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Di Marco T, Mazzoni M, Greco A, Cassinelli G. Non-oncogene dependencies: Novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116254. [PMID: 38704100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Targeting oncogene addictions have changed the history of subsets of malignancies and continues to represent an excellent therapeutic opportunity. Nonetheless, alternative strategies are required to treat malignancies driven by undruggable oncogenes or loss of tumor suppressor genes and to overcome drug resistance also occurring in cancers addicted to actionable drivers. The discovery of non-oncogene addiction (NOA) uncovered novel therapeutically exploitable "Achilles' heels". NOA refers to genes/pathways not oncogenic per sé but essential for the tumor cell growth/survival while dispensable for normal cells. The clinical success of several classes of conventional and molecular targeted agents can be ascribed to their impact on both tumor cell-associated intrinsic as well as microenvironment-related extrinsic NOA. The integration of genetic, computational and pharmacological high-throughput approaches led to the identification of an expanded repertoire of synthetic lethality interactions implicating NOA targets. Only a few of them have been translated into the clinics as most NOA vulnerabilities are not easily druggable or appealing targets. Nonetheless, their identification has provided in-depth knowledge of tumor pathobiology and suggested novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, we summarize conceptual framework of intrinsic and extrinsic NOA providing exploitable vulnerabilities. Conventional and emerging methodological approaches used to disclose NOA dependencies are reported together with their limits. We illustrate NOA paradigmatic and peculiar examples and outline the functional/mechanistic aspects, potential druggability and translational interest. Finally, we comment on difficulties in exploiting the NOA-generated knowledge to develop novel therapeutic approaches to be translated into the clinics and to fully harness the potential of clinically available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Di Marco
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Mazzoni
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Greco
- Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Experimental Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Cuan R, Liu S, Zhou C, Wang S, Zheng Y, Yuan Y. Transcriptome Analysis of mfs2-Defective Penicillium digitatum Mutant to Reveal Importance of Pd mfs2 in Developing Fungal Prochloraz Resistance. Microorganisms 2024; 12:888. [PMID: 38792718 PMCID: PMC11123787 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), including prochloraz, are popular fungicides to control citrus postharvest pathogens such as Penicillium digitatum (green mold). However, many P. digitatum strains have developed prochloraz resistance, which decreases drug efficacy. Specific major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter gene mfs2, encoding drug-efflux pump protein MFS2, has been identified in P. digitatum strain F6 (PdF6) to confer fungal strain prochloraz resistance. However, except for the drug-efflux pump function of MFS2, other mechanisms relating to the Pdmfs2 are not fully clear. The present study reported a transcriptome investigation on the mfs2-defective P. digitatum strain. Comparing to the wild-type strain, the mfs2-defective strain showed 717 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) without prochloraz induction, and 1221 DEGs with prochloraz induction. The obtained DEGs included multiple isoforms of MFS transporter-encoding genes, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-encoding genes, and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family protein-encoding genes. Many of these putative drug-efflux pump protein-encoding genes had significantly lower transcript abundances in the mfs2-defective P. digitatum strain at prochloraz induction, as compared to the wild-type strain, including twenty-two MFS transporter-encoding genes (MFS1 to MFS22), two ABC transporter-encoding genes (ABC1 and ABC2), and three MATE protein-encoding genes (MATE1 to MATE3). The prochloraz induction on special drug-efflux pump protein genes in the wild-type strain was not observed in the mfs2-defective strain, including MFS21, MFS22, ABC2, MATE1, MATE2, and MATE3. On the other hand, the up-regulation of other drug-efflux pump protein genes in the mfs2-defective strain cannot recover the fungal prochloraz resistance, including MFS23, MFS26, MFS27, MFS31, MFS33, and ABC3 to ABC8. The functional enrichment of DEGs based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), and euKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG) database resources suggested some essential contributors to the mfs2-relating prochloraz resistance, including ribosome biosynthesis-related genes, oxidative phosphorylation genes, steroid biosynthesis-related genes, fatty acid and lipid metabolism-related genes, and carbon- and nitrogen-metabolism-related genes. The results indicated that the MFS2 transporter might be involved in the regulation of multiple drug-efflux pump protein gene expressions and multiple metabolism-related gene expressions, thus playing an important role in developing P. digitatum prochloraz resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Cuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.C.); (C.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shaoting Liu
- School of Political and Law, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China;
| | - Chuanyou Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.C.); (C.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Shengqiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.C.); (C.Z.); (S.W.)
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization & Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China;
| | - Yongze Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China; (R.C.); (C.Z.); (S.W.)
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Li N, Chen K, Han S, Wang S, He Y, Wang X, Li P, Ji L, Liu R, Lei K. Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity, and Molecular Mode of Action Evaluation of Novel Aryloxyphenoxypropionate/Amide Derivatives Containing a Quinazolinone Moiety. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38599785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
To develop aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides with a novel structure and improved activity, a total of 39 aryloxyphenoxypropionate/amide derivatives containing quinazolinone moiety were synthesized and further bioevaluated. The bioassay results in the greenhouse showed that most of the target compounds had good herbicidal activity under postemergence conditions, of which, QPP-I-6 displayed excellent herbicidal activity against Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Spartina alterniflora, Eleusine indica, and Pennisetum alopecuroides with inhibition rates >90% at a dosage of 187.5 g ha-1. More importantly, QPP-I-6 displayed higher crop safety to Gossypium hirsutum, Glycine max, and Arachis hypogaea than the commercial herbicide quizalofop-p-ethyl. Studying the molecular mode of action by phenotypic observation, membrane permeability evaluation, transcriptomic analysis, and in vivo ACCase activity evaluation reveals that QPP-I-6 is a novel ACCase inhibitor. The present work demonstrates that QPP-I-6 can serve as a lead compound for further developing novel ACCase-inhibiting herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Shibo Han
- State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Yanqin He
- State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Xuekun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Lusha Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-Do 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Macromolecule Drugs and Large-Scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P. R. China
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Pei X, Bai T, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Fan Y, Liu TX. Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase modulates lipogenesis and sugar homeostasis in Blattella germanica. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:387-404. [PMID: 37486126 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipid and sugar homeostasis is critical for insect development and survival. In this study, we characterized an acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase gene in Blattella germanica (BgACC) that is involved in both lipogenesis and sugar homeostasis. We found that BgACC was dominantly expressed in the fat body and integument, and was significantly upregulated after molting. Knockdown of BgACC in 5th-instar nymphs did not affect their normal molting to the next nymphal stage, but it caused a lethal phenotype during adult emergence. BgACC-RNA interference (RNAi) significantly downregulated total free fatty acid (FFA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) levels, and also caused a significant decrease of cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs). Repression of BgACC in adult females affected the development of oocytes and resulted in sterile females, but BgACC-RNAi did not affect the reproductive ability of males. Interestingly, knockdown of BgACC also changed the expression of insulin-like peptide genes (BgILPs), which mimicked a physiological state of high sugar uptake. In addition, BgACC was upregulated when B. germanica were fed on a high sucrose diet, and repression of BgACC upregulated the expression of the glycogen synthase gene (BgGlyS). Moreover, BgACC-RNAi increased the circulating sugar levels and glycogen storage, and a longevity assay suggested that BgACC was important for the survival of B. germanica under conditions of high sucrose uptake. Our results confirm that BgACC is involved in multiple lipid biogenesis and sugar homeostasis processes, which further modulates insect reproduction and sugar tolerance. This study benefits our understanding of the crosstalk between lipid and sugar metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tiantian Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology and Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongliang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong-Xian Liu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Madan K, Paliwal S, Sharma S, Kesar S, Chauhan N, Madan M. QSAR Studies and Scaffold Optimization of Predicted Novel ACC 2 Inhibitors to Treat Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e010923220643. [PMID: 37680153 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230901144003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is one of the major non-communicable global health hazards of the modern world owing to its amplifying prevalence. Acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase 2 (ACC 2) is one of the most crucial enzymes involved in the manifestation of this disease because of its regulatory role in fatty acid metabolism. OBJECTIVE To find novel potent ACC 2 inhibitors as therapeutic potential leads for combating metabolic syndrome. METHODS In the present study, a two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D QSAR) approach was executed on biologically relevant thiazolyl phenyl ether derivatives as ACC 2 inhibitors for structural optimization. The physiochemical descriptors were calculated and thus a correlation was derived between the observed and predicted activity by the regression equation. The significant descriptors i.e. log P (Whole Molecule) and Number of H-bond Donors (Substituent 1) obtained under study were considered for the design of new compounds and their predicted biological activity was calculated from the regression equation of the developed model. The compounds were further validated by docking studies with the prepared ACC 2 receptor. RESULTS The most promising predicted leads with the absence of an H-bond donor group at the substituted phenyl ether moiety yet increased overall lipophilicity exhibited excellent amino acid binding affinity with the receptor and showed predicted inhibitory activity of 0.0025 μM and 0.0027 μM. The newly designed compounds were checked for their novelty. Lipinski's rule of five was applied to check their druggability and no violation of this rule was observed. CONCLUSION The compounds designed in the present study have tremendous potential to yield orally active ACC 2 inhibitors to treat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtika Madan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Seema Kesar
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Neha Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Mansi Madan
- Medical Department, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342005, India
