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Liu Z, Yue T, Zheng X, Luo S, Xu W, Yan J, Weng J, Yang D, Wang C. Microbial and metabolomic profiles of type 1 diabetes with depression: A case-control study. J Diabetes 2024; 16:e13542. [PMID: 38599848 PMCID: PMC11006619 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is the most common psychological disorder in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the characteristics of microbiota and metabolites in these patients remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate microbial and metabolomic profiles and identify novel biomarkers for T1D with depression. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in a total of 37 T1D patients with depression (TD+), 35 T1D patients without depression (TD-), and 29 healthy controls (HCs). 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analysis were conducted to investigate the characteristics of microbiota and metabolites. The association between altered microbiota and metabolites was explored by Spearman's rank correlation and visualized by a heatmap. The microbial signatures to discriminate TD+ from TD- were identified by a random forest (RF) classifying model. RESULTS In microbiota, 15 genera enriched in TD- and 2 genera enriched in TD+, and in metabolites, 14 differential metabolites (11 upregulated and 3 downregulated) in TD+ versus TD- were identified. Additionally, 5 genera (including Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Alistipes from altered microbiota) demonstrated good diagnostic power (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58-0.87). In the correlation analysis, Butyricimonas was negatively correlated with glutaric acid (r = -0.28, p = 0.015) and malondialdehyde (r = -0.30, p = 0.012). Both Phascolarctobacterium (r = 0.27, p = 0.022) and Alistipes (r = 0.31, p = 0.009) were positively correlated with allopregnanolone. CONCLUSIONS T1D patients with depression were characterized by unique profiles of gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Phascolarctobacterium, Butyricimonas, and Alistipes could predict the risk of T1D with depression. These findings provide further evidence that the microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in T1D with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyGuangzhouChina
- Department of EndocrinologyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Sihui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jinhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyGuangzhouChina
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Clinical Research Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Hefei), University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Daizhi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Diabetes Prevention and Control Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyGuangzhouChina
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AlTamimi JZ, AlFaris NA, Alshammari GM, Alagal RI, Aljabryn DH, Abdo Yahya M. Protective effect of eriodictyol against hyperglycemia-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats entails antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects mediated by activating Nrf2. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101817. [PMID: 37915829 PMCID: PMC10616554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) involves cellular activation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Eriodictyol is a citrus-derived flavonoid with multiple pharmacological and protective effects in various conditions. The protective role of Eriodictyol against diabetes and diabetic nephropathy is less investigated. The current research aimed to explore the role of eriodictyol in protecting against DN prompted by streptozotocin in male rats and investigate some possible mechanisms of action. Diabetes was brought about in rats by an i.p injection of a lone dose (65 mg/kg). Five groups of rats were included (n = 8 each) as control (non-diabetic), eriodictyol (20 mg/kg, orally), STZ-diabetic, STZ + eriodictyol (20 mg/kg, orally), and STZ + eriodictyol (20 mg/kg, orally) + ML385 (30 µg/kg, i.p.). Kidney histology and the levels of some markers of kidney function, renal oxidative stress, and renal inflammation were analyzed in all groups of rats. Treatment with eriodictyol prevented the damage in the renal glomeruli and tubules and reduced renal immune cell infiltration in STZ-treated animals. It also spiked urinary creatinine excretion and reduced urine volume and urinary levels of albumin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and nephrin in these diabetic rats. In addition, eriodictyol stimulated the nuclear protein accumulation of Nrf2 and boosted the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and catalase (CAT) in the diabetic rat kidneys. In concomitance, it reduced the nuclear levels of NF-κB and levels of interleukine-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and attenuated the reduction in renal ATP levels and the increase in the mitochondria transition pore opening (mtTPT). However, the administration of eriodictyol did not affect rats' body weights and fasting glucose and insulin levels but significantly reduced serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, and oxidized LDL-c (ox-LDL-c). In conclusion, eriodictyol prevents STZ-induced nephropathy by a hypolipidemic effect and concomitant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects mediated by activating Nrf2/NF-κB/antioxidant axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozaa Z. AlTamimi
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora A. AlFaris
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alagal
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal H. Aljabryn
- Department of Physical Sports Sciences, College of Education, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Kim JH, Cha HN, Kim YW, Park SY. Peroxiredoxin 2 deficiency does not affect insulin resistance and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:859-868. [PMID: 32141337 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1733026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine if peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) deficiency aggravates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS Insulin sensitivity was measured in Prx2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. RESULTS Whole body glucose turnover, glucose uptake, and levels of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) protein in the skeletal muscle were found to be lower. This was followed by increased expression of oxidative stress markers in Prx2 KO mice than that in WT mice in the control diet group. Although, a 12-week high-fat diet induced insulin resistance and enhanced oxidative stress in both genotypes, there was no difference between WT and Prx2 KO mice with respect to insulin sensitivity and the level of oxidative stress markers. Accordingly, the levels of phosphorylated Akt and Glut4 were similar between the two genotypes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Prx2 does not affect high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Urology, Soon Chun Hyung University Hospital, Gumi, Korea
