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Blandon IR, DiBona E, Battenhouse A, Vargas S, Mace C, Seemann F. Analysis of the Skin and Brain Transcriptome of Normally Pigmented and Pseudo-Albino Southern Flounder ( Paralichthys lethostigma) Juveniles to Study the Molecular Mechanisms of Hypopigmentation and Its Implications for Species Survival in the Natural Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7775. [PMID: 39063015 PMCID: PMC11277284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Southern flounder skin pigmentation is a critical phenotypic characteristic for this species' survival in the natural environment. Normal pigmentation allows rapid changes of color for concealment to capture prey and UV light protection. In contrast, highly visible hypopigmented pseudo-albinos exhibit a compromised immune system and are vulnerable to predation, sensitive to UV exposure, and likely have poor survival in the wild. Skin and brain tissue samples from normally pigmented and hypopigmented individuals were analyzed with next-generation RNA sequencing. A total of 1,589,613 transcripts were used to identify 952,825 genes to assemble a de novo transcriptome, with 99.43% of genes mapped to the assembly. Differential gene expression and gene enrichment analysis of contrasting tissues and phenotypes revealed that pseudo-albino individuals appeared more susceptible to environmental stress, UV light exposure, hypoxia, and osmotic stress. The pseudo-albinos' restricted immune response showed upregulated genes linked to cancer development, signaling and response, skin tissue formation, regeneration, and healing. The data indicate that a modified skin collagen structure likely affects melanocyte differentiation and distribution, generating the pseudo-albino phenotype. In addition, the comparison of the brain transcriptome revealed changes in myelination and melanocyte stem cell activity, which may indicate modified brain function, reduced melanocyte migration, and impaired vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne R. Blandon
- Coastal Fisheries Division CCA Marine Development Center, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 4300 Waldron Rd., Corpus Christi, TX 78418, USA
| | - Elizabeth DiBona
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
| | - Anna Battenhouse
- Center for Biochemical Research Computing Facility, University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sean Vargas
- Genomic Core Facility, University of Texas at San Antonio, UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;
| | - Christopher Mace
- Coastal Fisheries Division CCA Marine Development Center, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, 4300 Waldron Rd., Corpus Christi, TX 78418, USA
| | - Frauke Seemann
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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Jiang L, Yoo Y. Adolescents' short-form video addiction and sleep quality: the mediating role of social anxiety. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:369. [PMID: 38943173 PMCID: PMC11214215 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01865-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period for individual growth and development. Insufficient sleep adversely affects adolescents' physical development, blood pressure, vision, and cognitive function. This study examined the effect of short-form video addiction on adolescents' sleep quality, as well as the mediating role of social anxiety, to identify methods for improving adolescents' sleep quality in the Internet era. METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted in this cross-sectional study on 1629 adolescents recruited from three high schools. Their short-form video addiction, social anxiety, and sleep quality were evaluated using corresponding scales. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to analyze the relationships among short-form video addiction, sleep quality, and social anxiety. Mediating effect analysis was constructed using AMOS 20.0 statistical software. RESULTS Participants' sleep quality score is 6.12 ± 3.29 points. The detection rate of sleep quality among them is 31.06%. Short-form video addiction, sleep quality, and social anxiety are significantly correlated (r = 0.439, 0.404, 0.457, P < 0.001). The direct effect of short-form video addiction on sleep quality is 0.248, accounting for 62.4% of the total effect. The indirect effect exerted through social anxiety is 0.149, accounting for 37.6%. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disorders are very common among Chinese adolescents. Short-form video addiction is positively correlated with adolescents' sleep quality and social anxiety. Social anxiety partially mediates the relationship between short-form video addiction and sleep quality. The adverse effects of short-form video addiction and social anxiety on the sleep quality of this group must be minimized. Schools are recommended to implement measures to promote sleep quality among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Physical Education Institute, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Yizoon Yoo
- Chonnam University, Jeollanam do, Gwangju, South Korea
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Ascsillán AA, Kemény LV. The Skin-Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6199. [PMID: 38892387 PMCID: PMC11172643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin-brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease and many others. Recent evidence suggests that pathways regulating skin pigmentation may directly and indirectly regulate behaviour. Conversely, CNS-driven neural and hormonal responses have been demonstrated to regulate pigmentation, e.g., under stress. Additionally, due to the shared neuroectodermal origins of the melanocytes and neurons in the CNS, certain CNS diseases may be linked to pigmentation-related changes due to common regulators, e.g., MC1R variations. Furthermore, the HPA analogue of the skin connects skin pigmentation to the endocrine system, thereby allowing the skin to index possible hormonal abnormalities visibly. In this review, insight is provided into skin pigment production and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain and recent findings are summarised on how signalling pathways in the skin, with a particular focus on pigmentation, are interconnected with the central nervous system. Thus, this review may supply a better understanding of the mechanism of several skin-brain associations in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Ascsillán
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lajos V. Kemény
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Translational Dermatology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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Firth J, Torous J, López-Gil JF, Linardon J, Milton A, Lambert J, Smith L, Jarić I, Fabian H, Vancampfort D, Onyeaka H, Schuch FB, Firth JA. From "online brains" to "online lives": understanding the individualized impacts of Internet use across psychological, cognitive and social dimensions. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:176-190. [PMID: 38727074 PMCID: PMC11083903 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the mass adoption and extensive usage of Internet-enabled devices across the world, a major review published in this journal in 2019 examined the impact of Internet on human cognition, discussing the concepts and ideas behind the "online brain". Since then, the online world has become further entwined with the fabric of society, and the extent to which we use such technologies has continued to grow. Furthermore, the research evidence on the ways in which Internet usage affects the human mind has advanced considerably. In this paper, we sought to draw upon the latest data from large-scale epidemiological studies and systematic reviews, along with randomized controlled trials and qualitative research recently emerging on this topic, in order to now provide a multi-dimensional overview of the impacts of Internet usage across psychological, cognitive and societal outcomes. Within this, we detail the empirical evidence on how effects differ according to various factors such as age, gender, and usage types. We also draw from new research examining more experiential aspects of individuals' online lives, to understand how the specifics of their interactions with the Internet, and the impact on their lifestyle, determine the benefits or drawbacks of online time. Additionally, we explore how the nascent but intriguing areas of culturomics, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and augmented reality are changing our understanding of how the Internet can interact with brain and behavior. Overall, the importance of taking an individualized and multi-dimensional approach to how the Internet affects mental health, cognition and social functioning is clear. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for guidelines, policies and initiatives around Internet usage to make full use of the evidence available from neuroscientific, behavioral and societal levels of research presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John Torous
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyssa Milton
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Fabian
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henry Onyeaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad Autônoma de Chile, Providência, Chile
| | - Josh A Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Kohnen T, Hammond BR. Blue Light Filtration in Intraocular Lenses: Effects on Visual Function and Systemic Health. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:1575-1586. [PMID: 38835885 PMCID: PMC11149638 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s448426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Blue light-filtering (BLF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) are designed to mimic the healthy natural adult crystalline lens. Studies that evaluated the relative merit of ultraviolet-only IOL design (ie, blocking wavelengths <400 nm) versus BLF IOL design (ie, filtering wavelengths ~400-475 nm in addition to blocking wavelengths <400 nm) on protection and function of the visual system suggest that neither design had a deleterious impact on visual acuity or contrast sensitivity. A BLF design may reduce some aspects of glare, such as veiling and photostress. BLF has been shown in many contexts to improve visual performance under conditions that are stressed by blue light, such as distance vision impaired by short-wave dominant haze. Furthermore, some data (mostly inferential) support the notion that BLF IOLs reduce actinic stress. Biomimetic BLF IOLs represent a conservative approach to IOL design that provides no harm for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, or color vision while improving vision under certain circumstances (eg, glare).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kohnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Billy R Hammond
- Vision Sciences Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Ding H, Chen XC, Wan L, Zhang YY, Rui XH, He T, Liu J, Shang ZB. Klebsiella pneumoniae alters zebrafish circadian rhythm via inflammatory pathways and is dependent on light cues. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30829. [PMID: 38770281 PMCID: PMC11103479 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing severe infections. The circadian rhythm is the internal rhythm mechanism of an organism and plays an important role in coping with changes in the 24-h circadian rhythm. Disruption of the circadian rhythm can lead to immune, behavioral, mental, and other related disorders. Whether K. pneumoniae can disrupt the circadian rhythm after infection remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044 infection on biological rhythm and inflammation in zebrafish using behavioral assays, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, neutrophil and macrophage transgenic fish, and drug treatment. The results showed that K. pneumoniae infection decreased the motor activity of zebrafish and reduced the circadian rhythm amplitude, phase, and period. The expression of core circadian rhythm-associated genes increased under light-dark conditions, whereas they were downregulated under continuous darkness. Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae-mediated inflammation using Tg(mpx:EGFP) and Tg(mpeg:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish, expressing fluorescent neutrophils and macrophages, respectively, showed increased induction of inflammatory cells, upregulated expression of inflammatory factor genes, and stronger inflammatory responses under light-dark conditions. These effects were reversed by the anti-inflammatory drug G6PDi-1, and the expression of clock genes following K. pneumoniae treatment was disrupted. We determined the relationship among K. pneumoniae, inflammation, and the circadian rhythm, providing a theoretical reference for studying circadian rhythm disorders caused by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Xiao-chun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225411, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Ying-ying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Xiao-hong Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Zhong-bo Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
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Chow CM, Ekanayake K, Hackett D. Efficacy of Morning Shorter Wavelength Lighting in the Visible (Blue) Range and Broad-Spectrum or Blue-Enriched Bright White Light in Regulating Sleep, Mood, and Fatigue in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:255-266. [PMID: 38920419 PMCID: PMC11202910 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) profoundly affects sleep, mood, and fatigue, impeding daily functioning and recovery. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of morning shorter wavelength lighting in the visible (blue) range and broad-spectrum or blue-enriched bright white light exposure in mitigating these challenges among TBI patients. Through electronic database searches up to May 2023, studies assessing sleep, circadian rhythm, sleepiness, mood, and fatigue outcomes in TBI patients exposed to morning shorter wavelength lighting in the visible (blue) range and broad-spectrum or blue-enriched bright white light were identified. Seven studies involving 309 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results indicated consistent advancement in sleep timing among individuals with mild TBI, alongside improvements in total sleep time, mood, and reduced sleepiness with both types of light exposure, particularly in mild TBI cases. Notably, two studies demonstrated alleviation of fatigue exclusively in severe TBI cases following light exposure. Despite promising findings, evidence remains limited, emphasizing the need for future research with standardized protocols to confirm the potential and optimize the benefits of light therapy for TBI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Moi Chow
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (K.E.); (D.H.)