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Zhang R, Bons J, Scheidemantle G, Liu X, Bielska O, Carrico C, Rose J, Heckenbach I, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Schilling B, Verdin E. Histone malonylation is regulated by SIRT5 and KAT2A. iScience 2023; 26:106193. [PMID: 36879797 PMCID: PMC9985052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The posttranslational modification lysine malonylation is found in many proteins, including histones. However, it remains unclear whether histone malonylation is regulated or functionally relevant. Here, we report that availability of malonyl-co-enzyme A (malonyl-CoA), an endogenous malonyl donor, affects lysine malonylation, and that the deacylase SIRT5 selectively reduces malonylation of histones. To determine if histone malonylation is enzymatically catalyzed, we knocked down each of the 22 lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) to test their malonyltransferase potential. KAT2A knockdown in particular reduced histone malonylation levels. By mass spectrometry, H2B_K5 was highly malonylated and regulated by SIRT5 in mouse brain and liver. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the malonyl-CoA producing enzyme, was partly localized in the nucleolus, and histone malonylation increased nucleolar area and ribosomal RNA expression. Levels of global lysine malonylation and ACC expression were higher in older mouse brains than younger mice. These experiments highlight the role of histone malonylation in ribosomal gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Joanna Bons
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Grace Scheidemantle
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Olga Bielska
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Chris Carrico
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jacob Rose
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Indra Heckenbach
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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Dandan M, Han J, Mann S, Kim R, Li K, Mohammed H, Chuang JC, Zhu K, Billin AN, Huss RS, Chung C, Myers RP, Hellerstein M. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor increases LDL-apoB production rate in NASH with cirrhosis: prevention by fenofibrate. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100339. [PMID: 36737040 PMCID: PMC10017426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACCi) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may increase plasma triglycerides (TGs), with variable changes in apoB concentrations. ACC is rate limiting in de novo lipogenesis and regulates fatty acid oxidation, making it an attractive therapeutic target in NASH. Our objectives were to determine the effects of the ACCi, firsocostat, on production rates of plasma LDL-apoB in NASH and the effects of combined therapy with fenofibrate. Metabolic labeling with heavy water and tandem mass spectrometric analysis of LDL-apoB enrichments was performed in 16 NASH patients treated with firsocostat for 12 weeks and in 29 NASH subjects treated with firsocostat and fenofibrate for 12 weeks. In NASH on firsocostat, plasma TG increased significantly by 17% from baseline to week 12 (P = 0.0056). Significant increases were also observed in LDL-apoB fractional replacement rate (baseline to week 12: 31 ± 20.2 to 46 ± 22.6%/day, P = 0.03) and absolute synthesis rate (ASR) (30.4-45.2 mg/dl/day, P = 0.016) but not plasma apoB concentrations. The effect of firsocostat on LDL-apoB ASR was restricted to patients with cirrhosis (21.0 ± 9.6 at baseline and 44.2 ± 17 mg/dl/day at week 12, P = 0.002, N = 8); noncirrhotic patients did not change (39.8 ± 20.8 and 46.3 ± 14.8 mg/dl/day, respectively, P = 0.51, N = 8). Combination treatment with fenofibrate and firsocostat prevented increases in plasma TG, LDL-apoB fractional replacement rate, and ASR. In summary, in NASH with cirrhosis, ACCi treatment increases LDL-apoB100 production rate and this effect can be prevented by concurrent fenofibrate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Dandan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Julia Han
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina Mann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rachael Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kelvin Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hussein Mohammed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Kaiyi Zhu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, Graduate Program in Metabolic Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Lin MC, Peng ZY, Chou HC, Tsai YT, Wei YS, Wang YS, Wang YL, Chang SJ, Chan HL. Fecal Protein Analysis of Dusp6 Knockout C57BL/6J Mice by Metaproteomics. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04336-w. [PMID: 36689162 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The research of obesity and gut microbiota has been carried out for years, yet the study process was in a slow pace for several challenges to conquer. As a complex status of disorder, the contributing factors refer to gut microbiota about obesity were controversial in a wide range. In terms of proteomics, 2D-DIGE technology is a powerful method for this study to identify fecal proteins from lean microbiota in Dusp6 knockout C57BL/6J mice, exploring the protein markers of the ability resisting to diet-induced obesity (DIO) transferred to the host mice after fecal microbiota transplantation. The results showed that the fecal microbiota expressed 289 proteins differentially with 23 proteins identified, which were considered to be the reasons to assist the microbiota exhibiting distinct behavior. By means of proteomics technology, we had found that differentially expressed proteins of lean microbiota determined the lean microbial behavior might be able to resist leaky gut. To sum up our study, the proteomics strategies offered as a tool to demonstrate and analyze the features of lean microbiota, providing new speculations in the behavior about the gut microbiota reacting to DIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yun Peng
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chuan Chou
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Wei
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiuan Wang
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Lih Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, and Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jyh Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Chan
- Department of Medical Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, No.101, Kuang-Fu Rd. Sec.2, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC) Inhibitor, CP640186, Effectively Inhibited Dengue Virus (DENV) Infection via Regulating ACC Phosphorylation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238583. [PMID: 36500675 PMCID: PMC9739643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease and is caused by the dengue virus (DENV). There is still a lack of efficient drugs against DENV infection, so it is urgent to develop new inhibitors for future clinical use. Our previous research indicated the role of VEGFR2/AMPK in regulating cellular metabolism during DENV infection, while acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is located downstream of AMPK and plays a crucial role in mediating cellular lipid synthesis; therefore, we speculated that an ACC inhibitor could serve as an antiviral agent against DENV. Luckily, we found that CP640186, a reported noncompetitive ACC inhibitor, significantly inhibited DENV proliferation, and CP640186 clearly reduced DENV2 proliferation at an early stage with an EC50 of 0.50 μM. A mechanism study indicated that CP640186 inhibited ACC activation and destroyed the cellular lipid environment for viral proliferation. In the DENV2 infection mice model, oral CP640186 administration (10 mg/kg/day) significantly improved the mice survival rate after DENV2 infection. In summary, our research suggests that lipid synthesis plays an important role during DENV2 proliferation and indicates that CP640186 is a promising drug candidate against DNEV2 in the future.
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10
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Cheng C, Liu XH, He J, Gao J, Zhou JT, Fan JN, Jin X, Zhang J, Chang L, Xiong Z, Yu J, Li S, Li X. Apolipoprotein A4 Restricts Diet-induced Hepatic Steatosis via SREBF1-mediated Lipogenesis and Enhances IRS-PI3K-Akt Signaling. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101034. [PMID: 35909347 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance (IR) are risk factors for many metabolic syndromes such as NAFLD and T2DM. ApoA4 improves glucose hemostasis by increasing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose uptake via PI3K-Akt activation in adipocytes. However, whether ApoA4 has an effect on hepatic steatosis or IR remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoA4-knockout (KO) aggravates diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and IR in mice promoted by increased hepatic lipogenesis gene expression based on RNA-seq data. Conversely, liver-specific overexpression of ApoA4 via AAV-ApoA4 transduction reverses the effect in ApoA4-KO mice, accompanied by suppressed hepatic lipogenesis, increased lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation. Short-term treatment with recombinant ApoA4 protein improves glucose clearance and liver insulin sensitivity, and reduces hepatic lipogenesis gene expression in the absence of insulin. Moreover, in primary hepatocytes and a hepatic cell line, ApoA4 improves hepatic glucose uptake via IRS-PI3K-Akt signaling and decreases fat deposition and hepatic lipogenesis gene expression by inhibiting SREBF1 activity. CONCLUSION ApoA4 restricts hepatic steatosis by inhibiting SREBF1-mediated lipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake via IRS-PI3K-Akt signaling in the liver. These findings indicate that ApoA4 may serve as a therapeutic target for obesity-associated NAFLD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, Institute of Digestive Diseases. The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jing He
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jin-Ting Zhou
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jing-Na Fan
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Liao Chang
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Zijun Xiong
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Jun Yu
- OneHealth Technology Company, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Shengbin Li
- Bio-evidence Sciences Academy (BSA), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China.,Key laboratory of Ministry of Public Health for Forensic Sciences, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Precision Medical Institute, Institute of Digestive Diseases. The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Western China Science & Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710100, China
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11
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Diwan B, Gupta P. Key media microsupplements for boosting de novo lipogenesis in an oleaginic yeast isolate. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:95-104. [PMID: 35659719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Present work reports a simple approach of microsupplementing nitrogen starved production media with potential activators of lipogenic enzymes for boosting de novo lipogenesis and demonstrated a 70-117 % rise in lipid content (LC) of yeast isolate Geotrichum candidum NBT-1. A hypothesis was proposed to increase the LC in the isolate at fixed minimum C/N ratio and small molecular activators for 3 key enzymes of lipogenic pathways. ATP citrate lyase, malic enzyme and acetyl CoA-carboxylase were screened in silico. Screened molecules were microsupplemented in nitrogen-starved media for examining the actual influence of their individual and synergistic combination on boosting LC of the isolate, which revealed sodium acetate as a major effector. Acetate in 4 mM concentration, independently and in combination with citric acid and sucrose resulted in a 2-2.2-fold increase in G. candidum LC from 24.8% in control to 49.27% and 53.96%, respectively. A volumetric lipid productivity of 0.0288 g/L/h with appreciable lipid coefficient of 9.77 was achieved in acetate supplemented media. Extracted lipids were 70-90% concentrated in a medium chain fatty acid (MCFA)-caprylic acid (C8:0), which has upsurging nutritional and nutraceutical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batul Diwan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, GE Road, Raipur 492010, India; Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition (CABHN), The University of Transdisciplinary Health Science and Technology Bangalore, Bangalore 560064, India.
| | - Pratima Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, GE Road, Raipur 492010, India.
