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Fahmy HM, Aboalasaad FA, Mohamed AS, Elhusseiny FA, Khadrawy YA, Elmekawy A. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin-Conjugated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Reserpine-Induced Depression in Wistar Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2630-2644. [PMID: 37713054 PMCID: PMC11052778 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Depression, a devastating brain illness, necessitates the exploration of novel antidepressant treatments. We evaluated the antidepressant effects of free curcumin, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and curcumin-conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn(cur)O NPs). The nanoformulations were extensively characterized using advanced techniques. An acute toxicity study ensured the safety of Zn(cur)O NPs. Rats were assigned to one of five groups: control, reserpine-induced depression model, treatment with ZnO NPs, free curcumin, or Zn(cur)O NPs. Behavioral assessments (forced swimming test [FST] and open-field test [OFT]) and neurochemical analyses were conducted. Zn(cur)O NPs exhibited superior efficacy in ameliorating reserpine-induced behavioral and neurochemical effects compared to free curcumin and ZnO NPs. The reserpine-induced model displayed reduced motor activity, swimming time, and increased immobility time in the FST and OFT. Treatment with Zn(cur)O NPs 45 mg/kg significantly improved motor activity and reduced immobility time. Furthermore, Zn(cur)O NPs decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels. Additionally, concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) increased. In conclusion, curcumin-conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrate potent antidepressant effects, alleviating depressive-like behavior in rats. These findings support Zn(cur)O NPs as a promising therapeutic strategy for depression management, warranting further investigation and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Fahmy
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ayman S Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmekawy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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2
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Alamri HS, Mufti R, Sabir DK, Abuderman AA, Dawood AF, ShamsEldeen AM, Haidara MA, Isenovic ER, El-Bidawy MH. Forced Swimming-Induced Depressive-like Behavior and Anxiety Are Reduced by Chlorpheniramine via Suppression of Oxidative and Inflammatory Mediators and Activating the Nrf2-BDNF Signaling Pathway. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6449-6465. [PMID: 37623226 PMCID: PMC10453464 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The first-generation antihistamine chlorpheniramine (CPA) is believed to have both anxiolytic and antidepressant properties. The current study sought to assess the mechanisms behind the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of CPA therapy concerning oxidative stress, inflammation, and nuclear factor p45 for erythroid 2-Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Nrf2-BDNF) signaling pathway in forced swimming-induced depressive-like behavior and anxiety. Eighteen male Wistar rats (180-200 gm) rats were separated into three groups (n = 6): a stressed group (acute stress) that underwent the forced swimming test (FST) and a stressed group that received pretreatment with CPA (10 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks (CPA + acute stress). Animals were subsequently put through the following behavioral tests after undergoing a forced swim test (FST) for 5 min: an immobility test, open field test, and elevated plus maze test. Serum cortisol levels were measured when the rats were euthanized at the end of the experiments. Brain neurotransmitters (cortisol, serotonin, and noradrenaline), oxidative stress (SOD and MDA), inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-1) biomarkers, and the Nrf2-BDNF signaling pathway in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex tissues was determined. CPA prevented stress-induced increases in cortisol levels (p < 0.0001), decreased brain neurotransmitters, and increased oxidative stress and inflammation. CPA also upregulated the Nrf2-BDNF signaling pathway. Thus, CPA mitigates depressive-like behavior and anxiety by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulating the Nrf2-BDNF signaling pathway in the brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan S. Alamri
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 641, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rana Mufti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Deema Kamal Sabir
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulwahab A. Abuderman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 11942, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.H.E.-B.)
| | - Amal F. Dawood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box. 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M. ShamsEldeen
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11566, Egypt or (A.M.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Haidara
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11566, Egypt or (A.M.S.)
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mahmoud H. El-Bidawy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 11942, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (M.H.E.-B.)
- Department of Physiology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11566, Egypt or (A.M.S.)
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Uzbekov MG. Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Mental Disorders: Endogenous Intoxication. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:491-501. [PMID: 37080935 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the syndrome of endogenous intoxication in patients with mental disorders. Oxidative stress, middle-mass endotoxic molecules, impaired functional properties of serum albumin and albumin thiol groups, neurotrophic factors, and enzymes, including monoamine oxidase and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase contribute to the development of endogenous intoxication. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the endogenous intoxication development in mental disorders and approaches to its treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marat G Uzbekov
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Serbsky National Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 107258, Russia.
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carotenoids in Mood Disorders: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030676. [PMID: 36978923 PMCID: PMC10045512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression has a multifactorial etiology comprising family history and unemployment. This review aims to summarize the evidence available for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids in mood disorders. This review article’s methodologies were based on a search of the PubMed database for all linked published papers. Epidemiological studies indicate that a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish, and olive oil may prevent the development of depression. Antioxidant supplementation has been found to combat various stress-induced psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. A growing body of evidence indicates that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Studies also suggest that poor dietary intake, particularly low intakes of fruit and vegetables and high intakes of fast food and other convenience foods, may increase the risk of developing depression. Thus, dietary interventions have the potential to help mitigate the risk of mental health decline in both the general population and those with mood disorders. Considering that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it is expected that they might exert a promising antidepressant effect. Nevertheless, further studies (including interventional and mechanistic studies) assessing the effect of carotenoids on preventing and alleviating depression symptoms are needed.
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Khantakova JN, Bondar NP, Antontseva EV, Reshetnikov VV. Once induced, it lasts for a long time: the structural and molecular signatures associated with depressive-like behavior after neonatal immune activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1066794. [PMID: 36619667 PMCID: PMC9812963 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1066794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse factors such as stress or inflammation in the neonatal period can affect the development of certain brain structures and have negative delayed effects throughout the lifespan of an individual, by reducing cognitive abilities and increasing the risk of psychopathologies. One possible reason for these delayed effects is the neuroinflammation caused by neonatal immune activation (NIA). Neuroinflammation can lead to disturbances of neurotransmission and to reprogramming of astroglial and microglial brain cells; when combined, the two problems can cause changes in the cytoarchitecture of individual regions of the brain. In addition, neuroinflammation may affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and processes of oxidative stress, thereby resulting in higher stress reactivity. In our review, we tried to answer the questions of whether depressive-like behavior develops after NIA in rodents and what the molecular mechanisms associated with these disorders are. Most studies indicate that NIA does not induce depressive-like behavior in a steady state. Nonetheless, adult males (but not females or adolescents of both sexes) with experience of NIA exhibit marked depressive-like behavior when exposed to aversive conditions. Analyses of molecular changes have shown that NIA leads to an increase in the amount of activated microglia and astroglia in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, an increase in oxidative-stress parameters, a change in stress reactivity of the HPA axis, and an imbalance of cytokines in various regions of the brain, but not in blood plasma, thus confirming the local nature of the inflammation. Therefore, NIA causes depressive-like behavior in adult males under aversive testing conditions, which are accompanied by local inflammation and have sex- and age-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia N. Khantakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia,Federal Government-Funded Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (RIFCI), Novosibirsk, Russia,*Correspondence: Julia N. Khantakova
| | - Natalia P. Bondar
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Antontseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasiliy V. Reshetnikov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia,Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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Chen Z, Liang S, Bai Y, Lin J, Li M, Mo Z, Xie S, Huang S, Long J. Serum uric acid is not associated with major depressive disorder in European and South American populations: a meta-analysis and two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1665-1674. [PMID: 35614209 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although previous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that serum uric acid (SUA) is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), these analyses are prone to biases. Here, we applied the Mendelian Randomization approach to determine whether SUA is causally associated with MDD. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between SUA and MDD, then applied summary data from the Global Urate Genetics Consortium and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium to estimate their causal effect using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Thereafter, the causal effect was further researched using genetic risk scores (GRS) as instrumental variables (IVs). RESULTS Results of a meta-analysis of articles comprising 6975 and 13,589 MDD patients and controls, respectively, revealed that SUA was associated with MDD (SMD = -0.690, 95% CI: -0.930 to -0.440, I2 = 97.4%, P < 0.001). In addition, the five MR methods revealed no causal relationship existed between SUA and MDD, which corroborated the results obtained via the GRS approach. CONCLUSION This paper found little evidence that this association between SUA and MDD is casual. Genetically, there was no significant causal association between SUA and MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Chen