- Sleep Research Group, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Kanchana Ekanayake
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (K.E.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniel Hackett
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; (K.E.); (D.H.)
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Joustra A, Quinn L, Walker V. Recognition, prevention and management of 'digital harm'. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2024; 109:120-124. [PMID: 38267196 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The digital world continues to evolve and is apparent in all aspects of daily life. For children and young people, their online life is as real to them as their in-person life. Health professionals urgently need to update their knowledge and awareness of the positive and negative impacts of the myriad of online content and how this is viewed and used by children and young people. Digital harm can contribute to multiple clinical presentations and paediatricians must ask about online life in consultations and be able to provide holistic digital safety advice, while recognising serious digital harm requiring safeguarding input.This article will introduce the main areas of harm and how to include assessment in routine clinical practice. It will equip paediatricians to offer advice and safeguard children and young people and offer resources and links to further learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Joustra
- Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Lauren Quinn
- Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Vicki Walker
- Paediatrics, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, UK
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Chen H, Zhao D, Guo Z, Ma D, Wu Y, Chen G, Liu Y, Kong T, Wang F. U-shaped relationship between lights-out time and nocturnal oxygen saturation during the first trimester: An analysis based on the nuMOM2b-SDB data. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29494. [PMID: 38681541 PMCID: PMC11053181 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Preventing adverse events due to unstable oxygen saturation (SpO2) at night in pregnant women is of utmost importance. Poor sleep has been demonstrated to impact SpO2 levels. Nowadays, many gravida have a habit of prolonged exposure to light before sleep, which can disrupt their sleep. Therefore, this study aimed at investigate the relationship between lights-out time, sleep parameters and SpO2, exploring the underlying mechanisms. Methods The data of 2881 eligible subjects from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-be and Sleep Disordered Breathing (nuMOM2b-SDB) database were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship between lights-out time and SpO2. In addition, restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to fit the nonlinear correlation between the two variables. The smoothing curve method was further utilized to depict the relationship between lights-out time and SpO2 based on various subgroup variables. Results All participants were categorized according to race/ethnicity. A negative correlation was observed between nighttime lights-out time and average value of SpO2 (Avg-SpO2) (β = -0.05, p = 0.010). RCS revealed a U-shaped relationship between lights-out time and Avg-SpO2, with the turning point at 22:00. The subcomponent stratification results indicated that the Avg-SpO2 and minimum value of SpO2(Min-SpO2) of advanced maternal age decreased as the lights-out time was delayed. Furthermore, overweight and obese gravida showed lower Avg-SpO2 and Min-SpO2 levels than normal weight. Conclusions A U-shaped relationship was identified between lights-out time and nocturnal Avg-SpO2 during early pregnancy, with the inflection at 22:00. Notably, later lights-out times are associated with lower levels of Min-SpO2 for advanced maternal age. The findings suggest that appropriately adjusting the duration of light exposure before sleep and maintaining a relatively restful state may be more beneficial for the stability of SpO2 in pregnant women. Conversely, deviations from these practices could potentially lead to pathological alterations in SpO2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Chen
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, 010110, China
| | - Duo Ma
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Guangxue Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, 102208, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830063, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100096, China
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Sharp N, Burish MJ, Digre KB, Ailani J, Fani M, Lamp S, Schwedt TJ. Photophobia is associated with lower sleep quality in individuals with migraine: results from the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR). J Headache Pain 2024; 25:55. [PMID: 38609895 PMCID: PMC11015590 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with migraine often have poor sleep quality between and during migraine attacks. Furthermore, extensive research has identified photophobia as the most common and most bothersome symptom in individuals with migraine, second only to headache. Seeking the comfort of darkness is a common strategy for managing pain during an attack and preventing its recurrence between episodes. Given the well-established effects of daily light exposure on circadian activity rhythms and sleep quality, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between photophobia symptoms and sleep quality in a cohort of patients with migraine. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using existing data extracted from the American Registry for Migraine Research (ARMR). Participants with a migraine diagnosis who had completed the baseline questionnaires (Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2)), and selected questions of the ARMR Sleep questionnaire were included. Models were created to describe the relationship of photophobia and photophilia with various sleep facets, including sleep quality (SQ), sleep disturbance (SDis), sleep onset latency (SOL), sleep-related impairments (SRI), and insomnia. Each model was controlled for age, sex, headache frequency, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS A total of 852 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis (mean age (SD) = 49.8 (13.9), 86.6% (n = 738) female). Those with photophobia exhibited significantly poorer sleep quality compared to patients without photophobia (p < 0.001). Photophobia scores were associated with SQ (p < 0.001), SDis (p < 0.001), SOL (p = 0.011), SRI (p = 0.020), and insomnia (p = 0.005) after controlling for age, sex, headache frequency, depression, and anxiety, signifying that higher levels of photophobia were associated with worse sleep-related outcomes. Conversely, photophilia scores were associated with better sleep-related outcomes for SQ (p < 0.007), SOL (p = 0.010), and insomnia (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Results suggest that photophobia is a significant predictor of poor sleep quality and sleep disturbances in migraine. These results underscore the necessity for comprehensive and systematic investigations into the intricate interplay between photophobia and sleep to enhance our understanding and develop tailored solutions for individuals with migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sharp
- The Design School, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Mark J Burish
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen B Digre
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Neurology, John A Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jessica Ailani
- Department of Neurology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mahya Fani
- The Design School, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Sophia Lamp
- Psychology Department, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Todd J Schwedt
- Neurology Department, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Serrage HJ, O’ Neill CA, Uzunbajakava NE. Illuminating microflora: shedding light on the potential of blue light to modulate the cutaneous microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1307374. [PMID: 38660491 PMCID: PMC11039841 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1307374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous diseases (such as atopic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, alopecia and chronic wounds) rank as the fourth most prevalent human disease, affecting nearly one-third of the world's population. Skin diseases contribute to significant non-fatal disability globally, impacting individuals, partners, and society at large. Recent evidence suggests that specific microbes colonising our skin and its appendages are often overrepresented in disease. Therefore, manipulating interactions of the microbiome in a non-invasive and safe way presents an attractive approach for management of skin and hair follicle conditions. Due to its proven anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects, blue light (380 - 495nm) has received considerable attention as a possible 'magic bullet' for management of skin dysbiosis. As humans, we have evolved under the influence of sun exposure, which comprise a significant portion of blue light. A growing body of evidence indicates that our resident skin microbiome possesses the ability to detect and respond to blue light through expression of chromophores. This can modulate physiological responses, ranging from cytotoxicity to proliferation. In this review we first present evidence of the diverse blue light-sensitive chromophores expressed by members of the skin microbiome. Subsequently, we discuss how blue light may impact the dialog between the host and its skin microbiome in prevalent skin and hair follicle conditions. Finally, we examine the constraints of this non-invasive treatment strategy and outline prospective avenues for further research. Collectively, these findings present a comprehensive body of evidence regarding the potential utility of blue light as a restorative tool for managing prevalent skin conditions. Furthermore, they underscore the critical unmet need for a whole systems approach to comprehend the ramifications of blue light on both host and microbial behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Serrage
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. O’ Neill
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Zhang D, Zhu M, He Y, Cao Q, Gao Y, Li H, Lu G, Cui Q, Shen Y, He H, Dai X, Ye Z. Efficient and bright broadband electroluminescence based on environment-friendly metal halide nanoclusters. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:82. [PMID: 38584197 PMCID: PMC10999448 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Broadband electroluminescence based on environment-friendly emitters is promising for healthy lighting yet remains an unprecedented challenge to progress. The copper halide-based emitters are competitive candidates for broadband emission, but their high-performance electroluminescence shows inadequate broad emission bandwidth of less than 90 nm. Here, we demonstrate efficient ultra-broadband electroluminescence from a copper halide (CuI) nanocluster single emitter prepared by a one-step solution synthesis-deposition process, through dedicated design of ligands and subtle selection of solvents. The CuI nanocluster exhibits high rigidity in the excitation state as well as dual-emissive modes of phosphorescence and temperature-activated delayed fluorescence, enabling the uniform cluster-composed film to show excellent stability and high photoluminescent efficiency. In consequence, ultra-broadband light-emitting diodes (LEDs) present nearly identical performance in an inert or air atmosphere without encapsulation and outstanding high-temperature operation performance, reaching an emission full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ~120 nm, a peak external quantum efficiency of 13%, a record maximum luminance of ~50,000 cd m-2, and an operating half-lifetime of 137 h at 100 cd m-2. The results highlight the potential of copper halide nanoclusters for next-generation healthy lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingshuo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiyi Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifan He
- Wenzhou XINXINTAIJING Tech. Co. Ltd., 325006, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingli Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guochao Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaopeng Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongmiao Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiping He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou XINXINTAIJING Tech. Co. Ltd., 325006, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006, Wenzhou, China.
- Wenzhou XINXINTAIJING Tech. Co. Ltd., 325006, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006, Wenzhou, China.
- Wenzhou XINXINTAIJING Tech. Co. Ltd., 325006, Wenzhou, China.
