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Sun T, Liu B, Cai L, Zhou Y, Yang W, Li Y. Suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), a HDAC inhibitor, suppresses the effect of Treg cells by targeting the c-Myc/CCL1 pathway in glioma stem cells and improves PD-L1 blockade therapy. J Neurooncol 2024; 168:457-471. [PMID: 38652401 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE A strong immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) represents the major barrier responsible for the failure of current immunotherapy approaches in treating Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Within the TME, the regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert immunosuppressive effects on CD8+ T cell - mediated anti-cancer immune killing. Consequently, targeting and inhibiting their immunosuppressive function emerges as an effective therapeutic strategy for GBM. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms and effects of Suberanilohydroxamic Acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on immunosuppressive Tregs. METHODS The tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the immunocompetent GBM intracranial implanted xenograft mouse model were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry techniques. The mRNA expressions were assessed through the RT-qPCR method, while the related protein expressions were determined using western blot, ELISA, immunofluorescence (IF), and flow cytometry techniques. The relationship between c-Myc and C-C motif Chemokine Ligand 1 (CCL1) promotor was validated through a dual-luciferase reporter assay system and chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULTS SAHA suppressed effectively tumor growth and extended significantly overall survival in the immunocompetent GBM intracranial xenograft mouse model. Additionally, it promoted the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes while suppressed the infiltration of CD4+ CD25+ Tregs. Furthermore, SAHA enhanced anti-PD-L1 immune therapy in the intracranial xenograft of mice. Mechanistically, SAHA exerted its effects by inhibiting histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), thereby suppressing the binding between c-Myc and the CCL1 promotor. CONCLUSION SAHA inhibited the binding of c-Myc with the CCL1 promoter and then suppressed the transcription of CCL1.Additionally, it effectively blocked the interplay of CCL1-CCR8, resulting in reduced activity of Tregs and alleviation of tumor immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- The Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- The Department of Neurosurgery at Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai Province, China
| | - Lize Cai
- The Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Youxin Zhou
- The Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine at, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- The Department of Neurosurgery and Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Tang M, Hattori Y. Effect of vorinostat on protein expression in vitro and in vivo following mRNA lipoplex administration. Biomed Rep 2024; 21:105. [PMID: 38868527 PMCID: PMC11168034 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that cationic liposomes comprised of N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylhexadecan-1-aminium bromide, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine and poly(ethylene glycol) cholesteryl ether induced substantial protein expression both in vitro and in vivo following the administration of mRNA/cationic liposome complexes (mRNA lipoplexes). The present study evaluated the effect of vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on protein expression levels in vitro and in vivo following the administration of mRNA lipoplexes. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of vorinostat for human cervical carcinoma HeLa and human liver cancer HepG2 cells were determined to be 7.8 and 2.6 µM, respectively, following a 24 h incubation period. Treatment with 1 µM vorinostat resulted in a 2.7-fold increase in luciferase (Luc) activity for HeLa cells and a 1.6-fold increase for HepG2 cells at 24 h post-transfection with firefly Luc (FLuc) mRNA lipoplexes compared with untreated cells. However, treatment with 10 µM vorinostat decreased Luc activity compared with treatment with 1 µM vorinostat. Intravenous injection of Cy5-labeled mRNA lipoplexes into mice resulted in mRNA accumulation primarily in the lungs; however, co-injection with vorinostat at doses of 5 or 25 mg/kg resulted in mRNA accumulation in both the lungs and liver. Furthermore, intravenous injection of FLuc mRNA lipoplexes resulted in high Luc activity in both the lungs and spleen. Nevertheless, co-injection with vorinostat slightly decreased Luc activity in the lungs but not in the spleen. These findings indicated that vorinostat enhances in vitro protein expression from transfected mRNA after treatment with a lower concentration of IC50; however, it does not largely affect in vivo protein expression from the transfected mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hattori
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hoshi University, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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El Omari N, Khalid A, Makeen HA, Alhazmi HA, Albratty M, Mohan S, Tan CS, Ming LC, Chook JB, Bouyahya A. Stochasticity of anticancer mechanisms underlying clinical effectiveness of vorinostat. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33052. [PMID: 39021957 PMCID: PMC11253278 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved vorinostat, also called Zolinza®, for its effectiveness in fighting cancer. This drug is a suberoyl-anilide hydroxamic acid belonging to the class of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). Its HDAC inhibitory potential allows it to accumulate acetylated histones. This, in turn, can restore normal gene expression in cancer cells and activate multiple signaling pathways. Experiments have proven that vorinostat induces histone acetylation and cytotoxicity in many cancer cell lines, increases the level of p21 cell cycle proteins, and enhances pro-apoptotic factors while decreasing anti-apoptotic factors. Additionally, it regulates the immune response by up-regulating programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and interferon gamma receptor 1 (IFN-γR1) expression, and can impact proteasome and/or aggresome degradation, endoplasmic reticulum function, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and angiogenesis inhibition. In this study, we sought to elucidate the precise molecular mechanism by which Vorinostat inhibits HDACs. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could improve our understanding of cancer cell abnormalities and provide new therapeutic possibilities for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreddine El Omari
- High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques of Tetouan, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Postal Code 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box: 2424, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Hafiz A. Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Postal Code 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Postal Code 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Postal Code 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Postal Code 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ching Siang Tan
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Jack Bee Chook
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, 10106, Morocco
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Chen C, Hernandez JC, Uthaya Kumar DB, Machida T, Tahara SM, El‐Khoueiry A, Li M, Punj V, Swaminathan SK, Kirtane A, Chen Y, Panyam J, Machida K. Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells for Screening of Selective Inhibitors of Tumor-Initiating Stem-Like Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206812. [PMID: 36949364 PMCID: PMC10190641 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A critical barrier to effective cancer therapy is the improvement of drug selectivity, toxicity, and reduced recurrence of tumors expanded from tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs). The aim is to identify circulating tumor cell (CTC)-biomarkers and to identify an effective combination of TIC-specific, repurposed federal drug administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Three different types of high-throughput screens targeting the TIC population are employed: these include a CD133 (+) cell viability screen, a NANOG expression screen, and a drug combination screen. When combined in a refined secondary screening approach that targets Nanog expression with the same FDA-approved drug library, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor(s) combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) demonstrate the highest efficacy for inhibition of TIC growth in vitro and in vivo. Addition of immune checkpoint inhibitor further decreases recurrence and extends PDX mouse survival. RNA-seq analysis of TICs reveals that combined drug treatment reduces many Toll-like receptors (TLR) and stemness genes through repression of the lncRNA MIR22HG. This downregulation induces PTEN and TET2, leading to loss of the self-renewal property of TICs. Thus, CTC biomarker analysis would predict the prognosis and therapy response to this drug combination. In general, biomarker-guided stratification of HCC patients and TIC-targeted therapy should eradicate TICs to extend HCC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Lin Chen
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Present address:
Department of Life Sciences & Institute of Genome SciencesNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung University110TaipeiTaiwan
| | - Juan Carlos Hernandez
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- California State UniversityChannel IslandsCamarilloCAUSA
| | - Dinesh Babu Uthaya Kumar
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Tatsuya Machida
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Stanley M. Tahara
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Anthony El‐Khoueiry
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA90033USA
| | - Meng Li
- Norris Medical Library2003 Zonal AveLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | - Vasu Punj
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer CenterLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | | | - Ameya Kirtane
- Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Norris Medical Library2003 Zonal AveLos AngelesCA90089USA
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA
| | - Keigo Machida
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90033USA
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and CirrhosisLos AngelesCA90033USA
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5
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Watanabe E, Yokoi A, Yoshida K, Sugiyama M, Kitagawa M, Nishino K, Yamamoto E, Niimi K, Yamamoto Y, Kajiyama H. Drug library screening identifies histone deacetylase inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for choriocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4543-4556. [PMID: 36106577 PMCID: PMC9972027 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choriocarcinoma is a rare and aggressive gynecological malignancy. The standard treatment is systemic chemotherapy as choriocarcinoma exhibits high chemosensitivity. However, refractory choriocarcinoma exhibits chemoresistance; thus, the prognosis remains very poor. This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic agents for choriocarcinoma by utilizing a drug repositioning strategy. METHODS Three choriocarcinoma cell lines (JAR, JEG-3, and BeWo) and a human extravillous trophoblast cell line (HTR-8/SVneo) were used for the analyses. The growth inhibitory effects of 1,271 FDA-approved compounds were evaluated in vitro screening assays and selected drugs were tested in tumor-bearing mice. Functional analyses of drug effects were performed based on RNA sequencing. RESULTS Muti-step screening identified vorinostat, camptothecin (S, +), topotecan, proscillaridin A, and digoxin as exhibiting an anti-cancer effect in choriocarcinoma cells. Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was selected as a promising candidate for validation and the IC50 values for choriocarcinoma cells were approximately 1 μM. RNA sequencing and subsequent pathway analysis revealed that the ferroptosis pathway was likely implicated, and key ferroptosis-related genes (i.e., GPX4, NRF2, and SLC3A2) were downregulated following vorinostat treatment. Furthermore, vorinostat repressed tumor growth and downregulated the expression of GPX4 and NRF2 in JAR cell-bearing mice model. CONCLUSION Vorinostat, a clinically approved drug for the treatment of advanced primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, showed a remarkable anticancer effect both in vitro and in vivo by regulating the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. Therefore, vorinostat may be an effective therapeutic candidate for patients with choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masami Kitagawa
