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Ho VWT, Chua KY, Song X, Jin A, Koh WP. Reproductive factors and risk of physical frailty among Chinese women living in Singapore. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100226. [PMID: 38593634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
SETTING Although age at menopause has been linked to higher risk of physical frailty in later life, little is known about other reproductive factors. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to investigate the associations between 1) age at menarche, 2) age at natural menopause, 3) duration of reproductive period, 4) number of children, 5) use of oral contraceptives (OCP), and 6) use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with the risk of physical frailty in late life. DESIGN We used data from 5934 women of the Singapore Chinese Health Study who experienced natural menopause, and participated in the third follow-up interviews when physical frailty was assessed. Logistic regression was used to evaluate association of reproductive factors evaluated during baseline and prior follow-up interviews with physical frailty at follow-up 3. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling Chinese women living in Singapore. Participants had a mean age of 52.6 years at baseline (1993-1998), and a mean age of 72.8 years during the third follow-up (2014-2017). MEASUREMENTS Sociodemographic characteristics, level of education, smoking history, physical activity, and history of physician-diagnosed comorbidities were collected. Participants' weight and height were self-reported. We used a modified Cardiovascular Health Study phenotype to assess physical frailty. RESULTS Age at menarche was inversely associated with the likelihood of physical frailty (Ptrend = 0.001); each one-year decrease in age at menarche was associated with a 9% increase (95% CI: 4%-14%) in odds of physical frailty. Age at menopause was also inversely associated with the likelihood of physical frailty (Ptrend = 0.009); every one-year decrease in age at menopause was associated with 2% (0%-4%) increased odds. In the assessment of frailty, younger ages at menarche and menopause were associated with greater likelihood of being in the slowest quintile for timed up-and-go and weakest quintile for handgrip strength. Conversely, duration of reproductive period, parity, and use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy were not significantly associated with the likelihood of physical frailty. CONCLUSIONS In our population-based cohort of Chinese women, younger ages at menarche and menopause were associated with higher likelihood of physical frailty in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda W T Ho
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Kevin Yiqiang Chua
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xingyue Song
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Aizhen Jin
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
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Laue HE, Lanphear BP, Calafat AM, Cecil KM, Chen A, Xu Y, Kalkwarf HJ, Madan JC, Karagas MR, Yolton K, Fleisch AF, Braun JM. Time-varying associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with pubertal and adrenarchal outcomes in early adolescence. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e305. [PMID: 38617430 PMCID: PMC11008648 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Triclosan is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, but associations with pubertal outcomes remain unclear. We examined associations of gestational and childhood triclosan with adolescent hormone concentrations and pubertal stage. Methods We quantified urinary triclosan concentrations twice during pregnancy and seven times between birth and 12 years in participants recruited from Cincinnati, OH (2003-2006). We averaged concentrations across pregnancy and childhood and separately considered individual exposure periods in multiple informant models. At 12 years, we measured serum hormone concentrations (males [n = 72] and females [n = 84]-dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone; males-testosterone; females-estradiol). Also at age 12 years, participants self-reported physical development and menarchal timing. We estimated associations (95% confidence interval) of triclosan with hormone concentrations, more advanced physical development, and age at menarche. Results For females, each doubling of childhood triclosan was associated with 16% lower estradiol concentrations (-29%, 0%), with stronger associations for measures closer to adolescence. We found suggestive evidence that higher triclosan at any age was associated with ~10% (for gestational triclosan: -18%, -2%) lower follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations among males and early postnatal (1-3 years) triclosan was associated with 63% (5%, 96%) lower odds of advanced pubic hair development in females. In multiple informant models, each doubling of gestational triclosan concentrations was associated with 5% (0%, 9%) earlier age at menarche, equivalent to 5.5 months. Conclusion Gestational and childhood triclosan concentrations were related to some pubertal outcomes including hormone concentrations and age at menarche. Our findings highlight the relevance of elucidating potential sex-specific and time-dependent actions of triclosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Laue
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kim M. Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Heidi J. Kalkwarf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Juliette C. Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Abby F. Fleisch
- Center for Interdisciplinary and Population Health Research, Maine Institute for Research, Portland, Maine
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Pereira A, Garmendia ML, Leiva V, Corvalán C, Michels KB, Shepherd J. Breast composition during and after puberty: the Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:45. [PMID: 38475816 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast density (BD) is a strong risk factor for breast cancer. Little is known about how BD develops during puberty. Understanding BD trajectories during puberty and its determinants could be crucial for promoting preventive actions against breast cancer (BC) at early ages. The objective of this research is to characterize % fibroglandular volume (%FGV), absolute fibroglandular volume (AFGV), and breast volume (BV) at different breast Tanner stages until 4-year post menarche in a Latino cohort and to assess determinants of high %FGV and AFGV during puberty and in a fully mature breast. METHODS This is a longitudinal follow-up of 509 girls from low-middle socioeconomic status of the Southeast area of Santiago, recruited at a mean age of 3.5 years. The inclusion criteria were singleton birth born, birthweight between 2500 and 4500 g with no medical or mental disorder. A trained dietitian measured weight and height since 3.5 years old and sexual maturation from 8 years old (breast Tanner stages and age at menarche onset). Using standardized methods, BD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in various developmental periods (breast Tanner stage B1 until 4 years after menarche onset). RESULTS In the 509 girls, we collected 1,442 breast DXA scans; the mean age at Tanner B4 was 11.3 years. %FGV increased across breast Tanner stages and peaked 250 days after menarche. AFGV and BV peaked 2 years after menarche onset. Girls in the highest quartiles of %FGV, AFGV, and BV at Tanner B4 and B5 before menarche onset had the highest values thereafter until 4 years after menarche onset. The most important determinants of %FGV and AFGV variability were BMI z-score (R2 = 44%) and time since menarche (R2 = 42%), respectively. CONCLUSION We characterize the breast development during puberty, a critical window of susceptibility. Although the onset of menarche is a key milestone for breast development, we observed that girls in the highest quartiles of %FGV and AFGV tracked in that group afterwards. Following these participants in adulthood would be of interest to understand the changes in breast composition during this period and its potential link with BC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Valeria Leiva
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John Shepherd
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program (Cancer Epidemiology), University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Chen Y, Zhang M, Wang G, Hong X, Wang X, Mueller NT. Mother's age at menarche is associated with odds of preterm delivery: A case-control study. BJOG 2024; 131:424-432. [PMID: 37661294 PMCID: PMC10872971 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a secular trend towards earlier age of menarche in the US and globally. Earlier age at menarche (AAM) has been associated with metabolic disorders that increase risk for preterm delivery (PTD), yet no studies in the US have investigated whether AAM influences risk of PTD. This study tested the hypothesis that AAM is associated with PTD. DESIGN A case-control study. SETTING The Boston Medical Center (BMC) in Boston, Massachusetts. POPULATION OR SAMPLE 8264 mother-newborn dyads enrolled at birth at BMC between 1998 and 2019, of which 2242 mothers had PTD (cases) and 6022 did not have PTD (controls). METHODS Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to examine the association between AAM and risk of PTD. The combined impact of AAM and age at delivery on the risk of PTD was also examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Preterm delivery and gestational age (GA) was defined by maternal last menstrual period and early ultrasound documented in medical records. RESULTS Maternal age at delivery was 28.1 ± 6.5 years and AAM was 12.85 ± 1.86 years. Multivariable-adjusted cubic spline suggested an inverse dose-response association of AAM with odds of PTD and, consistently, a positive association with GA. A 1-year earlier AAM was associated with 5% (95% CI 2%-8%) higher odds of PTD, after adjustment for maternal year of birth, parity, maternal place of birth, education, smoking status and Mediterranean-style diet score. The association between AAM and PTD was stronger among older mothers whose age at delivery was ≥35 years. CONCLUSIONS Earlier AAM is associated with higher odds for PTD, and this association is stronger among women at advanced reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity & Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Guoying Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiumei Hong
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Noel T. Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity & Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Kajihara N, Ge Y, Seino KI. Blocking of oestrogen signals improves anti-tumour effect regardless of oestrogen receptor alpha expression in cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:935-946. [PMID: 37537255 PMCID: PMC10491758 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-oestrogenic therapy has been used for breast cancer patients with oestrogen susceptibility cancer cells. However, little has been known about its potential role for immune cell biology within TME, particularly in cancer patients without oestrogen sensitivity of tumour cells. Therefore, we aimed to study the effect of oestrogen on immunity within TME. METHODS Using a clinical dataset, immune cells of humans and mice, female mice with and without ovaries, and several murine ERα-negative cancer cell lines, we evaluated the effect of oestrogen on immunity in TME. RESULTS Clinical data analysis suggested oestrogen's suppressive efficacy against CTLs. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed intra-tumoural CTLs' direct repressive action by oestrogen in both mice and humans; blockade of oestrogen signals cancelled its immunosuppression resulting in tumour growth reduction in vivo. Most notably, immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor; ICI) combined with anti-oestrogenic therapy exhibited a dramatic anti-tumour effect. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel insights into how oestrogen contributes to tumour progression and a therapeutic rationale for blocking oestrogen signalling to boost the anti-tumour effect of ICI, regardless of tumour cells' ERα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Kajihara
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yunqi Ge
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Seino
- Division of Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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Choi J, Ha TW, Choi HM, Lee HB, Shin HC, Chung W, Han W. Development of a Breast Cancer Risk Prediction Model Incorporating Polygenic Risk Scores and Nongenetic Risk Factors for Korean Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1182-1189. [PMID: 37310812 PMCID: PMC10472098 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To develop a breast cancer prediction model for Korean women using published polygenic risk scores (PRS) combined with nongenetic risk factors (NGRF). METHODS Thirteen PRS models generated from single or multiple combinations of the Asian and European PRSs were evaluated among 20,434 Korean women. The AUC and increase in OR per SD were compared for each PRS. The PRSs with the highest predictive power were combined with NGRFs; then, an integrated prediction model was established using the Individualized Coherent Absolute Risk Estimation (iCARE) tool. The absolute breast cancer risk was stratified for 18,142 women with available follow-up data. RESULTS PRS38_ASN+PRS190_EB, a combination of Asian and European PRSs, had the highest AUC (0.621) among PRSs, with an OR per SD increase of 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 1.31-1.61). Compared with the average risk group (35%-65%), women in the top 5% had a 2.5-fold higher risk of breast cancer. Incorporating NGRFs yielded a modest increase in the AUC of women ages >50 years. For PRS38_ASN+PRS190_EB+NGRF, the average absolute risk was 5.06%. The lifetime absolute risk at age 80 years for women in the top 5% was 9.93%, whereas that of women in the lowest 5% was 2.22%. Women at higher risks were more sensitive to NGRF incorporation. CONCLUSIONS Combined Asian and European PRSs were predictive of breast cancer in Korean women. Our findings support the use of these models for personalized screening and prevention of breast cancer. IMPACT Our study provides insights into genetic susceptibility and NGRFs for predicting breast cancer in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Choi
- Department of General Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Han-Byoel Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- DCGen, Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Chul Shin