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Kuki A, Terui A, Sakamoto Y, Osato A, Mikami T, Nakamura K, Saito M. Prevalence and factors of sleep problems among Japanese children: a population-based study. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1332723. [PMID: 38638584 PMCID: PMC11024267 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1332723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background High prevalence of sleep problems in not only children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDS) but also non NDS has been established. However, there are few studies that have looked into population-based and age-specific prevalence of sleep problems of children. Moreover, there are even fewer studies that have investigated the correlation of demographic and lifestyle-related factors affecting sleep problems in children. Considering these, the purpose of this study is to assess the correlation of the prevalence of sleep problems and selected socio-demographic and lifestyle-related factors in 5-year-old Japanese children in population-based study. Methods Study children (SC) were recruited from two cohorts of the Hirosaki City 5-Year-Old Child Developmental Health Checkup Study. The first cohort consisted of 281 (162 males, 119 females) children recruited from 2014 to 2015, and the second cohort consisted of 2055 (1,068 males, 987 females) children from 2018 to 2019. In total there were 2,336 SC participants (1,230 males and 1,106 females). To determine the prevalence of sleep problems the Japanese Sleep Questionnaire for Preschoolers (JSQ-P) was utilized, and sleep problems are defined by a total score of ≥86. To determine socio-demographic and lifestyle-related factors affecting sleep, 10 factors (NDS diagnosis, birth month, childcare place, income, number of siblings, bedtime, waking time, sleeping hours, sleep onset delay, and screen time) were selected. Finally, to determine the correlation between prevalence of sleep problems and the selected demographic and lifestyle-related factors, data was analyzed using chi-square test. Results The prevalence rate of sleep problems in 5-year-olds was 18% (369/2,055). Further, the prevalence of sleep problems was high in participants with ASD (50.4%), ADHD (39.8%), <2 million yen of income (30.5%), no siblings (24.2%), >22:00 of bedtime (30.7%), >7:30 of waking time (30.7%), <9 h of sleeping hours (25.3%), >30 min of sleep onset delay (35.3%), and ≥2 h of screen time (21.1%). Conclusion The findings report 18% prevalence rate of sleep problems in 5-year-old children. Further, the findings establish a significant correlation of sleep problems and NDS, specific socio-demographic, and lifestyle-related factors. In considering the identified modifiable lifestyle-related factors contributing to sleep problems among the participants (i.e., bed/waking times and screen times), sleep programs to address these concerns are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Kuki
- School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ai Terui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yui Sakamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Osato
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tamaki Mikami
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Saito
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
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Mortazavi SAR, Tahmasebi S, Lech JC, Welsh JS, Taleie A, Rezaianzadeh A, Zamani A, Mega K, Nematollahi S, Zamani A, Mortazavi SMJ, Sihver L. Digital Screen Time and the Risk of Female Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Matched Case-Control Study. J Biomed Phys Eng 2024; 14:169-182. [PMID: 38628888 PMCID: PMC11016821 DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2310-1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background As the use of electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and computers continues to rise globally, concerns have been raised about their potential impact on human health. Exposure to high energy visible (HEV) blue light, emitted from digital screens, particularly the so-called artificial light at night (ALAN), has been associated with adverse health effects, ranging from disruption of circadian rhythms to cancer. Breast cancer incidence rates are also increasing worldwide. Objective This study aimed at finding a correlation between breast cancer and exposure to blue light from mobile phone. Material and Methods In this retrospective matched case-control study, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to blue light from mobile phone screens is associated with an increased risk of female breast cancer. We interviewed 301 breast cancer patients (cases) and 294 controls using a standard questionnaire and performed multivariate analysis, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests for data analysis. Results Although heavy users in the case group of our study had a statistically significant higher mean 10-year cumulative exposure to digital screens compared to the control group (7089±14985 vs 4052±12515 hours, respectively, P=0.038), our study did not find a strong relationship between exposure to HEV and development of breast cancer. Conclusion Our findings suggest that heavy exposure to HEV blue light emitted from mobile phone screens at night might constitute a risk factor for promoting the development of breast cancer, but further large-scale cohort studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedigheh Tahmasebi
- Breast Cancer Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - James C Lech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam (UMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- International EMF Project & Optical Radiation, World Health Organization, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - James S Welsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Edward Hines Jr Veterans Affairs Hospital, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Abdorasoul Taleie
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zamani
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kanu Mega
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, UA
| | - Samaneh Nematollahi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zamani
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
- Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lembit Sihver
- Department of Radiation Physics, Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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VoPham T, Ton M, Weaver MD. Spatiotemporal light exposure modeling for environmental circadian misalignment and solar jetlag. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e301. [PMID: 38617425 PMCID: PMC11008630 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Light exposure is the most powerful resetting signal for circadian rhythms. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a high-resolution geospatial light exposure model that measures environmental circadian misalignment (or solar jetlag) as the mismatch between the social clock and sun clock, which occurs from geographic variation in light exposure leading to delayed circadian phase from relatively less morning light exposure and greater evening light exposure with increasing westward position within a time zone. Methods The light exposure model (30 m2 spatial resolution) incorporated geospatial data across the United States on time zones, elevation (using Google Earth Engine), sunrise time, and sunset time to estimate solar jetlag scores (higher values indicate higher environmental circadian misalignment). The validation study compared the light exposure model in 2022, which was linked with geocoded residential addresses of n = 20 participants in Boston, MA (eastern time zone position) and Seattle, WA (western time zone position) using a geographic information system, with illuminance values captured from wearable LYS light sensors and with sun times from the Solar Calculator. Results Western versus eastern positions within a time zone were associated with higher solar jetlag scores from the light exposure model (P < 0.01) and relatively larger differences in sunset time measured using light sensors (social clock) and the Solar Calculator (sun clock) (P = 0.04). Conclusion We developed and validated a geospatial light exposure model, enabling high spatiotemporal resolution and comprehensive characterization of geographic variation in light exposure potentially impacting circadian phase in epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang VoPham
- Epidemiology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mimi Ton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Cancer Prevention Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Matthew D. Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wang C, Zhao Y, Hong Q, Lei Y, Wang S, Wang W, Wei W, Sun C, Han T. The association between blue light exposure and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A prospective study of UK biobank. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118070. [PMID: 38157962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common type of diabetes. However, research on the relationship between blue light exposure and diabetes development is limited. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between blue light exposure and T2D incidence and whether it is affected by sleep duration, physical activity, outdoor activity time, and genetic susceptibility. METHODS A total of 471,686 participants without diabetes were recruited from the UK Biobank cohort. T2D incidence was assessed using hospital inpatient records. Blue light exposure was calculated based on the time spent watching TV, using a computer, and playing computer games, which was determined using an online questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the survival relationship between blue light exposure and T2D, as well as the potential modification effects. RESULT A total of 18,738 cases of T2D were documented during the median follow-up of 13.04 years. After adjusting for potential confounders, the participants with heavy blue light exposure had a greater risk of T2D compared to those with mild blue light exposure (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-1.23). A significant association between blue light exposure and T2D risk was observed among the participants with heavy physical activity (HR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.25-1.55), healthy sleep habits (HR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.10-1.36), higher outdoor activity time (HR = 1.14, 95%CI: 1.07-1.22), or high genetic susceptibility (HR = 1.24, 95%CI: 1.14-1.35). However, this association became non-significant among the participants with low genetic susceptibility (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.97-1.15). CONCLUSION The present study showed that blue light exposure is associated with a greater risk of T2D independent of classical T2D risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qianqi Hong
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin 150056, China
| | - Yating Lei
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150081, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin150081, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wei Wei
- The National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- The National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Tianshu Han
- The National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, China.
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Lago JC, Ganzerla MD, Dias ALA, Savietto JP. The Influence of Blue Light Exposure on Reconstructed 3-Dimensional Skin Model: Molecular Changes and Gene Expression Profile. JID INNOVATIONS 2024; 4:100252. [PMID: 38328595 PMCID: PMC10848142 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2023.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have provided information about digital eye strain and the potential damage that blue light from digital devices can cause to the eyes. In this study, we analyzed the influence of blue light exposure on reconstructed 3-dimensional skin model using RNA sequencing to identify the expression of transcripts and abnormal events. Three-dimensional skin was exposed to visible light spectrum and isolated blue wavelength for 1, 2, and 4 hours to represent acute exposure and 1 hour over 4 sequential days to represent repeated exposure, respectively, in this in vitro model. We compared gene expression levels with those of unexposed control. Samples submitted to repeated exposure showed reduced AK2 and DDX47, whereas they showed increased PABPC3 gene expression, revealing a significantly negative impact. RT-PCR validation assay with exposed 3-dimensional skin compared with unexposed control regarding 1 and 4 days of incubation showed increased IL-6 signaling mechanism activation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 gene STAT3 gene expression, whereas it showed decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling mechanism activation, suggesting an influence on inflammatory pathways. We also demonstrate upregulated gene expression of KIT, MAPK2, and PI3KC in samples from exposed condition, corroborating previous findings related to pigmentation signaling stimuli. These results reveal, to our knowledge, previously unreported data that enable studies on molecular response correlation of in vitro digital blue light exposure and human skin studies.
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Morrow T. Summary of a Cochrane review: Blue-light filtering spectacle lenses for visual performance, sleep, and macular health in adults. Explore (NY) 2024; 20:274-275. [PMID: 38281849 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Trinity Morrow
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill and Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field, North Carolina, USA.
