaerobic lesions which are inaccessible to anticancer drugs. (2) Intriguingly, in cases with the highest CDO1 methylation (ranging from 15% to 40%), patients with postoperative chemotherapy showed significantly better survival than those with no postoperative chemotherapy. (3) A robust prognostic difference was observed that was explained by differential recurrences of distant metastasis (P = 0.0031), followed by lymph node (P = 0.0142) and peritoneal dissemination (P = 0.0472). CONCLUSIONS The oncogenic aspects of CDO1 can be of use to determine patients with gastric cancer who will likely respond to treatment of invisible systemic dissemination by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Harada
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Soeno
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Yokoi
- Department of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of General Pediatric Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Ushiku
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kei Hosoda
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Hiki
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Department of Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
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36
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Vedeld HM, Folseraas T, Lind GE. Detecting cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis - The promise of DNA methylation and molecular biomarkers. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100143. [PMID: 32939446 PMCID: PMC7479288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly fatal malignancy of the bile ducts that arises in up to 20% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Current detection methods for CCA display suboptimal sensitivity and/or specificity, and there is no evidence-based screening strategy for CCA in patients with PSC. Consequently, CCA is often detected too late for surgical resection, contributing to the high mortality associated with this malignancy. Recently, biomarkers have emerged with potential to complement current detection methods, and/or be used for cancer surveillance in high-risk patient groups, including patients with PSC. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns represent promising biomarkers with great potential for CCA detection. Such aberrations are frequent in CCA, often occur early, and can be detected in liquid biopsies, including blood, bile and urine. This review summarises and highlights the most promising DNA methylation biomarkers identified for CCA detection so far, focusing on patients with PSC. Other promising molecular biomarkers for detection of PSC-associated CCA in liquid biopsies will also be briefly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Marie Vedeld
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital - Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Elisabeth Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital - Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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37
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Singh A, Gupta S, Badarukhiya JA, Sachan M. Detection of aberrant methylation of HOXA9 and HIC1 through multiplex MethyLight assay in serum DNA for the early detection of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1740-1752. [PMID: 32191343 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulated evidence revealed that aberrant CpG island hypermethylation plays an important role in carcinogenesis which can serve as a promising target for molecular detection in body fluids. Despite a myriad of attempts to diagnose ovarian cancer (OC) at an early stage, this clinical aim remains a major challenge. To date, no single biomarker is able to accurately detect early OC in either tissue or body fluid. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns in circulating DNA provide highly specific cancer signals. In our study, we establish a novel panel of methylation-specific genes for the development of a TaqMan based qPCR assay to quantify methylation levels. We analyzed promoter methylation of homeobox A9 (HOXA9) and hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) quantitatively in 120 tissue samples and in 70 matched serum cell-free DNA (CFDNA) of cancerous and noncancerous samples by MethyLight assay. HOXA9 and HIC1 methylation occurred in 82.3 and 80.0% of OC tissue samples in singleplex assay, thereby confirming that methylation was highly cancer-specific. When either or both gene promoter showed methylation, the sensitivity was 88.2% with a specificity of 88.6% in tissue samples. The combined sensitivity for this novel marker panel in serum CFDNA was 88.9% (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.95). In contrast, no hypermethylation was observed in serum from matched cancer-free control women. Our results confirm the elevated performance of novel epigenetic marker panel (HOXA9 and HIC1) when analyzed in tissue and matched serum samples. Our findings reveal the potential of this biomarker panel as a suitable diagnostic serum biomarker for early screening of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Manisha Sachan
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, India
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38