- DCGen, Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Wonshik Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- DCGen, Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Melnik BC, John SM, Carrera-Bastos P, Cordain L, Leitzmann C, Weiskirchen R, Schmitz G. The Role of Cow's Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:122-140. [PMID: 36729355 PMCID: PMC9974716 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review evaluates cow milk's impact on breast carcinogenesis by linking recent epidemiological evidence and new insights into the molecular signaling of milk and its constituents in breast cancer (BCa) pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent prospective cohort studies support the association between cow's milk consumption and the risk of estrogen receptor-α-positive (ER+) BCa. Milk is a complex biological fluid that increases systemic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and estrogen signaling, and interacting hormonal promoters of BCa. Further potential oncogenic components of commercial milk include exosomal microRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p), bovine meat and milk factors, aflatoxin M1, bisphenol A, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics. Individuals with BRCA1 loss-of-function mutations and FTO and IGF1 gain-of-function polymorphisms enhancing IGF-1/mTORC1 signaling may be at increased risk for milk-induced ER+ BCa. Recent prospective epidemiological and pathobiochemical studies identify commercial milk consumption as a critical risk factor of ER+ BCa. Large meta-analyses gathering individuals of different ethnic origins with milk derived from dairy cows of varying genetic backgrounds and diverse feeding procedures as well as missing data on thermal processing of milk (pasteurization versus ultra-heat treatment) make multi-national meta-analyses unsuitable for BCa risk estimations in susceptible populations. Future studies are required that consider all vulnerable periods of breast carcinogenesis to cow's milk exposure, beginning during the perinatal period and puberty, since these are the most critical periods of mammary gland morphogenesis. Notwithstanding the need for better studies including detailed information on milk processing and vulnerable periods of human breast carcinogenesis, the available evidence suggests that dietary guidelines on milk consumption may have to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076, Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology (NIB), Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Nutrición (CEAN), 11007, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Claus Leitzmann
- Institute of Nutrition, University of Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, University of Regensburg, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Hua X, Zhu QW, Zhang YN, Cao L, Wang MD, Gao YS, Chen JY. The prognostic significance of human ovarian aging-related signature in breast cancer after surgery: A multicohort study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139797. [PMID: 36960071 PMCID: PMC10027938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that ovarian aging is strongly associated with the risk of breast cancer, however, its prognostic impact on breast cancer is not yet fully understood. In this study, we performed a multicohort genetic analysis to explore its prognostic value and biological features in breast cancer. Methods The gene expression and clinicopathological data of 3366 patients from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort and the GSE86166 cohort were analyzed. A total of 290 ovarian aging-related genes (OARGs) were included in the establishment of the prognostic model. Furthermore, functional mechanisms analysis, drug sensitivity, and immune cell infiltration were investigated using bioinformatic methods. Results An eight OARG-based signature was established and validated using independent cohorts. Two risk subgroups of patients with distinct survival outcomes were identified by the OARG-based signature. A nomogram with good predictive performance was developed by integrating the OARG risk score with clinicopathological factors. Moreover, the OARG-based signature was correlated with DNA damage repair, immune cell signaling pathways, and immunomodulatory functions. The patients in the low-risk subgroup were found to be sensitive to traditional chemotherapeutic, endocrine, and targeted agents (doxorubicin, tamoxifen, lapatinib, etc.) and some novel targeted drugs (sunitinib, pazopanib, etc.). Moreover, patients in the low-risk subgroup may be more susceptible to immune escape and therefore respond less effectively to immunotherapy. Conclusions In this study, we proposed a comprehensive analytical method for breast cancer assessment based on OARG expression patterns, which could precisely predict clinical outcomes and drug sensitivity of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hua
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Wei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Nuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Di Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jia-Yi Chen,
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9
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Jia L, Lv W, Liang L, Ma Y, Ma X, Zhang S, Zhao Y. The Causal Effect of Reproductive Factors on Breast Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:347. [PMID: 36615147 PMCID: PMC9820938 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that female reproductive factors are associated with breast cancer (BC), but the results differ. We conducted two-sample MR in the present work. The raw data applied in the MR study were all from the Genome-wide association study (GWAS) database. The causal effect of reproductive factors on breast cancer were mainly estimated by the standard inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Cochran's Q test and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. The pleiotropy was evaluated by MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO. Finally, the leave-one-out analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of the MR results. We found that there was a negative causal effect of the age at last live birth on BC (OR = 0.687, 95%CI = 0.539-0.875, p = 0.002) and positive effect of the age at menopause on BC (OR = 1.054, 95%CI = 1.034-1.075, p = 8.010 × 10-8). Additionally, there were null effects of the age at menarche (OR = 0.977, 95%CI = 0.915-1.043, p = 0.484), the age at first sexual intercourse (OR = 1.053, 95%CI = 0.958-1.157, p = 0.284) and the age at first birth (OR = 0.981, 95%CI = 0.936-1.027, p = 0.404) on BC. All these results were reliable and stable. In conclusion, the present study showed that younger age at last birth and older age at menopause could increase the risk of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yonglin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi’an 710004, China
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Ekwuocha I, Pereira A, Corvalán C, Michels KB, Gaskins AJ. Dietary Iron Intake in Relation to Age at Menarche: A Prospective Cohort Study in Chilean Girls. J Nutr 2023; 153:253-259. [PMID: 36913459 PMCID: PMC10196559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early onset of menarche is considered an important risk factor for a number of diseases in adulthood. Iron intake may be related to pubertal timing because of its role in childhood growth and reproductive function. OBJECTIVE We investigated the relation between dietary iron intake and age at menarche in a prospective cohort of Chilean girls. METHODS Overall, 602 Chilean girls were included in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study, a longitudinal study that began in 2006 when the girls were 3-4 y old. Starting in 2013, diet was assessed every 6 mo through 24-h recall. The date of menarche was reported every 6 mo. Our analysis included 435 girls with prospective data on diet and age at menarche. We used a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model with restricted cubic splines to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for the association between cumulative mean iron intake and age at menarche. RESULTS Most girls (99.5%) attained menarche with a mean (standard deviation) age at menarche of 12.2 (0.9) y. The mean dietary iron intake was 13.5 (range: 4.0-30.6) mg/d. Only 3.7% of girls consumed below 8 mg/d, the RDA. After multivariable adjustment, cumulative mean iron intake had a nonlinear association with menarche (P-for-nonlinearity: 0.02). Iron intakes above the RDA, between 8 and 15 mg/d, were associated with progressively lower probability of earlier menarche. Above 15 mg/d, the HRs were imprecise but tended to approach the null as iron intake increased. This association was attenuated after adjusting for girls' BMI and height before menarche (P-for-nonlinearity: 0.11). CONCLUSION In Chilean girls, iron intake during late childhood, independent of body weight, was not an important determinant of menarche timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Ekwuocha
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ana Pereira
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Corvalán
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karin B Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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11
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Tsai MC, Lee YL, Chen YC. Association of the consumption of common drinks with early puberty in both sexes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:854477. [PMID: 36536777 PMCID: PMC9758723 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.854477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the effect of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and common drink intake on pubertal development in both sexes. Methods Data were retrieved from Taiwan Children Health Study, which involved detailed pubertal stage assessments of 2,819 schoolchildren aged 11 years in 2011-2012. Drawings of secondary sexual characteristics and self-reported age at menarche or voice breaking were used to assess pubertal stages. Dietary intake was assessed using a detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Generalized estimating equation modeling was applied to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to represent the effects of each drink on early pubertal development outcomes. Results In boys, an one cup/day increment of a SSB was associated with earlier voice breaking (β = -0.12; 95% CI = -0.20, -0.04), whereas consuming yogurt (≥2 cups/day) was a protective factor against early puberty (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.73, 0.83). In girls, SSB consumption was associated with increased risk of early puberty in a dose-response manner, and a similar protective effect of yogurt consumption and fermented probiotic drink (≥2 cups/day) against early puberty was observed (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.94, 0.99). Furthermore, the intake of both total sugar and added sugar within SSBs increased risk of early puberty in girls but not in boys. Conclusions Sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with early puberty, and probiotic drinks appeared to mitigate this link. These findings indicate that the gut-brain axis could play a crucial role in sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Che Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yungling Leo Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan,College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Yungling Leo Lee
| | - Yang Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Yang Ching Chen
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Maurya AP, Brahmachari S. Association of hormonal and reproductive risk factors with breast cancer in Indian women: A systematic review of case-control studies. Indian J Cancer 2022; 0:358396. [PMID: 36861707 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_271_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of breast cancer in India has seen a rapid increase in recent years. Hormonal and reproductive risk factors for breast cancer have been affected by socioeconomic development. Studies on breast cancer risk factors in India are limited by the small sample size and specific geographical area. The current systematic review was carried out to assess the association of hormonal and reproductive risk factors with breast cancer in Indian women. A systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane database of systematic reviews were done. Relevant case-control studies published in peer-reviewed indexed journals were analyzed for hormonal risk factors such as age at menarche, menopause, and first childbirth; breastfeeding; abortion; and oral contraceptive pills use. Younger age (<13 years) at menarche was associated with high risk (odds ratio 1.23-3.72). Other hormonal risk factors with strong association were age at first childbirth and menopause, parity, and duration of breastfeeding. Abortion and the use of contraceptive pills did not have a clear association with breast cancer. Hormonal risk factors have a higher association in premenopausal disease and estrogen receptor-positive tumors. There is a strong association between hormonal and reproductive risk factors and breast cancer in Indian women. The protective effect of breastfeeding is related to the cumulative duration of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet P Maurya
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swagata Brahmachari
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Prognostic significance of age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status in patients with stage III-IV upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Actas Urol Esp 2022; 46:413-422. [PMID: 35717441 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the trend of incidence and survival stratified by age, race, gender and SES and the differences in time between groups in stage III-IV upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients. METHODS 7,505 stage III-IV UTUC patients between 2004 and 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The overall survival (OS) and the cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test as well as multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Among the 7,505 patients, 3,584 were classified as young, 2,464 were classified as middle-aged, and 1,461 were classified as elderly. The years of diagnosis were divided into three periods including 2004-2007, 2008-2011 and 2012-2015. The incidence rates for UTUC were 0.69, 0.74, and 0.77 per 100,000 in the first, second, and third period, respectively. Disparities in the long-term survival rate between male and female patients and among patients of different races narrowed over time. There was no difference in prognosis between races (p = 0.078 for OS and p = 0.167 for CSS). The difference in survival rate between the poor and rich groups narrowed along with the three time periods. CONCLUSIONS Survival rate disparities according to sex, race, and socioeconomic status narrowed in time, except in patients aged 74-82 years. Increased age, black race, and poverty are associated with worse survival outcomes. In general, the long-term survival rate improved continuously across the three periods.