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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Mechanistic Insight into Oxidative Stress-Triggered Signaling Pathways and Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030950. [PMID: 35164215 PMCID: PMC8840622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a metabolic dysfunction mediated by the imbalance between the biochemical processes leading to elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidant defense system of the body. It has a ubiquitous role in the development of numerous noncommunicable maladies including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, aging and respiratory diseases. Diseases associated with metabolic dysfunction may be influenced by changes in the redox balance. Lately, there has been increasing awareness and evidence that diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 2 diabetes, is significantly modulated by oxidative stress. DM is a state of impaired metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action, or both. ROS such as hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide anion introduce chemical changes virtually in all cellular components, causing deleterious effects on the islets of β-cells, in turn affecting insulin production. Under hyperglycemic conditions, various signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ) and protein kinase C (PKC) are also activated by ROS. All of these can be linked to a hindrance in insulin signaling pathways, leading to insulin resistance. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress plays a substantial role in complications including diabetic nephropathy. DM patients are more prone to microvascular as well as atherosclerotic macrovascular diseases. This systemic disease affects most countries around the world, owing to population explosion, aging, urbanization, obesity, lifestyle, etc. However, some modulators, with their free radical scavenging properties, can play a prospective role in overcoming the debilitating effects of OS. This review is a modest approach to summarizing the basics and interlinkages of oxidative stress, its modulators and diabetes mellitus. It may add to the understanding of and insight into the pathophysiology of diabetes and the crucial role of antioxidants to weaken the complications and morbidity resulting from this chronic disease.
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Mohd Ghozali N, Giribabu N, Salleh N. Mechanisms Linking Vitamin D Deficiency to Impaired Metabolism: An Overview. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:6453882. [PMID: 35859985 PMCID: PMC9293580 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6453882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem worldwide. Despite its known skeletal effects, studies have begun to explore its extra-skeletal effects, that is, in preventing metabolic diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency led to these unfavorable metabolic consequences have been explored. Current evidence indicates that the deficiency of vitamin D could impair the pancreatic β-cell functions, thus compromising its insulin secretion. Besides, vitamin D deficiency could also exacerbate inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the pancreas and many organs, which leads to insulin resistance. Together, these will contribute to impairment in glucose homeostasis. This review summarizes the reported metabolic effects of vitamin D, in order to identify its potential use to prevent and overcome metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulmuna Mohd Ghozali
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
| | - Nelli Giribabu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
| | - Naguib Salleh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia
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Takahashi P, Xavier DJ, Lima JEBF, Evangelista AF, Collares CVA, Foss-Freitas MC, Rassi DM, Donadi EA, Passos GA, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Transcript Expression Profiles and MicroRNA Regulation Indicate an Upregulation of Processes Linked to Oxidative Stress, DNA Repair, Cell Death, and Inflammation in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:3511329. [PMID: 35155683 PMCID: PMC8825437 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3511329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) arises from autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells leading to impaired insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. T1D is accompanied by DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation, although there is still scarce information about the oxidative stress response and DNA repair in T1D pathogenesis. We used the microarray method to assess mRNA expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 19 T1D patients compared to 11 controls and identify mRNA targets of microRNAs that were previously reported for T1D patients. We found 277 differentially expressed genes (220 upregulated and 57 downregulated) in T1D patients compared to controls. Analysis by gene sets (GSA and GSEA) showed an upregulation of processes linked to ROS generation, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, ER stress, and DNA repair in T1D patients. Besides, genes related to oxidative stress responses and DNA repair (PTGS2, ATF3, FOSB, DUSP1, and TNFAIP3) were found to be targets of four microRNAs (hsa-miR-101, hsa-miR148a, hsa-miR-27b, and hsa-miR-424). The expression levels of these mRNAs and microRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Therefore, the present study on differential expression profiles indicates relevant biological functions related to oxidative stress response, DNA repair, inflammation, and apoptosis in PBMCs of T1D patients relative to controls. We also report new insights regarding microRNA-mRNA interactions, which may play important roles in the T1D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Takahashi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo J. Xavier
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica E. B. F. Lima
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cristhianna V. A. Collares
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, SP, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C. Foss-Freitas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Diane M. Rassi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. Donadi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, SP, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A. Passos
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza T. Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, 14049900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Yang GH, Fontaine DA, Lodh S, Blumer JT, Roopra A, Davis DB. TCF19 Impacts a Network of Inflammatory and DNA Damage Response Genes in the Pancreatic β-Cell. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080513. [PMID: 34436454 PMCID: PMC8400192 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor 19 (TCF19) is a gene associated with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in genome-wide association studies. Prior studies have demonstrated that Tcf19 knockdown impairs β-cell proliferation and increases apoptosis. However, little is known about its role in diabetes pathogenesis or the effects of TCF19 gain-of-function. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of TCF19 overexpression in INS-1 β-cells and human islets on proliferation and gene expression. With TCF19 overexpression, there was an increase in nucleotide incorporation without any change in cell cycle gene expression, alluding to an alternate process of nucleotide incorporation. Analysis of RNA-seq of TCF19 overexpressing cells revealed increased expression of several DNA damage response (DDR) genes, as well as a tightly linked set of genes involved in viral responses, immune system processes, and inflammation. This connectivity between DNA damage and inflammatory gene expression has not been well studied in the β-cell and suggests a novel role for TCF19 in regulating these pathways. Future studies determining how TCF19 may modulate these pathways can provide potential targets for improving β-cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace H. Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (G.H.Y.); (D.A.F.); (S.L.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Danielle A. Fontaine
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (G.H.Y.); (D.A.F.); (S.L.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Sukanya Lodh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (G.H.Y.); (D.A.F.); (S.L.); (J.T.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Joseph T. Blumer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (G.H.Y.); (D.A.F.); (S.L.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Avtar Roopra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Dawn Belt Davis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (G.H.Y.); (D.A.F.); (S.L.); (J.T.B.)
