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Gong X, Fan Z, Xu H, Qu Y, Li B, Li L, Yan Y, Wu L, Yan C. GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 mediate contextual fear generalization in PTSD rats. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38705582 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Fear overgeneralization is widely accepted as a pathogenic marker of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recently, GABAergic interneurons have been regarded as key players in the regulation of fear memory. The role of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons in contextual fear generalization of PTSD remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we established a rat model of PTSD with inescapable foot shocks (IFS) and observed the loss of GABAergic interneuron phenotype in the hippocampal cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) subfield. To determine whether the loss of GABAergic interneuron phenotype was associated with fear generalization in PTSD rats, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) to reduce the expression of GAD67 in CA1 and observed its effect on fear generalization. The results showed that the reduction of GAD67 in CA1 enhanced contextual fear generalization in rats. We investigated whether the PERK pathway was involved in the GABAergic interneuron injury. Increased expression of p-PERK, CHOP, and Caspase12 in GABAergic interneurons of PTSD rats was observed. Then, we used salubrinal, an endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, to modulate the PERK pathway. The salubrinal treatment significantly protected the GABAergic interneurons and relieved fear generalization in PTSD rats. In addition, the results showed that salubrinal down-regulated the expression of CHOP and Caspase12 in GABAergic interneurons of PTSD rats. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that the loss of GABAergic interneuron phenotype in CA1 may contribute to contextual fear generalization in PTSD. The PERK pathway is involved in the GABAergic interneuron injury of PTSD rats and modulating it can protect GABAergic interneurons and constrain contextual fear generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Gong
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Fan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanfang Xu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bozhi Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanxin Li
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Yan
- Research Center for Basic Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Palmisano A, Pandit S, Smeralda CL, Demchenko I, Rossi S, Battelli L, Rivolta D, Bhat V, Santarnecchi E. The Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Gamma-Band Alterations in Psychiatric Disorders. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:578. [PMID: 38792599 PMCID: PMC11122172 DOI: 10.3390/life14050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating the biophysiological substrates of psychiatric illnesses is of great interest to our understanding of disorders' etiology, the identification of reliable biomarkers, and potential new therapeutic avenues. Schizophrenia represents a consolidated model of γ alterations arising from the aberrant activity of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons, whose dysfunction is associated with perineuronal net impairment and neuroinflammation. This model of pathogenesis is supported by molecular, cellular, and functional evidence. Proof for alterations of γ oscillations and their underlying mechanisms has also been reported in bipolar disorder and represents an emerging topic for major depressive disorder. Although evidence from animal models needs to be further elucidated in humans, the pathophysiology of γ-band alteration represents a common denominator for different neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this narrative review is to outline a framework of converging results in psychiatric conditions characterized by γ abnormality, from neurochemical dysfunction to alterations in brain rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Palmisano
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Siddhartha Pandit
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
| | - Carmelo L. Smeralda
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ilya Demchenko
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simone Rossi
- Siena Brain Investigation and Neuromodulation (SI-BIN) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Lorella Battelli
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Davide Rivolta
- Department of Education, Psychology, and Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Venkat Bhat
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, St. Michael’s Hospital—Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (I.D.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience and Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA (E.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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3
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Moujaes F, Ji JL, Rahmati M, Burt JB, Schleifer C, Adkinson BD, Savic A, Santamauro N, Tamayo Z, Diehl C, Kolobaric A, Flynn M, Rieser N, Fonteneau C, Camarro T, Xu J, Cho Y, Repovs G, Fineberg SK, Morgan PT, Seifritz E, Vollenweider FX, Krystal JH, Murray JD, Preller KH, Anticevic A. Ketamine induces multiple individually distinct whole-brain functional connectivity signatures. eLife 2024; 13:e84173. [PMID: 38629811 PMCID: PMC11023699 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ketamine has emerged as one of the most promising therapies for treatment-resistant depression. However, inter-individual variability in response to ketamine is still not well understood and it is unclear how ketamine's molecular mechanisms connect to its neural and behavioral effects. Methods We conducted a single-blind placebo-controlled study, with participants blinded to their treatment condition. 40 healthy participants received acute ketamine (initial bolus 0.23 mg/kg, continuous infusion 0.58 mg/kg/hr). We quantified resting-state functional connectivity via data-driven global brain connectivity and related it to individual ketamine-induced symptom variation and cortical gene expression targets. Results We found that: (i) both the neural and behavioral effects of acute ketamine are multi-dimensional, reflecting robust inter-individual variability; (ii) ketamine's data-driven principal neural gradient effect matched somatostatin (SST) and parvalbumin (PVALB) cortical gene expression patterns in humans, while the mean effect did not; and (iii) behavioral data-driven individual symptom variation mapped onto distinct neural gradients of ketamine, which were resolvable at the single-subject level. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of considering individual behavioral and neural variation in response to ketamine. They also have implications for the development of individually precise pharmacological biomarkers for treatment selection in psychiatry. Funding This study was supported by NIH grants DP5OD012109-01 (A.A.), 1U01MH121766 (A.A.), R01MH112746 (J.D.M.), 5R01MH112189 (A.A.), 5R01MH108590 (A.A.), NIAAA grant 2P50AA012870-11 (A.A.); NSF NeuroNex grant 2015276 (J.D.M.); Brain and Behavior Research Foundation Young Investigator Award (A.A.); SFARI Pilot Award (J.D.M., A.A.); Heffter Research Institute (Grant No. 1-190420) (FXV, KHP); Swiss Neuromatrix Foundation (Grant No. 2016-0111) (FXV, KHP); Swiss National Science Foundation under the framework of Neuron Cofund (Grant No. 01EW1908) (KHP); Usona Institute (2015 - 2056) (FXV). Clinical trial number NCT03842800.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Moujaes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Masih Rahmati
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Joshua B Burt
- Department of Physics, Yale UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Charles Schleifer
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Brendan D Adkinson
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | | | - Nicole Santamauro
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Zailyn Tamayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Caroline Diehl
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | | | - Morgan Flynn
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleUnited States
| | - Nathalie Rieser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Clara Fonteneau
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Terry Camarro
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Junqian Xu
- Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Youngsun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Grega Repovs
- Department of Psychology, University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Sarah K Fineberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Peter T Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Bridgeport HospitalBridgeportUnited States
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Franz X Vollenweider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - John D Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Physics, Yale UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Psychology, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Katrin H Preller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital for Psychiatry ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
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Dirven BCJ, van Melis L, Daneva T, Dillen L, Homberg JR, Kozicz T, Henckens MJAG. Hippocampal Trauma Memory Processing Conveying Susceptibility to Traumatic Stress. Neuroscience 2024; 540:87-102. [PMID: 38220126 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
While the majority of the population is ever exposed to a traumatic event during their lifetime, only a fraction develops posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Disrupted trauma memory processing has been proposed as a core factor underlying PTSD symptomatology. We used transgenic Targeted-Recombination-in-Active-Populations (TRAP) mice to investigate potential alterations in trauma-related hippocampal memory engrams associated with the development of PTSD-like symptomatology. Mice were exposed to a stress-enhanced fear learning paradigm, in which prior exposure to a stressor affects the learning of a subsequent fearful event (contextual fear conditioning using foot shocks), during which neuronal activity was labeled. One week later, mice were behaviorally phenotyped to identify mice resilient and susceptible to developing PTSD-like symptomatology. Three weeks post-learning, mice were re-exposed to the conditioning context to induce remote fear memory recall, and associated hippocampal neuronal activity was assessed. While no differences in the size of the hippocampal neuronal ensemble activated during fear learning were observed between groups, susceptible mice displayed a smaller ensemble activated upon remote fear memory recall in the ventral CA1, higher regional hippocampal parvalbuminneuronal density and a relatively lower activity of parvalbumininterneurons upon recall. Investigation of potential epigenetic regulators of the engram revealed rather generic (rather than engram-specific) differences between groups, with susceptible mice displaying lower hippocampal histone deacetylase 2 expression, and higher methylation and hydroxymethylation levels. These finding implicate variation in epigenetic regulation within the hippocampus, as well as reduced regional hippocampal activity during remote fear memory recall in interindividual differences in susceptibility to traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart C J Dirven
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart van Melis
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Teya Daneva
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke Dillen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Center for Individualized Medicine, Department of Clinical Genomics, and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; University of Pecs Medical School, Department of Anatomy, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Marloes J A G Henckens
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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5
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Hassan G, Kamar SA, Rady HY, Abdelrahim DS, Abdel Hay Ibrahim NH, Lasheen NN. A study of roflumilast treatment on functional and structural changes in hippocampus in depressed Adult male Wistar rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296187. [PMID: 38315652 PMCID: PMC10843119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common stress disability disorder that affects higher mental functions including emotion, cognition, and behavior. It may be mediated by inflammatory cytokines that interfere with neuroendocrine function, and synaptic plasticity. Therefore, reductions in inflammation might contribute to treatment response. The current study aims to evaluate the role of Protein Kinase (PKA)- cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)- brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) signaling pathway in depression and the effects of roflumilast (PDE4 inhibitor) as potential antidepressant on the activity of the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway, histology, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Forty Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Control group, Positive Control group: similar to the controls but received Roflumilast (3 mg / kg / day) by oral gavage for the last 4 weeks of the experiment, Depressed group which were exposed to chronic stress for 6 weeks, and Roflumilast-treated group which were exposed to chronic stress for 6 weeks and treated by Roflumilast (3 mg / kg / day) by oral gavage for the last 4 weeks of the experiment. The depressed group showed significant increase in immobility time with significant decrease in swimming and struggling times, significant decrease in hippocampal PKA, CERB, BDNF, Dopamine, Cortisone, and Superoxide dismutase while hippocampal Phosphodiesterase-E4, Interleukin-6, and Malondialdhyde levels were significantly elevated. These findings were significantly reversed upon Roflumilast treatment. Therefore, it could be concluded that depression is a neurodegenerative inflammatory disease and oxidative stress plays a key role in depression. Roflumilast treatment attenuated the depression behavior in rats denoting its neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghida Hassan