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12
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Onukwufor JO, Dirksen RT, Wojtovich AP. Iron Dysregulation in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Alzheimer’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040692. [PMID: 35453377 PMCID: PMC9027385 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal dysfunction, and decreased memory and cognitive function. Iron is critical for neuronal activity, neurotransmitter biosynthesis, and energy homeostasis. Iron accumulation occurs in AD and results in neuronal dysfunction through activation of multifactorial mechanisms. Mitochondria generate energy and iron is a key co-factor required for: (1) ATP production by the electron transport chain, (2) heme protein biosynthesis and (3) iron-sulfur cluster formation. Disruptions in iron homeostasis result in mitochondrial dysfunction and energetic failure. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death mediated by uncontrolled accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, is associated with AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. AD pathogenesis is complex with multiple diverse interacting players including Aβ-plaque formation, phosphorylated tau, and redox stress. Unfortunately, clinical trials in AD based on targeting these canonical hallmarks have been largely unsuccessful. Here, we review evidence linking iron dysregulation to AD and the potential for targeting ferroptosis as a therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O. Onukwufor
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.T.D.); (A.P.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Robert T. Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.T.D.); (A.P.W.)
| | - Andrew P. Wojtovich
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (R.T.D.); (A.P.W.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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13
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Ali I, Khan A, Fa Z, Khan T, Wei DQ, Zheng J. Crystal structure of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AccB) from Streptomyces antibioticus and insights into the substrate-binding through in silico mutagenesis and biophysical investigations. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105439. [PMID: 35344865 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is crucial for polyketides biosynthesis and acts as an essential metabolic checkpoint. It is also an attractive drug target against obesity, cancer, microbial infections, and diabetes. However, the lack of knowledge, particularly sequence-structure function relationship to narrate ligand-enzyme binding, has hindered the progress of ACC-specific therapeutics and unnatural "natural" polyketides. Structural characterization of such enzymes will boost the opportunity to understand the substrate binding, designing new inhibitors and information regarding the molecular rules which control the substrate specificity of ACCs. To understand the substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of AccB (Carboxyl-transferase, CT) from Streptomyces antibioticus with a resolution of 2.3 Å and molecular modeling approaches were employed to unveil the molecular mechanism of acetyl-CoA recognition and processing. The CT domain of S. antibioticus shares a similar structural organization with the previous structures and the two steps reaction was confirmed by enzymatic assay. Furthermore, to reveal the key hotspots required for the substrate recognition and processing, in silico mutagenesis validated only three key residues (V223, Q346, and Q514) that help in the fixation of the substrate. Moreover, we also presented atomic level knowledge on the mechanism of the substrate binding, which unveiled the terminal loop (500-514) function as an opening and closing switch and pushes the substrate inside the cavity for stable binding. A significant decline in the hydrogen bonding half-life was observed upon the alanine substitution. Consequently, the presented structural data highlighted the potential key interacting residues for substrate recognition and will also help to re-design ACCs active site for proficient substrate specificity to produce diverse polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Zhang Fa
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, PR China; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nashan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Jianting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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14
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Wang S, Sheng F, Zou L, Xiao J, Li P. Hyperoside attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via cholesterol metabolism and bile acid metabolism. J Adv Res 2022; 34:109-122. [PMID: 35024184 PMCID: PMC8655136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from increased hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) accumulation. In our previous study, we found that rats treated with hyperoside became resistant to hepatic lipid accumulation. Objectives The present study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms responsible for the inhibitory effects of hyperoside on the lipid accumulation in the liver tissues of the NAFLD rats. Methods Label-free proteomics and metabolomics targeting at bile acid (BA) metabolism were applied to disclose the mechanisms for hyperoside reducing hepatic lipid accumulation among the NAFLD rats. Results In response to hyperoside treatment, several proteins related to the fatty acid degradation pathway, cholesterol metabolism pathway, and bile secretion pathway were altered, including ECI1, Acnat2, ApoE, and BSEP, etc. The expression of nuclear receptors (NRs), including farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver X receptor α (LXRα), were increased in hyperoside-treated rats' liver tissue, accompanied by decreased protein expression of catalyzing enzymes in the hepatic de novo lipogenesis and increased protein level of enzymes in the classical and alternative BA synthetic pathway. Liver conjugated BAs were less toxic and more hydrophilic than unconjugated BAs. The BA-targeted metabolomics suggest that hyperoside could decrease the levels of liver unconjugated BAs and increase the levels of liver conjugated BAs. Conclusions Taken together, the results suggest that hyperoside could improve the condition of NAFLD by regulating the cholesterol metabolism as well as BAs metabolism and excretion. These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms by which hyperoside lowers the cholesterol and triglyceride in NAFLD rats.
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Key Words
- ACC, Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Apo, apolipoprotein
- BAs, bile acids
- BSH, bile salt hydrolase
- Bile acid metabolism
- CYP27A1, sterol 27-hydroxylase
- CYP7A1, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
- Cholesterol metabolism
- FGF15/19, fibroblast growth factor 15/19
- FXR, farnesoid X receptor
- Hyperoside
- LC-MS, the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry
- LXRα, liver X receptor α
- Label-free proteomics
- NAFLD
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- QC, quality control
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- SHP, small heterodimer partner
- SREBP1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- SREBP2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
- SREBPs, sterol regulatory element binding proteins
- TC, total cholesterol
- TG, triglyceride
- TGR5, Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5
- Targeted metabolomics
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- WB, Western blot
- pACC, phosphorylated ACC
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Feiya Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
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15
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Pereira H, Azevedo F, Domingues L, Johansson B. Expression of Yarrowia lipolytica acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its effect on in-vivo accumulation of Malonyl-CoA. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:779-787. [PMID: 36284710 PMCID: PMC9582701 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel S. cerevisiae strain with tetracycline repressible ACC1 promoter. Functional expression of Y. lipolytica ACC1 in S. cerevisiae. Higher malonyl-CoA concentration achieved with Y. lipolytica ACC1 gene. S. cerevisiae Acc1p seems to interact with the heterologous Y. lipolytica Acc1p.
Malonyl-CoA is an energy-rich molecule formed by the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl coenzyme A catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase. This molecule is an important precursor for many biotechnologically interesting compounds such as flavonoids, polyketides, and fatty acids. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains one of the preferred cell factories, but has a limited capacity to produce malonyl-CoA compared to oleaginous organisms. We developed a new S. cerevisiae strain with a conditional allele of ACC1, the essential acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) gene, as a tool to test heterologous genes for complementation. Yarrowia lipolytica is an oleaginous yeast with a higher capacity for lipid production than S. cerevisiae, possibly due to a higher capacity to produce malonyl-CoA. Measuring relative intracellular malonyl-CoA levels with an in-vivo biosensor confirmed that expression of Y. lipolytica ACC in S. cerevisiae leads to a higher accumulation of malonyl-CoA compared with overexpression of the native gene from an otherwise identical vector. The higher accumulation was generally accompanied by a decreased growth rate. Concomitant expression of both the homologous and heterologous ACC1 genes eliminated the growth defect, with a marginal reduction of malonyl-CoA accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto Pereira
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering
| | - Flávio Azevedo
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Björn Johansson
- CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology Engineering
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Farfan-Morales CN, Cordero-Rivera CD, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Hurtado-Monzón AM, Osuna-Ramos JF, González-González AM, De Jesús-González LA, Palacios-Rápalo SN, Del Ángel RM. Anti-flavivirus Properties of Lipid-Lowering Drugs. Front Physiol 2021; 12:749770. [PMID: 34690817 PMCID: PMC8529048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV) and zika (ZIKV) virus are important human pathogens, an effective vaccine or antiviral treatment against them is not available. Hence, the search for new strategies to control flavivirus infections is essential. Several studies have shown that the host lipid metabolism could be an antiviral target because cholesterol and other lipids are required during the replicative cycle of different Flaviviridae family members. FDA-approved drugs with hypolipidemic effects could be an alternative for treating flavivirus infections. However, a better understanding of the regulation between host lipid metabolism and signaling pathways triggered during these infections is required. The metabolic pathways related to lipid metabolism modified during DENV and ZIKV infection are analyzed in this review. Additionally, the role of lipid-lowering drugs as safe host-targeted antivirals is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines," Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Heroica Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Arianna M Hurtado-Monzón
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arely M González-González
- Laboratorio de Ingeniería Tisular y Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selvin Noé Palacios-Rápalo
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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ARTP Mutagenesis of Schizochytrium sp. PKU#Mn4 and Clethodim-Based Mutant Screening for Enhanced Docosahexaenoic Acid Accumulation. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100564. [PMID: 34677463 PMCID: PMC8539320 DOI: 10.3390/md19100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizochytrium species are one of the best oleaginous thraustochytrids for high-yield production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6). However, the DHA yields from most wild-type (WT) strains of Schizochytrium are unsatisfactory for large-scale production. In this study, we applied the atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) tool to obtain the mutant library of a previously isolated strain of Schizochytrium (i.e., PKU#Mn4). Two rounds of ARTP mutagenesis coupled with the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor (clethodim)-based screening yielded the mutant A78 that not only displayed better growth, glucose uptake and ACCase activity, but also increased (54.1%) DHA content than that of the WT strain. Subsequent optimization of medium components and supplementation improved the DHA content by 75.5 and 37.2%, respectively, compared with that of mutant A78 cultivated in the unoptimized medium. Interestingly, the ACCase activity of mutant A78 in a medium supplemented with biotin, citric acid or sodium citrate was significantly greater than that in a medium without supplementation. This study provides an effective bioengineering approach for improving the DHA accumulation in oleaginous microbes.