- Scientific Research Department, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Shuang Liang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yulan Bai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Sisi Xie
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - ShiShan Huang
- Scientific Research Department, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jianxiong Long
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Jiménez-Fernández S, Gurpegui M, Garrote-Rojas D, Gutiérrez-Rojas L, Carretero MD, Correll CU. Oxidative stress parameters and antioxidants in adults with unipolar or bipolar depression versus healthy controls: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:211-221. [PMID: 35868596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To study differences in oxidative stress markers and antioxidants among patients with bipolar depression (BPD) and unipolar depression (UPD). METHODS Data sources. Electronic MEDLINE/PubMed/Cochrane Library/Scopus/TripDatabase database search until 30/06/2021. STUDY SELECTION Included were articles comparing antioxidant or oxidative stress markers between adults with BPD or UPD and healthy controls (HCs). DATA EXTRACTION Two authors extracted data independently. Random effects meta-analysis, calculating standardized mean differences for results from ≥3 studies. RESULTS Oxidative stress markers reported in 40 studies -1 published repeatedly- (UPD, studies = 30 n = 3072; their HCs, n = 2856; BPD, studies = 11 n = 393; their HCs, n = 540; with 1 study reporting on both UPD and BPD) included thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), antioxidant uric acid and antioxidant-enhancing enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPX). Compared with HCs, UPD and BPD were associated with significantly higher levels of TBARS, without differences between UPD and BPD (P = 0.11). Compared with HCs, UPD and BPD did not differ regarding the activity of the CAT (P = 0.28), SOD (P = 0.87) and GPX (P = 0.25) enzymes. However, uric acid levels were significantly higher vs HCs in BPD than in UPD among adult patients (P = 0.004). Results were heterogenous, which, for some parameters, decreased after stratification by the blood source (serum, plasma red blood cells, whole blood). LIMITATIONS The main limitations are the small number of studies/participants in the BPD subgroup, and heterogeneity of the results. SUMMATIONS Both BPD and UPD may be associated with an impaired oxidative stress balance, with significantly higher uric acid levels vs. HCs in UPD than in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jiménez-Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Jaén University Hospital, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Manuel Gurpegui
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Psychiatry Service, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - María D Carretero
- Department of Psychiatry and CTS-549 Research Group, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ameliorative effects of oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) protein hydrolysate on age-induced cognitive impairment via restoring glia cell dysfunction and neuronal injured in zebrafish. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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9
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Juszczyk G, Mikulska J, Kasperek K, Pietrzak D, Mrozek W, Herbet M. Chronic Stress and Oxidative Stress as Common Factors of the Pathogenesis of Depression and Alzheimer's Disease: The Role of Antioxidants in Prevention and Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091439. [PMID: 34573069 PMCID: PMC8470444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of scientific research showing the link between depression and dementia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The chronic stress contributes to the formation of oxidative stress in the parts of the brain involved in the development of depression and AD. The scientific literature reports the significant role of antioxidants, which are highly effective in treating these diseases. In this review, we have summarized the relationship between chronic stress, oxidative stress, and the changes in the brain they cause occurring in the brain. Among all the compounds showing antioxidant properties, the most promising results in AD treatment were observed for Vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), melatonin, polyphenols, curcumin, and selenium. In case of depression treatment, the greatest potential was observed in curcumin, zinc, selenium, vitamin E, and saffron.
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Zhu X, Sun-Waterhouse D, Cui C. A red pomegranate fruit extract-based formula ameliorates anxiety/depression-like behaviors via enhancing serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in C57BL/6 male mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Saleh LA, Almutairi FM, Alorabi WK, Alkuhayli BA, Alzaidi SS, Alzahrani SB, Aljumayi FA, Abduljabbar MH, Alharthi AS, Alsufyani MA, Alhazmi MH, Althobaiti AA, Almutairi FN, Alshehri FS, Altowairqi E, Althobaiti YS. Short- and Long-Term Effects of Vitamin D Treatment on Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:711-720. [PMID: 33688194 PMCID: PMC7936677 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s291793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Depression is one of the most common psychological disorders. The nutritional etiology of the depression proposes that vitamin D may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of depression. Further, vitamin D deficiency has been found to aggravate depression in animals. Therefore, vitamin D treatment might be a potential therapeutic aid in depression management. This study aimed to explore the antidepressant effects of vitamin D in a Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-induced depression model. METHODS Thirty-six mice were randomly assigned to short-term and long-term experimental groups. In each group, mice were randomly subcategorized into three subgroups: 1. control (received vehicle), 2. BCG (received BCG [107 CFU/mouse]), and 3. BCG + vitamin D (received vitamin D [60.000 IU/kg] before BCG [107 CFU/mouse] inoculation). After completion of the two experimental periods (3 days for the short-term group and 2 weeks for the long-term group), the mice underwent three behavioral tests: locomotor activity, the forced swimming test (FST), and the tail suspension test (TST). RESULTS Locomotor activity did not significantly differ among the subgroups in either the long-term or short-term groups. In the short-term group, the total immobility time on the FST was decreased in the vitamin D-treated group compared to the BCG group. However, in the TST, no significant difference was found between the vitamin D-treated group and the BCG group. In the long-term group, the immobility time on the FST was decreased in the vitamin D-treated group compared to the BCG group. Similarly, the total immobility time on the TST was also significantly lower in the vitamin D-treated mice than in the BCG-treated mice. CONCLUSION Vitamin D is useful in the management of depressive behavior. The potential role of vitamin D in the etiology of depression should be investigated in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna A Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farooq M Almutairi
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafar Al-Batin, Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan K Alorabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashayr A Alkuhayli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaden S Alzaidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad B Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Futun A Aljumayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram H Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayidh S Alharthi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashhour A Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Alhazmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulbari A Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad N Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad S Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtehal Altowairqi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.,Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,General Administration for Precursors and Laboratories, General Directorate of Narcotics Control, Ministry of Interior, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Nobis A, Zalewski D, Waszkiewicz N. Peripheral Markers of Depression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3793. [PMID: 33255237 PMCID: PMC7760788 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological underpinnings of depression, which are reflected by altered levels of biological markers. Among others, enhanced inflammation has been reported in MDD, as reflected by increased concentrations of inflammatory markers-C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and soluble interleukin-2 receptor. Oxidative and nitrosative stress also plays a role in the pathophysiology of MDD. Notably, increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers are characteristic of MDD. Dysregulation of the stress axis, along with increased cortisol levels, have also been reported in MDD. Alterations in growth factors, with a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and an increase in fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations have also been found in MDD. Finally, kynurenine metabolites, increased glutamate and decreased total cholesterol also hold promise as reliable biomarkers for MDD. Research in the field of MDD biomarkers is hindered by insufficient understanding of MDD etiopathogenesis, substantial heterogeneity of the disorder, common co-morbidities and low specificity of biomarkers. The construction of biomarker panels and their evaluation with use of new technologies may have the potential to overcome the above mentioned obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Nobis
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, pl. Brodowicza 1, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland; (D.Z.); (N.W.)
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Ruiz-Sánchez E, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Medina-Campos ON, Maldonado PD, Rojas P. S-allyl Cysteine, a Garlic Compound, Produces an Antidepressant-Like Effect and Exhibits Antioxidant Properties in Mice. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090592. [PMID: 32859119 PMCID: PMC7564461 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a psychiatric disorder, and oxidative stress is a significant mechanism of damage in this mood disorder. It is characterized by an enhancement of oxidative stress markers and low concentrations of endogenous antioxidants, or antioxidants enzymes. This suggests that antioxidants could have an antidepressant effect. S-allyl cysteine (SAC) is a compound with antioxidant action or free radical scavenger capacity. The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect as well as the antioxidant role of SAC on a preclinical test, using the Porsolt forced swim test (FST). SAC (30, 70, 120, or 250 mg/kg, ip) was administered to male BALB/c mice daily for 17 days, followed by the FST at day 18. Oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species, superoxide production, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes activities) were analyzed in the midbrain, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. SAC (120 mg/kg) attenuated the immobility scores (44%) in the FST, and protection was unrelated to changes in locomotor activity. This antidepressant-like effect was related to decreased oxidative stress, as indicated by lipid peroxidation and manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity in the hippocampus. SAC exerts an antidepressant-like effect that correlated, in part, with preventing oxidative damage in hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ruiz-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, SS, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico; (J.P.-C.); (O.N.M.-C.)
| | - Omar N. Medina-Campos
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico; (J.P.-C.); (O.N.M.-C.)