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Narala B, Ahsan M, Ednick M, Kier C. Delayed sleep wake phase disorder in adolescents: an updated review. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024; 36:124-132. [PMID: 38054481 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the most common circadian rhythm disorder in adolescents, delayed sleep phase disorder. It explores the etiology, prevalence, clinical features, diagnostic tools and criteria, and treatment options to identify sleep disorders early in the course. This is important to help improve youths in terms of education and quality of life. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies indicate that delayed sleep wake phase disorder has a range of prevalence between 1% and 16%. It is often associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder) as well as psychopathology (i.e. substance use, anxiety, and depression). It can present with a myriad of symptoms, such as insomnia, restless sleep, and poor daytime cognitive function, often seen in pediatric practice. Important diagnostic measures incorporate history-taking, sleep logs, actigraphy (i.e. Apple watches) and measurement of dim light melatonin onset. Treatments include improved sleep hygiene, chronotherapy, exogenous melatonin administration, and bright light therapy. SUMMARY There are many environmental and genetic factors that can predispose an individual to circadian rhythm disorders. Delayed sleep phase disorder has detrimental effects on overall health, cognition, and behavior. It is important to screen for this disorder in routine pediatric clinic visits. The goal of early intervention is to prevent health and behavioral complications and treat adolescents using a multimodal approach, especially those with affective/neurodevelopmental conditions, who are prone to having delayed sleep wake phase disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Narala
- Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Wu Y, Zhao M, Deng H, Wang T, Xin Y, Dai W, Huang J, Zhou T, Sun X, Liu N, Xing D. The neural origin for asymmetric coding of surface color in the primate visual cortex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:516. [PMID: 38225259 PMCID: PMC10789876 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The coding privilege of end-spectral hues (red and blue) in the early visual cortex has been reported in primates. However, the origin of such bias remains unclear. Here, we provide a complete picture of the end-spectral bias in visual system by measuring fMRI signals and spiking activities in macaques. The correlated end-spectral biases between the LGN and V1 suggest a subcortical source for asymmetric coding. Along the ventral pathway from V1 to V4, red bias against green peaked in V1 and then declined, whereas blue bias against yellow showed an increasing trend. The feedforward and recurrent modifications of end-spectral bias were further revealed by dynamic causal modeling analysis. Moreover, we found that the strongest end-spectral bias in V1 was in layer 4C[Formula: see text]. Our results suggest that end-spectral bias already exists in the LGN and is transmitted to V1 mainly through the parvocellular pathway, then embellished by cortical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Minghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haoyun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yumeng Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Weifeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiancao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Dajun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Gorbachevskii AV, Kicherova OA, Reikhert LI. [The role of astrocytes, circadian rhythms and light pollution in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:20-25. [PMID: 39072562 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412406120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Currently, more and more importance is being attached to the interaction of brain neurons with astrocytes in order to study the pathogenesis, and in the future, to develop methods for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain. In this review article, the authors attempt to demonstrate the role of astrocytes, disturbances in circadian rhythms, sleep-wake patterns, and light pollution in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Based on the analysis of literature data, possible mechanisms of synchronization and desynchronization of these processes are presented.
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Hirt MR, Evans DM, Miller CR, Ryser R. Light pollution in complex ecological systems. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220351. [PMID: 37899008 PMCID: PMC10613538 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Light pollution has emerged as a burgeoning area of scientific interest, receiving increasing attention in recent years. The resulting body of literature has revealed a diverse array of species-specific and context-dependent responses to artificial light at night (ALAN). Because predicting and generalizing community-level effects is difficult, our current comprehension of the ecological impacts of light pollution on complex ecological systems remains notably limited. It is critical to better understand ALAN's effects at higher levels of ecological organization in order to comprehend and mitigate the repercussions of ALAN on ecosystem functioning and stability amidst ongoing global change. This theme issue seeks to explore the effects of light pollution on complex ecological systems, by bridging various realms and scaling up from individual processes and functions to communities and networks. Through this integrated approach, this collection aims to shed light on the intricate interplay between light pollution, ecological dynamics and humans in a world increasingly impacted by anthropogenic lighting. This article is part of the theme issue 'Light pollution in complex ecological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam R. Hirt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Darren M. Evans
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LB, UK
| | - Colleen R. Miller
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Remo Ryser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
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Sun Q, Yang Y, Liu J, Ye F, Chen Y, Liu D, Zhang Q. Association between exposure to outdoor artificial light at night and the risk of preterm birth. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1280790. [PMID: 38162621 PMCID: PMC10756648 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1280790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the association between outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) exposure during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth (PTB). Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted, and data were collected from pregnant women residing in Beijing, China. The level of ALAN exposure during pregnancy was estimated using remote sensing satellite data. Propensity score matching was utilized to match the control group. Logistic and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the association between ALAN and the risk of PTB. The odds ratio (OR) and partial regression coefficient (β) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were utilized to assess the association. Results A total of 2,850 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. ALAN (nW/cm2/sr) exposure was higher in the PTB group than in the control group during first trimester (mean ± standard deviation: 25.30 ± 17.91 vs. 17.56 ± 14.74, p < 0.001) and second trimester (27.07 ± 18.10 vs. 21.93 ± 16.08, p < 0.001). A negative association was found between ALAN exposure and gestation day in the first (β = -0.151, 95%CI: -0.217 to -0.085, p < 0.001) and second trimesters (β = -0.077, 95%CI: -0.139 to -0.015, p = 0.015). ALAN was identified as a risk factor for PTB during the first trimester (OR = 1.032, 95%CI: 1.025-1.040, p < 0.001) and the second trimester (OR = 1.018, 95%CI: 1.011-1.025, p < 0.001), while no significant association was observed in the third trimester. Conclusion Our study suggesting that exposure to outdoor ALAN, especially during first and second trimester, was associated with the risk of PTB. These findings highlight the potential impact of ALAN on pregnancy health and offer new insights into the risk of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ye
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanmei Chen
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Die Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Stoner L, Higgins S, Paterson C. The 24-h activity cycle and cardiovascular outcomes: establishing biological plausibility using arterial stiffness as an intermediate outcome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1243-H1263. [PMID: 37737729 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00258.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
This review proposes a biologically plausible working model for the relationship between the 24-h activity cycle (24-HAC) and cardiovascular disease. The 24-HAC encompasses moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep. MVPA confers the greatest relative cardioprotective effect, when considering MVPA represents just 2% of the day if physical activity guidelines (30 min/day) are met. While we have well-established guidelines for MVPA, those for the remaining activity behaviors are vague. The vague guidelines are attributable to our limited mechanistic understanding of the independent and additive effects of these behaviors on the cardiovascular system. Our proposed biological model places arterial stiffness, a measure of vascular aging, as the key intermediate outcome. Starting with prolonged exposure to SB or static standing, we propose that the reported transient increases in arterial stiffness are driven by a cascade of negative hemodynamic effects following venous pooling. The subsequent autonomic, metabolic, and hormonal changes further impair vascular function. Vascular dysfunction can be offset by using mechanistic-informed interruption strategies and by engaging in protective behaviors throughout the day. Physical activity, especially MVPA, can confer protection by chronically improving endothelial function and associated protective mechanisms. Conversely, poor sleep, especially in duration and quality, negatively affects hormonal, metabolic, autonomic, and hemodynamic variables that can confound the physiological responses to next-day activity behaviors. Our hope is that the proposed biologically plausible working model will assist in furthering our understanding of the effects of these complex, interrelated activity behaviors on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Stoner
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, The Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Simon Higgins
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Craig Paterson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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Liang X, Wang Z, Cai H, Zeng YQ, Chen J, Wei X, Dong G, Huang Y, Lao XQ. Outdoor light at night and mortality in the UK Biobank: a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2023:oemed-2023-109036. [PMID: 38053269 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 83% of the world's population lives under light-polluted skies while information about health effects of outdoor light at night (LAN) is limited. We examined the association of LAN with natural cause (NC) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality using the UK Biobank. METHODS We included 273 335 participants recruited between 2006 and 2010. Level of LAN was estimated at each participant's address using time-varying satellite data for a composite of persistent night-time illumination at ~1 km2 scale. Information on causes of death until 12 November 2021 was obtained through record linkage. Cox proportional hazards regression was used. RESULTS In the follow-up with an average of 12.4 years, 14 864 NC and 3100 CVD deaths were identified. Compared with the participants exposed to the first quartile of LAN, participants exposed to the highest quartile showed an 8% higher risk of NC mortality (HR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.13) after adjusting for age, sex, social-economic status, shift work, lifestyle factors and body mass index. However, the association disappeared after further adjustment for PM2.5 and evening noise, with HRs (95% CIs) of 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07), 1.01 (0.97 to 1.06) and 1.03 (0.97 to 1.08), respectively, for the participants exposed to the second, third and fourth quartiles of LAN. No significant associations were observed between LAN and CVD mortality, either. CONCLUSIONS We did not observe significant associations of LAN with NC and CVD mortality in this large nationwide cohort. The health effects of LAN remain unclear. Further studies are warranted to address this public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Honglin Cai
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Qian Zeng
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinjian Chen
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xianglin Wei
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Qian Lao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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26
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Goel A, Moinuddin A, Tiwari R, Sethi Y, Suhail MK, Mohan A, Kaka N, Sarthi P, Dutt R, Ahmad SF, Attia SM, Emran TB, Chopra H, Greig NH. Effect of Smartphone Use on Sleep in Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2891. [PMID: 37958035 PMCID: PMC10649238 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphone use, particularly at night, has been shown to provoke various circadian sleep-wake rhythm disorders such as insomnia and excessive daytime tiredness. This relationship has been mainly scrutinized among patient groups with higher rates of smartphone usage, particularly adolescents and children. However, it remains obscure how smartphone usage impacts sleep parameters in adults, especially undergraduate college students. This study sought to (1) investigate the association between smartphone use (actual screen time) and four sleep parameters: Pittsburgh sleep quality score (PSQI), self-reported screen time, bedtime, and rise time; (2) compare the seven PSQI components between good and poor sleep quality subjects. In total, 264 undergraduate medical students (aged 17 to 25 years) were recruited from the Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India. All participants completed a sleep questionnaire, which was electronically shared via a WhatsApp invitation link. Hierarchical and multinomial regression analyses were performed in relation to (1) and (2). The average PSQI score was 5.03 ± 0.86, with approximately one in two respondents (48.3%) having a poor sleep index. Smartphone use significantly predicted respondents' PSQI score (β = 0.142, p = 0.040, R2 = 0.027), perceived screen time (β = 0.113, p = 0.043, R2 = 343), bedtime (β = 0.106, p = 0.042, R2 = 045), and rise time (β = 0.174, p = 0.015, R2 = 0.028). When comparing poor-quality sleep (PSQI ≥ 5) to good-quality sleep (PSQI < 5), with good-quality sleep as the reference, except sleep efficiency and sleep medications (p > 0.05), five PSQI components declined significantly: subjective sleep quality (β = -0.096, p < 0.001); sleep latency (β = -0.034, p < 0.001); sleep duration (β = -0.038, p < 0.001); sleep disturbances (β = 1.234, p < 0.001); and sleep dysfunction (β = -0.077, p < 0.001). Consequently, public health policymakers should take this evidence into account when developing guidelines around smartphone use-i.e., the when, where, and how much smartphone use-to promote improved sleep behaviour and reduce the rate of sleep-wake rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Goel
- Graphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun 248008, Uttarakhand, India; (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Arsalan Moinuddin
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester GL50 2RH, UK
| | - Rajesh Tiwari
- Gautam Buddha Chikitsa Mahavidyalaya, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India;
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India;
| | | | - Aditi Mohan
- Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar 246174, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India;
- GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar 382012, Gujarat, India
| | - Parth Sarthi
- Rajkiya Medical College, Jalaun 395001, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ravi Dutt
- Graphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun 248008, Uttarakhand, India; (A.G.); (R.D.)