- Bell Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Collaborative Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Nishino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiko Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaoru Niimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Integrative Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Reßing N, Schliehe-Diecks J, Watson PR, Sönnichsen M, Cragin AD, Schöler A, Yang J, Schäker-Hübner L, Borkhardt A, Christianson DW, Bhatia S, Hansen FK. Development of Fluorinated Peptoid-Based Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors for Therapy-Resistant Acute Leukemia. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15457-15472. [PMID: 36351184 PMCID: PMC9691607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using a microwave-assisted protocol, we synthesized 16 peptoid-capped HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) with fluorinated linkers and identified two hit compounds. In biochemical and cellular assays, 10h stood out as a potent unselective HDACi with remarkable cytotoxic potential against different therapy-resistant leukemia cell lines. 10h demonstrated prominent antileukemic activity with low cytotoxic activity toward healthy cells. Moreover, 10h exhibited synergistic interactions with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine in AML cell lines. The comparison of crystal structures of HDAC6 complexes with 10h and its nonfluorinated counterpart revealed a similar occupation of the L1 loop pocket but slight differences in zinc coordination. The substitution pattern of the acyl residue turned out to be crucial in terms of isoform selectivity. The introduction of an isopropyl group onto the phenyl ring provided the highly HDAC6-selective inhibitor 10p, which demonstrated moderate synergy with decitabine and exceeded the HDAC6 selectivity of tubastatin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reßing
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Schliehe-Diecks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paris R Watson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104-6323, United States
| | - Melf Sönnichsen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Abigail D Cragin
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104-6323, United States
| | - Andrea Schöler
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Brüderstraße 34, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, West Wenchang Road 458, Yangzhou225009, P. R. China
| | - Linda Schäker-Hübner
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121Bonn, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David W Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104-6323, United States
| | - Sanil Bhatia
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Finn K Hansen
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121Bonn, Germany
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Ren X, Jiang Z, Xu K. HDAC2 Induces DNA Methyltransferase DNMT3B Expression to Regulate the Wnt Signaling Pathway and Thus Promotes Glioma Development and Progression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:1948766. [PMID: 36267089 PMCID: PMC9578850 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1948766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of HDAC2 in glioma. Methods GSE16011, GSE31262, and GSE90598 datasets were used to identify co-expressed genes, GO analysis, and KEGG analysis to identify gene enrichment pathways, and PPI networks were constructed to identify gene interrelationships. HDAC2 enrichment on DNMT3B promoter and DNMT3B enrichment on Bcl2 CpG island was detected by a ChIP assay. The expression, prognosis, and hierarchical distribution of HDAC2, DNMT3B, and Bcl2 were examined in the CGGA database, and the correlation between HDAC2 and DNMT3B, Bcl2, and DNMT3B and Bcl2 was assessed. Results The HDAC2-DNMT3B-Bcl2 axis is differentially expressed and interacts in gliomas. HDAC2 activates the transcriptional activity of DNMT3B, and DNMT3B inhibits the expression of Bcl2. HDAC2 and DNMT3B are highly expressed in gliomas and have a poor prognosis, while Bcl2 is lowly expressed in gliomas and has a good prognosis. Conclusion HDAC2 promotes DNMT3B transcriptional repression of Bcl2 expression and Wnt pathway activity, thereby activating glioma cell activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ren
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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8
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Bar-Hai N, Ishay-Ronen D. Engaging plasticity: Differentiation therapy in solid tumors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944773. [PMID: 36034865 PMCID: PMC9410762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a systemic heterogeneous disease that can undergo several rounds of latency and activation. Tumor progression evolves by increasing diversity, adaptation to signals from the microenvironment and escape mechanisms from therapy. These dynamic processes indicate necessity for cell plasticity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in facilitating cell plasticity in solid tumors by inducing dedifferentiation and cell type transitions. These two practices, plasticity and dedifferentiation enhance tumor heterogeneity creating a key challenge in cancer treatment. In this review we will explore cancer cell plasticity and elaborate treatment modalities that aspire to overcome such dynamic processes in solid tumors. We will further discuss the therapeutic potential of utilizing enhanced cell plasticity for differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Bar-Hai
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Ishay-Ronen
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Dana Ishay-Ronen,
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9
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The Class I HDAC Inhibitor Valproic Acid Strongly Potentiates Gemcitabine Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer by Immune System Activation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030517. [PMID: 35327319 PMCID: PMC8945828 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gemcitabine efficacy in pancreatic cancer is often impaired due to limited intracellular uptake and metabolic activation. Epi-drugs target gene expression patterns and represent a promising approach to reverse chemoresistance. In this study, we investigate the chemosensitizing effect of different epi-drugs when combined with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Methods: Mouse KPC3 cells were used for all experiments. Five different epi-drugs were selected for combination therapy: 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, hydralazine, mocetinostat, panobinostat, and valproic acid (VPA). Treatment effects were determined by cell proliferation and colony forming assays. Expression of genes were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. The most promising epi-drug for combination therapy was studied in immune competent mice. Intratumor changes were defined using NanoString PanCancer panel IO360. Results: All epi-drugs, except hydralazine, potentiated the gemcitabine response in KPC3 cells (range decrease IC50 value 1.7−2-fold; p < 0.001). On colony formation, the cytotoxic effect of 0.5 ng/mL gemcitabine was 1.4 to 6.3 times stronger (p < 0.01). Two out of three drug-transporter genes were strongly upregulated following epi-drug treatment (a range fold increase of 17−124 and 9−60 for Slc28a1 and Slc28a3, respectively; all p < 0.001). VPA combined with gemcitabine significantly reduced tumor size with 74% compared to vehicle-treated mice and upregulated expression of immune-related pathways (range pathway score 0.86−1.3). Conclusions: These results provide a strong rationale for combining gemcitabine with VPA treatment. For the first time, we present intratumor changes and show activation of the immune system. Clinical trials are warranted to assess efficacy and safety of this novel combination in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Nawar N, Bukhari S, Adile AA, Suk Y, Manaswiyoungkul P, Toutah K, Olaoye OO, Raouf YS, Sedighi A, Garcha HK, Hassan MM, Gwynne W, Israelian J, Radu TB, Geletu M, Abdeldayem A, Gawel JM, Cabral AD, Venugopal C, de Araujo ED, Singh SK, Gunning PT. Discovery of HDAC6-Selective Inhibitor NN-390 with in Vitro Efficacy in Group 3 Medulloblastoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3193-3217. [PMID: 35119267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been targeted in clinical studies for anticancer effects due to its role in oncogenic transformation and metastasis. Through a second-generation structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, the design, and biological evaluation of the selective HDAC6 inhibitor NN-390 is reported. With nanomolar HDAC6 potency, >200-550-fold selectivity for HDAC6 in analogous HDAC isoform functional assays, potent intracellular target engagement, and robust cellular efficacy in cancer cell lines, NN-390 is the first HDAC6-selective inhibitor to show therapeutic potential in metastatic Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB), an aggressive pediatric brain tumor often associated with leptomeningeal metastases and therapy resistance. MB stem cells contribute to these patients' poor clinical outcomes. NN-390 selectively targets this cell population with a 44.3-fold therapeutic margin between patient-derived Group 3 MB cells in comparison to healthy neural stem cells. NN-390 demonstrated a 45-fold increased potency over HDAC6-selective clinical candidate citarinostat. In summary, HDAC6-selective molecules demonstrated in vitro therapeutic potential against Group 3 MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Nawar
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shazreh Bukhari
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ashley A Adile
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Krimo Toutah
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi O Olaoye
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yasir S Raouf
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Harsimran Kaur Garcha
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Muhammad Murtaza Hassan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - William Gwynne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tudor B Radu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mulu Geletu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Justyna M Gawel
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Aaron D Cabral
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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11
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Xiang XS, Li PC, Wang WQ, Liu L. Histone deacetylases: A novel class of therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188676. [PMID: 35016922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a low 5-year survival rate. Novel agents are urgently necessary to treat the main pathological type, known as pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). The dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been identified in association with PDAC, which can be more easily targeted by small molecular inhibitors than gene mutations and may represent a therapeutic breakthrough for PDAC. However, the contributions of HDACs to PDAC remain controversial, and pharmacokinetic challenges have limited the application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) in PDAC. This review summarizes the mechanisms associated with success and failure of HDACis in PDAC and discusses the recent progress made in HDACi development and application, such as combination therapies designed to enhance efficacy. More precise strategies involving HDACis might eventually improve the outcomes of PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of aminobenzamides containing purine moiety as class I histone deacetylases inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 56:116599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Adimulam T, Arumugam T, Foolchand A, Ghazi T, Chuturgoon AA. The Effect of Organoselenium Compounds on Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and Their Potential for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312952. [PMID: 34884764 PMCID: PMC8657714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic changes alter gene expression, contributing to cancer. Epigenetic changes in cancer arise from alterations in DNA and histone modifications that lead to tumour suppressor gene silencing and the activation of oncogenes. The acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins are determined by the histone deacetylases and histone acetyltransferases that control gene transcription. Organoselenium compounds have become promising contenders in cancer therapeutics. Apart from their anti-oxidative effects, several natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds and metabolites act as histone deacetylase inhibitors, which influence the acetylation status of histones and non-histone proteins, altering gene transcription. This review aims to summarise the effect of natural and synthetic organoselenium compounds on histone and non-histone protein acetylation/deacetylation in cancer therapy.