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif A. Kamar
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hagar Yousry Rady
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Anatomy Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Sayed Abdelrahim
- Clinical Pharmacology department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Noha N. Lasheen
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Associate Professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
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6
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Stanisavljević Ilić A, Đorđević S, Inta D, Borgwardt S, Filipović D. Olanzapine Effects on Parvalbumin/GAD67 Cell Numbers in Layers/Subregions of Dorsal Hippocampus of Chronically Socially Isolated Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17181. [PMID: 38139008 PMCID: PMC10743576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is linked to changes in GABAergic inhibitory neurons, especially parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, which are susceptible to redox dysregulation. Olanzapine (Olz) is an atypical antipsychotic whose mode of action remains unclear. We determined the effect of Olz on PV-positive (+) and glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) + cell numbers in the layers of dorsal hippocampus (dHIPP) cornu ammonis (CA1-CA3) and dentate gyrus (DG) subregions in rats exposed to chronic social isolation (CSIS), which is an animal model of depression. Antioxidative enzymes and proinflammatory cytokine levels were also examined. CSIS decreased the PV+ cell numbers in the Stratum Oriens (SO) and Stratum Pyramidale (SP) of dCA1 and dDG. It increased interleukin-6 (IL-6), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) levels, and it decreased catalase (CAT) protein levels. Olz in CSIS increased the number of GAD67+ cells in the SO and SP layers of dCA1 with no effect on PV+ cells. It reduced the PV+ and GAD67+ cell numbers in the Stratum Radiatum of dCA3 in CSIS. Olz antagonizes the CSIS-induced increase in CuZnSOD, CAT and SOCS3 protein levels with no effect on IL-6. Data suggest that the protective Olz effects in CSIS may be mediated by altering the number of PV+ and GAD67+ cells in dHIPP subregional layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Stanisavljević Ilić
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Snežana Đorđević
- Poisoning Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dragoš Inta
- Department for Community Health Faculty of Natural Sciences, Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Dragana Filipović
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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7
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Southey BR, Johnson RW, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Influence of Maternal Immune Activation and Stressors on the Hippocampal Metabolome. Metabolites 2023; 13:881. [PMID: 37623825 PMCID: PMC10456262 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress often results in maternal immune activation (MIA) that can impact prenatal brain development, molecular processes, and substrates and products of metabolism that participate in physiological processes at later stages of life. Postnatal metabolic and immunological stressors can affect brain metabolites later in life, independently or in combination with prenatal stressors. The effects of prenatal and postnatal stressors on hippocampal metabolites were studied using a pig model of viral MIA exposed to immunological and metabolic stressors at 60 days of age using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Postnatal stress and MIA elicited effects (FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.1) on fifty-nine metabolites, while eight metabolites exhibited an interaction effect. The hippocampal metabolites impacted by MIA or postnatal stress include 4-aminobutanoate (GABA), adenine, fumarate, glutamate, guanine, inosine, ornithine, putrescine, pyruvate, and xanthine. Metabolites affected by MIA or postnatal stress encompassed eight significantly (FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.1) enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Database (KEGG) pathways. The enriched arginine biosynthesis and glutathione metabolism pathways included metabolites that are also annotated for the urea cycle and polyamine biosynthesis pathways. Notably, the prenatal and postnatal challenges were associated with disruption of the glutathione metabolism pathway and changes in the levels of glutamic acid, glutamate, and purine nucleotide metabolites that resemble patterns elicited by drugs of abuse and may underlie neuroinflammatory processes. The combination of MIA and postnatal stressors also supported the double-hit hypothesis, where MIA amplifies the impact of stressors later in life, sensitizing the hippocampus of the offspring to future challenges. The metabolites and pathways characterized in this study offer evidence of the role of immunometabolism in understanding the impact of MIA and stressors later in life on memory, spatial navigation, neuropsychiatric disorders, and behavioral disorders influenced by the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce R. Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.W.J.); (S.L.R.-Z.)
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.W.J.); (S.L.R.-Z.)
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.W.J.); (S.L.R.-Z.)
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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8
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Favoretto CA, Pagliusi M, Morais-Silva G. Involvement of brain cell phenotypes in stress-vulnerability and resilience. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1175514. [PMID: 37476833 PMCID: PMC10354562 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1175514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related disorders' prevalence is epidemically increasing in modern society, leading to a severe impact on individuals' well-being and a great economic burden on public resources. Based on this, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which stress induces these disorders. The study of stress made great progress in the past decades, from deeper into the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to the understanding of the involvement of a single cell subtype on stress outcomes. In fact, many studies have used state-of-the-art tools such as chemogenetic, optogenetic, genetic manipulation, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the role of specific cell subtypes in the stress response. In this review, we aim to gather studies addressing the involvement of specific brain cell subtypes in stress-related responses, exploring possible mechanisms associated with stress vulnerability versus resilience in preclinical models. We particularly focus on the involvement of the astrocytes, microglia, medium spiny neurons, parvalbumin neurons, pyramidal neurons, serotonergic neurons, and interneurons of different brain areas in stress-induced outcomes, resilience, and vulnerability to stress. We believe that this review can shed light on how diverse molecular mechanisms, involving specific receptors, neurotrophic factors, epigenetic enzymes, and miRNAs, among others, within these brain cell subtypes, are associated with the expression of a stress-susceptible or resilient phenotype, advancing the understanding/knowledge on the specific machinery implicate in those events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Aparecida Favoretto
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Pagliusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gessynger Morais-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Shi HJ, Wang S, Wang XP, Zhang RX, Zhu LJ. Hippocampus: Molecular, Cellular, and Circuit Features in Anxiety. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1009-1026. [PMID: 36680709 PMCID: PMC10264315 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are currently a major psychiatric and social problem, the mechanisms of which have been only partially elucidated. The hippocampus serves as a major target of stress mediators and is closely related to anxiety modulation. Yet so far, its complex anatomy has been a challenge for research on the mechanisms of anxiety regulation. Recent advances in imaging, virus tracking, and optogenetics/chemogenetics have permitted elucidation of the activity, connectivity, and function of specific cell types within the hippocampus and its connected brain regions, providing mechanistic insights into the elaborate organization of the hippocampal circuitry underlying anxiety. Studies of hippocampal neurotransmitter systems, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems, have contributed to the interpretation of the underlying neural mechanisms of anxiety. Neuropeptides and neuroinflammatory factors are also involved in anxiety modulation. This review comprehensively summarizes the hippocampal mechanisms associated with anxiety modulation, based on molecular, cellular, and circuit properties, to provide tailored targets for future anxiety treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201108, China.
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Sałaciak K, Koszałka A, Lustyk K, Żmudzka E, Jagielska A, Pytka K. Memory impairments in rodent depression models: A link with depression theories. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110774. [PMID: 37088171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
More than 80% of depressed patients struggle with learning new tasks, remembering positive events, or concentrating on a single topic. These neurocognitive deficits accompanying depression may be linked to functional and structural changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. However, their mechanisms are not yet completely understood. We conducted a narrative review of articles regarding animal studies to assess the state of knowledge. First, we argue the contribution of changes in neurotransmitters and hormone levels in the pathomechanism of cognitive dysfunction in animal depression models. Then, we used numerous neuroinflammation studies to explore its possible implication in cognitive decline. Encouragingly, we also observed a positive correlation between increased oxidative stress and a depressive-like state with concomitant memory deficits. Finally, we discuss the undeniable role of neurotrophin deficits in developing cognitive decline in animal models of depression. This review reveals the complexity of depression-related memory impairments and highlights the potential clinical importance of gathered findings for developing more reliable animal models and designing novel antidepressants with procognitive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałaciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Koszałka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żmudzka
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna, 9 Street, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Angelika Jagielska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland.
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11
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Extracellular zinc regulates contextual fear memory formation in male rats through MMP-BDNF-TrkB pathway in dorsal hippocampus and basolateral amygdala. Behav Brain Res 2023; 439:114230. [PMID: 36442645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Large amount of zinc (100 µM even up to 300 µM) is released from the nerve terminals in response to high frequency neuronal stimulation in certain brain regions including hippocampus and amygdala. However, its precise pharmacological effect is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of extracellular zinc (endogenous zinc) and exogenous zinc in memory formation using contextual fear conditioning (CFC) model. Male Sprague Dawley rats were trained for fear conditioning followed by in vivo microdialysis for collection of microdialysate samples from CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Extracellular zinc chelator CaEDTA, BDNF scavenger TrkB-Fc, exogenous 7,8-DHF and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitor were infused into the CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus and BLA after CFC. Different doses of exogenous zinc hydroaspartate were administered intraperitoneally immediately after CFC. We found that CFC increased the level of extracellular zinc in the hippocampus and BLA. Infusing the CaEDTA, TrkB-Fc and MMP inhibitor into the CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus and BLA disrupted the fear memory formation. Furthermore, administration of TrKB agonist 7,8-DHF reversed the inhibitory effect of CaEDTA on fear memory formation, suggesting that extracellular zinc may regulate fear memory formation via the BDNF-TrKB pathway. We also found that high dose of exogenous zinc hydroaspartate supplementation increased extracellular zinc levels in brain and enhanced fear memory formation. Altogether, these findings indicate that extracellular zinc may participate in formation of contextual fear memory through MMP-BDNF-TrkB pathway in the hippocampus and BLA.