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18
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Li H, Li X, Yu S, Hu Y, Xu L, Wang T, Yang X, Sun X, Zhao B. miR-23b Ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by targeting Acyl-CoA thioesterases 4. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112787. [PMID: 34450119 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more advanced stages, Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and Cirrhosis, are the most common liver diseases in the worldwide, especially in developing countries. NAFLD is distinguished by the accumulation of triglycerides within hepatocytes. An increasing body of evidence suggests that hepatic MicroRNAs play an important role in NAFLD by controlling lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, the precise causative functions of miRNA in NAFLD remain unknown. Here, we discovered that mice lacking MicroRNA-23b developed NAFLD-like phenotypes such as increased serum triglyceride and lipid droplet accumulation. In db/db mice fed a high fat diet, MicroRNA-23b overexpression reduced liver weight and alleviated liver inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis. MicroRNA-23b regulates the acyl-CoA metabolic process via Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 (Acot4), which interacts with Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), according to the RNA-seq analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Li
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China; Blood Transfusion Department, Jilin Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hopital, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Yanling Hu
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Licheng Xu
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Tianhe Wang
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Changchun Nanguan District Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Changchun, 13022, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Endocrine Department, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China.
| | - Binghai Zhao
- Nephrosis Precision Medicine Innovation Center, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin, 132011, China.
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19
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Liefwalker DF, Ryan M, Wang Z, Pathak KV, Plaisier S, Shah V, Babra B, Dewson GS, Lai IK, Mosley AR, Fueger PT, Casey SC, Jiang L, Pirrotte P, Swaminathan S, Sears RC. Metabolic convergence on lipogenesis in RAS, BCR-ABL, and MYC-driven lymphoid malignancies. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:31. [PMID: 34399819 PMCID: PMC8369789 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a central feature in many cancer subtypes and a hallmark of cancer. Many therapeutic strategies attempt to exploit this feature, often having unintended side effects on normal metabolic programs and limited efficacy due to integrative nature of metabolic substrate sourcing. Although the initiating oncogenic lesion may vary, tumor cells in lymphoid malignancies often share similar environments and potentially similar metabolic profiles. We examined cells from mouse models of MYC-, RAS-, and BCR-ABL-driven lymphoid malignancies and find a convergence on de novo lipogenesis. We explore the potential role of MYC in mediating lipogenesis by 13C glucose tracing and untargeted metabolic profiling. Inhibition of lipogenesis leads to cell death both in vitro and in vivo and does not induce cell death of normal splenocytes. METHODS We analyzed RNA-seq data sets for common metabolic convergence in lymphoma and leukemia. Using in vitro cell lines derived in from conditional MYC, RAS, and BCR-ABL transgenic murine models and oncogene-driven human cell lines, we determined gene regulation, metabolic profiles, and sensitivity to inhibition of lipogenesis in lymphoid malignancies. We utilize preclinical murine models and transgenic primary model of T-ALL to determine the effect of lipogenesis blockade across BCR-ABL-, RAS-, and c-MYC-driven lymphoid malignancies. Statistical significance was calculated using unpaired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS This study illustrates that de novo lipid biogenesis is a shared feature of several lymphoma subtypes. Using cell lines derived from conditional MYC, RAS, and BCR-ABL transgenic murine models, we demonstrate shared responses to inhibition of lipogenesis by the acetyl-coA carboxylase inhibitor 5-(tetradecloxy)-2-furic acid (TOFA), and other lipogenesis inhibitors. We performed metabolic tracing studies to confirm the influence of c-MYC and TOFA on lipogenesis. We identify specific cell death responses to TOFA in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate delayed engraftment and progression in vivo in transplanted lymphoma cell lines. We also observe delayed progression of T-ALL in a primary transgenic mouse model upon TOFA administration. In a panel of human cell lines, we demonstrate sensitivity to TOFA treatment as a metabolic liability due to the general convergence on de novo lipogenesis in lymphoid malignancies driven by MYC, RAS, or BCR-ABL. Importantly, cell death was not significantly observed in non-malignant cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that de novo lipogenesis may be a common survival strategy for many lymphoid malignancies and may be a clinically exploitable metabolic liability. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study does not include any clinical interventions on human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Liefwalker
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Meital Ryan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Khyatiben V Pathak
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Seema Plaisier
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Vidhi Shah
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Bobby Babra
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Dewson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ian K Lai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adriane R Mosley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Patrick T Fueger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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20
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Jia L, Gao S, Zhang YY, Zhao LX, Fu Y, Ye F. Fragmenlt Recombination Design, Synthesis, and Safener Activity of Novel Ester-Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8366-8379. [PMID: 34310139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (FE), a type of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor, has been extensively applied to a variety of crop plants. It can cause damage to wheat (Triticum aestivum) even resulting in the death of the crop. On the prerequisite of not reducing herbicidal efficiency on target weed species, herbicide safeners selectively protect crops from herbicide injury. Based on fragment splicing, a series of novel substituted pyrazole derivatives was designed to ultimately address the phytotoxicity to wheat caused by FE. The title compounds were synthesized in a one-pot way and characterized via infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The bioactivity assay proved that the FE phytotoxicity to wheat could be reduced by most of the title compounds. The molecular docking model indicated that compound IV-21 prevented fenoxaprop acid (FA) from reaching or acting with ACCase. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity predictions demonstrated that compound IV-21 exhibited superior pharmacokinetic properties to the commercialized safener mefenpyr-diethyl. The current work revealed that a series of newly substituted pyrazole derivatives presented strong herbicide safener activity in wheat. This may serve as a potential candidate structure to contribute to the further protection of wheat from herbicide injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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21
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Ruigrok SR, Stöberl N, Yam KY, de Lucia C, Lucassen PJ, Thuret S, Korosi A. Modulation of the Hypothalamic Nutrient Sensing Pathways by Sex and Early-Life Stress. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:695367. [PMID: 34366778 PMCID: PMC8342927 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are sex differences in metabolic disease risk, and early-life stress (ES) increases the risk to develop such diseases, potentially in a sex-specific manner. It remains to be understood, however, how sex and ES affect such metabolic vulnerability. The hypothalamus regulates food intake and energy expenditure by sensing the organism's energy state via metabolic hormones (leptin, insulin, ghrelin) and nutrients (glucose, fatty acids). Here, we investigated if and how sex and ES alter hypothalamic nutrient sensing short and long-term. ES was induced in mice by limiting the bedding and nesting material from postnatal day (P)2-P9, and the expression of genes critical for hypothalamic nutrient sensing were studied in male and female offspring, both at P9 and in adulthood (P180). At P9, we observed a sex difference in both Ppargc1a and Lepr expression, while the latter was also increased in ES-exposed animals relative to controls. In adulthood, we found sex differences in Acacb, Agrp, and Npy expression, whereas ES did not affect the expression of genes involved in hypothalamic nutrient sensing. Thus, we observe a pervasive sex difference in nutrient sensing pathways and a targeted modulation of this pathway by ES early in life. Future research is needed to address if the modulation of these pathways by sex and ES is involved in the differential vulnerability to metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvie R. Ruigrok
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nina Stöberl
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kit-Yi Yam
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chiara de Lucia
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J. Lucassen
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Wu HX, Li L, Zhang H, Tang J, Zhang MB, Tang HN, Guo Y, Zhou ZG, Zhou HD. Accurate diagnosis and heterogeneity analysis of a 17q12 deletion syndrome family with adulthood diabetes onset and complex clinical phenotypes. Endocrine 2021; 73:37-46. [PMID: 33745123 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 17q12 Deletion Syndrome is heterogeneous and the reasons remain unclear. We clarified the clinical characteristics of adulthood diabetes onset 17q12 deletion syndrome and investigated the unclear phenotype-genotype correlation. METHODS We collected the clinical history and laboratory results of a family with autosomal dominant inheritance diabetes and renopathy. Sanger sequencing of HNF1B and a panel of monogenic diabetic genes were performed to identify the monogenetic diabetes. Semiquantitative PCR and Chromosome 100 K sequence analysis were performed to analyze the copy numbers variation of diabetes related genes. Allelic specific quantitative PCR were used for TBC1D3 and paralogues diagnosis. The reported cases were reviewed and assessed to compare with patients in this study. RESULTS Differential variants in genomic DNA and clinical presentations among family members were explored to determine the probable phenotype-genotypes correlation. The four patients were diagnosed with 17q12 deletion syndrome with 1.47-1.76 Mb heterogeneous deletion, which led to the haploinsufficiency of HNF1B, ACACA, LHX1, PIGW, miRNA2909 and other genes. The patients had different amount of genes deletion in TBC1D3 and paralogues, which might associate with the heterogeneous clinical phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We first reported an adulthood diabetes onset 17q12 deletion syndrome family with the largest number of patients. The heterogeneous clinical phenotypes might be related to the haploinsufficiency of TBC1D3 and its paralogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xuan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Long Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Mei-Biao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, 418000, Hunan, China
| | - Hao-Neng Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory For Metabolic Bone Diseases, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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23
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Wu X, Yu Y, Huang T. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-phenoxy-phenyl isoxazoles as novel acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1236-1247. [PMID: 34100310 PMCID: PMC8205039 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1936514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a crucial enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, which plays a major role in the occurrence and development of certain tumours. Herein, one potential ACC inhibitor (6a) was identified through high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS), and a series of 4-phenoxy-phenyl isoxazoles were synthesised for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Among these compounds, 6g exhibited the most potent ACC inhibitory activity (IC50=99.8 nM), which was comparable to that of CP-640186. Moreover, the antiproliferation assay revealed that compound 6l exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity, with IC50 values of 0.22 µM (A549), 0.26 µM (HepG2), and 0.21 µM (MDA-MB-231), respectively. The preliminary mechanistic studies on 6g and 6l suggested that the compounds decreased the malonyl-CoA levels, arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Overall, these results indicated that the 4-phenoxy-phenyl isoxazoles are potential for further study in cancer therapeutics as ACC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tonghui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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24
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Plasma Carboxyl-Metabolome Is Associated with Average Daily Gain Divergence in Beef Steers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010067. [PMID: 33401431 PMCID: PMC7824440 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We applied an untargeted metabolomics technique to analyze the plasma carboxyl-metabolome of beef steers with divergent average daily gain (ADG). Forty-eight newly weaned Angus crossbred beef steers were fed the same total mixed ration ad libitum for 42 days. On day 42, the steers were divided into two groups of lowest (LF: n = 8) and highest ADG (HF: n = 8), and blood samples were obtained from the two groups for plasma preparation. Relative quantification of carboxylic-acid-containing metabolites in the plasma samples was determined using a metabolomics technique based on chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Metabolites that differed (fold change (FC) ≥ 1.2 or ≤ 0.83 and FDR ≤ 0.05) between LF and HF were identified using a volcano plot. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) of the differential metabolites was done to determine the metabolic pathways or enzymes that were potentially altered. In total, 328 metabolites were identified. Volcano plot analysis revealed 43 differentially abundant metabolites; several short chain fatty acids and ketone bodies had greater abundance in HF steers. Conversely, several long chain fatty acids were greater in LF steers. Five enzymatic pathways, such as fatty acyl CoA elongation and fatty-acid CoA ligase were altered based on MSEA. This study demonstrated that beef steers with divergent ADG had altered plasma carboxyl-metabolome, which is possibly caused by altered abundances and/or activities of enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis in the liver.
