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Xu M, Zhu M, Qin Q, Xing X, Archer M, Ramesh S, Cherief M, Li Z, Levi B, Clemens TL, James AW. Neuronal regulation of bone and tendon injury repair: a focused review. J Bone Miner Res 2024; 39:1045-1060. [PMID: 38836494 DOI: 10.1093/jbmr/zjae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Beyond the sensation of pain, peripheral nerves have been shown to play crucial roles in tissue regeneration and repair. As a highly innervated organ, bone can recover from injury without scar formation, making it an interesting model in which to study the role of nerves in tissue regeneration. As a comparison, tendon is a musculoskeletal tissue that is hypo-innervated, with repair often resulting in scar formation. Here, we reviewed the significance of innervation in 3 stages of injury repair (inflammatory, reparative, and remodeling) in 2 commonly injured musculoskeletal tissues: bone and tendon. Based on this focused review, we conclude that peripheral innervation is essential for phases of proper bone and tendon repair, and that nerves may dynamically regulate the repair process through interactions with the injury microenvironment via a variety of neuropeptides or neurotransmitters. A deeper understanding of neuronal regulation of musculoskeletal repair, and the crosstalk between nerves and the musculoskeletal system, will enable the development of future therapies for tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Manyu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Xin Xing
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Mary Archer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Sowmya Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Masnsen Cherief
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, United States
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Department of Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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2
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Ma C, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Hu CH, Zheng CX, Jin Y, Sui BD. Autonomic neural regulation in mediating the brain-bone axis: mechanisms and implications for regeneration under psychological stress. QJM 2024; 117:95-108. [PMID: 37252831 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient regeneration of bone defects caused by disease or significant trauma is a major challenge in current medicine, which is particularly difficult yet significant under the emerging psychological stress in the modern society. Notably, the brain-bone axis has been proposed as a prominent new concept in recent years, among which autonomic nerves act as an essential and emerging skeletal pathophysiological factor related to psychological stress. Studies have established that sympathetic cues lead to impairment of bone homeostasis mainly through acting on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their derivatives with also affecting the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-lineage osteoclasts, and the autonomic neural regulation of stem cell lineages in bone is increasingly recognized to contribute to the bone degenerative disease, osteoporosis. This review summarizes the distribution characteristics of autonomic nerves in bone, introduces the regulatory effects and mechanisms of autonomic nerves on MSC and HSC lineages, and expounds the crucial role of autonomic neural regulation on bone physiology and pathology, which acts as a bridge between the brain and the bone. With the translational perspective, we further highlight the autonomic neural basis of psychological stress-induced bone loss and a series of pharmaceutical therapeutic strategies and implications toward bone regeneration. The summary of research progress in this field will add knowledge to the current landscape of inter-organ crosstalk and provide a medicinal basis for the achievement of clinical bone regeneration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - C-H Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - C-X Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Y Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - B-D Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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3
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Zhao Y, Peng X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk Between the Neuroendocrine System and Bone Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:95-124. [PMID: 37459436 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of bone microenvironment is the foundation of bone health and comprises 2 concerted events: bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In the early 21st century, leptin, an adipocytes-derived hormone, was found to affect bone homeostasis through hypothalamic relay and the sympathetic nervous system, involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. This discovery has provided a new perspective regarding the synergistic effects of endocrine and nervous systems on skeletal homeostasis. Since then, more studies have been conducted, gradually uncovering the complex neuroendocrine regulation underlying bone homeostasis. Intriguingly, bone is also considered as an endocrine organ that can produce regulatory factors that in turn exert effects on neuroendocrine activities. After decades of exploration into bone regulation mechanisms, separate bioactive factors have been extensively investigated, whereas few studies have systematically shown a global view of bone homeostasis regulation. Therefore, we summarized the previously studied regulatory patterns from the nervous system and endocrine system to bone. This review will provide readers with a panoramic view of the intimate relationship between the neuroendocrine system and bone, compensating for the current understanding of the regulation patterns of bone homeostasis, and probably developing new therapeutic strategies for its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaole Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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Xiao Y, Han C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Bao R, Li Y, Chen H, Hu B, Liu S. Interoceptive regulation of skeletal tissue homeostasis and repair. Bone Res 2023; 11:48. [PMID: 37669953 PMCID: PMC10480189 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have determined that the nervous system can sense and respond to signals from skeletal tissue, a process known as skeletal interoception, which is crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis. The hypothalamus, located in the central nervous system (CNS), plays a key role in processing interoceptive signals and regulating bone homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system, neuropeptide release, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms control the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (OBs), the activation of osteoclasts (OCs), and the functional activities of bone cells. Sensory nerves extensively innervate skeletal tissues, facilitating the transmission of interoceptive signals to the CNS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the generation and coordination of skeletal interoceptive signals by the CNS to maintain bone homeostasis and their potential role in pathological conditions. The findings expand our understanding of intersystem communication in bone biology and may have implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Changhao Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Xinshu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Rong Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yuange Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Huajiang Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, PR China.
| | - Shen Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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5
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Kupka JR, Sagheb K, Al-Nawas B, Schiegnitz E. The Sympathetic Nervous System in Dental Implantology. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082907. [PMID: 37109243 PMCID: PMC10143978 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system plays a vital role in various regulatory mechanisms. These include the well-known fight-or-flight response but also, for example, the processing of external stressors. In addition to many other tissues, the sympathetic nervous system influences bone metabolism. This effect could be highly relevant concerning osseointegration, which is responsible for the long-term success of dental implants. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the current literature on this topic and to reveal future research perspectives. One in vitro study showed differences in mRNA expression of adrenoceptors cultured on implant surfaces. In vivo, sympathectomy impaired osseointegration in mice, while electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerves promoted it. As expected, the beta-blocker propranolol improves histological implant parameters and micro-CT measurements. Overall, the present data are considered heterogeneous. However, the available publications reveal the potential for future research and development in dental implantology, which helps to introduce new therapeutic strategies and identify risk factors for dental implant failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Raphael Kupka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Keyvan Sagheb
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eik Schiegnitz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Hallmarks of peripheral nerve function in bone regeneration. Bone Res 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36599828 PMCID: PMC9813170 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal tissue is highly innervated. Although different types of nerves have been recently identified in the bone, the crosstalk between bone and nerves remains unclear. In this review, we outline the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in bone regeneration following injury. We first introduce the conserved role of nerves in tissue regeneration in species ranging from amphibians to mammals. We then present the distribution of the PNS in the skeletal system under physiological conditions, fractures, or regeneration. Furthermore, we summarize the ways in which the PNS communicates with bone-lineage cells, the vasculature, and immune cells in the bone microenvironment. Based on this comprehensive and timely review, we conclude that the PNS regulates bone regeneration through neuropeptides or neurotransmitters and cells in the peripheral nerves. An in-depth understanding of the roles of peripheral nerves in bone regeneration will inform the development of new strategies based on bone-nerve crosstalk in promoting bone repair and regeneration.
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7
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The Role of Sympathetic Nerves in Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010033. [PMID: 36672541 PMCID: PMC9855775 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a systemic bone disease, is characterized by decreased bone density due to various reasons, destructed bone microstructure, and increased bone fragility. The incidence of osteoporosis is very high among the elderly, and patients with osteoporosis are prone to suffer from spine fractures and hip fractures, which cause great harm to patients. Meanwhile, osteoporosis is mainly treated with anti-osteoporosis drugs that have side effects. Therefore, the development of new treatment modalities has a significant clinical impact. Sympathetic nerves play an important role in various physiological activities and the regulation of osteoporosis as well. Therefore, the role of sympathetic nerves in osteoporosis was reviewed, aiming to provide information for future targeting of sympathetic nerves in osteoporosis.
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8
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Lourenço C, Conceição F, Jerónimo C, Lamghari M, Sousa DM. Stress in Metastatic Breast Cancer: To the Bone and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1881. [PMID: 35454788 PMCID: PMC9028241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) remains as one the most prevalent cancers diagnosed in industrialised countries. Although the overall survival rate is high, the dissemination of BRCA cells to distant organs correlates with a significantly poor prognosis. This is due to the fact that there are no efficient therapeutic strategies designed to overcome the progression of the metastasis. Over the past decade, critical associations between stress and the prevalence of BRCA metastases were uncovered. Chronic stress and the concomitant sympathetic hyperactivation have been shown to accelerate the progression of the disease and the metastases incidence, specifically to the bone. In this review, we provide a summary of the sympathetic profile on BRCA. Additionally, the current knowledge regarding the sympathetic hyperactivity, and the underlying adrenergic signalling pathways, involved on the development of BRCA metastasis to distant organs (i.e., bone, lung, liver and brain) will be revealed. Since bone is a preferential target site for BRCA metastases, greater emphasis will be given to the contribution of α2- and β-adrenergic signalling in BRCA bone tropism and the occurrence of osteolytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lourenço
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (F.C.); (M.L.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Francisco Conceição
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (F.C.); (M.L.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology—ICBAS-UP, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (F.C.); (M.L.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-UP—School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M. Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (F.C.); (M.L.)
- INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Fujiu K, Manabe I. Nerve-macrophage interactions in cardiovascular disease. Int Immunol 2021; 34:81-95. [PMID: 34173833 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart is highly innervated by autonomic neurons, and dynamic autonomic regulation of the heart and blood vessels is essential for animals to carry out the normal activities of life. Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and myocardial infarction, are often characterized in part by an imbalance in autonomic nervous system activation, with excess sympathetic and diminished parasympathetic activation. Notably, however, this is often accompanied by chronic inflammation within the cardiovascular tissues, which suggests there are interactions between autonomic dysregulation and inflammation. Recent studies have been unraveling the mechanistic links between autonomic nerves and immune cells within cardiovascular disease. The autonomic nervous system and immune system also act in concert to coordinate the actions of multiple organs that not only maintain homeostasis but also likely play key roles in disease-disease interactions, such as cardiorenal syndrome and multimorbidity. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathological interactions between autonomic nerves and macrophages in the context of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhito Fujiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Cardiology, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Manabe
- Department of Systems Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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Bellinger DL, Wood C, Wergedal JE, Lorton D. Driving β 2- While Suppressing α-Adrenergic Receptor Activity Suppresses Joint Pathology in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628065. [PMID: 34220796 PMCID: PMC8249812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypersympathetic activity is prominent in rheumatoid arthritis, and major life stressors precede onset in ~80% of patients. These findings and others support a link between stress, the sympathetic nervous system and disease onset and progression. Here, we extend previous research by evaluating how selective peripherally acting α/β2-adrenergic drugs affect joint destruction in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Methods Complete Freund's adjuvant induced inflammatory arthritis in male Lewis rats. Controls received no treatment. Arthritic rats then received vehicle or twice-daily treatment with the α-adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine (0.5 mg/day) and the β2-adrenergic agonist, terbutaline (1200 µg/day, collectively named SH1293) from day (D) of disease onset (D12) through acute (D21) and severe disease (D28). Disease progression was assessed in the hind limbs using dorsoplantar widths, X-ray analysis, micro-computed tomography, and routine histology on D14, D21, and D28 post-immunization. Results On D21, SH1293 significantly attenuated arthritis in the hind limbs, based on reduced lymphocytic infiltration, preservation of cartilage, and bone volume. Pannus formation and sympathetic nerve loss were not affected by SH1293. Bone area and osteoclast number revealed high- and low-treatment-responding groups. In high-responding rats, treatment with SH1293 significantly preserved bone area and decreased osteoclast number, data that correlated with drug-mediated joint preservation. SH1293 suppressed abnormal bone formation based on reduced production of osteophytes. On D28, the arthritic sparing effects of SH1293 on lymphocytic infiltration, cartilage and bone sparing were maintained at the expense of bone marrow adipocity. However, sympathetic nerves were retracted from the talocrural joint. Conclusion and Significance Our findings support a significant delay in early arthritis progression by treatment with SH1293. Targeting sympathetic neurotransmission may provide a strategy to slow disease progression.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Drug Combinations
- Freund's Adjuvant
- Joints/diagnostic imaging
- Joints/drug effects
- Joints/metabolism
- Joints/pathology
- Male
- Phentolamine/pharmacology
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Terbutaline/pharmacology
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L. Bellinger
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Carlo Wood
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jon E. Wergedal
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, VA Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Dianne Lorton
- Hoover Arthritis Research Center, Banner Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, United States
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11
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Wan Q, Qin W, Ma Y, Shen M, Li J, Zhang Z, Chen J, Tay FR, Niu L, Jiao K. Crosstalk between Bone and Nerves within Bone. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003390. [PMID: 33854888 PMCID: PMC8025013 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
For the past two decades, the function of intrabony nerves on bone has been a subject of intense research, while the function of bone on intrabony nerves is still hidden in the corner. In the present review, the possible crosstalk between bone and intrabony peripheral nerves will be comprehensively analyzed. Peripheral nerves participate in bone development and repair via a host of signals generated through the secretion of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, axon guidance factors and neurotrophins, with additional contribution from nerve-resident cells. In return, bone contributes to this microenvironmental rendezvous by housing the nerves within its internal milieu to provide mechanical support and a protective shelf. A large ensemble of chemical, mechanical, and electrical cues works in harmony with bone marrow stromal cells in the regulation of intrabony nerves. The crosstalk between bone and nerves is not limited to the physiological state, but also involved in various bone diseases including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification, psychological stress-related bone abnormalities, and bone related tumors. This crosstalk may be harnessed in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds for repair of bone defects or be targeted for treatment of diseases related to bone and peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian‐Qian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Wen‐Pin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Yu‐Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Min‐Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Zi‐Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Ji‐Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- College of Graduate StudiesAugusta UniversityAugustaGA30912USA
| | - Li‐Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710032China
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12
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Sohn R, Rösch G, Junker M, Meurer A, Zaucke F, Jenei-Lanzl Z. Adrenergic signalling in osteoarthritis. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109948. [PMID: 33571663 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adrenoceptors (ARs) mediate the effects of the sympathetic neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) in the human body and play a central role in physiologic and pathologic processes. Therefore, ARs have long been recognized as targets for therapeutic agents, especially in the field of cardiovascular medicine. During the past decades, the contribution of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and particularly of its major peripheral catecholamine NE to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) attracted growing interest. OA is the most common degenerative joint disorder worldwide and a disease of the whole joint. It is characterized by progressive degradation of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation, osteophyte formation, and subchondral bone sclerosis mostly resulting in chronic pain. The subchondral bone marrow, the periosteum, the synovium, the vascular meniscus and numerous tendons and ligaments are innervated by tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) sympathetic nerve fibers that release NE into the synovial fluid and cells of all abovementioned joint tissues express at least one out of nine AR subtypes. During the past decades, several in vitro studies explored the AR-mediated effects of NE on different cell types in the joint. So far, only a few studies used animal OA models to investigate the contribution of distinct AR subtypes to OA pathogenesis in vivo. This narrative review shortly summarizes the current background knowledge about ARs and their signalling pathways at first. In the second part, we focus on recent findings in the field of NE-induced AR-mediated signalling in different joint tissues during OA pathogenesis and at the end, we will delineate the potential of targeting the adrenergic signalling for OA prevention or treatment. We used the PubMed bibliographic database to search for keywords such as 'joint' or 'cartilage' or 'synovium' or 'bone' and 'osteoarthritis' and/or 'trauma' and 'sympathetic nerve fibers' and/or 'norepinephrine' and 'adrenergic receptors / adrenoceptors' as well as 'adrenergic therapy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sohn
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Gundula Rösch
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Marius Junker
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Andrea Meurer
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt / Main, Germany.
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13
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Conceição F, Sousa DM, Paredes J, Lamghari M. Sympathetic activity in breast cancer and metastasis: partners in crime. Bone Res 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33547275 PMCID: PMC7864971 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of patients with advanced breast cancer present skeletal complications that severely compromise their quality of life. Breast cancer cells are characterized by a strong tropism to the bone niche. After engraftment and colonization of bone, breast cancer cells interact with native bone cells to hinder the normal bone remodeling process and establish an osteolytic "metastatic vicious cycle". The sympathetic nervous system has emerged in recent years as an important modulator of breast cancer progression and metastasis, potentiating and accelerating the onset of the vicious cycle and leading to extensive bone degradation. Furthermore, sympathetic neurotransmitters and their cognate receptors have been shown to promote several hallmarks of breast cancer, such as proliferation, angiogenesis, immune escape, and invasion of the extracellular matrix. In this review, we assembled the current knowledge concerning the complex interactions that take place in the tumor microenvironment, with a special emphasis on sympathetic modulation of breast cancer cells and stromal cells. Notably, the differential action of epinephrine and norepinephrine, through either α- or β-adrenergic receptors, on breast cancer progression prompts careful consideration when designing new therapeutic options. In addition, the contribution of sympathetic innervation to the formation of bone metastatic foci is highlighted. In particular, we address the remarkable ability of adrenergic signaling to condition the native bone remodeling process and modulate the bone vasculature, driving breast cancer cell engraftment in the bone niche. Finally, clinical perspectives and developments on the use of β-adrenergic receptor inhibitors for breast cancer management and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Conceição
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M. Sousa
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226IPATIMUP—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226FMUP—Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226INEB—Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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14
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Wang X, Xu J, Kang Q. Neuromodulation of bone: Role of different peptides and their interactions (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:32. [PMID: 33179112 PMCID: PMC7684869 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the skeletal system has been expanded upon the recognition of several neural pathways that serve important roles in bone metabolism and skeletal homeostasis, as bone tissue is richly innervated. Considerable evidence provided by in vitro, animal and human studies have further elucidated the importance of a host of hormones and local factors, including neurotransmitters, in modulating bone metabolism and osteo-chondrogenic differentiation, both peripherally and centrally. Various cells of the musculoskeletal system not only express receptors for these neurotransmitters, but also influence their endogenous levels in the skeleton. As with a number of physiological systems in nature, a neuronal pathway regulating bone turnover will be neutralized by another pathway exerting an opposite effect. These neuropeptides are also critically involved in articular cartilage homeostasis and pathogenesis of degenerative joint disorders, such as osteoarthritis. In the present Review, data on the role of several neuronal populations in nerve-dependent skeletal metabolism is examined, and the molecular events involved are explored, which may reveal broader relationships between two apparently unrelated organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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15
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α 2-Adrenoceptors: Challenges and Opportunities-Enlightenment from the Kidney. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:2478781. [PMID: 32426035 PMCID: PMC7211234 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2478781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It was indeed a Don Quixote-like pursuit of the mechanism of essential hypertension when we serendipitously discovered α2-adrenoceptors (α2-ARs) in skin-lightening experiments in the frog. Now α2-ARs lurk on the horizon involving hypertension causality, renal denervation for hypertension, injury from falling in the elderly and prazosin's mechanism of action in anxiety states such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our goal here is to focus on this horizon and bring into clear view the role of α2-AR-mediated mechanisms in these seemingly unrelated conditions. Our narrative begins with an explanation of how experiments in isolated perfused kidneys led to the discovery of a sodium-retaining process, a fundamental mechanism of hypertension, mediated by α2-ARs. In this model system and in the setting of furosemide-induced sodium excretion, α2-AR activation inhibited adenylate cyclase, suppressed cAMP formation, and caused sodium retention. Further investigations led to the realization that renal α2-AR expression in hypertensive animals is elevated, thus supporting a key role for kidney α2-ARs in the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Subsequent studies clarified the molecular pathways by which α2-ARs activate prohypertensive biochemical systems. While investigating the role of α1-adrenoceptors (α1-ARs) versus α2-ARs in renal sympathetic neurotransmission, we noted an astonishing result: in the kidney α1-ARs suppress the postjunctional expression of α2-ARs. Here, we describe how this finding relates to a broader understanding of the role of α2-ARs in diverse disease states. Because of the capacity for qualitative and quantitative monitoring of α2-AR-induced regulatory mechanisms in the kidney, we looked to the kidney and found enlightenment.