| | - Perla D. Maldonado
- Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular Pathology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, SS, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Rojas
- Laboratory of Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, SS, Av. Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5424-0808
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14
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Gorni D, Finco A. Oxidative stress in elderly population: A prevention screening study. Aging Med (Milton) 2020; 3:205-213. [PMID: 33103041 PMCID: PMC7574639 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is a multifactorial phenomenon, characterized by a progressive decline in the efficiency of biochemical and physiological processes and an increased susceptibility to disease. There is increasing evidence that aging and age‐related disease are correlated with an oxidative stress (OS) condition. The latter is characterized by an imbalance between reactive species (RS), in particular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant reserve. Objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate the two main markers of oxidative stress, plasmatic peroxide concentration (through d‐ROMs FAST test, derivates‐Reactive Oxygen Metabolites) and plasmatic antioxidant power measured by iron‐reducing power (PAT test, Plasma Antioxidant Test) in 290 apparently healthy volunteers over 60, and their possible correlation with age and gender. Materials and methods Human capillary blood samples from healthy volunteers were used in this observational study for the evaluation of the markers of OS. Results The data obtained broadly demonstrate that the majority of elderly people display an OS condition characterized by increased levels of peroxides and a slight reduction in antioxidant reserve. Conclusions Seniors have a greater propensity to develop a condition of oxidative stress, and therefore it is important to associate the monitoring of oxidative stress markers and, if necessary, antioxidant supplementation, with a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gorni
- Department of Oxidation Research Cor. Con. International Srl Parma Italy
| | - Annarosa Finco
- Department of Oxidation Research Cor. Con. International Srl Parma Italy
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15
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Bhatt S, Nagappa AN, Patil CR. Role of oxidative stress in depression. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1270-1276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Wigner P, Synowiec E, Czarny P, Bijak M, Jóźwiak P, Szemraj J, Gruca P, Papp M, Śliwiński T. Effects of venlafaxine on the expression level and methylation status of genes involved in oxidative stress in rats exposed to a chronic mild stress. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5675-5694. [PMID: 32281745 PMCID: PMC7214168 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent human and animal studies indicate that oxidative and nitrosative stress may play a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of depression. This study investigates the effect of chronic administration of the serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, venlafaxine, on the expression and methylation status of SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, GPx4, CAT, NOS1 and NOS2 in the brain and blood of rats exposed to a chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression. Separate groups of animals were exposed to CMS for 2 or 7 weeks; the second group received saline or venlafaxine (10 mg/kg/d, IP) for 5 weeks. After completion of both stress conditions and drug administration, the mRNA and protein expression of selected genes and the methylation status of their promoters were measured in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) and in brain structures (hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, cortex, basal ganglia) with the use of TaqMan Gene Expression Assay, Western blot and methylation‐sensitive high‐resolution melting techniques. CMS caused a decrease in sucrose consumption, and this effect was normalized by fluoxetine. In PBMCs, SOD1, SOD2 and NOS2 mRNA expression changed only after venlafaxine administration. In brain, CAT, Gpx1, Gpx4 and NOS1 gene expression changed following CMS or venlafaxine exposure, most prominently in the hippocampus, midbrain and basal ganglia. CMS increased the methylation of the Gpx1 promoter in PBMCs, the second Gpx4 promoter in midbrain and basal ganglia, and SOD1 and SOD2 in hippocampus. The CMS animals treated with venlafaxine displayed a significantly higher CAT level in midbrain and cerebral cortex. CMS caused an elevation of Gpx4 in the hippocampus, which was lowered in cerebral cortex by venlafaxine. The results indicate that CMS and venlafaxine administration affect the methylation of promoters of genes involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress. They also indicate that peripheral and central tissue differ in their response to stress or antidepressant treatments. It is possible that that apart from DNA methylation, a crucial role of expression level of genes may be played by other forms of epigenetic regulation, such as histone modification or microRNA interference. These findings provide strong evidence for thesis that analysis of the level of mRNA and protein expression as well as the status of promoter methylation can help in understanding the pathomechanisms of mental diseases, including depression, and the mechanisms of action of drugs effective in their therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Jóźwiak
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Gruca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Papp
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Zhu X, Sun-Waterhouse D, Tao Q, Li W, Shu D, Cui C. The enhanced serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and anti-oxidative roles of Trp oligopeptide in combating anxious depression C57BL/6 mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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18
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Kowalczyk M, Szemraj J, Bliźniewska K, Maes M, Berk M, Su KP, Gałecki P. An immune gate of depression - Early neuroimmune development in the formation of the underlying depressive disorder. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1299-1307. [PMID: 31706254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of depression worldwide is increasing from year to year and constitutes a serious medical, economic and social problem. Currently, despite multifactorial risk factors and pathways contributing to depression development, a significant aspect is attributed to the inflammatory process. Cytokines are considered a factor activating the kynurenine pathway, which leads to the exhaustion of tryptophan in the tryptophan catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway. This results in the activation of potentially neuroprogressive processes and also affects the metabolism of many neurotransmitters. The immune system plays a coordinating role in mediating inflammatory process. Beginning from foetal life, dendritic cells have the ability to react to bacterial and viral antigens, stimulating T lymphocytes in a similar way to adult cells. Cytotoxicity in the prenatal period shapes the predisposition to the development of depression in adult life. Allostasis, i.e. the ability to maintain the body's balance in the face of environmental adversity through changes in its behaviour or physiology, allows the organism to survive but its consequences may be unfavourable if it lasts too long. As a result, Th lymphocytes, in particular T helper 17 cells, which play a central role in the immunity of the whole body, contribute to the development of both autoimmune diseases and psychiatric disorders including depression, as well as have an impact on the differentiation of T CD4+ cells into Th17 cells in the later development of the child's organism, which confirms the importance of the foetal period for the progression of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University School of Medicine, and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry and Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
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Czarny P, Bialek K, Ziolkowska S, Strycharz J, Sliwinski T. DNA damage and repair in neuropsychiatric disorders. What do we know and what are the future perspectives? Mutagenesis 2019; 35:79-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, extensive research has been done to elucidate the molecular etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In majority of them, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress was found. This stress is known to induce oxidative damage to biomolecules, including DNA. Accordingly, increased mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as RNA damage, were observed in patients suffering from these diseases. However, recent findings indicate that the patients are characterised by impaired DNA repair pathways, which may suggest that these DNA lesions could be also a result of their insufficient repair. In the current systematic, critical review, we aim to sum up, using available literature, the knowledge about the involvement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair, as well as about damage to RNA in pathoetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., AD, PD, ALS, BD, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, as well as the usefulness of the discussed factors as being diagnostic markers and targets for new therapies. Moreover, we also underline the new directions to which future studies should head to elucidate these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ziolkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Effects of SSRIs on peripheral inflammatory cytokines in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:105-110. [PMID: 31163212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive research into psychoneuroimmunology has led to substantial advances in our understanding of the reciprocal interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system in neuropsychiatric disorders. To date, inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety. The immunomodulating effects of antidepressants on depression have been reported, however, there is no evidence of the similar effects of antidepressants on anxiety. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on peripheral inflammatory cytokines in patients with first episode generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). METHODS A prospective cohort design was employed: 42 patients with first episode GAD were treated with either escitalopram or sertraline for 12 weeks. Anxiety was measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and CRP determined by an immunoturbidimetric method before and after SSRIs treatment RESULTS: Baseline levels of anxiety and pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, and CRP were significantly reduced after treatment of SSRIs (p < 0.05 in all cases). In addition, the change of anxiety measures co-vary with the change of peripheral cytokine levels (p < 0.05 in all cases). The regression model revealed that log transformed baseline levels of CRP and IL-6 predicted treatment response (p < 0.05 in both cases). CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to investigate the effects of SSRIs on pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with first episode GAD. The findings indicate moderate acute anti-inflammatory effects of SSRIs in GAD, and suggest that these anti-inflammatory effects may underlie anxiolytic effects of SSRIs. The study also indicates that serum levels of CRP and IL-6 may predict treatment response. However, data from randomized controlled trials is warranted to confirm these findings.