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12
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Kim EG, Chang W, Shin S, Adhikari AS, Seol GH, Song DY, Min SS. Maternal separation in mice leads to anxiety-like/aggressive behavior and increases immunoreactivity for glutamic acid decarboxylase and parvalbumin in the adolescence ventral hippocampus. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:113-125. [PMID: 36575939 PMCID: PMC9806646 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that stressful events in early life influence behavior in adulthood and are associated with different psychiatric disorders, such as major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorder. Maternal separation (MS) is a representative animal model for reproducing childhood stress. It is used as an animal model for depression, and has well-known effects, such as increasing anxiety behavior and causing abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This study investigated the effect of MS on anxiety or aggression-like behavior and the number of GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus. Mice were separated from their dams for four hours per day for 19 d from postnatal day two. Elevated plus maze (EPM) test, resident-intruder (RI) test, and counted glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) or parvalbumin (PV) positive cells in the hippocampus were executed using immunohistochemistry. The maternal segregation group exhibited increased anxiety and aggression in the EPM test and the RI test. GAD67-positive neurons were increased in the hippocampal regions we observed: dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. PV-positive neurons were increased in the DG, CA3, presubiculum, and parasubiculum. Consistent with behavioral changes, corticosterone was increased in the MS group, suggesting that the behavioral changes induced by MS were expressed through the effect on the HPA axis. Altogether, MS alters anxiety and aggression levels, possibly through alteration of cytoarchitecture and output of the ventral hippocampus that induces the dysfunction of the HPA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eu-Gene Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea
| | - Wonseok Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea
| | - SangYep Shin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea,Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Anjana Silwal Adhikari
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, Korea University School of Nursing, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Song
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea,Correspondence Dae-Yong Song, E-mail: , Sun Seek Min, E-mail:
| | - Sun Seek Min
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Korea,Correspondence Dae-Yong Song, E-mail: , Sun Seek Min, E-mail:
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13
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Calis D, Hess M, Marchetta P, Singer W, Modro J, Nelissen E, Prickaerts J, Sandner P, Lukowski R, Ruth P, Knipper M, Rüttiger L. Acute deletion of the central MR/GR steroid receptor correlates with changes in LTP, auditory neural gain, and GC-A cGMP signaling. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1017761. [PMID: 36873102 PMCID: PMC9983609 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1017761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex mechanism by which stress can affect sensory processes such as hearing is still poorly understood. In a previous study, the mineralocorticoid (MR) and/or glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were deleted in frontal brain regions but not cochlear regions using a CaMKIIα-based tamoxifen-inducible Cre ERT2/loxP approach. These mice exhibit either a diminished (MRTMXcKO) or disinhibited (GRTMXcKO) auditory nerve activity. In the present study, we observed that mice differentially were (MRTMXcKO) or were not (GRTMXcKO) able to compensate for altered auditory nerve activity in the central auditory pathway. As previous findings demonstrated a link between central auditory compensation and memory-dependent adaptation processes, we analyzed hippocampal paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) and long-term potentiation (LTP). To determine which molecular mechanisms may impact differences in synaptic plasticity, we analyzed Arc/Arg3.1, known to control AMPA receptor trafficking, as well as regulators of tissue perfusion and energy consumption (NO-GC and GC-A). We observed that the changes in PPF of MRTMXcKOs mirrored the changes in their auditory nerve activity, whereas changes in the LTP of MRTMXcKOs and GRTMXcKOs mirrored instead the changes in their central compensation capacity. Enhanced GR expression levels in MRTMXcKOs suggest that MRs typically suppress GR expression. We observed that hippocampal LTP, GC-A mRNA expression levels, and ABR wave IV/I ratio were all enhanced in animals with elevated GR (MRTMXcKOs) but were all lower or not mobilized in animals with impaired GR expression levels (GRTMXcKOs and MRGRTMXcKOs). This suggests that GC-A may link LTP and auditory neural gain through GR-dependent processes. In addition, enhanced NO-GC expression levels in MR, GR, and MRGRTMXcKOs suggest that both receptors suppress NO-GC; on the other hand, elevated Arc/Arg3.1 levels in MRTMXcKOs and MRGRTMXcKOs but not GRTMXcKOs suggest that MR suppresses Arc/Arg3.1 expression levels. Conclusively, MR through GR inhibition may define the threshold for hemodynamic responses for LTP and auditory neural gain associated with GC-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dila Calis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morgan Hess
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philine Marchetta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian Modro
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellis Nelissen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peter Sandner
- Bayer Health Care Pharmaceuticals, Global Drug Discovery Pharma Research Centre Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Larosa A, Wong TP. The hippocampus in stress susceptibility and resilience: Reviewing molecular and functional markers. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110601. [PMID: 35842073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the individual variability that comes with the likelihood of developing stress-related psychopathologies is of paramount importance when addressing mechanisms of their neurobiology. This article focuses on the hippocampus as a region that is highly influenced by chronic stress exposure and that has strong ties to the development of related disorders, such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. We first outline three commonly used animal models that have been used to separate animals into susceptible and resilient cohorts. Next, we review molecular and functional hippocampal markers of susceptibility and resilience. We propose that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in the differences in the processing and storage of stress-related information in animals with different stress susceptibilities. These hippocampal markers not only help us attain a more comprehensive understanding of the various facets of stress-related pathophysiology, but also could be targeted for the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Larosa
- Neuroscience Division, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tak Pan Wong
- Neuroscience Division, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Dept. of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Chronic stress causes striatal disinhibition mediated by SOM-interneurons in male mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7355. [PMID: 36446783 PMCID: PMC9709160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress (CS) is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, and it may also contribute to or exacerbate motor function. However, the mechanisms by which stress triggers motor symptoms are not fully understood. Here, we report that CS functionally alters dorsomedial striatum (DMS) circuits in male mice, by affecting GABAergic interneuron populations and somatostatin positive (SOM) interneurons in particular. Specifically, we show that CS impairs communication between SOM interneurons and medium spiny neurons, promoting striatal overactivation/disinhibition and increased motor output. Using probabilistic machine learning to analyze animal behavior, we demonstrate that in vivo chemogenetic manipulation of SOM interneurons in DMS modulates motor phenotypes in stressed mice. Altogether, we propose a causal link between dysfunction of striatal SOM interneurons and motor symptoms in models of chronic stress.
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16
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The antidepressant effect of nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation is mediated by parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the dorsal dentate gyrus. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 21:100492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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17
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Detailed Analysis of Dorsal-Ventral Gradients of Gene Expression in the Hippocampus of Adult Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179948. [PMID: 36077346 PMCID: PMC9456131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed RNA sequencing of the dorsal and ventral parts of the hippocampus and compared it with previously published data to determine the differences in the dorsoventral gradients of gene expression that may result from biological or technical variability. Our data suggest that the dorsal and ventral parts of the hippocampus differ in the expression of genes related to signaling pathways mediated by classical neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA, monoamines, etc.) as well as peptide and Wnt ligands. These hippocampal parts also diverge in the expression of axon-guiding molecules (both receptors and ligands) and splice isoforms of genes associated with intercellular signaling and cell adhesion. Furthermore, analysis of differential expressions of genes specific for astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and vascular cells suggests that non-neuronal cells may also differ in the characteristics between hippocampal parts. Analysis of expression of transposable elements showed that depletion of ribosomal RNA strongly increased the representation of transposable elements in the RNA libraries and helped to detect a weak predominance of expression of these elements in the ventral hippocampus. Our data revealed new molecular dimensions of functional differences between the dorsal and ventral hippocampus and points to possible cascades that may be involved in the longitudinal organization of the hippocampus.
