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Liang H, Zhan J, Chen Y, Xing Z, He ZNT, Liu Y, Li X, Chen Y, Li Z, Kuang C, Yang D, Yang Q. Tryptophan deficiency induced by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 results in glucose transporter 1-dependent promotion of aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e555. [PMID: 38706741 PMCID: PMC11066657 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the key enzyme in the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp) through kynurenine pathway, induces immune tolerance and is considered as a critical immune checkpoint, but its impacts as a metabolism enzyme on glucose and lipid metabolism are overlooked. We aim to clarify the potential role of IDO1 in aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic cancer (PC). Analysis of database revealed the positive correlation in PC between the expressions of IDO1 and genes encoding important glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). It was found that IDO1 could modulate glycolysis and glucose uptake in PC cells, Trp deficiency caused by IDO1 overexpression enhanced glucose uptake by stimulating GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane of PC cells. Besides, Trp deficiency caused by IDO1 overexpression suppressed the apoptosis of PC cells via promoting glycolysis, which reveals the presence of IDO1-glycolysis-apoptosis axis in PC. IDO1 inhibitors could inhibit glycolysis, promote apoptosis, and exhibit robust therapeutic efficacy when combined with GLUT1 inhibitor in PC mice. Our study reveals the function of IDO1 in the glucose metabolism of PC and provides new insights into the therapeutic strategy for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiani Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunqiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zikang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhen Ning Tony He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuewen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chunxiang Kuang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and SustainabilitySchool of Chemical Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of OrthopedicsShanghai Children's HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesMOE Engineering Research Center of Gene TechnologyShanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial MicroorganismsFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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2
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Yu L, Lu J, Du W. Tryptophan metabolism in digestive system tumors: unraveling the pathways and implications. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:174. [PMID: 38462620 PMCID: PMC10926624 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism plays a crucial role in influencing the development of digestive system tumors. Dysregulation of Trp and its metabolites has been identified in various digestive system cancers, including esophageal, gastric, liver, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. Aberrantly expressed Trp metabolites are associated with diverse clinical features in digestive system tumors. Moreover, the levels of these metabolites can serve as prognostic indicators and predictors of recurrence risk in patients with digestive system tumors. Trp metabolites exert their influence on tumor growth and metastasis through multiple mechanisms, including immune evasion, angiogenesis promotion, and drug resistance enhancement. Suppressing the expression of key enzymes in Trp metabolism can reduce the accumulation of these metabolites, effectively impacting their role in the promotion of tumor progression and metastasis. Strategies targeting Trp metabolism through specific enzyme inhibitors or tailored drugs exhibit considerable promise in enhancing therapeutic outcomes for digestive system tumors. In addition, integrating these approaches with immunotherapy holds the potential to further enhance treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment of Infectious Diseases,, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment of Infectious Diseases,, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
| | - Weibo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, Treatment of Infectious Diseases,, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China.
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3
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Yu F, Du Y, Li C, Zhang H, Lai W, Li S, Ye Z, Fu W, Li S, Li XG, Luo D. Association between metabolites in tryptophan-kynurenine pathway and inflammatory bowel disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization. Sci Rep 2024; 14:201. [PMID: 38167867 PMCID: PMC10761717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous observational studies have suggested an association between tryptophan (TRP)-kynurenine (KYN) pathway and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, whether there is a causal relationship among them remains unclear. Therefore, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to explore the potential causal effects of crucial metabolites in TRP-KYN pathway on IBD and its subtypes. Using summary data from genome-wide association studies, a two-sample MR was employed to evaluate the genetic associations between TRP and KYN as exposures and IBD as an outcome. The inverse variance weighted method was used as the primary MR analysis, with MR-Egger, weighted mode, simple mode, and weighted median methods as complementary analyses. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for TRP-IBD (OR 0.739, 95% CI [0.697; 0.783]), TRP-UC (OR 0.875, 95% CI [0.814; 0.942]), TRP-CD (OR 0.685, 95% CI [0.613; 0.765]), KYN-IBD (OR 4.406, 95% CI [2.247; 8.641]), KYN-UC (OR 2.578, 95% CI [1.368; 4.858], and KYN-CD (OR 13.516, 95% CI [4.919; 37.134]). Collectively, the MR analysis demonstrated a significant protective association between TRP and IBD, whereas KYN was identified as a risk factor for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqian Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yutong Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Cong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sheng Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhenhao Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenbin Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Liuzhou Workers' Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, 545000, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Ding Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Soltani-Asl M, Azimnasab-Sorkhabi P, Yoshinaga TT, de Oliveira Massoco C, Kfoury JR. The combination of IDO and AHR blockers reduces the migration and clonogenicity of breast cancer cells. Immunol Res 2023:10.1007/s12026-023-09450-9. [PMID: 38153625 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme causes immunosuppressive consequences in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In addition, the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in the TME is under discussion. The current study evaluated the role of the IDO and AHR blockers on cell migration, clonogenic, and IDO expression of murine breast cancer cells. The cell migration and clonogenic abilities of breast cancer cells are evaluated by wound‑healing assay (cell migration assay) and Colony formation assay (clonogenic assay). Also, flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the IDO-positive breast cancer cells. The results showed that treating cells with a combination of IDO and AHR blockers dramatically reduced breast cancer cells' migration and clonogenic capacities. Treating cells with only AHR blockade suppressed the clonogenic rate. Since both IDO and AHR are involved in their complex molecular networks, blocking both IDO and AHR might cause alterations in their molecular networks resulting in diminishing the migration and clonogenic abilities of breast cancer cells. However, further investigations are required to confirm our findings within in vivo models as a novel therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Soltani-Asl
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Parviz Azimnasab-Sorkhabi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tulio Teruo Yoshinaga
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Roberto Kfoury
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Kwiatkowska I, Hermanowicz JM, Czarnomysy R, Surażyński A, Kowalczuk K, Kałafut J, Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Bielawski K, Rivero-Müller A, Mojzych M, Pawlak D. Assessment of an Anticancer Effect of the Simultaneous Administration of MM-129 and Indoximod in the Colorectal Cancer Model. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:122. [PMID: 38201550 PMCID: PMC10778160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The purpose of the given study was to examine the antitumor activity of the simultaneous administration of MM-129, a 1,2,4-triazine derivative, and indoximod (IND), the kynurenine pathway inhibitor, toward colon cancer. (2) Methods: The efficiency of the co-administration of the studied compounds was assessed in xenografted zebrafish embryos. Then, the effects of the combined administration of compounds on cellular processes such as cell viability, apoptosis, and intracellular signaling pathways were evaluated. In vitro studies were performed using two colorectal cancer cell lines, namely, DLD-1 and HT-29. (3) Results: The results indicated that the simultaneous application of MM-129 and indoximod induced a stronger inhibition of tumor growth in zebrafish xenografts. The combination of these compounds intensified the process of apoptosis by lowering the mitochondrial potential, enhancing the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) and activation of caspases. Additionally, the expression of protein kinase B (AKT) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-(1IDO1) was disrupted under the applied compound combination. (4) Conclusions: Simultaneous targeting of ongoing cell signaling that promotes tumor progression, along with inhibition of the kynurenine pathway enzyme IDO1, results in the enhancement of the antitumor effect of the tested compounds against the colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Kwiatkowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
| | - Justyna Magdalena Hermanowicz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Arkadiusz Surażyński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Kowalczuk
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M Skłodowskiej-Curie 7A, 15-096 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Alicja Przybyszewska-Podstawka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (R.C.); (K.B.)