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16
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Yao Y, Liu Y, Zeng Z, Zhao Y, Li T, Chen R, Zhang R. Identification of Target Genes of Antiarrhythmic Traditional Chinese Medicine Wenxin Keli. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:3480276. [PMID: 32565909 PMCID: PMC7284932 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3480276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wenxin Keli (WXKL) is a traditional Chinese medicine drug approved for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to identify WXKL-targeting genes involved in antiarrhythmic efficacy of WXKL. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) technology platform was used to screen active compounds of WXKL and WXKL-targeting arrhythmia-related genes. A pig model of myocardial ischemia (MI) was established by balloon-expanding the endothelium of the left coronary artery. Pigs were divided into the model group and WXKL group (n = 6). MI, QT interval, heart rate, and arrhythmia were recorded, and the mRNA expression of target genes in myocardial tissues was detected by PCR. Eleven active ingredients of WXKL and eight WXKL-targeting arrhythmia-related genes were screened. Five pathways were enriched, and an "ingredient-gene-path" network was constructed. WXKL markedly decreased the incidence of arrhythmia in the MI pig model (P < 0.05). The QT interval was significantly shortened, and the heart rate was slowed down in the WXKL group compared with the model group (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha (SCN5A) and beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) was downregulated, while muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 (CHRM2) was upregulated in the WXKL group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, WXKL may shorten the QT interval and slow down the heart rate by downregulating SCN5A and ADRB2 and upregulating CHRM2 during MI. These findings provide novel insight into molecular mechanisms of WXKL in reducing the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/drug effects
- Action Potentials/genetics
- Animals
- Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/genetics
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Heart Rate/drug effects
- Heart Rate/genetics
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Myocardial Ischemia/drug therapy
- Myocardial Ischemia/genetics
- Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism
- Myocardial Ischemia/physiopathology
- NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel/genetics
- NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel/metabolism
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/genetics
- Receptor, Muscarinic M2/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Swine
- Swine, Miniature
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhihuan Zeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yanqun Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Tudi Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Rendan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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17
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Brazill JM, Beeve AT, Craft CS, Ivanusic JJ, Scheller EL. Nerves in Bone: Evolving Concepts in Pain and Anabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1393-1406. [PMID: 31247122 PMCID: PMC6697229 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The innervation of bone has been described for centuries, and our understanding of its function has rapidly evolved over the past several decades to encompass roles of subtype-specific neurons in skeletal homeostasis. Current research has been largely focused on the distribution and function of specific neuronal populations within bone, as well as their cellular and molecular relationships with target cells in the bone microenvironment. This review provides a historical perspective of the field of skeletal neurobiology that highlights the diverse yet interconnected nature of nerves and skeletal health, particularly in the context of bone anabolism and pain. We explore what is known regarding the neuronal subtypes found in the skeleton, their distribution within bone compartments, and their central projection pathways. This neuroskeletal map then serves as a foundation for a comprehensive discussion of the neural control of skeletal development, homeostasis, repair, and bone pain. Active synthesis of this research recently led to the first biotherapeutic success story in the field. Specifically, the ongoing clinical trials of anti-nerve growth factor therapeutics have been optimized to titrated doses that effectively alleviate pain while maintaining bone and joint health. Continued collaborations between neuroscientists and bone biologists are needed to build on this progress, leading to a more complete understanding of neural regulation of the skeleton and development of novel therapeutics. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Brazill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alec T Beeve
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason J Ivanusic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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18
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Neofiti-Papi B, Albuquerque RP, Miranda-Rodrigues M, Gonçalves NJN, Jorgetti V, Brum PC, Ferreira JCB, Gouveia CHA. Thyrotoxicosis Involves β2-Adrenoceptor Signaling to Negatively Affect Microarchitecture and Biomechanical Properties of the Femur. Thyroid 2019; 29:1060-1072. [PMID: 31264512 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Thyrotoxicosis increases bone turnover, resulting in net bone loss. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation, via β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) signaling, also has osteopenic effects. Because thyroid hormones (TH) interact with the SNS to regulate several physiological processes, we hypothesized that this interaction also occurs to regulate bone mass. Previous studies support this hypothesis, as α2-AR knockout (KO) mice are less susceptible to thyrotoxicosis-induced osteopenia. Here, we evaluated whether TH-SNS interactions in bone involve β2-AR signaling. Methods: Thyrotoxicosis was induced in 120-day-old female and male mice with β2-AR gene inactivation (β2-AR-/-) by daily treatment with supraphysiological doses of triiodothyronine (T3) for 12 weeks. The impact of thyrotoxicosis on femoral bone microarchitecture, remodeling, fracture risk, and gene expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa-B (RANK)-RANK ligand (RANKL)-osteoprotegerin (OPG) pathway was evaluated. In addition, the effect of the β2-AR-specific agonist clenbuterol (CL) on cAMP accumulation was determined in osteoblastic (MC3T3-E1) cells treated with T3 and/or 17β-estradiol (E2). Results: Thyrotoxicosis negatively affected trabecular bone microarchitecture in wild-type (WT) females, but this effect was milder or nonexistent in β2-AR-/- animals, whereas the opposite was seen in males. T3 treatment increased the femoral RANKL/OPG mRNA ratio and the endosteal perimeter and medullary area of the diaphysis in WT females and males, but not in β2-AR-/- mice, suggesting that T3 promotes endosteal resorption in cortical bone, in a mechanism that involves β2-AR signaling. T3 treatment increased endocortical mineral apposition rate only in WT females but not in β2-AR-/- mice, suggesting that TH also induce bone formation in a β2-AR signaling-dependent mechanism. T3 treatment decreased femoral resistance to fracture only in WT females, but not in KO mice. E2 and CL similarly increased cAMP accumulation in MC3T3-E1 cells; whereas T3 alone had no effect, but it completely blocked E2-stimulated cAMP accumulation, suggesting that some T3 effects on bone may involve E2/cAMP signaling in osteoblasts. Conclusions: These findings sustain the hypothesis that T3 interacts with the SNS to regulate bone morphophysiology in a β2-AR signaling-dependent mechanism. The data also reveal sex as an important modifier of skeletal manifestations of thyrotoxicosis, as well as a modifier of the TH-SNS interactions to control bone microarchitecture, remodeling, and resistance to fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Neofiti-Papi
- 1Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- 2School of Medicine, and University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruda P Albuquerque
- 1Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela Miranda-Rodrigues
- 1Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- 3Department of Genetic Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Vanda Jorgetti
- 2School of Medicine, and University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- 5School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- 1Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia H A Gouveia
- 1Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- 2School of Medicine, and University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Salazar VS, Capelo LP, Cantù C, Zimmerli D, Gosalia N, Pregizer S, Cox K, Ohte S, Feigenson M, Gamer L, Nyman JS, Carey DJ, Economides A, Basler K, Rosen V. Reactivation of a developmental Bmp2 signaling center is required for therapeutic control of the murine periosteal niche. eLife 2019; 8:42386. [PMID: 30735122 PMCID: PMC6386520 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two decades after signals controlling bone length were discovered, the endogenous ligands determining bone width remain unknown. We show that postnatal establishment of normal bone width in mice, as mediated by bone-forming activity of the periosteum, requires BMP signaling at the innermost layer of the periosteal niche. This developmental signaling center becomes quiescent during adult life. Its reactivation however, is necessary for periosteal growth, enhanced bone strength, and accelerated fracture repair in response to bone-anabolic therapies used in clinical orthopedic settings. Although many BMPs are expressed in bone, periosteal BMP signaling and bone formation require only Bmp2 in the Prx1-Cre lineage. Mechanistically, BMP2 functions downstream of Lrp5/6 pathway to activate a conserved regulatory element upstream of Sp7 via recruitment of Smad1 and Grhl3. Consistent with our findings, human variants of BMP2 and GRHL3 are associated with increased risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie S Salazar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States.,Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luciane P Capelo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States.,Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dario Zimmerli
- Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Steven Pregizer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Karen Cox
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Satoshi Ohte
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States.,Department of Microbial Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marina Feigenson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Laura Gamer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States
| | | | | | | | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, United States
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20
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Abstract
It is from the discovery of leptin and the central nervous system as a regulator of bone remodeling that the presence of autonomic nerves within the skeleton transitioned from a mere histological observation to the mechanism whereby neurons of the central nervous system communicate with cells of the bone microenvironment and regulate bone homeostasis. This shift in paradigm sparked new preclinical and clinical investigations aimed at defining the contribution of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves to the process of bone development, bone mass accrual, bone remodeling, and cancer metastasis. The aim of this article is to review the data that led to the current understanding of the interactions between the autonomic and skeletal systems and to present a critical appraisal of the literature, bringing forth a schema that can put into physiological and clinical context the main genetic and pharmacological observations pointing to the existence of an autonomic control of skeletal homeostasis. The different types of nerves found in the skeleton, their functional interactions with bone cells, their impact on bone development, bone mass accrual and remodeling, and the possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics and Orthopedic Surgery, Center for Skeletal Medicine and Biology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