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Sabry M. Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.F.A.); (S.M.A.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA;
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Chan P, Rich JN, Kay SA. Watching the clock in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1932-1946. [PMID: 37326042 PMCID: PMC10628946 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant primary brain tumor, accounting for 14.2% of all diagnosed tumors and 50.1% of all malignant tumors, and the median survival time is approximately 8 months irrespective of whether a patient receives treatment without significant improvement despite expansive research (Ostrom QT, Price M, Neff C, et al. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2015-2019. Neurooncology. 2022; 24(suppl 5):v1-v95.). Recently, important roles for the circadian clock in GBM tumorigenesis have been reported. Positive regulators of circadian-controlled transcription, brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1), and circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), are highly expressed also in GBM and correlated with poor patient prognosis. BMAL1 and CLOCK promote the maintenance of GBM stem cells (GSCs) and the establishment of a pro-tumorigenic tumor microenvironment (TME), suggesting that targeting the core clock proteins may augment GBM treatment. Here, we review findings that highlight the critical role the circadian clock plays in GBM biology and the strategies by which the circadian clock can be leveraged for GBM treatment in the clinic moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Chan
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steve A Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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28
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Pan D, Wang Z, Chen Y, Cao J. Melanopsin-mediated optical entrainment regulates circadian rhythms in vertebrates. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1054. [PMID: 37853054 PMCID: PMC10584931 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanopsin (OPN4) is a light-sensitive protein that plays a vital role in the regulation of circadian rhythms and other nonvisual functions. Current research on OPN4 has focused on mammals; more evidence is needed from non-mammalian vertebrates to fully assess the significance of the non-visual photosensitization of OPN4 for circadian rhythm regulation. There are species differences in the regulatory mechanisms of OPN4 for vertebrate circadian rhythms, which may be due to the differences in the cutting variants, tissue localization, and photosensitive activation pathway of OPN4. We here summarize the distribution of OPN4 in mammals, birds, and teleost fish, and the classical excitation mode for the non-visual photosensitive function of OPN4 in mammals is discussed. In addition, the role of OPN4-expressing cells in regulating circadian rhythm in different vertebrates is highlighted, and the potential rhythmic regulatory effects of various neuropeptides or neurotransmitters expressed in mammalian OPN4-expressing ganglion cells are summarized among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Pan
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, 100193, Beijing, China.
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Zhu X, Zheng T, Ding L, Zhang X, Li Z, Jiang H. Exploring associations between social media addiction, social media fatigue, fear of missing out and sleep quality among university students: A cross-section study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292429. [PMID: 37796805 PMCID: PMC10553250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media use has been linked to poor sleep outcomes among university students in the cyber age, but the association between the negative consequences of social media use and sleep problems is not yet well understood. The present study investigated the relationships among social media usage, social media fatigue (SMF), fear of missing out (FoMO), social media addiction (SMA) and sleep quality in university students. METHOD An online survey was administered to 2744 respondents that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); questionnaires evaluating FoMO, SMF, and SMA; and questions regarding sleep duration, social media use, health status, and demographic information. RESULT A total of 19.9% of respondents suffered from sleep disturbance. A total of 15.6% of participants had sleep durations less than 5 h, and 21.6% of subjects had sleep durations longer than 9 h. Sleep quality was positively associated with SMF (OR = 1.387, 95% CI: 1.103~1.743), and SMA (OR = 1.415, 95% CI: 1.118~1.791). The relationship between FoMO and sleep disturbance was not significant. Compared to a sleep duration > 9 h, SMF increased the risk of shorter sleep durations [5-6 h sleep (OR = 2.226, 95% CI: 1.132~4.375), 6-7 h sleep (OR = 1.458, 95% CI: 1.061~2.002), and 7-8 h sleep (OR = 1.296, 95% CI: 1.007~1.670)]. FoMO and SMA did not significantly affect sleep duration. In addition, SMA (OR = 3.775, 95% CI: 3.141~4.537), FoMO (OR = 3.301, 95% CI: 2.753~3.958), and sleep disorders (OR = 1.284, 95% CI: 1.006~1.638) increased SMF. CONCLUSION Upon experiencing negative consequences of social media use, such as SMF and SMA, university students were likely to experience sleep problems. Further research exploring the interventions that improve sleep and alleviate negative consequences of social media use should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhu
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Taoyun Zheng
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Linlin Ding
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihan Li
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Nursing, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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30
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Chen S, Li H, Wen D. Social Support and Daytime Sleepiness Among Chinese Medical Students: Mediating Roles of Loneliness and Problematic Smartphone Use. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4083-4093. [PMID: 37817912 PMCID: PMC10561758 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s432400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep problems have become a serious threat to public health worldwide. Daytime sleepiness is an important indicator of many sleep problems, which have a significant impact on academic performance, physical and mental health, and wellbeing among medical students. We aimed to explore the factors associated with daytime sleepiness among medical students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 466 medical students recruited via convenience sampling. Self-rated psychometric scales, including the Social Support Rate Scale, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Chinese version of the UCLA loneliness scale, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index (MPAI), were utilized to evaluate social support, daytime sleepiness, loneliness, and problematic smartphone use. A sequential mediation model was constructed with daytime sleepiness as the dependent variable, social support as the independent variable, and loneliness and problematic smartphone use as mediating variables. Age, gender, and grade were taken as covariates. Results Social support among medical students was negatively associated with loneliness, problematic smartphone use, and daytime sleepiness (p < 0.01). A sequential mediation analysis showed that loneliness (the first mediator) and problematic smartphone use (the second mediator) sequentially mediated the path from social support to daytime sleepiness among medical students (β = -0.008; 95% CI = -0.016, -0.002). Moreover, there were also significant mediating roles observed in the relationship between social support and daytime sleepiness via loneliness only (β = -0.037; 95% CI = -0.062, -0.015) and problematic smartphone use only (β = -0.022; 95% CI = -0.041, -0.008). Conclusion Social support, loneliness, and problematic smartphone use among medical students influenced their daytime sleepiness. Interventions targeting medical student loneliness and problematic smartphone use behaviors might attenuate the effects from low levels of social support and further improve daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Chen
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghe Li
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute for International Health Professions Education and Research, China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Silva EHA, Santana NNM, Seixas NRM, Bezerra LLF, Silva MMO, Santos SF, Cavalcante JS, Leocadio-Miguel MA, Engelberth RC. Blue light exposure-dependent improvement in robustness of circadian rest-activity rhythm in aged rats. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292342. [PMID: 37792859 PMCID: PMC10550138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging effects on circadian rhythms have diverse implications including changes in the pattern of rhythmic expressions, such as a wide fragmentation of the rhythm of rest-activity and decrease in amplitude of activity regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The study of blue light on biological aspects has received great current interest due, among some aspects, to its positive effects on psychiatric disorders in humans. This study aims to evaluate the effect of blue light therapy on the SCN functional aspects, through the evaluation of the rest-activity rhythm, in aging rats. For this, 33 sixteen-months-old male Wistar rats underwent continuous records of locomotor activity and were exposed to periods of 6 hours of blue light during the first half of the light phase (Zeitgeber times 0-6) for 14 days. After this, the rats were maintained at 12h:12h light:dark cycle to check the long-term effect of blue light for 14 days. Blue light repeated exposure showed positive effects on the rhythmic variables of locomotor activity in aged rats, particularly the increase in amplitude, elevation of rhythmic robustness, phase advance in acrophase, and greater consolidation of the resting phase. This effect depends on the presence of daily blue light exposure. In conclusion, our results indicate that blue light is a reliable therapy to reduce circadian dysfunctions in aged rats, but other studies assessing how blue light modulates the neural components to modulate this response are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryck Holmes A. Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Narita Renata M. Seixas
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lyzandro Lucas F. Bezerra
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maria Milena O. Silva
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sâmarah F. Santos
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Jeferson S. Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Rovena Clara Engelberth
- Laboratory of Neurochemical Studies, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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32
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de Leeuw M, Verhoeve SI, van der Wee NJA, van Hemert AM, Vreugdenhil E, Coomans CP. The role of the circadian system in the etiology of depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105383. [PMID: 37678570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have evolved in almost all organisms enabling them to anticipate alternating changes in the environment. As a consequence, the circadian clock controls a broad range of bodily functions including appetite, sleep, activity and cortisol levels. The circadian clock synchronizes itself to the external world mainly by environmental light cues and can be disturbed by a variety of factors, including shift-work, jet-lag, stress, ageing and artificial light at night. Interestingly, mood has also been shown to follow a diurnal rhythm. Moreover, circadian disruption has been associated with various mood disorders and patients suffering from depression have irregular biological rhythms in sleep, appetite, activity and cortisol levels suggesting that circadian rhythmicity is crucially involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. The aim of the present review is to give an overview and discuss recent findings in both humans and rodents linking a disturbed circadian rhythm to depression. Understanding the relation between a disturbed circadian rhythm and the etiology of depression may lead to novel therapeutic and preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max de Leeuw
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone B1-P, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands; Mental Health Care Rivierduinen, Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Clinic, PO Box 405, Leiden 2300 AK, the Netherlands.