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18
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Lin L, Zhang J, Dai X, Xiao N, Ye Q, Chen X. A Moderate Duration of Stress Promotes Behavioral Adaptation and Spatial Memory in Young C57BL/6J Mice. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081081. [PMID: 36009144 PMCID: PMC9405600 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress may serve multiple roles in cerebral functioning, ranging from a highly appropriate behavioral adaptation to a critical risk factor for susceptibility to mood disorder and cognitive impairment. It is well known that E/I (excitation/inhibition) balance is essential for maintaining brain homeostasis. However, it remains largely unknown how GABAergic and Glutamatergic neurons respond to different stressful stimuli and whether the GABAergic-Glutamatergic neuron balance is related to the transition between adaptive and maladaptive behaviors. Here, we subjected 3-month-old mice to chronic mild stress (CMS) for a period of one, two, and four weeks, respectively. The results showed that the two-week CMS procedure produced adaptive effects on behaviors and cognitive performance, with a higher number of GABAergic neuron and VGluT1-positive neurons, increasing the expressions of p-GluN2B, Reelin, and syn-PSD-95 protein in the hippocampus. In contrast, the prolonged behavioral challenge (4 week) imposes a passive coping behavioral strategy and cognitive impairment, decreased the number of GABAergic neuron, hyperactivity of VGluT1-positive neuron, increased the ratio of p-GluN2B, and decreased the expression of Reelin, syn-PSD-95 in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that a moderate duration of stress probably promotes behavioral adaptation and spatial memory by maintaining a GABAergic-Glutamatergic neuron balance and promoting the expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyan Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 Dongjie Road, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiaoman Dai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Nai’an Xiao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-591-8333-3995; Fax: +86-591-8337-0393
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19
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Rosen JB, Schulkin J. Hyperexcitability: From Normal Fear to Pathological Anxiety and Trauma. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:727054. [PMID: 35993088 PMCID: PMC9387392 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.727054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperexcitability in fear circuits is suggested to be important for development of pathological anxiety and trauma from adaptive mechanisms of fear. Hyperexcitability is proposed to be due to acquired sensitization in fear circuits that progressively becomes more severe over time causing changing symptoms in early and late pathology. We use the metaphor and mechanisms of kindling to examine gains and losses in function of one excitatory and one inhibitory neuropeptide, corticotrophin releasing factor and somatostatin, respectively, to explore this sensitization hypothesis. We suggest amygdala kindling induced hyperexcitability, hyper-inhibition and loss of inhibition provide clues to mechanisms for hyperexcitability and progressive changes in function initiated by stress and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Rosen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey B. Rosen,
| | - Jay Schulkin
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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20
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Savitska D, Hess M, Calis D, Marchetta P, Harasztosi C, Fink S, Eckert P, Ruth P, Rüttiger L, Knipper M, Singer W. Stress Affects Central Compensation of Neural Responses to Cochlear Synaptopathy in a cGMP-Dependent Way. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:864706. [PMID: 35968392 PMCID: PMC9372611 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.864706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of the increasing evidence supporting a link between hearing loss and dementia, it is critical to gain a better understanding of the nature of this relationship. We have previously observed that following cochlear synaptopathy, the temporal auditory processing (e.g., auditory steady state responses, ASSRs), is sustained when reduced auditory input is centrally compensated. This central compensation process was linked to elevated hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP). We further observed that, independently of age, central responsiveness to cochlear synaptopathy can differ, resulting in either a low or high capacity to compensate for the reduced auditory input. Lower central compensation resulted in poorer temporal auditory processing, reduced hippocampal LTP, and decreased recruitment of activity-dependent brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in hippocampal regions (low compensators). Higher central compensation capacity resulted in better temporal auditory processing, higher LTP responses, and increased activity-dependent BDNF expression in hippocampal regions. Here, we aimed to identify modifying factors that are potentially responsible for these different central responses. Strikingly, a poorer central compensation capacity was linked to lower corticosterone levels in comparison to those of high compensators. High compensators responded to repeated placebo injections with elevated blood corticosterone levels, reduced auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave I amplitude, reduced inner hair cell (IHC) ribbon number, diminished temporal processing, reduced LTP responses, and decreased activity-dependent hippocampal BDNF expression. In contrast, the same stress exposure through injection did not elevate blood corticosterone levels in low compensators, nor did it reduce IHC ribbons, ABR wave I amplitude, ASSR, LTP, or BDNF expression as seen in high compensators. Interestingly, in high compensators, the stress-induced responses, such as a decline in ABR wave I amplitude, ASSR, LTP, and BDNF could be restored through the "memory-enhancing" drug phosphodiesterase 9A inhibitor (PDE9i). In contrast, the same treatment did not improve these aspects in low compensators. Thus, central compensation of age-dependent cochlear synaptopathy is a glucocorticoid and cyclic guanosine-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent neuronal mechanism that fails upon a blunted stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Savitska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morgan Hess
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dila Calis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philine Marchetta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Csaba Harasztosi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Fink
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Eckert
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Leone G, Postel C, Mary A, Fraisse F, Vallée T, Viader F, de La Sayette V, Peschanski D, Dayan J, Eustache F, Gagnepain P. Altered predictive control during memory suppression in PTSD. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3300. [PMID: 35676268 PMCID: PMC9177681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant predictions of future threat lead to maladaptive avoidance in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). How this disruption in prediction influences the control of memory states orchestrated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is unknown. We combined computational modeling and brain connectivity analyses to reveal how individuals exposed and nonexposed to the 2015 Paris terrorist attacks formed and controlled beliefs about future intrusive re-experiencing implemented in the laboratory during a memory suppression task. Exposed individuals with PTSD used beliefs excessively to control hippocampal activity during the task. When this predictive control failed, the prediction-error associated with unwanted intrusions was poorly downregulated by reactive mechanisms. This imbalance was linked to higher severity of avoidance symptoms, but not to general disturbances such as anxiety or negative affect. Conversely, trauma-exposed participants without PTSD and nonexposed individuals were able to optimally balance predictive and reactive control during the memory suppression task. These findings highlight a potential pathological mechanism occurring in individuals with PTSD rooted in the relationship between the brain’s predictive and control mechanisms. It remains unclear how predictions of future threat affect memory recall, specifically in the case of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Here, the authors combined computational modeling and brain connectivity analyses to show that individuals with PTSD have exaggerated predictive control and reduced reactive control in a memory suppression task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Leone
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Charlotte Postel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Alison Mary
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France.,Neuropsychology and Functional Imaging Research Group (UR2NF), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florence Fraisse
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Vallée
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Fausto Viader
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de La Sayette
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Denis Peschanski
- Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne, HESAM Université, EHESS, CNRS, UMR8209, Paris, France
| | - Jaques Dayan
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France.,Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Guillaume Régnier, Université Rennes 1, 35700, Rennes, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Gagnepain
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France.
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22
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Csabai D, Sebők-Tornai A, Wiborg O, Czéh B. A Preliminary Quantitative Electron Microscopic Analysis Reveals Reduced Number of Mitochondria in the Infralimbic Cortex of Rats Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:885849. [PMID: 35600987 PMCID: PMC9115382 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.885849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to severe, uncontrollable and long-lasting stress is a strong risk factor for the development of numerous mental and somatic disorders. Animal studies document that chronic stress can alter neuronal morphology and functioning in limbic brain structures such as the prefrontal cortex. Mitochondria are intracellular powerhouses generating chemical energy for biochemical reactions of the cell. Recent findings document that chronic stress can lead to changes in mitochondrial function and metabolism. Here, we studied putative mitochondrial damage in response to chronic stress in neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex. We performed a systematic quantitative ultrastructural analysis to examine the consequences of 9-weeks of chronic mild stress on mitochondria number and morphology in the infralimbic cortex of adult male rats. In this preliminary study, we analyzed 4,250 electron microscopic images and 67000 mitochondria were counted and examined in the brains of 4 control and 4 stressed rats. We found significantly reduced number of mitochondria in the infralimbic cortex of the stressed animals, but we could not detect any significant alteration in mitochondrial morphology. These data support the concept that prolonged stress can lead to mitochondrial loss. This in turn may result in impaired energy production. Reduced cellular energy may sensitize the neurons to additional injuries and may eventually trigger the development of psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Csabai
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Abigél Sebők-Tornai
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ove Wiborg
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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23
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Godoy LD, Prizon T, Rossignoli MT, Leite JP, Liberato JL. Parvalbumin Role in Epilepsy and Psychiatric Comorbidities: From Mechanism to Intervention. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 16:765324. [PMID: 35250498 PMCID: PMC8891758 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2022.765324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein present in inhibitory interneurons that play an essential role in regulating many physiological processes, such as intracellular signaling and synaptic transmission. Changes in parvalbumin expression are deeply related to epilepsy, which is considered one of the most disabling neuropathologies. Epilepsy is a complex multi-factor group of disorders characterized by periods of hypersynchronous activity and hyperexcitability within brain networks. In this scenario, inhibitory neurotransmission dysfunction in modulating excitatory transmission related to the loss of subsets of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneuron may have a prominent role in disrupted excitability. Some studies also reported that parvalbumin-positive interneurons altered function might contribute to psychiatric comorbidities associated with epilepsy, such as depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Understanding the epileptogenic process and comorbidities associated with epilepsy have significantly advanced through preclinical and clinical investigation. In this review, evidence from parvalbumin altered function in epilepsy and associated psychiatric comorbidities were explored with a translational perspective. Some advances in potential therapeutic interventions are highlighted, from current antiepileptic and neuroprotective drugs to cutting edge modulation of parvalbumin subpopulations using optogenetics, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) techniques, transcranial magnetic stimulation, genome engineering, and cell grafting. Creating new perspectives on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies is valuable for understanding the pathophysiology of epilepsy and its psychiatric comorbidities and improving efficiency in clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívea Dornela Godoy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Prizon
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Matheus Teixeira Rossignoli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Pereira Leite
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- João Pereira Leite,
| | - José Luiz Liberato
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: José Luiz Liberato,
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24
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Maleninska K, Janikova M, Radostova D, Vojtechova I, Petrasek T, Kirdajova D, Anderova M, Svoboda J, Stuchlik A. Selective deficits in attentional set-shifting in mice induced by maternal immune activation with poly(I:C). Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113678. [PMID: 34838932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal immune activation has been identified as a significant risk factor for schizophrenia. Using rodent models, past work has demonstrated various behavioral and brain impairments in offspring after immune-activating events. We applied 5 mg/kg of poly(I:C) on gestation day 9 to pregnant mouse dams, whose offspring were then stressed during puberty. We show impairments in attentional set-shifting in a T-maze, and a decreased number of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in the hippocampus as a result of peripubertal stress specifically in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Maleninska
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Janikova
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Radostova
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Vojtechova
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Petrasek
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Kirdajova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Anderova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Svoboda
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Stuchlik
- Laboratory of the Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic.