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (A.P.-P.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Faculty of Health Science, Collegium Medicum, The Mazovian Academy in Plock, Plac Dabrowskiego 2, 09-402 Plock, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (J.M.H.); (D.P.)
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6
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He K, Wang Z, Luo M, Li B, Ding N, Li L, He B, Wang H, Cao J, Huang C, Yang J, Chen HN. Metastasis organotropism in colorectal cancer: advancing toward innovative therapies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:612. [PMID: 37689664 PMCID: PMC10493031 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis remains a leading cause of mortality among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Organotropism, referring to the propensity of metastasis to target specific organs, is a well-documented phenomenon in CRC, with the liver, lungs, and peritoneum being preferred sites. Prior to establishing premetastatic niches within host organs, CRC cells secrete substances that promote metastatic organotropism. Given the pivotal role of organotropism in CRC metastasis, a comprehensive understanding of its molecular underpinnings is crucial for biomarker-based diagnosis, innovative treatment development, and ultimately, improved patient outcomes. In this review, we focus on metabolic reprogramming, tumor-derived exosomes, the immune system, and cancer cell-organ interactions to outline the molecular mechanisms of CRC organotropic metastasis. Furthermore, we consider the prospect of targeting metastatic organotropism for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Xian F, Zhao C, Huang C, Bie J, Xu G. The potential role of CDC20 in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and therapy: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35038. [PMID: 37682144 PMCID: PMC10489547 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is known to regulate the cell cycle. Many studies have suggested that dysregulation of CDC20 is associated with various pathological processes in malignant solid tumors, including tumorigenesis, progression, chemoradiotherapy resistance, and poor prognosis, providing a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Some researchers have demonstrated that CDC20 also regulates apoptosis, immune microenvironment, and tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we have systematically summarized the biological functions of CDC20 in solid cancers. Furthermore, we briefly synthesized multiple medicines that inhibited CDC20. We anticipate that CDC20 will be a promising and effective biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xian
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Caixia Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chun Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Bie
- Department of Oncology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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8
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Xue C, Li G, Zheng Q, Gu X, Shi Q, Su Y, Chu Q, Yuan X, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Tryptophan metabolism in health and disease. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1304-1326. [PMID: 37352864 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism primarily involves the kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and indole pathways. A variety of bioactive compounds produced via Trp metabolism can regulate various physiological functions, including inflammation, metabolism, immune responses, and neurological function. Emerging evidence supports an intimate relationship between Trp metabolism disorder and diseases. The levels or ratios of Trp metabolites are significantly associated with many clinical features. Additionally, studies have shown that disease progression can be controlled by modulating Trp metabolism. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, Trp-2,3-dioxygenase, kynurenine-3-monooxygenase, and Trp hydroxylase are the rate-limiting enzymes that are critical for Trp metabolism. These key regulatory enzymes can be targeted for treating several diseases, including tumors. These findings provide novel insights into the treatment of diseases. In this review, we have summarized the recent research progress on the role of Trp metabolites in health and disease along with their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ganglei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuanshuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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9
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Yang Y, Jin Y, Yin L, Liu P, Zhu L, Gao H. Sertaconazole nitrate targets IDO1 and regulates the MAPK signaling pathway to induce autophagy and apoptosis in CRC cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 942:175515. [PMID: 36669614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the third most frequently occurring malignant tumor worldwide. It is vital to identify novel, effective targeted treatments while considering side effects and drug resistance in the clinic. Recently, the tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indole-2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been widely reported to be overexpressed in CRC, indicating that blocking IDO1 with small-molecule inhibitors may be a promising approach to CRC treatment. In this study, the antifungal drug sertaconazole nitrate (STZ) was repurposed and showed antitumor activity, and therefore, its anticancer effect was further investigated in CRC cells. The SwissTargetPrediction analysis indicated that STZ binding to IDO1 was significantly and highly probable, and STZ was found to downregulate IDO1 in CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. STZ exhibited considerable antiproliferative activity and induced apoptosis and autophagy in HCT116 and RKO cells. Moreover, based on an RNA-seq analysis, STZ was shown to regulate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. We discovered that STZ suppressed tumor growth in an HCT116 nude mouse xenograft tumor model without causing evident cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our results reveal that STZ induces antitumor effects in CRC by inhibiting IDO1-modulated autophagy and apoptosis, providing a clue for repurposing STZ as a novel and potentially effective candidate medication for the future treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yue Jin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Linzhou Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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10