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21
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Meynaghizadeh-Zargar R, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Mohaddes G, Salehpour F, Rasta SH. Effects of transcranial photobiomodulation and methylene blue on biochemical and behavioral profiles in mice stress model. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:573-584. [PMID: 31372913 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and methylene Blue (MB) in treating learning and memory impairments is previously reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of tPBM and MB in combination or alone on unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS)-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. Fifty-five male BALB/c mice were randomly allocated to five groups: control, laser sham + normal saline (NS), tPBM + NS, laser sham + MB, and tPBM + MB. All groups except the control underwent UCMS and were treated simultaneously for 4 weeks. Elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors. Novel object recognition (NOR) test and Barnes maze tests were used to evaluate learning and memory function. The serum cortisol and brain nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Behavioral tests revealed that UCMS impaired learning and memory, and treatment with PBM, MB, and their combination reversed these impairments. Levels of NO, ROS, SOD activity in brain, and serum cortisol levels significantly increased while brain GPx activity and total antioxidant capacity significantly decreased in the sham + NS animals when compared with the controls. A significant improvement was observed in treatment groups due to reversion of the aforementioned molecular analysis caused by UCMS when it was compared with control levels. Both tPBM and MB in combination or alone have significant therapeutic effects on learning and memory impairments in UCMS-received animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Meynaghizadeh-Zargar
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran. .,Department of Medical Physics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran. .,Department of Medical Bioengineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666, Iran. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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22
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da Silva LA, Tortelli L, Motta J, Menguer L, Mariano S, Tasca G, de Bem Silveira G, Pinho RA, Silveira PCL. Effects of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy and oxidative stress in depressed elderly individuals: A randomized clinical trial. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2019; 74:e322. [PMID: 31271585 PMCID: PMC6585867 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2019/e322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercise on mental health, functional autonomy and oxidative stress parameters in depressed elderly individuals. METHODS Initially, ninety-two elderly individuals were included in the study and were allocated into the depression group (n=16) and nondepression group (n=14). Both groups engaged in the aquatic exercise program for 12 weeks, including two weekly sessions (45 min/session) at a low intensity (between 50% and 60% of maximal heart rate or Borg scale scores of 13 to 14) throughout the intervention. All outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks later. RESULTS The patients were 63.5±8.8 years old. The following scores were decreased after training in the depressed group: depression (53%), anxiety (48%), and Timed Up & Go (33%). The following scores increased: Berg Balance Scale (9%) and flexibility (44%). Regarding the blood-based parameters, there were decreases in protein carbonylation (46%) and nitric oxide (60%) and increases in glutathione (170%) and superoxide dismutase (160%) in the depression group (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS The aquatic exercise program reduces depression and anxiety, improves functional autonomy and decreases oxidative stress in depressed elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Acordi da Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia e Bioquimica do Exercicio, Grupo de Pesquisa de Exercicios Aquaticos Avancados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, BR
- Escola Superior de Criciuma (ESUCRI), Criciuma, SC, BR
- Centro Universitario Barriga Verde (UNIBAVE), Orleans, SC, BR
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Luana Tortelli
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia e Bioquimica do Exercicio, Grupo de Pesquisa de Exercicios Aquaticos Avancados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, BR
| | - Janaina Motta
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia e Bioquimica do Exercicio, Grupo de Pesquisa de Exercicios Aquaticos Avancados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, BR
| | - Lorhan Menguer
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia e Bioquimica do Exercicio, Grupo de Pesquisa de Exercicios Aquaticos Avancados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, BR
| | - Sindianra Mariano
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia e Bioquimica do Exercicio, Grupo de Pesquisa de Exercicios Aquaticos Avancados, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, BR
| | - Gladson Tasca
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, BR
| | - Gustavo de Bem Silveira
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, BR
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica do Exercicio em Saude, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Pontifícia Universidade Catolica do Parana (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, BR
| | - Paulo Cesar Lock Silveira
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciuma, SC, BR
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Zhang L, An LT, Qiu Y, Shan XX, Zhao WL, Zhao JP, Li LH, Lang B, Wu RR. Effects of Aspirin in Rats With Ouabain Intracerebral Treatment-Possible Involvement of Inflammatory Modulation? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:497. [PMID: 31379619 PMCID: PMC6646710 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and refractory disease with high probability of morbidity and mortality. Although epidemiological studies have established a strong association between BD and immune dysfunction, the precise etiology is still debatable, and the underpinning mechanism remains poorly investigated and understood. In the present study, manic-like symptoms of BD were induced in rats after intracerebroventricular administration of ouabain. Aspirin, a commonly used anti-inflammatory agent, was used to treat the induced manic-like symptoms and inflammation. Concentrations of a spectrum of inflammatory cytokines were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both plasma and brain tissues, and expression of Toll-like receptors 3 and 4 were determined in rat brains. Locomotor activity was monitored with open-field test to assess the effects of ouabain challenge and to evaluate the treatment efficacy of aspirin. Ouabain administration recapitulated many mania-like features such as increased stereotypic counts, traveling distance in open-field test, and decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, interferon gamma, and Toll-like receptor 3, which were frequently found in patients with BD. These abnormalities could be partially reversed by aspirin. Our findings suggest that aspirin could be used as a promising adjunctive therapy for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Ting An
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Le-Hua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Institute of Medical Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ren-Rong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China.,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Interleukin 17 and Treg - a common pathomechanism and a new target of therapy in rheumatic diseases and depression. Reumatologia 2018; 56:201-202. [PMID: 30237623 PMCID: PMC6142021 DOI: 10.5114/reum.2018.77969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Alboni S, Benatti C, Capone G, Tascedda F, Brunello N. Neither all anti-inflammatory drugs nor all doses are effective in accelerating the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine in an animal model of depression. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:124-128. [PMID: 29655073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been studied as possible adjunctive therapy in the treatment of depression. However, administering NSAIDs to increase the effectiveness of antidepressant has yielded inconsistent results. METHODS We evaluated the effect of the co-administration of fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) and flurbiprofen (5 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) and celecoxib (5 mg/kg) in the chronic escape deficit (CED) model of depression after 7 days of treatment. The co-administration of fluoxetine plus acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 45 mg/kg i.p.) was used as a positive control. Moreover, we tested the behavioral effect of different doses (45, 22.5, and 11.25 mg/Kg i.p.) of ASA as potentiating agent of the effect of fluoxetine in the same paradigm. RESULTS Our study showed that only the co-administration of ASA with fluoxetine was able to revert the stress-induced condition of escape deficit after 7 days of treatment, and that the amplitude of the antidepressant-like effect of ASA was dose dependent. In the same experimental conditions, celecoxib with fluoxetine only partially resolved the stress-induced impaired behavior while flurbiprofen/fluoxetine cotreatment was ineffective. LIMITATIONS Our study is still exploratory, more doses, longer treatment regimens, and different behavioral outcomes must be investigated to draw a clear conclusion. CONCLUSION Our results further stress the importance of the type and dose when NSAIDs are associated with antidepressants to ameliorate a clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alboni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena Italy
| | - Giacomo Capone
- AIFA-Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, Via del Tritone, 181-00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena Italy
| | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena Italy
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Wigner P, Czarny P, Galecki P, Su KP, Sliwinski T. The molecular aspects of oxidative & nitrosative stress and the tryptophan catabolites pathway (TRYCATs) as potential causes of depression. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:566-574. [PMID: 28951145 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Depression is the most common mental disorder in the world. It is estimated that 350 million people suffer from depression worldwide. Depressive disorders will have become the second most frequent health problem globally by the year 2020, just behind ischemic heart disease. The causes of depressive disorders are not fully known. Previous studies showed that impaired tryptophan catabolites pathway, oxidative and nitrosative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. Patients with depression have lower plasma levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidise in comparison to controls. Moreover, depressed patients are characterized by decreased plasma levels of zinc, coenzyme Q10, albumin, uric acid, vitamin E and glutathione. Abnormal nitric oxidative production and nitric oxide synthase activity are also associated with depression. A dysfunction of the tryptophan catabolites pathway, indicated by increased levels of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, is also involved in the development of depression. Furthermore, increased levels of kynurenine and quinolinic acid might cause depression. Moreover, studies to date indicate that 8-oxyguanine, malondialdehyde, and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α may serve as possible biomarkers. Additionally, regulation of defective mechanisms may provide a promising direction for the development of new and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Quinn AL, Dean OM, Davey CG, Kerr M, Harrigan SM, Cotton SM, Chanen AM, Dodd S, Ratheesh A, Amminger GP, Phelan M, Williams A, Mackinnon A, Giorlando F, Baird S, Rice S, O'Shea M, Schäfer MR, Mullen E, Hetrick S, McGorry P, Berk M. Youth Depression Alleviation-Augmentation with an anti-inflammatory agent (YoDA-A): protocol and rationale for a placebo-controlled randomized trial of rosuvastatin and aspirin. Early Interv Psychiatry 2018; 12:45-54. [PMID: 26542332 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is growing support for the role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). This has led to the development of novel strategies targeting inflammation in the treatment of depression. Rosuvastatin and aspirin have well-documented, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of the Youth Depression Alleviation: Augmentation with an anti-inflammatory agent (YoDA-A) study is to determine whether individuals receiving adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents, aspirin and rosuvastatin experience a reduction in the severity of MDD compared with individuals receiving placebo. METHODS YoDA-A is a 12-week triple-blind, randomized controlled trial funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia. Participants aged 15-25, with moderate-to-severe MDD, are allocated to receive either 10 mg/day rosuvastatin, 100 mg/day aspirin, or placebo, in addition to treatment as usual. Participants are assessed at baseline and at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 26. The primary outcome is change in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) from baseline to week 12. RESULTS The study is planned to be completed in 2017. At date of publication, 85 participants have been recruited. CONCLUSION Timely and targeted intervention for youth MDD is crucial. Given the paucity of new agents to treat youth MDD, adjunctive trials are not only pragmatic and 'real-world', but additionally aim to target shortfalls in conventional medications. This study has the potential to first provide two new adjunctive treatment options for youth MDD; aspirin and rosuvastatin. Second, this study will serve as proof of principle of the role of inflammation in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Quinn