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He L, Michailidou F, Gahlon HL, Zeng W. Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:901-915. [PMID: 35666914 PMCID: PMC9214764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Given the worldwide popularity of hair dyeing, there is an urgent need to understand the toxicities and risks associated with exposure to chemicals found in hair dye formulations. Hair dyes are categorized as oxidative and nonoxidative in terms of their chemical composition and ingredients. For several decades, the expert panel's Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has assessed the safety of many of the chemicals used in hair dyes; however, a comprehensive review of hair dye ingredients and the risk of exposure to hair dyeing has not been documented. Herein, we review the safety of the various chemicals in oxidative and nonoxidative hair dyes, toxicities associated with hair dyeing, and the carcinogenic risks related to hair dyeing. While many compounds are considered safe for users at the concentrations in hair dyes, there are conflicting data about a large number of hair dye formulations. The CIR expert panel has ratified a number of coloring ingredients for hair dyes and banned a series of chemicals as carcinogenic to animals and unsafe for this application. The use of these chemicals as raw materials for producing hair dyes may result in the synthesis of other contaminants with potential toxicities and increased risk of carcinogenesis. It is an open question whether personal or occupational hair dyeing increases the risk of cancer; however, in specific subpopulations, a positive association between hair dye use and cancer occurrence has been reported. To address this question, a better understanding of the chemical and mechanistic basis of the reported toxicities of hair dye mixtures and individual hair dye ingredients is needed. It is anticipated that in-depth chemical and systems toxicology studies harnessing modern and emerging techniques can shed light on this public health concern in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, SAR, China
| | - Freideriki Michailidou
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.,Collegium Helveticum, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) of the University of Zurich, ETH Zurich and Zurich University of the Arts, Schmelzbergstrasse 25, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hailey L Gahlon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Weibin Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
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15
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Zhang M, Qiao J, Zhang S, Zeng P. Exploring the association between birthweight and breast cancer using summary statistics from a perspective of genetic correlation, mediation, and causality. J Transl Med 2022; 20:227. [PMID: 35568861 PMCID: PMC9107660 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated a positive relationship between birthweight and breast cancer; however, inconsistent, sometimes even controversial, observations also emerged, and the nature of such relationship remains unknown. METHODS Using summary statistics of birthweight and breast cancer, we assessed the fetal/maternal-specific genetic correlation between them via LDSC and prioritized fetal/maternal-specific pleiotropic genes through MAIUP. Relying on summary statistics we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the fetal/maternal-specific origin of causal relationship between birthweight, age of menarche, age at menopause and breast cancer. RESULTS With summary statistics we identified a positive genetic correlation between fetal-specific birthweight and breast cancer (rg = 0.123 and P = 0.013) as well as a negative but insignificant correlation between maternal-specific birthweight and breast cancer (rg = - 0.068, P = 0.206); and detected 84 pleiotropic genes shared by fetal-specific birthweight and breast cancer, 49 shared by maternal-specific birthweight and breast cancer. We also revealed fetal-specific birthweight indirectly influenced breast cancer risk in adulthood via the path of age of menarche or age at menopause in terms of MR-based mediation analysis. CONCLUSION This study reveals that shared genetic foundation and causal mediation commonly drive the connection between the two traits, and that fetal/maternal-specific birthweight plays substantially distinct roles in such relationship. However, our work offers little supportive evidence for the fetal origins hypothesis of breast cancer originating in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahao Qiao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Khan MA, Siddiqui MQ, Kuligina E, Varma AK. Evaluation of conformational transitions of h-BRCA2 functional domain and unclassified variant Arg2502Cys using multimodal approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:716-724. [PMID: 35413318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility (BRCA2) protein plays an essential role in the repair mechanism of DNA double-strand breaks and interstrand cross-links by Homologous recombination. Germline mutations identified in the BRCA2 gene confer an increased risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. Missense mutations are identified all over the gene, including the DNA binding region of BRCA2 that interacts with FANCD2. However, the majority of these missense mutations are classified as 'Variants of Uncertain Significance' due to a lack of structural, functional and clinical correlations. Therefore, multi-disciplinary in-silico, in-vitro and biophysical approaches have been explored to characterize an unclassified missense mutation, BRCA2 Arg2502Cys, identified from a case-control study. Circular-dichroism and Fluorescence spectroscopy show that the Arg2502Cys mutation in hBRCA2 (residues 2350-2545) decreases the α-helical/β-sheet propensity of the wild-type protein and perturb the tertiary structure conformation. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed alteration in the intramolecular H-bonds, overall compactness and stability of the hydrophobic core were observed in the mutant protein. Principle component analysis indicated that Arg2502Cys mutant exhibited comparatively large conformational transitions and periodic fluctuation. Therefore, to our conclusion, BRCA2 Arg2502Cys mutant perturbed the structural integrity and conformational dynamics of BRCA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Ali Khan
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - M Quadir Siddiqui
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Present address: Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Kuligina
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, RU-197758, Pesochny-2, St.-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ashok K Varma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
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17
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Byun D, Hong S, Ryu S, Nam Y, Jang H, Cho Y, Keum N, Oh H. Early-life body mass index and risks of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:664-672. [PMID: 34773099 PMCID: PMC8854408 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence for the associations between early-life adiposity and female cancer risks is mixed. Little is known about the exact shape of the relationships and whether the associations are independent of adult adiposity. METHODS We conducted dose-response meta-analyses of prospective studies to summarise the relationships of early-life body mass index (BMI) with breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer risks. Pubmed and Embase were searched through June 2020 to identify relevant studies. Using random-effects models, the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated per 5-kg/m2 increase in BMI at ages ≤ 25 years. A nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis was conducted using restricted cubic spline analysis. RESULTS After screening 33,948 publications, 37 prospective studies were included in this analysis. The summary RRs associated with every 5-kg/m2 increase in early-life BMI were 0.84 (95% CI = 0.81-0.87) for breast, 1.40 (95% CI = 1.25-1.57) for endometrial, and 1.15 (95% CI = 1.07-1.23) for ovarian cancers. For breast cancer, the association remained statistically significant after adjustment for adult BMI (RR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.73-0.87). For premenopausal breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, the dose-response curves suggested evidence of nonlinearity. CONCLUSIONS With early-life adiposity, our data support an inverse association with breast cancer and positive associations with ovarian and endometrial cancer risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Byun
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SungEun Hong
- grid.255168.d0000 0001 0671 5021Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seaun Ryu
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonju Nam
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajin Jang
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonkyoung Cho
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - NaNa Keum
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, BostonMA, USA.