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25
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Fatty acid synthesis and cancer: Aberrant expression of the ACACA and ACACB genes increases the risk for cancer. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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26
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Kelly KL, Reagan WJ, Sonnenberg GE, Clasquin M, Hales K, Asano S, Amor PA, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Shirai N, Matthews MD, Li KW, Hellerstein MK, Vera NB, Ross TT, Cappon G, Bergman A, Buckeridge C, Sun Z, Qejvanaj EZ, Schmahai T, Beebe D, Pfefferkorn JA, Esler WP. De novo lipogenesis is essential for platelet production in humans. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1163-1178. [PMID: 32929234 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyses the first step of de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Pharmacologic inhibition of ACC has been of interest for therapeutic intervention in a wide range of diseases. We demonstrate here that ACC and DNL are essential for platelet production in humans and monkeys, but in not rodents or dogs. During clinical evaluation of a systemically distributed ACC inhibitor, unexpected dose-dependent reductions in platelet count were observed. While platelet count reductions were not observed in rat and dog toxicology studies, subsequent studies in cynomolgus monkeys recapitulated these platelet count reductions with a similar concentration response to that in humans. These studies, along with ex vivo human megakaryocyte maturation studies, demonstrate that platelet lowering is a consequence of DNL inhibition likely to result in impaired megakaryocyte demarcation membrane formation. These observations demonstrate that while DNL is a minor quantitative contributor to global lipid balance in humans, DNL is essential to specific lipid pools of physiological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Kelly
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William J Reagan
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Gabriele E Sonnenberg
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Clasquin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Hales
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shoh Asano
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul A Amor
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Norimitsu Shirai
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Marcy D Matthews
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kelvin W Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas B Vera
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregg Cappon
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Arthur Bergman
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clare Buckeridge
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Sun
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Enida Ziso Qejvanaj
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - David Beebe
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William P Esler
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Guest M, Kriek N, Flemming AJ. Studies of an insecticidal inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the nematode C. elegans. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104604. [PMID: 32828380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the mode of action of the insecticide spirotetramat in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A combination of symptomology, forward genetics and genome editing show that spirotetramat acts on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in C. elegans, as it does in insects. We found C. elegans embryos exposed to spirotetramat show a cell division defect which closely resembles the phenotype of loss-of-function mutations in the gene pod-2, which encodes ACC. We then identified two mutations in the carboxyl transferase domain of pod-2 (ACC) which confer resistance and were confirmed using CRISPR/Cas9. One of these mutations substitutes an invertebrate-specific amino acid with one ubiquitous in other taxa; this residue may, therefore, be a determinant of the selectivity of spirotetramat for invertebrates. Such a mutation may also be the target of selection for resistance in the field. Our study is a further demonstration of the utility of C. elegans in studying bioactive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guest
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - N Kriek
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - A J Flemming
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK.
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Gu S, Song X, Xie R, Ouyang C, Xie L, Li Q, Su T, Xu M, Xu T, Huang D, Liang B. Berberine inhibits cancer cells growth by suppressing fatty acid synthesis and biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Life Sci 2020; 257:118122. [PMID: 32702446 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root, rhizome and stem bark of Coptidis Rhizoma. Previous studies have revealed the anti-tumor potential of berberine against various types of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, we focused on the effects of berberine on fatty acid synthesis and extracellular vesicles formation in cancer cells, and revealed the internal mechanism of berberine inhibition on cancer cell proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-proliferative activity of berberine was determined by cell counting and microscope observation and cell cycle analysis. Activities of AMPK and ACC, expression of extracellular vesicles markers were detected by western blotting. 13C labeling metabolic flux analysis was used for determination of de novo synthesis of fatty acids. The excreted extracellular vesicles in culture mediums were separated by both polyethylene glycol enrichment of extracellular vesicles and differential centrifugation separation. KEY FINDINGS Among our early experiments, 5-10 μmol/L berberine exhibited the substantial anti-proliferative effect against human colon cancer cell line HCT116, cervical cancer cell line HeLa and other cancer cells. It was also revealed that, through activating AMPK, berberine inhibited ACC activity then suppressed intracellular fatty acid synthesis, finally decreased the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Moreover, supplement with citrate acid, palmitic acid, as well as exogenous extracellular vesicles, could rescue the inhibitory effect of berberine on cell proliferation, suggesting that inhibited ACC activity, suppressed fatty acid synthesis and decreased extracellular vesicles production were important mechanisms account for berberine inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE Our study indicates that berberine suppresses cancer cell proliferation through inhibiting the synthesis of fatty acids and decreasing biogenesis and secretion of extracellular vesicles, suggests that berberine is a promising candidate for the development of new therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songgang Gu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Minimally Invasive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China; Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuhong Song
- Center for Cancer Research, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Rufei Xie
- Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Ouyang
- Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingzhu Xie
- Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China; Biomedical Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Qidong Li
- Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Su
- Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Xu
- Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Xu
- Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongyang Huang
- Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China.
| | - Bin Liang
- Section of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China; Biomedical Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China.
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Schmidt W, Madan A, Foster DB, Cammarato A. Lysine acetylation of F-actin decreases tropomyosin-based inhibition of actomyosin activity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15527-15539. [PMID: 32873710 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent proteomics studies of vertebrate striated muscle have identified lysine acetylation at several sites on actin. Acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification that neutralizes lysine's positive charge. Positively charged residues on actin, particularly Lys326 and Lys328, are predicted to form critical electrostatic interactions with tropomyosin (Tpm) that promote its binding to filamentous (F)-actin and bias Tpm to an azimuthal location where it impedes myosin attachment. The troponin (Tn) complex also influences Tpm's position along F-actin as a function of Ca2+ to regulate exposure of myosin-binding sites and, thus, myosin cross-bridge recruitment and force production. Interestingly, Lys326 and Lys328 are among the documented acetylated residues. Using an acetic anhydride-based labeling approach, we showed that excessive, nonspecific actin acetylation did not disrupt characteristic F-actin-Tpm binding. However, it significantly reduced Tpm-mediated inhibition of myosin attachment, as reflected by increased F-actin-Tpm motility that persisted in the presence of Tn and submaximal Ca2+ Furthermore, decreasing the extent of chemical acetylation, to presumptively target highly reactive Lys326 and Lys328, also resulted in less inhibited F-actin-Tpm, implying that modifying only these residues influences Tpm's location and, potentially, thin filament regulation. To unequivocally determine the residue-specific consequences of acetylation on Tn-Tpm-based regulation of actomyosin activity, we assessed the effects of K326Q and K328Q acetyl (Ac)-mimetic actin on Ca2+-dependent, in vitro motility parameters of reconstituted thin filaments (RTFs). Incorporation of K328Q actin significantly enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity of RTF activation relative to control. Together, our findings suggest that actin acetylation, especially Lys328, modulates muscle contraction via disrupting inhibitory Tpm positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aditi Madan
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Brian Foster
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Cammarato
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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30
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Yoon H, Spinelli JB, Zaganjor E, Wong SJ, German NJ, Randall EC, Dean A, Clermont A, Paulo JA, Garcia D, Li H, Rombold O, Agar NYR, Goodyear LJ, Shaw RJ, Gygi SP, Auwerx J, Haigis MC. PHD3 Loss Promotes Exercise Capacity and Fat Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle. Cell Metab 2020; 32:215-228.e7. [PMID: 32663458 PMCID: PMC8065255 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rapid alterations in cellular metabolism allow tissues to maintain homeostasis during changes in energy availability. The central metabolic regulator acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) is robustly phosphorylated during cellular energy stress by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to relieve its suppression of fat oxidation. While ACC2 can also be hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3), the physiological consequence thereof is poorly understood. We find that ACC2 phosphorylation and hydroxylation occur in an inverse fashion. ACC2 hydroxylation occurs in conditions of high energy and represses fatty acid oxidation. PHD3-null mice demonstrate loss of ACC2 hydroxylation in heart and skeletal muscle and display elevated fatty acid oxidation. Whole body or skeletal muscle-specific PHD3 loss enhances exercise capacity during an endurance exercise challenge. In sum, these data identify an unexpected link between AMPK and PHD3, and a role for PHD3 in acute exercise endurance capacity and skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica B Spinelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha J Wong
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie J German
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Randall
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Afsah Dean
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allen Clermont
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Garcia
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Rombold
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurosurgery and Cancer Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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31
