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Guo S, Guo Y, Chen Y, Cui S, Zhang C, Chen D. The role of CEMIP in cancers and its transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16930. [PMID: 38390387 PMCID: PMC10883155 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
CEMIP is a protein known for inducing cell migration and binding to hyaluronic acid. Functioning as a hyaluronidase, CEMIP primarily facilitates the breakdown of the extracellular matrix component, hyaluronic acid, thereby regulating various signaling pathways. Recent evidence has highlighted the significant role of CEMIP in different cancers, associating it with diverse pathological states. While identified as a biomarker for several diseases, CEMIP's mechanism in cancer seems distinct. Accumulating data suggests that CEMIP expression is triggered by chemical modifications to itself and other influencing factors. Transcriptionally, chemical alterations to the CEMIP promoter and involvement of transcription factors such as AP-1, HIF, and NF-κB regulate CEMIP levels. Similarly, specific miRNAs have been found to post-transcriptionally regulate CEMIP. This review provides a comprehensive summary of CEMIP's role in various cancers and explores how both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms control its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yunfei Guo
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Shuaishuai Cui
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Dahu Chen
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
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Chen Z. The Role of Specificity Protein 1 (SP1) in Bladder Cancer Progression through PTEN-Mediated AKT/mTOR Pathway. Urol Int 2023; 107:848-856. [PMID: 37666229 DOI: 10.1159/000532128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to investigate the potential mechanism of specificity protein 1 (SP1) in bladder cancer progression through the PTEN-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway. METHODS Human bladder cancer cell lines (HT-1197, HT-1376, and T24) and normal ureteral epithelial cell line SV-HUC-1 were used. SP1 expression was detected via quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Cell viability, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were assessed using CCK-8, transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The involvement of the PTEN-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway was evaluated by Western blot. A mouse xenograft model was built, and immunohistochemical staining was applied to visualize SP1 and Ki67 expression in tumor tissues. RESULTS SP1 was overexpressed in bladder cancer cells. SP1 knockdown inhibited viability, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. PTEN intervention increased cell viability, migration, and invasion and decreased apoptosis, which was reversed by SP1 knockdown. The activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway resulting from PTEN knockdown was attenuated by SP1 knockdown. In vivo results showed that SP1 knockdown suppressed tumor growth, increased PTEN expression, and decreased AKT/mTOR pathway-related protein levels. CONCLUSION SP1 promotes bladder cancer progression by inhibiting the PTEN-mediated AKT/mTOR pathway. Targeting SP1 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Xu X, Wang X, Chen Q, Zheng A, Li D, Meng Z, Li X, Cai H, Li W, Huang S, Wang F. Sp1 promotes tumour progression by remodelling the mitochondrial network in cervical cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:307. [PMID: 37147632 PMCID: PMC10163764 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer remains one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that specificity protein 1 (Sp1) plays a pivotal role in tumour progression. The underlying role and mechanism of Sp1 in tumour progression remain unclear. METHODS The protein level of Sp1 in tumour tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. The effect of Sp1 expression on the biological characteristics of cervical cancer cells was assessed by colony, wound healing, transwell formation, EdU, and TUNEL assays. Finally, the underlying mechanisms and effects of Sp1 on the mitochondrial network and metabolism of cervical cancer were analysed both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Sp1 expression was upregulated in cervical cancer. Sp1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of Sp1 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, Sp1 facilitated mitochondrial remodelling by regulating mitofusin 1/2 (Mfn1/2), OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin-like GTPase (Opa1), and dynamin 1-like (Drp1). Additionally, the Sp1-mediated reprogramming of glucose metabolism played a critical role in the progression of cervical cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that Sp1 plays a vital role in cervical tumorigenesis by regulating the mitochondrial network and reprogramming glucose metabolism. Targeting Sp1 could be an effective strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qihui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aman Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Donglu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hanchen Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wangzhi Li
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shiyuan Huang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 West Xueyuan Road, Lucheng District, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Manturthi S, Bhattacharya D, Sakhare KR, Narayan KP, Patri SV. Cimetidine-Based Cationic Amphiphiles for In Vitro Gene Delivery Targetable to Colon Cancer. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31388-31402. [PMID: 36092589 PMCID: PMC9453813 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cimetidine, a histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonist, has been found to have anticancer properties against a number of cancer-type cells. In this report, we have demonstrated that cimetidine can acts as a hydrophilic domain in cationic lipids and targetable to the gastric system by carrying reporter genes and therapeutic genes through in vitro transfection. Two lipids, namely, Toc-Cim and Chol-Cim consisting cimetidine as the main head group and hydrophobic moieties as alpha-tocopherol or cholesterol, respectively, were designed and synthesized. 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) is a well-known co-lipid employed to produce liposomes as uniform vesicles. The liposomes and lipoplexes were structurally and functionally evaluated for global surface charges and hydrodynamic diameters, and results found that both liposome and lipoplex size and surface charges are optimal to screen the transfection potentials. DNA-binding studies were analyzed as complete binding at all formulated N/P ratios. The liposomes and lipoplexes of both the lipids Toc-Cim and Chol-Cim show minimal cytotoxicity even though at higher concentrations. The results of the transfection experiments revealed that tocopherol-based cationic lipids (Toc-Cim) show finer transfection efficacy with optimized N/P ratios (2:1 and 4:1) in the colon cancer cell line. Toc-Cim lipoplexes show higher cellular uptake compare to Chol-Cim in the colon cancer cell line at 2:1 and 4:1 N/P ratios. Toc-Cim and Chol-Cim lipids showed highly compatible serum, examined up to 50% of the serum concentration. To evaluate the apoptotic cell death in CT-26 cells, exposed to Toc-Cim:p53 and Chol-Cim:p53 lipoplexes at 2:1 N/P ratios, superior results showed with Toc-Cim:p53. An effect of TP53 protein expression in CT-26 cell lines assayed by western blot, transfected with Toc-Cim:p53 and Chol-Cim:p53 lipoplexes, demonstrated the superior efficacy of Toc-Cim. All of the findings suggest that Toc-Cim lipid is relatively secure and is an effective transfection agent to colon cancer gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireesha Manturthi
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
Warangal, Hanamkonda, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Dwaipayan Bhattacharya
- Department
of Biological Science, Bits Pilani-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Kalyani Rajesh Sakhare
- Department
of Biological Science, Bits Pilani-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Kumar Pranav Narayan
- Department
of Biological Science, Bits Pilani-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Srilakshmi V. Patri
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology
Warangal, Hanamkonda, Telangana 506004, India
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Young MJ, Chen YC, Wang SA, Chang HP, Yang WB, Lee CC, Liu CY, Tseng YL, Wang YC, Sun HS, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Estradiol-mediated inhibition of Sp1 decreases miR-3194-5p expression to enhance CD44 expression during lung cancer progression. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:3. [PMID: 35034634 PMCID: PMC8762881 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sp1, an important transcription factor, is involved in the progression of various cancers. Our previous studies have indicated that Sp1 levels are increased in the early stage of lung cancer progression but decrease during the late stage, leading to poor prognosis. In addition, estrogen has been shown to be involved in lung cancer progression. According to previous studies, Sp1 can interact with the estrogen receptor (ER) to coregulate gene expression. The role of interaction between Sp1 and ER in lung cancer progression is still unknown and will be clarified in this study. METHODS The clinical relevance between Sp1 levels and survival rates in young women with lung cancer was studied by immunohistochemistry. We validated the sex dependence of lung cancer progression in EGFRL858R-induced lung cancer mice. Wound healing assays, chamber assays and sphere formation assays in A549 cells, Taxol-induced drug-resistant A549 (A549-T24) and estradiol (E2)-treated A549 (E2-A549) cells were performed to investigate the roles of Taxol and E2 in lung cancer progression. Luciferase reporter assays, immunoblot and q-PCR were performed to evaluate the interaction between Sp1, microRNAs and CD44. Tail vein-injected xenograft experiments were performed to study lung metastasis. Samples obtained from lung cancer patients were used to study the mRNA level of CD44 by q-PCR and the protein levels of Sp1 and CD44 by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In this study, we found that Sp1 expression was decreased in premenopausal women with late-stage lung cancer, resulting in a poor prognosis. Tumor formation was more substantial in female EGFRL858R mice than in male mice and ovariectomized female mice, indicating that E2 might be involved in the poor prognosis of lung cancer. We herein report that Sp1 negatively regulates metastasis and cancer stemness in E2-A549 and A549-T24 cells. Furthermore, E2 increases the mRNA and protein levels of RING finger protein 4 (RNF4), which is the E3-ligase of Sp1, and thereby decreases Sp1 levels by promoting Sp1 degradation. Sp1 can be recruited to the promoter of miR-3194-5p, and positively regulate its expression. Furthermore, there was a strong inverse correlation between Sp1 and CD44 levels in clinical lung cancer specimens. Sp1 inhibited CD44 expression by increasing the expression of miR-3194-5p, miR-218-5p, miR-193-5p, miR-182-5p and miR-135-5p, ultimately resulting in lung cancer malignancy. CONCLUSION Premenopausal women with lung cancer and decreased Sp1 levels have a poor prognosis. E2 increases RNF4 expression to repress Sp1 levels in premenopausal women with lung cancer, thus decreasing the expression of several miRNAs that can target CD44 and ultimately leading to cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jer Young
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ching Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-An Wang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- TMU Research Center of Neuroscience, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine National, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Lin Tseng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine National, Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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6
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Zhang L, Xie Q, Li X. Esculetin: A review of its pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Phytother Res 2021; 36:279-298. [PMID: 34808701 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Esculetin is a natural dihydroxy coumarin; it is mainly extracted from twig skin and the trunk bark of the Chinese herbal medicine Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance. Emerging evidence suggests that esculetin has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Based on its fundamental properties, including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular protective activities, as well as antibacterial activity, among others, esculetin is expected to be a therapeutic drug for specific disease indications, such as cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and other diseases. The oral bioavailability of esculetin was shown by studies to be low. The extensive glucuronidation was described to be the main metabolic pathway of esculetin and C-7 phenolic hydroxyl to be its major metabolic site. With the development of scientific research technology, the pharmacological effects of esculetin are identified and its potential for the treatment of diseases is demonstrated. The underlining mechanisms of action and biological activities as well as the pharmacokinetic data of the analyzed compound reported so far are highlighted in this review with the aim of becoming a proven, and applicable insight and reference for further studies on the utilization of esculetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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7