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Zhang J, Zou S, Fang L. Metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: regulatory networks and therapy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 36755301 PMCID: PMC9906896 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With high prevalence and mortality, together with metabolic reprogramming, colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Metabolic reprogramming gives tumors the capacity for long-term cell proliferation, making it a distinguishing feature of cancer. Energy and intermediate metabolites produced by metabolic reprogramming fuel the rapid growth of cancer cells. Aberrant metabolic enzyme-mediated tumor metabolism is regulated at multiple levels. Notably, tumor metabolism is affected by nutrient levels, cell interactions, and transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Understanding the crosstalk between metabolic enzymes and colorectal carcinogenesis factors is particularly important to advance research for targeted cancer therapy strategies via the investigation into the aberrant regulation of metabolic pathways. Hence, the abnormal roles and regulation of metabolic enzymes in recent years are reviewed in this paper, which provides an overview of targeted inhibitors for targeting metabolic enzymes in colorectal cancer that have been identified through tumor research or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuanchun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, 510655 Guangdong China ,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Shaomin Zou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuanchun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, 510655 Guangdong China ,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Lekun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuanchun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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11
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Zhang D, Ning J, Ramprasath T, Yu C, Zheng X, Song P, Xie Z, Zou MH. Kynurenine promotes neonatal heart regeneration by stimulating cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6371. [PMID: 36289221 PMCID: PMC9606021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) catalyzes tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in many inflammatory and cancer diseases. Of note, acute inflammation that occurs immediately after heart injury is essential for neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. However, the IDO1-catalyzed tryptophan metabolism during heart regeneration is largely unexplored. Here, we find that apical neonatal mouse heart resection surgery led to rapid and consistent increases in cardiac IDO1 expression and kynurenine accumulation. Cardiac deletion of Ido1 gene or chemical inhibition of IDO1 impairs heart regeneration. Mechanistically, elevated kynurenine triggers cardiomyocyte proliferation by activating the cytoplasmic aryl hydrocarbon receptor-SRC-YAP/ERK pathway. In addition, cardiomyocyte-derived kynurenine transports to endothelial cells and stimulates cardiac angiogenesis by promoting aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocation and enhancing vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. Notably, Ahr deletion prevents indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase -kynurenine-associated heart regeneration. In summary, increasing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-derived kynurenine level promotes cardiac regeneration by functioning as an endogenous regulator of cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Zhang
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jinfeng Ning
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Tharmarajan Ramprasath
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street North East, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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12
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Wang H, Luo Y, Ran R, Li X, Ling H, Wen F, Yu T. IDO1 Modulates the Sensitivity of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells to Cisplatin through ROS/p53-Dependent Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912002. [PMID: 36233312 PMCID: PMC9569641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing dioxygenase that may play a part in chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. However, its role in cisplatin (DDP) resistance is unclear. Here, the expression level of IDO1 in tumors in platinum-resistant (n = 22) and -sensitive (n = 46) ovarian cancer patients was determined, and then how IDO1 modulated DDP resistance was explored in vitro and in vivo. The IDO1 expression level in platinum-resistant patients was higher than that in -sensitive patients, and a higher IDO1 level was correlated with poor prognosis in type II cancer patients. Up-regulating IDO1 decreased DDP-induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells via inhibiting the ROS/p53 cell-death pathway, thereby attenuating cytotoxicity of DDP. Silencing IDO1 enhanced p53-dependent apoptosis by increasing ROS accumulation, thereby enhancing DDP against SKOV3 cells. Down-knocking IDO1 augmented the action of DDP in vivo. These data demonstrated that silencing IDO1 enhanced the efficacy of DDP by intensifying p53-dependent apoptosis, and that targeting IDO1 can be a strategy to modulate DDP-based chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer.
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13
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IDO1 plays a tumor-promoting role via MDM2-mediated suppression of the p53 pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:572. [PMID: 35760783 PMCID: PMC9237101 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
With the intensive therapeutic strategies, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is still a fatal disease due to its progressive characteristics. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key regulator that catalyzes the commitment step of the kynurenine pathway in the immune system, its aberrant activation may contribute to malignant cell escape eradication. However, the role of IDO1 in DLBCL progression remains elusive. Our study showed IDO1 expression was upregulated in DLBCL and was associated with a poor prognosis and low overall survival. Inhibition of IDO1 suppressed DLBCL cell proliferation in vitro and impeded xenograft tumorigenesis in vivo. RNA-seq analyses revealed MDM2 was downregulated while TP53 was upregulated in IDO1 inhibition OCI-Ly10 cells. Mechanistically, IDO1 inhibition decreased the expression of MDM2, a major negative regulator of p53, and restored p53 expression in OCI-Ly3 and OCI-Ly10 cells, resulting in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. IDO1 inhibition induced cell apoptosis coupled with PUMA and BAX upregulation, as well as BCL2 and BCL-XL downregulation. In addition, p21, a p53 transcriptional target, was upregulated in cell cycle arrest. Taken together, this study revealed IDO1 is essential for the proliferation of DLBCL cells and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of DLBCL.