| | - Sanne I Verhoeve
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone B1-P, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Albert M van Hemert
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Postal Zone B1-P, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Erno Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia P Coomans
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden 2300 RC, the Netherlands
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Robertson-Dixon I, Murphy MJ, Crewther SG, Riddell N. The Influence of Light Wavelength on Human HPA Axis Rhythms: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1968. [PMID: 37895351 PMCID: PMC10608196 DOI: 10.3390/life13101968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental light entrains many physiological and behavioural processes to the 24 h solar cycle. Such light-driven circadian rhythms are centrally controlled by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which receives information from the short-wavelength-sensitive intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. The SCN synchronizes local clocks throughout the body affecting sleep/wake routines and the secretion of neuroendocrine-linked hormones such as melatonin from the pineal gland and cortisol via the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Although the effects of light parameters on melatonin have been recently reviewed, whether the experimental variation of the spectral power distribution and intensity of light can induce changes in cortisol rhythms remains unclear. Thus, this systematic review evaluated the effects of daytime exposure to lights of different spectral wavelength characteristics and luminance intensity on the cortisol levels in healthy individuals. A search of the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases on 19 June 2023 identified 3418 articles, of which 12 studies (profiling 337 participants) met the inclusion and risk of bias criteria. An analysis of the literature indicated that exposure to bright lights of any colour during the late night or early morning can induce significant increases in cortisol secretion relative to time-matched dim light comparison conditions. Furthermore, exposure to bright lights with stronger short-wavelength (blue/green) components in the early morning typically induced greater increases in cortisol relative to lights with stronger long-wavelength (red) components. Thus, the circadian regulation of cortisol is sensitive to the wavelength composition of environmental lighting, in line with the more commonly studied melatonin. As such, wavelength characteristics should be optimized and reported in light intervention studies (particularly for the investigation of cortisol-associated disorders and HPA axis function), and exposure to short-wavelength light during sensitive periods should be carefully considered in constructed environments (e.g., bedroom and classroom lighting and device screens).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Robertson-Dixon
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Melanie J. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
| | - Sheila G. Crewther
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Nina Riddell
- Department of Psychology, Counselling and Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; (I.R.-D.); (M.J.M.); (S.G.C.)
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34
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Eschbach E, Wang J. Sleep and critical illness: a review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1199685. [PMID: 37828946 PMCID: PMC10566646 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1199685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical illness and stays in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have significant impact on sleep. Poor sleep is common in this setting, can persist beyond acute critical illness, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In the past 5 years, intensive care clinical practice guidelines have directed more focus on sleep and circadian disruption, spurring new initiatives to study and improve sleep complications in the critically ill. The global SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic and dramatic spikes in patients requiring ICU level care also brought augmented levels of sleep disruption, the understanding of which continues to evolve. This review aims to summarize existing literature on sleep and critical illness and briefly discuss future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Eschbach
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, United States
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35
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Siraji MA, Spitschan M, Kalavally V, Haque S. Light exposure behaviors predict mood, memory and sleep quality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12425. [PMID: 37528146 PMCID: PMC10394000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ample research has shown that light influences our emotions, cognition, and sleep quality. However, little work has examined whether different light exposure-related behaviors, such as daytime exposure to electric light and nighttime usage of gadgets, especially before sleep, influence sleep quality and cognition. Three-hundred-and-one Malaysian adults (MeanAge±SD = 28 ± 9) completed the Light Exposure Behavior Assessment tool that measured five light exposure behaviors. They also completed the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and single items assessing trouble in memory and concentration. A partial least square structural equation model, showing 72.72% predictive power, revealed that less use of wearable blue filters outdoors during the day and more within one hour before sleep predicted early peak time (direct effect = -0.25). Increased time spent outdoors predicted a positive affect (direct effect = 0.33) and a circadian phase advancement (direct effect: rising time = 0.14, peak time = 0.20, retiring time = 0.17). Increased use of mobile phone before sleep predicted a circadian phase delay (direct effect: retiring time = -0.25; rising time = -0.23; peak time = -0.22; morning affect = -0.12), reduced sleep quality (direct effect = 0.13), and increased trouble in memory and concentration (total effect = 0.20 and 0.23, respectively). Increased use of tunable, LED, or dawn-simulating electric light in the morning and daytime predicted a circadian phase advancement (direct effect: peak time = 0.15, morning affect = 0.14, retiring time = 0.15) and good sleep quality (direct effect = -0.16). The results provide valuable insights into developing a healthy light diet to promote health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiqul Anwar Siraji
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Intelligent Lighting Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Manuel Spitschan
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Translational Sensory & Circadian Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences (TUM SG), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vineetha Kalavally
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering and Intelligent Lighting Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Haque
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences and Intelligent Lighting Laboratory, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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36
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Kureshi S, Stowe C, Francis J, Djalilian H. Circadian therapy interventions for glymphatic dysfunction in concussions injuries: A narrative review. Sci Prog 2023; 106:368504231189536. [PMID: 37499049 PMCID: PMC10388340 DOI: 10.1177/00368504231189536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
There are two primary threats to the brain after concussion. The first is a buildup of neurotoxic proteins in the brain. The second, a partial consequence of the first, is a sustained neuroinflammatory response that may lead to central sensitization and the development of persistent post-concussive symptoms. These threats make neurotoxin clearance a high clinical priority in the acute period after injury. The glymphatic system is the brain's primary mechanism for clearing neurotoxic waste. The glymphatic system is intimately tied to the sleep cycle and circadian dynamics. However, glymphatic dysfunction and sleep disturbances are nearly ubiquitous in the acute period after concussion injury. Because of this, sleep optimization via circadian therapy is a time-sensitive and critical tool in acute concussion management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohaib Kureshi
- Neurosurgical Medical Clinic, San Diego, CA, USA
- TBI Virtual, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Hamid Djalilian
- TBI Virtual, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Javorka K, Maťašová K, Javorka M, Zibolen M. Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Changes of Phototherapy in Newborns with Hyperbilirubinemia. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S1-S9. [PMID: 37294113 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During phototherapy of jaundiced newborns, vasodilation occurs in the skin circulation compensated by vasoconstriction in the renal and mesenteric circulation. Furthermore, there is a slight decrease in cardiac systolic volume, and blood pressure, as well as an increase in heart rate and discrete changes in the heart rate variability (HRV). The primary change during phototherapy is the skin vasodilation mediated by multiple mechanisms: 1) Passive vasodilation induced by direct skin heating effect of the body surface and subcutaneous blood vessels, modified by myogenic autoregulation. 2) Active vasodilation mediated via the mechanism provided by axon reflexes through nerve C-fibers and humoral mechanism via nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin 1 (ET-1). During and after phototherapy is a rise in the NO:ET-1 ratio. 3) Regulation of the skin circulation through the sympathetic nerves is unique, but their role in skin vasodilation during phototherapy was not studied. 4) Special mechanism is a photorelaxation independent of the skin heating. Melanopsin (opsin 4) - is thought to play a major role in systemic vascular photorelaxation. Signalling cascade of the photorelaxation is specific, independent of endothelium and NO. The increased skin blood flow during phototherapy is enabled by the restriction of blood flow in the renal and mesenteric circulation. An increase in heart rate indicates activation of the sympathetic system as is seen in the measures of the HRV. High-pressure, as well as low-pressure baroreflexes, may play important role in these adaptation responses. The integrated complex and specific mechanism responsible for the hemodynamic changes during phototherapy confirm adequate and functioning regulation of the neonatal cardiovascular system, including baroreflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Javorka
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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Souchet AD, Lourdeaux D, Burkhardt JM, Hancock PA. Design guidelines for limiting and eliminating virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects at work: a comprehensive, factor-oriented review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1161932. [PMID: 37359863 PMCID: PMC10288216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1161932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) can induce side effects known as virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). To address this concern, we identify a literature-based listing of these factors thought to influence VRISE with a focus on office work use. Using those, we recommend guidelines for VRISE amelioration intended for virtual environment creators and users. We identify five VRISE risks, focusing on short-term symptoms with their short-term effects. Three overall factor categories are considered: individual, hardware, and software. Over 90 factors may influence VRISE frequency and severity. We identify guidelines for each factor to help reduce VR side effects. To better reflect our confidence in those guidelines, we graded each with a level of evidence rating. Common factors occasionally influence different forms of VRISE. This can lead to confusion in the literature. General guidelines for using VR at work involve worker adaptation, such as limiting immersion times to between 20 and 30 min. These regimens involve taking regular breaks. Extra care is required for workers with special needs, neurodiversity, and gerontechnological concerns. In addition to following our guidelines, stakeholders should be aware that current head-mounted displays and virtual environments can continue to induce VRISE. While no single existing method fully alleviates VRISE, workers' health and safety must be monitored and safeguarded when VR is used at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D. Souchet
- Heudiasyc UMR 7253, Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Compiègne, France
- Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Domitile Lourdeaux
- Heudiasyc UMR 7253, Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Compiègne, France
| | | | - Peter A. Hancock
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Jia Y, Tian Y, Wang H, Lei X. Functional connectivity from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex mediates the impact of social jetlag on depressive tendency in young adults. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:824-833. [PMID: 37190780 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2212755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Social jetlag (SJL), a form of circadian rhythm disturbance, is linked to depressive symptoms; however, it is unclear what role the brain network, particularly the reward and cognitive control circuits, plays in this association. To address this issue, employing the ventral striatum (VS) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as seeds, we used voxel-level whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) to determine the neural basis of the association between SJL and depressive tendency. Behavioral results indicated that SJL was positively associated with depression scores. Functional connection results showed that higher SJL was linked with decreased FC between the inferior orbitofrontal cortex and the VS. For DLPFC, we discovered changed FC in frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes related to SJL. More importantly, the mediation analysis revealed that the DLPFC-cuneus FC significantly mediated the relationship between SJL and depression scores. According to our study, higher SJL showed abnormal FC from the VS and DLPFC, which may involve attention impairments, cognitive control and reward function. Our results suggest that brain FC involving visual attention may explain the relationship between SJL and depressive tendency. This may offer new insights into the neural underpinnings of how circadian misalignment leads to mood issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Tian
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haien Wang
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Chongqing, China
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40
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Wang T, Kaida N, Kaida K. Effects of outdoor artificial light at night on human health and behavior: A literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121321. [PMID: 36805469 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The quality of life of human beings has improved tremendously through improved productivity, convenience, safety, and livability due to nighttime lights that illuminate outdoor work, leisure, and mobility. Recently, however, concerns have been growing over outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) and its effects on human beings as well as ecosystems including animals and plants. This literature review aims to deliver a critical overview of the findings and the areas for future research on the effects of outdoor ALAN on human health and behaviors. Through a narrative literature review, we found that scientific research crucially lacks studies on the effects of outdoor ALAN on human behaviors and health, including social interaction, which may be more widespread compared to what is recognized so far. This review also highlights the importance of investigating the causal and complex relationships between outdoor ALAN, health, and behaviors with sleep as a key mediating factor. We elucidate that outdoor ALAN has both positive and negative effects on human life. Therefore, it is important for societies to be able to access facts and evidence about these effects to plan, agree to, and realize the optimal usage of nighttime lighting that balances its merits and demerits. Researchers in related areas of study must investigate and deliver the science of outdoor ALAN to various stakeholders, such as citizens, policymakers, urban and landscape planners, relevant practitioners, and industries. We believe that our review improves the understanding of outdoor ALAN in relation to human life and contributes to sustainable and thriving societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Wang
- Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Institute for Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan.