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Esler WP, Tesz GJ, Hellerstein MK, Beysen C, Sivamani R, Turner SM, Watkins SM, Amor PA, Carvajal-Gonzalez S, Geoly FJ, Biddle KE, Purkal JJ, Fitch M, Buckeridge C, Silvia AM, Griffith DA, Gorgoglione M, Hassoun L, Bosanac SS, Vera NB, Rolph TP, Pfefferkorn JA, Sonnenberg GE. Human sebum requires de novo lipogenesis, which is increased in acne vulgaris and suppressed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibition. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/492/eaau8465. [PMID: 31092695 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sebum plays important physiological roles in human skin. Excess sebum production contributes to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, and suppression of sebum production reduces acne incidence and severity. We demonstrate that sebum production in humans depends on local flux through the de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway within the sebocyte. About 80 to 85% of sebum palmitate (16:0) and sapienate (16:1n10) were derived from DNL, based on stable isotope labeling, much higher than the contribution of DNL to triglyceride palmitate in circulation (~20%), indicating a minor contribution by nonskin sources to sebum lipids. This dependence on local sebocyte DNL was not recapitulated in two widely used animal models of sebum production, Syrian hamsters and Göttingen minipigs. Confirming the importance of DNL for human sebum production, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, ACCi-1, dose-dependently suppressed DNL and blocked synthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides, and wax esters but not free sterols in human sebocytes in vitro. ACCi-1 dose-dependently suppressed facial sebum excretion by ~50% (placebo adjusted) in human individuals dosed orally for 2 weeks. Sebum triglycerides, wax esters, and free fatty acids were suppressed by ~66%, whereas non-DNL-dependent lipid species, cholesterol, and squalene were not reduced, confirming selective modulation of DNL-dependent lipids. Last, individuals with acne vulgaris exhibited increased sebum production rates relative to individuals with normal skin, with >80% of palmitate and sapienate derived from DNL. These findings highlight the importance of local sebocyte DNL for human skin sebaceous gland biology and illuminate a potentially exploitable therapeutic target for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Esler
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Gregory J Tesz
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc K Hellerstein
- KineMed Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Raja Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | | | | | - Paul A Amor
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Santos Carvajal-Gonzalez
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Frank J Geoly
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Kathleen E Biddle
- Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Julie J Purkal
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mark Fitch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Clare Buckeridge
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Annette M Silvia
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David A Griffith
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew Gorgoglione
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren Hassoun
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | - Suzana S Bosanac
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95816, USA
| | - Nicholas B Vera
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Timothy P Rolph
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gabriele E Sonnenberg
- Cardiovascular, Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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32
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Wei Q, Mei L, Chen P, Yuan X, Zhang H, Zhou J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chroman derivatives as non-selective acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103943. [PMID: 32554277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACCs) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the de no lipogenesis, which play an important role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acid. Recent research reveals that ACCs are tightly relevant to many kinds of metabolic diseases and cancers. In this study, we synthesized a series of chroman derivatives and evaluated their ACCs inhibitory activities, obtaining compound 4s with IC50 value of 98.06 nM and 29.43 nM of binding activities in ACC1 and ACC2, respectively. Compound 4s exhibited the most potent anti-proliferation activity against A549, H1975, HCT116 and H7901 cell lines (values of IC50: 0.578 μΜ, 1.005 μΜ, 0.680 μΜ and 1.406 μΜ, respectively). Docking studies were performed to explain the structure-activity relationships. These results indicate that compound 4s is a promising ACC1/2 inhibitor for the potent treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Liankuo Mei
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xinrui Yuan
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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33
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Goedeke L, Perry RJ, Shulman GI. Emerging Pharmacological Targets for the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 59:65-87. [PMID: 30625285 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia despite hyperinsulinemia, affects more than 400 million people worldwide, and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance, of which ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver [nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)] and skeletal muscle is the root cause, plays a major role in the development of T2D. Although lifestyle interventions and weight loss are highly effective at reversing NAFLD and T2D, weight loss is difficult to sustain, and newer approaches aimed at treating the root cause of T2D are urgently needed. In this review, we highlight emerging pharmacological strategies aimed at improving insulin sensitivity and T2D by altering hepatic energy balance or inhibiting key enzymes involved in hepatic lipid synthesis. We also summarize recent research suggesting that liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupling may be an attractive therapeutic approach to treat NAFLD, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; , ,
| | - Rachel J Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; , , .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; , , .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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34
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Liu T, Gou L, Yan S, Huang T. Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by PP-7a exerts beneficial effects on metabolic dysregulation in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:521-529. [PMID: 32550887 PMCID: PMC7296295 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) is a critical regulator of fatty acid metabolism and represents a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recently, a novel ACC inhibitor, PP-7a, was developed by our group by utilizing a structure-based drug design. In the present study, the pharmacological effects of PP-7a on the metabolic dysregulation in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The inhibitory effect on ACC activities was confirmed by assessing the level of malonyl-CoA, a product synthesized by the catalyzation of ACC. Following 16 weeks of being fed an HFD, the mice were administered PP-7a (15, 45 or 75 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The effects of PP-7a on weight gain, glucose intolerance, hepatic lipid accumulation and the increase of serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFA) in mice were assessed. CP-640186 was used as a positive control drug and administered in the same manner as PP-7a. Chronic administration of PP-7a lowered the malonyl-CoA levels in liver and heart tissues of mice in the HFD group. In addition, HFD-induced weight gain and glucose intolerance were improved by PP-7a treatment in the mice fed the HFD. Furthermore, PP-7a suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and the increase in TG, TC and FFA levels. Taken together, these results suggest that ACC inhibition by PP-7a may have a beneficial effect on metabolic dysregulation in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianya Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Lingshan Gou
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Shirong Yan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
| | - Tonghui Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R. China
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35
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Begovich K, Yelon D, Wilhelm JE. PRPS polymerization influences lens fiber organization in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:1018-1031. [PMID: 32243675 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The self-assembly of metabolic enzymes into filaments or foci highlights an intriguing mechanism for the regulation of metabolic activity. Recently, we identified the conserved polymerization of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase (PRPS), which catalyzes the first step in purine nucleotide synthesis, in yeast and cultured mammalian cells. While previous work has revealed that loss of PRPS activity regulates retinal development in zebrafish, the extent to which PRPS filament formation affects tissue development remains unknown. RESULTS By generating novel alleles in the zebrafish PRPS paralogs, prps1a and prps1b, we gained new insight into the role of PRPS filaments during eye development. We found that mutations in prps1a alone are sufficient to generate abnormally small eyes along with defects in head size, pigmentation, and swim bladder inflation. Furthermore, a loss-of-function mutation that truncates the Prps1a protein resulted in the failure of PRPS filament assembly. Lastly, in mutants that fail to assemble PRPS filaments, we observed disorganization of the actin network in the lens fibers. CONCLUSIONS The truncation of Prps1a blocked PRPS filament formation and resulted in a disorganized lens fiber actin network. Altogether, these findings highlight a potential role for PRPS filaments during lens fiber organization in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Begovich
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - James E Wilhelm
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Summer Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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36
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Gao YS, Qian MY, Wei QQ, Duan XB, Wang SL, Hu HY, Liu J, Pan CY, Zhang SQ, Qi LW, Zhou JP, Zhang HB, Wang LR. WZ66, a novel acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:336-347. [PMID: 31645659 PMCID: PMC7468331 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) increases incredibly. NASH ends up to advanced liver disease, which is highly threatening to human health. Currently, treatment of NASH is very limited. Acetyl-CoA carboxylases (ACC1/ACC2) are proved as effective drug targets for NASH. We aimed to develop novel ACC inhibitors and evaluate their therapeutic value for NASH prevention. ACC inhibitors were obtained through structure-based drug design, synthesized, screened from ACC enzymatic measurement platform and elucidated in cell culture-based assays and animal models. The lipidome and microbiome analysis were integrated to assess the effects of WZ66 on lipids profiles in liver and plasma as well as gut microbiota in the intestine. WZ66 was identified as a novel ACC1/2 inhibitor. It entered systemic circulation rapidly and could accumulate in liver. WZ66 alleviated NASH-related liver features including steatosis, Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells activation in diet-induced obese mice. The triglycerides (TGs) and other lipids including diglycerides (DGs), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) were decreased in WZ66-treated mice as evidenced by lipidome analysis in livers. The lipids profiles in plasma were also altered with WZ66 treatment. Plasma TG were moderately increased, while the activation of SREBP1c was not detected. WZ66 also downregulated the abundance of Allobaculum, Mucispirillum and Prevotella genera as well as Mucispirillum schaedleri species in gut microbiota. WZ66 is an ideal lead compound and a potential drug candidate deserving further investigation in the therapeutics of NASH.
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37
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Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Metabolic Pathways Affected by Babesia Infection and Blood Feeding in the Sialoproteome of the Vector Rhipicephalus bursa. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010091. [PMID: 32092882 PMCID: PMC7157752 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The negative impact of ticks and tick-borne diseases on animals and human health is driving research to discover novel targets affecting both vectors and pathogens. The salivary glands are involved in feeding and pathogen transmission, thus are considered as a compelling target to focus research. In this study, proteomics approach was used to characterize Rhipicephalusbursa sialoproteome in response to Babesiaovis infection and blood feeding. Two potential tick protective antigens were identified and its influence in tick biological parameters and pathogen infection was evaluated. Results demonstrate that the R. bursa sialoproteome is highly affected by feeding but infection is well tolerated by tick cells. The combination of both stimuli shifts the previous scenario and a more evident pathogen manipulation can be suggested. Knockdown of ub2n led to a significative increase of infection in tick salivary glands but a brusque decrease in the progeny, revealing its importance in the cellular response to pathogen infection, which is worth pursuing in future studies. Additionally, an impact in the recovery rate of adults (62%), the egg production efficiency (45.75%), and the hatching rate (88.57 %) was detected. Building knowledge on vector and/or pathogen interplay bridges the identification of protective antigens and the development of novel control strategies.