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14
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Eskiler G, Bilir C, Bilir F. The cytotoxic effects of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase inhibitors on triple negative breast cancer cells upon tumor necrosis factor α stimulation. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 19:S74-S80. [PMID: 37147986 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2365_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Context Overexpressed indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been observed in many types of cancer and plays an essential role in the tumor microenvironment through immune cells function. Aims In our study, the therapeutic potentials of two different IDO inhibitors (Epacadostat [EPA] and 1-methyl-L-tryptophan [L-1MT]) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells were assessed with and without tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation. Materials and Methods The anticancer activity of EPA and L-1MT alone and in combination with TNF-α was analyzed by WST-1, annexin V, cell cycle analysis, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. In addition, the relationship between IDO1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressions in TNBC cells upon treatment with IDO inhibitors was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Statistical Analysis Used SPSS 22.0 was conducted for statistical analysis. The one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparison test was performed for multiple groups. Independent (unpaired) t -test was used for the comparison of two groups. Results EPA and L-1MT alone significantly suppressed the TNBC cell viability through the induction of apoptotic cell death and G0/G1 arrest (P < 0.05). TNF-α alone induced the overexpression of IDO1 and PD-L1 in TNBC cells compared with MCF-10A control cells. However, IDO inhibitors significantly inhibited overexpressed IDO1 mRNA levels. Furthermore, EPA alone and co-treated with TNF-α suppressed the mRNA level of PD-L1 in TNBC cells. Therefore, TNF-α stimulation enhanced the therapeutic effects of IDO inhibitors on TNBC. Conclusions Our findings showed that the efficacy of IDO inhibitors was mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, different molecular signaling pathways are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines production, and the expression of IDO1 and PD-L1 calls for further investigations.
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15
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Haq S, Grondin JA, Khan WI. Tryptophan-derived serotonin-kynurenine balance in immune activation and intestinal inflammation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21888. [PMID: 34473368 PMCID: PMC9292703 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100702r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous tryptophan metabolism pathways lead to the production of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), kynurenine, and several downstream metabolites which are involved in a multitude of immunological functions in both health and disease states. Ingested tryptophan is largely shunted to the kynurenine pathway (95%) while only minor portions (1%–2%) are sequestered for 5‐HT production. Though often associated with the functioning of the central nervous system, significant production of 5‐HT, kynurenine and their downstream metabolites takes place within the gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that these metabolites have essential roles in regulating immune cell function, intestinal inflammation, as well as in altering the production and suppression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, both 5‐HT and kynurenine have a considerable influence on gut microbiota suggesting that these metabolites impact host physiology both directly and indirectly via compositional changes. It is also now evident that complex interactions exist between the two pathways to maintain gut homeostasis. Alterations in 5‐HT and kynurenine are implicated in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal dysfunctions, including inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, these pathways present numerous potential therapeutic targets, manipulation of which may aid those suffering from gastrointestinal disorders. This review aims to update both the role of 5‐HT and kynurenine in immune regulation and intestinal inflammation, and analyze the current knowledge of the relationship and interactions between 5‐HT and kynurenine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jensine A Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Wang C, Tao X, Wei J. Effects of LncRNA MEG3 on immunity and autophagy of non-small cell lung carcinoma through IDO signaling pathway. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:244. [PMID: 34399782 PMCID: PMC8369805 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was done to investigate the effect of LncRNA MEG3 on the immunity and autophagy of non-small cell lung carcinoma through the IDO signaling pathway. Methods A total of 78 cases of early NSCLC patients (research group; RG) and 69 cases of health controls (control group; CG) during the same time were included. The contents of LncRNA MEG3 and miR-543 in peripheral blood and tissues and their diagnostic values for NSCLC were detected. The relationship between LncRNA MEG3 and miR-543 and their posttreatment contents and influence on the prognosis of NSCLC patients were tested. The expression of LncRNA MEG3, miR-543, and IDO (IDO1, IDO2, and TDO proteins) in the lung tissue of rats and the immune function in the CG and the RG were detected. The effects of LncRNA MEG3 and miR-543 on the biological behavior of NSCLC cells were determined. The role of LncRNA MEG3, miR-543, and IDO in NSCLC was verified. Results LncRNA MEG3 was low in peripheral blood and tissues, while miR-543 was high (P < 0.05); both had good diagnostic values for NSCLC (P < 0.05). LncRNA MEG3 had a negative correlation with miR-543 (P < 0.05) and influenced the prognosis of NSCLC patients (P < 0.05). LncRNA MEG3 in the lung tissue of rats using IDO inhibitor was elevated compared with that of lung carcinoma model rats (P < 0.05). The level of miR-543 was declined compared with that of lung carcinoma model rats (P < 0.05). The levels of IDO1, IDO2, and TDO proteins were evidently declined compared with those of lung carcinoma model rats (P < 0.05). Compared with lung carcinoma model rats, CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ of IDO inhibitor rats were elevated, while CD8+ was declined (P < 0.05). Cell proliferation and invasion ability and IDO1, IDO2, TDO, Beclin-1, and LC3-II proteins were declined in the sh-LncRNA MEG3 group (P < 0.05), while those in the mimics-miR-543 group were evidently elevated (P < 0.05). However, the double luciferase activity detection and RIP experiment confirmed that there was targeted regulation among them (P < 0.05). Conclusion MEG3 has low expression in NSCLC and affects the immunity and autophagy of NSCLC cells via regulating the miR-543/IDO signaling pathway, which is effective for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqiang Wang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Shandong Guoxin Healthcare Group Zibo Hospital, Shandong, 255120, China
| | - Xiangbo Tao
- Department of Oncology, Chengwu County People's Hospital, Shandong, 274200, China
| | - Jungong Wei
- Department of Oncology, Chengwu County People's Hospital, Shandong, 274200, China.