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14
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Fallah M, Davoodvandi A, Nikmanzar S, Aghili S, Mirazimi SMA, Aschner M, Rashidian A, Hamblin MR, Chamanara M, Naghsh N, Mirzaei H. Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112024. [PMID: 34399200 PMCID: PMC8458260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin contains a group of closely-related flavonolignan compounds including silibinin, and is extracted from Silybum marianum species, also called milk thistle. Silymarin has been shown to protect the liver in both experimental models and clinical studies. The chemopreventive activity of silymarin has shown some efficacy against cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Silymarin can modulate apoptosis in vitro and survival in vivo, by interfering with the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition to its anti-metastatic activity, silymarin has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The chemoprotective effects of silymarin and silibinin (its major constituent) suggest they could be applied to reduce the side effects and increase the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various cancer types, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. This review examines the recent studies and summarizes the mechanistic pathways and down-stream targets of silymarin in the therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Nikmanzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarehnaz Aghili
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10463, USA
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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15
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Trejo-Solis C, Escamilla-Ramirez A, Jimenez-Farfan D, Castillo-Rodriguez RA, Flores-Najera A, Cruz-Salgado A. Crosstalk of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in the Induction of Apoptosis on Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090871. [PMID: 34577571 PMCID: PMC8465904 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a major role in cell survival and proliferation, as well as in angiogenesis, migration, invasion, metastasis, and stem cell renewal in various cancer types. However, the modulation (either up- or downregulation) of this pathway can inhibit cell proliferation and apoptosis both through β-catenin-dependent and independent mechanisms, and by crosstalk with other signaling pathways in a wide range of malignant tumors. Existing studies have reported conflicting results, indicating that the Wnt signaling can have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing roles, depending on the cellular context. This review summarizes the available information on the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in apoptosis induction in cancer cells and presents a modified dual-signal model for the function of β-catenin. Understanding the proapoptotic mechanisms induced by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could open new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solis
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (A.C.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angel Escamilla-Ramirez
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (A.C.-S.)
| | - Dolores Jimenez-Farfan
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | | | - Athenea Flores-Najera
- Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Departamento de Cirugía General, Ciudad de Mexico 03229, Mexico;
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (A.E.-R.); (A.C.-S.)
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16
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Kaur J, Jakhmola S, Singh RR, Joshi B, Jha HC, Joshi A. Ultrasonic Atomizer-Driven Development of Biocompatible and Biodegradable Poly(d,l-lactide- co-glycolide) Nanocarrier-Encapsulated Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid to Combat Brain Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5627-5637. [PMID: 35006730 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The path to the discovery of anticancer drugs and investigating their potential activity has remained a quest for several decades. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), also known as "Vorinostat", is a well-known histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and has the potential to act as a therapeutic agent against tumorigenesis. Herein, we have fabricated SAHA incorporated into biocompatible and biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) using a facile method of ultrasonic atomization and evaluated their anticancer property. We have explored their characteristics using dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro drug release and have investigated their efficacy on U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cells. SAHA-PLGA NPs synthesized were of average mean size of 80 ± 23 and 105 ± 6.0 nm observed through cryo-field-emission gun SEM and HR-TEM with a polydispersity index of 0.068 and a ζ-potential value of -13.26 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 53%, with a sustained in vitro release up to 48 h. The in vitro assessment of SAHA-PLGA NPs for their anticancer activity on U87 GBM cells showed cellular cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 19.91 μM. SAHA-PLGA NP-treated cells also showed suppression in migration with 8.77 μM concentration, and cell growth inhibition was observed in the wound scratch assay for up to 24 h. The cellular uptake studies have been utilized by time-dependent experiments, revealing their cellular internalization. Taking this into account, our present experimental findings indicate that SAHA-PLGA NPs could play a significant role in enhancing the effectiveness and bioavailability and reducing adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy. It also highlights the inherent potential of these biocompatible entities for chemotherapeutic applications in biomedical and pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Jakhmola
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Raj Singh
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavana Joshi
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Khandwa Road, Indore, 453552 Madhya Pradesh, India
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17
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Toutah K, Nawar N, Timonen S, Sorger H, Raouf YS, Bukhari S, von Jan J, Ianevski A, Gawel JM, Olaoye OO, Geletu M, Abdeldayem A, Israelian J, Radu TB, Sedighi A, Bhatti MN, Hassan MM, Manaswiyoungkul P, Shouksmith AE, Neubauer HA, de Araujo ED, Aittokallio T, Krämer OH, Moriggl R, Mustjoki S, Herling M, Gunning PT. Development of HDAC Inhibitors Exhibiting Therapeutic Potential in T-Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8486-8509. [PMID: 34101461 PMCID: PMC8237267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic targeting has emerged as an efficacious therapy for hematological cancers. The rare and incurable T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is known for its aggressive clinical course. Current epigenetic agents such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are increasingly used for targeted therapy. Through a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, we developed an HDAC6 inhibitor KT-531, which exhibited higher potency in T-PLL compared to other hematological cancers. KT-531 displayed strong HDAC6 inhibitory potency and selectivity, on-target biological activity, and a safe therapeutic window in nontransformed cell lines. In primary T-PLL patient cells, where HDAC6 was found to be overexpressed, KT-531 exhibited strong biological responses, and safety in healthy donor samples. Notably, combination studies in T-PLL patient samples demonstrated KT-531 synergizes with approved cancer drugs, bendamustine, idasanutlin, and venetoclax. Our work suggests HDAC inhibition in T-PLL could afford sufficient therapeutic windows to achieve durable remission either as stand-alone or in combination with targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krimo Toutah
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Nabanita Nawar
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sanna Timonen
- Hematology
Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University
Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
- Translational
Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and
Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Sorger
- Institute
of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasir S. Raouf
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Shazreh Bukhari
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jana von Jan
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
(CIO ABCD), University of Cologne (UoC), 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence
Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases
(CECAD), UoC, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), UoC, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Ianevski
- Institute
for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justyna M. Gawel
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi O. Olaoye
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mulu Geletu
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tudor B. Radu
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Muzaffar N. Bhatti
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Muhammad Murtaza Hassan
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew E. Shouksmith
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute
of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Centre
for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto
Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga
Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute
for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department
of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre
for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University
of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Oliver H. Krämer
- Department
of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute
of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University
of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology
Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University
Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland
- Translational
Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and
Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine
Flagship, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco Herling
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf
(CIO ABCD), University of Cologne (UoC), 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence
Cluster for Cellular Stress Response and Aging-Associated Diseases
(CECAD), UoC, 50923 Cologne, Germany
- Center
for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), UoC, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University
of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Centre
for Medicinal Chemistry, University of Toronto
Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga
Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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18
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Sanaei M, Kavoosi F. Effect of vorinostat on INK4 family and HDACs 1, 2, and 3 in pancreatic cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:260-268. [PMID: 34221059 PMCID: PMC8216159 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.314824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: In mammalian cells, several distinct surveillance systems, named cell cycle checkpoints, can interrupt normal cell-cycle progression. The cyclin-dependent kinases are negatively regulated by proteins of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors comprising INK4 and Cip/Kip families. Histone deacetylation induced by histone deacetylases (HDACs) inactivates the INK4 and Cip/Kip families lead to cancer induction. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) have been indicated to be potent inducers of differentiation, growth arrest, and apoptotic induction. Vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA), as an HDACI, is reported to be useful in various cancers. Previously, we reported the effect of trichostatin A on hepatocellular carcinoma and also vorinostat on colon cancer cell lines. The current study was aimed to investigate the effect of vorinostat on p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, and class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 gene expression, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction in pancreatic cancer AsPC-1 and hepatocellular carcinoma LCL-PI 11 cell lines. Experimental approach: The AsPC-1 and LCL-PI 11 cell lines were cultured and treated with vorinostat. To determine, viability, apoptosis, and the relative expression level of p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 genes, MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay, and RT-qPCR were performed, respectively. Findings/Results: Vorinostat significantly inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis, increased p16INK4a, p14ARF, p15INK4b, and decreased class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 gene expression. Conclusion and implications: Vorinostat can reactivate the INK4 family through inhibition of class I HDACs 1, 2, and 3 genes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, I.R. Iran
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, I.R. Iran
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19
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Ultimate Precision: Targeting Cancer But Not Normal Self-Replication. Lung Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74028-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Ahmed AA, Neidle S. A G-Quadruplex-Binding Small Molecule and the HDAC Inhibitor SAHA (Vorinostat) Act Synergistically in Gemcitabine-Sensitive and Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225407. [PMID: 33227941 PMCID: PMC7699281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The stabilisation of G-quadruplexes (G4s) by small-molecule compounds is an effective approach for causing cell growth arrest, followed by cell death. Some of these compounds are currently being developed for the treatment of human cancers. We have previously developed a substituted naphthalene diimide G4-binding molecule (CM03) with selective potency for pancreatic cancer cells, including gemcitabine-resistant cells. We report here that CM03 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid) have synergistic effects at concentrations close to and below their individual GI50 values, in both gemcitabine-sensitive and resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines. Immunoblot analysis showed elevated levels of γ-H2AX and cleaved PARP proteins upon drug combination treatment, indicating increased levels of DNA damage (double-strand break events: DSBs) and apoptosis induction, respectively. We propose that the mechanism of synergy involves SAHA relaxing condensed chromatin, resulting in higher levels of G4 formation. In turn, CM03 can stabilise a greater number of G4s, leading to the downregulation of more G4-containing genes as well as a higher incidence of DSBs due to torsional strain on DNA and chromatin structure.