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Gajewska KA, Lescesen H, Ramialison M, Wagstaff KM, Jans DA. Nuclear transporter Importin-13 plays a key role in the oxidative stress transcriptional response. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5904. [PMID: 34625540 PMCID: PMC8501021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The importin superfamily member Importin-13 is a bidirectional nuclear transporter. To delineate its functional roles, we performed transcriptomic analysis on wild-type and Importin-13-knockout mouse embryonic stem cells, revealing enrichment of differentially expressed genes involved in stress responses and apoptosis regulation. De novo promoter motif analysis on 277 Importin-13-dependent genes responsive to oxidative stress revealed an enrichment of motifs aligned to consensus sites for the transcription factors specificity protein 1, SP1, or Kruppel like factor 4, KLF4. Analysis of embryonic stem cells subjected to oxidative stress revealed that Importin-13-knockout cells were more resistant, with knockdown of SP1 or KLF4 helping protect wild-type embryonic stem cells against stress-induced death. Importin-13 was revealed to bind to SP1 and KLF4 in a cellular context, with a key role in oxidative stress-dependent nuclear export of both transcription factors. The results are integral to understanding stress biology, highlighting the importance of Importin-13 in the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Gajewska
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - H. Lescesen
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - M. Ramialison
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute and Systems Biology Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - K. M. Wagstaff
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
| | - D. A. Jans
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC Australia
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Domfeh SA, Narkwa PW, Quaye O, Kusi KA, Awandare GA, Ansah C, Salam A, Mutocheluh M. Cryptolepine inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth through inhibiting interleukin-6/STAT3 signalling. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:161. [PMID: 34078370 PMCID: PMC8170807 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverse signalling pathways are involved in carcinogenesis and one of such pathways implicated in many cancers is the interleukin 6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (IL-6/STAT3) signalling pathway. Therefore, inhibition of this pathway is targeted as an anti-cancer intervention. This study aimed to establish the effect of cryptolepine, which is the main bioactive alkaloid in the medicinal plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, on the IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway. METHODS First, the effect of cryptolepine on the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in human hepatoma cells (HepG2 cells) was screened using the Cignal Finder Multi-Pathway Reporter Array. Next, to confirm the effect of cryptolepine on the IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway, the pathway was activated using 200 ng/mL IL-6 in the presence of 0.5-2 μM cryptolepine. The levels of total STAT3, p-STAT3 and IL-23 were assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Cryptolepine downregulated 12 signalling pathways including the IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway and upregulated 17 signalling pathways. Cryptolepine, in the presence of IL-6, decreased the levels of p-STAT3 and IL-23 in a dose-dependent fashion. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that cryptolepine inhibits the IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway, and therefore cryptolepine-based remedies such as Cryptolepis sanguinolenta could potentially be used as an effective immunotherapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Domfeh
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Patrick W Narkwa
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo A Kusi
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Department of Immunology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Gordon A Awandare
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.,Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Charles Ansah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Mohamed Mutocheluh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Lim S, Shparberg RA, Coorssen JR, O’Connor MD. Application of the RBBP9 Serine Hydrolase Inhibitor, ML114, Decouples Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238983. [PMID: 33256189 PMCID: PMC7730578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma binding protein 9 (RBBP9) is required for maintaining the expression of both pluripotency and cell cycle genes in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). An siRNA-based study from our group showed it does so by influencing cell cycle progression through the RB/E2F pathway. In non-pluripotent cells, RBBP9 is also known to have serine hydrolase (SH) activity, acting on currently undefined target proteins. The role of RBBP9 SH activity in hPSCs, and during normal development, is currently unknown. To begin assessing whether RBBP9 SH activity might contribute to hPSC maintenance, hPSCs were treated with ML114—a selective chemical inhibitor of RBBP9 SH activity. Stem cells treated with ML114 showed significantly reduced population growth rate, colony size and progression through the cell cycle, with no observable change in cell morphology or decrease in pluripotency antigen expression—suggesting no initiation of hPSC differentiation. Consistent with this, hPSCs treated with ML114 retained the capacity for tri-lineage differentiation, as seen through teratoma formation. Subsequent microarray and Western blot analyses of ML114-treated hPSCs suggest the nuclear transcription factor Y subunit A (NFYA) may be a candidate effector of RBBP9 SH activity in hPSCs. These data support a role for RBBP9 in regulating hPSC proliferation independent of differentiation, whereby inhibition of RBBP9 SH activity de-couples decreased hPSC proliferation from initiation of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seakcheng Lim
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia; (S.L.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Rachel A. Shparberg
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia; (S.L.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Jens R. Coorssen
- Departments of Health Sciences and Biological Sciences, Faculties of Applied Health Sciences and Mathematics & Science, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Michael D. O’Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia; (S.L.); (R.A.S.)
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown NSW 2560, Australia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Wang XX, Guo GC, Qian XK, Dou DW, Zhang Z, Xu XD, Duan X, Pei XH. miR-506 attenuates methylation of lncRNA MEG3 to inhibit migration and invasion of breast cancer cell lines via targeting SP1 and SP3. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:171. [PMID: 30386180 PMCID: PMC6203274 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer has been the first death cause of cancer in women all over the world. Metastasis is believed to be the most important process for treating breast cancer. There is evidence that lncRNA MEG3 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer metastasis. However, upstream regulation of MEG3 in breast cancer remain elusive. Therefore, it is critical to elucidate the underlying mechanism upstream MEG3 to regulate breast cancer metastasis. Methods We employed RT-qPCR and Western blot to examine expression level of miR-506, DNMT1, SP1, SP3 and MEG3. Besides, methylation-specific PCR was used to determine the methylation level of MEG3 promoter. Wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay were utilized to measure migration and invasion ability of breast cancer cells, respectively. Results SP was upregulated while miR-506 and MEG3 were downregulated in breast tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal breast tissues. In addition, we found that miR-506 regulated DNMT1 expression in an SP1/SP3-dependent manner, which reduced methylation level of MEG3 promoter and upregulated MEG3 expression. SP3 knockdown or miR-506 mimic suppressed migration and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells whereas overexpression of SP3 compromised miR-506-inhibited migration and invasion. Conclusions Our data reveal a novel axis of miR-506/SP3/SP1/DNMT1/MEG3 in regulating migration and invasion of breast cancer cell lines, which provide rationales for developing effective therapies to treating metastatic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xing Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Cheng Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ke Qian
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Wei Dou
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hong Pei
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan People's Republic of China
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11
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Torabi B, Flashner S, Beishline K, Sowash A, Donovan K, Bassett G, Azizkhan-Clifford J. Caspase cleavage of transcription factor Sp1 enhances apoptosis. Apoptosis 2018; 23:65-78. [PMID: 29236199 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sp1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates many genes involved in apoptosis and senescence. Sp1 also has a role in the DNA damage response; at low levels of DNA damage, Sp1 is phosphorylated by ATM and localizes to double-strand break sites where it facilitates DNA double-strand-break repair. Depletion of Sp1 increases the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage, whereas overexpression of Sp1 can drive cells into apoptosis. In response to a variety of stimuli, Sp1 can be regulated through proteolytic cleavage by caspases and/or degradation. Here, we show that activation of apoptosis through DNA damage or TRAIL-mediated activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway induces caspase-mediated cleavage of Sp1. Cleavage of Sp1 was coincident with the appearance of cleaved caspase 3, and produced a 70 kDa Sp1 product. In vitro analysis revealed a novel caspase cleavage site at aspartic acid 183. Mutation of aspartic acid 183 to alanine conferred resistance to cleavage, and ectopic expression of the Sp1 D183A rendered cells resistant to apoptotic stimuli, indicating that Sp1 cleavage is involved in the induction of apoptosis. The 70 kDa product resulting from caspase cleavage of Sp1 comprises amino acids 184-785. This truncated form, designated Sp1-70C, which retains transcriptional activity, induced apoptosis when overexpressed in normal epithelial cells, whereas Sp1D183A induced significantly less apoptosis. Together, these data reveal a new caspase cleavage site in Sp1 and demonstrate for the first time that caspase cleavage of Sp1 promotes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Torabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Samuel Flashner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kate Beishline
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Aislinn Sowash
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Kelly Donovan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Garrett Bassett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Jane Azizkhan-Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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12