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17
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Ala M. Tryptophan metabolites modulate inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer by affecting immune system. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 41:326-345. [PMID: 34289794 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1954638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid, going through three different metabolic pathways in the intestines. Indole pathway in the gut microbiota, serotonin system in the enterochromaffin cells and kynurenine pathway in the immune cells and intestinal lining are the three arms of tryptophan metabolism in the intestines. Clinical, in vivo and in vitro studies showed that each one of these arms has a significant impact on IBD. This review explains how different metabolites of tryptophan are involved in the pathophysiology of IBD and colorectal cancer, as a major complication of IBD. Indole metabolites alleviate colitis and protect against colorectal cancer while serotonin arm follows a more complicated and receptor-specific pattern. Indole metabolites and kynurenine interact with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) to induce T regulatory cells differentiation, confine Th17 and Th1 response and produce anti-inflammatory mediators. Kynurenine decreases tumor-infiltrating CD8+ cells and mediates tumor cells immune evasion. Serotonin system also increases colorectal cancer cells proliferation and metastasis while, indole metabolites can profoundly decrease colorectal cancer growth. Targeted therapy for tryptophan metabolites may improve the management of IBD and colorectal cancer, e.g. supplementation of indole metabolites such as indole-3-carbinol (I3C), inhibition of kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) and selective stimulation or inhibition of specific serotonergic receptors can mitigate colitis. Furthermore, it will be explained how indole metabolites supplementation, inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), KMO and serotonin receptors can protect against colorectal cancer. Additionally, extensive molecular interactions between tryptophan metabolites and intracellular signaling pathways will be thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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18
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Tang S, Wang J, Yu S. IDO in Colorectal Tumorigenesis: Involvement of Immune Tolerance and Significance in Prevention and Therapy. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1503-1504. [PMID: 34280382 PMCID: PMC8531978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siwang Yu
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Siwang Yu, PhD, Peking University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology,38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. fax: +86-10-82802724
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19
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Kynurenines as a Novel Target for the Treatment of Malignancies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070606. [PMID: 34201791 PMCID: PMC8308824 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies are unquestionably a significant public health problem. Their effective treatment is still a big challenge for modern medicine. Tumors have developed a wide range of mechanisms to evade an immune and therapeutic response. As a result, there is an unmet clinical need for research on solutions aimed at overcoming this problem. An accumulation of tryptophan metabolites belonging to the kynurenine pathway can enhance neoplastic progression because it causes the suppression of immune system response against cancer cells. They are also involved in the development of the mechanisms responsible for the resistance to antitumor therapy. Kynurenine belongs to the most potent immunosuppressive metabolites of this pathway and has a significant impact on the development of malignancies. This fact prompted researchers to assess whether targeting the enzymes responsible for its synthesis could be an effective therapeutic strategy for various cancers. To date, numerous studies, both preclinical and clinical, have been conducted on this topic, especially regarding the inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and their results can be considered noteworthy. This review gathers and systematizes the knowledge about the role of the kynurenine pathway in neoplastic progression and the findings regarding the usefulness of modulating its activity in anticancer therapy.
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20
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Zhang X, Liu X, Zhou W, Du Q, Yang M, Ding Y, Hu R. Blockade of IDO-Kynurenine-AhR Axis Ameliorated Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer via Inhibiting Immune Tolerance. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1179-1199. [PMID: 34087454 PMCID: PMC8445903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic inflammation in colon section is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Proinflammatory cytokines were produced in a tumor microenvironment and correlated with poor clinical outcome. Tumor-infiltrating T cells were reported to be greatly involved in the development of colon cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that kynurenine (Kyn), a metabolite catalyzed by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), was required for IDO-mediated T cell function, and adaptive immunity indeed played a critical role in CRC. METHODS Supernatant of colon cancer cells was used to culture activated T cells and mice spleen lymphocytes, and the IDO1-Kyn-aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor axis was determined in vitro. In vivo, an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CRC model was established in IDO-/-, Rag1-/-, and wild-type mice, and tumor-associated T lymphocyte infiltration and Kyn/AhR signaling pathway changes were measured in each group. RESULTS Kyn promoted AhR nuclear translocation increased the transcription of Foxp3, a marker of regulatory T cells (Tregs), through improving the interaction between AhR and Foxp3 promoter. Additionally, compared WT mice, IDO-/- mice treated with AOM/DSS exhibited fewer and smaller tumor burdens in the colon, with less Treg and more CD8+ T cells infiltration, while Kyn administration abolished this regulation. Rag1-/- mice were more sensitive to AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer (CRC) compared with the wild-type mice, suggesting that T cell-mediated adaptive immunity indeed played a critical role in CRC. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that inhibition of IDO diminished Kyn/AhR-mediated Treg differentiation and could be an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Children Health Care, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianming Du
- General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,General Clinical Research Center, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Reprint Requests Address reprint requests to: Rong Hu, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China. fax: 86-25-83321714.