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21
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Xavier PLP, Müller S, Fukumasu H. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Canine Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:591843. [PMID: 33194754 PMCID: PMC7646326 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.591843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of data has highlighted the role of epigenetics in the development of cancer. Initiation and progression of different cancer types are associated with a variety of changes of epigenetic mechanisms, including aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA expression. At the same time, advances in the available epigenetic tools allow to investigate and reverse these epigenetic changes and form the basis for the development of anticancer drugs in human oncology. Although human and canine cancer shares several common features, only recently that studies emerged investigating the epigenetic landscape in canine cancer and applying epigenetic modulators to canine cancer. This review focuses on the existing studies involving epigenetic changes in different types of canine cancer and the use of small-molecule inhibitors in canine cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Luiz Porfirio Xavier
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heidge Fukumasu
- Laboratory of Comparative and Translational Oncology (LOCT), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
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22
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Mobasheri T, Rayzan E, Shabani M, Hosseini M, Mahmoodi Chalbatani G, Rezaei N. Neuroblastoma-targeted nanoparticles and novel nanotechnology-based treatment methods. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1751-1775. [PMID: 32735058 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a complicated pediatric tumor, originating from the neural crest, which is the most prevalent in adrenal glands, but may rarely be seen in some other tissues as well. Studies are focused on developing new strategies through novel chemo- and immuno-therapeutic drug targets. Different types of oncogenes such as MYCN, tumor suppressor genes such as p53, and some structural genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor are considered as targets for neuroblastoma therapy. The individual expression patterns in NB cells make them appropriate for this purpose. The combined effect of nano-drug delivery systems and specific drug targets will result in lower systemic side effects, prolonged therapeutic effects, and improvements in the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs. Some of these novel drug delivery systems with a focus on liposomes as carriers are also discussed. In this review, genes and protein products that are beneficial as drug targets in the treatment of neuroblastoma have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranom Mobasheri
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rayzan
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Shabani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mina Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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23
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Gawel JM, Shouksmith AE, Raouf YS, Nawar N, Toutah K, Bukhari S, Manaswiyoungkul P, Olaoye OO, Israelian J, Radu TB, Cabral AD, Sina D, Sedighi A, de Araujo ED, Gunning PT. PTG-0861: A novel HDAC6-selective inhibitor as a therapeutic strategy in acute myeloid leukaemia. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112411. [PMID: 32615502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) activity across multiple human pathologies have highlighted this family of epigenetic enzymes as critical druggable targets, amenable to small molecule intervention. While efficacious, current approaches using non-selective HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have been shown to cause a range of undesirable clinical toxicities. To circumvent this, recent efforts have focused on the design of highly selective HDACi as a novel therapeutic strategy. Beyond roles in regulating transcription, the unique HDAC6 (with two catalytic domains) regulates the deacetylation of α-tubulin; promoting growth factor-controlled cell motility, cell division, and metastatic hallmarks. Recent studies have linked aberrant HDAC6 function in various hematological cancers including acute myeloid leukaemia and multiple myeloma. Herein, we report the discovery, in vitro characterization, and biological evaluation of PTG-0861 (JG-265), a novel HDAC6-selective inhibitor with strong isozyme-selectivity (∼36× ) and low nanomolar potency (IC50 = 5.92 nM) against HDAC6. This selectivity profile was rationalized via in silico docking studies and also observed in cellulo through cellular target engagement. Moreover, PTG-0861 achieved relevant potency against several blood cancer cell lines (e.g. MV4-11, MM1S), whilst showing limited cytotoxicity against non-malignant cells (e.g. NHF, HUVEC) and CD-1 mice. In examining compound stability and cellular permeability, PTG-0861 revealed a promising in vitro pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Altogether, in this study we identified a novel and potent HDAC6-selective inhibitor (∼4× more selective than current clinical standards - citarinostat, ricolinostat), which achieves cellular target engagement, efficacy in hematological cancer cells with a promising safety profile and in vitro PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M Gawel
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Andrew E Shouksmith
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Yasir S Raouf
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nabanita Nawar
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Krimo Toutah
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Shazreh Bukhari
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi O Olaoye
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Johan Israelian
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tudor B Radu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Aaron D Cabral
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Diana Sina
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359, Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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24
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Shouksmith AE, Gawel JM, Nawar N, Sina D, Raouf YS, Bukhari S, He L, Johns AE, Manaswiyoungkul P, Olaoye OO, Cabral AD, Sedighi A, de Araujo ED, Gunning PT. Class I/IIb-Selective HDAC Inhibitor Exhibits Oral Bioavailability and Therapeutic Efficacy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:56-64. [PMID: 31938464 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The HDAC inhibitor 4-tert-butyl-N-(4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)phenyl)benzamide (AES-350, 51) was identified as a promising preclinical candidate for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive malignancy with a meagre 24% 5-year survival rate. Through screening of low-molecular-weight analogues derived from the previously discovered novel HDAC inhibitor, AES-135, compound 51 demonstrated greater HDAC isoform selectivity, higher cytotoxicity in MV4-11 cells, an improved therapeutic window, and more efficient absorption through cellular and lipid membranes. Compound 51 also demonstrated improved oral bioavailability compared to SAHA in mouse models. A broad spectrum of experiments, including FACS, ELISA, and Western blotting, were performed to support our hypothesis that 51 dose-dependently triggers apoptosis in AML cells through HDAC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Shouksmith
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Justyna M. Gawel
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Nabanita Nawar
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Diana Sina
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Yasir S. Raouf
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Shazreh Bukhari
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Liying He
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Alexandra E. Johns
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Olasunkanmi O. Olaoye
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Aaron D. Cabral
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Elvin D. de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Patrick T. Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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25
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Epigenetic mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 173:113698. [PMID: 31706847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematological disorder caused by the oncogenic BCR-ABL fusion protein in more than 90% of patients. Despite the striking improvements in the management of CML patients since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKis), the appearance of TKi resistance and side effects lead to treatment failure, justifying the need of novel therapeutic approaches. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis), able to modulate gene expression patterns and important cellular signaling pathways through the regulation of the acetylation status of both histone and non-histone protein targets, have been reported to display promising anti-leukemic properties alone or in combination with TKis. This review summarizes pre-clinical and clinical studies that investigated the mechanisms underlying the anticancer potential of HDACis and discusses the rationale for a combination of HDACis with TKis as a therapeutic option in CML.
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26
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Najem SA, Khawaja G, Hodroj MH, Rizk S. Synergistic Effect of Epigenetic Inhibitors Decitabine and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid on Colorectal Cancer In vitro. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 12:281-300. [DOI: 10.2174/1874467212666190313154531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background:Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a common cause of oncological deaths worldwide. Alterations of the epigenetic landscape constitute a well-documented hallmark of CRC phenotype. The accumulation of aberrant DNA methylation and histone acetylation plays a major role in altering gene activity and driving tumor onset, progression and metastasis.Objective:In this study, we evaluated the effect of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA), a panhistone deacetylase inhibitor, and Decitabine (DAC), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, either alone or in combination, on Caco-2 human colon cancer cell line in vitro.Results:Our results showed that SAHA and DAC, separately, significantly decreased cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of Caco-2 cell line. On the other hand, the sequential treatment of Caco-2 cells, first with DAC and then with SAHA, induced a synergistic anti-tumor effect with a significant enhancement of growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in Caco-2 cell line as compared to cells treated with either drug alone. Furthermore, the combination therapy upregulates protein expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, p53 and cytochrome c, downregulates the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and increases the cleavage of procaspases 8 and 9; this suggests that the combination activates apoptosis via both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the synergistic anti-neoplastic activity of combined SAHA and DAC involves an effect on PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling.Conclusion:In conclusion, our results provide evidence for the profound anti-tumorigenic effect of sequentially combined SAHA and DAC in the CRC cell line and offer new insights into the corresponding underlined molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Abou Najem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghada Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Hassan Hodroj
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sandra Rizk
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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27
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Epigenetic Regulation of p21 cip1/waf1 in Human Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091343. [PMID: 31514410 PMCID: PMC6769618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
p21cip1/waf1 is a central regulator of cell cycle control and survival. While mutations are rare, it is commonly dysregulated in several human cancers due to epigenetic mechanisms influencing its transcriptional control. These mechanisms include promoter hypermethylation as well as additional pathways such as histone acetylation or methylation. The epigenetic regulators include writers, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs); histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone lysine methyltransferases; erasers, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs); histone lysine demethylases [e.g., the Lysine Demethylase (KDM) family]; DNA hydroxylases; readers, such as the methyl-CpG-binding proteins (MBPs); and bromodomain-containing proteins, including the bromo- and extraterminal domain (BET) family. We further discuss the roles that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play in the epigenetic control of p21cip1/waf1 expression and its function in human cancers.