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21
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Hamajima K, Hamamura K, Chen A, Yokota H, Mori H, Yo S, Kondo H, Tanaka K, Ishizuka K, Kodama D, Hirai T, Miyazawa K, Goto S, Togari A. Suppression of osteoclastogenesis via α2-adrenergic receptors. Biomed Rep 2018; 8:407-416. [PMID: 29725523 PMCID: PMC5920467 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is known to regulate osteoclast development. However, the involvement of α2-adrenergic receptors (α2-ARs) in osteoclastogenesis is not well understood. In the present study, their potential role in osteoclastogenesis was investigated. Guanabenz, clonidine and xylazine were used as agonists of α2-ARs, while yohimbine and idazoxan were employed as antagonists. Using RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast and primary bone marrow cells, the mRNA expression of the osteoclast-related genes nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K was evaluated following induction with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). TRAP staining was also conducted to assess effects on osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow cells in vitro. Administration of 5–20 µM guanabenz (P<0.01, for RANKL-only treatment), 20 µM clonidine (P<0.05, for RANKL-only treatment) and 20 µM xylazine (P<0.05, for RANKL-only treatment) attenuated RANKL-induced upregulation of NFATc1, TRAP and cathepsin K mRNA. Furthermore, the reductions in these mRNAs by 10 µM guanabenz and 20 µM clonidine in the presence of RANKL were attenuated by 20 µM yohimbine or idazoxan (P<0.05). The administration of 5–20 µM guanabenz (P<0.01, for RANKL-only treatment) and 10–20 µM clonidine (P<0.05, for RANKL-only treatment) also decreased the number of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated osteoclasts. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that α2-ARs may be involved in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hamajima
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Andy Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hiroki Yokota
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hironori Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Shoyoku Yo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kodama
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takao Hirai
- Laboratory of Medical Resources, School of Pharmacy, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
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Martins GM, Teixeira MBCG, Silva MV, Neofiti-Papi B, Miranda-Rodrigues M, Brum PC, Gouveia CHA. Global Disruption of α2A Adrenoceptor Barely Affects Bone Tissue but Minimizes the Detrimental Effects of Thyrotoxicosis on Cortical Bone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:486. [PMID: 30233491 PMCID: PMC6127616 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence shows that sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation inhibits bone formation and activates bone resorption leading to bone loss. Because thyroid hormone (TH) interacts with the SNS to control several physiological processes, we raised the hypothesis that this interaction also controls bone remodeling. We have previously shown that mice with double-gene inactivation of α2A- and -adrenoceptors (α2A/2C-AR-/-) present high bone mass (HBM) phenotype and resistance to thyrotoxicosis-induced osteopenia, which supports a TH-SNS interaction to control bone mass and suggests that it involves α2-AR signaling. Accordingly, we detected expression of α2A-AR, α2B-AR and α2C-AR in the skeleton, and that triiodothyronine (T3) modulates α2C-AR mRNA expression in the bone. Later, we found that mice with single-gene inactivation of α2C-AR (α2C-AR-/-) present low bone mass in the femur and HBM in the vertebra, but that both skeletal sites are resistant to TH-induce osteopenia, showing that the SNS actions occur in a skeletal site-dependent manner, and that thyrotoxicosis depends on α2C-AR signaling to promote bone loss. To further dissect the specific roles of α2-AR subtypes, in this study, we evaluated the skeletal phenotype of mice with single-gene inactivation of α2A-AR (α2A-AR-/-), and the effect of daily treatment with a supraphysiological dose of T3, for 4 or 12 weeks, on bone microarchitecture and bone resistance to fracture. Micro-computed tomographic (μCT) analysis revealed normal trabecular and cortical bone structure in the femur and vertebra of euthyroid α2A-AR-/- mice. Thyrotoxicosis was more detrimental to femoral trabecular bone in α2A-AR-/- than in WT mice, whereas this bone compartment had been previously shown to present resistance to thyrotoxicosis in α2C-AR-/- mice. Altogether these findings reveal that TH excess depends on α2C-AR signaling to negatively affect femoral trabecular bone. In contrast, thyrotoxicosis was more deleterious to femoral and vertebral cortical bone in WT than in α2A-AR-/- mice, suggesting that α2A-AR signaling contributes to TH actions on cortical bone. These findings further support a TH-SNS interaction to control bone physiology, and suggest that α2A-AR and α2C-AR signaling pathways have key roles in the mechanisms through which thyrotoxicosis promotes its detrimental effects on bone remodeling, structure and resistance to fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele M. Martins
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos V. Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Bianca Neofiti-Papi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela Miranda-Rodrigues
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia H. A. Gouveia
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cecilia H. A. Gouveia
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23
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Sakitani N, Iwasawa H, Nomura M, Miura Y, Kuroki H, Ozawa J, Moriyama H. Mechanical Stress by Spasticity Accelerates Fracture Healing After Spinal Cord Injury. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:384-395. [PMID: 28530017 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated fracture healing in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI) is often encountered in clinical practice. However, there is no distinct evidence in the accelerated fracture healing, and the mechanisms of accelerated fracture healing in SCI are poorly understood. We aimed to determine whether SCI accelerated fracture healing in morphology and strength, to characterize the healing process with SCI, and to clarify the factors responsible for accelerated fracture healing. In total, 39 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into healthy control without intervention, SCI only, fracture with SCI, botulinum toxin (BTX) A-treated fracture with SCI, and propranolol-treated fracture with SCI groups. These rats were assessed with computed microtomography, histological, histomorphological, immunohistological, and biomechanical analyses. Both computed microtomography and histological analyses revealed the acceleration of a bony union in animals with SCI. The strength of the healed fractures after SCI recovered to the same level as that of intact bones after SCI, while the healed bones were weaker than the intact bones. Immunohistology revealed that SCI fracture healing was characterized by formation of callus with predominant intramembranous ossification and promoting endochondral ossification. The accelerated fracture healing after SCI was attenuated by BTX injection, but did not change by propranolol. We demonstrated that SCI accelerate fracture healing in both morphology and strength. The accelerated fracture healing with SCI may be due to predominant intramembranous ossification and promoting endochondral ossification. In addition, our results also suggest that muscle contraction by spasticity accelerates fracture healing after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Sakitani
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iwasawa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital, Sugao 2-16-1, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 216-8511, Japan
| | - Masato Nomura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Yasushi Miura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Syogoinkawaharatyo 53, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junya Ozawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Kurose-Gakuendai 555-36, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-2695, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
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24
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Craft CS, Scheller EL. Evolution of the Marrow Adipose Tissue Microenvironment. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:461-475. [PMID: 27364342 PMCID: PMC5618436 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes of the marrow adipose tissue (MAT) are distributed throughout the skeleton, are embedded in extracellular matrix, and are surrounded by cells of the hematopoietic and osteogenic lineages. MAT is a persistent component of the skeletal microenvironment and has the potential to impact local processes including bone accrual and hematopoietic function. In this review, we discuss the initial evolution of MAT in vertebrate lineages while emphasizing comparisons to the development of peripheral adipose, hematopoietic, and skeletal tissues. We then apply these evolutionary clues to define putative functions of MAT. Lastly, we explore the regulation of MAT by two major components of its microenvironment, the extracellular matrix and the nerves embedded within. The extracellular matrix and nerves contribute to both rapid and continuous modification of the MAT niche and may help to explain evolutionary conserved mechanisms underlying the coordinated regulation of blood, bone, and MAT within the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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25
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Jean-Alphonse FG, Wehbi VL, Chen J, Noda M, Taboas JM, Xiao K, Vilardaga JP. β 2-adrenergic receptor control of endosomal PTH receptor signaling via Gβγ. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 13:259-261. [PMID: 28024151 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cells express several G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) at their surfaces, transmitting simultaneous extracellular hormonal and chemical signals into cells. A comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying the integrated signaling response induced by distinct GPCRs is thus required. Here we found that the β2-adrenergic receptor, which induces a short cAMP response, prolongs nuclear cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) activation by promoting endosomal cAMP production in parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor signaling through the stimulatory action of G protein Gβγ subunits on adenylate cyclase type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric G Jean-Alphonse
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vanessa L Wehbi
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jingming Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juan M Taboas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kunhong Xiao
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Vilardaga
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Chen D, Wang Z. Adrenaline inhibits osteogenesis via repressing miR-21 expression. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:8-15. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danying Chen
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration; 399 Yanchang Road Shanghai 200072 PR China
| | - Zuolin Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology; Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration; 399 Yanchang Road Shanghai 200072 PR China
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27