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21
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Shirakami Y, Nakanishi T, Ozawa N, Ideta T, Kochi T, Kubota M, Sakai H, Ibuka T, Tanaka T, Shimizu M. Inhibitory effects of a selective prostaglandin E2 receptor antagonist RQ-15986 on inflammation-related colon tumorigenesis in APC-mutant rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251942. [PMID: 34003864 PMCID: PMC8130959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 is involved in inflammation and related tumorigenesis in the colorectum. This study aimed to investigate the chemopreventive ability of RQ-15986, a selective EP4 antagonist, in colitis-related colorectal tumorigenesis. Male Kyoto APC delta rats, which have APC mutations, were treated with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium and subsequently administered RQ-15986 for eight weeks. At the end of the experiment, the development of colorectal tumor was significantly inhibited in the RQ-15986-treated group. The cell proliferation of the crypts and tumors in the colorectum was decreased following RQ-15986 treatment. RQ-15986 also suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, in the colon mucosa. In addition, the expression levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which is involved in immune tolerance, were decreased in the colorectal epithelium and tumors of the RQ-15986-treated group. These findings indicate that RQ-15986 inhibits colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis by attenuating inflammation, suppressing cell proliferation, and modulating the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Targeting prostaglandin E2/EP4 signaling might be a useful strategy for chemoprevention of inflammation-related colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Shirakami
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takayuki Nakanishi
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ozawa
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takayasu Ideta
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kochi
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaya Kubota
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Ibuka
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Pathological Diagnosis, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Departments of Gastroenterology/Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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22
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Liu CY, Huang TT, Chen JL, Chu PY, Lee CH, Lee HC, Lee YH, Chang YY, Yang SH, Jiang JK, Chen WS, Chao Y, Teng HW. Significance of Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Expression in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620361. [PMID: 33937026 PMCID: PMC8085544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Because of the lack of reliable prognostic and predictive biomarkers for CRC, most patients are often diagnosed at a late stage. The tryptophan–kynurenine pathway plays a crucial role in promoting cancer progression. Kynurenine is considered an oncometabolite in colon cancer, and its downstream metabolites are also associated with CRC. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), a pivotal enzyme that catalyzes kynurenine metabolism, is essential for several cellular processes. In the current study, we explored the role of KMO in CRC. Immunohistochemical results showed that KMO was upregulated in CRC tissues relative to paired healthy tissue and polyps. Moreover, CRC patients with higher KMO expression were associated with higher metastasis and poorer survival rates. Knockdown of KMO decreased the expression of cancer stem cell markers, as well as the sphere-forming, migration, and invasion abilities of CRC cells. Additionally, blockade of the enzymatic activity of KMO using an inhibitor suppressed sphere formation and cell motility in CRC cells. These findings suggest the clinical relevance of KMO in CRC tumorigenesis and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Huang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- School of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ya Chang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shung-Haur Yang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Kai Jiang
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shone Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yee Chao
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Teng
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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23
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Wyatt M, Greathouse KL. Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:1189. [PMID: 33916690 PMCID: PMC8066279 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism, via the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, and microbial transformation of tryptophan to indolic compounds are fundamental for host health; both of which are altered in colon carcinogenesis. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism begin early in colon carcinogenesis as an adaptive mechanism for the tumor to escape immune surveillance and metastasize. The microbial community is a key part of the tumor microenvironment and influences cancer initiation, promotion and treatment response. A growing awareness of the impact of the microbiome on tryptophan (Trp) metabolism in the context of carcinogenesis has prompted this review. We first compare the different metabolic pathways of Trp under normal cellular physiology to colon carcinogenesis, in both the host cells and the microbiome. Second, we review how the microbiome, specifically indoles, influence host tryptophan pathways under normal and oncogenic metabolism. We conclude by proposing several dietary, microbial and drug therapeutic modalities that can be utilized in combination to abrogate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Wyatt
- Human Health, Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7346, USA;
| | - K. Leigh Greathouse
- Human Science and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7346, USA
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24
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Zheng Q, Gan G, Gao X, Luo Q, Chen F. Targeting the IDO-BCL2A1-Cytochrome c Pathway Promotes Apoptosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1673-1687. [PMID: 33707952 PMCID: PMC7942955 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s288692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the rate limiting enzyme of tryptophan degradation and is a negative prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients, while the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This research aimed to explore the IDO expression and its biological functions in OSCC. Materials and Methods IDO expression was analyzed by qPCR, Western blots, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in OSCC cell lines and tissue specimens. Tryptophan and kynurenine content were determined by UPLC-MS/MS in serum samples of OSCC patients and healthy controls. Oncomine databases and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to identify the IDO expression and its correlation with OSCC prognosis. Cell counting, CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, cell cycle, and EdU incorporation assays were used to assess the effect of IDO inhibition on OSCC growth either by shRNA or the IDO-specific inhibitor (epacadostat) in vitro. An OSCC xenograft mouse model was established to verify the predicted function of IDO inhibition in vivo. Mechanistically, an 84-gene apoptosis PCR array and rescue experiment were used to characterize the underlying mechanism involved in IDO-regulated apoptosis in OSCC. Results IDO expression was upregulated in OSCC cell lines and tissues and was negatively correlated with OSCC progression. Lentivirus-mediated IDO knockdown and epacadostat significantly reduced viability and promoted apoptosis of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. The apoptosis PCR array identified BCL2 related protein A1 (BCL2A1) as the most obviously changed gene at the transcriptional level. IDO inhibition downregulated BCL2A1 expression, increased the expression and translocation of cytochrome c, thus promoted apoptosis in OSCC. Overexpression of BCL2A1 reversed the pro-apoptotic effect of IDO inhibition. Conclusion The present results revealed that IDO directly affect the growth of OSCC cells by regulating BCL2A1 expression. IDO and the IDO-BCL2A1-cytochrome c axis may be potential therapeutic targets for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoping Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Gan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfu Gao
- Shanghai Profleader Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqiong Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
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25