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25
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Knipper M, Singer W, Schwabe K, Hagberg GE, Li Hegner Y, Rüttiger L, Braun C, Land R. Disturbed Balance of Inhibitory Signaling Links Hearing Loss and Cognition. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:785603. [PMID: 35069123 PMCID: PMC8770933 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.785603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal hyperexcitability in the central auditory pathway linked to reduced inhibitory activity is associated with numerous forms of hearing loss, including noise damage, age-dependent hearing loss, and deafness, as well as tinnitus or auditory processing deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In most cases, the reduced central inhibitory activity and the accompanying hyperexcitability are interpreted as an active compensatory response to the absence of synaptic activity, linked to increased central neural gain control (increased output activity relative to reduced input). We here suggest that hyperexcitability also could be related to an immaturity or impairment of tonic inhibitory strength that typically develops in an activity-dependent process in the ascending auditory pathway with auditory experience. In these cases, high-SR auditory nerve fibers, which are critical for the shortest latencies and lowest sound thresholds, may have either not matured (possibly in congenital deafness or autism) or are dysfunctional (possibly after sudden, stressful auditory trauma or age-dependent hearing loss linked with cognitive decline). Fast auditory processing deficits can occur despite maintained basal hearing. In that case, tonic inhibitory strength is reduced in ascending auditory nuclei, and fast inhibitory parvalbumin positive interneuron (PV-IN) dendrites are diminished in auditory and frontal brain regions. This leads to deficits in central neural gain control linked to hippocampal LTP/LTD deficiencies, cognitive deficits, and unbalanced extra-hypothalamic stress control. Under these conditions, a diminished inhibitory strength may weaken local neuronal coupling to homeostatic vascular responses required for the metabolic support of auditory adjustment processes. We emphasize the need to distinguish these two states of excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in hearing disorders: (i) Under conditions of preserved fast auditory processing and sustained tonic inhibitory strength, an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance following auditory deprivation can maintain precise hearing through a memory linked, transient disinhibition that leads to enhanced spiking fidelity (central neural gain⇑) (ii) Under conditions of critically diminished fast auditory processing and reduced tonic inhibitory strength, hyperexcitability can be part of an increased synchronization over a broader frequency range, linked to reduced spiking reliability (central neural gain⇓). This latter stage mutually reinforces diminished metabolic support for auditory adjustment processes, increasing the risks for canonical dementia syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Knipper
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marlies Knipper,
| | - Wibke Singer
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schwabe
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gisela E. Hagberg
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University Hospital Tübingen (UKT), Tübingen, Germany
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yiwen Li Hegner
- MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Rüttiger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Center (THRC), Molecular Physiology of Hearing, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Braun
- MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Land
- Department of Experimental Otology, Institute for Audioneurotechnology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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26
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Serradas ML, Stein V, Gellner AK. Long-term changes of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-positive interneurons of the primary motor cortex after chronic social defeat stress depend on individual stress-vulnerability. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:946719. [PMID: 35966477 PMCID: PMC9366473 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.946719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a major risk factor for developing mental illnesses and cognitive deficiencies although stress-susceptibility varies individually. In a recent study, we established the connection between chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and impaired motor learning abilities accompanied by chronically disturbed structural neuroplasticity in the primary motor cortex (M1) of mice. In this study, we further investigated the long-term effects of CSDS exposure on M1, focusing on the interneuronal cell population. We used repeated CSDS to elicit effects across behavioral, endocrinological, and metabolic parameters in mice. Susceptible and resilient phenotypes were discriminated by symptom load and motor learning abilities were assessed on the rotarod. Structural changes in interneuronal circuits of M1 were studied by immunohistochemistry using parvalbumin (PV+) and somatostatin (SST+) markers. Stress-susceptible mice had a blunted stress hormone response and impaired motor learning skills. These mice presented reduced numbers of both interneuron populations in M1 with layer-dependent distribution, while alterations in cell size and immunoreactivity were found in both susceptible and resilient individuals. These results, together with our previous data, suggest that stress-induced cell loss and degeneration of the GABAergic interneuronal network of M1 could underlay impaired motor learning, due to their role in controlling the excitatory output and spine dynamics of principal neurons required for this task. Our study further highlights the importance of long-term outcomes of chronically stressed individuals which are translationally important due to the long timecourses of stress-induced neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Serradas
- Institute of Physiology II, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentin Stein
- Institute of Physiology II, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Gellner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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27
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Lin J, Ling F, Huang P, Chen M, Song M, Lu K, Wang W. The Development of GABAergic Network in Depression in Recent 17 Years: A Visual Analysis Based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:874137. [PMID: 35664493 PMCID: PMC9157549 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.874137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the status and research trends of the GABAergic system in depression from 2004 to 2020 to provide a reference for further research. The Web of Science database was used as the data source and 1,658 publishments were included. Using two visualization analysis software, CiteSpace and VOSviewer, we analyzed the publishing years, countries, institutions, authors, journals, categories, keywords, and research frontiers in depression. The publishments revealed an upward trend from 2004 to 2020; the most prolific country and institutions were the United States and INSERM, respectively. The journal of Neuroscience was the most published and cited journal. The most relevant category was neurosciences. The hot topics in this field were GABAergic research in Gaba(a) receptor; the research frontier was depressive model. These analysis results provide a new perspective for researchers to conduct studies on related topics in the future and guidance for scientists to identify potential collaborators and research cooperation institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Lin
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fa Ling
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Laboratory Animal Management Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Medical Examination and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Song
- Southern Medical University Library, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangrong Lu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanshan Wang
- Laboratory Animal Management Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Southern Medical Laboratory Animal Sci. and Tech. Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
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28
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Interaction Between Glucocorticoid Receptors and FKBP5 in Regulating Neurotransmission of the Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2021; 483:95-103. [PMID: 34923037 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
FK501 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) is a stress response prolyl isomerase that inhibits the translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) heterocomplex to the nucleus. Previous studies have shown that the expression levels of FKBP5 are positively correlated with psychiatric disorders, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. In rodents, FKBP5 deletion in the brain leads to be resilient to stress-induced depression. The hippocampus is known to be one of the primary locations mediating stress responses in the brain by providing negative feedback signals to the hypothalamus-pituitaryadrenal gland axis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of FKBP5 and its interaction with GRs in the hippocampus. We observed that FKBP5 deletion in the hippocampus resulted in a minimal change in synaptic transmission. In the hippocampus, GR activation alters the release probability in inhibitory synapses as well as the postsynaptic contribution of glutamate receptors in excitatory synapses; however, no such alterations were induced in the absence of FKBP5. FKBP5 deficiency causes insensitivity to activated GRs in the hippocampus suggesting that FKBP5 mediates synaptic changes caused by GR activation. Our study provides electrophysiological evidence of stress resilience observed in FKBP5-deficient mice.