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28
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Anti-tumor effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat on canine urothelial carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218382. [PMID: 31206526 PMCID: PMC6576781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine urothelial carcinoma (cUC) is the most common tumor of the lower urinary tract in dogs. Although chemotherapy and radical surgery have improved the overall survival, most dogs with cUC succumb to metastasis or recurrence. Therefore, the development of an effective systematic therapy is warranted. In this study, a comprehensive drug screening test using a cUC cell line was performed and the anti-tumor effect of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor was evaluated. Comprehensive drug screening was performed on cUC cells. Based on this screening, the anti-proliferation effect of vorinostat, an HDAC inhibitor clinically applied in humans, was evaluated using several cUC cell lines in sulforhodamine B and flow cytometry assays. Western blot analysis was also performed to evaluate the degree of acetylation of histone H3 as well as the expression and phosphorylation of cell cycle-related molecules. The anti-tumor effect of vorinostat in vivo was evaluated using a xenograft model. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed on acetyl-histone H3 in cUC and the relationship between the degree of acetylation and prognosis was examined using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Drug screening revealed that HDAC inhibitors consistently inhibited the growth of cUC cells. Vorinostat inhibited the growth of 6 cUC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Western blot analysis showed that vorinostat mediated the acetylation of histone H3, the dephosphorylation of p-Rb, and the upregulation of p21 upon exposure to vorinostat. Furthermore, inhibition of tumor growth was observed in the xenograft model. In clinical cUC cases, neoplastic urothelium showed significant deacetylation of histones compared to the normal control, where lower histone acetylation levels were associated with a poor prognosis. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential of vorinostat was demonstrated in cUC. Histone deacetylation may be related to cUC tumor progression.
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29
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Shouksmith AE, Shah F, Grimard ML, Gawel JM, Raouf YS, Geletu M, Berger-Becvar A, de Araujo ED, Luchman HA, Heaton WL, Bakhshinyan D, Adile AA, Venugopal C, O'Hare T, Deininger MW, Singh SK, Konieczny SF, Weiss S, Fishel ML, Gunning PT. Identification and Characterization of AES-135, a Hydroxamic Acid-Based HDAC Inhibitor That Prolongs Survival in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2651-2665. [PMID: 30776234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive, incurable cancer with a 20% 1 year survival rate. While standard-of-care therapy can prolong life in a small fraction of cases, PDAC is inherently resistant to current treatments, and novel therapies are urgently required. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are effective in killing pancreatic cancer cells in in vitro PDAC studies, and although there are a few clinical studies investigating combination therapy including HDAC inhibitors, no HDAC drug or combination therapy with an HDAC drug has been approved for the treatment of PDAC. We developed an inhibitor of HDACs, AES-135, that exhibits nanomolar inhibitory activity against HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC11 in biochemical assays. In a three-dimensional coculture model, AES-135 kills low-passage patient-derived tumor spheroids selectively over surrounding cancer-associated fibroblasts and has excellent pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. In an orthotopic murine model of pancreatic cancer, AES-135 prolongs survival significantly, therefore representing a candidate for further preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Shouksmith
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| | | | | | - Justyna M Gawel
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| | - Yasir S Raouf
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| | - Mulu Geletu
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| | - Angelika Berger-Becvar
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
| | - H Artee Luchman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | - William L Heaton
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - David Bakhshinyan
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Ashley A Adile
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Thomas O'Hare
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Michael W Deininger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Sheila K Singh
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute , McMaster University , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4L8 , Canada
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta T2N 1N4 , Canada
| | | | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences , University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road , Mississauga , Ontario L5L 1C6 , Canada
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30
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Chang CH, Bijian K, Wernic D, Su J, da Silva SD, Yu H, Qiu D, Asslan M, Alaoui-Jamali MA. A novel orally available seleno-purine molecule suppresses triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation and progression to metastasis by inducing cytostatic autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 15:1376-1390. [PMID: 30773992 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1582951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often have a poor prognosis largely due to lack of effective targeted therapy. Using a library of seleno-purines coupled to a high-throughput biochemical enzymatic assays we identified a potent pharmacological enhancer of autophagy (referred herein as SLLN-15) that selectively activated cytostatic macroautophagy/autophagy in TNBC preclinical models. SLLN-15 induced a dose-dependent anti-proliferative activity in the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 via induction of autophagy and autophagic flux. This induction was associated with a selective inhibition of AKT-MTOR signaling. Conversely, rapamycin, a known autophagy inducer and MTOR inhibitor, was unable to duplicate SLLN-15's effect on TNBC cells. Inhibition of autophagy by siRNA-mediated targeting of the autophagy regulators, BECN1, ATG5 and ATG7 or using 3-methyladenine (3-MA), significantly protected against SLLN-15-induced inhibition of cell viability, further supporting that SLLN-15-induced inhibition of cancer cell proliferation was autophagy-dependent. SLLN-15-induced autophagy in TNBC cells was also associated with decreased AURKA expression, decreased AKT phosphorylation and subsequent blockage of the AKT-MTOR pathway. In vivo, oral SLLN-15 revealed a potent anticancer and anti-metastatic activity in mice bearing TNBC. Altogether, this study describes a novel regulator of mammalian autophagy, with potential utility as an experimental therapeutic for TNBCs. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; AURKA: aurora kinase A; AURKB: aurora kinase B; BECN1: beclin 1; CQ: chloroquine; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; ERBB2: erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; PI: propidium iodide; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TNBC: triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- a Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Krikor Bijian
- a Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Dominik Wernic
- a Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Jie Su
- a Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Sabrina Daniela da Silva
- a Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Henry Yu
- a Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Dinghong Qiu
- a Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Mariana Asslan
- a Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Moulay A Alaoui-Jamali
- a Segal Cancer Centre and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Departments of Medicine and Oncology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
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Interplay between Epigenetics, Expression of Estrogen Receptor- α, HER2/ERBB2 and Sensitivity of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Hormonal Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010013. [PMID: 30583472 PMCID: PMC6356506 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are resistant to hormonal/targeted therapies. This study aims to investigate epigenetic differences between TNBC and other types of breast cancer and the effect of epigenetic modulation on the response of TNBC cells to hormonal therapy. Thus, we investigated (i) the expression of different epigenetic markers, (ii) the effect of epigenetic modifying agents on the expression of ERα and HER2/ERBB2 and (iii) the effect on the response to tamoxifen in four breast cancer cell lines with different hormonal receptor status. Our results revealed a differential expression patterns of epigenetic markers in the four breast cancer cells. In TNBC cells, histone deacetylases (HDAC) 1 and 2 were less expressed, whereas HDACs 4 and 6 were overexpressed. Interestingly, treatment with epigenetic modifiers resulted in (i) a pronounced increase in the expression of ERα and HER2/ERBB2 along with (ii) an increase in the sensitivity of TNBC cells to tamoxifen. Collectively, this study indicates a different epigenetic background for TNBC cells, which represses the expression of ERα and HER2/ERBB2. Furthermore, we provide here the rationale for the use of epigenetic modifiers to enhance the response of TNBC to hormonal therapy through upregulation of ERα.