| | - Hannah Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Significación pronóstica de la edad, el sexo, la raza y el nivel socioeconómico en pacientes con carcinoma urotelial del tracto urinario superior en estadio III-IV. Actas Urol Esp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Al-Taiar A, Al-Sabah R, Shaban L, Sharaf Alddin R, Durgampudi PK, Galadima H. Is age of menarche directly related to vitamin D levels? Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23731. [PMID: 35179273 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Very few studies have examined the direct link between age of menarche and vitamin D level and controversial results have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D and age of menarche in a group of adolescent girls in an area with plenty of sunshine. METHODS At baseline, data were collected on 722 middle schoolgirls that were randomly selected by probability proportional to size sampling method. Of this group, 598 were followed including 173 who had their menarche during the follow-up. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was measured at baseline using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Data on potential confounders were collected at baseline from the parents using self-administered questionnaire and from schoolgirls through face-to-face interview. Multiple linear regression and time-to-event analysis were used to investigate the association between 25OHD concentration and age of menarche. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of the study group was 12.51 (0.91) years while the main (SD) age of menarche was 11.82 (1.04) years. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) among schoolgirls was 91.69%. We found no evidence for the association between 25OHD levels and age of menarche before (β, .00, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.01, 0.01]; p = .808) or after (β, .00, 95% CI [-0.01, 0.01]; p = .765) adjusting for potential confounders. We also found no evidence for association between 25OHD status and age of menarche before (p = .424) or after (p = .356) adjusting for potential confounders. Time-to-event analysis showed no association between 25OHD level or status and age of menarche (p = .850). CONCLUSION In Middle Eastern setting, where vitamin D deficiency is common despite plenty of sunshine, vitamin D is not a major determinant of the age at menarche. Regardless of the link between vitamin D and age of menarche, there are several other health benefits of having adequate vitamin D level during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-Taiar
- School of Community & Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Reem Al-Sabah
- Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Lemia Shaban
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Reem Sharaf Alddin
- School of Community & Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Praveen K Durgampudi
- School of Community & Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Hadiza Galadima
- School of Community & Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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20
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Hipp LE, Hulswit BB, Milliron KJ. Clinical Tools and Counseling Considerations for Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Evaluation for Hereditary Cancer Risk. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 82:12-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Carwile JL, Seshasayee SM, Aris IM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Claus Henn B, Calafat AM, Sagiv SK, Oken E, Fleisch AF. Prospective associations of mid-childhood plasma per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and pubertal timing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 156:106729. [PMID: 34171588 PMCID: PMC8380705 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may disrupt pubertal timing. Higher PFAS plasma concentrations have been associated with later pubertal timing in girls, but cross-sectional findings may be explained by reverse causation. OBJECTIVES To assess prospective associations between PFAS plasma concentrations in mid-childhood and markers of pubertal timing in male and female adolescents. METHODS We studied 640 children in Project Viva, a Boston-area prospective cohort. We examined associations of plasma concentrations of 6 PFAS measured at mean 7.9 (SD 0.8) years (2007-2010) with markers of pubertal timing. Parents reported a 5-item pubertal development score at early adolescence (mean 13.1 (SD 0.8) years) and reported age at menarche annually. We calculated age at peak height velocity using research and clinical measures of height. We used sex-specific linear and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate associations of single PFAS with outcomes, and we used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to estimate associations of the PFAS mixture with outcomes. RESULTS Plasma concentrations were highest for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) [median (IQR) 6.4(5.6) ng/mL], followed by perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) [4.4(3.0) ng/mL]. In early adolescence, girls were further along in puberty than boys [pubertal development score mean (SD) 2.9 (0.7) for girls and 2.2(0.7) for boys; age at peak height velocity mean (SD) 11.2y (1.0) for girls and 13.1y (1.0) for boys]. PFAS was associated with later markers of pubertal timing in girls only. For example, each doubling of PFOA was associated with lower pubertal development score (-0.18 units; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.06) and older age at peak height velocity (0.23 years; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.40)]. We observed similar associations for PFOS, perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), and the PFAS mixture. PFAS plasma concentrations were not associated with age at menarche or markers of pubertal timing in boys. DISCUSSION Higher PFAS plasma concentrations in mid-childhood were associated with later onset of puberty in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Carwile
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA.
| | - Shravanthi M Seshasayee
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharon K Sagiv
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abby F Fleisch
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA; Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
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Dvornyk V, Churnosov M, Deng HW. Polymorphisms of the TNF, LTA, and TNFRSF1B genes are associated with onsets of menarche and menopause in US women of European ancestry. Ann Hum Biol 2021; 48:400-405. [PMID: 34595982 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1987519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TNF, LTA and TNFRSF1B genes have been implicated in various traits related to menarche and menopause. AIM To analyse the TNF, LTA and TNFRSF1B genes for their association with ages at menarche (AM) and natural menopause (ANM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 314 unrelated females of European ancestry. Twenty SNPs located in and near the genes were analysed using various statistical methods. In addition, the functional significance of the loci associated with AM and ANM was analysed in silico. RESULTS Locus rs2229094 of the LTA gene was associated with AM according to the additive (β = -0.295, pperm = 0.016) and recessive (β = -0.940, pperm = 0.016) genetic models. Haplotype GG rs1148459-rs590368 of the TNFRSF1B gene was associated with AM (β = 0.307, pperm = 0.023). Haplotype GCA rs2844484-rs2229094-rs1799964 was associated with ANM after adjustment for covariates (β = -1.020, pperm = 0.035). All studied loci were associated with ANM after adjustment for breastfeeding (raw p < 0.05). In addition, eight of the most significant models of interlocus interactions were associated with AM and five with ANM. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the TNF, LTA and TNFRSF1B genes are associated with AM and ANM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Dvornyk
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, Belgorod, Russia
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane Centre of Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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23
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El Sharif N, Khatib I. Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk in Palestine: A case control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2021; 74:102019. [PMID: 34482190 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early age at menarche, late age at menopause, and late age at first full-term pregnancy are linked to a modest increase in the risk of developing breast cancer (breast ca). This study aims to investigate the reproductive determinants of breast cancer among women in the West Bank of Palestine. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data in a case-control study (237 registered cases and 237 controls). A multivariate analysis model was used to adjust for the association between women's reproductive factors and breast ca risk. This study was approved by Al Quds University Ethical Research Committee and the Ministry of Health research unit. RESULTS In the multivariate analysis, menarche after 13 years of age, use of oral contraceptives for more than two months, and hormonal contraceptives use significantly doubled the risk for breast ca (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.03, 95 % CI: 1.21-4.37, p < 0.011 and AOR = 2.2, 95 % CI: 1.24-4.01, p = 0.008, respectively). Women who used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were significantly associated with higher odds (5 folds) of having breast ca versus those who did not use them (AOR 5.02, 95 % CI: 1.93-13.06, p = 0.001). Similarly, nulliparous women showed 6 times the odds of breast ca compared with women with one or more children (p = 0.005). Also, parental consanguinity marriage (AOR 2.59, 95 % CI: 1.53-4.36, p = 0.001) and positive family history (AOR 3.88, 95 % CI: 2.19-6.87, p = 0.001) of the condition can be strong determinants for breast ca in this study. CONCLUSION This study provides clear evidence that the use of reproductive hormones, whether as a birth control tool or for therapeutic purposes, must be rationalized worldwide and in Palestine in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuha El Sharif
- School of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine.
| | - Imtithal Khatib
- School of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Palestine.
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24
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Teng NMY, Price CA, McKee AM, Hall LJ, Robinson SD. Exploring the impact of gut microbiota and diet on breast cancer risk and progression. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:494-504. [PMID: 33521932 PMCID: PMC8650995 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that resident microbiota communities, that is, the microbiota, play a key role in cancer outcomes and anticancer responses. Although this has been relatively well studied in colorectal cancer and melanoma, other cancers, such as breast cancer (BrCa), have been largely overlooked to date. Importantly, many of the environmental factors associated with BrCa incidence and progression are also known to impact the microbiota, for example, diet and antibiotics. Here, we explore BrCa risk factors from large epidemiology studies and microbiota associations, and more recent studies that have directly profiled BrCa patients' gut microbiotas. We also discuss how in vivo studies have begun to unravel the immune mechanisms whereby the microbiota may influence BrCa responses, and finally we examine how diet and specific nutrients are also linked to BrCa outcomes. We also consider future research avenues and important considerations with respect to study design and implementation, and we highlight some of the important unresolved questions, which currently limit our overall understanding of the mechanisms underpinning microbiota-BrCa responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Y. Teng
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Christopher A. Price
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Alastair M. McKee
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL‐Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Stephen D. Robinson
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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25
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Searching for female reproductive aging and longevity biomarkers. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16873-16894. [PMID: 34156973 PMCID: PMC8266318 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Female reproductive aging is, in a way, a biological phenomenon that develops along canonical molecular pathways; however, it has particular features. Recent studies revealed complexity of the interconnections between reproductive aging and aging of other systems, and even suggested a cause-effect uncertainty between them. It was also shown that reproductive aging can impact aging processes in an organism at the level of cells, tissues, organs, and systems. Women at the end of their reproductive lives are characterized by the accelerated incidence of age-related diseases. Timing of the onset of menarche and menopause and variability in the duration of reproductive life carry a latent social risk: not having enough information about the reproductive potential, women keep on postponing childbirth. Identification and use of the most accurate and sensitive aging biomarkers enable the prediction of menopause timing and quantification of the true biological and reproductive ages of an organism. We discuss current views on reproductive aging and peculiarities of using available biomarkers of aging. We also consider latest advances in the search for potential genetic markers of reproductive aging. Finally, we posit the importance of determining the female biological age and highlight potential research directions in this area.