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29
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Perlman G, Tanti A, Mechawar N. Parvalbumin interneuron alterations in stress-related mood disorders: A systematic review. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100380. [PMID: 34557569 PMCID: PMC8446799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric disorders including depression involve complex cellular and molecular changes in the brain, and GABAergic signaling dysfunction is increasingly implicated in the etiology of mood disorders. Parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons are fast-spiking interneurons that, among other roles, coordinate synchronous neuronal firing. Mounting evidence suggests that the PV neuron phenotype is altered by stress and in mood disorders. In this systematic review, we assessed PV interneuron alterations in psychiatric disorders as reported in human postmortem brain studies and animal models of environmental stress. This review aims to 1) comprehensively catalog evidence of PV cell function in mood disorders (humans) and stress models of mood disorders (animals); 2) analyze the strength of evidence of PV interneuron alterations in various brain regions in humans and rodents; 3) determine whether the modulating effect of antidepressant treatment, physical exercise, and environmental enrichment on stress in animals associates with particular effects on PV function; and 4) use this information to guide future research avenues. Its principal findings, derived mainly from rodent studies, are that stress-related changes in PV cells are only reported in a minority of studies, that positive findings are region-, age-, sex-, and stress recency-dependent, and that antidepressants protect from stress-induced apparent PV cell loss. These observations do not currently translate well to humans, although the postmortem literature on the topic remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arnaud Tanti
- Corresponding author. McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiaty, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle blvd, Verdun, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Corresponding author. McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Department of Psychiaty, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle blvd, Verdun, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
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30
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Peñaloza-Sancho V, Pérez-Valenzuela C, Gonzalez C, Jujihara G, Bustos P, Dagnino-Subiabre A. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 modulates the effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on memory of stressed rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:583-600. [PMID: 31637966 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1659561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Memory and GABAergic activity in the hippocampus of stressed rats improve after n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. On the other hand, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) strongly regulates inhibitory neurotransmission in the hippocampus. Speculation about a possible relation between stress, endocannabinoids, and PUFAs. Here, we examined whether the effects of PUFAs on memory of chronically stressed rats depends on pharmacological manipulation of CB1 receptors. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally supplemented with n-3 (fish oil) or n-6 (primrose oil) PUFAs during chronic restraint stress (CRS) protocol (6 h/day; 21 days). First, we studied if the expression of CB1 receptors in the hippocampus may be affected by CRS and PUFAs supplementation by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. CRS up-regulated the CB1 expression compared with the non-stressed rats, while only n-3 PUFAs countered this effect. Memory was evaluated in the Morris water maze. Stressed rats were co-treated with PUFAs and/or modulators of CB1 receptor (AM251, antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg/day; WIN55,212-2, agonist, 0.5 mg/kg/day) by intraperitoneal injections. Memory improved in the stressed rats that were treated with AM251 and/or n-3 PUFAs. Supplementation with n-6 PUFAs did not affect memory of stressed rats, but co-treatment with AM251 improved it, while co-treatment with WIN55,212-2 did not affect memory. Our results demonstrate that activity of the CB1 receptors may modulate the effects of PUFAs on memory of stressed rats. This study suggests that endocannabinoids and PUFAs can both become a singular system by being self-regulated in limbic areas, so they control the effects of stress on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Peñaloza-Sancho
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Catherine Pérez-Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Celindo Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - German Jujihara
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paulina Bustos
- PhD Program in Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Laboratory of Stress Neurobiology, Institute of Physiology, Center for Neurobiology and Integrative Pathophysiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Leschik J, Lutz B, Gentile A. Stress-Related Dysfunction of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis-An Attempt for Understanding Resilience? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7339. [PMID: 34298958 PMCID: PMC8305135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are regulated by many intrinsic and extrinsic cues. It is well accepted that elevated glucocorticoid levels lead to downregulation of adult neurogenesis, which this review discusses as one reason why psychiatric diseases, such as major depression, develop after long-term stress exposure. In reverse, adult neurogenesis has been suggested to protect against stress-induced major depression, and hence, could serve as a resilience mechanism. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the functional relation of adult neurogenesis and stress in health and disease. A special focus will lie on the mechanisms underlying the cascades of events from prolonged high glucocorticoid concentrations to reduced numbers of newborn neurons. In addition to neurotransmitter and neurotrophic factor dysregulation, these mechanisms include immunomodulatory pathways, as well as microbiota changes influencing the gut-brain axis. Finally, we discuss recent findings delineating the role of adult neurogenesis in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leschik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy;
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Booker SA, Sumera A, Kind PC, Wyllie DJA. Contribution of NMDA Receptors to Synaptic Function in Rat Hippocampal Interneurons. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0552-20.2021. [PMID: 34326063 PMCID: PMC8362681 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0552-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of neurons to produce behaviorally relevant activity in the absence of pathology relies on the fine balance of synaptic inhibition to excitation. In the hippocampal CA1 microcircuit, this balance is maintained by a diverse population of inhibitory interneurons that receive largely similar glutamatergic afferents as their target pyramidal cells, with EPSCs generated by both AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and NMDA receptors (NMDARs). In this study, we take advantage of a recently generated GluN2A-null rat model to assess the contribution of GluN2A subunits to glutamatergic synaptic currents in three subclasses of interneuron found in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. For both parvalbumin-positive and somatostatin-positive interneurons, the GluN2A subunit is expressed at glutamatergic synapses and contributes to the EPSC. In contrast, in cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive interneurons, the contribution of GluN2A to the EPSC is negligible. Furthermore, synaptic potentiation at glutamatergic synapses on CCK-positive interneurons does not require the activation of GluN2A-containing NMDARs but does rely on the activation of NMDARs containing GluN2B and GluN2D subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Booker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Sumera
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
| | - Peter C. Kind
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - David J. A. Wyllie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
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TGF-β/Smad Signalling in Neurogenesis: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061382. [PMID: 34205102 PMCID: PMC8226492 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β/Smad signalling has been the subject of extensive research due to its role in the cell cycle and carcinogenesis. Modifications to the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway have been found to produce disparate effects on neurogenesis. We review the current research on canonical and non-canonical TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways and their functions in neurogenesis. We also examine the observed role of neurogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders and the relationship between TGF-β/Smad signalling and neurogenesis in response to stressors. Overlapping mechanisms of cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and the development of mood disorders in response to stressors suggest that TGF-β/Smad signalling is an important regulator of stress response and is implicated in the behavioural outcomes of mood disorders.
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Postel C, Mary A, Dayan J, Fraisse F, Vallée T, Guillery-Girard B, Viader F, Sayette VDL, Peschanski D, Eustache F, Gagnepain P. Variations in response to trauma and hippocampal subfield changes. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100346. [PMID: 34113695 PMCID: PMC8170416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest that the hippocampus is key to the persistence of traumatic memory. Yet very little is known about the precise changes that take place in this structure, nor their relation with PTSD symptoms. Previous studies have mostly used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at low resolutions, making it impossible to identify sensitive anatomical landmarks, or compared groups often unequally matched in terms of traumatic exposure. The present cross-sectional study included 92 individuals who had all been exposed to the terrorist attacks in Paris on November 13, 2015 (53 of whom subsequently developed PTSD) and 56 individuals who had not been exposed. Hippocampal subfield volumes were estimated using cross-validated automatic segmentation of high-resolution MRI images. Results revealed changes in CA1 and CA2-3/dentate gyrus (DG) volumes in individuals with PTSD, but not in resilient (i.e., exposed but without PTSD) individuals, after controlling for potential nuisance variables such as previous traumatic exposure and substance abuse. In line with current models of hippocampal subfield functions, CA1 changes were linked to the uncontrollable re-experiencing of intrusive memories, while CA2-3/DG changes, potentially exacerbated by comorbid depression, fostered the overgeneralization of fear linked to avoidance and hypervigilance behaviors. Additional analyses revealed that CA1 integrity was linked to optimum functioning of the memory control network in resilient individuals. These findings shed new light on potential pathophysiological mechanisms in the hippocampus subtending the development of PTSD and the failure to recover from trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Postel
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Alison Mary
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit (UR2NF), Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences (CRCN), UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Dayan
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Florence Fraisse
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Vallée
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Bérengère Guillery-Girard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Fausto Viader
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Denis Peschanski
- Université Paris I Panthéon Sorbonne, HESAM Université, EHESS, CNRS, UMR8209, Paris, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Pierre Gagnepain
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, GIP Cyceron, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000, Caen, France
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Wang J, Tang J, Liang X, Luo Y, Zhu P, Li Y, Xiao K, Jiang L, Yang H, Xie Y, Zhang L, Deng Y, Li J, Tang Y. Hippocampal PGC-1α-mediated positive effects on parvalbumin interneurons are required for the antidepressant effects of running exercise. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:222. [PMID: 33859158 PMCID: PMC8050070 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Running exercise was shown to have a positive effect on depressive-like symptoms in many studies, but the underlying mechanism of running exercise in the treatment of depression has not been determined. Parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV+ interneurons), a main subtype of GABA neurons, were shown to be decreased in the brain during the depression. PGC-1α, a molecule that is strongly related to running exercise, was shown to regulate PV+ interneurons. In the present study, we found that running exercise increased the expression of PGC-1α in the hippocampus of depressed mice. Adult male mice with PGC-1α gene silencing in the hippocampus ran on a treadmill for 4 weeks. Then, depression-like behavior was evaluated by the behavioral tests, and the PV+ interneurons in the hippocampus were investigated. We found that running exercise could not improve depressive-like symptoms or increase the gene expression of PV because of the lack of PGC-1α in the hippocampus. Moreover, a lack of PGC-1α in the hippocampus decreased the number and activity of PV+ interneurons in the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus, and running exercise could not reverse the pathological changes because of the lack of PGC-1α. The present study demonstrated that running exercise regulates PV+ interneurons through PGC-1α in the hippocampus of mice to reverse depressive-like behaviors. These data indicated that hippocampal PGC-1α-mediated positive effects on parvalbumin interneurons are required for the antidepressant actions of running exercise. Our results will help elucidate the antidepressant mechanism of running exercise and identify new targets for antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Tang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Liang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Luo
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peilin Zhu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Xiao
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Jiang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Xie
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Deng
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Gonzalez-Riano C, Tapia-González S, Perea G, González-Arias C, DeFelipe J, Barbas C. Metabolic Changes in Brain Slices over Time: a Multiplatform Metabolomics Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3224-3237. [PMID: 33651263 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brain slice preparations are widely used for research in neuroscience. However, a high-quality preparation is essential and there is no consensus regarding stable parameters that can be used to define the status of the brain slice preparation after its collection at different time points. Thus, it is critical to fully characterize the experimental conditions for ex vivo studies using brain slices for electrophysiological recording. In this study, we used a multiplatform (LC-MS and GC-MS) untargeted metabolomics-based approach to shed light on the metabolome and lipidome changes taking place at different time intervals during the brain slice preparation process. We have found significant modifications in the levels of 300 compounds, including several lipid classes and their derivatives, as well as metabolites involved in the GABAergic pathway and the TCA cycle. All these preparation-dependent changes in the brain biochemistry related to the time interval should be taken into consideration for future studies to facilitate non-biased interpretations of the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gonzalez-Riano
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Silvia Tapia-González
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier DeFelipe
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC), Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis (CEMBIO), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain.