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Grimsrud MM, Folseraas T. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of premalignant and malignant stages of cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver Int 2019; 39:2230-2237. [PMID: 31216595 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) confer a high risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The molecular mechanisms of CCA development in PSC are incompletely understood, but pro-oncogenic processes resulting from chronic biliary inflammation are presumably of central importance. Distinguishing benign from malignant biliary strictures in PSC patients is challenging and accurately diagnosing CCA in PSC often requires a multifaceted approach involving imaging, serological testing, biliary brush cytology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Lack of early detection tools leads to a late diagnosis in the majority of cases. Surgical resection or liver transplantation represent the only curative intent treatments in PSC-CCA, but is only an option for the small subset of patients where CCA is detected at an early stage. Current palliative treatment modalities result in only a modest increase in survival. Overall, PSC-CCA carries a dismal prognosis with a 5-year survival less than 20%. Advances aiming at improving strategies for early detection, treatment and surveillance of CCA will be essential to provide better future patient care for PSC patients. Herein, we review the pathogenetic mechanisms for PSC-CCA as well as strategies for diagnosing and managing premalignant and malignant stages of CCA in PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit M Grimsrud
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Folseraas
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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39
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Li JH, Zhu XX, Li FX, Huang CS, Huang XT, Wang JQ, Gao ZX, Li SJ, Xu QC, Zhao W, Yin XY. MFAP5 facilitates the aggressiveness of intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by activating the Notch1 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:476. [PMID: 31775892 PMCID: PMC6882185 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver cancer. The dismal outcome of ICC patients is due to lack of early diagnosis, the aggressive biological behavior of ICC and the lack of effective therapeutic options. Early diagnosis and prognosis of ICC by non-invasive methods would be helpful in providing valuable information and developing effective treatment strategies. METHODS Expression of microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (MFAP5) in the serum of ICC patients was detected by ELISA. Human ICC specimens were immunostained by MFAP5 antibodies. The growth rate of human ICC cell lines treated with MFAP5 or MFAP5 shRNAs was examined by CCK8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle analysis was performed with PI staining. The effect of MFAP5 inhibition was assessed by xenograft models in nude mice. RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses were used to dissect the molecular mechanism by which MFAP5 promoted ICC aggressiveness. RESULTS We identified MFAP5 as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of ICC. Upregulated MFAP5 is a common feature in aggressive ICC patients' tissues. Importantly, MFAP5 level in the serum of ICC patients and healthy individuals showed significant differential expression profiles. Furthermore, we showed that MFAP5 promoted ICC cell growth and G1 to S-phase transition. Using RNA-seq expression and ATAC-seq chromatin accessibility profiling of ICC cells with suppressed MFAP5 secretion, we showed that MFAP5 regulated the expression of genes involved in the Notch1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, FLI-06, a Notch signaling inhibitor, completely abolished the MFAP5-dependent transcriptional programs. CONCLUSIONS Raised MFAP5 serum level is useful for differentiating ICC patients from healthy individuals, and could be helpful in ICC diagnosis, prognosis and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fu-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chen-Song Huang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi-Tai Huang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie-Qin Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhuo-Xing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiong-Cong Xu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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40
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Chen D, Wu H, He B, Lu Y, Wu W, Liu H, Feng X, Chen J, Wu J. Five Hub Genes Can Be The Potential DNA Methylation Biomarkers For Cholangiocarcinoma Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:8355-8365. [PMID: 31632083 PMCID: PMC6793468 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s203342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a subtype of highly malignant hepatic tumor, which has low 5-year survival rate and poor clinical outcome. Only a few patients can be detected early and accepted with the surgery. Most of CCA patients are diagnosed in advanced stage, and the treatments are limited. As for the inoperable, advanced CCA patients, chemotherapy is the main treatment, due to lacking molecular targets, therapeutic effect is limited. Materials and methods To explore potential therapeutic targets for CCA, we analyzed three microarray datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Then, we used GEO2R tools of NCBI to discover the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the CCA and normal liver tumor microarrays (TMA). Subsequently, we used the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID GO) to perform the Gene Ontology function (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Then, we carried out the Cytoscape software to search for the hub genes downregulated in CCA and identify the protein–protein interaction (PPI) of these genes. Besides, we used the GEPIA tool to evaluate the differential expressions of hub genes in CCA patients. Then, we also used MEXPRESS database to detect the promoter methylation levels of hub genes in CCA and normal tissue samples. In addition, we evaluated the expression of these genes in CCA lines and normal bile tract cells after 5-AZA (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) treatment. Results A total of 115 downregulated DEGs were identified. Among them, 10 hub genes with a high degree of connectivity were picked out. Among these 10 hub genes, F2, AHSG, ALDH8A1, SERPIND1 and AGXT showed higher DNA methylation levels of promoter in CCA compared with normal liver tissues. Therefore, these 5 genes may be the potential DNA methylation biomarkers and therapeutic targets in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diyu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejie Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaode Feng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Intuyod K, Armartmuntree N, Jusakul A, Sakonsinsiri C, Thanan R, Pinlaor S. Current omics-based biomarkers for cholangiocarcinoma. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:997-1005. [PMID: 31566016 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1673162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy of the biliary tract. CCA generally has a low incidence worldwide but incidence is typically high in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in northeastern Thailand, where small liver-fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) infection is endemic. CCA has a poor prognosis as most CCA patients present with advanced stages. Poor prognosis and worse outcomes are due to the lack of specific and early-stage CCA biomarkers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the use of CCA tissues, serum and bile samples as sources of diagnostic and prognostic markers by using -omics approaches, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. The current state of the discovery of molecular candidates and their potential to be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CCA are summarized and discussed. Expert opinion: Various potential molecules have been discovered, some of which have been verified as diagnostic biomarkers for CCA. However, most identified molecules require much further evaluation to help us find markers with high specificity, low cost and ease-of-use in routine diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Intuyod
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Napat Armartmuntree
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Chadamas Sakonsinsiri
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Raynoo Thanan
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen , Thailand
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Wang L, Shi J, Huang Y, Liu S, Zhang J, Ding H, Yang J, Chen Z. A six-gene prognostic model predicts overall survival in bladder cancer patients. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:229. [PMID: 31516386 PMCID: PMC6729005 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fatality and recurrence rates of bladder cancer (BC) have progressively increased. DNA methylation is an influential regulator associated with gene transcription in the pathogenesis of BC. We describe a comprehensive epigenetic study performed to analyse DNA methylation-driven genes in BC. Methods Data related to DNA methylation, the gene transcriptome and survival in BC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). MethylMix was used to detect BC-specific hyper-/hypo-methylated genes. Metascape was used to carry out gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-penalized Cox regression was conducted to identify the characteristic dimension decrease and distinguish prognosis-related methylation-driven genes. Subsequently, we developed a six-gene risk evaluation model and a novel prognosis-related nomogram to predict overall survival (OS). A survival analysis was carried out to explore the individual prognostic significance of the six genes. Results In total, 167 methylation-driven genes were identified. Based on the LASSO Cox regression, six genes, i.e., ARHGDIB, LINC00526, IDH2, ARL14, GSTM2, and LURAP1, were selected for the development of a risk evaluation model. The Kaplan–Meier curve indicated that patients in the low-risk group had considerably better OS (P = 1.679e−05). The area under the curve (AUC) of this model was 0.698 at 3 years of OS. The verification performed in subgroups demonstrated the validity of the model. Then, we designed an OS-associated nomogram that included the risk score and clinical factors. The concordance index of the nomogram was 0.694. The methylation levels of IDH2 and ARL14 were appreciably related to the survival results. In addition, the methylation and gene expression-matched survival analysis revealed that ARHGDIB and ARL14 could be used as independent prognostic indicators. Among the six genes, 6 methylation sites in ARHGDIB, 3 in GSTM2, 1 in ARL14, 2 in LINC00526 and 2 in LURAP1 were meaningfully associated with BC prognosis. In addition, several abnormal methylated sites were identified as linked to gene expression. Conclusion We discovered differential methylation in BC patients with better and worse survival and provided a risk evaluation model by merging six gene markers with clinical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- 1Urology Institute of People's Liberation Army, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China.,Unit 32357 of People's Liberation Army, Pujiang, 611630 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhong Shi
- 3Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Huang
- 3Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Liu
- 3Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqi Zhang
- 1Urology Institute of People's Liberation Army, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ding
- 1Urology Institute of People's Liberation Army, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Yang
- 3Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- 1Urology Institute of People's Liberation Army, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038 People's Republic of China