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26
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Sánchez-Cauce R, Pérez-Martín J, Luque M. Multi-input convolutional neural network for breast cancer detection using thermal images and clinical data. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 204:106045. [PMID: 33784548 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. While mammography is the most widely used screening technique for the early detection of this disease, it has several disadvantages such as radiation exposure or high economic cost. Recently, multiple authors studied the ability of machine learning algorithms for early diagnosis of breast cancer using thermal images, showing that thermography can be considered as a complementary test to mammography, or even as a primary test under certain circumstances. Moreover, although some personal and clinical data are considered risk factors of breast cancer, none of these works considered that information jointly with thermal images. METHODS We propose a novel approach for early detection of breast cancer combining thermal images of different views with personal and clinical data, building a multi-input classification model which exploits the benefits of convolutional neural networks for image analysis. First, we searched for structures using only thermal images. Next, we added the clinical data as a new branch of each of these structures, aiming to improve its performance. RESULTS We applied our method to the most widely used public database of breast thermal images, the Database for Mastology Research with Infrared Image. The best model achieves a 97% accuracy and an area under the ROC curve of 0.99, with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 83%. CONCLUSIONS After studying the impact of thermal images and personal and clinical data on multi-input convolutional neural networks for breast cancer diagnosis, we conclude that: (1) adding the lateral views to the front view improves the performance of the classification model, and (2) including personal and clinical data helps the model to recognize sick patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sánchez-Cauce
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal, 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Pérez-Martín
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal, 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Luque
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal, 16, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Hegde M, Joshi MB. Comprehensive analysis of regulation of DNA methyltransferase isoforms in human breast tumors. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:937-971. [PMID: 33604794 PMCID: PMC7954751 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significant reprogramming of epigenome is widely described during pathogenesis of breast cancer. Transformation of normal cell to hyperplastic cell and to neoplastic phenotype is associated with aberrant DNA (de)methylation, which, through promoter and enhancer methylation changes, activates oncogenes and silence tumor suppressor genes in variety of tumors including breast. DNA methylation, one of the major epigenetic mechanisms is catalyzed by evolutionarily conserved isoforms namely, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B in humans. Over the years, studies have demonstrated intricate and complex regulation of DNMT isoforms at transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. The recent findings of allosteric regulation of DNMT isoforms and regulation by other interacting chromatin modifying proteins emphasizes functional integrity and their contribution for the development of breast cancer and progression. DNMT isoforms are regulated by several intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. In the present review, we have extensively performed bioinformatics analysis of expression of DNMT isoforms along with their transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators such as transcription factors, interacting proteins, hormones, cytokines and dietary elements along with their significance during pathogenesis of breast tumors. Our review manuscript provides a comprehensive understanding of key factors regulating DNMT isoforms in breast tumor pathology and documents unsolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Planetarium Complex, Manipal, 576104, India.
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28
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Kulkarni A, Bowers LW. The role of immune dysfunction in obesity-associated cancer risk, progression, and metastasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3423-3442. [PMID: 33464384 PMCID: PMC11073382 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of and a worse prognosis for several types of cancer. A number of interrelated mediators contribute to obesity's pro-tumor effects, including chronic adipose inflammation and other perturbations of immune cell development and function. Here, we review studies examining the impact of obesity-induced immune dysfunction on cancer risk and progression. While the role of adipose tissue inflammation in obesity-associated cancer risk has been well characterized, the effects of obesity on immune cell infiltration and activity within the tumor microenvironment are not well studied. In this review, we aim to highlight the impact of both adipose-mediated inflammatory signaling and intratumoral immunosuppressive signaling in obesity-induced cancer risk, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Kulkarni
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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29
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Melnik BC. Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33803410 PMCID: PMC8000710 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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30
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McGrath IM, Mortlock S, Montgomery GW. Genetic Regulation of Physiological Reproductive Lifespan and Female Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2556. [PMID: 33806348 PMCID: PMC7961500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial genetic variation for common traits associated with reproductive lifespan and for common diseases influencing female fertility. Progress in high-throughput sequencing and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have transformed our understanding of common genetic risk factors for complex traits and diseases influencing reproductive lifespan and fertility. The data emerging from GWAS demonstrate the utility of genetics to explain epidemiological observations, revealing shared biological pathways linking puberty timing, fertility, reproductive ageing and health outcomes. The observations also identify unique genetic risk factors specific to different reproductive diseases impacting on female fertility. Sequencing in patients with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) have identified mutations in a large number of genes while GWAS have revealed shared genetic risk factors for POI and ovarian ageing. Studies on age at menopause implicate DNA damage/repair genes with implications for follicle health and ageing. In addition to the discovery of individual genes and pathways, the increasingly powerful studies on common genetic risk factors help interpret the underlying relationships and direction of causation in the regulation of reproductive lifespan, fertility and related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grant W. Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (I.M.M.); (S.M.)
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31
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Sharma M, Kundu I, Barai RS, Bhaye S, Desai K, Pokar K, Idicula-Thomas S. Enrichment analyses of diseases and pathways associated with precocious puberty using PrecocityDB. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4203. [PMID: 33602974 PMCID: PMC7893021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Precocious puberty (PP) is an important endocrine disorder affecting children globally. Several genes, SNPs and comorbidities are reported to be associated with PP; however, this data is scattered across scientific literature and has not been systematically collated and analysed. In this study, we present PrecocityDB as the first manually curated online database on genes and their ontology terms, SNPs, and pathways associated with PP. A tool for visualizing SNP coordinates and allelic variation on each chromosome, for genes associated with PP is also incorporated in PrecocityDB. Pathway enrichment analysis of PP-associated genes revealed that endocrine and cancer-related pathways are highly enriched. Disease enrichment analysis indicated that individuals with PP seem to be highly likely to suffer from reproductive and metabolic disorders such as PCOS, hypogonadism, and insulin resistance. PrecocityDB is a useful resource for identification of comorbid conditions and disease risks due to shared genes in PP. PrecocityDB is freely accessible at http://www.precocity.bicnirrh.res.in . The database source code and content can be downloaded through GitHub ( https://github.com/bic-nirrh/precocity ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Sharma
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Indra Kundu
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Ram Shankar Barai
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sameeksha Bhaye
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Karishma Desai
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Khushal Pokar
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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32
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Shirazi TN, Rosinger AY. Reproductive Health Disparities in the USA: Self-Reported Race/Ethnicity Predicts Age of Menarche and Live Birth Ratios, but Not Infertility. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2021; 8:33-46. [PMID: 32378159 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Self-identified race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) contribute to disparities in several health domains, although research on their effects on women's reproductive function has largely focused on links between SES and age of menarche. Here, we assessed whether race/ethnicity, SES, and downstream correlates of SES such as food security and health-insurance security are associated with age of menarche, infertility, and live birth ratios (ratios of recognized pregnancies resulting in live births) in the USA. We used cross-sectional data from 1694 women aged 12-18 years for menarche (2007-2016), 974 women aged 23-45 for infertility (2013-2016), and 1714 women aged 23-45 for live birth ratios (2007-2016) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We estimated multiple linear and logistic regressions with survey weights to test these associations. When controlling for lifestyle (activity levels, smoking, alcohol consumption) and physiological factors (diabetes, weight status), non-Hispanic (NH) black and Hispanic girls reported a significantly lower age of menarche by about 4.3 (standard error [SE] = 0.08, p < 0.001), and 3.2 months (SE = 0.09, p < 0.001), respectively, relative to NH white girls. NH black women reported live birth ratios 9% (SE = 0.02, p < 0.001) lower than NH white women. Women with unstable health insurance reported live birth ratios 6% (SE = 0.02, p = 0.02) lower than women with stable health insurance. Race/ethnicity, SES, and its downstream correlates were not associated with infertility. One hypothesized explanation for observed disparities in age of menarche and live birth ratios is the embodiment of discrimination faced by NH black women within the USA. Our findings also underscore the importance of health insurance access for favorable reproductive health outcomes. Future work should elucidate the role of embodied discrimination and other downstream correlates of SES in modulating women's reproductive health outcomes to inform strategies to mitigate health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia N Shirazi
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, Carpenter Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Asher Y Rosinger
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, Carpenter Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, 219 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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33
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Triviño JC, Ceba A, Rubio-Solsona E, Serra D, Sanchez-Guiu I, Ribas G, Rosa R, Cabo M, Bernad L, Pita G, Gonzalez-Neira A, Legarda G, Diaz JL, García-Vigara A, Martínez-Aspas A, Escrig M, Bermejo B, Eroles P, Ibáñez J, Salas D, Julve A, Cano A, Lluch A, Miñambres R, Benitez J. Combination of phenotype and polygenic risk score in breast cancer risk evaluation in the Spanish population: a case -control study. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1079. [PMID: 33167914 PMCID: PMC7654173 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the identification of genetic and phenotypic biomarkers of cancer for prevention, early diagnosis and patient stratification has been a main objective of research in the field. Different multivariable models that use biomarkers have been proposed for the evaluation of individual risk of developing breast cancer. Methods This is a case control study based on a population-based cohort. We describe and evaluate a multivariable model that incorporates 92 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Supplementary Table S1) and five different phenotypic variables and which was employed in a Spanish population of 642 healthy women and 455 breast cancer patients. Results Our model allowed us to stratify two groups: high and low risk of developing breast cancer. The 9th decile included 1% of controls vs 9% of cases, with an odds ratio (OR) of 12.9 and a p-value of 3.43E-07. The first decile presented an inverse proportion: 1% of cases and 9% of controls, with an OR of 0.097 and a p-value of 1.86E-08. Conclusions These results indicate the capacity of our multivariable model to stratify women according to their risk of developing breast cancer. The major limitation of our analysis is the small cohort size. However, despite the limitations, the results of our analysis provide proof of concept in a poorly studied population, and opens up the possibility of using this method in the routine screening of the Spanish population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07584-9. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07584-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Triviño
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Ceba
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - E Rubio-Solsona
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Serra
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - I Sanchez-Guiu
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Ribas
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Rosa
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Cabo
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Bernad
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Pita
- Spanish National Genotyping Center (CEGEN), Madrid, Spain.,Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Gonzalez-Neira
- Spanish National Genotyping Center (CEGEN), Madrid, Spain.,Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Legarda
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J L Diaz
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A García-Vigara
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario - INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Aspas