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Chien W, Sudo M, Ding LW, Sun QY, Wuensche P, Lee KL, Hattori N, Garg M, Xu L, Zheng Y, Gery S, Wongphayak S, Yang H, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Mori S, Koeffler HP. Functional Genome-wide Screening Identifies Targets and Pathways Sensitizing Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Dasatinib. J Cancer 2018; 9:4762-4773. [PMID: 30588262 PMCID: PMC6299388 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is an unbiased genomic screen to obtain functional targets for increased effectiveness of dasatinib in pancreatic cancer. Dasatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used in clinical trials for treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance often occurs. We used a dasatinib-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line SU8686 to screen for synthetic lethality that synergizes with dasatinib using a pooled human shRNA library followed by next generation sequencing. Novel genes were identified which when silenced produced a prominent inhibitory effect with dasatinib against the pancreatic cancer cells. Several of these genes are involved in the regulation of epigenetics, as well as signaling pathways of the FOXO and hedgehog families. Small molecule inhibitors of either histone deacetylases or nuclear exporter had marked inhibitory effect with dasatinib in pancreatic cancers, suggesting their potential therapeutic effectiveness in this deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chien
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Sudo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao-Yang Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peer Wuensche
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norimichi Hattori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sigal Gery
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarawut Wongphayak
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Seiichi Mori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
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33
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Velcheti V, Schrump D, Saunthararajah Y. Ultimate Precision: Targeting Cancer but Not Normal Self-replication. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:950-963. [PMID: 30231326 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_199753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-replication is the engine that drives all biologic evolution, including neoplastic evolution. A key oncotherapy challenge is to target this, the heart of malignancy, while sparing the normal self-replication mandatory for health and life. Self-replication can be demystified: it is activation of replication, the most ancient of cell programs, uncoupled from activation of lineage-differentiation, metazoan programs more recent in origin. The uncoupling can be physiologic, as in normal tissue stem cells, or pathologic, as in cancer. Neoplastic evolution selects to disengage replication from forward-differentiation where intrinsic replication rates are the highest, in committed progenitors that have division times measured in hours versus weeks for tissue stem cells, via partial loss of function in master transcription factors that activate terminal-differentiation programs (e.g., GATA4) or in the coactivators they use for this purpose (e.g., ARID1A). These loss-of-function mutations bias master transcription factor circuits, which normally regulate corepressor versus coactivator recruitment, toward corepressors (e.g., DNMT1) that repress rather than activate terminal-differentiation genes. Pharmacologic inhibition of the corepressors rebalances to coactivator function, activating lineage-differentiation genes that dominantly antagonize MYC (the master transcription factor coordinator of replication) to terminate malignant self-replication. Physiologic self-replication continues, because the master transcription factors in tissue stem cells activate stem cell, not terminal-differentiation, programs. Druggable corepressor proteins are thus the barriers between self-replicating cancer cells and the terminal-differentiation fates intended by their master transcription factor content. This final common pathway to oncogenic self-replication, being separate and distinct from the normal, offers the favorable therapeutic indices needed for clinical progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsidhar Velcheti
- From the Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - David Schrump
- From the Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- From the Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Enane FO, Saunthararajah Y, Korc M. Differentiation therapy and the mechanisms that terminate cancer cell proliferation without harming normal cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:912. [PMID: 30190481 PMCID: PMC6127320 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs have a common intent to activate apoptosis in tumor cells. However, master regulators of apoptosis (e.g., p53, p16/CDKN2A) are frequently genetically inactivated in cancers, resulting in multidrug resistance. An alternative, p53-independent method for terminating malignant proliferation is to engage terminal-differentiation. Normally, the exponential proliferation of lineage-committed progenitors, coordinated by the master transcription factor (TF) MYC, is self-limited by forward-differentiation to terminal lineage-fates. In cancers, however, this exponential proliferation is disengaged from terminal-differentiation. The mechanisms underlying this decoupling are mostly unknown. We performed a systematic review of published literature (January 2007-June 2018) to identify gene pathways linked to differentiation-failure in three treatment-recalcitrant cancers: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ovarian cancer (OVC), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We analyzed key gene alterations in various apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation pathways to determine whether it is possible to predict treatment outcomes and suggest novel therapies. Poorly differentiated tumors were linked to poorer survival across histologies. Our analyses suggested loss-of-function events to master TF drivers of lineage-fates and their cofactors as being linked to differentiation-failure: genomic data in TCGA and ICGC databases demonstrated frequent haploinsufficiency of lineage master TFs (e.g., GATA4/6) in poorly differentiated tumors; the coactivators that these TFs use to activate genes (e.g. ARID1A, PBRM1) were also frequently inactivated by genetic mutation and/or deletion. By contrast, corepressor components (e.g., DNMT1, EED, UHRF1, and BAZ1A/B), that oppose coactivators to repress or turn off genes, were frequently amplified instead, and the level of amplification was highest in poorly differentiated lesions. This selection by neoplastic evolution towards unbalanced activity of transcriptional corepressors suggests these enzymes as candidate targets for inhibition aiming to re-engage forward-differentiation. This notion is supported by both pre-clinical and clinical trial literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Enane
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Murray Korc
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- The Pancreatic Cancer Signature Center at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis and Indiana University Simon Cancer, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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35
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Zhang SL, Li C, Liu DL, Tan YY. Role of HDAC6 in primary digestive system malignancies. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:827-833. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i14.827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become the second leading cause of death around the world following cardiovascular disease. The morbidity and mortality of digestive system malignancies rank among the top in malignant tumors. Cancer occurrence and development are a multi-factor and multi-stage process. Acetylation and deacetylation play an important role in the development of cancer. Deacetylation of proteins is regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). A total of 18 human HDACs have been discovered, among which HDAC6 is the most widely studied. It has been demonstrated that HDAC6 is highly expressed in a variety of tumor tissues and associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of these tumors. What's more, HDAC6 selective inhibitors can inhibit the growth of many cancer cells. In the present review, we summarize the role of HDAC6 in primary digestive system malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hu'nan Province, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hu'nan Province, China
| | - De-Liang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hu'nan Province, China
| | - Yu-Yong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hu'nan Province, China
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36
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Scully KM, Lahmy R, Signaevskaia L, Sasik R, Medal R, Kim H, French R, James B, Wu Y, Lowy AM, Itkin-Ansari P. E47 Governs the MYC-CDKN1B/p27 KIP1-RB Network to Growth Arrest PDA Cells Independent of CDKN2A/p16 INK4A and Wild-Type p53. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:181-198. [PMID: 30003124 PMCID: PMC6039985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Oncogenic mutations in KRAS, coupled with inactivation of p53, CDKN2A/p16INK4A, and SMAD4, drive progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Overexpression of MYC and deregulation of retinoblastoma (RB) further promote cell proliferation and make identifying a means to therapeutically alter cell-cycle control pathways in PDA a significant challenge. We previously showed that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor E47 induced stable growth arrest in PDA cells in vitro and in vivo. Here, we identified molecular mechanisms that underlie E47-induced growth arrest in low-passage, patient-derived primary and established PDA cell lines. METHODS RNA sequencing was used to profile E47-dependent transcriptomes in 5 PDA cell lines. Gene Ontology analysis identified cell-cycle control as the most altered pathway. Small interfering RNA/short hairpin RNA knockdown, small-molecule inhibitors, and viral expression were used to examine the function of E47-dependent genes in cell-cycle arrest. Cell morphology, expression of molecular markers, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity assays identified cellular senescence. RESULTS E47 uniformly inhibited PDA cell-cycle progression by decreasing expression of MYC, increasing the level of CDKN1B/p27KIP1, and restoring RB tumor-suppressor function. The molecular mechanisms by which E47 elicited these changes included altering both RNA transcript levels and protein stability of MYC and CDKN1B/p27KIP1. At the cellular level, E47 elicited a senescence-like phenotype characterized by increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and altered expression of senescence markers. CONCLUSIONS E47 governs a highly conserved network of cell-cycle control genes, including MYC, CDKN1B/p27KIP1, and RB, which can induce a senescence-like program in PDA cells that lack CDKN2A/p16INK4A and wild-type p53. RNA sequencing data are available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information GEO at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/; accession number: GSE100327.
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Key Words
- CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase
- CDKN1B/p27KIP1, CDKN1B/p27Kinase Inhibitory Protein 1
- CDKN2A/p16INK4A, CDKN2A/p16Inhibitor of CDK 4A
- CEBP-α, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha
- CENP-A, centromere protein A
- CIP, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1
- Cell Cycle
- DDR, DNA damage response
- ERK, extracellular signal–regulated kinase
- GO, Gene Ontology
- INK, Inhibitor of CDK
- KIP, Kinase Inhibitory Protein
- MSCV, murine stem cell virus
- OIS, oncogene-induced senescence
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDA, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
- Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
- RB, retinoblastoma
- RNA-seq, RNA sequencing
- SA-βgal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase
- SKP, S-phase Kinase-associated
- Senescence
- bHLH
- bHLH, basic helix-loop-helix
- lfdr, local false discovery rate
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- shRB, short hairpin RNA directed against RB
- shRNA, short hairpin RNA
- si-p27, small interfering RNA directed against p27
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Scully
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Reyhaneh Lahmy
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Lia Signaevskaia
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rachel Medal
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Heejung Kim
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Randall French
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Brian James
- Genomics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Yifan Wu
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrew M. Lowy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pamela Itkin-Ansari
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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37
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Kawaguchi K, Igarashi K, Murakami T, Kiyuna T, Lwin TM, Hwang HK, Delong JC, Clary BM, Bouvet M, Unno M, Hoffman RM. MEK inhibitors cobimetinib and trametinib, regressed a gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic-cancer patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX). Oncotarget 2018; 8:47490-47496. [PMID: 28537897 PMCID: PMC5564580 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), obtained from a patient, was grown orthotopically in the pancreatic tail of nude mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic (PDOX) model. Seven weeks after implantation, PDOX nude mice were divided into the following groups: untreated control (n = 7); gemcitabine (100 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); cobimetinib (5 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); trametinib (0.3 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); trabectedin (0.15 mg/kg, i.v., once a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); temozolomide (25 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); carfilzomib (2 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); bortezomib (1 mg/kg, i.v., twice a week for 2 weeks, n = 7); MK-1775 (20 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); BEZ-235 (45 mg/kg, p.o., 14 consecutive days, n = 7); vorinostat (50 mg/kg, i.p., 14 consecutive days, n = 7). Only the MEK inhibitors, cobimetinib and trametinib, regressed tumor growth, and they were more significantly effective than other therapies (p < 0.0001, respectively), thereby demonstrating the precision of the PDOX models of PDAC and its potential for individualizing pancreatic-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kawaguchi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Takashi Murakami
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tasuku Kiyuna
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thinzar M Lwin
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ho Kyoung Hwang
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Bryan M Clary
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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Should We Keep Walking along the Trail for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment? Revisiting TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand for Anticancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030077. [PMID: 29562636 PMCID: PMC5876652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in oncology, diagnosis, and therapy, treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still exceedingly challenging. PDAC remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Poor prognosis is due to the aggressive growth behavior with early invasion and distant metastasis, chemoresistance, and a current lack of adequate screening methods for early detection. Consequently, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Many hopes for cancer treatment have been placed in the death ligand tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) since it was reported to induce apoptosis selectively in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. TRAIL triggers apoptosis through binding of the trans-membrane death receptors TRAIL receptor 1 (TRAIL-R1) also death receptor 4 (DR4) and TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAIL-R2) also death receptor 5 (DR5) thereby inducing the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) and activation of the apoptotic cascade. Unlike chemotherapeutics, TRAIL was shown to be able to induce apoptosis in a p53-independent manner, making TRAIL a promising anticancer approach for p53-mutated tumors. These cancer-selective traits of TRAIL led to the development of TRAIL-R agonists, categorized into either recombinant variants of TRAIL or agonistic antibodies against TRAIL-R1 or TRAIL-R2. However, clinical trials making use of these agonists in various tumor entities including pancreatic cancer were disappointing so far. This is thought to be caused by TRAIL resistance of numerous primary tumor cells, an insufficient agonistic activity of the drug candidates tested, and a lack of suitable biomarkers for patient stratification. Nevertheless, recently gained knowledge on the biology of the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system might now provide the chance to overcome intrinsic or acquired resistance against TRAIL and TRAIL-R agonists. In this review, we summarize the status quo of clinical studies involving TRAIL-R agonists for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and critically discuss the suitability of utilizing the TRAIL-TRAIL-R system for successful treatment.