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Kang TH, Seo JH, Oh H, Yoon G, Chae JI, Shim JH. Licochalcone A Suppresses Specificity Protein 1 as a Novel Target in Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4652-4663. [PMID: 28498645 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LCA), isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata, are known to have medicinal effect such as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-cancer. Though, as a pharmacological mechanism regulator, anti-cancer studies on LCA were not investigated in human breast cancer. We investigated the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of LCA in human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 through MTS assay, PI staining, Annexin-V/7-AAD assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, multi-caspase assay, RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, and anchorage-independent cell transformation assay. Our results showed the little difference between two cells, as MCF-7 cell is both estrogen/progesterone receptor positive, there were only effect on Sp1 protein level, but not in mRNA level. Adversely, estrogen/progesterone/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 triple negative, MDA-MB-231 showed decreased Sp1 mRNA, and protein levels. To confirm the participation of Sp1 in breast cancer cell viability, siRNA techniques were introduced. Both cells showed dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ROS production, which reflects it passed intracellular mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Additionally, LCA showed the anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect in breast cancer cells through regulating Sp1 and apoptosis-related proteins in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. Consequently, LCA might be a potential anti-breast cancer drug substitute. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4652-4663, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Kang
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 Plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 534-729, Republic of Korea.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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13
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Bajpai R, Nagaraju GP. Specificity protein 1: Its role in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 113:1-7. [PMID: 28427500 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is a widely expressed transcription factor that plays an important role in the promotion of oncogenes required for tumor survival, progression and metastasis. Sp1 is highly expressed in several cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC) and is related to poor prognosis. Therefore, targeting Sp1 is a rational for CRC therapy. In this review, we will recapitulate the current understanding of Sp1 signaling, its molecular mechanisms, and its potential involvement in CRC growth, progression and metastasis. We will also discuss the current therapeutic drugs for CRC and their mechanism of action via Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Bajpai
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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14
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Pang MJ, Yang Z, Zhang XL, Liu ZF, Fan J, Zhang HY. Physcion, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2016; 37:1623-1640. [PMID: 27694907 PMCID: PMC5260837 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2016.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Physcion is a major bioactive ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicine Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, which has an anthraquinone chemical structure and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities including laxative, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-proliferative effects. In this study we investigated the effect of physcion on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro and in vivo, as well as the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor action. METHODS The nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2 was treated with physcion, and cell viability was detected using MTT and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was used to assess the cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, apoptosis, autophagy and intracellular ROS generation. Apoptotic cell death was also confirmed by a TUNEL assay. The expression of target or marker molecules was determined using Western blotting. The activity of caspase-3, 8, and 9 was detected with an ELISA kit. A xenograft murine model was used to evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor action of physcion, the mice were administered physcion (10, 20 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 30 d. RESULTS Treatment with physcion (5, 10, and 20 μmol/L) dose-dependently suppressed the cell viability and colony formation in CNE2 cells. Physcion (10 and 20 μmol/L) dose-dependently blocked cell cycle progression at G1 phase and induced both caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy in CNE2 cells. Furthermore, physcion treatment induced excessive ROS generation in CNE2 cells, and subsequently disrupted the miR-27a/ZBTB10 axis, resulting in repression of the transcription factor Sp1 that was involved in physcion-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, physcion-induced autophagy acted as a pro-apoptotic factor, and possibly contributed to physcion-induced apoptosis. In the xenograft murine model, administration of physcion dose-dependently suppressed the tumor growth without affecting the body weight. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effects of physcion were correlated with downregulation of Sp1 and suppression of miR-27a in the tumor tissues. CONCLUSION Physcion induces apoptosis and autophagy in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma by targeting Sp1, which was mediated by ROS/miR-27a/ZBTB10 signaling. The results suggest that physcion is a promising candidate for the treatment of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-jie Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Zhun Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Xing-lin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Zhao-fang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
| | - Hong-ying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, China
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15
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Hu J, Hu H, Hang JJ, Yang HY, Wang ZY, Wang L, Chen DH, Wang LW. Simultaneous high expression of PLD1 and Sp1 predicts a poor prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2016; 7:78557-78565. [PMID: 27713167 PMCID: PMC5346659 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease with few therapeutic options. Recently, insight into cancer biology suggested abnormal lipid metabolism to be a risk factor for human malignancies. As a key enzyme implicated in lipid metabolism, PLD1 was elevated in various human cancer associating with malignant phenotypes. However, little was known about its expression and function in PDAC. We showed that PLD1 was elevated in both the cell lines and clinical samples of PDAC, and it positively correlated with vascular invasion (p = 0.041) and responsible for a poor prognosis (p = 0.009). Meanwhile, we also found Sp1 to be elevated in the disease, correlating with vascular invasion (p = 0.007). Moreover, the correlation assay suggested that PLD1 positively correlated with Sp1 in the clinical sample (r = 0.390; p < 0.001) and the cell lines. Finally, we showed that co-high expression of both the factors confers the poorest prognosis for the patients, and that their simultaneous high expression might be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.001; HR = 3.427; 95% CI 1.629-7.211).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun-jie Hang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hai-yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhi-yong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dong-hui Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Li-wei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pancreatic Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai 201620, China
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16
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Milosavljevic V, Haddad Y, Merlos Rodrigo MA, Moulick A, Polanska H, Hynek D, Heger Z, Kopel P, Adam V. The Zinc-Schiff Base-Novicidin Complex as a Potential Prostate Cancer Therapy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163983. [PMID: 27727290 PMCID: PMC5058503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer cells control energy metabolism by chelating intracellular zinc. Thus, zinc delivery has been a popular therapeutic approach for prostate cancer. Here, we propose the use of the membrane-penetrating peptide Novicidin connected to zinc-Schiff base as a carrier vehicle for the delivery of zinc to prostate cells. Mass spectrometry, electrochemistry and spectrophotometry confirmed the formation/stability of this complex and provided insight regarding the availability of zinc for complex interactions. This delivery system showed minor toxicity in normal PNT1A cells and high potency towards PC3 tumor cells. The complex preferentially penetrated PC3 tumor cells in contrast to confinement to the membranes of PNT1A. Furthermore, zinc uptake was confirmed in both cell lines. Molecular analysis was used to confirm the activation of zinc stress (e.g., ZnT-1) and apoptosis (e.g., CASP-1). Our results strongly suggest that the zinc-Schiff base-Novicidin complex has great potential as a novel anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Milosavljevic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Yazan Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Amitava Moulick
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Hana Polanska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union.,Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, CZ-612 00, Brno, Czech Republic, European Union
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17
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Hsu YA, Huang CC, Kung YJ, Lin HJ, Chang CY, Lee KR, Wan L. The anti-proliferative effects of type I IFN involve STAT6-mediated regulation of SP1 and BCL6. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:303-312. [PMID: 26945968 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFN-induced STAT6 has been shown to have anti-proliferative effects in Daudi and B cells. IFN-sensitive (DS) and IFN-resistant (DR) subclones of Daudi cells were used to study the role of STAT6 in the anti-proliferative activities. Type I IFN significantly increased STAT6 mRNA and protein expression in DS but not DR cells. STAT6 knockdown significantly reduced the sensitivity to IFN in both cell lines. The molecular targets and functional importance of IFN-activated STAT6 were performed by chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip (ChIP-on-chip) experiments in type I IFN-treated Daudi cells. Two target genes (Sp1 and BCL6) were selected from the ChIP-on-chip data. IFN-induced STAT6 activation led to Sp1 upregulation and BCL6 downregulation in DS cells, with only minimal effects in DR cells. siRNA inhibition of STAT6 expression resulted in decreased Sp1 and BCL6 mRNA and protein levels in both DS and DR cells. IFN treatment did not increase Sp1 and BCL6 expression in a STAT2-deficient RST2 cell line, and this effect was mitigated by plasmid overexpression of STAT2, indicating that STAT2 is important for STAT6 activation. These results suggest that STAT6 plays an important role in regulating Sp1 and BCL6 through STAT2 to exert the anti-proliferative effects of type I IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jen Kung
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rong Lee
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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18
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Hedrick E, Cheng Y, Jin UH, Kim K, Safe S. Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factors Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are non-oncogene addiction genes in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:22245-56. [PMID: 26967243 PMCID: PMC5008359 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Specificity protein (Sp) transcription factor (TF) Sp1 is overexpressed in multiple tumors and is a negative prognostic factor for patient survival. Sp1 and also Sp3 and Sp4 are highly expressed in cancer cells and in this study, we have used results of RNA interference (RNAi) to show that the three TFs individually play a role in the growth, survival and migration/invasion of breast, kidney, pancreatic, lung and colon cancer cell lines. Moreover, tumor growth in athymic nude mice bearing L3.6pL pancreatic cancer cells as xenografts were significantly decreased in cells depleted for Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 (combined) or Sp1 alone. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of changes in gene expression in Panc1 pancreatic cancer cells after individual knockdown of Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 demonstrates that these TFs regulate genes and pathways that correlated with the functional responses observed after knockdown but also some genes and pathways that inversely correlated with the functional responses. However, causal IPA analysis which integrates all pathway-dependent changes in all genes strongly predicted that Sp1-, Sp3- and Sp4-regulated genes were associated with the pro-oncogenic activity. These functional and genomic results coupled with overexpression of Sp transcription factors in tumor vs. non-tumor tissues and decreased Sp1 expression with age indicate that Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are non-oncogene addiction (NOA) genes and are attractive drug targets for individual and combined cancer chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hedrick