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Laurent MR, Dubois V, Claessens F, Verschueren SMP, Vanderschueren D, Gielen E, Jardí F. Muscle-bone interactions: From experimental models to the clinic? A critical update. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:14-36. [PMID: 26506009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a biomechanical tissue shaped by forces from muscles and gravitation. Simultaneous bone and muscle decay and dysfunction (osteosarcopenia or sarco-osteoporosis) is seen in ageing, numerous clinical situations including after stroke or paralysis, in neuromuscular dystrophies, glucocorticoid excess, or in association with vitamin D, growth hormone/insulin like growth factor or sex steroid deficiency, as well as in spaceflight. Physical exercise may be beneficial in these situations, but further work is still needed to translate acceptable and effective biomechanical interventions like vibration therapy from animal models to humans. Novel antiresorptive and anabolic therapies are emerging for osteoporosis as well as drugs for sarcopenia, cancer cachexia or muscle wasting disorders, including antibodies against myostatin or activin receptor type IIA and IIB (e.g. bimagrumab). Ideally, increasing muscle mass would increase muscle strength and restore bone loss from disuse. However, the classical view that muscle is unidirectionally dominant over bone via mechanical loading is overly simplistic. Indeed, recent studies indicate a role for neuronal regulation of not only muscle but also bone metabolism, bone signaling pathways like receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) implicated in muscle biology, myokines affecting bone and possible bone-to-muscle communication. Moreover, pharmacological strategies inducing isolated myocyte hypertrophy may not translate into increased muscle power because tendons, connective tissue, neurons and energy metabolism need to adapt as well. We aim here to critically review key musculoskeletal molecular pathways involved in mechanoregulation and their effect on the bone-muscle unit as a whole, as well as preclinical and emerging clinical evidence regarding the effects of sarcopenia therapies on osteoporosis and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël R Laurent
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine M P Verschueren
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Science, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ferran Jardí
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Jiao K, Zeng G, Niu LN, Yang HX, Ren GT, Xu XY, Li FF, Tay FR, Wang MQ. Activation of α2A-adrenergic signal transduction in chondrocytes promotes degenerative remodelling of temporomandibular joint. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30085. [PMID: 27452863 PMCID: PMC4958971 DOI: 10.1038/srep30085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested whether activation of adrenoreceptors in chondrocytes has roles in degenerative remodelling of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to determine associated mechanisms. Unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) was established to induce TMJ degeneration in rats. Saline vehicle, α2- and β-adrenoreceptor antagonists or agonists were injected locally into the TMJ area of UAC rats. Cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone microarchitecture and the expression of adrenoreceptors, aggrecans, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and RANKL by chondrocytes were evaluated. Chondrocytes were stimulated by norepinephrine to investigate signal transduction of adrenoreceptors. Increased α2A-adrenoreceptor expression was observed in condylar cartilage of UAC rats, together with cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone loss. Norepinephrine depresses aggrecans expression but stimulates MMP-3, MMP-13 and RANKL production by chondrocytes through ERK1/2 and PKA pathway; these effects were abolished by an α2A-adrenoreceptor antagonist. Furthermore, inhibition of α2A-adrenoreceptor attenuated degenerative remodelling in the condylar cartilage and subchondral bone, as revealed by increased cartilage thickness, proteoglycans and aggrecan expression, and decreased MMP-3, MMP-13 and RANKL expressions in cartilage, increased BMD, BV/TV, and decreased Tb.Sp in subchondral bone. Conversely, activation of α2A-adrenoreceptor intensified aforementioned degenerative changes in UAC rats. It is concluded that activation of α2A-adrenergic signal in chondrocytes promotes TMJ degenerative remodelling by chondrocyte-mediated pro-catabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Department of Dentistry, Tangdu Hospital, Forth Military Medical University, Shannxi, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Western Road No.145, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hong-Xu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gao-Tong Ren
- Undergraduate Department of Oral Science, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Western Road No.145, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xin-Yue Xu
- Undergraduate Department of Oral Science, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Western Road No.145, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fei-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mei-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMD, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, 145 Changle Western Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
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29
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The brain–joint axis in osteoarthritis: nerves, circadian clocks and beyond. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:508-16. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Limonard EJ, Schoenmaker T, de Vries TJ, Tanck MW, Heijboer AC, Endert E, Fliers E, Everts V, Bisschop PH. Clonidine increases bone resorption in humans. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1063-1071. [PMID: 26439240 PMCID: PMC4767867 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Inhibition of sympathetic signaling to bone reduces bone resorption in rodents. In contrast, we show that pharmacological reduction of the sympathetic tone increases bone resorption in humans in vivo. This effect does not appear to be mediated via a direct pharmacological effect on the osteoclast. INTRODUCTION Inhibition of sympathetic signaling to bone reduces bone resorption in rodents. It is uncertain whether a similar role for the sympathetic nervous system exists in humans. The sympathetic tone can be reduced by clonidine, which acts via alpha-2-adrenergic receptors in the brainstem. Our objective was to determine the effect of clonidine on bone turnover in humans. METHODS The acute effect of a single oral dose of 0.3 mg clonidine on serum bone turnover markers (C-terminal cross-linking telopeptides of collagen type I (CTx), a marker for bone resorption, and procollagen type 1 N propeptide (P1NP), a marker for bone formation) was determined in a randomized crossover design in 12 healthy volunteers, aged 18-70 years. In addition, we assessed the effect of clonidine on the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells (TRAcP(+) MNCs) and bone resorption. RESULTS CTx concentrations increased after clonidine treatment compared to the control condition (p = 0.035). P1NP concentrations were not affected by clonidine (p = 0.520). In vitro, clonidine had no effect on the number of TRAcP(+) MNCs (p = 0.513) or on bone resorption (p = 0.996). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that clonidine increases bone resorption in humans in vivo. This effect does not appear to be mediated via a direct effect on the osteoclast.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Limonard
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T. Schoenmaker
- 0000 0001 0295 4797grid.424087.dDepartment of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, MOVE Research Institute, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T. J. de Vries
- 0000 0001 0295 4797grid.424087.dDepartment of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, MOVE Research Institute, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M. W. Tanck
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A. C. Heijboer
- 0000 0004 0435 165Xgrid.16872.3aDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. Endert
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - E. Fliers
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - V. Everts
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and VU University, MOVE Research Institute, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P. H. Bisschop
- 0000000084992262grid.7177.6Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Tanaka K, Hirai T, Kodama D, Kondo H, Hamamura K, Togari A. α1B -Adrenoceptor signalling regulates bone formation through the up-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ expression in osteoblasts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1058-69. [PMID: 26750808 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The sympathetic nervous system regulates bone remodelling, in part, through ß2 -adrenoceptor signalling. However, the physiological role of α1 -adrenoceptor signalling in bone in vivo remains unclear. Therefore, to obtain a deeper understanding of bone remodelling by the sympathetic nervous system, we investigated the role of α1B -adrenoceptor signalling in bone metabolism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Prazosin, a nonspecific α1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, was administered for 2 weeks in C57BL6 mice, and efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography and determination of bone formation by fluorescent labelling of bone. We also compared the bone phenotype of α1B -adrenoceptor null mice (α1B (-/-) ) with that of wild-type littermates. KEY RESULTS We demonstrated that the systemic administration of prazosin decreased bone formation. In addition, α1B -adrenoceptor-deficient mice had a lower bone mass due to decreased bone formation but did not exhibit any changes in bone-resorbing activity. Furthermore, stimulation with phenylephrine, a non-specific α1 -adrenoceptor agonist, increased the expression of the transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (Cebpd) in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. The overexpression of Cebpd induced cellular proliferation in MC3T3-E1 cells, whereas the silencing of Cebpd suppressed it. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results suggested that α1B -adrenoceptor signalling is required for bone formation and regulated cellular proliferation through a mechanism relevant to the up-regulation of Cebpd in osteoblasts and, thus, provide new evidence for the physiological importance of α1B -adrenoceptor signalling in bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Takao Hirai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kodama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, 464-8650, Japan
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Cruz Grecco Teixeira MB, Martins GM, Miranda-Rodrigues M, De Araújo IF, Oliveira R, Brum PC, Azevedo Gouveia CH. Lack of α2C-Adrenoceptor Results in Contrasting Phenotypes of Long Bones and Vertebra and Prevents the Thyrotoxicosis-Induced Osteopenia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146795. [PMID: 26815679 PMCID: PMC4729682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of studies have demonstrated that activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) causes osteopenia via β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) signaling. However, in a recent study, we found an unexpected and generalized phenotype of high bone mass in female mice with chronic sympathetic hyperactivity, due to double gene inactivation of adrenoceptors that negatively regulate norepinephrine release, α2A-and α2C-AR (α2A/2C-AR-/-). These findings suggest that β2-AR is not the single adrenoceptor involved in bone turnover regulation and show that α2-AR signaling may also mediate the SNS actions in the skeleton. In addition, we found that α2A/2C-AR-/- animals are resistant to the thyrotoxicosis-induced osteopenia, suggesting that thyroid hormone (TH), when in supraphysiological levels, interacts with the SNS to control bone mass and structure, and that this interaction may also involve α2-AR signaling. In the present study, to further investigate these hypotheses and to discriminate the roles of α2-AR subtypes, we have evaluated the bone phenotype of mice with the single gene inactivation of α2C-AR subtype, which mRNA expression was previously shown to be down regulated by triiodothyronine (T3). A cohort of 30 day-old female α2CAR-/- mice and their wild-type (WT) controls were treated with a supraphysiological dose of T3 for 30 or 90 days, which induced a thyrotoxic state in both mouse lineages. The micro-computed tomographic (μCT) analysis showed that α2C-AR-/- mice present lower trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) and number (Tb.N), and increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) in the femur compared with WT mice; which was accompanied by decreased bone strength (determined by the three-point bending test) in the femur and tibia. The opposite was observed in the vertebra, where α2C-AR-/- mice show increased BV/TV, Tb.N and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and decreased Tb.Sp, compared with WT animals. In spite of the contrasting bone phenotypes of the femur and L5, thyrotoxicosis negatively regulated most of the micro architectural features of the trabecular bone in both skeletal sites of WT, but not of α2C-AR-/- mice. T3 treatment also decreased biomechanical properties (maximum load and ultimate load) in the femur and tibia of WT, but not of knockout mice. The mRNA expression of osteocalcin, a marker of mature osteoblasts, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, which is expressed by osteoclasts and is involved in collagen degradation, was increased by T3 treatment only in WT, and not in α2C-AR-/- mice. Altogether, these findings suggest that α2C-AR subtype mediates the effects of the SNS in the bone in a skeletal site-dependent manner, and that thyrotoxicosis depends on α2C-AR signaling to promote bone loss, which sustains the hypothesis of a TH-SNS interaction to modulate bone remodeling and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisele Miyamura Martins