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O'Rourke CJ, Lafuente-Barquero J, Andersen JB. Epigenome Remodeling in Cholangiocarcinoma. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:335-350. [PMID: 31208696 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) comprises a heterogeneous collection of malignancies arising within the biliary tract, characterized by late diagnosis, innate chemoresistance, and abysmal prognosis. Sequencing data have uncovered recurrent mutations in diverse epigenetic regulators, implicating epigenetic destabilization at the root of these tumors. However, few studies have characterized biliary tumor epigenomes. In this Opinion article, we argue that an epigenome-oriented approach to CCA could establish diverse interconnections between many key aspects of research on this disease, including molecular heterogeneity, diverse cells of origin, and prominent tumor microenvironments. Moreover, we discuss plausible causes of epigenome dysregulation in biliary tumors, including genetic, epigenetic, metabolic, microenvironmental, and physiological factors. Lastly, we assess the translational potential of epigenomics in CCA to uncover robust biomarkers and therapeutic opportunities for this growing group of patients with limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm J O'Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Juan Lafuente-Barquero
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Wasenang W, Chaiyarit P, Proungvitaya S, Limpaiboon T. Serum cell-free DNA methylation of OPCML and HOXD9 as a biomarker that may aid in differential diagnosis between cholangiocarcinoma and other biliary diseases. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:39. [PMID: 30832707 PMCID: PMC6399934 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal cancer of the bile duct epithelial cell lining. The misdiagnosis of CCA and other biliary diseases may occur due to the similarity of clinical manifestations and blood tests resulting in inappropriate or delayed treatment. Thus, an accurate and less-invasive method for differentiating CCA from other biliary diseases is inevitable. METHODS We quantified methylation of OPCML, HOXA9, and HOXD9 in serum cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of CCA patients and other biliary diseases using methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM). Their potency as differential biomarkers between CCA and other biliary diseases was also evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS The significant difference of methylation levels of OPCML and HOXD9 was observed in serum cfDNA of CCA compared to other biliary diseases. Assessment of serum cfDNA methylation of OPCML and HOXD9 as differential biomarkers of CCA and other biliary diseases showed the area under curve (AUC) of 0.850 (0.759-0.941) for OPCML which sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were 80.00%, 90.00%, 88.88%, 81.81%, and 85.00%, respectively. The AUC of HOXD9 was 0.789 (0.686-0.892) with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 67.50%, 90.00%, 87.09%, 73.46%, and 78.75%, respectively. The combined marker between OPCML and HOXD9 showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 62.50%, 100%, 100%, and 72.72%, respectively, which may be helpful to prevent a misdiagnosis between CCA and other biliary diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the application of serum cfDNA methylation of OPCML and HOXD9 for differential diagnosis of CCA and other biliary diseases due to its less invasiveness and clinically practical method which may benefit the patients by preventing the misdiagnosis of CCA and avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiphawan Wasenang
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ponlatham Chaiyarit
- Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Proungvitaya
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Temduang Limpaiboon
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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45
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Huang J, Zhang S, Mo F, Su S, Chen X, Li Y, Fang L, Huang H, Deng J, Liu H, Yang X, Zheng J. An electrochemical DNA biosensor analytic technique for identifying DNA methylation specific sites and quantify DNA methylation level. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 127:155-160. [PMID: 30597434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We herein developed a novel electrochemical biosensor to detect DNA methylation level, and to quantitatively analyze multiple methylated sites. Graphene oxide was modified with anti-5-methylcytosine antibody to specifically bind CpG methylation sites, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled IgG secondary antibody was bound to the former antibody. In buffer containing H2O2 and hydroquinone, HRP-IgG catalyzed the oxidation of hydroquinone into benzoquinone over H2O2, thereby generating electrochemical reduction signals. The number of 5-methylcytosine was directly proportional to current signal, thereby allowing accurate quantification of methylation level. We also analyzed monomethylated target sequences with different sites. After different methylated sites were captured by the probe, the steric hindrance differences between -CH3 hydrophobic sphere and the electrode surface were induced. The peak current decreased with reducing distance from the electrode surface, so DNA methylation sites were identified by measuring corresponding peak current responses. With a low detection limit (1 fM), this DNA biosensor was suitable for ultrasensitive DNA methylation detection. The linear detection range was 10-15 M to 10-8 M. Meanwhile, this method had high specificity, stability and repeatability, thus being widely applicable to the clinical detection of DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Clinical and military Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550525, China
| | - Fei Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550525, China
| | - Shasha Su
- Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550525, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Medical Laboratory, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550525, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical and military Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lichao Fang