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Yating Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Un-Ho Jin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kyounghyun Kim
- Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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19
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Hellweg CE, Spitta LF, Henschenmacher B, Diegeler S, Baumstark-Khan C. Transcription Factors in the Cellular Response to Charged Particle Exposure. Front Oncol 2016; 6:61. [PMID: 27047795 PMCID: PMC4800317 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charged particles, such as carbon ions, bear the promise of a more effective cancer therapy. In human spaceflight, exposure to charged particles represents an important risk factor for chronic and late effects such as cancer. Biological effects elicited by charged particle exposure depend on their characteristics, e.g., on linear energy transfer (LET). For diverse outcomes (cell death, mutation, transformation, and cell-cycle arrest), an LET dependency of the effect size was observed. These outcomes result from activation of a complex network of signaling pathways in the DNA damage response, which result in cell-protective (DNA repair and cell-cycle arrest) or cell-destructive (cell death) reactions. Triggering of these pathways converges among others in the activation of transcription factors, such as p53, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), activated protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). Depending on dose, radiation quality, and tissue, p53 induces apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest. In low LET radiation therapy, p53 mutations are often associated with therapy resistance, while the outcome of carbon ion therapy seems to be independent of the tumor's p53 status. NF-κB is a central transcription factor in the immune system and exhibits pro-survival effects. Both p53 and NF-κB are activated after ionizing radiation exposure in an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent manner. The NF-κB activation was shown to strongly depend on charged particles' LET, with a maximal activation in the LET range of 90-300 keV/μm. AP-1 controls proliferation, senescence, differentiation, and apoptosis. Nrf2 can induce cellular antioxidant defense systems, CREB might also be involved in survival responses. The extent of activation of these transcription factors by charged particles and their interaction in the cellular radiation response greatly influences the destiny of the irradiated and also neighboring cells in the bystander effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Hellweg
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Luis F. Spitta
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Henschenmacher
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Diegeler
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Christa Baumstark-Khan
- Cellular Biodiagnostics, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Cologne, Germany
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20
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Yen WH, Ke WS, Hung JJ, Chen TM, Chen JS, Sun HS. Sp1-mediated ectopic expression of T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2016; 5:465-77. [PMID: 26763486 PMCID: PMC4799941 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis 2 (TIAM2) is a neuron-specific protein that has been found ectopically expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Results from clinical specimens and cellular and animal models have shown that the short form of TIAM2 (TIAM2S) functions as an oncogene in the tumorigenesis of liver cancer. However, the regulation of TIAM2S ectopic expression in HCC cells remains largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the mechanism underlying the ectopic expression of TIAM2S in liver cancer cells. In this report, we provide evidence illustrating that Sp1 binds directly to the GC box located in the TIAM2S core promoter. We further demonstrated that overexpression of Sp1 in HepaRG cells promotes endogenous TIAM2S mRNA and protein expressions, and knockdown of Sp1 in 2 HCC cell lines, HepG2 and PLC/PRF/5, led to a substantial reduction in TIAM2S mRNA and protein in these cells. Of 60 paired HCC samples, 70% showed a significant increase (from 1.1- to 3.6-fold) in Sp1 protein expression in the tumor cells. The elevated Sp1 expression was highly correlated with both TIAM2S mRNA and protein expressions in these samples. Together, these results illustrate that Sp1 positively controls TIAM2S transcription and that Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation is essential for TIAM2S ectopic expression in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Yen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Sian Ke
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shing Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - H S Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
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21
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Chao R, Chow JM, Hsieh YH, Chen CK, Lee WJ, Hsieh FK, Yu NY, Chou MC, Cheng CW, Yang SF, Chien MH. Tricetin suppresses the migration/invasion of human glioblastoma multiforme cells by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2 through modulation of the expression and transcriptional activity of specificity protein 1. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1293-306. [PMID: 26245494 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1075509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a severely invasive tumor that can be fatal because it is difficult to treat. Tricetin, a natural flavonoid, was demonstrated to inhibit the growth of various cancers, but the effect of tricetin on cancer motility is largely unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the anti-invasive properties of tricetin in huwman GBM cells. RESULTS Our results showed that tricetin inhibited the migration/invasion of two GBM cell lines. We found that tricetin inhibited MMP-2 expression in the GBM cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and promoter activity assays indicated that tricetin inhibited MMP-2 expression at the transcriptional level. Such inhibitory effects were associated with the suppression of specificity protein-1 (SP-1) DNA-binding activity. An examination of clinical samples revealed a positive correlation between SP-1 and MMP-2 in glioma specimens, and higher expression levels were correlated with a worse probability of survival. Moreover, blocking the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway also inhibited MMP-2-mediated cell motility, and further enhanced the anti-invasive ability of tricetin in GBM cells. CONCLUSIONS SP-1 is an important target of tricetin for suppressing MMP-2-mediated cell motility in GBM cells, and a combination of tricetin and an ERK inhibitor may be a good strategy for preventing GBM invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rockey Chao
- a 1 Chung Shan Medical University, Institute of Medicine , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- b 2 Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- c 3 Chung Shan Medical University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuan Chen
- d 4 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan.,e 5 National Taiwan University, Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- f 6 Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Department of Urology , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Koo Hsieh
- g 7 Ludwig-Maximilians University, Department of Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine , Munich, Germany
| | - Nuo-Yi Yu
- a 1 Chung Shan Medical University, Institute of Medicine , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- a 1 Chung Shan Medical University, Institute of Medicine , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Cheng
- h 8 Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan +886 2 2736 1661 ; +886 2 2739 0500 ;
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- a 1 Chung Shan Medical University, Institute of Medicine , Taichung, Taiwan.,i 9 Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Department of Medical Research , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- h 8 Taipei Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine , 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan +886 2 2736 1661 ; +886 2 2739 0500 ; .,j 10 Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Department of Medical Research , Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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miR-24-2 regulates genes in survival pathway and demonstrates potential in reducing cellular viability in combination with docetaxel. Gene 2015; 567:217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Cho JH, Lee RH, Jeon YJ, Shin JC, Park SM, Choi NJ, Seo KS, Yoon G, Cho SS, Kim KH, Cho JJ, Cho YS, Kim DH, Hong JT, Lee TH, Park HJ, Jung S, Seo JM, Chen H, Dong Z, Chae JI, Shim JH. Role of transcription factor Sp1 in the 4-O-methylhonokiol-mediated apoptotic effect on oral squamous cancer cells and xenograft. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 64:287-97. [PMID: 25982202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, biphenolic components derived from the Magnolia family have been studied for anti-cancer, anti-stress, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects. However, the pharmacological mechanism of action of 4-O-methylhonokiol (MH) is not clear in oral cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MH in apoptosis and its molecular mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, HN22 and HSC4, as well as tumor xenografts. Here, we demonstrated that MH decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis in HN22 and HSC4 cells through the regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). We employed several experimental techniques such as MTS assay, DAPI staining, PI staining, Annexin-V/7-ADD staining, RT-PCR, western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay and in vivo xenograft model analysis. MH inhibited Sp1 protein expression and reduced Sp1 protein levels via both proteasome-dependent protein degradation and inhibition of protein synthesis in HN22 and HSC4 cells; MH did not alter Sp1 mRNA levels. We found that MH directly binds Sp1 by Sepharose 4B pull-down assay and molecular modeling. In addition, treatment with MH or knocking down Sp1 expression suppressed oral cancer cell colony formation. Moreover, MH treatment effectively inhibited tumor growth and Sp1 levels in BALB/c nude mice bearing HN22 cell xenografts. These results indicated that MH inhibited cell growth, colony formation and also induced apoptosis via Sp1 suppression in OSCC cells and xenograft tumors. Thus, MH is a potent anti-cancer drug candidate for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Ham Lee
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheon Shin
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Min Park
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Hwi Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jae Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute and the BK21 Project, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental Science Research Institute and the BK21 Project, Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ju Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggon Jung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Seo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanyong Chen
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Zigang Dong
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Dental Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Evaluation of the selenotranscriptome expression in two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015. [PMID: 26199857 PMCID: PMC4493270 DOI: 10.1155/2015/419561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and is still one of the most fatal cancers. Hence, it needs to identify always new putative markers to improve its diagnosis and prognosis. Since the selenium is able to fight the oxidative damage which is one of the major origins of cell damage as well as cancer, we have recently focused our attention on selenoprotein family and their involvement in HCC. In the present paper we have carried out a global analysis of the selenotranscriptome expression in HepG2 and Huh7 cells compared to the normal human hepatocytes by reverse transcription-qPCR (RT-qPCR). Our data showed that in both cells there are three downregulated (DIO1, DIO2, and SELO) and ten upregulated (GPX4, GPX7, SELK, SELM, SELN, SELT, SELV, SEP15, SEPW1, and TrxR1) genes. Additionally, interactomic studies were carried out to evaluate the ability of these down- and upregulated genes to interact between them as well as to identify putative HUB nodes representing the centers of correlation able to exercise a direct control over the coordinated genes.