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa Kerr
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Susy M Harrigan
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew M Chanen
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seetal Dodd
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Aswin Ratheesh
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mark Phelan
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amber Williams
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Mackinnon
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Francesco Giorlando
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shelley Baird
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Simon Rice
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Miriam R Schäfer
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Edward Mullen
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Hetrick
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
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Adzic M, Brkic Z, Mitic M, Francija E, Jovicic MJ, Radulovic J, Maric NP. Therapeutic Strategies for Treatment of Inflammation-related Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:176-209. [PMID: 28847294 PMCID: PMC5883379 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170828163048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence demonstrates enhanced systemic levels of inflammatory mediators in depression, indicating that inflammation may play a role in the etiology and course of mood disorders. Indeed, proinflammatory cytokines induce a behavioral state of conservation- withdrawal resembling human depression, characterized by negative mood, fatigue, anhedonia, psychomotor retardation, loss of appetite, and cognitive deficits. Neuroinflammation also contributes to non-responsiveness to current antidepressant (AD) therapies. Namely, response to conventional AD medications is associated with a decrease in inflammatory biomarkers, whereas resistance to treatment is accompanied by increased inflammation. METHODS In this review, we will discuss the utility and shortcomings of pharmacologic AD treatment strategies focused on inflammatory pathways, applied alone or as an adjuvant component to current AD therapies. RESULTS Mechanisms of cytokine actions on behavior involve activation of inflammatory pathways in the brain, resulting in changes of neurotransmitter metabolism, neuroendocrine function, and neuronal plasticity. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors exhibit the most beneficial effects in restraining the inflammation markers in depression. Different anti-inflammatory agents exhibit AD effects via modulating neurotransmitter systems, neuroplasticity markers and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. Anti-inflammatory add-on therapy in depression highlights such treatment as a candidate for enhancement strategy in patients with moderate-to-severe depression. CONCLUSION The interactions between the immune system and CNS are not only involved in shaping behavior, but also in responding to therapeutics. Even though, substantial evidence from animal and human research support a beneficial effect of anti-inflammatory add-on therapy in depression, further research with special attention on safety, particularly during prolonged periods of antiinflammatory co-treatments, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Adzic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Brkic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Mitic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ester Francija
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica J. Jovicic
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radulovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Asher Center of Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nadja P. Maric
- Clinic for Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wigner P, Czarny P, Synowiec E, Bijak M, Białek K, Talarowska M, Galecki P, Szemraj J, Sliwinski T. Variation of genes involved in oxidative and nitrosative stresses in depression. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 48:38-48. [PMID: 29331597 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The dominating hypothesis among numerous hypotheses explaining the pathogenesis of depressive disorders (DD) is the one involving oxidative and nitrosative stress. In this study, we examined the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the genes encoding SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), CAT (catalase), GPx4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), NOS1 (nitric oxide synthase 1), NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2), and the development of depressive disorders. Our study was carried out on the DNA isolated from peripheral blood collected from 281 depressed patients and 229 controls. Using TaqMan probes, we genotyped the following six polymorphisms: c.47T>C (p.Val16Ala) (rs4880) in SOD2, c.-89A>T (rs7943316) in CAT, c.660T>C (rs713041) in GPx4, c.-420-34221G>A (rs1879417) in NOS1, c.1823C>T (p.Ser608Leu) (rs2297518), and c.-227G>C (rs10459953) in NOS2. We found that the T/T genotype of the c.47T>C polymorphism was linked with an increased risk of depression. Moreover, the T/T genotype and T allele of c.660T>C increased the risk of DD occurrence, while the heterozygote and C allele decreased this risk. On the other hand, we discovered that the A/A genotype of c.-89A>T SNP was associated with a reduced risk of DD, while the A/T genotype increased this risk. We did not find any correlation between the genotypes/alleles of c.-420-34221G>A, c.1823C>T, and c.-227G>C, and the occurrence of DD. In addition, gene-gene and haplotype analyses revealed that combined genotypes and haplotypes were connected with the disease. Moreover, we found that sex influenced the impact of some SNPs on the risk of depression. Concluding, the studied polymorphisms of SOD2, CAT and GPx4 may modulate the risk of depression. These results support the hypothesis that oxidative and nitrosative stresses are involved in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Bijak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Białek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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30
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Wang F, Wang J, An J, Yuan G, Hao X, Zhang Y. Resveratrol ameliorates depressive disorder through the NETRIN1-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase/cAMP signal transduction pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4611-4618. [PMID: 29328454 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorder is a mental health disorder caused by the dysfunction of nerve regeneration, neuroendocrine and neurobiochemistry, which frequently results in cognitive impairments and disorder. Evidence has shown that resveratrol offers benefits for the treatment of depressive disorder. In the present study, the therapeutic effects of resveratrol were investigated and the potential mechanisms mediated by resveratrol were analyzed in hippocampal neuron cells. The anti‑oxidative stress and anti‑inflammatory properties of resveratrol were also examined in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that resveratrol administration inhibited the inflammation in hippocampal neuron cells induced by ouabain. Oxidative stress in the hippocampal neuron cells was ameliorated by resveratrol treatment in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron cells was inhibited by the upregulation of anti‑apoptotic genes, including P53, B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated death promoter, and the downregulation of the cleaved caspase‑3 and caspase‑9. The analysis of the mechanism revealed that that resveratrol treatment suppressed the apoptosis of hippocampal neuron cells through the NETRIN1‑mediated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase/cAMP signal transduction pathway. The results of the in vivo assay showed that resveratrol treatment led to improvements in cognitive competence, learning memory ability and anxiety in a mouse model of depressive disorder induced by ouabain. In conclusion, these results indicated that resveratrol treatment had protective effects against oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory pathogenesis through the NETRIN1‑mediated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase/cAMP signal transduction pathway, suggesting that resveratrol treatment may be a potential antidepressant agent for the treatment of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Jinghong An
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Guoming Yuan
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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The interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, DNA repair and mitochondrial dysfunction in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:309-321. [PMID: 28669580 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may play a significant role in the development and progression of depression. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species - a result of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance - may lead to increased damage of biomolecules, including DNA. This was confirmed in depressed patients in a research study conducted by our team and other scientists. 8-oxoguanine - a marker of oxidative DNA damage - was found in the patients' lymphocytes, urine and serum. These results were confirmed using a comet assay on lymphocytes. Furthermore, it was shown that the patients' cells repaired peroxide-induced DNA damage less efficiently than controls' cells and that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the genes involved in oxidative DNA damage repair may modulate the risk of depression. Lastly, less efficient DNA damage repair observed in the patients can be, at least partly, attributed to the presence of specific SNP variants, as it was revealed through a genotype-phenotype analysis. In conclusion, the available literature shows that both oxidative stress and less efficient DNA damage repair may lead to increased DNA damage in depressed patients. A similar mechanism may result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which is observed in depression.
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Sowa-Kućma M, Styczeń K, Siwek M, Misztak P, Nowak RJ, Dudek D, Rybakowski JK, Nowak G, Maes M. Lipid Peroxidation and Immune Biomarkers Are Associated with Major Depression and Its Phenotypes, Including Treatment-Resistant Depression and Melancholia. Neurotox Res 2017; 33:448-460. [PMID: 29103192 PMCID: PMC5766730 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To examine immune-inflammatory and oxidative (I&O) biomarkers in major depression (MDD) and its related phenotypes, we recruited 114 well-phenotyped depressed patients and 50 healthy controls and measured serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 60 and 80 kDa (sTNF-R1/R2), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Obtained results indicate that MDD is characterized by increased sIL-1RA, sTNF-R1, and TBARS concentrations. Melancholic depression is associated with increased sIL-6R but lowered IL-1α levels. A current episode of depression is accompanied by significantly increased sIL-6R compared to the remitted state. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is accompanied by increased sIL-6R and TBARS but lowered sTNF-R2 levels compared to non-TRD patients. These immune markers are not significantly correlated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale (MADRS), number episodes, or age at onset. Our findings show that increased sIL-1RA, sTNF-R1, and TBARS levels may be trait markers of depression, while increased sIL-6R levels may be a state marker of melancholia and an acute phase of depression. MDD is accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and simultaneous activation of immune pathways, and the compensatory anti-inflammatory reflex system (CIRS). TRD is characterized by highly increased oxidative stress and probably increased TNFα and IL-6 trans-signalling. Novel treatments for major depression should target oxidative stress pathways, while new treatments for TRD should primary target lipid peroxidation and also activated immune-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland. .,Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Rzeszow, Al. Kopisto Street 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Styczeń
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał J Nowak
- Department of Drug Management, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna Street 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.,Chair of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, School of Medicine and Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia. .,Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,Revitalis, Waalre, the Netherlands.