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38
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Recent development in acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors and their potential as novel drugs. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:533-561. [PMID: 32048880 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a critical enzyme in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, has emerged as an attractive target for a plethora of emerging diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, bacterial infections and so on. With decades of efforts in medicinal chemistry, significant progress has been made toward the design and discovery of a considerable number of inhibitors of this enzyme. In this review, we not only clarify the role of ACC in emerging diseases, but also summarize recent developments of potent ACC inhibitors and discuss their molecular mechanisms of action and potentials as novel drugs as well as future perspectives toward the design and discovery of novel ACC inhibitors.
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39
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Schubert M, Becher S, Wallert M, Maeß MB, Abhari M, Rennert K, Mosig AS, Große S, Heller R, Grün M, Lorkowski S. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)- γ Antagonist 2-Chloro-5-Nitro-N-Phenylbenzamide (GW9662) Triggers Perilipin 2 Expression via PPAR δ and Induces Lipogenesis and Triglyceride Accumulation in Human THP-1 Macrophages. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:212-225. [PMID: 31871304 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor family, playing pivotal roles in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism as well as inflammation. While characterizing potential PPARγ ligand activity of natural compounds in macrophages, we investigated their influence on the expression of adipophilin [perilipin 2 (PLIN2)], a well-known PPARγ target. To confirm that a compound regulates PLIN2 expression via PPARγ, we performed experiments using the widely used PPARγ antagonist 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide (GW9662). Surprisingly, instead of blocking upregulation of PLIN2 expression in THP-1 macrophages, expression was concentration-dependently induced by GW9662 at concentrations and under conditions commonly used. We found that this unexpected upregulation occurs in many human and murine macrophage cell models and also primary cells. Profiling expression of PPAR target genes showed upregulation of several genes involved in lipid uptake, transport, and storage as well as fatty acid synthesis by GW9662. In line with this and with upregulation of PLIN2 protein, GW9662 elevated lipogenesis and increased triglyceride levels. Finally, we identified PPARδ as a mediator of the substantial unexpected effects of GW9662. Our findings show that: 1) the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 unexpectedly activates PPARδ-mediated signaling in macrophages, 2) GW9662 significantly affects lipid metabolism in macrophages, 3) careful validation of experimental conditions and results is required for experiments involving GW9662, and 4) published studies in a context comparable to this work may have reported erroneous results if PPARγ independence was demonstrated using GW9662 only. In light of our findings, certain existing studies might require reinterpretation regarding the role of PPARγ SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are targets for the treatment of various diseases, as they are key regulators of inflammation as well as lipid and glucose metabolism. Hence, reliable tools to characterize the molecular effects of PPARs are indispensable. We describe profound and unexpected off-target effects of the PPARγ antagonist 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide (GW9662) involving PPARδ and in turn affecting macrophage lipid metabolism. Our results question certain existing studies using GW9662 and make better experimental design of future studies necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schubert
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Stefanie Becher
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Marten B Maeß
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Masoumeh Abhari
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Knut Rennert
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Silke Große
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Regine Heller
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Michael Grün
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (M.S., S.B., M.W., M.B.M., M.A., M.G., S.L.); Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany (M.S., M.W., M.G., S.L.); Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (K.R., A.S.M.); and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital and Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany (S.G., R.H.)
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40
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Alkhouri N, Lawitz E, Noureddin M, DeFronzo R, Shulman GI. GS-0976 (Firsocostat): an investigational liver-directed acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:135-141. [PMID: 31519114 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1668374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: De novo lipogenesis (DNL) plays a major role in fatty acid metabolism and contributes significantly to triglyceride accumulation within the hepatocytes in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) converts acetyl-CoA to malonyl CoA and is a rate-controlling step in DNL. Furthermore, malonyl-CoA is an important regulator of hepatic mitochondrial fat oxidation through its ability to inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. Therefore, inhibiting ACC pharmacologically represents an attractive approach to treating NASH.Areas covered: This article summarizes preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy and safety of the liver-targeted ACC inhibitor GS-0976 (Firsocostat) for the treatment of NASH. In a phase 2 trial that included 126 patients with NASH and fibrosis, GS-0976 20 mg daily for 12 weeks showed significant relative reduction in liver fat by 29%; however, treatment was associated with an increase in plasma triglycerides with 16 patients having levels >500 mg/dL.Expert opinion: Preclinical and preliminary clinical data support the development of GS-0976 as treatment for NASH. ACC-induced hypertriglyceridemia can be mitigated by fish oil or fibrates, but the long-term cardiovascular effects require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Alkhouri
- University of Texas (UT) Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Liver Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eric Lawitz
- University of Texas (UT) Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Liver Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Ralph DeFronzo
- University of Texas (UT) Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Texas Diabetes Institute (TDI), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gerald I Shulman
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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41
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Jiménez de Oya N, Esler WP, Huard K, El-Kattan AF, Karamanlidis G, Blázquez AB, Ramos-Ibeas P, Escribano-Romero E, Louloudes-Lázaro A, Casas J, Sobrino F, Hoehn K, James DE, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Saiz JC, Martín-Acebes MA. Targeting host metabolism by inhibition of acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase reduces flavivirus infection in mouse models. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:624-636. [PMID: 30999821 PMCID: PMC6493301 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1604084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are (re)-emerging RNA viruses strictly dependent on lipid metabolism for infection. In the search for host targeting antivirals, we explored the effect of pharmacological modulation of fatty acid metabolism during flavivirus infection. Considering the central role of acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) on fatty acid metabolism, we analyzed the effect of three small-molecule ACC inhibitors (PF-05175157, PF-05206574, and PF-06256254) on the infection of medically relevant flaviviruses, namely West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus, and Zika virus. Treatment with these compounds inhibited the multiplication of the three viruses in cultured cells. PF-05175157 induced a reduction of the viral load in serum and kidney in WNV-infected mice, unveiling its therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic kidney disease associated with persistent WNV infection. This study constitutes a proof of concept of the reliability of ACC inhibitors to become viable antiviral candidates. These results support the repositioning of metabolic inhibitors as broad-spectrum antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nereida Jiménez de Oya
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - William P Esler
- b Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Kim Huard
- b Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | | | - Georgios Karamanlidis
- b Worldwide Research and Development Pfizer , Cambridge , MA , USA.,h Present address: Cardiometabolic Disorders Amgen Discovery Research , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , USA
| | - Ana-Belén Blázquez
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Estela Escribano-Romero
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Andrés Louloudes-Lázaro
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- d Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry , Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC) and CIBEREHD , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- e Department of Virology and Microbiology , Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Kyle Hoehn
- f School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - David E James
- g Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney Medical School , University of Sydney , Australia
| | | | - Juan-Carlos Saiz
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín-Acebes
- a Department of Biotechnology , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain
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42
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Nguyen TH, Waldrop GL, Gilman SD. Capillary electrophoretic assay of human acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1558-1564. [PMID: 30828828 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2 catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl coenzyme A to form malonyl coenzyme A, along with the conversion of magnesium-adenosine triphosphate complex to magnesium-adenosine diphosphate complex. A simple off-column capillary electrophoresis assay for human acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2 was developed based on the separation of magnesium-adenosine triphosphate complex, magnesium-adenosine diphosphate complex, acetyl coenzyme A and malonyl coenzyme A with detection by ultraviolet absorption at 256 nm. When Mg2+ was absent from the separation buffer, the zones due to magnesium-adenosine triphosphate complex and magnesium-adenosine diphosphate complex both split and migrated as two separate peaks. With Mg2+ added to the separation buffer, magnesium-adenosine triphosphate complex and magnesium-adenosine diphosphate complex produced single peaks, and the reproducibility of peak shape and area improved for human acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2 assay components. The final separation buffer used was 30.0 mM HEPES, 3.0 mM MgCl2 , 2.5 mM KHCO3 , and 2.5 mM potassium citrate at pH 7.50. The same buffer was used for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction (off-column). Inhibition of human acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 2 by CP-640186, a known inhibitor, was detected using the capillary electrophoresis assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Grover L Waldrop
- Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S Douglass Gilman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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43
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Goedeke L, Bates J, Vatner DF, Perry RJ, Wang T, Ramirez R, Li L, Ellis MW, Zhang D, Wong KE, Beysen C, Cline GW, Ray AS, Shulman GI. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Inhibition Reverses NAFLD and Hepatic Insulin Resistance but Promotes Hypertriglyceridemia in Rodents. Hepatology 2018; 68:2197-2211. [PMID: 29790582 PMCID: PMC6251774 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacologic inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymes, ACC1 and ACC2, offers an attractive therapeutic strategy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through simultaneous inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and stimulation of fatty acid oxidation. However, the effects of ACC inhibition on hepatic mitochondrial oxidation, anaplerosis, and ketogenesis in vivo are unknown. Here, we evaluated the effect of a liver-directed allosteric inhibitor of ACC1 and ACC2 (Compound 1) on these parameters, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, in control and diet-induced rodent models of NAFLD. Oral administration of Compound 1 preferentially inhibited ACC enzymatic activity in the liver, reduced hepatic malonyl-CoA levels, and enhanced hepatic ketogenesis by 50%. Furthermore, administration for 6 days to high-fructose-fed rats resulted in a 20% reduction in hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Importantly, long-term treatment (21 days) significantly reduced high-fat sucrose diet-induced hepatic steatosis, protein kinase C epsilon activation, and hepatic insulin resistance. ACCi treatment was associated with a significant increase in plasma triglycerides (approximately 30% to 130%, depending on the length of fasting). ACCi-mediated hypertriglyceridemia could be attributed to approximately a 15% increase in hepatic very low-density lipoprotein production and approximately a 20% reduction in triglyceride clearance by lipoprotein lipase (P ≤ 0.05). At the molecular level, these changes were associated with increases in liver X receptor/sterol response element-binding protein-1 and decreases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α target activation and could be reversed with fenofibrate co-treatment in a high-fat diet mouse model. Conclusion: Collectively, these studies warrant further investigation into the therapeutic utility of liver-directed ACC inhibition for the treatment of NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Goedeke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | | | - Daniel F. Vatner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | - Ting Wang