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25
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Kaul D, Sharma S, Garg A. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP2) gene expression is regulated by miR-2909. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2015; 55:89-93. [PMID: 25976474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reversible decoupling of glycolysis from aerobic-respiration has been widely recognized to be a crucial step in tailoring immune response by the human cells. In this context, the study reported here revealed for the first time that cooperativity between Apoptosis Antagonizing Transcription Factor (AATF) mRNA and miR-2909 within cellular AATF RNome ensures the regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression in a cyclic fashion and this phenomenon is substantiated when the immune cells face high glucose threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kaul
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - A Garg
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Maertens A, Luechtefeld T, Kleensang A, Hartung T. MPTP's pathway of toxicity indicates central role of transcription factor SP1. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:743-55. [PMID: 25851821 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Deriving a Pathway of Toxicity from transcriptomic data remains a challenging task. We explore the use of weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to extract an initial network from a small microarray study of MPTP toxicity in mice. Five modules were statistically significant; each module was analyzed for gene signatures in the Chemical and Genetic Perturbation subset of the Molecular Signatures Database as well as for over-represented transcription factor binding sites and WGCNA clustered probes by function and captured pathways relevant to neurodegenerative disorders. The resulting network was analyzed for transcription factor candidates, which were narrowed down via text-mining for relevance to the disease model, and then combined with the large-scale interaction FANTOM4 database to generate a genetic regulatory network. Modules were enriched for transcription factors relevant to Parkinson's disease. Transcription factors significantly improved the number of genes that could be connected in a given component. For each module, the transcription factor that had, by far, the highest number of interactions was SP1, and it also had substantial experimental evidence of interactions. This analysis both captures much of the known biology of MPTP toxicity and suggests several candidates for further study. Furthermore, the analysis strongly suggests that SP1 plays a central role in coordinating the cellular response to MPTP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Maertens
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Dupuis-Maurin V, Brinza L, Baguet J, Plantamura E, Schicklin S, Chambion S, Macari C, Tomkowiak M, Deniaud E, Leverrier Y, Marvel J, Michallet MC. Overexpression of the transcription factor Sp1 activates the OAS-RNAse L-RIG-I pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118551. [PMID: 25738304 PMCID: PMC4349862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated expression of oncogenes or transcription factors such as specificity protein 1 (Sp1) is observed in many human cancers and plays a role in tumor maintenance. Paradoxically in untransformed cells, Sp1 overexpression induces late apoptosis but the early intrinsic response is poorly characterized. In the present work, we studied increased Sp1 level consequences in untransformed cells and showed that it turns on an early innate immune transcriptome. Sp1 overexpression does not activate known cellular stress pathways such as DNA damage response or endoplasmic reticulum stress, but induces the activation of the OAS-RNase L pathway and the generation of small self-RNAs, leading to the upregulation of genes of the antiviral RIG-I pathway at the transcriptional and translational levels. Finally, Sp1-induced intrinsic innate immune response leads to the production of the chemokine CXCL4 and to the recruitment of inflammatory cells in vitro and in vivo. Altogether our results showed that increased Sp1 level in untransformed cells constitutes a novel danger signal sensed by the OAS-RNase L axis leading to the activation of the RIG-I pathway. These results suggested that the OAS-RNase L-RIG-I pathway may be activated in sterile condition in absence of pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéryane Dupuis-Maurin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Lilia Brinza
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Joël Baguet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emilie Plantamura
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Schicklin
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Solène Chambion
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Macari
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Martine Tomkowiak
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Deniaud
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Yann Leverrier
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U111-CNRS UMR5308, Université de Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Kim KH, Yoon G, Cho JJ, Cho JH, Cho YS, Chae JI, Shim JH. Licochalcone A induces apoptosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma through downregulation of Sp1 and subsequent activation of mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1385-92. [PMID: 25586190 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A (LCA) is a natural product derived from the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata exhibiting a wide range of bioactivities such as antitumor, anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial effects. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an extremely aggressive type of cancer with a poor prognosis because of its rapid progression. However, LCA has not been investigated concerning its effects on MPM. Preliminarily, we observed that LCA negatively modulated not only cell growth, but also specificity protein 1 (Sp1) expression in MSTO-211H and H28 cell lines. It was found that IC50 values of LCA for growth inhibition of MSTO-211H and H28 cells were approximately 26 and 30 µM, respectively. Consistent with downregulation of Sp1, expression of Sp1 regulatory proteins such as Cyclin D1, Mcl-1 and Survivin was substantially diminished. Mechanistically, LCA triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by affecting the ratio of mitochondrial proapoptotic Bax to anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Bid induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, eventually leading to multi-caspase activation and increased sub-G1 population. Moreover, nuclear staining with DAPI highlighted nuclear condensation and fragmentation of apoptotic features. Flow cytometry analyses after staining cells with Annexin V and propiodium iodide corroborated LCA-mediated apoptotic cell death of MPM cells. In conclusion, these results present that LCA may be a potential bioactive material to control human MPM cells by apoptosis via the downregulation of Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hwi Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jae Cho
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sik Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1000 Sindang-dong, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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29
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Lee RH, Shin JC, Kim KH, Choi YH, Chae JI, Shim JH. Apoptotic effects of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone in human oral squamous cancer cells through suppression of Sp1. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:631-8. [PMID: 25434704 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a member of the flavonoid family and has recently been identified as a brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetic that selectively activates tropomyosin-receptor kinase B with high affinity. The antioxidant and anticancer effects of 7,8-DHF have been reported. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of 7,8-DHF in oral cancer are unclear. Thus, we investigated the mechanisms of the antiproliferative action of 7,8-DHF on HN22 and HSC4 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. We demonstrated that 7,8-DHF decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis in the HN22 and HSC4 cells through regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) using the MTS assay, DAPI staining, Annexin V, propidium iodide staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, pull-down assay and western blot analysis. The results showed that the Sp1 protein bound with 7,8-DHF in the HN22 and HSC4 cells. Taken together, the results suggest that 7,8-DHF could modulate Sp1 transactivation and induce apoptotic cell death by regulating the cell cycle and suppressing antiapoptotic proteins. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF may be valuable for cancer prevention and better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra Ham Lee
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Cheon Shin
- Pohang Center for Evaluation of Biomaterials, Pohang Technopark, Jigok-dong, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka-Hwi Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 651-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Natural Medicine Research Institute, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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INMAP overexpression inhibits cell proliferation, induces genomic instability and functions through p53/p21 pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115704. [PMID: 25635878 PMCID: PMC4312054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INMAP is a spindle protein that plays essential role for mitosis, by ensuring spindle and centromere integrality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevant functions of INMAP for genomic stability and its functional pathway. We overexpressed INMAP in HeLa cells, resulting in growth inhibition in monolayer cell cultures, anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and xenograft growth in nude mice. In this system caused micronuclei (MNi) formation, chromosome distortion and γH2AX expression upregulation, suggesting DNA damage induction and genomic stability impairment. As a tumour biochemical marker, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes were detected to evaluate cell metabolic activity, the results confirming that total activity of LDH, as well as that of its LDH5 isoform, is significantly decreased in INMAP-overexpressing HeLa cells. The levels of p53 and p21 were upregulated, and however, that of PCNA and Bcl-2, downregulated. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) analyses revealed the interaction between INMAP and p21. These results suggest that INMAP might function through p53/p21 pathways.