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Rebai R, Jasmin L, Boudah A. The antidepressant effect of melatonin and fluoxetine in diabetic rats is associated with a reduction of the oxidative stress in the prefrontal and hippocampal cortices. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:142-150. [PMID: 28746841 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years possible mechanisms that link diabetes and depression have been found. One of these mechanisms is the increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in antioxidant activity in the hippocampal and prefrontal cortices, which are brain areas involved in mood. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an antidepressant and of an antioxidant on behavior and oxidative activity in brains of diabetic rats. Rats rendered diabetic after a treatment with streptozotocin (STZ) (60mg/kg) were treated with fluoxetine (15mg/kg), melatonin (10mg/kg), or vehicle for 4 weeks. All animals were tested for signs of depression and anxiety using the elevated plus maze (EPM), open field test (OFT) and the forced swim test (FST). Four groups were compared: (1) normoglycemic, (2) hyperglycemic vehicle treated, and hyperglycemic (3) fluoxetine or (4) melatonin treated rats. On the last day of the study, blood samples were obtained to determine the levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Also, brain samples were collected to measure the oxidative stress in the hippocampal and prefrontal cortices using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were also measured on the brain samples. The results show that both fluoxetine and melatonin decrease the signs of depression and anxiety in all tests. Concomitantly, the levels of HbA1c were reduced in drug treated rats, and to a greater degree in the fluoxetine group. In the cerebral cortex of diabetic rats, TBARS was increased, while the activity of CAT, GPx and GST were decreased. Fluoxetine and melatonin treatments decreased TBARS in both cortices. In the prefrontal cortex, fluoxetine and melatonin restored the activity of CAT, while only melatonin improved the activity of GPx and GST. In the hippocampus, the activity of GPx alone was restored by melatonin, while fluoxetine had no effect. These results suggest that antidepressants and antioxidants can counter the mood and oxidative disorders associated with diabetes. While these effects could result from a decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Rebai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Mentouri Brothers, Constantine BP, 325 Road of Ain El Bey, 25017 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Luc Jasmin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, 521 Parnassus Ave, Campus Box 0440, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Abdennacer Boudah
- National Higher School of Biotechnology, Ville universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100 Constantine, Algeria.
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Réus GZ, Matias BI, Maciel AL, Abelaira HM, Ignácio ZM, de Moura AB, Matos D, Danielski LG, Petronilho F, Carvalho AF, Quevedo J. Mechanism of synergistic action on behavior, oxidative stress and inflammation following co-treatment with ketamine and different antidepressant classes. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1094-1102. [PMID: 28988615 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects many people in the world. However, around 40% of patients do not respond to any pharmacological drugs. An alternative is to use a combination of different pharmacological groups or the combination of a classical antidepressant with a substance that can potentiate its effect. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the synergistic interactions between different antidepressants, including fluoxetine, quetiapine and lamotrigine in combination with ketamine, a N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. METHODS Wistar rats were acutely treated with fluoxetine (1.25mg/kg), quetiapine (5mg/kg), and lamotrigine (5.0mg/kg) alone or in combination with ketamine (5.0mg/kg), and then subjected to behavioral tests. In addition, oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity were assessed in the rat brain, and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were evaluated in the serum. RESULTS It was observed a synergistic effect of ketamine in combination with fluoxetine on the immobility time in the forced swimming test, indicating an antidepressant effect. Other antidepressant did not show effects when administrated alone or joint to ketamine. The combination of ketamine with other antidepressants, particularly quetiapine, in some brain regions induced an increase in damage to lipids and proteins. However, the combination of ketamine with fluoxetine increased the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase, and decreased oxidative damage, thus suggesting a neuroprotective effect of the combination of these drugs. The combination of ketamine with fluoxetine or lamotrigine reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. CONCLUSION In conclusion, ketamine induced antioxidant or pro-antioxidant effects dependent of antidepressant classes or brain area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Z Réus
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz I Matias
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda L Maciel
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Helena M Abelaira
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Zuleide M Ignácio
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Airam B de Moura
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Danyela Matos
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Lucineia G Danielski
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathophysiology, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
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Gammoh O, Mayyas F, Darwish Elhajji F. Chlorpheniramine and escitalopram: Similar antidepressant and nitric oxide lowering roles in a mouse model of anxiety. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:675-680. [PMID: 28584640 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a crosstalk between mood disorders and oxidative stress. Chlorpheniramine (CPA), a first generation antihistamine, is hypothesized to have an anxiolytic role at high doses; however, its antidepressant and antioxidant roles have not previously been investigated. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of CPA treatment in association with nitric oxide (NO) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity in a mouse model of anxiety. BALB/c mice were divided into unstressed (naïve), control, and CPA- (0.5 mg/kg) and escitalopram- (ESC; 10 mg/kg) treated groups for 3 weeks. Subsequently, they were immobilized for 6 h and subjected to behavioural paradigms as follows: The open field test, the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the forced swim test to investigate motor function, anxiety and depression, respectively. The mice were sacrificed and serum was obtained to detect NO and SOD activity. Compared with the control group, the CPA-treated group demonstrated an antidepressant effect similar to that of the ESC-treated group. In addition, CPA prevented stress-induced NO without affecting SOD activity. CPA did not improve anxiety-like behaviour in the EPM, nor did it improve stress-induced locomotion and rearing, as demonstrated by the OFT. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the antidepressant role of CPA in association with NO metabolism. However, further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Gammoh
- Department of Pharmacy, American University of Madaba, Amman 11821, Jordan
| | - Fadia Mayyas
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Miłkowska P, Popko K, Demkow U, Wolańczyk T. Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28456928 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cytokines are a large group of small proteins which play a significant role in cell signaling and regulate a variety of processes in organisms, including proliferation and differentiation of many cells, mediation in defense reactions and regulation of hematopoiesis. Cytokines can be divided into those with pro- and those with anti-inflammatory properties. In the group of pro-inflammatory cytokines the most important are: IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. Pro-inflammatory cytokines might be involved in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric conditions in adults, but their role in children and adolescents is less clear. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Miłkowska
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Popko
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolańczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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Du J, Zhu M, Bao H, Li B, Dong Y, Xiao C, Zhang GY, Henter I, Rudorfer M, Vitiello B. The Role of Nutrients in Protecting Mitochondrial Function and Neurotransmitter Signaling: Implications for the Treatment of Depression, PTSD, and Suicidal Behaviors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 56:2560-2578. [PMID: 25365455 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2013.876960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have linked severe stress to the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicidal behaviors. Furthermore, recent preclinical studies from our laboratory and others have demonstrated that in rodents, chronic stress and the stress hormone cortisol cause oxidative damage to mitochondrial function and membrane lipids in the brain. Mitochondria play a key role in synaptic neurotransmitter signaling by providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), mediating lipid and protein synthesis, buffering intracellular calcium, and regulating apoptotic and resilience pathways. Membrane lipids are similarly essential to central nervous system (CNS) function because cholesterol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and sphingolipids form a lipid raft region, a special lipid region on the membrane that mediates neurotransmitter signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors and ion channels. Low serum cholesterol levels, low antioxidant capacity, and abnormal early morning cortisol levels are biomarkers consistently associated with both depression and suicidal behaviors. In this review, we summarize the manner in which nutrients can protect against oxidative damage to mitochondria and lipids in the neuronal circuits associated with cognitive and affective behaviors. These nutrients include ω3 fatty acids, antioxidants (vitamin C and zinc), members of the vitamin B family (Vitamin B12 and folic acid), and magnesium. Accumulating data have shown that these nutrients can enhance neurocognitive function, and may have therapeutic benefits for depression and suicidal behaviors. A growing body of studies suggests the intriguing possibility that regular consumption of these nutrients may help prevent the onset of mood disorders and suicidal behaviors in vulnerable individuals, or significantly augment the therapeutic effect of available antidepressants. These findings have important implications for the health of both military and civilian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China.,c Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Ming Zhu
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Hongkun Bao
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Bai Li
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Yilong Dong
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Chunjie Xiao
- a School of Medicine, Yunnan University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Grace Y Zhang
- c Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Ioline Henter
- d Molecular Imaging Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIMH, NIH , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
| | - Matthew Rudorfer
- b Division of Service and Intervention Research, NIMH, NIH , Rockville , Maryland , USA
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- b Division of Service and Intervention Research, NIMH, NIH , Rockville , Maryland , USA