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37
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Czéh B, Simon M. Benefits of animal models to understand the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 106:110049. [PMID: 32735913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a potentially life-threatening mental disorder imposing severe social and economic burden worldwide. Despite the existence of effective antidepressant treatment strategies the exact pathophysiology of the disease is still unknown. Large number of animal models of MDD have been developed over the years, but all of them suffer from significant shortcomings. Despite their limitations these models have been extensively used in academic research and drug development. The aim of this review is to highlight the benefits of animal models of MDD. We focus here on recent experimental data where animal models were used to examine current theories of this complex disease. We argue, that despite their evident imperfections, these models provide invaluable help to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of MDD. Furthermore, animal models are utilized in research to find clinically useful biomarkers. We discuss recent neuroimaging and microRNA studies since these investigations yielded promising candidates for biomarkers. Finally, we briefly summarize recent progresses in drug development, i.e. the FDA approval of two novel antidepressant drugs: S-ketamine and brexanolone (allopregnanolone). Deeper understanding of the exact molecular and cellular mechanisms of action responsible for the antidepressant efficacy of these rapid acting drugs could aid us to design further compounds with similar effectiveness, but less side effects. Animal studies are likely to provide valuable help in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boldizsár Czéh
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Maria Simon
- Neurobiology of Stress Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary
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38
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Jansen van Vuren E, Steyn SF, Brink CB, Möller M, Viljoen FP, Harvey BH. The neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19: Interactions with psychiatric illness and pharmacological treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111200. [PMID: 33421734 PMCID: PMC7834135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the corona virus disease (COVID-19) has had major global impact. The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection and psychiatric diseases is of great concern, with an evident link between corona virus infections and various central and peripheral nervous system manifestations. Unmitigated neuro-inflammation has been noted to underlie not only the severe respiratory complications of the disease but is also present in a range of neuro-psychiatric illnesses. Several neurological and psychiatric disorders are characterized by immune-inflammatory states, while treatments for these disorders have distinct anti-inflammatory properties and effects. With inflammation being a common contributing factor in SARS-CoV-2, as well as psychiatric disorders, treatment of either condition may affect disease progression of the other or alter response to pharmacological treatment. In this review, we elucidate how viral infections could affect pre-existing psychiatric conditions and how pharmacological treatments of these conditions may affect overall progress and outcome in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. We address whether any treatment-induced benefits and potential adverse effects may ultimately affect the overall treatment approach, considering the underlying dysregulated neuro-inflammatory processes and potential drug interactions. Finally, we suggest adjunctive treatment options for SARS-CoV-2-associated neuro-psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmé Jansen van Vuren
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Stephan F Steyn
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Christiaan B Brink
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Marisa Möller
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Francois P Viljoen
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; South African MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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39
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Wang Y, Yin XY, He X, Zhou CM, Shen JC, Tong JH. Parvalbumin interneuron-mediated neural disruption in an animal model of postintensive care syndrome: prevention by fluoxetine. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8720-8736. [PMID: 33619236 PMCID: PMC8034944 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Postintensive care syndrome (PICS) is defined as a new or worsening impairment in cognition, mental health, and physical function after critical illness and persisting beyond hospitalization, which is associated with reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Recently, we have developed a clinically relevant animal model of PICS based on two-hit hypothesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that hippocampal GABAergic interneuron dysfunction is implicated in various mood disorders induced by stress. Thus, this study investigated the role of hippocampal GABAergic interneurons and relevant neural activities in an animal model of PICS. In addition, we tested whether fluoxetine treatment early following combined stress can prevent these anatomical and behavioral pathologies. In the present study, we confirmed our previous study that this PICS model displayed reproducible anxiety- and depression like behavior and cognitive impairments, which resembles clinical features of human PICS. This behavioral state is accompanied by hippocampal neuroinflammation, reduced parvalbumin (PV) expression, and decreased theta and gamma power. Importantly, chronic fluoxetine treatment reversed most of these abnormities. In summary, our study provides additional evidence that PV interneuron-mediated hippocampal network activity disruption might play a key role in the pathology of PICS, while fluoxetine offers protection via modulation of the hippocampal PV interneuron and relevant network activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-yu Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-mao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-chun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-hua Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ueda D, Yonemochi N, Kamata T, Kamei J, Waddington JL, Ikeda H. Neuropeptide Y and glutamatergic mechanisms in the amygdala and ventral hippocampus differentially mediate impaired social behavior in diabetic mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113195. [PMID: 33617904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Though patients with diabetes mellitus are reported to show deficits in social interaction, the mechanisms of these impairments are unclear. The present study investigated the role of AMPA and neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors in the ventral hippocampus (vHC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) in the social behavior of diabetic mice. In the three-chamber test, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice showed impairment in social novelty preference, but not in sociability. Injection of the AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX into vHC or BLA each restored social novelty preference in STZ-induced diabetic mice. NPY content in amygdala, but not in vHC, of STZ-induced diabetic mice was increased relative to non-diabetic mice. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, injection of the NPY Y2 receptor antagonist BIIE 0246 into BLA restored social novelty preference, whereas injection of BIIE 0246 into vHC was without effect. Finally, in non-diabetic mice social novelty preference was impaired by the NPY Y2 receptor agonist NPY 13-36 injected into BLA and restored by co-injection of NBQX. These results indicate that in diabetic mice glutamatergic function is enhanced in both vHC and BLA, which impairs social novelty preference through AMPA receptors. In addition, they indicate that NPYergic function in BLA, but not vHC, is enhanced in diabetic mice, which impairs social novelty preference through NPY Y2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Ueda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naomi Yonemochi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kamata
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - John L Waddington
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 111 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Kaul D, Schwab SG, Mechawar N, Matosin N. How stress physically re-shapes the brain: Impact on brain cell shapes, numbers and connections in psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:193-215. [PMID: 33556389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Severe stress is among the most robust risk factors for the development of psychiatric disorders. Imaging studies indicate that life stress is integral to shaping the human brain, especially regions involved in processing the stress response. Although this is likely underpinned by changes to the cytoarchitecture of cellular networks in the brain, we are yet to clearly understand how these define a role for stress in human psychopathology. In this review, we consolidate evidence of macro-structural morphometric changes and the cellular mechanisms that likely underlie them. Focusing on stress-sensitive regions of the brain, we illustrate how stress throughout life may lead to persistent remodelling of the both neurons and glia in cellular networks and how these may lead to psychopathology. We support that greater translation of cellular alterations to human cohorts will support parsing the psychological sequalae of severe stress and improve our understanding of how stress shapes the human brain. This will remain a critical step for improving treatment interventions and prevention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Kaul
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle blvd, Verdun, Qc, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Natalie Matosin
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Molecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong 2522, Australia; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany.
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Ortiz JB, Newbern J, Conrad CD. Chronic stress has different immediate and delayed effects on hippocampal calretinin- and somatostatin-positive cells. Hippocampus 2021; 31:221-231. [PMID: 33241879 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Past studies find that chronic stress alters inhibitory, GABAergic circuitry of neurons in distinct hippocampal subregions. Less clear is whether these effects persist weeks after chronic stress ends, and whether these effects involve changes in the total number of hippocampal GABAergic neurons or modulates the function of specific GABAergic subtypes. A transgenic mouse line (VGAT:Cre Ai9) containing an indelible marker for GABAergic neurons (tdTomato) throughout the brain was used to determine whether chronic stress alters total GABAergic neuronal number or the expression of two key GABAergic cell subtypes, calretinin expressing (CR+) and somatostatin expressing (SOM+) neurons, and whether these changes endure weeks later. Male and female mice were chronically stressed in wire mesh restrainers for 6h/d/21d (Str) or not (Con), and then allowed a 3 week rest period (Str-Rest) and compared to those without a rest period (Str-NoRest). Epifluorescent microscope images of immunohistochemistry-processed brains were quantified to estimate the total number of fluorescently-labeled hippocampal GABAergic neurons and the proportion that were CR+ or SOM+. Neither chronic stress nor sex altered the total number of GABAergic cells. In contrast, chronic stress reduced the expression of CR+ in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in both males and females, with robust reductions in the DG region of males, but not females, and these changes reversed following a rest period. Chronic stress also reduced the proportion of hippocampal SOM+ neurons and this reduction persisted even with a rest period. These results show chronic stress dynamically reduced CR expression without changing total inhibitory neuronal number and point to CR as a potential new lead to understand mechanisms by which chronic stress alters hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bryce Ortiz
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jason Newbern
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Cheryl D Conrad
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Neonatal proinflammatory challenge evokes a microglial response and affects the ratio between subtypes of GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus of juvenile rats: sex-dependent and sex-independent effects. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:563-574. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Albrecht A, Redavide E, Regev-Tsur S, Stork O, Richter-Levin G. Hippocampal GABAergic interneurons and their co-localized neuropeptides in stress vulnerability and resilience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:229-244. [PMID: 33188820 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies in humans and rodents suggest a critical role for the hippocampal formation in cognition and emotion, but also in the adaptation to stressful events. Successful stress adaptation promotes resilience, while its failure may lead to stress-induced psychopathologies such as depression and anxiety disorders. Hippocampal architecture and physiology is shaped by its strong control of activity via diverse classes of inhibitory interneurons that express typical calcium binding proteins and neuropeptides. Celltype-specific opto- and chemogenetic intervention strategies that take advantage of these biochemical markers have bolstered our understanding of the distinct role of different interneurons in anxiety, fear and stress adaptation. Moreover, some of the signature proteins of GABAergic interneurons have a potent impact on emotion and cognition on their own, making them attractive targets for interventions. In particular, neuropeptide Y is a promising endogenous agent for mediating resilience against severe stress. In this review, we evaluate the role of the major types of interneurons across hippocampal subregions in the adaptation to chronic and acute stress and to emotional memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Albrecht