- Department of Clinical and military Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Clinical and military Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Clinical and military Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- Department of Clinical and military Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of laboratory medicine, the General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Junsong Zheng
- Department of Clinical and military Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Yamashita K, Hosoda K, Nishizawa N, Katoh H, Watanabe M. Epigenetic biomarkers of promoter DNA methylation in the new era of cancer treatment. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3695-3706. [PMID: 30264476 PMCID: PMC6272087 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoter DNA methylation, which occurs on cytosine nucleotides across CpG islands, results in gene silencing and represents a major epigenetic alteration in human cancer. Methylation-specific PCR can amplify these modifications as markers in cancer cells. In the present work, we rigorously review the published literatures describing DNA methylation in the promoters of critical tumor suppressor genes; detection of promoter DNA methylation in various body fluids permits early detection of cancer cells during perioperative courses of clinical treatment. The latest whole-genome comprehensive explorations identified excellent epigenetic biomarkers that could be detected at high frequency with high specificity; these biomarkers, which are designated highly relevant methylation genes (HRMG), permit the discrimination of tumor tissues from the corresponding normal tissues; these markers are also associated with unique cancer phenotypes, including dismal prognosis. In humans, HRMG include the CDO1, GSHR, RASSF1 and SFRP1 genes, with these markers permitting discrimination depending on the organs tested. The combination of several HRMG increased the early detection of cancer and exhibited reliable surveillance potential in human body fluids. Cancer clinics using such epigenetic biomarkers are entering a new era of enhanced decision-making with the potential for improved cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamashita
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Research and Development Center for New Medical FrontiersKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Kei Hosoda
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | | | - Hiroshi Katoh
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- SurgeryKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaKanagawaJapan
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Nakamoto S, Kumamoto Y, Igarashi K, Fujiyama Y, Nishizawa N, Ei S, Tajima H, Kaizu T, Watanabe M, Yamashita K. Methylated promoter DNA of CDO1 gene and preoperative serum CA19-9 are prognostic biomarkers in primary extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205864. [PMID: 30325974 PMCID: PMC6191141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoter DNA methylation of Cysteine dioxygenase type1 (CDO1) gene has been clarified as a molecular diagnostic and prognostic indicator in various human cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical relevance of CDO1 methylation in primary biliary tract cancer (BTC). METHODS CDO1 DNA methylation was assessed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR in 108 BTC tumor tissues and 101 corresponding normal tissues. BTC was composed of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) (n = 81) and ampullary carcinoma (AC) (n = 27). RESULTS The CDO1 methylation value in the tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the corresponding normal tissues (p<0.0001). The overall survival (OS) in EHCC patients with hypermethylation was poorer than those with hypomethylation (p = 0.0018), whereas there was no significant difference in AC patients. Multivariate analysis identified that CDO1 hypermethylation, preoperative serum CA19-9 and perineural invasion were independent prognostic factors in EHCC. The EHCC patients with CDO1 hypermethylation exhibited more dismal prognosis than those with hypomethylation even in low group of CA19-9 level (p = 0.0006). CONCLUSIONS Our study provided evidence that promoter DNA methylation of CDO1 gene could be an excellent molecular diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in primary EHCC. The combination of CDO1 methylation and preoperative serum CA19-9 effectively enriched EHCC patients who showed the most dismal prognosis. These markers would be beneficial for clinical clarification of the optimal strategies in EHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Nakamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kumamoto
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Igarashi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Fujiyama
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigenori Ei
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tajima
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaizu