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Miłkowska P, Popko K, Demkow U, Wolańczyk T. Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1021:73-80. [PMID: 28405892 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are a large group of small proteins which play a significant role in cell signaling and regulate a variety of processes in organisms, including proliferation and differentiation of many cells, mediation in defense reactions and regulation of hematopoiesis. Cytokines can be divided into those with pro- and those with anti-inflammatory properties. In the group of pro-inflammatory cytokines the most important are: IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma. Pro-inflammatory cytokines might be involved in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric conditions in adults, but their role in children and adolescents is less clear. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the patterns of pro-inflammatory cytokines in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Miłkowska
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Popko
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wolańczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Warsaw Medical University, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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Bobińska K, Szemraj J, Czarny P, Gałecki P. Role of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in the development of recurrent depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 205:119-129. [PMID: 27434116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MMPs play a role in modulating inflammation and their impact in many inflammatory diseases has been investigated. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the relationship between selected polymorphisms for MMP-2 (C-735T), MMP-7 (A-181G), MMP-9 (T-1702A, C1562T) and TIMP-2 (G-418C) and depression, as well as between the importance of distribution of genotypes and alleles for the examined polymorphisms and the risk of depression occurrence. METHODS The examined population comprised 203 individuals suffering from depression and 99 individuals who formed a control group. Designations were carried out for MMP-2 (C-735T), MMP-7 (A-181G), MMP-9 (T-1702A, C1562T) and TIMP-2 (G-418C). The distribution of haplotypes of the MMP-9T-1702A and MMP-9 C1562T was specified for MMP-9 (T-1702A, C1562T). RESULTS In rDD group and in the control group the presence of the T-1702A polymorphism for MMP-9 increases the risk of rDD development for the T/T genotype and T allele (OR=2.191). The A/A genotype (OR=0.120) and A allele (OR=0.442) reduce the risk of disease occurrence in the examined polymorphisms for MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9. The C/C genotype and C allele of the C1562T MMP-9 polymorphism increase the risk of middle-age depression, while the T allele makes this risk smaller. The incidence of rDD was greater for the C/T C-735T/MMP-2/genotype and G/G A-181G /MMP-7/genotype. A similarly high risk of incidence was confirmed for the C/T - T/T genotypes of the MMP-2C-735T and MMP-9T-1702A polymorphisms. A higher risk of incidence (OR=9.376) was confirmed in the case of a set of T/T-G/C genotypes of the MMP-9T-1702A and TIMP-2G-418C polymorphisms. For the gene-gene interactions presented above, a statistically significant difference was found between the examined group and the control group. LIMITATIONS A small group of examined patients and the need for conducting the study in other populations in order to determine the impact of the stratification factor. CONCLUSIONS 1. The evaluated polymorphisms in MMP genes have significant importance for the development of depression; they also have an impact on depression onset. 2. Further studies focused on changes of MMPs in the development of rDD are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Bobińska
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, Lodz 91-229, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Aleksandrowska 159, Lodz 91-229, Poland.
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Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3975101. [PMID: 27563374 PMCID: PMC4983669 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3975101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between the affective disorders and the almost ubiquitous pathological oxidative stress can be described in a multifactorial way, as an important mechanism of central nervous system impairment. Whether the obvious changes which occur in oxidative balance of the affective disorders are a part of the constitutive mechanism or a collateral effect yet remains as an interesting question. However it is now clear that oxidative stress is a component of these disorders, being characterized by different aspects in a disease-dependent manner. Still, there are a lot of controversies regarding the relevance of the oxidative stress status in most of the affective disorders and despite the fact that most of the studies are showing that the affective disorders development can be correlated to increased oxidative levels, there are various studies stating that oxidative stress is not linked with the mood changing tendencies. Thus, in this minireview we decided to describe the way in which oxidative stress is involved in the affective disorders development, by focusing on the main oxidative stress markers that could be used mechanistically and therapeutically in these deficiencies, the genetic perspectives, some antioxidant approaches, and the relevance of some animal models studies in this context.
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41
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DNA Damage in Major Psychiatric Diseases. Neurotox Res 2016; 30:251-67. [PMID: 27126805 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-016-9621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human cells are exposed to exogenous insults and continuous production of different metabolites. These insults and unwanted metabolic products might interfere with the stability of genomic DNA. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that different psychiatric disorders show substantially high levels of oxidative DNA damage in the brain accompanied with morphological and functional alterations. It reveals that damaged genomic DNA may contribute to the pathophysiology of these mental illnesses. In this article, we review the roles of oxidative damage and reduced antioxidant ability in some vastly studied psychiatric disorders and emphasize the inclusion of treatment options involving DNA repair. In addition, while most currently used antidepressants are based on the manipulation of the neurotransmitter regulation in managing different mental abnormalities, they are able to prevent or reverse neurotoxin-induced DNA damage. Therefore, it may be plausible to target on genomic DNA alterations for psychiatric therapies, which is of pivotal importance for future antipsychiatric drug development.
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Caiaffo V, Oliveira BDR, de Sá FB, Evêncio Neto J. Anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidant activity of fluoxetine. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00231. [PMID: 27433341 PMCID: PMC4876141 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that has been widely used to determine the neurotransmission of serotonin in the central nervous system. This substance has emerged as the drug of choice for the treatment of depression due to is safer profile, fewer side effects, and greater tolerability. Studies have found the following important functions of fluoxetine related to the central nervous system: neuroprotection; anti-inflammatory properties similar to standard drugs for the treatment of inflammatory conditions; antioxidant properties, contributing to its therapeutic action and an important intracellular mechanism underlying the protective pharmacological effects seen in clinical practice in the treatment of different stress-related adverse health conditions; and antiapoptotic properties, with greater neuron survival and a reduction in apoptosis mediators as well as oxidative substances, such as superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxide. The aim of this study was to perform a review of the literature on the important role of fluoxetine in anti-inflammatory, cell survival, and neuron trophicity mechanisms (antiapoptotic properties) as well as its role regarding enzymes of the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Caiaffo
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Belisa D R Oliveira
- Department of Physiotherapy Caruaruense Association of Higher Education Brazil
| | - Fabrício B de Sá
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Joaquim Evêncio Neto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Brazil
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Black CN, Penninx BWJH, Bot M, Odegaard AO, Gross MD, Matthews KA, Jacobs DR. Oxidative stress, anti-oxidants and the cross-sectional and longitudinal association with depressive symptoms: results from the CARDIA study. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e743. [PMID: 26905415 PMCID: PMC4872434 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression may be accompanied by increased oxidative stress and decreased circulating anti-oxidants. This study examines the association between depressive symptoms, F2-isoprostanes and carotenoids in a US community sample. The study includes 3009 participants (mean age 40.3, 54.2% female) from CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults). Cross-sectional analyses were performed on data from the year 15 examination (2000-2001) including subjects whose depressive symptoms were assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and had measurements of plasma F2-isoprostanes (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) or serum carotenoids (high-performance liquid chromatography). Carotenoids zeaxanthin/lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene were standardized and summed. Longitudinal analyses were conducted using the data from other examinations at 5-year intervals. Cross-lagged analyses investigated whether CES-D predicted F2-isoprostanes or carotenoids at the following exam, and vice versa. Regression analyses were controlled for sociodemographics, health and lifestyle factors. F2-isoprostanes were higher in subjects with depressive symptoms (CES-D ⩾ 16) after adjustment for sociodemographics (55.7 vs 52.0 pg ml(-1); Cohen's d = 0.14, P < 0.001). There was no difference in F2-isoprostanes after further adjustment for health and lifestyle factors. Carotenoids were lower in those with CES-D scores ⩾ 16, even after adjustment for health and lifestyle factors (standardized sum 238.7 vs 244.0, Cohen's d = -0.16, P < 0.001). Longitudinal analyses confirmed that depression predicts subsequent F2-isoprostane and carotenoid levels. Neither F2-isoprostanes nor carotenoids predicted subsequent depression. In conclusion, depressive symptoms were cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with increased F2-isoprostanes and decreased carotenoids. The association with F2-isoprostanes can largely be explained by lifestyle factors, but lower carotenoids were independently associated with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Black