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario - INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Escrig
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - B Bermejo
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - P Eroles
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ibáñez
- General Directorate Public Health, Valencian Community, Valencia, Spain.,Valencia Cancer and Public Health Area, FISABIO - Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Salas
- General Directorate Public Health, Valencian Community, Valencia, Spain.,Valencia Cancer and Public Health Area, FISABIO - Public Health, Valencia, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP), Valencia, Spain
| | - A Julve
- Radiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario - INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Cano
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario - INCLIVA, Av Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Lluch
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, University of Valencia, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Centre Network in Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Miñambres
- Sistemas Genómicos, Ronda Guillermo Marconi 6, Parque Tecnológico, 46980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Benitez
- Spanish National Genotyping Center (CEGEN), Madrid, Spain. .,Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Center (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Ajong AB, Tankala NN, Yakum MN, Azenoi IS, Kenfack B. Knowledge of peri-menarcheal changes and a comparative analysis of the age at menarche among young adolescent school girls in urban and rural Cameroon. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1661. [PMID: 33148224 PMCID: PMC7641860 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Menarche is an expected event that occurs during the development of every normal young girl. We designed this study to evaluate the knowledge of young school girls on puberty, menarche, and menstruation, and to update data on the age at menarche in a rural and urban setting in Cameroon. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from February to March 2017, targeting female students aged 9 to 16 years in Yaoundé (urban) and Bamougoum (rural). Participants were included using a randomised cluster sampling and data collected using an auto-administrable questionnaire. Student t-test or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare means, and the odds ratio used as the measure of association between age at menarche and selected covariates. Results 1157 participants were included in the study; 49.3% from an urban setting and 50.7% from a rural setting. Regarding the knowledge of our participants on puberty, menarche, and menstruation, 67.20% of rural participants had good knowledge, whereas only 46.00% had good knowledge in the urban setting. Mean age at menarche was 12.76 ± 1.33 years, with the mean age at menarche in the urban setting of 12.48 ± 1.12 years and the rural setting of 13.03 ± 1.46 years. Mean age at menarche was significantly lower in participants aged below 14 years (p-value = 0.000), those with both parents alive (p-value = 0.0461), those whose fathers had skilled occupations (p-value = 0.005), those of urban resident (p-value = 0.000), and those who watched TV everyday (p-value = 0.030). Urban residence and age below 14 years were significantly associated with an earlier onset of menarche. Conclusion Rural participants had better knowledge of puberty, menarche, and the menstrual cycle than their counterparts in the urban setting. The mean age at menarche over the last two decades has dropped by 7.4 and 4.2 months per decade in urban and rural Cameroon respectively. Mean age at menarche varies significantly with age group, urban/rural residence, state of both parents (both alive/at least one dead), occupation of the father, and frequency of watching TV. Age and urban/rural residence are associated with age at onset of menarche. The continually declining age at menarche is an alarm for future early menarche-linked morbidities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09787-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atem Bethel Ajong
- Surgical, Obstetrics, and Gynaecology unit, Kekem District Hospital, Kekem, West Region, Cameroon. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | | | - Martin Ndinakie Yakum
- Medecins Sans Frontieres-Spain (MSF-OCBA), Epidemiology and Public Health, Old International Primary School Line NTA/Circular Road Junction Road by Dambua Road, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Ikei Solange Azenoi
- Internal Medicine unit, Bafoussam Regional Hospital, Bafoussam, West Region, Cameroon
| | - Bruno Kenfack
- Dschang District Hospital, Dschang, West Region, Cameroon.,Department of Obstetrics/ Gynaecology and Maternal Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
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Age at menopause and mortality in Taiwan: A cohort analysis. Maturitas 2020; 136:42-48. [PMID: 32386665 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research suggested age at menopause may predict risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and diabetes mortality; however, findings were inconsistent across populations. We aimed to investigate this association in Taiwanese postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN We used data from the MJ Health Database in Taiwan and included 36,931 postmenopausal women who entered health check-up programs during 1999-2016. Information on age at menopause and covariates were collected from health surveys and medical examinations at baseline. Age at menopause was categorized into <40-44, 45-49, 50-54 (reference) and 55-60 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression for analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Causes of death (obtained from the National Register of Death as of July 2018). RESULTS Mean age (SD) at menopause was 50.2 (4.0) years and there were 5316 deaths over an average follow-up time of 14.6 years. After adjustment for birth cohort, education, smoking, BMI and comorbidities, results showed women aged <40-44 years at menopause compared with the reference category had higher diabetes mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.44; 95 % CI: 1.03, 2.02). Women aged 45-49 years at menopause had higher all-cause mortality (HR = 1.07, 1.01, 1.14), and these women were also associated with increased CVD mortality (HR = 1.22; 1.07, 1.40). CONCLUSIONS In Taiwanese women, early age (<40-44) at menopause is associated with higher diabetes mortality, and earlier age (45-49) at menopause is associated with higher all-cause and CVD mortality. Age at menopause could be deemed an important cardio-metabolic disease marker for women at midlife that indicates future longevity.
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Chen S, Refaey H, Mukherjee N, Solatikia F, Jiang Y, Arshad SH, Ewart S, Holloway JW, Zhang H, Karmaus W. Age at onset of different pubertal signs in boys and girls and differential DNA methylation at age 10 and 18 years: an epigenome-wide follow-up study. Hum Reprod Open 2020; 2020:hoaa006. [PMID: 32190749 PMCID: PMC7067683 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is the age of onset of pubertal markers related to subsequent changes in DNA methylation (DNAm)? SUMMARY ANSWER We identified 273 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides in girls and 67 CpGs in boys that were related to puberty and that were replicable in two other investigations. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Previously, 457 CpGs (not gender-specific) and 347 (in girls) and 50 (in boys), respectively, were found to be associated with puberty, according to investigations of studies from Denmark (20 girls and 31 boys) and North America (30 girls and 25 boys). STUDY DESIGN SIZE DURATION The study was based on a birth cohort of 1456 participants born in 1989/90, with follow-up at age 10 and 18 years. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS SETTING METHODS The follow-up included 470 participants with information on DNAm and age of pubertal onset (244 girls and 226 boys). Age of pubertal onset was ascertained retrospectively at age 18 years. Using the Pubertal Development Scale, both genders were asked about ages of onset of growth spurt, body hair growth and skin changes. Ages at voice deepening and growth of facial hair were inquired from boys; ages at breast development and menarche from girls. Blood samples were collected at 10 and 18 years of age. DNA was extracted using a standard salting out procedure. The methylation level for each CpG site was assessed using one of two different platforms. DNAm was measured by a ratio of intensities denoted as β values for each CpG site. After quality control, 349 455 CpG sites were available for analysis. M values were calculated (log2(β/(1-β)) to approximate a normal distribution, and their levels were adjusted for blood cell proportions. Linear mixed models were applied to test the association between age of pubertal markers and repeated measurement of DNAm at 10 and 18 years. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In girls, a total of 63 019 CpGs statistically significantly changed after occurrence of any of the five pubertal events and 13 487 were changed subsequent to all five events: the respective number is boys were 3072 and 301. To further exclude false-positive findings, we investigated which CpGs were replicable in prior studies from Denmark or North America, resulting in 273 replicable CpG in girls and 67 CpGs in boys (236 and 68 genes, respectively). Most identified genes are known to be related to biological processes of puberty; however, genetic polymorphisms of only four of these genes were previously linked to pubertal markers in humans. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION The relative age of pubertal onset to the age of DNAm measurements does not allow causal inference, since DNAm at an earlier age may have affected the pubertal age or pubertal age may have altered later DNAm. This investigation concentrates on autosomes. CpGs on X and Y chromosomes are not included in the current study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Assessment of biological processes involved in pubertal transitions should include epigenetic information. Differential DNAm related to puberty needs to be investigated to determine whether it can act as an early marker for adult diseases known to be associated with puberty. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by NIH grants R03HD092776 (Epigenetic characterization of pubertal transitions) and R01AI121226. The 10-year follow-up of this study was funded by National Asthma Campaign, UK (Grant No 364), and the 18-year follow-up by a grant from the National Heart and Blood Institute (R01 HL082925). The authors have no conflicts to report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Department of Mathematical Science, University of Memphis, Dunn Hall, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hala Refaey
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Robison Hall, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nandini Mukherjee
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Robison Hall, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Farnaz Solatikia
- Department of Mathematical Science, University of Memphis, Dunn Hall, Memphis, TN, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Robison Hall, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Robison Hall, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - S Hasan Arshad
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Newport PO30 5TG, UK
| | - Susan Ewart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Robison Hall, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wilfried Karmaus
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Robison Hall, Memphis, TN, USA
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Calthorpe LM, Gigante DP, Horta BL, Ong KK. Age at menarche associated with subsequent educational attainment and risk-taking behaviours: the Pelotas 1982 Birth Cohort. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47:18-24. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2020.1715476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M. Calthorpe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Cao M, Cui B. Negative Effects of Age at Menarche on Risk of Cardiometabolic Diseases in Adulthood: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5588079. [PMID: 31614369 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Observational studies have demonstrated that early menarche is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, but confounding factors make it difficult to infer causality. OBJECTIVE We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine whether age at menarche (AAM) is causally associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiometabolic traits. DESIGN AND METHODS A 2-sample MR analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (n = 159 208) for T2D and the Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis plus the Coronary Artery Disease Genetics (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) consortium (n = 184 305) for CAD. We used 122 instrumental variables (IVs) extracted from a published GWAS meta-analysis incorporating 182 416 women to determine the causal effect of AAM on cardiometabolic diseases, treating childhood and adult body mass index (BMI) as the confounders. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to detect the pleiotropy of the IVs. RESULTS Employing the MR approach, we found that later AAM was associated with decreased risk of CAD (OR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.88-0.96]; P = 2.06 × 10-4) in adults, as well as lower blood levels of log fasting insulin, log homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), log HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-B), triglycerides, and diastolic blood pressure, but higher blood level of high-density lipoprotein. However, the associations were substantially attenuated after excluding BMI-related variants. MR analyses provide little evidence on the causal effect between AAM and T2D. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that AAM did not appear to have a causal effect on the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in adult life, as their associations observed in epidemiological studies might be largely mediated through excessive adiposity. We propose adiposity might be a primary target in future intervention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Moradinazar M, Marzbani B, Shahebrahimi K, Shahabadi S, Marzbani B, Moradinazar Z. Hormone Therapy and Factors Affecting Fertility of Women Under 50-Year-Old with Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2019; 11:309-319. [PMID: 31920374 PMCID: PMC6938198 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s218394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the use of contraceptive hormones is a risk factor for development of breast cancer, level of risk is unknown; thus the current research was conducted to investigate the effect of factors related to fertility and hormone use on risk of breast cancer in women aged under 50 years old in the west of Iran. METHODS In this case-control study, all incidence cases of breast cancer aged between 25-49 years old (n=212) were selected. Twice as many as the case group, the individuals referred to other outpatient sections of the same hospital at the time of study and up to 2 years after the follow-up not diagnosed with breast or other cancers were selected as a control group. The data were collected using healthy fertility program and middle-aged periodical care forms developed by Iran's Ministry of Health (MOH). RESULTS After controlling for confounding variables, history of hormonal use for contraception (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.2-3.3) and hormone therapies (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.2-3.04) were identified as factors increasing the risk of breast cancer. Dose-response relationships between breast cancer and the use of hormones for contraception and hormone therapy indicated that these factors increased the risk of breast cancer. The risk was found to be higher in women who had been under hormone therapy for more than 120 months. With an increase in the age of the first menstruation, risk of breast cancer increased linearly, but with an increase in the age of the first pregnancy, risk of breast cancer increased exponentially. After 20 years of age, the risk increased with a steeper slope. CONCLUSION Considering the effect of hormone therapy and fertility factors on breast cancer and changeability of listed risk factors, the researchers suggest planning for sensitizing, increasing the awareness, and educating women and professionals regarding the influence of fertility and hormonal factors including pregnancy at lower ages, minimizing the use of hormones for contraception, and hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moradinazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behjat Marzbani