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Lee RH, Cho JH, Jeon YJ, Bang W, Cho JJ, Choi NJ, Seo KS, Shim JH, Chae JI. Quercetin Induces Antiproliferative Activity Against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells by Suppressing Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1). Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:9-16. [PMID: 25619802 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Quercetin, found in red onions and red apple skin can induce apoptosis insome malignant cells. However, the apoptotic effect of quercetin in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells via regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) has not been studied. Here, we demonstrated that quercetin decreased cell growth and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells via suppression of Sp1 using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, Annexin V, and Western blot analysis, an effect that was dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of HepG2 cells with quercetin reduced cell growth and induced apoptosis, followed by regulation of Sp1 and Sp1 regulatory protein. Taken together, the results suggest that quercetin can induce apoptotic cell death by regulating cell cycle and suppressing antiapoptotic proteins. Therefore, quercetin may be useful for cancer prevention. Drug Dev Res 76 : 9-16, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra Ham Lee
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Jin Hyoung Cho
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Woong Bang
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Jung-Jae Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Natural Medicine Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 534-729
| | - Nag-Jin Choi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural & Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
| | - Kang Seok Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, Natural Medicine Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 534-729
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756
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Yang HC, Chuang JY, Jeng WY, Liu CI, Wang AHJ, Lu PJ, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Pin1-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation by CDK1 increases Sp1 stability and decreases its DNA-binding activity during mitosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:13573-87. [PMID: 25398907 PMCID: PMC4267622 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that Sp1 phosphorylation at Thr739 decreases its DNA-binding activity. In this study, we found that phosphorylation of Sp1 at Thr739 alone is necessary, but not sufficient for the inhibition of its DNA-binding activity during mitosis. We demonstrated that Pin1 could be recruited to the Thr739(p)-Pro motif of Sp1 to modulate the interaction between phospho-Sp1 and CDK1, thereby facilitating CDK1-mediated phosphorylation of Sp1 at Ser720, Thr723 and Thr737 during mitosis. Loss of the C-terminal end of Sp1 (amino acids 741-785) significantly increased Sp1 phosphorylation, implying that the C-terminus inhibits CDK1-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation. Binding analysis of Sp1 peptides to Pin1 by isothermal titration calorimetry indicated that Pin1 interacts with Thr739(p)-Sp1 peptide but not with Thr739-Sp1 peptide. X-ray crystallography data showed that the Thr739(p)-Sp1 peptide occupies the active site of Pin1. Increased Sp1 phosphorylation by CDK1 during mitosis not only stabilized Sp1 levels by decreasing interaction with ubiquitin E3-ligase RNF4 but also caused Sp1 to move out of the chromosomes completely by decreasing its DNA-binding activity, thereby facilitating cell cycle progression. Thus, Pin1-mediated conformational changes in the C-terminal region of Sp1 are critical for increased CDK1-mediated Sp1 phosphorylation to facilitate cell cycle progression during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Che Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ying Chuang
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Jeng
- Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Liu
- Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Andrew H-J Wang
- Core Facilities for Protein Structural Analysis, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, and Center for Neurotrauma and Neuroregeneration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan Center for Infectious Disease and Signal Transduction Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Sachita K, Yu HJ, Yun JW, Lee JS, Cho SD. YM155 induces apoptosis through downregulation of specificity protein 1 and myeloid cell leukemia-1 in human oral cancer cell lines. J Oral Pathol Med 2014; 44:785-91. [PMID: 25475012 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND YM155 is a small-molecule pro-apoptotic agent which has shown to inhibit survivin expression and induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the function and molecular mechanism of YM155 in human oral cancer cells. METHODS The apoptotic effects and related signaling pathways of YM155 were evaluated using trypan blue exclusion assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, Western blotting, RT-PCR, and siRNA. RESULTS YM155 inhibited the growth and caused caspase-dependent apoptosis in MC3 and HN22 cells. YM155 significantly suppressed the level of survivin protein expression through proteasome-dependent protein degradation to confirm its survivin-inhibiting function. YM155 reduced myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein, but it did not alter Mcl-1 mRNA. It was associated with the facilitation of lysosome-dependent protein degradation. The modifications of Mcl-1 and survivin by YM155 were caspase-independent manner. Treatment of MC-3 and HN22 cells with YM155 inhibited specificity protein 1 (Sp1) and the knockdown of Sp1 by siRNA demonstrated that Mcl-1 was regulated by Sp1 protein. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the novel mechanism that YM155 causes apoptosis of human oral cancer cell lines through downregulation of Sp1 and Mcl-1. Therefore, it may be a potential anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadka Sachita
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Yu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Sang Lee
- Department of Health and Functional Food, College of Medical Science, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Biodegradable Material, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Chae JI, Jeon YJ, Shim JH. Anti-proliferative properties of kahweol in oral squamous cancer through the regulation specificity protein 1. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1879-86. [PMID: 25196544 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kahweol, the coffee-specific deterpene, has been shown to have potential anti-cancer effects against several cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer activity of kahweol have not yet established. In this study, we investigated whether kahweol could show anti-cancer effects on oral squamous cell lines (OSCCs), HN22 and HSC4. We conducted an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay, 4'-6-diamidino2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, propidium iodide staining, immunocytochemistry, and Western blot analysis for the characterization of kahweol and the underlying signaling pathway. We determined that kahweol-treated cells showed significantly decreased cell viability and increased nuclear condensation and an increased sub-G1 population in OSCCs. Interestingly, suppression of the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was followed by induced apoptosis by kahweol in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, kahweol modulated the protein expression level of the Sp1 regulatory genes including cell cycle regulatory proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins, resulting in apoptosis. Taken together, results from these findings suggest that kahweol may be a potential anti-cancer drug candidate to induce apoptotic cell death through downregulation of Sp1 in OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, BK21 plus, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 651-756, Korea
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Bai X, Lv Z, Zou J, Xu W, Wang H. Cyclic tensile strain on vocal fold fibroblasts inhibits cigarette smoke-induced inflammation: implications for Reinke edema. J Voice 2014; 29:13-21. [PMID: 25439508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether patients with Reinke edema are more extrovertive than patients with carcinoma and, whether cyclic tensile strain (CTS) attenuates cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced inflammation in human vocal fold fibroblasts (HVFF). STUDY DESIGN In vitro and ex vivo study. METHODS Clinical investigation and Eysenck personality questionnaire were performed to evaluate the personality and smoking status in individuals among groups. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay was applied to test the viabilities of cultured HVFF exposed to CSC and/or CTS. The messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in tissues from Reinke edema, paracancerous site, normal vocal fold, and in HVFF with different treatments were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or western blot, respectively. RESULTS Patients with either Reinke edema or carcinoma were moderate/heavy smokers; the extraversion score, however, was higher in Reinke edema patients than that in carcinoma patients. CD44 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly higher, whereas, COX-2 and MMP-9 expressions were significantly lower in Reinke edema tissues than those in paracancerous tissues. Treatment of HVFF with CSC led to the decrease in cell viability, the reduction in CD44 expression, but, the increase in COX-2 and MMP-9 expressions and, moreover, administration of CTS inhibited such effects of CSC on HVFF. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that Reinke edema patients have more extrovert personality characteristics in comparison to carcinoma patients and, importantly, CTS attenuates CSC-induced inflammation in HVFF. Phonatory vibration may be a mechanism for lower expression of proinflammatory mediators in Reinke edema tissues in spite of cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China; Institute of Eye and ENT, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Bai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China; Institute of Eye and ENT, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghua Lv
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China; Institute of Eye and ENT, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Jidong Zou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China; Institute of Eye and ENT, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China; Institute of Eye and ENT, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Otology, Jinan, P.R. China; Institute of Eye and ENT, Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China.
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CHO JINHYOUNG, SHIN JAECHEON, CHO JUNGJAE, CHOI YUNGHYUN, SHIM JUNGHYUN, CHAE JUNGIL. Esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin): A potential cancer chemopreventive agent through suppression of Sp1 in oral squamous cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:265-71. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Zhang JP, Zhang H, Wang HB, Li YX, Liu GH, Xing S, Li MZ, Zeng MS. Down-regulation of Sp1 suppresses cell proliferation, clonogenicity and the expressions of stem cell markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2014; 12:222. [PMID: 25099028 PMCID: PMC4132216 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor Sp1 is multifaceted, with the ability to function as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, depending on the cellular context. We previously reported that Sp1 is required for the transcriptional activation of the key oncogenes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), including B-lymphoma mouse Moloney leukemia virus insertion region 1 (Bmi1) and centromere protein H (CENPH), but the role of Sp1 and its underlying mechanisms in NPC remained largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to investigate the cellular function of Sp1 and to verify the clinical significance of Sp1 as a potential therapeutic target in NPC. METHODS The levels of Sp1 in the normal primary nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NPECs) and NPC cell lines were analyzed by Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The location and expression of Sp1 in the NPC tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). The effect of Sp1 knockdown on the cell proliferation, clonogenicity, anchorage-independent growth and the stem-cell like phenotype in NPC cells were evaluated by MTT, flow cytometry, clonogenicity analysis and sphere formation assay. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of Sp1 were elevated in NPC cell lines than in the normal primary NPECs. Higher expression of Sp1 was found in NPC tissues with advanced clinical stage (P=0.00036). Either inhibition of Sp1 activity by mithramycin A, the FDA-approved chemotherapeutic anticancer drug or Sp1 silencing by two distinct siRNA against Sp1 suppressed the growth of NPC cells. Mechanism analysis revealed that Sp1 silencing may suppress cell proliferation, clonogenicity, anchorage-independent growth and the stem-cell like phenotype through inducing the expression of p27 and p21, and impairing the expressions of the critical stem cell transcription factors (SCTFs), including Bmi1, c-Myc and KLF4 in NPC cells. CONCLUSIONS Sp1 was enriched in advanced NPC tissues and silencing of Sp1 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, clonogenicity, anchorage-independent growth and the stem-cell like phenotype of NPC cells, suggesting Sp1 may serve as an appealing drug target for NPC.
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Harada K, Yuko K, Sato Y, Ikeda H, Nakanuma Y. Significance of oestrogen-related receptor γ on biliary epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:566-72. [PMID: 24687322 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oestrogen has been speculated to play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), which mainly affects middle-aged and old-aged females because biliary epithelial cells (BECs) are known to express oestrogen receptors (ERs). Oestrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are constitutively active without oestrogen and competitively inhibit the ER-dependent effects of oestrogen. We clarified the effects of oestrogen and the significance of ERRs along with their association with the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy in PBC. METHODS We investigated the expression of ERs and ERRs and the apoptosis-related cell kinetics in BECs using cultured human BECs and human liver specimens. RESULTS Although cultured human BECs and the interlobular bile ducts in the liver expressed ERβ, in cultured BECs, oestrogen treatment did not induce significant cell proliferation but increased the expression of a negative cell proliferation regulator (14-3-3σ protein). The cultured BECs constantly expressed ERRα and ERRγ, and oestrogen downregulated the ERRγ expression. Furthermore, the ERRγ expression was determined in the intrahepatic bile ducts and was stronger in the middle-aged and old-aged females, particularly those with PBC, than in the younger females. The ERRγ ligand activated a transcription factor, SP1, and enhanced the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family molecules and Bcl-2 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in cultured BECs. CONCLUSIONS Although oestrogen downregulates the ERRγ expression, the increased ERRγ expression under oestrogen-deficient conditions increases the susceptibility to Bcl-2 family-mediated apoptosis in cultured human BECs of females, particularly those with PBC. Understanding the oestrogen-mediated cell kinetics is important for elucidating the pathogenesis of cholangiopathy in PBC.