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Elisa Redavide
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Stav Regev-Tsur
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Oliver Stork
- Center for Behavioral Brain Science, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Genetics & Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel; The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel; Psychology Department, University of Haifa199 Aba-Hushi Avenue, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
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Jefferson SJ, Feng M, Chon UR, Guo Y, Kim Y, Luscher B. Disinhibition of somatostatin interneurons confers resilience to stress in male but not female mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100238. [PMID: 33344694 PMCID: PMC7739040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress represents a vulnerability factor for anxiety and depressive disorders and has been widely used to model aspects of these disorders in rodents. Disinhibition of somatostatin (SST)-positive GABAergic interneurons in mice by deletion of γ2 GABAA receptors selectively from these cells (SSTCre:γ2f/f mice) has been shown to result in behavioral and biochemical changes that mimic the responses to antidepressant doses of ketamine. Here we explored the extent to which SSTCre:γ2f/f mice exhibit resilience to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). We found that male SSTCre:γ2f/f mice are resilient to UCMS-induced (i) reductions in weight gain, (ii) reductions in SST-immuno-positive cells in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), (iii) increases in phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) in mPFC, and (iv) increased anxiety in a novelty suppressed feeding test. Female SSTCre:γ2f/f mice were resilient to UCMS-induced reductions in SST-immuno-positive cells indistinguishably from males. However, in contrast to males, they showed no UCMS effects on weight gain independent of genotype. Moreover, in mPFC of female γ2f/f control mice, UCMS resulted in paradoxically reduced p-EF2 levels without stress effects in the SSTCre:γ2f/f mutants. Lastly, female SSTCre:γ2f/f mice showed increased rather than reduced UCMS induced anxiety compared to γ2f/f controls. Thus, disinhibition of SST interneurons results in behavioral resilience to UCMS selectively in male mice, along with cellular resilience of SST neurons to UCMS independent of sex. Thus, mechanisms underlying vulnerability and resilience to stress are sex specific and map to mPFC rather than hippocampus but appear unrelated to changes in expression of SST as a marker of corresponding interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Jefferson
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mengyang Feng
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - URee Chon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yao Guo
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Bernhard Luscher
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Sanson A, Riva MA. Anti-Stress Properties of Atypical Antipsychotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E322. [PMID: 33092112 PMCID: PMC7589119 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress exposure represents a major environmental risk factor for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, as it plays a pivotal role in the etiology as well as in the manifestation of disease symptomatology. It may be inferred that pharmacological treatments must be able to modulate the behavioral, functional, and molecular alterations produced by stress exposure to achieve significant clinical outcomes. This review aims at examining existing clinical and preclinical evidence that supports the ability of atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) to modulate stress-related alterations. Indeed, while the pharmacodynamic differences between AAPDs have been extensively characterized, less is known on their ability to regulate downstream mechanisms that are critical for functional recovery and patient stabilization. We will discuss stress-related mechanisms, spanning from neuroendocrine function to inflammation and neuronal plasticity, which are relevant for the manifestation of schizophrenic symptomatology, and we will discuss if and how AAPDs may interfere with such mechanisms. Considering the impact of stress in everyday life, we believe that a better understanding of the potential effects of AAPDs on stress-related mechanisms may provide novel and important insights for improving therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting coping mechanisms and enhancing the quality of life of patients affected by psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco A. Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Hill RA, Grech AM, Notaras MJ, Sepulveda M, van den Buuse M. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met polymorphism interacts with adolescent stress to alter hippocampal interneuron density and dendritic morphology in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100253. [PMID: 33344708 PMCID: PMC7739172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays essential roles in GABAergic interneuron development. The common BDNF val66met polymorphism, leads to decreased activity-dependent release of BDNF. The current study used a humanized mouse model of the BDNF val66met polymorphism to determine how reduced activity-dependent release of BDNF, both on its own, and in combination with chronic adolescent stress hormone, impact hippocampal GABAergic interneuron cell density and dendrite morphology. Male and female Val/Val and Met/Met mice were exposed to corticosterone (CORT) or placebo in their drinking water from weeks 6-8, before brains were perfuse-fixed at 15 weeks. Cell density and dendrite morphology of immunofluorescent labelled inhibitory interneurons; somatostatin, parvalbumin and calretinin in the CA1, and 3 and dentate gyrus (DG) across the dorsal (DHP) and ventral hippocampus (VHP) were assessed by confocal z-stack imaging, and IMARIS dendritic mapping software. Mice with the Met/Met genotype showed significantly lower somatostatin cell density compared to Val/Val controls in the DHP, and altered somatostatin interneuron dendrite morphology including branch depth, and spine density. Parvalbumin-positive interneurons were unchanged between genotype groups, however BDNF val66met genotype influenced the dendritic volume, branch level and spine density of parvalbumin interneurons differentially across hippocampal subregions. Contrary to this, no such effects were observed for calretinin-positive interneurons. Adolescent exposure to CORT treatment also significantly altered somatostatin and parvalbumin dendrite branch level and the combined effect of Met/Met genotype and CORT treatment significantly reduced somatostatin and parvalbumin dendrite spine density. In sum, the BDNFVal66Met polymorphism significantly alters somatostatin and parvalbumin-positive interneuron cell development and dendrite morphology. Additionally, we also report a compounding effect of the Met/Met genotype and chronic adolescent CORT treatment on dendrite spine density, indicating that adolescence is a sensitive period of risk for Val66Met polymorphism carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Anne Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University Level 3, Monash Medical Centre 27Wright St Clayton VIC 3168 Australia, .
| | - Adrienne Mary Grech
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J. Notaras
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, Centre for Neurogenetics, Brain & Mind Research Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Mauricio Sepulveda
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Hou X, Rong C, Wang F, Liu X, Sun Y, Zhang HT. GABAergic System in Stress: Implications of GABAergic Neuron Subpopulations and the Gut-Vagus-Brain Pathway. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8858415. [PMID: 32802040 PMCID: PMC7416252 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8858415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress can cause a variety of central nervous system disorders, which are critically mediated by the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in various brain structures. GABAergic neurons have different subsets, some of which coexpress certain neuropeptides that can be found in the digestive system. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the gut-brain axis, which is primarily regulated by the vagus nerve, is involved in stress, suggesting a communication between the "gut-vagus-brain" pathway and the GABAergic neuronal system. Here, we first summarize the evidence that the GABAergic system plays an essential role in stress responses. In addition, we review the effects of stress on different brain regions and GABAergic neuron subpopulations, including somatostatin, parvalbumin, ionotropic serotonin receptor 5-HT3a, cholecystokinin, neuropeptide Y, and vasoactive intestinal peptide, with regard to signaling events, behavioral changes, and pathobiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. Finally, we discuss the gut-brain bidirectional communications and the connection of the GABAergic system and the gut-vagus-brain pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Hou
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Cuiping Rong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fugang Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Institute of Pharmacology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry, The Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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Glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 haplodeficiency in mice: consequences of postweaning social isolation on behavior and changes in brain neurochemical systems. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1719-1742. [PMID: 32514634 PMCID: PMC7321906 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reductions of glutamate acid decarboxylase (GAD67) and subsequent GABA levels have been consistently observed in neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and depression, but it has remained unclear how GABAergic dysfunction contributes to different symptoms of the diseases. To address this issue, we investigated male mice haplodeficient for GAD67 (GAD67+/GFP mice), which showed a reduced social interaction, social dominance and increased immobility in the forced swim test. No differences were found in rotarod performance and sensorimotor gating. We also addressed potential effects of social deprivation, which is known, during early life, to affect GABAergic function and induces behavioral abnormalities similar to the symptoms found in psychiatric disorders. Indeed, social isolation of GAD67+/GFP mice provoked increased rearing activity in the social interaction test and hyperlocomotion on elevated plus maze. Since GABA closely interacts with the dopaminergic, serotonergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems, we investigated GAD67+/GFP and GAD67+/+ mice for morphological markers of the latter systems and found increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-IR fiber densities in CA1 of dorsal hippocampus. By contrast, no differences in numbers and densities of TH-positive neurons of the midbrain dopamine regions, serotonin (5-HT) neurons of the raphe nuclei, or choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-expressing neurons of basal forebrain and their respective terminal fields were observed. Our results indicate that GAD67 haplodeficiency impairs sociability and increases vulnerability to social stress, provokes depressive-like behavior and alters the catecholaminergic innervation in brain areas associated with schizophrenia. GAD67+/GFP mice may provide a useful model for studying the impact of GABAergic dysfunction as related to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine: Focus on GABAergic inhibition. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 89:43-78. [PMID: 32616214 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been much recent progress in understanding of the mechanism of ketamine's rapid and enduring antidepressant effects. Here we review recent insights from clinical and preclinical studies, with special emphasis of ketamine-induced changes in GABAergic synaptic transmission that are considered essential for its antidepressant therapeutic effects. Subanesthetic ketamine is now understood to exert its initial action by selectively blocking a subset of NMDA receptors on GABAergic interneurons, which results in disinhibition of glutamatergic target neurons, a surge in extracellular glutamate and correspondingly elevated glutamatergic synaptic transmission. This surge in glutamate appears to be corroborated by the rapid metabolism of ketamine into hydroxynorketamine, which acts at presynaptic sites to disinhibit the release of glutamate. Preclinical studies indicate that glutamate-induced activity triggers the release of BDNF, followed by transient activation of the mTOR pathway and increased expression of synaptic proteins, along with functional strengthening of glutamatergic synapses. This drug-on phase lasts for approximately 2h and is followed by a period of days characterized by structural maturation of newly formed glutamatergic synapses and prominently enhanced GABAergic synaptic inhibition. Evidence from mouse models with constitutive antidepressant-like phenotypes suggests that this phase involves strengthened inhibition of dendrites by somatostatin-positive GABAergic interneurons and correspondingly reduced NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ entry into dendrites, which activates an intracellular signaling cascade that converges with the mTOR pathway onto increased activity of the eukaryotic elongation factor eEF2 and enhanced translation of dendritic mRNAs. Newly synthesized proteins such as BDNF may be important for the prolonged therapeutic effects of ketamine.
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