- Health Education and Promotion Group, Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Karoon Shahebrahimi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sara Shahabadi
- Health Education and Promotion Group, Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behnaz Marzbani
- Health Education and Promotion Group, Health Network of Kermanshah, Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Moradinazar
- School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Sancho-Garnier H, Colonna M. [Breast cancer epidemiology]. Presse Med 2019; 48:1076-1084. [PMID: 31706896 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The breast is the leading cancer site in women throughout the world. That said, breast cancer incidence varies widely, ranging from 27/100,0002 (Central-East Asia and Africa) to 85-94/100,0002 (Australia, North America and Western Europe). Its frequency in France is among the highest in Europe. While in most countries, its incidence has been increasing for more than 40 years, in a few other countries (USA, Canada, Australia, France…), it has been decreasing since 2000-2005. Possibly due to a substantial reduction of hormone-based treatments at menopause, the decrease may be transient. It is also the leading cause of female cancer deaths in almost all countries, with the exception of the most economically developed, in which it is currently second to lung cancer. That much said, for thirty years in highly industrialized countries such as France, breast cancer mortality has been declining. Taken together, early diagnosis and improved treatment explain this success. In France, 5-year survival and 10-year survival approximate 88 % and 78 % respectively; these rates are among the most elevated in Western Europe. Excess mortality due to breast cancer is consequently low (<5 %) but variable according to age, and maximal during the first two years of follow-up. Several thousand epidemiological studies on risk factors for breast cancer have been carried out worldwide; it is difficult to draw up an overall assessment, especially insofar as the identified factors interact and vary according to whether the cancers occur before or after menopause and depending on their histological, biological (receptors) or molecular characteristics. Moreover, their prevalence varies in time and from one region to another. For the majority of these factors, the level of relative risk is≤2. Genetic particularities: presence of proliferative mastopathy, a first child after 35 years of age and thoracic irradiation are the sole factors entailing relative risk from 2 to 5 (comparatively speaking, the risk levels associated with tobacco consumption reach values from 10 to 20, and in some cases even higher). However, exposure to risk factors≤2 may be relatively frequent and consequently favorable to development of a substantial number of breast cancers. Estimation (based on degree of risk and frequency of exposure) of the proportion of risk attributable to a given factor facilitates decision-making aimed at determining the most effective primary prevention actions. Taking into consideration the identified factors pertaining to post-menopausal cancers, only 35 % [23 to 45 %] of the attributable proportions could be reduced by primary prevention. In view of achieving this level of reduction, it is possible to put forward the following recommendations: for the women themselves: have a first child before the age of 30, breastfeed for several months, engage in sufficiently intense and regular physical activity, avoid or reduce excess weight after turning thirty, avoid exposure to active or passive smoking, limit alcohol consumption; for their physicians: do not prescribe pointless thoracic irradiations (unnecessary mammography in particular) or unjustified hormonal treatments. *persons/years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Sancho-Garnier
- l'Académie nationale de médecine, faculté de médecine de Montpellier, ANM, 75272 Paris, France.
| | - Marc Colonna
- Registre des cancers de l'Isère, CHU de Grenoble, 38043 Grenoble E BP217 cedex 9, France
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Long-term postmenopausal estrogen therapy may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer: a cohort study. Menopause 2019; 25:1191-1194. [PMID: 30358712 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Reports of a role of postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy in the development of breast cancer have been inconsistent. Although many epidemiologic studies have failed to show an association between short-term use of estrogen and breast cancer, there are indications that long-term use may present an increased risk. We undertook a long-term, retrospective cohort study of the incidence of breast cancer in women who had taken long-term estrogen (average 17.2 years), compared to women who had not taken estrogen. Subjects were 454 women born between 1900 and 1915, who were members of a large health maintenance organization in northern California. By the end of 1995, 26 (11.2%) of estrogen users developed breast cancer, as did 9 (4.1%) of the nonusers; the relative risk (RR) for estrogen use was 2.8 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-5.9]. Adjustment for age and multiple breast cancer risk factors, including breast cancer surveillance, reduced the RR for estrogen to 2.0 (95% CI 0.9-4.5). We conclude that long-term estrogen use is associated with a substantially increased risk of breast cancer.
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Razak S, Alam I, Afsar T, Abulmeaty MMA, Almajwal A, Jahan S. A Prospective Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D (1, 25(OH)2 D3) and Endogenous Sex Hormone Levels in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2019; 9:468. [PMID: 31214508 PMCID: PMC6558010 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Data on 25-OH VD concentrations and the associated factors in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are scarce and need to be investigated. Methods: A total of 200 CRC patients participated in this cross-sectional study conducted in Pakistan. Socio-demographic and other health data were collected in a pretested questionnaire. Serum measurements of Vitamin D (1, 25(OH)2 D3) levels and hormones were performed. Association of age, sex, primary site, effects of hormone therapy and stage of disease and selected reproductive health indicators on vitamin D status were primarily scrutinized by univariate analysis. Results: Mean age of the population was 55.3 years (±15.6; Range: 20–90 years). Estradiol concentration was considerably elevated in young females compared to young male patients (p < 0.001). The concentrations of FSH, LH testosterone and estradiol were significantly lower in post-menopausal female CRC patients as compared to their male counterparts of old age (p, for all trends < 0.05). Both LH and FSH showed significant gender difference but only in older patients. Level of estrogen was markedly decreased in older post-menopausal CRC patients compared to premenopausal CRC patients, which might be associated with CRC progression. In the group of women, who “ever used hormone therapy” had differences of statistical significance (p, for all trends < 0.05) in their mean serum 25-OH VD concentrations, while in the group of women who “never used hormone therapy” had non-significant differences in their mean serum 25-OH VD concentrations (p, for all trends > 0.05). High 25-OH VD concentrations were observed in women who had their menarche at the age of 15 years or more. Nulliparous women had the highest mean 25-OH VD concentrations as compared to unparious or multiparious women. In addition, women having their menopause at 40–44 years of age had the highest 25-OH VD concentrations, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.08). Women who “never used any oral contraceptive” had higher 25-OH VD concentrations as compared to those “whoever used oral contraceptives.” Conclusion: Our findings suggest that vitamin D has a positive effect on the development of CRC through the mediation of hormones. Other health and reproductive traits that affect hormone levels may have an indirect effect on the development of CRC. Further potential studies that directly evaluate levels of circulating hormones and hormone therapy in women in association to 25-OH VD concentrations, as well as their possible role in colorectal cancer risk, would be vastly edifying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Suhail Razak ;
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayyaba Afsar
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. A. Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Calthorpe L, Brage S, Ong KK. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between childhood physical activity and age at menarche. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1008-1015. [PMID: 30588652 PMCID: PMC6563453 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To systematically appraise and summarise published evidence on the association between childhood physical activity (PA) and subsequent age at menarche (AAM). METHODS We searched PubMed (1990-2018) for studies that reported the relationship between childhood PA and AAM. We performed tabular synthesis of population-based studies and a random-effects meta-analysis of results of athlete/nonathlete studies. RESULTS One randomised controlled trial was identified, in which an intervention to prevent obesity reduced the likelihood of menarche during the two-year study period (relative risk: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.66-0.87; n = 422 girls). One of five prospective cohort studies (total n = 4492) reported a significant association between self-reported PA duration and subsequent menarche timing. Four of five historical cohort studies (total n = 89 470) reported significant associations between recalled premenarcheal PA and later AAM. Meta-analysis across 12 athlete/nonathlete studies showed that menarche occurred 1.13 years later (95% CI: 0.80-1.47) in athletes compared to nonathletes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that AAM is a behaviourally modifiable trait. However, the quality of reported population-based study evidence is low and estimation of the true relationship between childhood PA and AAM is likely confounded by concomitant changes in diet and lifestyle behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Calthorpe
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- School of Medicine University of California at San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit Institute of Metabolic Science University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Paediatrics University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Abstract
Precocious puberty is defined as the appearance of secondary sex characteristics before 8 years of age in girls and before 9 years of age in boys. Central precocious puberty (CPP) is diagnosed when activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is identified. It is a rare disease with a clear female predominance. A background of international adoption increases its risk, with other environmental factors such as endocrine disruptors also being associated with CPP. The causes of CPP are heterogeneous, with alterations of the CNS being of special interest. Physical injuries of the CNS are more frequent in boys, while idiopathic etiology is more prevalent among girls. However, in the last decade the number of idiopathic cases has diminished thanks to the discovery of mutations in different genes, including KISS1, KISS1R, MKRN3, and DLK1 that cause CPP. For the diagnosis of CPP, hormone studies are needed in addition to the clinical data regarding signs of pubertal onset. For this purpose, the GnRH test continues to be the gold standard. Imaging analyses, such as bone age and brain MRI, are also very useful. Furthermore, genetic testing must be incorporated in the diagnosis of CPP, especially in familial cases. Early puberty has been related to various consequences in the medium and long term such as behavioral problems, breast cancer, obesity, and metabolic comorbidities. However, there are few studies that have exclusively analyzed patients with CPP. GnRH analogs are the most frequent treatment election with the main objective being to improve adult height. Currently, there are new formulations that are being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Instituto de Investigación Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Association of white blood cell count with breast cancer burden varies according to menopausal status, body mass index, and hormone receptor status: a case-control study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5762. [PMID: 30962496 PMCID: PMC6453890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that among Korean women has a peak incidence in the perimenopausal period. The full epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer in Korean women are not yet properly understood. We investigated whether white blood cell (WBC) is related to breast cancer burden according to estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in the context of body mass index and menopausal status. We conducted a large case-control study and compared WBC counts between patients with breast cancer (N = 4,402) and propensity score-matched controls (N = 4,402) selected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We stratified the study sample by ER/PR status, menopausal status, and body mass index and assessed the association between WBC count and breast cancer burden using multinomial logistic regression. Compared with controls, non-obese patients with ER+/PR+ breast cancer had significantly higher WBC counts regardless of menopausal status (OR 1.293 95% CI 1.139–1.363, p < 0.001 in premenopausal and OR 1.049 95% CI 1.019–1.295, p = 0.023 in postmenopausal). There was no relationship between WBC count and ER+/PR+ breast cancer among premenopausal obese women. Furthermore, premenopausal non-obese women and postmenopausal obese women with ER+/PR+ breast cancer had higher WBC counts than those with ER−/PR− breast cancer. Further larger-scale prospective cohort studies are warranted to determine these associations in the future.