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University Hospital, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Yokoi K, Harada H, Yokota K, Ishii S, Tanaka T, Nishizawa N, Shimazu M, Kojo K, Miura H, Yamanashi T, Sato T, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Yamashita K. Epigenetic Status of CDO1 Gene May Reflect Chemosensitivity in Colon Cancer with Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2018; 26:406-414. [PMID: 30311169 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) acts as a tumor suppressor gene, and its expression is regulated by promoter DNA methylation in human cancer. The metabolic product mediated by CDO1 enzyme increases mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), putatively representing chemoresistance. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional relevance of CDO1 gene in colon cancer with chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We investigated 170 stage III colon cancer patients for CDO1 methylation by using quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To elucidate the functional role of CDO1 gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) biology, we established cell lines that stably express CDO1 gene and evaluated chemosensitivity, MMP, and tolerability assay including anaerobic environment. RESULTS Hypermethylation of CDO1 gene was an independent prognostic factor for stage III colon cancer on multivariate prognostic analysis. Surprisingly, patients with CDO1 hypermethylation exhibited better prognosis than those with CDO1 hypomethylation in stage III colon cancer with postoperative chemotherapy (P = 0.03); however, a similar finding was not seen in those without postoperative chemotherapy. In some CRC cell lines, forced expression of CDO1 gene increased MMP accompanied by chemoresistance and/or tolerance under hypoxia. CONCLUSION CDO1 methylation may be a useful biomarker to increase the number of stage III colon cancer patients who can be saved by adjuvant therapy. Such clinical relevance may represent the functionally oncogenic property of CDO1 gene through MMP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Yokoi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Harada
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yokota
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimazu
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ken Kojo
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Miura
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamanashi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. .,Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Department of Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Vedeld HM, Goel A, Lind GE. Epigenetic biomarkers in gastrointestinal cancers: The current state and clinical perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 51:36-49. [PMID: 29253542 PMCID: PMC7286571 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Each year, almost 4.1 million people are diagnosed with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Due to late detection of this disease, the mortality is high, causing approximately 3 million cancer-related deaths annually, worldwide. Although the incidence and survival differs according to organ site, earlier detection and improved prognostication have the potential to reduce overall mortality burden from these cancers. Epigenetic changes, including aberrant promoter DNA methylation, are common events in both cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, such changes may be identified non-invasively with the use of PCR based methods, in bodily fluids of cancer patients. These features make aberrant DNA methylation a promising substrate for the development of disease biomarkers for early detection, prognosis and for predicting response to therapy. In this article, we will provide an update and current clinical perspectives for DNA methylation alterations in patients with colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, liver and esophageal cancers, and discuss their potential role as cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hege Marie Vedeld
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, and Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Guro E Lind
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Kojima K, Nakamura T, Ohbu M, Katoh H, Ooizumi Y, Igarashi K, Ishii S, Tanaka T, Yokoi K, Nishizawa N, Yokota K, Kosaka Y, Sato T, Watanabe M, Yamashita K. Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1) gene promoter methylation during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194785. [PMID: 29746493 PMCID: PMC5944981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been explained by genomic abnormalities along with the adenoma-carcinoma sequence theory (ACS). The aim of our study is to elucidate whether the promoter DNA methylation of the cancer-specific methylation gene, cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1), contributes to the carcinogenic process in CRC. METHODS The study group comprised 107 patients with CRC who underwent surgical resection and 90 adenomas treated with endoscopic resection in the Kitasato University Hospital in 2000. We analyzed the extent of methylation in each tissue using quantitative TaqMan methylation-specific PCR for CDO1. RESULTS The methylation level increased along with the ACS process (p < 0.0001), and statistically significant differences were found between normal-appearing mucosa (NAM) and low-grade adenoma (p < 0.0001), and between low-grade adenoma and high-grade adenoma (p = 0.01), but not between high-grade adenoma and cancer with no liver metastasis. Furthermore, primary CRC cancers with liver metastasis harbored significantly higher methylation of CDO1 than those without liver metastasis (p = 0.02). As a result, the area under the curve by CDO1 promoter methylation was 0.96, 0.80, and 0.67 to discriminate cancer from NAM, low-grade adenoma from NAM, and low-grade adenoma from high-grade adenoma, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CDO1 methylation accumulates during the ACS process, and consistently contributes to CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohbu
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ooizumi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Igarashi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Yokoi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yokota
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Sato
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Division of Advanced Surgical Oncology, Department of Research and Development Center for New Medical Frontiers, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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