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City CA 94404
| | | | - Li Li
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City CA 94404
| | - Matthew W. Ellis
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | | | | | - Gary W. Cline
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520
| | | | - Gerald I. Shulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, 06520,Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06520
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44
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Jang S, Gornicki P, Marjanovic J, Bass E, P Iurcotta T, Rodriguez P, Austin J, Haselkorn R. Activity and structure of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase targeted by a specific inhibitor. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2048-2058. [PMID: 29772612 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We have studied a series of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1 and ACC2 proteins with deletions and/or Ser to Ala substitutions of the known phosphorylation sites. In vitro dephosphorylation/phosphorylation experiments reveal a substantial level of phosphorylation of human ACCs produced in insect cells. Our results are consistent with AMPK phosphorylation of Ser29 , Ser80 , Ser1,201 , and Ser1,216 . Phosphorylation of the N-terminal regulatory domain decreases ACC1 activity, while phosphorylation of residues in the ACC central domain has no effect. Inhibition of the activity by phosphorylation is significantly more profound at citrate concentrations below 2 mm. Furthermore, deletion of the N-terminal domain facilitates structural changes induced by citrate, including conversion of ACC dimers to linear polymers. We have also identified ACC2 amino acid mutations affecting specific inhibition of the isozyme by compound CD-017-0191. They form two clusters separated by 60-90 Å: one located in the vicinity of the BC active site and the other one in the vicinity of the ACC1 phosphorylation sites in the central domain, suggesting a contribution of the interface of two ACC dimers in the polymer to the inhibitor binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- SoRi Jang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Piotr Gornicki
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jasmina Marjanovic
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ethan Bass
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Toni P Iurcotta
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pedro Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jotham Austin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert Haselkorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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45
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da Silva RA, Pereira LDM, Silveira MC, Jardim R, de Miranda AB. Mining of potential drug targets through the identification of essential and analogous enzymes in the genomes of pathogens of Glycine max, Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197511. [PMID: 29799863 PMCID: PMC5969768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are one of the most widely used pest and disease control measures in plant crops and their indiscriminate use poses a direct risk to the health of populations and environment around the world. As a result, there is a great need for the development of new, less toxic molecules to be employed against plant pathogens. In this work, we employed an in silico approach to study the genes coding for enzymes of the genomes of three commercially important plants, soybean (Glycine max), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and corn (Zea mays), as well as 15 plant pathogens (4 bacteria and 11 fungi), focusing on revealing a set of essential and non-homologous isofunctional enzymes (NISEs) that could be prioritized as drug targets. By combining sequence and structural data, we obtained an initial set of 568 cases of analogy, of which 97 were validated and further refined, revealing a subset of 29 essential enzymatic activities with a total of 119 different structural forms, most belonging to central metabolic routes, including the carbohydrate metabolism, the metabolism of amino acids, among others. Further, another subset of 26 enzymatic activities possess a tertiary structure specific for the pathogen, not present in plants, men and Apis mellifera, which may be of importance for the development of specific enzymatic inhibitors against plant diseases that are less harmful to humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Jardim
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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46
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Kaulage MH, Bhattacharya S, Muniyappa K. Structural Characterization of i-Motif Structure in the Human Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 Gene Promoters and Their Role in the Regulation of Gene Expression. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1078-1087. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mangesh H. Kaulage
- Department of Biochemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bengaluru 560012 India
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bengaluru 560012 India
| | - K. Muniyappa
- Department of Biochemistry; Indian Institute of Science; Bengaluru 560012 India
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47
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Yi Q, Sun P, Li J, Kong S, Tian J, Li X, Yang Y, Zhang P, Liu Y, Han J, Zhang X, Ye F. Rho, a Fraction From Rhodiola crenulate, Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis in Mice Models. Front Physiol 2018; 9:222. [PMID: 29593573 PMCID: PMC5861213 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is developed from hepatic steatosis, is increasing worldwide. However, no specific drugs for NAFLD have been approved yet. To observe the effects of Rho, a fraction from Rhodiola crenulate, on non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, three mouse models with characteristics of NAFLD were used including high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO) mice, KKAy mice, and HFD combined with tetracycline stimulated Model-T mice. Hepatic lipid accumulation was determined via histopathological analysis and/or hepatic TG determination. The responses to insulin were evaluated by insulin tolerance test (ITT), glucose tolerance test (GTT), and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, respectively. The pathways involved in hepatic lipid metabolism were observed via western-blot. Furthermore, the liver microcirculation was observed by inverted microscopy. The HPLC analysis indicated that the main components of Rho were flavan polymers. The results of histopathological analysis showed that Rho could ameliorate hepatic steatosis in DIO, KKAy, and Model-T hepatic steatosis mouse models, respectively. After Rho treatment in DIO mice, insulin resistance was improved with increasing glucose infusion rate (GIR) in hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and decreasing areas under the blood glucose-time curve (AUC) in both ITT and GTT; the pathways involved in fatty acid uptake and de novo lipogenesis were both down-regulated, respectively. However, the pathways involved in beta-oxidation and VLDL-export on hepatic steatosis were not changed significantly. The liver microcirculation disturbances were also improved by Rho in DIO mice. These results suggest that Rho is a lead nature product for hepatic steatosis treatment. The mechanism is related to enhancing insulin sensitivity, suppressing fatty acid uptake and inhibiting de novo lipogenesis in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Puyang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siming Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinying Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peicheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyan Han
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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48
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Wei Q, Mei L, Yang Y, Ma H, Chen H, Zhang H, Zhou J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel spiro-pentacylamides as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3866-3874. [PMID: 30049586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) catalyzes the rate-determining step in de novo lipogenesis and plays an important role in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation. Therefore, ACC inhibition offers a promising option for intervention in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cancer. In this paper, a series of spiropentacylamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ACC1/2 inhibitory activities and anti-proliferation effects on A549, H1975, HCT116, SW620 and Caco-2 cell lines in vitro. Compound 6o displayed potent ACC1/2 inhibitory activity (ACC1 IC50 = 0.527 μM, ACC2 IC50 = 0.397 μM) and the most potent anti-proliferation activities against A549, H1975, HCT116, SW620 and Caco-2 cell lines, with IC50 values of 1.92 μM, 0.38 μM, 1.22 μM, 2.05 μM and 5.42 μM respectively. Further molecular docking studies revealed that compound 6o maintained hydrogen bonds between the two carbonyls and protein backbone NHs (Glu-B2026 and Gly-B1958). These results indicate that compound 6o is a promising ACC1/2 inhibitor for the potent treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Liankuo Mei
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yifei Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hui Ma
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Jinpei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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49
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Li W, Bai H, Liu S, Cao D, Wu H, Shen K, Tai Y, Yang J. Targeting stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 to repress endometrial cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12064-12078. [PMID: 29552293 PMCID: PMC5844729 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is an established molecular target in many primary tumors including breast, lung, pancreatic, colon and hepatocellular carcinomas. However, its potential role in supporting endometrial cancer growth and progression has not yet been determined. In this study, we evaluated the value of SCD1 as a candidate therapeutic target in human endometrial cancer. Compared with secretory and post-menopausal endometrium, SCD1 was highly expressed in normal endometrium of proliferative phase, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, while was absent or low expression in non-malignant control stromal cells and adjacent normal endometrium. Knockdown of SCD1 significantly repressed endometrial cancer cell growth and induced cell apoptosis. Both short hairpin RNA targeted knockdown and chemical inhibitor of SCD1 suppressed the foci formation of AN3CA, a metastatic endometrial cell line. Xenograft model further demonstrated that reduced SCD1 expression impaired endometrial cancer growth in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that SCD1 is a potentially therapeutic target in human endometrial cancer. Inhibiting lipid metabolism in cancer cells would be a promising strategy for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Huimin Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dongyan Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongying Wu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, The Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Keng Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Science Academy of Chinese People's Liberation Army (307 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army), Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, China
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50
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Damiano F, Testini M, Tocci R, Gnoni GV, Siculella L. Translational control of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 mRNA is mediated by an internal ribosome entry site in response to ER stress, serum deprivation or hypoxia mimetic CoCl 2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:388-398. [PMID: 29343429 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) is a cytosolic enzyme catalyzing the rate limiting step in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. There is mounting evidence showing that ACC1 is susceptible to dysregulation and that it is over-expressed in liver diseases associated with lipid accumulation and in several cancers. In the present study, ACC1 regulation at the translational level is reported. Using several experimental approaches, the presence of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) has been established in the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of the ACC1 mRNA. Transfection experiments with the ACC1 5' UTR inserted in a dicistronic reporter vector show a remarkable increase in the downstream cistron translation, through a cap-independent mechanism. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress condition and the related unfolded protein response (UPR), triggered by treatment with thapsigargin and tunicamycin, cause an increase of the cap-independent translation of ACC1 mRNA in HepG2 cells, despite the overall reduction in global protein synthesis. Other stress conditions, such as serum starvation and incubation with hypoxia mimetic agent CoCl2, up-regulate ACC1 expression in HepG2 cells at the translational level. Overall, these findings indicate that the presence of an IRES in the ACC1 5' UTR allows ACC1 mRNA translation in conditions that are inhibitory to cap-dependent translation. A potential involvement of the cap-independent translation of ACC1 in several pathologies, such as obesity and cancer, has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Damiano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariangela Testini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Romina Tocci
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gabriele V Gnoni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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