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Ala M. The footprint of kynurenine pathway in every cancer: a new target for chemotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173921. [PMID: 33529725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cancers has always been a challenge for physicians. Typically, several groups of anti-cancer medications are needed for effective management of an invasive and metastatic cancer. Recently, therapeutic potentiation of immune system markedly improved treatment of cancers. Kynurenine pathway has an interwoven correlation with immune system. Kynurenine promotes T Reg (regulatory) differentiation, which leads to increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of cytotoxic activity of T cells. Overactivation of kynurenine pathway in cancers provides an immunologically susceptible microenvironment for mutant cells to survive and invade surrounding tissues. Interestingly, kynurenine pathway vigorously interacts with other molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis. For instance, kynurenine pathway interacts with phospoinosisitide-3 kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Wnt/β-catenin, P53, bridging integrator 1 (BIN-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and collagen type XII α1 chain (COL12A1). Overactivation of kynurenine pathway, particularly overactivation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) predicts poor prognosis of several cancers such as gastrointestinal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematologic malignancies, breast cancer, lung cancer, glioma, melanoma, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, kynurenine increases the invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance of cancer cells. Recently, IDO inhibitors entered clinical trials and successfully passed their safety tests and showed promising therapeutic efficacy for cancers such as melanoma, brain cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer. However, a phase III trial of epacadostat, an IDO inhibitor, could not increase the efficacy of treatment with pembrolizumab for melanoma. In this review the expanding knowledge towards kynurenine pathway and its application in each cancer is discussed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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26
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Mor A, Kalaska B, Pawlak D. Kynurenine Pathway in Chronic Kidney Disease: What’s Old, What’s New, and What’s Next? Int J Tryptophan Res 2020; 13:1178646920954882. [PMID: 35210786 PMCID: PMC8862190 DOI: 10.1177/1178646920954882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired kidney function and increased inflammatory process occurring in the course of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) contribute to the development of complex amino-acid alterations. The essential amino-acid tryptophan (TRP) undergoes extensive metabolism along several pathways, resulting in the production of many biologically active compounds. The results of many studies have shown that its metabolism via the kynurenine pathway is potently increased in the course of CKD. Metabolites of this pathway exhibit differential, sometimes opposite, roles in several biological processes. Their accumulation in the course of CKD may induce oxidative cell damage which stimulates inflammatory processes. They can also modulate the activity of numerous cellular signaling pathways through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, leading to the disruption of homeostasis of various organs. As a result, they can contribute to the development of the systemic disorders accompanying the course of chronic renal failure. This review gathers and systematizes reports concerning the knowledge connecting the kynurenine pathway metabolites to systemic disorders accompanying the development of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mor
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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27
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APC/C ubiquitin ligase: Functions and mechanisms in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:80-91. [PMID: 32165320 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome (APC/C), is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex essential for cellular division due to its role in regulating the mitotic transition from metaphase to anaphase. In this review, we highlight recent work that has shed light on our understanding of the role of APC/C coactivators, Cdh1 and Cdc20, in cancer initiation and development. We summarize the current state of knowledge regarding APC/C structure and function, as well as the distinct ways Cdh1 and Cdc20 are dysregulated in human cancer. We also discuss APC/C inhibitors, novel approaches for targeting the APC/C as a cancer therapy, and areas for future work.
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28
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Current Perspectives in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101472. [PMID: 31575023 PMCID: PMC6826426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Different immunotherapeutic approaches have proved to be of significant clinical value to many patients with different types of advanced cancer. However, we need more precise immunotherapies and predictive biomarkers to increase the successful response rates. The advent of next generation sequencing technologies and their applications in immuno-oncology has helped us tremendously towards this aim. We are now moving towards the realization of personalized medicine, thus, significantly increasing our expectations for a more successful management of the disease. Here, we discuss the current immunotherapeutic approaches against cancer, including immune checkpoint blockade with an emphasis on anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies. We also analyze a growing list of other co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory markers and emphasize the mechanism of action of the principal pathway for each of these, as well as on drugs that either have been FDA-approved or are under clinical investigation. We further discuss recent advances in other immunotherapies, including cytokine therapy, adoptive cell transfer therapy and therapeutic vaccines. We finally discuss the modulation of gut microbiota composition and response to immunotherapy, as well as how tumor-intrinsic factors and immunological processes influence the mutational and epigenetic landscape of progressing tumors and response to immunotherapy but also how immunotherapeutic intervention influences the landscape of cancer neoepitopes and tumor immunoediting.
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29
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Tian CQ, Chen L, Chen HD, Huan XJ, Hu JP, Shen JK, Xiong B, Wang YQ, Miao ZH. Inhibition of the BET family reduces its new target gene IDO1 expression and the production of L-kynurenine. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:557. [PMID: 31324754 PMCID: PMC6642217 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family members, including BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, act as epigenetic readers to regulate gene expression. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme that participates in tumor immune escape primarily by catalyzing tryptophan to L-kynurenine. Here, we report that IDO1 is a new target gene of the BET family. RNA profiling showed that compound 9, a new BET inhibitor, reduced IDO1 mRNA up to seven times in Ty-82 cells. IDO1 differentially expressed in tumor cells and its expression could be induced with interferon gamma (IFN-γ). BET inhibitors (ABBV-075, JQ1, and OTX015) inhibited both constitutive and IFN-γ-inducible expression of IDO1. Similarly, reduction of BRD2, BRD3, or BRD4 decreased IDO1 expression. All these BET family members bound to the IDO1 promoter via the acetylated histone H3. JQ1 led to their release and reduced enrichment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) on the promoter. IFN-γ increased the binding of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and Pol II on the IDO1 promoter by increasing the acetylation of histone H3, which could be prevented by JQ1 partially or even completely. Furthermore, both JQ1 and OTX015 decreased the production of L-kynurenine. The combination of BET inhibitors with the IDO1 inhibitor further reduced L-kynurenine, though only marginally. Importantly, the BET inhibitor ABBV-075 significantly inhibited the growth of human Ty-82 xenografts in nude mice and reduced both protein and mRNA levels of IDO1 in the xenografts. This finding lays a basis for the potential combination of BET inhibitors and IDO1 inhibitors for the treatment of IDO1-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Qing Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ping Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Kang Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Xiong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying-Qing Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, China. .,Open Studio for Drugability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 266237, Shandong, China.