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Chakur Brum
- Departament of Biodinamic of Human Body Moviment, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Muschter D, Schäfer N, Stangl H, Straub RH, Grässel S. Sympathetic Neurotransmitters Modulate Osteoclastogenesis and Osteoclast Activity in the Context of Collagen-Induced Arthritis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139726. [PMID: 26431344 PMCID: PMC4592252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive synovial osteoclastogenesis is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Concomitantly, local synovial changes comprise neuronal components of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Here, we wanted to analyze if collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) alters bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMM) osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity, and how sympathetic neurotransmitters participate in this process. Therefore, BMMs from Dark Agouti rats at different CIA stages were differentiated into osteoclasts in vitro and osteoclast number, cathepsin K activity, matrix resorption and apoptosis were analyzed in the presence of acetylcholine (ACh), noradrenaline (NA) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and assay-dependent, adenylyl cyclase activator NKH477. We observed modulation of neurotransmitter receptor mRNA expression in CIA osteoclasts without affecting protein level. CIA stage-dependently altered marker gene expression associated with osteoclast differentiation and activity without affecting osteoclast number or activity. Neurotransmitter stimulation modulated osteoclast differentiation, apoptosis and activity. VIP, NA and adenylyl cyclase activator NKH477 inhibited cathepsin K activity and osteoclastogenesis (NKH477, 10(-6) M NA) whereas ACh mostly acted pro-osteoclastogenic. We conclude that CIA alone does not affect metabolism of in vitro generated osteoclasts whereas stimulation with NA, VIP plus specific activation of adenylyl cyclase induced anti-resorptive effects probably mediated via cAMP signaling. Contrary, we suggest pro-osteoclastogenic and pro-resorptive properties of ACh mediated via muscarinic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, BioPark I, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Nicole Schäfer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Hubert Stangl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Rainer H. Straub
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, BioPark I, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
- * E-mail:
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β2-Adrenergic signal transduction plays a detrimental role in subchondral bone loss of temporomandibular joint in osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26219508 PMCID: PMC4518212 DOI: 10.1038/srep12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study tested whether activation of the sympathetic tone by aberrant joint loading elicits abnormal subchondral bone remodeling in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis. Abnormal dental occlusion was created in experimental rats, which were then intraperitoneally injected by saline, propranolol or isoproterenol. The norepinephrine contents, distribution of sympathetic nerve fibers, expression of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) and remodeling parameters in the condylar subchondral bone were investigated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from condylar subchondral bones were harvested for comparison of their β-ARs, pro-osteoclastic gene expressions and pro-osteoclastic function. Increases in norepinephrine level, sympathetic nerve fiber distribution and β2-AR expression were observed in the condylar subchondral bone of experimental rats, together with subchondral bone loss and increased osteoclast activity. β-antagonist (propranolol) suppressed subchondral bone loss and osteoclast hyperfunction while β-agonist (isoproterenol) exacerbated those responses. MSCs from experimental condylar subchondral bone expressed higher levels of β2-AR and RANKL; norepinephrine stimulation further increased their RANKL expression and pro-osteoclastic function. These effects were blocked by inhibition of β2-AR or the PKA pathway. RANKL expression by MSCs decreased after propranolol administration and increased after isoproterenol administration. It is concluded that β2-AR signal-mediated subchondral bone loss in TMJ osteoarthritisis associated with increased RANKL secretion by MSCs.
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Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Oei L, Souverein PC, Tanck MWT, Rivadeneira F, Zillikens MC, Kamphuisen PW, Maitland - van der Zee A, de Groot MCH, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Fliers E, de Boer A, Bisschop PH. Association of polymorphisms in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene with fracture risk and bone mineral density. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:2019-27. [PMID: 25910744 PMCID: PMC4483183 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Signaling through the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) on the osteoblast influences bone remodeling in rodents. In the B2AR gene, three polymorphisms influence receptor function. We show that these polymorphisms are not associated with fracture risk or bone mineral density in the UCP, Rotterdam Study, and GEFOS cohorts. INTRODUCTION Signaling through the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) on the osteoblast influences bone remodeling in rodents. In the B2AR gene, three polymorphisms are known to influence receptor function in vitro and in vivo (rs1042713, rs1042714, and rs1800888). We examined the role of these polymorphisms in the B2AR gene on human bone metabolism. METHODS We performed nested case-control studies to determine the association of these polymorphisms with fracture risk in the Utrecht Cardiovascular Pharmacogenetics (UCP) cohort and in three cohorts of the Rotterdam Study. We also determined the association of these polymorphisms with bone mineral density (BMD) in the GEFOS Consortium. UCP contains drug-dispensing histories from community pharmacies linked to national registrations of hospital discharges in the Netherlands. The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study investigating demographics and risk factors of chronic diseases. GEFOS is a large international collaboration studying the genetics of osteoporosis. Fractures were defined by ICD-9 codes 800-829 in the UCP cohort (158 cases and 2617 unmatched controls) and by regular X-ray examinations, general practitioner, and hospital records in the Rotterdam Study (2209 cases and 8559 unmatched controls). BMD was measured at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in GEFOS (N = 32,961). RESULTS Meta-analysis of the two nested case-control studies showed pooled odds ratios of 0.98 (0.91-1.05, p = 0.52), 1.04 (0.97-1.12, p = 0.28), and 1.16 (0.83-1.62, p = 0.38) for the associations between rs1042713, rs1042714, and rs1800888 per minor allele and fractures, respectively. There were no significant associations of the polymorphisms and BMD in GEFOS. CONCLUSION In conclusion, polymorphisms in the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene are not associated with fracture risk or BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Veldhuis-Vlug
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L. Oei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P. C. Souverein
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. W. T. Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F. Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. C. Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P. W. Kamphuisen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A.H. Maitland - van der Zee
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. C. H. de Groot
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A. Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Aging (NCHA), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E. Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. de Boer
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. H. Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mlakar V, Jurkovic Mlakar S, Zupan J, Komadina R, Prezelj J, Marc J. ADRA2A is involved in neuro-endocrine regulation of bone resorption. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1520-9. [PMID: 25818344 PMCID: PMC4511350 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic stimulation is important for osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Previous research shows that this happens through β2-adrenergic receptor (AR), but there are conflicting evidence on presence and role of α2A-AR in bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of α2A-AR and its involvement in neuro-endocrine signalling of bone remodelling in humans. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate α2A-AR receptor presence and localization in bone cells. Functionality of rs553668 and rs1800544 single nucleotide polymorphism SNPs located in α2A-AR gene was analysed by qPCR expression on bone samples and luciferase reporter assay in human osteosarcoma HOS cells. Using real-time PCR, genetic association study between rs553668 A>G and rs1800544 C>G SNPs and major bone markers was performed on 661 Slovenian patients with osteoporosis. α2A-AR is expressed in osteoblasts and lining cells but not in osteocytes. SNP rs553668 has a significant influence on α2A-AR mRNA level in human bone samples through the stability of mRNA. α2A-AR gene locus associates with important bone remodelling markers (BMD, CTX, Cathepsin K and pOC). The results of this study are providing comprehensive new evidence that α2A-AR is involved in neuro-endocrine signalling of bone turnover and development of osteoporosis. As shown by our results the neurological signalling is mediated through osteoblasts and result in bone resorption. Genetic study showed association of SNPs in α2A-AR gene locus with bone remodelling markers, identifying the individuals with higher risk of development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vid Mlakar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Jurkovic Mlakar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Zupan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Radko Komadina
- Department for Research and Education, General and Teaching Hospital Celje, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Janez Prezelj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Komori T. Animal models for osteoporosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 759:287-94. [PMID: 25814262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major types of osteoporosis in humans are postmenopausal osteoporosis, disuse osteoporosis, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Animal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis are generated by ovariectomy. Bone loss occurs in estrogen deficiency due to enhanced bone resorption and impaired osteoblast function. Estrogen receptor α induces osteoclast apoptosis, but the mechanism for impaired osteoblast function remains to be clarified. Animal models for unloading are generated by tail suspension or hind limb immobilization by sciatic neurectomy, tenotomy, or using plaster cast. Unloading inhibits bone formation and enhances bone resorption, and the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in it needs to be further investigated. The osteocyte network regulates bone mass by responding to mechanical stress. Osteoblast-specific BCL2 transgenic mice, in which the osteocyte network is completely disrupted, can be a mouse model for the evaluation of osteocyte functions. Glucocorticoid treatment inhibits bone formation and enhances bone resorption, and markedly reduces cancellous bone in humans and large animals, but not consistently in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihisa Komori
- Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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Cao Y, Gomes SA, Rangel EB, Paulino EC, Fonseca TL, Li J, Teixeira MB, Gouveia CH, Bianco AC, Kapiloff MS, Balkan W, Hare JM. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-dependent PPARγ denitrosylation participates in MSC-derived adipogenesis and osteogenesis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1679-91. [PMID: 25798618 DOI: 10.1172/jci73780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a common precursor of both adipocytes and osteoblasts. While it is appreciated that PPARγ regulates the balance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis, the roles of additional regulators of this process remain controversial. Here, we show that MSCs isolated from mice lacking S-nitrosoglutathione reductase, a denitrosylase that regulates protein S-nitrosylation, exhibited decreased adipogenesis and increased osteoblastogenesis compared with WT MSCs. Consistent with this cellular phenotype, S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-deficient mice were smaller, with reduced fat mass and increased bone formation that was accompanied by elevated bone resorption. WT and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-deficient MSCs exhibited equivalent PPARγ expression; however, S-nitrosylation of PPARγ was elevated in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-deficient MSCs, diminishing binding to its downstream target fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). We further identified Cys 139 of PPARγ as an S-nitrosylation site and demonstrated that S-nitrosylation of PPARγ inhibits its transcriptional activity, suggesting a feedback regulation of PPARγ transcriptional activity by NO-mediated S-nitrosylation. Together, these results reveal that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-dependent modification of PPARγ alters the balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation and provides checkpoint regulation of the lineage bifurcation of these 2 lineages. Moreover, these findings provide pathophysiological and therapeutic insights regarding MSC participation in adipogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Veldhuis-Vlug AG, Tanck MW, Limonard EJ, Endert E, Heijboer AC, Lips P, Fliers E, Bisschop PH. The effects of beta-2 adrenergic agonist and antagonist on human bone metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. Bone 2015; 71:196-200. [PMID: 25451321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic knockout or pharmacological inhibition of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) increased bone mass, whereas stimulation decreased bone mass in rodents. In humans, observational studies support sympathetic nervous system regulation of bone metabolism, but intervention studies are lacking. We aimed to determine the effects of a selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist and non-selective antagonist on human bone metabolism. METHODS 32 healthy postmenopausal women were included in a randomized controlled trial conducted in the Academic Medical Center Amsterdam. Participants were randomized to receive treatment with 17-β estradiol 2mg/day; 17-β estradiol 2mg/day and terbutaline 5mg/day (selective B2AR agonist); propranolol 80mg/day (non-selective B-AR antagonist); or no treatment during 12weeks. Main outcome measure was the change in serum concentrations of procollagen type I N propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal crosslinking telopeptides of collagen type I (CTx) as markers of bone formation and resorption after 12weeks compared between the treatment groups. Data were analyzed with mixed model analysis. RESULTS 17-β estradiol decreased bone turnover compared to control (P1NP p<0.001, CTx p=0.003), but terbutaline combined with 17-β estradiol failed to increase bone turnover compared to 17-β estradiol alone (P1NP p=0.135, CTx p=0.406). Propranolol did not affect bone turnover compared to control (P1NP p=0.709, CTx p=0.981). CONCLUSION Selective beta-2 adrenergic agonists and non-selective beta-antagonists do not affect human bone turnover although we cannot exclude small changes below the detection limit of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Veldhuis-Vlug
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - M W Tanck
- Dept. of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E J Limonard
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E Endert
- Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory of Endocrinology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A C Heijboer
- Dept. of Clinical Chemistry, Endocrine Laboratory, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P Lips
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E Fliers
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P H Bisschop
- Dept. of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fonseca TL, Teixeira MBCG, Miranda-Rodrigues M, Silva MV, Martins GM, Costa CC, Arita DY, Perez JD, Casarini DE, Brum PC, Gouveia CHA. Thyroid hormone interacts with the sympathetic nervous system to modulate bone mass and structure in young adult mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E408-18. [PMID: 25005498 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00643.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whether thyroid hormone (TH) interacts with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to modulate bone mass and structure, we studied the effects of daily T3 treatment in a supraphysiological dose for 12 wk on the bone of young adult mice with chronic sympathetic hyperactivity owing to double-gene disruption of adrenoceptors that negatively regulate norepinephrine release, α(2A)-AR, and α(2C)-AR (α(2A/2C)-AR(-/-) mice). As expected, T3 treatment caused a generalized decrease in the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of WT mice (determined by DEXA), followed by deleterious effects on the trabecular and cortical bone microstructural parameters (determined by μCT) of the femur and vertebra and on the biomechanical properties (maximum load, ultimate load, and stiffness) of the femur. Surprisingly, α(2A/2C)-AR(-/-) mice were resistant to most of these T3-induced negative effects. Interestingly, the mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin, a protein that limits osteoclast activity, was upregulated and downregulated by T3 in the bone of α(2A/2C)-AR(-/-) and WT mice, respectively. β1-AR mRNA expression and IGF-I serum levels, which exert bone anabolic effects, were increased by T3 treatment only in α(2A/2C)-AR(-/-) mice. As expected, T3 inhibited the cell growth of calvaria-derived osteoblasts isolated from WT mice, but this effect was abolished or reverted in cells isolated from KO mice. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis of a TH-SNS interaction to control bone mass and structure of young adult mice and suggests that this interaction may involve α2-AR signaling. Finally, the present findings offer new insights into the mechanisms through which TH regulates bone mass, structure, and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L Fonseca
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilia B C G Teixeira
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos V Silva
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele M Martins
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Costa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Y Arita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Division, Federal University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Juliana D Perez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Division, Federal University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Dulce E Casarini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Division, Federal University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia H A Gouveia
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;
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Niedermair T, Kuhn V, Doranehgard F, Stange R, Wieskötter B, Beckmann J, Salmen P, Springorum HR, Straub RH, Zimmer A, Grifka J, Grässel S. Absence of substance P and the sympathetic nervous system impact on bone structure and chondrocyte differentiation in an adult model of endochondral ossification. Matrix Biol 2014; 38:22-35. [PMID: 25063231 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers (SNF) innervate bone and epiphyseal growth plate. The role of neuronal signals for proper endochondral ossification during skeletal growth is mostly unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of the absence of sensory neurotransmitter substance P (SP) and the removal of SNF on callus differentiation, a model for endochondral ossification in adult animals, and on bone formation. METHODS In order to generate callus, tibia fractures were set in the left hind leg of wild type (WT), tachykinin 1-deficient (Tac1-/-) mice (no SP) and animals without SNF. Locomotion was tested in healthy animals and touch sensibility was determined early after fracture. Callus tissue was prepared for immunofluorescence staining for SP, neurokinin1-receptor (NK1R), tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) and adrenergic receptors α1, α2 and β2. At the fracture site, osteoclasts were stained for TRAP, osteoblasts were stained for RUNX2, and histomorphometric analysis of callus tissue composition was performed. Primary murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM), osteoclasts, and osteoblasts were tested for differentiation, activity, proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Femoral fractures were set in the left hind leg of all the three groups for mechanical testing and μCT-analysis. RESULTS Callus cells stained positive for SP, NK1R, α1d- and α2b adrenoceptors and remained β2-adrenoceptor and TH-negative. Absence of SP and SNF did not change the general locomotion but reduces touch sensitivity after fracture. In mice without SNF, we detected more mesenchymal callus tissue and less cartilaginous tissue 5 days after fracture. At day 13 past fracture, we observed a decrease of the area covered by hypertrophic chondrocytes in Tac1-/- mice and mice without SNF, a lower number of osteoblasts in Tac1-/- mice and an increase of osteoclasts in mineralized callus tissue in mice without SNF. Apoptosis rate and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts isolated from Tac1-/- and sympathectomized mice were partly altered in vitro. Mechanical testing of fractured- and contralateral legs 21 days after fracture, revealed an overall reduced mechanical bone quality in Tac1-/- mice and mice without SNF. μCT-analysis revealed clear structural alteration in contralateral and fractured legs proximal of the fracture site with respect to trabecular parameters, bone mass and connectivity density. Notably, structural parameters are altered in fractured legs when related to unfractured legs in WT but not in mice without SP and SNF. CONCLUSION The absence of SP and SNF reduces pain sensitivity and mechanical stability of the bone in general. The micro-architecture of the bone is profoundly impaired in the absence of intact SNF with a less drastic effect in SP-deficient mice. Both sympathetic and sensory neurotransmitters are indispensable for proper callus differentiation. Importantly, the absence of SP reduces bone formation rate whereas the absence of SNF induces bone resorption rate. Notably, fracture chondrocytes produce SP and its receptor NK1 and are positive for α-adrenoceptors indicating an endogenous callus signaling loop. We propose that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are essential for proper bone formation in addition to their classical neurological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Niedermair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fatemeh Doranehgard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Britta Wieskötter
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Salmen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute for Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany.