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MESH Headings
- 14-3-3 Proteins/metabolism
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/drug effects
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Receptor beta/metabolism
- Exoribonucleases/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/drug effects
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Sex Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- ERRalpha Estrogen-Related Receptor
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Harada
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kakuda Yuko
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Division of Pathology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuni Nakanuma
- Department of Human Pathology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
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Xu F, Zhu X, Han T, You X, Liu F, Ye L, Zhang X, Wang X, Yao Y. The oncoprotein hepatitis B X-interacting protein promotes the migration of ovarian cancer cells through the upregulation of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 by Sp1. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:255-63. [PMID: 24788380 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is a novel oncoprotein. We have previously reported that HBXIP promotes the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is another oncoprotein which is important for migration. In this study, we investigated whether Skp2 is involved in the migration enhanced by HBXIP in ovarian cancer. The expression of HBXIP and Skp2 in ovarian cancer tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. The role of HBXIP and Skp2 in the migration of ovarian cancer cells was investigated by wound-healing assay and Transwell migration assay. The effect of HBXIP on Skp2 was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot analysis, luciferase reporter gene assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation in ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3 and CAOV3). We found that both HBXIP and Skp2 were highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues. We observed that the overexpression of HBXIP enhanced the migration of ovarian cancer cells, while Skp2 siRNAs decreased the cell migration enhanced by HBXIP. The HBXIP siRNAs inhibited ovarian cancer cell migration and Skp2 rescued the migration inhibition induced by HBXIP siRNA. HBXIP could upregulate Skp2 at the levels of mRNA and protein in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, HBXIP increased the activity of Skp2 promoter via binding to the transcription factor Sp1. HBXIP is highly expressed in ovarian cancer tissues. HBXIP enhances the migration of ovarian cancer cells. HBXIP was able to stimulate the activity of Skp2 promoter via transcription factor Sp1 thus promoting the migration of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Branch of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona You
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Fabao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Ye
- Department of Biochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Cancer Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute for Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Yuanqing Yao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General Hospital Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Thériault BL, Basavarajappa HD, Lim H, Pajovic S, Gallie BL, Corson TW. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of KIF14 overexpression in ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91540. [PMID: 24626475 PMCID: PMC3953446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KIF14 (kinesin family member 14) is a mitotic kinesin and an important oncogene in several cancers. Tumor KIF14 expression levels are independently predictive of poor outcome, and in cancer cells KIF14 can modulate metastatic behavior by maintaining appropriate levels of cell adhesion and migration proteins at the cell membrane. Thus KIF14 is an exciting potential therapeutic target. Understanding KIF14's regulation in cancer cells is crucial to the development of effective and selective therapies to block its tumorigenic function(s). We previously determined that close to 30% of serous ovarian cancers (OvCa tumors) exhibit low-level genomic gain, indicating one mechanism of KIF14 overexpression in tumors. We now report on transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of KIF14. Through promoter deletion analyses, we identified one cis-regulatory region containing binding sites for Sp1, HSF1 and YY1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of these transcription factors demonstrated endogenous regulation of KIF14 overexpression by Sp1 and YY1, but not HSF1. ChIP experiments confirmed an enrichment of both Sp1 and YY1 binding to the endogenous KIF14 promoter in OvCa cell lines with high KIF14 expression. A strong correlation was seen in primary serous OvCa tumors between Sp1, YY1 and KIF14 expression, further evidence that these transcription factors are important players in KIF14 overexpression. Hypomethylation patterns were observed in primary serous OvCa tumors, suggesting a minor role for promoter methylation in the control of KIF14 gene expression. miRNA expression analysis determined that miR-93, miR-144 and miR-382 had significantly lower levels of expression in primary serous OvCa tumors than normal tissues; treatment of an OvCa cell line with miRNA mimics and inhibitors specifically modulated KIF14 mRNA levels, pointing to potential novel mechanisms of KIF14 overexpression in primary tumors. Our findings reveal multiple mechanisms of KIF14 upregulation in cancer cells, offering new targets for therapeutic interventions to reduce KIF14 in tumors, aiming at improved prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte L. Thériault
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Halesha D. Basavarajappa
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Harvey Lim
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanja Pajovic
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda L. Gallie
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Visual Science, Toronto Western Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy W. Corson
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Yang WB, Chen PH, Hsu T, Fu TF, Su WC, Liaw H, Chang WC, Hung JJ. Sp1-mediated microRNA-182 expression regulates lung cancer progression. Oncotarget 2014; 5:740-53. [PMID: 24519909 PMCID: PMC3996653 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent study indicated that overexpression of Sp1 enhances the proliferation of lung cancer cells, while represses metastasis. In this study, we found that the transcriptional activity of FOXO3 was increased, but its protein levels decreased following Sp1 expression. Sp1 increased expression of miR-182, which was then recruited to the 3'-untranslated region of FOXO3 mRNA to silence its translational activity. Knockdown of miR-182 inhibited lung cancer cells growth, but enhanced the invasive and migratory abilities of these cells through increased N-cadherin expression. Repression of FOXO3 expression in the miR-182 knockdown cells partially reversed this effect, suggesting that miR-182 promotes cancer cell growth and inhibits cancer metastatic activity by regulating the expression of FOXO3. The expression of several cancer metastasis-related genes such as ADAM9, CDH9 and CD44 was increased following miR-182 knockdown. In conclusion, in the early stages of lung cancer progression, Sp1 stimulates miR-182 expression, which in turn decreases FOXO3 expression. This stimulates proliferation and tumor growth. In the late stages, Sp1 and miR-182 decline, thus increasing FOXO3 expression, which leads to lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Yang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience in Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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Chae JI, Lee R, Cho J, Hong J, Shim JH. Specificity protein 1 is a novel target of 2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal for the suppression of human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell growth. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:4. [PMID: 24423061 PMCID: PMC3928619 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction occurring between a reducing sugar and an amino acid, generally requiring thermal processing. Maillard reaction products (MRPs) have antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antibacterial effects though 2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242), a fructose-tyrosine MRP, appears to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells, its mechanism of action has not been studied in detail. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of 2,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butenal (HPB242) on two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines, HN22 and HSC4, through regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Results HPB242 treatment dramatically reduced the cell growth rate and apoptotic cell morphologies. Sp1 was significantly inhibited by HPB242 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cell cycle regulating proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins, which are known as Sp1 target genes, were altered at the molecular levels. The key important regulators in the cell cycle such as p27 were increased, whereas cell proliferation- and survival-related proteins such as cyclin D1, myeloid leukemia sequence 1 (Mcl-1) and survivin were significantly decreased by HPB242 or suppressed Sp1 levels, however pro-apoptotic proteins caspase3 and PARP were cleaved in HN22 and HSC4. Conclusions HPB242 may be useful as a chemotherapeutic agent for OSCC for the purpose of treatment and prevention of oral cancer and for the improvement of clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, 1666 Youngsan-ro, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea.