| | - Naoko Kaida
- Institute of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Japan; Institute for Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan.
| | - Kosuke Kaida
- Institute for Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan.
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41
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Wolffsohn JS, Lingham G, Downie LE, Huntjens B, Inomata T, Jivraj S, Kobia-Acquah E, Muntz A, Mohamed-Noriega K, Plainis S, Read M, Sayegh RR, Singh S, Utheim TP, Craig JP. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of the digital environment on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 28:213-252. [PMID: 37062428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Eye strain when performing tasks reliant on a digital environment can cause discomfort, affecting productivity and quality of life. Digital eye strain (the preferred terminology) was defined as "the development or exacerbation of recurrent ocular symptoms and/or signs related specifically to digital device screen viewing". Digital eye strain prevalence of up to 97% has been reported, due to no previously agreed definition/diagnostic criteria and limitations of current questionnaires which fail to differentiate such symptoms from those arising from non-digital tasks. Objective signs such as blink rate or critical flicker frequency changes are not 'diagnostic' of digital eye strain nor validated as sensitive. The mechanisms attributed to ocular surface disease exacerbation are mainly reduced blink rate and completeness, partial/uncorrected refractive error and/or underlying binocular vision anomalies, together with the cognitive demand of the task and differences in position, size, brightness and glare compared to an equivalent non-digital task. In general, interventions are not well established; patients experiencing digital eye strain should be provided with a full refractive correction for the appropriate working distances. Improving blinking, optimizing the work environment and encouraging regular breaks may help. Based on current, best evidence, blue-light blocking interventions do not appear to be an effective management strategy. More and larger clinical trials are needed to assess artificial tear effectiveness for relieving digital eye strain, particularly comparing different constituents; a systematic review within the report identified use of secretagogues and warm compress/humidity goggles/ambient humidifiers as promising strategies, along with nutritional supplementation (such as omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and berry extracts).
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Wolffsohn
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre for Eye Research Ireland, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Byki Huntjens
- Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences, City, University of London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Takenori Inomata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saleel Jivraj
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alex Muntz
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karim Mohamed-Noriega
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL). Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
| | - Sotiris Plainis
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Laboratory of Optics and Vision, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Read
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rony R Sayegh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sumeer Singh
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- College of Health & Life Sciences, School of Optometry, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Wen P, Tan F, Wu M, Cai Q, Xu R, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li S, Lei M, Chen H, Khan MSA, Zou Q, Hu X. Proper use of light environments for mitigating the effects of COVID-19 and other prospective public health emergency lockdowns on sleep quality and fatigue in adolescents. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14627. [PMID: 37064435 PMCID: PMC10027303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a public health emergency of international concern, and some countries still implement strict regional lockdowns. Further, the upcoming 2023 Asian Games and World University Games will implement a closed-loop management system. Quarantine can harm mental and physical health, to which adolescents are more vulnerable compared with adults. Previous studies indicated that light can affect our psychology and physiology, and adolescents were exposed to the artificial light environment in the evening during the lockdown. Thus, this study aimed to establish and assess appropriate residential light environments to mitigate the effects of lockdowns on sleep quality and fatigue in adolescents. The participants were 66 adolescents (12.15 ± 2.45 years of age) in a closed-loop management environment, who participated in a 28-day (7-day baseline, 21-day light intervention) randomized controlled trial of a light-emitting diode (LED) light intervention. The adolescents were exposed to different correlated color temperature (CCT) LED light environments (2000 K or 8000 K) for 1 h each evening. The results for self-reported daily sleep quality indicated that the low CCT LED light environment significantly improved sleep quality (p < 0.05), and the blood test results for serum urea and hemoglobin indicated that this environment also significantly reduced fatigue (p < 0.05) and moderately increased performance, compared to the high CCT LED light environment. These findings can serve as a springboard for further research that aims to develop interventions to reduce the effects of public health emergency lockdowns on mental and physical health in adolescents, and provide a reference for participants in the upcoming Asian Games and World University Games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Wen
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Fuyun Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Qijun Cai
- Guangzhou Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Ruiping Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510620, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Dongguan Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Shukun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Menglai Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huanqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Muhammad Saddique Akbar Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qihong Zou
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Lou L, Frishman LJ, Beach KM, Rajagopalan L, Hung LF, She Z, Smith EL, Ostrin LA. Long-term blue light rearing does not affect in vivo retinal function in young rhesus monkeys. Doc Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10633-023-09931-0. [PMID: 36995437 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to blue light is thought to be harmful to the retina. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long-term exposure to narrowband blue light on retinal function in rhesus monkeys. METHODS Young rhesus monkeys were reared under short-wavelength "blue" light (n = 7; 465 nm, 183 ± 28 lx) on a 12-h light/dark cycle starting at 26 ± 2 days of age. Age-matched control monkeys were reared under broadband "white" light (n = 8; 504 ± 168 lx). Light- and dark-adapted full-field flash electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded at 330 ± 9 days of age. Photopic stimuli were brief red flashes (0.044-5.68 cd.s/m2) on a rod-saturating blue background and the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard 3.0 white flash on a 30 cd/m2 white background. Monkeys were dark adapted for 20 min and scotopic stimuli were ISCEV standard white flashes of 0.01, 3.0, and 10 cd.s/m2. A-wave, b-wave, and photopic negative response (PhNR) amplitudes were measured. Light-adapted ERGs in young monkeys were compared to ERGs in adult monkeys reared in white light (n = 10; 4.91 ± 0.88 years of age). RESULTS For red flashes on a blue background, there were no significant differences in a-wave (P = 0.46), b-wave (P = 0.75), and PhNR amplitudes (P = 0.94) between white light and blue light reared monkeys for all stimulus energies. ISCEV standard light- and dark-adapted a- and b-wave amplitudes were not significantly different between groups (P > 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in a- and b-wave implicit times between groups for all ISCEV standard stimuli (P > 0.05 for all). PhNR amplitudes of young monkeys were significantly smaller compared to adult monkeys for all stimulus energies (P < 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in a-wave (P = 0.19) and b-wave (P = 0.17) amplitudes between young and adult white light reared monkeys. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to narrowband blue light did not affect photopic or scotopic ERG responses in young monkeys. Findings suggest that exposure to 12 h of daily blue light for approximately 10 months does not result in altered retinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjiang Lou
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Krista M Beach
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Li-Fang Hung
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhihui She
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Earl L Smith
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa A Ostrin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ku T, Liu Y, Xie Y, Hu J, Hou Y, Tan X, Ning X, Li G, Sang N. Tebuconazole mediates cognitive impairment via the microbe-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107821. [PMID: 36827814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole, one of the most widely used triazole fungicides, is reported to potentially pose a risk of inducing neurological disorders in human beings. Considering the increasing exposure, whether it could influence cognitive function remains to be elucidated. Herein, we used a mouse model to evaluate the potential cognitive risks and possible mechanisms from the continuous edible application of tebuconazole at low concentrations. Our study revealed that tebuconazole deteriorated spatial learning and memory and downregulated the expression of glutamate receptor subunits. Importantly, metagenomic analysis indicated that tebuconazole not only led to significant shifts in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota but also changed intestinal homeostasis. Specifically, after exposure, tebuconazole circulated in the bloodstream and largely entered the gut-brain axis for disruption, including disturbing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, interrelated neurotransmitters and systemic immune factors. Moreover, pretreatment with probiotics improved immune factor expression and restored the deterioration of synaptic function and spatial learning and memory. The current study provides novel insights concerning perturbations of the gut microbiome and its functions as a potential new mechanism by which tebuconazole exposes cognitive function-related human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ku
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jindong Hu
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yanwen Hou
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xin Tan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xia Ning
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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Zhang C, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Zheng Y. Ubiquitous light-emitting diodes: Potential threats to retinal circadian rhythms and refractive development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160809. [PMID: 36502986 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has increased considerably in the 21st century with humans living in a modern photoperiod with brighter nights and dimmer days. Prolonged exposure to LEDs, especially at night, is considered a new source of pollution because it may affect the synthesis and secretion of retinal melatonin and dopamine, resulting in negative impacts on retinal circadian clocks and potentially disrupting retinal circadian rhythms. The control of ocular refraction is believed to be related to retinal circadian rhythms. Moreover, the global prevalence of myopia has increased at an alarming rate in recent decades. The widespread use of LEDs and the rapid increase in the prevalence of myopia overlap, which is unlikely to be a coincidence. The connection among LEDs, retinal circadian rhythms, and refractive development is both fascinating and confusing. In this review, we aim to develop a systematic framework that includes LEDs, retinal circadian rhythms and refractive development. This paper summarizes the possible mechanisms by which LEDs may disrupt retinal circadian rhythms. We propose that prolonged exposure to LEDs may induce myopia by disrupting retinal circadian rhythms. Finally, we suggest several possible countermeasures to prevent LED interference on retinal circadian rhythms, with the hope of reducing the onset and progression of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Eye Institute, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Zhaoying Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Yajuan Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