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39
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Yang XF, Zhao ZJ, Liu JJ, Yang XH, Gao Y, Zhao S, Shi S, Huang KQ, Zheng HC. SAHA and/or MG132 reverse the aggressive phenotypes of glioma cells: An in vitro and vivo study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3156-3169. [PMID: 27911270 PMCID: PMC5356872 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of SAHA (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) and MG132 (a proteasome inhibitor) on the aggressive phenotypes of glioma cells, we treated U87 and U251 cells with SAHA or/and MG132, and detected phenotypes’ assays with phenotype-related molecules examined. It was found that SAHA or/and MG132 treatment suppressed proliferation in both concentration- and time-dependent manners, inhibited energy metabolism, migration, invasion and lamellipodia formation, and induced G2 arrest and apoptosis in the glioma cells. The treatment with SAHA increased the expression of acetyl-histones 3 and 4, which were recruited to the promoters of p21, p27, Cyclin D1, c-myc and Nanog to down-regulate their transcriptional levels. Expression of acetyl-histones 3 and 4 was higher in gliomas than normal brain tissues. Both drugs’ exposure suppressed tumor growth in nude mice by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation, but increased serum aminotransferase and creatinine. These results indicated that SAHA and/or MG132 may suppress the aggressive phenotypes of glioma cells. They might be employed to treat the glioma if both hepatic and renal injuries are prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Zhi-Juan Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Jia-Jie Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Ke-Qiang Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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Lu H, Yang XF, Tian XQ, Tang SL, Li LQ, Zhao S, Zheng HC. The in vitro and vivo anti-tumor effects and molecular mechanisms of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and MG132 on the aggressive phenotypes of gastric cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56508-56525. [PMID: 27447743 PMCID: PMC5302865 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we found that both SAHA and MG132 synergistically inhibited proliferation, glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidization, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MGC-803 and MKN28 cells. SAHA increased cell migration and invasionat a low concentration. SAHA induced the overexpression of acetyl histone 3 and 4, which were recruited to p21, p27, Cyclin D1, c-myc and nanog promoters to transcriptionally up-regulate the former two and down-regulate the latter three. The expression of acetyl-histone 3 and 4 was increased during gastric carcinogenesis and positively correlated with cancer differentiation. SAHA and MG132 exposure suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis in nude mice, increased serum ALT and AST levels and decreased hemaglobin level, white blood cell and neutrophil numbers. These data indicated that SAHA and MG132 in vivo and vitro synergistically induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, suppressed proliferation, growth, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, they might potentially be employed as chemotherapeutic agents if the hepatic injury and the killing effects of peripheral blood cells are avoided or ameliorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lu
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yang
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tian
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Shou-Long Tang
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Lian-Qian Li
- Department of Surgery, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Cancer Center, The Key Laboratory of Brain and Spinal Cord Injury of Liaoning Province, and Laboratory Animal Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Induced Radiation Sensitization Effects on Human Cancer Cells after Photon and Hadron Radiation Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020496. [PMID: 29414878 PMCID: PMC5855718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor, which has been widely utilized throughout the cancer research field. SAHA-induced radiosensitization in normal human fibroblasts AG1522 and lung carcinoma cells A549 were evaluated with a combination of γ-rays, proton, and carbon ion exposure. Growth delay was observed in both cell lines during SAHA treatment; 2 μM SAHA treatment decreased clonogenicity and induced cell cycle block in G1 phase but 0.2 μM SAHA treatment did not show either of them. Low LET (Linear Energy Transfer) irradiated A549 cells showed radiosensitization effects on cell killing in cycling and G1 phase with 0.2 or 2 μM SAHA pretreatment. In contrast, minimal sensitization was observed in normal human cells after low and high LET radiation exposure. The potentially lethal damage repair was not affected by SAHA treatment. SAHA treatment reduced the rate of γ-H2AX foci disappearance and suppressed RAD51 and RPA (Replication Protein A) focus formation. Suppression of DNA double strand break repair by SAHA did not result in the differences of SAHA-induced radiosensitization between human cancer cells and normal cells. In conclusion, our results suggest SAHA treatment will sensitize cancer cells to low and high LET radiation with minimum effects to normal cells.
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Velcheti V, Radivoyevitch T, Saunthararajah Y. Higher-Level Pathway Objectives of Epigenetic Therapy: A Solution to the p53 Problem in Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:812-824. [PMID: 28561650 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_174175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Searches for effective yet nontoxic oncotherapies are searches for exploitable differences between cancer and normal cells. In its core of cell division, cancer resembles normal life, coordinated by the master transcription factor MYC. Outside of this core, apoptosis and differentiation programs, which dominantly antagonize MYC to terminate cell division, necessarily differ between cancer and normal cells, as apoptosis is suppressed by biallelic inactivation of the master regulator of apoptosis, p53, or its cofactor p16/CDKN2A in approximately 80% of cancers. These genetic alterations impact therapy: conventional oncotherapy applies stress upstream of p53 to upregulate it and causes apoptosis (cytotoxicity)-a toxic, futile intent when it is absent or nonfunctional. Differentiation, on the other hand, cannot be completely suppressed because it is a continuum along which all cells exist. Neoplastic evolution stalls advances along this continuum at its most proliferative points-in lineage-committed progenitors that have division times measured in hours compared with weeks for tissue stem cells. This differentiation arrest is by mutations/deletions in differentiation-driving transcription factors or their coactivators that shift balances of gene-regulating protein complexes toward corepressors that repress instead of activate hundreds of terminal differentiation genes. That is, malignant proliferation without differentiation, also referred to as cancer "stem" cell self-renewal, hinges on druggable corepressors. Inhibiting these corepressors (e.g., DNMT1) releases p53-independent terminal differentiation in cancer stem cells but preserves self-renewal of normal stem cells that express stem cell transcription factors. Thus, epigenetic-differentiation therapies exploit a fundamental distinction between cancer and normal stem cell self-renewal and have a pathway of action downstream of genetic defects in cancer, affording favorable therapeutic indices needed for clinical progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsidhar Velcheti
- From the Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- From the Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- From the Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Lernoux M, Schnekenburger M, Dicato M, Diederich M. Anti-cancer effects of naturally derived compounds targeting histone deacetylase 6-related pathways. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:337-356. [PMID: 29133216 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the epigenetic machinery, affecting multiple biological functions, represent a major hallmark enabling the development of tumors. Among epigenetic regulatory proteins, histone deacetylase (HDAC)6 has emerged as an interesting potential therapeutic target towards a variety of diseases including cancer. Accordingly, this isoenzyme regulates many vital cellular regulatory processes and pathways essential to physiological homeostasis, as well as tumor multistep transformation involving initiation, promotion, progression and metastasis. In this review, we will consequently discuss the critical implications of HDAC6 in distinct mechanisms relevant to physiological and cancerous conditions, as well as the anticancer properties of synthetic, natural and natural-derived compounds through the modulation of HDAC6-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Lernoux
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9, Edward Steichen Street, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9, Edward Steichen Street, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer, Kirchberg Hospital, 9, Edward Steichen Street, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, South Korea.
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A multicenter, randomized study of decitabine as epigenetic priming with induction chemotherapy in children with AML. Clin Epigenetics 2017; 9:108. [PMID: 29034009 PMCID: PMC5629751 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-017-0411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decitabine is a deoxycytidine nucleoside derivative inhibitor of DNA-methyltransferases, which has been studied extensively and is approved for myelodysplastic syndrome in adults but with less focus in children. Accordingly, we conducted a phase 1 multicenter, randomized, open-label study to evaluate decitabine pre-treatment before standard induction therapy in children with newly diagnosed AML to assess safety and tolerability and explore a number of biologic endpoints. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were fully assessable for all study objectives per protocol (10 in Arm A = epigenetic priming induction, 14 in Arm B = standard induction). All patients experienced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The most common grade 3 and 4 non-hematologic adverse events observed were gastrointestinal toxicities and hypophosphatemia. Plasma decitabine PK were similar to previously reported adult data. Overall CR/CRi was similar for the two arms. MRD negativity at end-induction was 85% in Arm A versus 67% in Arm B patients. DNA methylation measured in peripheral blood over the course of treatment tracked with blast clearance and matched marrow aspirates at day 0 and day 21. Unlike end-induction marrow analyses, promoter methylation in blood identified an apparent reversal of response in the lone treatment failure, 1 week prior to the patient's marrow aspirate confirming non-response. Decitabine-induced effects on end-induction (day 35-43 following initiation of treatment) marrows in Arm A were reflected by changes in DNA methylation in matched paired marrow diagnostic aspirates. CONCLUSIONS This first-in-pediatrics trial demonstrates that decitabine prior to standard combination chemotherapy is feasible and well tolerated in children with newly diagnosed AML. Pre-treatment with decitabine may represent a newer therapeutic option for pediatric AML, especially as it appears to induce important epigenetic alterations. The novel biological correlates studied in this trial offer a clinically relevant window into disease progression and remission. Additional studies are needed to definitively assess whether decitabine can enhance durability responses in children with AML. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01177540.