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30
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Ye Z, Yue L, Shi J, Shao M, Wu T. Role of IDO and TDO in Cancers and Related Diseases and the Therapeutic Implications. J Cancer 2019; 10:2771-2782. [PMID: 31258785 PMCID: PMC6584917 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kynurenine (Kyn) pathway is a significant metabolic pathway of tryptophan (Trp). The metabolites of the Kyn pathway are closely correlated with numerous diseases. Two main enzymes, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO or TDO2), regulate the first and rate-limiting step of the Kyn pathway. These enzymes are directly or indirectly involved in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, cancer, diabetes, and mental disorders. Presently, an increasing number of potential mechanisms have been revealed. In the present review, we depict the structure of IDO and TDO and explicate their functions in various diseases to facilitate a better understanding of them and to indicate new therapeutic plans to target them. Moreover, we summarize the inhibitors of IDO/TDO that are currently under development and their efficacy in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linxiu Yue
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Shao
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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31
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Jia YQ, Yang B, Wen LL, Mu WX, Wang Z, Cheng B. Prognostic value of immune checkpoint molecules in head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:501-522. [PMID: 30668545 PMCID: PMC6366990 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are important targets in cancer immunotherapy, but their association with prognosis in patients with head and neck cancer is controversial. In this meta-analysis, we searched for 12 immune checkpoint molecules in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases and retrieved 52 studies with 7127 participants. Among the molecules included in the search, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed death 1 (PD-1) met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. Higher expression of IDO was associated with poorer overall survival in head and neck cancer patients (P = 0.011), but higher expression of PD-L1 correlated with better overall survival specifically in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (P = 0.01). In a sensitivity analysis, higher PD-L1 expression correlated with better progression-free survival (P = 0.043), and was associated with better overall survival in Caucasian subjects (P = 0.02), nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (P = 0.015), and studies with small sample sizes (P = 0.001). PD-1 had no prognostic significance. There was no publication bias affecting the results. Thus, among the immune checkpoint molecules, IDO and PD-L1 are potential prognostic predictors in head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qun Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Bo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Li-Ling Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Wen-Xin Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, China
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32
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33
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Acovic A, Gazdic M, Jovicic N, Harrell CR, Fellabaum C, Arsenijevic N, Volarevic V. Role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2018; 11:1756284818815334. [PMID: 30574192 PMCID: PMC6295700 DOI: 10.1177/1756284818815334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has the most important role in modulation of tryptophan-dependent effects in the gastrointestinal tract, including modulation of intestinal immune response. An increased IDO activity maintains immune tolerance and attenuates ongoing inflammation but allows immune escape and uncontrolled growth of gastrointestinal tumors. Accordingly, IDO represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In this review article, we summarize current knowledge about molecular and cellular mechanisms that are involved in IDO-dependent effects. We provide a brief outline of experimental and clinical studies that increased our understanding of how enhanced IDO activity: controls host-microbiota interactions in the gut; regulates detrimental immune response in inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal system; and allows immune escape and uncontrolled growth of gastrointestinal tumors. Additionally, we present future perspectives regarding modulation of IDO activity in the gut as possible new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of inflammatory and malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Acovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Crissy Fellabaum
- Regenerative Processing Plant-RPP, LLC, Palm Harbor, Florida, USA
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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34
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Chauhan J, Dasgupta M, Luthra T, Awasthi A, Tripathy S, Banerjee A, Paul S, Nag D, Chakrabarti S, Chakrabarti G, Sen S. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel library of antimitotic C2-aroyl/arylimino tryptamine derivatives that are also potent inhibitors of indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO). Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:249-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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35
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Qi Y, Wang R, Zhao L, Lv L, Zhou F, Zhang T, Lu F, Yan H, Duan G. Celastrol Suppresses Tryptophan Catabolism in Human Colon Cancer Cells as Revealed by Metabolic Profiling and Targeted Metabolite Analysis. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1243-1250. [PMID: 30068874 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Celastrol is well known for its anti-cancer effects, yet its specific mechanisms against colon cancer are still not fully elucidated. In this study, cytotoxic effect of celastrol against HCT116 colon cancer cells was investigated based on cell viability assay and flow cytometry assay, and the possible mechanism was explored using a strategy combining metabolic profiling and targeted metabolite analysis based on ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/MS. Celastrol was found to inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Metabolomics analysis revealed characteristic changes in metabolic profiles of the colon cancer cells, revealing altered levels of amino acids, carnitine, and lipid markers. Most interestingly, with the assistance of targeted metabolite analysis, tryptophan (Trp) level was significantly increased whereas kynurenine (Kyn) level was decreased in colon cancer cells after celastrol treatment, together with markedly declined Kyn/Trp ratios. Western blot analysis revealed that expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the enzyme catalyzing Trp to generate Kyn, was dramatically inhibited in colon cancer cells after celastrol treatment, with a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that suppression of IDO expression and tryptophan catabolism may be part of the mechanisms of celastrol in its cytotoxic effect against HCT116 colon cancer cells. This study provided scientific basis for further development of celastrol on treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Renping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Fan Zhou
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Feng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
| | - Hongli Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University
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Fan G, Tu Y, Chen C, Sun H, Wan C, Cai X. DNA methylation biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:140. [PMID: 30245591 PMCID: PMC6142709 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant methylation of DNA is a key driver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we sought to integrate four cohorts profile datasets to identify such abnormally methylated genes and pathways associated with HCC. Methods To this end, we downloaded microarray datasets examining gene expression (GSE84402, GSE46408) and gene methylation (GSE73003, GSE57956) from the GEO database. Abnormally methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were sorted and pathways were analyzed. The String database was then used to perform enrichment and functional analysis of identified pathways and genes. Cytoscape software was used to create a protein-protein interaction network, and MCODE was used for module analysis. Finally, overall survival analysis of hub genes was performed by the OncoLnc online tool. Results In total, we identified 19 hypomethylated highly expressed genes and 14 hypermethylated lowly expressed genes at the screening step, and finally found six mostly changed hub genes including MAD2L1, CDC20, CCNB1, CCND1, AR and ESR1. Pathway analysis showed that aberrantly methylated-DEGs mainly associated with the cell cycle process, p53 signaling, and MAPK signaling in HCC. After validation in TCGA database, the methylation and expression status of hub genes was significantly altered and same with our results. Patients with high expression of MAD2L1, CDC20 and CCNB1 and low expression of CCND1, AR, and ESR1 was associated with shorter overall survival. Conclusions Taken together, we have identified novel aberrantly methylated genes and pathways linked to HCC, potentially offering novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing HCC progression and serving as novel biomarkers for precision diagnosis and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorun Fan
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Yaqin Tu
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Cai Chen
- 3Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiying Sun
- 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Chidan Wan
- 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Xiong Cai
- 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
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