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Rivera-Núñez Z, Barrett ES, Szamreta EA, Shapses SA, Qin B, Lin Y, Zarbl H, Buckley B, Bandera EV. Urinary mycoestrogens and age and height at menarche in New Jersey girls. Environ Health 2019; 18:24. [PMID: 30902092 PMCID: PMC6431018 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence of the endocrine disrupting properties of zearalenone (ZEN) and alpha-zearalanol (zeranol, α-ZAL), they have been minimally studied in human populations. In previous cross-sectional analyses, we demonstrated that 9-10 years old girls with detectable urinary ZEN were of shorter stature and less likely to have reached the onset of breast development than girls with undetectable urinary ZEN. The aim of this study was to examine baseline concentrations of ZEN, (α-ZAL), and their phase-1 metabolites in relation to subsequent growth and timing of menarche using 10 years of longitudinal data. METHODS Urine samples were collected from participants in the Jersey Girl Study at age 9-10 (n = 163). Unconjugated ZEN, (α-ZAL), and their metabolites were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Information on height, weight, and pubertal development was collected at a baseline visit with annual follow-up by mail thereafter. Cox regression was used to evaluate time to menarche in relation to baseline ZEN, (α-ZAL), and total mycoestrogen exposure. Z-scores for height and weight were used in mixed models to assess growth. RESULTS Mycoestrogens were detectable in urine in 78.5% of the girls (median ZEN: 1.02 ng/ml, range 0-22.3). Girls with detectable urinary concentrations of (α-ZAL) and total mycoestrogens (sum of ZEN, (α-ZAL) and their metabolites) at baseline were significantly shorter at menarche than girls with levels below detection (p = 0.04). ZEN and total mycoestrogen concentrations were inversely associated with height- and weight-z-scores at menarche (adjusted β = - 0.18, 95% CI: -0.29, - 0.08, and adjusted β = - 0.10, 95% CI: -0.21, 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION This study supports and extends our previous results suggesting that exposure to ZEN, (α-ZAL), and their metabolites is associated with slower growth and pubertal development in adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorimar Rivera-Núñez
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
- Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Szamreta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
- Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Sue A. Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520 USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
- Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
- Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany St., New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
- Rutgers School of Public Health, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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Parlak Ö. Clinicopathologic İnfluence with ABO Blood Group and Rhesus Blood Group Status in Patients on Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.542143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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48
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Marzbani B, Nazari J, Najafi F, Marzbani B, Shahabadi S, Amini M, Moradinazar M, Pasdar Y, Shakiba E, Amini S. Dietary patterns, nutrition, and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in the west of Iran. Epidemiol Health 2019; 41:e2019003. [PMID: 30754960 PMCID: PMC6446065 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2019003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unhealthy dietary patterns are the most important changeable risk factors for breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and the risk of breast cancer among under-50 year women in the west of Iran. METHODS All women under 50 years old with pathologically confirmed breast cancer between 2013 and 2015 who were referred to oncology clinics in the west of Iran, and 408 under-50 women referred to other outpatient clinics who were without breast or other cancers at the time of the study and 2 years later were selected as the control group. The data were collected using the middle-aged periodical care form of the Iranian Ministry of Health and analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression in Stata. RESULTS The most powerful risk factor for breast cancer was fried foods; the odds ratio of consuming fried foods more than once a month for breast cancer was 4.5 (95% confidence interval, 2.1 to 9.4). A dose-response model indicated that increasing vegetable and fruit consumption up to 90 servings per month decreased the odds of breast cancer, but consuming more than 90 servings per month increased the risk. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate consumption of vegetables and consumption of soft drinks, industrially produced juices, fried foods, and sweets were identified as risk factors for breast cancer. In response to these findings, it is necessary to raise awareness and to provide education about healthy diets and the need to change unhealthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjat Marzbani
- Health Education and Promotion Group, Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javad Nazari
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behnaz Marzbani
- Family and School Health Group, Health Network of Kermanshah, Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sara Shahabadi
- Health Education and Promotion Group, Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahin Amini
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeed Amini
- Department of Health Services Management, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Ports KA, Holman DM, Guinn AS, Pampati S, Dyer KE, Merrick MT, Lunsford NB, Metzler M. Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Presence of Cancer Risk Factors in Adulthood: A Scoping Review of the Literature From 2005 to 2015. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 44:81-96. [PMID: 30683285 PMCID: PMC6355255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) is associated with a host of harmful outcomes, including increased risk for cancer. A scoping review was conducted to gain a better understanding of how ACEs have been studied in association with risk factors for cancer. This review includes 155 quantitative, peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2015 that examined associations between ACEs and modifiable cancer risk factors, including alcohol, environmental carcinogens, chronic inflammation, sex hormones, immunosuppression, infectious agents, obesity, radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and tobacco, among U.S. adults. This review highlights the growing body of research connecting ACEs to cancer risk factors, particularly alcohol, obesity, and tobacco. Fewer studies investigated the links between ACEs and chronic inflammation or infectious agents. No included publications investigated associations between ACEs and environmental carcinogens, hormones, immunosuppression, radiation, or ultraviolet radiation. Mitigating the impact of ACEs may provide innovative ways to effect comprehensive, upstream cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Ports
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Dawn M Holman
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Angie S Guinn
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Sanjana Pampati
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Karen E Dyer
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Melissa T Merrick
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Natasha Buchanan Lunsford
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Marilyn Metzler
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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50
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Chen X, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Xie Q, Tan X. Physical Activity and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of 38 Cohort Studies in 45 Study Reports. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2019; 22:104-128. [PMID: 30661625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate and quantify the association between physical activity (PA) and risk of breast cancer. METHODS A systematic review meta-analysis was conducted. The literature was independently and manually searched by 2 reviewers through 3 English databases (PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science) for data till October 2017. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Fixed-effects models were used to estimate the pooled relative risk and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Dose-response analysis was chosen for quantifying the association between PA and risk of breast cancer. The Begg test and the Egger test were used to estimate potential publication bias. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated with I2 statistics. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 38 cohort studies published between 1994 and 2017, which included 68 416 breast cancer cases. The overall relative risk (ORR) for breast cancer was 0.87 (95% CI 0.84-0.90). The inverse association was consistent among all subgroup analyses. In subgroup analysis by menopausal status, the ORR of breast cancer was 0.83 (95% CI 0.79-0.87) for premenopausal status and 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.97) for postmenopausal status. In subgroup analysis by PA type, the ORR for total activity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.93), for recreational activity 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.91), for occupational activity 0.91 (95% CI 0.84-0.99), and for nonoccupational activity 0.87 (95% CI 0.83-0.92). The risk of breast cancer was significantly lower in people with exposure periods longer than 1 year and less than 5 years (ORR 0.62; 95% CI 0.46-0.78), followed by those with lifetime activity (ORR 0.81; 95% CI 0.69-0.93). The ORR for subjects with body mass index of less than 25 kg/m2 (0.88; 95% CI 0.83-0.93) was close to that for subjects with body mass index of more than 25 kg/m2 (0.87; 95% CI 0.77-0.97). A linear relationship was found between breast cancer risk and PA (recreational activity and total activity), and the ORR was reduced by 3% (95% CI 0.95-0.99) for every 10 metabolic equivalent of energy hours per week increment in recreational PA and by 2% (95% CI 0.97-0.99) for every 10 metabolic equivalent of energy hours per week increment in total PA. CONCLUSIONS PA is significantly associated with a decrease in the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Chen
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiru Wang
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Xie
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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