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Jain S, Shrivastava S, Mathur A, Pathak D, Pathak A. Prevalence and Determinants of Excessive Screen Viewing Time in Children Aged 3-15 Years and Its Effects on Physical Activity, Sleep, Eye Symptoms and Headache. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3449. [PMID: 36834144 PMCID: PMC9958787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Screen viewing time is the total time spent by a child on any digital/electronic device. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of excessive screen viewing time in children in Ujjain, India. This cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted through a house-to-house survey using the three-stage cluster sampling method in 36 urban wards and 36 villages of Ujjain District, India. Excessive screen viewing time was defined as screen viewing for >2 h/day. The prevalence of excessive screen viewing time was 18%. Risk factors identified using the multivariate logistic regression model were age (OR: 1.63, p < 0.001); mobile phone use before bedtime (OR: 3.35, p = 0.004); parents' perception about the child's habituation to screen time (OR: 8.46, p < 0.001); television in the bedroom (OR: 35.91, p < 0.001); morning mobile screen viewing time (OR: 6.40, p < 0.001); not reading books other than textbooks (OR: 6.45, p < 0.001); and lack of outdoor play for >2 h (OR: 5.17, p < 0.001). The presence of eye pain was a protective factor for excessive screen viewing time (OR: 0.13, p = 0.012). This study identified multiple modifiable risk factors for excessive screen viewing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456010, India
| | - Shreya Shrivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456010, India
| | - Aditya Mathur
- Department of Pediatrics, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456010, India
| | - Deepali Pathak
- Department of Pediatrics, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456010, India
| | - Ashish Pathak
- Department of Pediatrics, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456010, India
- Health Systems and Policy, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Meléndez-Fernández OH, Liu JA, Nelson RJ. Circadian Rhythms Disrupted by Light at Night and Mistimed Food Intake Alter Hormonal Rhythms and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3392. [PMID: 36834801 PMCID: PMC9963929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Availability of artificial light and light-emitting devices have altered human temporal life, allowing 24-hour healthcare, commerce and production, and expanding social life around the clock. However, physiology and behavior that evolved in the context of 24 h solar days are frequently perturbed by exposure to artificial light at night. This is particularly salient in the context of circadian rhythms, the result of endogenous biological clocks with a rhythm of ~24 h. Circadian rhythms govern the temporal features of physiology and behavior, and are set to precisely 24 h primarily by exposure to light during the solar day, though other factors, such as the timing of meals, can also affect circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are significantly affected by night shift work because of exposure to nocturnal light, electronic devices, and shifts in the timing of meals. Night shift workers are at increased risk for metabolic disorder, as well as several types of cancer. Others who are exposed to artificial light at night or late mealtimes also show disrupted circadian rhythms and increased metabolic and cardiac disorders. It is imperative to understand how disrupted circadian rhythms alter metabolic function to develop strategies to mitigate their negative effects. In this review, we provide an introduction to circadian rhythms, physiological regulation of homeostasis by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and SCN-mediated hormones that display circadian rhythms, including melatonin and glucocorticoids. Next, we discuss circadian-gated physiological processes including sleep and food intake, followed by types of disrupted circadian rhythms and how modern lighting disrupts molecular clock rhythms. Lastly, we identify how disruptions to hormones and metabolism can increase susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and risk for cardiovascular diseases, and discuss various strategies to mitigate the harmful consequences associated with disrupted circadian rhythms on human health.
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Davis D, Birnbaum L, Ben-Ishai P, Taylor H, Sears M, Butler T, Scarato T. Wireless technologies, non-ionizing electromagnetic fields and children: Identifying and reducing health risks. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2023; 53:101374. [PMID: 36935315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2023.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Children today are conceived and live in a sea of wireless radiation that did not exist when their parents were born. The launch of the digital age continues to transform the capacity to respond to emergencies and extend global communications. At the same time that this increasingly ubiquitous technology continues to alter the nature of commerce, medicine, transport and modern life overall, its varied and changing forms have not been evaluated for their biological or environmental impacts. Standards for evaluating radiation from numerous wireless devices were first set in 1996 to avoid heating tissue and remain unchanged since then in the U.S. and many other nations. A wide range of evidence indicates that there are numerous non-thermal effects from wireless radiation on reproduction, development, and chronic illness. Many widely used devices such as phones and tablets function as two-way microwave radios, sending and receiving various frequencies of information-carrying microwave radiation on multiple simultaneously operating antennas. Expert groups advising governments on this matter do not agree on the best approaches to be taken. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limited screen time for children under the age of two, but more than half of all toddlers regularly have contact with screens, often without parental engagement. Young children of parents who frequently use devices as a form of childcare can experience delays in speech acquisition and bonding, while older children report feelings of disappointment due to 'technoference'-parental distraction due to technology. Children who begin using devices early in life can become socially, psychologically and physically addicted to the technology and experience withdrawal upon cessation. We review relevant experimental, epidemiological and clinical evidence on biological and other impacts of currently used wireless technology, including advice to include key questions at pediatric wellness checkups from infancy to young adulthood. We conclude that consistent with advice in pediatric radiology, an approach that recommends that microwave radiation exposures be As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) seems sensible and prudent, and that an independently-funded training, research and monitoring program should be carried out on the long term physical and psychological impacts of rapidly changing technological milieu, including ways to mitigate impacts through modifications in hardware and software. Current knowledge of electrohypersensitivity indicates the importance of reducing wireless exposures especially in schools and health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devra Davis
- Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey; Environmental Health Trust, Teton Village, WY, USA.
| | - Linda Birnbaum
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and National Toxicology Program, Scholar in Residence, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, USA
| | | | - Hugh Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Meg Sears
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Prevent Cancer Now, Ottawa, Canada
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49
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Oh ST, Ga DH, Lim JH. A Method of Generating Real-Time Natural Light Color Temperature Cycle for Circadian Lighting Service. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:883. [PMID: 36679678 PMCID: PMC9862133 DOI: 10.3390/s23020883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The light intensity and color temperature of natural light periodically change and promote the circadian entrainment of the human body. In addition, the color temperature cycle of natural light that is unique to each region is formed by its location and geographic and environmental factors, affecting the health of its residents. Research on lighting and construction to provide the color temperature of real-time natural light has continued to provide the beneficial effect of natural indoor lighting. However, lighting technology that provides the real-time color temperature of natural light could not be realized since it is challenging to select a color temperature cycle zone due to abrupt color temperature changes at sunrise and sunset. Such drastic shifts cause an irregular measurement of color temperature over time due to general weather or atmospheric conditions. In a previous study, a method of generating a color temperature cycle using deep learning was introduced, but the performance at the beginning and end of the color temperature cycle was unreliable. Therefore, this study proposes generating a real-time natural light color temperature cycle for the circadian lighting service. The characteristics of the daily color temperature cycle were analyzed based on the measured natural light characteristics database, and a data set for learning was established. To improve the color temperature cycle generation performance, a deep learning (TadGAN) model was implemented by searching for the lowest point of the color temperature at the start and end points of the color temperature cycle and applying the boot and ending datasets to these points. The color temperature cycle zone was accurately detected in real-time in the experiment, and the generation performance of the color temperature cycle was maintained at the beginning and end of the color temperature cycle. The mean absolute error decreased by about 67%, confirming the generation of a more accurate real-time color temperature cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Taek Oh
- Smart Natural Space Research Center, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hyeon Ga
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lim
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urban Systems Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080, Republic of Korea
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50
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Banerjee S, Ray S. Circadian medicine for aging attenuation and sleep disorders: Prospects and challenges. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 220:102387. [PMID: 36526042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging causes progressive deterioration of daily rhythms in behavioral and metabolic processes and disruption in the regular sleep-wake cycle. Circadian disruption is directly related to diverse age-induced health abnormalities. Rising evidence from various organisms shows that core clock gene mutations cause premature aging, reduced lifespan, and sleeping irregularities. Improving the clock functions and correcting its disruption by pharmacological interventions or time-regulated feeding patterns could be a novel avenue for effective clinical management of aging and sleep disorders. To this end, many drugs for sleep disorders and anti-aging compounds interact with the core clock machinery and alter the circadian output. Evaluation of dosing time-dependency and circadian regulation of drug metabolism for therapeutic improvement of the existing drugs is another fundamental facet of chronomedicine. Multiple studies have demonstrated dose-dependent manipulation of the circadian period and phase-shifting by pharmacologically active compounds. The chronobiology research field is gradually moving towards the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on targeting the molecular clock or dosing time-oriented medications. However, such translational research ventures would require more experimental evidence from studies on humans. This review discusses the impact of circadian rhythms on aging and sleep, emphasizing the potentiality of circadian medicine in aging attenuation and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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