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Lee WS, Kwon J, Yun DH, Lee YN, Woo EY, Park MJ, Lee JS, Han YH, Bae IH. Specificity protein 1 expression contributes to Bcl-w-induced aggressiveness in glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cells 2014; 37:17-23. [PMID: 24552705 PMCID: PMC3907011 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We already had reported that Bcl-w promotes invasion or migration in gastric cancer cells and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by activating matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) via specificity protein 1 (Sp1) or β-cateinin, respectively. High expression of Bcl-w also has been reported in GBM which is the most common malignant brain tumor and exhibits aggressive and invasive behavior. These reports propose that Bcl-w-induced signaling is strongly associated with aggressive characteristic of GBM. We demonstrated that Sp1 protein or mRNA expression is induced by Bcl-w using Western blotting or RT-PCR, respectively, and markedly elevated in high-grade glioma specimens compared with low-grade glioma tissues using tissue array. However, relationship between Bcl-w-related signaling and aggressive characteristic of GBM is poorly characterized. This study suggested that Bcl-w-induced Sp1 activation promoted expression of glioma stem-like cell markers, such as Musashi, Nanog, Oct4 and sox-2, as well as neurosphere formation and invasiveness, using western blotting, neurosphere formation assay, or invasion assay, culminating in their aggressive behavior. Therefore, Bcl-w-induced Sp1 activation is proposed as a putative marker for aggressiveness of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sang Lee
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | | | - Dong Ho Yun
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - Young Nam Lee
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - Eun Young Woo
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Han
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
| | - In Hwa Bae
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706,
Korea
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Yang L, Huang K, Li X, Du M, Kang X, Luo X, Gao L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Tong Q, Huang K, Zhang F, Huang D. Identification of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 as a cell cycle regulator through modulating Sp1 mediated transcription in human hepatoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82872. [PMID: 24367566 PMCID: PMC3868549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Sp1 is implicated in the activation of G0/G1 phase genes. Modulation of Sp1 transcription activities may affect G1-S checkpoint, resulting in changes in cell proliferation. In this study, our results demonstrated that activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) promoted cell proliferation by inhibiting Sp1 signaling pathway. Cell proliferation and cell cycle assays demonstrated that PARP inhibitors or PARP-1 siRNA treatment significantly inhibited proliferation of hepatoma cells and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in hepatoma cells, while overexpression of PARP-1 or PARP-1 activator treatment promoted cell cycle progression. Simultaneously, inhibition of PARP-1 enhanced the expression of Sp1-mediated checkpoint proteins, such as p21 and p27. In this study, we also showed that Sp1 was poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated by PARP-1 in hepatoma cells. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation suppressed Sp1 mediated transcription through preventing Sp1 binding to the Sp1 response element present in the promoters of target genes. Taken together, these data indicated that PARP-1 inhibition attenuated the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of Sp1 and significantly increased the expression of Sp1 target genes, resulting in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and the decreased proliferative ability of the hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangrao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China ; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lee HE, Choi ES, Jung JY, You MJ, Kim LH, Cho SD. Inhibition of specificity protein 1 by dibenzylideneacetone, a curcumin analogue, induces apoptosis in mucoepidermoid carcinomas and tumor xenografts through Bim and truncated Bid. Oral Oncol 2013; 50:189-95. [PMID: 24309154 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dibenzylideneacetone (DBA), a curcumin analogue that has anti-cancer activity in a variety of tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic effects of DBA and its molecular mechanism in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cell lines and tumor xenografts. MATERIAL AND METHODS The apoptotic effects and related molecular mechanisms of DBA on MEC cell lines were evaluated using cell viability assay, DAPI staining, Western blot analysis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Dual-luciferase Reporter Assay. The anti-tumor activity using in vivo were determined by Nude mouse xenograft assay and histopathological examination. RESULTS DBA decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in MEC cells. These events were accompanied by inhibition of specificity protein 1 (Sp1). DBA did not induce major changes in Sp1 mRNA and promoter activity. Furthermore, inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide demonstrated that DBA decreased Sp1 protein stability, but DBA did not attenuate phosphorylation of eIF4E. DBA also increased Bim and truncated Bid (t-Bid) via Sp1. Finally, DBA exhibited significant anti-tumor activity in athymic nude mice xenografts bearing MC-3 cells by regulating Sp1, Bim and t-Bid without any systemic toxicity. CONCLUSION These results elucidate a crucial apoptotic mechanism of DBA and suggest that DBA may be a potent anticancer drug candidate for MEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heang-Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sun Choi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 314-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jo You
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Centre, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-Han Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Brain Korea 21 Project, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Lee KA, Lee SH, Lee YJ, Baeg SM, Shim JH. Hesperidin Induces Apoptosis by Inhibiting Sp1 and Its Regulatory Protein in MSTO-211H Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:273-9. [PMID: 24130923 PMCID: PMC3794523 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin, a flavanone present in citrus fruits, has been studied as potential therapeutic agents that have anti-tumor activity and apoptotic effects in several cancers, but there is no report about the apoptotic effect of hesperidin in human malignant pleural mesothelioma through the specificity protein 1 (Sp1) protein. We investigated whether hesperidin inhibited cell growth and regulated Sp1 target proteins by suppressing the levels of Sp1 protein in MSTO-211H cells. The IC50 value of hesperidin was determined to be 152.3 μM in MSTO-211H cells for 48 h. Our results suggested that hesperidin (0-160 μM) decreased cell viability, and induced apoptotic cell death. Hesperidin increased Sub-G1 population in MSTO-211H cells. Hesperidin significantly suppressed mRNA/protein level of Sp1 and modulated the expression level of the Sp1 regulatory protein such as p27, p21, cyclin D1, Mcl-1, and survivin in mesothelioma cells. Also, hesperidin induced apoptotic signaling including: cleavages of Bid, caspase-3, and PARP, upregulation of Bax, and down-regulation of Bcl-xl in mesothelioma cells. These results show that hesperidin suppressed mesothelioma cell growth through inhibition of Sp1. In this study, we demonstrated that Sp1 acts as a novel molecular target of hesperidin in human malignant pleural mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University
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Lee HE, Choi ES, Shin JA, Kim LH, Cho NP, Cho SD. Apoptotic effect of methanol extract of Picrasma quassioides by regulating specificity protein 1 in human cervical cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:229-35. [PMID: 24037733 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the effects of methanol extracts of Picrasma quassioides (MEPQ) on apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells. The results showed that MEPQ decreased the viability and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in HEp-2 cells. MEPQ decreased specificity protein 1 (Sp1) in HEp-2 cells, whereas Sp1 mRNA was not changed. We found that MEPQ reduced Sp1 protein through proteasome-dependent protein degradation, but not the inhibition of protein synthesis. Also, MEPQ increased the expressions of Bad and truncated Bid (t-Bid) but did not alter other Bcl-2 family members. The knock-down of Sp1 by both Sp1 interfering RNA and Mithramycin A, Sp1 specific inhibitor clearly increased Bad and t-Bid expression to decrease cell viability and induce apoptosis. In addition, MEPQ inhibited cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death through the modulation of Sp1 in KB cells. These results suggest that MEPQ may be a potential anticancer agent for human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Eun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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KIM DONGWOOK, KO SEONMI, JEON YOUNGJOO, NOH YOUNGWOOCK, CHOI NAGJIN, CHO SUNGDAE, MOON HONGSEOP, CHO YOUNGSIK, SHIN JAECHEN, PARK SEONMIN, SEO KANGSEOK, CHOI JIYOUNG, CHAE JUNGIL, SHIM JUNGHYUN. Anti-proliferative effect of honokiol in oral squamous cancer through the regulation of specificity protein 1. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1103-10. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Xiong J, Che X, Li X, Yu H, Gong Z, Li W. Cloning and characterization of the human USP22 gene promoter. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52716. [PMID: 23300749 PMCID: PMC3530469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific processing enzyme 22 (USP22) plays a direct role in regulating cell cycle, and its overexpression has been reported to be involved in tumor progression. However, little is known about the regulation of USP22 transcription. In this study, we cloned and characterized the human USP22 promoter. Using 5' RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) analysis, the transcriptional initiation site was identified. Promoter deletion analysis showed that the sequence between -210 and -7 contains the basal promoter for USP22 in human fibroblast and tumor cells. Surprisingly, mutations in a putative Sp1 binding site immediately upstream of the USP22 transcriptional start site (-13 to -7) resulted in a significant induction of promoter activity. Further study revealed that Sp1 binds to this site in human normal fibroblast cells, and treatment with the Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin A led to a marked increase in USP22 transcript levels. Forced expression of exogenous Sp1 repressed the USP22 promoter activity in HeLa cells. In contrast, knockdown of Sp1 enhanced USP22 promoter activity and mRNA levels. These data suggest that Sp1 is a crucial regulator of USP22 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Xiong
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi for the Systems Bio-medicine, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xiangxin Che
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi for the Systems Bio-medicine, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Huan Yu
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhen Gong
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi for the Systems Bio-medicine, Jiujiang, China
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Lee KA, Chae JI, Shim JH. Natural diterpenes from coffee, cafestol and kahweol induce apoptosis through regulation of specificity protein 1 expression in human malignant pleural mesothelioma. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:60. [PMID: 22734486 PMCID: PMC3431247 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive cancer with a very poor prognosis. Several clinical studies such as immunotherapy, gene therapy and molecular targeting agents have been tried for treatment of malignant mesothelioma, however, there is no application for effective clinical treatment. Coffee has various biological functions such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic activities. The therapeutic activities of the bioactive compounds in coffee was sugested to influence intracellular signaling of MPM. Regarding to the cancer-related functions, In this study, suppression of Sp1 protein level followed by induction of MSTO-211H cell apoptosis by cafestol and kahweol were investigated in oreder to determine Sp1's potential as a significant target for human MPM therapy as well. Methods Cells were treated separately with final concentration of cafestol and kahweol and the results were analyzed by MTS assay, DAPI staining, PI staining, luciferase assay, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting. Results Viability of MSTO-211H and H28 cells were decreased, and apoptotic cell death was increased in MSTO-211H as a result of cafestol and kahweol treatment. Cafestol and kahweol increased Sub-G1 population and nuclear condensation in MSTO-211H cells. Roles of Sp1 in cell proliferation and apoptosis of the MSTO-211H cells by the Sp1 inhibitor of Mithramycin A were previously confirmed. Cafestol and kahweol significantly suppressed Sp1 protein levels. Kahweol slightly attenuated Sp1 mRNA, while Cafestol did not affect in MSTO-211H cells. Cafestol and kahweol modulated the promoter activity and protein expression level of the Sp1 regulatory genes including Cyclin D1, Mcl-1, and Survivin in mesothelioma cells. Apoptosis signaling cascade was activated by cleavages of Bid, Caspase-3, and PARP with cafestol and by upregulation of Bax, and downregulation of Bcl-xl by kahweol. Conclusions Sp1 can be a novel molecular target of cafestol and kahweol in human MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Ssangyong-dong, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, Choongnam 331-090, Republic of Korea
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