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M D Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - K A Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Silva MCC, de Sousa CNS, Gomes PXL, de Oliveira GV, Araújo FYR, Ximenes NC, da Silva JC, Vasconcelos GS, Leal LKAM, Macêdo D, Vasconcelos SMM. Evidence for protective effect of lipoic acid and desvenlafaxine on oxidative stress in a model depression in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 64:142-8. [PMID: 26265141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the neurobiology of depression. Here we investigated oxidative alterations in brain areas of animals submitted to the model of depression induced by corticosterone (CORT) and the effects of the antioxidant compound alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) alone or associated with the antidepressant desvenlafaxine (DVS) in these alterations. Female mice received vehicle or CORT (20 mg/kg) during 14 days. From the 15th to 21st days different animals received further administrations of: vehicle, DVS (10 or 20 mg/kg), ALA (100 or 200 mg/kg), or the combinations of DVS10+ALA100, DVS20+ALA100, DVS10+ALA200, or DVS20+ALA200. Twenty-four hours after the last drug administration prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and striatum (ST) were dissected for the determination of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LP) levels. CORT significantly increased SOD activity in the PFC and HC, decreased GSH levels in the HC and increased LP in all brain areas studied when compared to saline-treated animals. Decrements of SOD activity were observed in all groups and brain areas studied when compared to controls and CORT. The hippocampal decrease in GSH was reversed by ALA100, DVS10+ALA100, DVS20+ALA100 and DVS20+ALA200. The same DVS+ALA combination groups presented increased levels of GSH in the PFC and ST. The greater GSH levels were observed in the PFC, HC and ST of DVS20+ALA200 mice. LP was reversed in the groups ALA200 (PFC), DVS10+ALA100, DVS20+ALA100 (PFC, HC and ST), and DVS20+ALA200 (PFC, HC). Our findings contribute to the previous preclinical evidences implicating ALA as a promising agent for augmentation therapy in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Calheiros Chaves Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Caren Nádia Soares de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Xavier Lima Gomes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gersilene Valente de Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Yvelize Ramos Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Naiara Coelho Ximenes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Calheiros da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Germana Silva Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Macêdo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Cel. Nunes de Melo 1127, 60431-270 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Baune BT. Are Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Clinically Suitable for the Treatment of Symptoms in Depression-Associated Inflammation? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2016; 31:303-319. [PMID: 27405497 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aetiology and pathophysiology of depression have long been associated with inflammation, at least in a proportion of patients. Altered cytokine activity in the periphery and in the brain has brought support to a concept of depression-associated inflammation. However, these immunological changes - and inflammation in particular - in depression have only been recently targeted for treatment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been proposed to be of clinical use in the treatment of depression either as monotherapy or as adjuncts in combination with antidepressants. Specifically, selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and non-selective COX inhibitor NSAIDs as adjuncts or monotherapy have been trialled clinically. A limited body of clinical research has been conducted with mixed results so far. Although meta-analyses appear to support the use of NSAIDs in acute depression, the overall effect is mainly biased by the effects of celecoxib for which the best evidence exists to date. Efficacy data of non-selective COX inhibitor NSAIDs on depressive symptoms is limited and out of six studies, only a retrospective analysis shows positive results for non-selective COX inhibitor. Clinical data on aspirin, an irreversible inhibitor of both COX-1 and COX-2, are mainly experimental and hypothetical at this stage, but may be promising in depressed patients with concomitant inflammatory conditions. The main problematic factor is that current evidence rests on trials in acute depression. Because of the dynamic nature of depression, it is important exploring if NSAIDs and other anti-inflammatory treatments may have a preventive role in early stages of depression and for relapse prevention. The possible impact of anti-inflammatory treatments on immune changes in different phases of depression warrants caution for a wide and preventive use of anti-inflammatory agents in depression-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Al-Samhari MM, Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rejaie S, Al-Rasheed NM, Hasan IH, Mahmoud AM, Dzimiri N. Possible involvement of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in N-acetylcysteine-mediated antidepressant-like effects. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:509-18. [PMID: 26643864 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215619707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in depression research have targeted inflammation and oxidative stress to develop novel types of treatment. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays pivotal roles in immune and inflammatory responses. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine, a putative precursor of the antioxidant glutathione, in an animal model of depression, with an emphasis on the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Fluoxetine, a classical antidepressant drug was also under investigation. Male Wistar rats were subjected to forced swimming test and given N-acetylcysteine and fluoxetine immediately after the pre-test session, 5 h later and 1 h before the test session of the forced swimming test. N-acetylcysteine decreased immobility time (P < 0.05), serum corticosterone (P < 0.001), and hydrogen peroxide (P < 0.001), while restored glutathione concentration. Treatment of the rats with N-acetylcysteine produced significant (P < 0.001) down-regulation of STAT3 mRNA expression and protein phosphorylation. On the other hand, N-acetylcysteine significantly (P < 0.001) increased SOCS3 gene expression; however, SOCS3 protein was not changed. In conclusion, our study suggests that modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway might mediate the antidepressant-like effects of N-acetylcysteine. Therefore, depression research may target the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to provide a novel effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Al-Samhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 22452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman H Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Nduna Dzimiri
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 12713, Saudi Arabia
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Nabavi SM, Daglia M, Braidy N, Nabavi SF. Natural products, micronutrients, and nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression: A short review. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 20:180-194. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2015.1103461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu T, Zhong S, Liao X, Chen J, He T, Lai S, Jia Y. A Meta-Analysis of Oxidative Stress Markers in Depression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138904. [PMID: 26445247 PMCID: PMC4596519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECT Studies have suggested that depression was accompanied by oxidative stress dysregulation, including abnormal total antioxidant capacity (TAC), antioxidants, free radicals, oxidative damage and autoimmune response products. This meta-analysis aims to analyse the clinical data quantitatively by comparing the oxidative stress markers between depressed patients and healthy controls. METHODS A search was conducted to collect the studies that measured the oxidative stress markers in depressed patients. Studies were searched in Embase, Medline, PsychINFO, Science direct, CBMDisc, CNKI and VIP from 1990 to May 2015. Data were subjected to meta-analysis by using a random effects model for examining the effect sizes of the results. Bias assessments, heterogeneity assessments and sensitivity analyses were also conducted. RESULTS 115 articles met the inclusion criteria. Lower TAC was noted in acute episodes (AEs) of depressed patients (p<0.05). Antioxidants, including serum paraoxonase, uric acid, albumin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and zinc levels were lower than controls (p<0.05); the serum uric acid, albumin and vitamin C levels were increased after antidepressant therapy (p<0.05). Oxidative damage products, including red blood cell (RBC) malondialdehyde (MDA), serum MDA and 8-F2-isoprostanes levels were higher than controls (p<0.05). After antidepressant medication, RBC and serum MDA levels were decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, serum peroxide in free radicals levels were higher than controls (p<0.05). There were no differences between the depressed patients and controls for other oxidative stress markers. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis supports the facts that the serum TAC, paraoxonase and antioxidant levels are lower, and the serum free radical and oxidative damage product levels are higher than controls in depressed patients. Meanwhile, the antioxidant levels are increased and the oxidative damage product levels are decreased after antidepressant medication. The pathophysiological relationships between oxidative stress and depression, and the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation deserve further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liao
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Management School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting He
- Management School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Pereira CA, Ferreira NS, Mestriner FL, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Evora PR, Resstel LB, Carneiro FS, Tostes RC. Chronic fluoxetine treatment increases NO bioavailability and calcium-sensitive potassium channels activation in rat mesenteric resistance arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:375-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Maingrette F, Dussault S, Dhahri W, Desjarlais M, Mathieu R, Turgeon J, Haddad P, Groleau J, Perez G, Rivard A. Psychological stress impairs ischemia-induced neovascularization: Protective effect of fluoxetine. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:569-78. [PMID: 26100680 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress (PS) has been associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and adverse long-term outcomes after ischemic events. However, the precise mechanisms involved are not completely understood. Here we investigated the effect of PS on ischemia-induced neovascularization, and the potential therapeutic effect of fluoxetine in this condition. METHODS AND RESULTS Balb/c mice were subjected or not to chronic restraint stress. After 3 weeks, hindlimb ischemia was surgically induced by femoral artery removal. We found that blood flow recovery was significantly impaired in mice exposed to PS compared to controls (Doppler flow ratio (DFR) 0.61 ± 0.07 vs. 0.80 ± 0.07, p < 0.05). At the microvascular level, capillary density was significantly reduced in ischemic muscles of mice exposed to PS (38 ± 1 vs. 74 ± 3 capillaries per field, p < 0.001). This correlated with increased oxidative stress levels and reduced expression of VEGF and VEGF signalling molecules (p44/p42 MAPK, Akt) in ischemic muscles. We found that the number of pro-angiogenic cells (PACs) was significantly reduced in mice exposed to PS. In addition, oxidative stress levels (DCF-DA, DHE) were increased in PACs isolated from mice exposed to PS, and this was associated with impaired PAC functional activities (migration, adhesion, and integration into tubules). Importantly, treatment of mice exposed to PS with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine improved all the angiogenic parameters, and completely rescued PS-induced impairment of neovascularization. CONCLUSION PS impairs ischemia-induced neovascularization. Potential mechanisms involved include reduced activation of the VEGF pathway in ischemic tissues, increased oxidative stress levels and reduced number and functional activities of PACs. Our results suggest that fluoxetine may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to improve neovascularization and reduce ischemia in patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases and exposed to PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Maingrette
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Dussault
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wahiba Dhahri
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Desjarlais
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Raphael Mathieu
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Turgeon
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Paola Haddad
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jessika Groleau
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gemma Perez
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Rivard
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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