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Ruess DA, Görgülü K, Wörmann SM, Algül H. Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Current and Emerging Concepts. Drugs Aging 2017; 34:331-357. [PMID: 28349415 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-017-0453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating malignancy, which is the result of late diagnosis, aggressive disease, and a lack of effective treatment options. Thus, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. This review summarizes recent developments of oncological therapy in the palliative setting of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. It further compiles novel targets and therapeutic approaches as well as promising treatment combinations, which are presently in preclinical evaluation, covering several aspects of the hallmarks of cancer. Finally, challenges to the implementation of an individualized therapy approach in the context of precision medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich A Ruess
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Kivanc Görgülü
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja M Wörmann
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Varbanov HP, Kuttler F, Banfi D, Turcatti G, Dyson PJ. Repositioning approved drugs for the treatment of problematic cancers using a screening approach. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171052. [PMID: 28166232 PMCID: PMC5293254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in treatment strategies together with an earlier diagnosis have considerably increased the average survival of cancer patients over the last four decades. Nevertheless, despite the growing number of new antineoplastic agents introduced each year, there is still no adequate therapy for problematic malignancies such as pancreatic, lung and stomach cancers. Consequently, it is important to ensure that existing drugs used to treat other types of cancers, and potentially other diseases, are not overlooked when searching for new chemotherapy regimens for these problematic cancer types. We describe a screening approach that identifies chemotherapeutics for the treatment of lung and pancreatic cancers, based on drugs already approved for other applications. Initially, the 1280 chemically and pharmacologically diverse compounds from the Prestwick Chemical Library® (PCL) were screened against A549 (lung cancer) and PANC-1 (pancreatic carcinoma) cells using the PrestoBlue fluorescent-based cell viability assay. More than 100 compounds from the PCL were identified as hits in one or both cell lines (80 of them, being drugs used to treat diseases other than cancer). Selected PCL hits were further evaluated in a dose-response manner. Promising candidates for repositioning emanating from this study include antiparasitics, cardiac glycosides, as well as the anticancer drugs vorinostat and topotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristo P. Varbanov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (HPV); (PJD)
| | - Fabien Kuttler
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damiano Banfi
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerardo Turcatti
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (HPV); (PJD)
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Hessmann E, Johnsen SA, Siveke JT, Ellenrieder V. Epigenetic treatment of pancreatic cancer: is there a therapeutic perspective on the horizon? Gut 2017; 66:168-179. [PMID: 27811314 PMCID: PMC5256386 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate of <7%. Due to growing incidence, late diagnosis and insufficient treatment options, PDAC is predicted to soon become one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Although intensified cytostatic combinations, particularly gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel and the folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) protocol, provide some improvement in efficacy and survival compared with gemcitabine alone, a breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer remains out of sight. Nevertheless, recent translational research activities propose that either modulation of the immune response or pharmacological targeting of epigenetic modifications alone, or in combination with chemotherapy, might open highly powerful therapeutic avenues in GI cancer entities, including pancreatic cancer. Deregulation of key epigenetic factors and chromatin-modifying proteins, particularly those responsible for the addition, removal or recognition of post-translational histone modifications, are frequently found in human pancreatic cancer and hence constitute particularly exciting treatment opportunities. This review summarises both current clinical trial activities and discovery programmes initiated throughout the biopharma landscape, and critically discusses the chances, hurdles and limitations of epigenetic-based therapy in future PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany,West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Henderson SE, Ding LY, Mo X, Bekaii-Saab T, Kulp SK, Chen CS, Huang PH. Suppression of Tumor Growth and Muscle Wasting in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer by the Novel Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor AR-42. Neoplasia 2016; 18:765-774. [PMID: 27889645 PMCID: PMC5126135 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of AR-42 (formerly OSU-HDAC42), a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor currently in clinical trials, in suppressing tumor growth and/or cancer-induced muscle wasting in murine models of PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The in vitro antiproliferative activity of AR-42 was evaluated in six human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, COLO-357, PANC-1, MiaPaCa-2, BxPC-3, SW1990). AsPC-1 subcutaneous xenograft and transgenic KPfl/flC (LSL-KrasG12D;Trp53flox/flox;Pdx-1-Cre) mouse models of pancreatic cancer were used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of AR-42 in suppressing tumor growth and/or muscle wasting. RESULTS Growth suppression in AR-42-treated cells was observed in all six human pancreatic cancer cell lines with dose-dependent modulation of proliferation and apoptotic markers, which was associated with the hallmark features of HDAC inhibition, including p21 upregulation and histone H3 hyperacetylation. Oral administration of AR-42 at 50 mg/kg every other day resulted in suppression of tumor burden in the AsPC-1 xenograft and KPfl/flC models by 78% and 55%, respectively, at the end of treatment. Tumor suppression was associated with HDAC inhibition, increased apoptosis, and inhibition of proliferation. Additionally, AR-42 as a single agent preserved muscle size and increased grip strength in KPfl/flC mice. Finally, the combination of AR-42 and gemcitabine in transgenic mice demonstrated a significant increase in survival than either agent alone. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that AR-42 represents a therapeutically promising strategy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally E Henderson
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Li-Yun Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 1800 Cannon Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA.
| | - Samuel K Kulp
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Hsien Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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HDAC1 and HDAC2 integrate the expression of p53 mutants in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:1804-1815. [PMID: 27721407 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of p53 is a frequent genetic lesion in pancreatic cancer being an unmet clinical challenge. Mutants of p53 have lost the tumour-suppressive functions of wild type p53. In addition, p53 mutants exert tumour-promoting functions, qualifying them as important therapeutic targets. Here, we show that the class I histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 contribute to maintain the expression of p53 mutants in human and genetically defined murine pancreatic cancer cells. Our data reveal that the inhibition of these HDACs with small molecule HDAC inhibitors (HDACi), as well as the specific genetic elimination of HDAC1 and HDAC2, reduce the expression of mutant p53 mRNA and protein levels. We further show that HDAC1, HDAC2 and MYC directly bind to the TP53 gene and that MYC recruitment drops upon HDAC inhibitor treatment. Therefore, our results illustrate a previously unrecognized class I HDAC-dependent control of the TP53 gene and provide evidence for a contribution of MYC. A combined approach targeting HDAC1/HDAC2 and MYC may present a novel and molecularly defined strategy to target mutant p53 in pancreatic cancer.
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Fröhlich LF, Mrakovcic M, Smole C, Zatloukal K. Molecular mechanism leading to SAHA-induced autophagy in tumor cells: evidence for a p53-dependent pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:68. [PMID: 27601937 PMCID: PMC5011867 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies indicated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), a class of anticancer agents, are in addition to their ability of apoptosis induction also capable of provoking autophagy. Promoted by the treatment of malignant uterine sarcoma cells with the HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), we previously demonstrated predominant dose-dependent activation of autophagy in ESS-1 cells, but prevalent induction of apoptosis in MES-SA cells. Methods In order to extend our previous studies, SAHA-treated ESS-1 and MES-SA cells were monitored for protein expression to reveal differences in known markers of apoptosis explaining the different cytotoxic responses. Further analysis of the identified candidate protein included cell rescue experiments by gene transfer followed by subsequent screening of cells for induction of apoptosis and autophagy by immunoblotting, caspase activity as well as LC3 and MDC/PI staining. LDH release assays were performed to assess the amount of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Results In our search for responsible autophagic regulatory genes upstream of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), we now discovered that, in contrast to MES-SA cells, a TP53-637C>T nonsense mutation located in the transactivating domain of the oncogenic suppressor p53 causes loss of its protein and consequently reduced PUMA induction in ESS-1 cells. Upon re-introduction of wild-type TP53, SAHA-treated ESS-1 cells underwent immediate apoptotic cell death as supported by upregulation of PUMA and caspase-9 as well as by activation of caspases-3 and -7 and PARP-1 cleavage. Concurrent downregulation of autophagy was noticed by upregulated mTor and phospho-mTOR expression as well as monitoring autophagosome formation employing LC3 and MDC staining. Previously, cytoplasmic master regulatory activities of the oncogenic suppressor p53 in inhibiting autophagy and triggering apoptosis were unravelled. Accordingly, p53-deficiency could explain both, the previously documented apoptosis resistance and prevailing SAHA-induced autophagy in ESS-1 cells. Using MES-SA cells with RNAi-silenced p53 expression and several p53-deficient tumor cell lines undergoing SAHA-induced autophagy, we could generally validate our finding suggesting an inhibitory role for p53 in the autophagic pathway in response to SAHA treatment. Conclusions Conclusively, these results could identify cytoplasmic p53 protein as a molecular switch that directly mediates the cytotoxic response of SAHA and thus open new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold F Fröhlich
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria.,Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Mrakovcic
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Smole
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
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