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Sato T, Miyazawa K, Suzuki Y, Mizutani Y, Uchibori S, Asaoka R, Arai M, Togari A, Goto S. Selective β2-adrenergic Antagonist Butoxamine Reduces Orthodontic Tooth Movement. J Dent Res 2014; 93:807-12. [PMID: 24868013 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514536730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in bone metabolism has attracted attention. β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) is presented on osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells. We previously demonstrated that β-AR blockers at low dose improve osteoporosis with hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system via β2-AR blocking, while they may have a somewhat inhibitory effect on osteoblastic activity at high doses. In this study, the effects of butoxamine (BUT), a specific β2-AR antagonist, on tooth movement were examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showing osteoporosis with hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. We administered BUT (1 mg/kg) orally, and closed-coil springs were inserted into the upper-left first molar. After sacrifice, we calculated the amount of tooth movement and analyzed the trabecular microarchitecture and histomorphometry. The distance in the SHR control was greater than that in the Wistar-Kyoto rat group, but no significant difference was found in the SHR treated with BUT compared with the Wistar-Kyoto rat control. Analysis of bone volume per tissue volume, trabecular number, and osteoclast surface per bone surface in the alveolar bone showed clear bone loss by an increase of bone resorption in SHR. In addition, BUT treatment resulted in a recovery of alveolar bone loss. Furthermore, TH-immunoreactive nerves in the periodontal ligament were increased by tooth movement, and BUT administration decreased TH-immunoreactive nerves. These results suggest that BUT prevents alveolar bone loss and orthodontic tooth movement via β2-AR blocking.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Suzuki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Mizutani
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Uchibori
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - R Asaoka
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Arai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan Department of Dental Hygiene, Aichi-Gakuin Junior College, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Elefteriou F, Campbell P, Ma Y. Control of bone remodeling by the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Calcif Tissue Int 2014; 94:140-51. [PMID: 23765388 PMCID: PMC3883940 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-013-9752-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is no longer seen as a static, isolated, and mostly structural organ. Over the last two decades, a more complete picture of the multiple functions of the skeleton has emerged, and its interactions with a growing number of apparently unrelated organs have become evident. The skeleton not only reacts to mechanical loading and inflammatory, hormonal, and mineral challenges, but also acts of its own accord by secreting factors controlling the function of other tissues, including the kidney and possibly the pancreas and gonads. It is thus becoming widely recognized that it is by nature an endocrine organ, in addition to a structural organ and site of mineral storage and hematopoiesis. Consequently and by definition, bone homeostasis must be tightly regulated and integrated with the biology of other organs to maintain whole body homeostasis, and data uncovering the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in the control of bone remodeling support this concept. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) represents one of the main links between the CNS and the skeleton, based on a number of anatomic, pharmacologic, and genetic studies focused on β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling in bone cells. The goal of this report was to review the data supporting the role of the SNS and βAR signaling in the regulation of skeletal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Elefteriou
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA,
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Ma Y, Krueger JJ, Redmon SN, Uppuganti S, Nyman JS, Hahn MK, Elefteriou F. Extracellular norepinephrine clearance by the norepinephrine transporter is required for skeletal homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:30105-30113. [PMID: 24005671 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.481309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in bone remodeling induced by pharmacological and genetic manipulation of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling in osteoblasts support a role of sympathetic nerves in the regulation of bone remodeling. However, the contribution of endogenous sympathetic outflow and nerve-derived norepinephrine (NE) to bone remodeling under pathophysiological conditions remains unclear. We show here that differentiated osteoblasts, like neurons, express the norepinephrine transporter (NET), exhibit specific NE uptake activity via NET and can catabolize, but not generate, NE. Pharmacological blockade of NE transport by reboxetine induced bone loss in WT mice. Similarly, lack of NE reuptake in norepinephrine transporter (Net)-deficient mice led to reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption, resulting in suboptimal peak bone mass and mechanical properties associated with low sympathetic outflow and high plasma NE levels. Last, daily sympathetic activation induced by mild chronic stress was unable to induce bone loss, unless NET activity was blocked. These findings indicate that the control of endogenous NE release and reuptake by presynaptic neurons and osteoblasts is an important component of the complex homeostatic machinery by which the sympathetic nervous system controls bone remodeling. These findings also suggest that drugs antagonizing NET activity, used for the treatment of hyperactivity disorders, may have deleterious effects on bone accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology
| | | | - Sara N Redmon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology,; the Department of Orthopaedic, Surgery and Rehabilitation
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology,; the Department of Orthopaedic, Surgery and Rehabilitation,; Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Maureen K Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine,; Department of Pharmacology,; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, and
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology,; Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology,; Department of Pharmacology,; Department of Cancer Biology,.
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Hanami K, Nakano K, Saito K, Okada Y, Yamaoka K, Kubo S, Kondo M, Tanaka Y. Dopamine D2-like receptor signaling suppresses human osteoclastogenesis. Bone 2013; 56:1-8. [PMID: 23631878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine, a major neurotransmitter, transmits signals via five different seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors termed D1 to D5. Although the relevance of neuroendocrine system to bone metabolism has been emerging, the precise effects of dopaminergic signaling upon osteoclastogenesis remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that human monocyte-derived osteoclast precursor cells express all dopamine-receptor subtypes. Dopamine and dopamine D2-like receptor agonists such as pramipexole and quinpirole reduced the formation of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells, cathepsin K mRNA expression, and pit formation area in vitro. These inhibitory effects were reversed by pre-treatment with a D2-like receptor antagonist haloperidol or a Gαi inhibitor pertussis toxin, but not with the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH-23390. Dopamine and dopamine D2-like receptor agonists, but not a D1-like receptor agonist, suppressed intracellular cAMP concentration as well as RANKL-meditated induction of c-Fos and NFATc1 mRNA expression in human osteoclast precursor cells. Finally, the dopamine D2-like receptor agonist suppressed LPS-induced osteoclast formation in murine bone marrow culture ex vivo. These findings indicate that dopaminergic signaling plays an important role in bone homeostasis via direct effects upon osteoclast differentiation and further suggest that the clinical use of neuroleptics is likely to affect bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hanami
- The First department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Fonseca TL, Correa-Medina M, Campos MP, Wittmann G, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Arrojo e Drigo R, Mora-Garzon M, Ueta CB, Caicedo A, Fekete C, Gereben B, Lechan RM, Bianco AC. Coordination of hypothalamic and pituitary T3 production regulates TSH expression. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1492-500. [PMID: 23524969 PMCID: PMC3613903 DOI: 10.1172/jci61231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II deiodinase (D2) activates thyroid hormone by converting thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). This allows plasma T4 to signal a negative feedback loop that inhibits production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the pituitary. To determine the relative contributions of these D2 pathways in the feedback loop, we developed 2 mouse strains with pituitary- and astrocyte-specific D2 knockdown (pit-D2 KO and astro-D2 KO mice, respectively). The pit-D2 KO mice had normal serum T3 and were systemically euthyroid, but exhibited an approximately 3-fold elevation in serum TSH levels and a 40% reduction in biological activity. This was the result of elevated serum T4 that increased D2-mediated T3 production in the MBH, thus decreasing Trh mRNA. That tanycytes, not astrocytes, are the cells within the MBH that mediate T4-to-T3 conversion was defined by studies using the astro-D2 KO mice. Despite near-complete loss of brain D2, tanycyte D2 was preserved in astro-D2 KO mice at levels that were sufficient to maintain both the T4-dependent negative feedback loop and thyroid economy. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the hypothalamic-thyroid axis is wired to maintain normal plasma T3 levels, which is achieved through coordination of T4-to-T3 conversion between thyrotrophs and tanycytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L. Fonseca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mayrin Correa-Medina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maira P.O. Campos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Wittmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joao P. Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafael Arrojo e Drigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magda Mora-Garzon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cintia Bagne Ueta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Gereben
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ronald M. Lechan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Lecka-Czernik B. Marrow fat metabolism is linked to the systemic energy metabolism. Bone 2012; 50:534-9. [PMID: 21757043 PMCID: PMC3197966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the role of bone in the systemic regulation of energy metabolism indicate that bone marrow cells, adipocytes and osteoblasts, are involved in this process. Marrow adipocytes store significant quantities of fat and produce adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, which are known for their role in the regulation of energy metabolism, whereas osteoblasts produce osteocalcin, a bone-specific hormone that has a potential to regulate insulin production in the pancreas and adiponectin production in fat tissue. Both osteoblasts and marrow adipocytes express insulin receptor and respond to insulin-sensitizing anti-diabetic TZDs in a manner, which tightly links bone with the energy metabolism system. Metabolic profile of marrow fat resembles that of both, white and brown fat, which is reflected by its plasticity in acquiring different functions including maintenance of bone micro-environment. Marrow fat responds to physiologic and pathologic changes in energy metabolism status by changing volume and metabolic activity. This review summarizes available information on the metabolic function of marrow fat and provides hypothesis that this fat depot may acquire multiple roles depending on the local and perhaps systemic demands. These functions may include a role in bone energy maintenance and endocrine activities to serve osteogenesis during bone remodeling and bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Toledo Health Sciences Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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