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence:
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Dilworth L, Facey A, Omoruyi F. Diabetes Mellitus and Its Metabolic Complications: The Role of Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147644. [PMID: 34299261 PMCID: PMC8305176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been used in the effective management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A recent paradigm shift has focused on the role of adipose tissues in the development and treatment of the disease. Brown adipose tissues (BAT) and white adipose tissues (WAT) are the two main types of adipose tissues with beige subsets more recently identified. They play key roles in communication and insulin sensitivity. However, WAT has been shown to contribute significantly to endocrine function. WAT produces hormones and cytokines, collectively called adipocytokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. These adipocytokines have been proven to vary in conditions, such as metabolic dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, or inflammation. The regulation of fat storage, energy metabolism, satiety, and insulin release are all features of adipose tissues. As such, they are indicators that may provide insights on the development of metabolic dysfunction or type 2 diabetes and can be considered routes for therapeutic considerations. The essential roles of adipocytokines vis-a-vis satiety, appetite, regulation of fat storage and energy, glucose tolerance, and insulin release, solidifies adipose tissue role in the development and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and the complications associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell Dilworth
- Department of Pathology, Mona Campus, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Aldeam Facey
- Mona Academy of Sport, Mona Campus, University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
| | - Felix Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
- Correspondence:
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Mascolo E, Liguori F, Stufera Mecarelli L, Amoroso N, Merigliano C, Amadio S, Volonté C, Contestabile R, Tramonti A, Vernì F. Functional Inactivation of Drosophila GCK Orthologs Causes Genomic Instability and Oxidative Stress in a Fly Model of MODY-2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020918. [PMID: 33477627 PMCID: PMC7831483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) type 2 is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in the gene encoding glucokinase (GCK), a pivotal enzyme for glucose homeostasis. In the pancreas GCK regulates insulin secretion, while in the liver it promotes glucose utilization and storage. We showed that silencing the DrosophilaGCK orthologs Hex-A and Hex-C results in a MODY-2-like hyperglycemia. Targeted knock-down revealed that Hex-A is expressed in insulin producing cells (IPCs) whereas Hex-C is specifically expressed in the fat body. We showed that Hex-A is essential for insulin secretion and it is required for Hex-C expression. Reduced levels of either Hex-A or Hex-C resulted in chromosome aberrations (CABs), together with an increased production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This result suggests that CABs, in GCK depleted cells, are likely due to hyperglycemia, which produces oxidative stress through AGE metabolism. In agreement with this hypothesis, treating GCK-depleted larvae with the antioxidant vitamin B6 rescued CABs, whereas the treatment with a B6 inhibitor enhanced genomic instability. Although MODY-2 rarely produces complications, our data revealed the possibility that MODY-2 impacts genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mascolo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Liguori
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (S.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Lorenzo Stufera Mecarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Noemi Amoroso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Susanna Amadio
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (S.A.); (C.V.)
| | - Cinzia Volonté
- Preclinical Neuroscience, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00143 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (S.A.); (C.V.)
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science “A. Ruberti”, National Research Council (IASI-CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Contestabile
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Angela Tramonti
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.T.)
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.M.); (L.S.M.); (N.A.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Al-Taie A, Sancar M, Izzettin FV. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine: A valuable predictor of oxidative DNA damage in cancer and diabetes mellitus. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel long-acting hypoglycemic drug for canine diabetes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:1031-1043. [PMID: 33219471 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, insulin is commonly used in the clinical management of canine diabetes. However, it must be injected preprandially causing much inconvenience to the owners. Therefore, the development of long-acting hypoglycemic agents has attracted much attention in the scientific community. This study aimed to investigate the long-acting hypoglycemic effect of canine fibroblast growth factor 21 (cFGF-21) in diabetic dogs. Diabetic dogs were administered with cFGF-21, polyethylene glycol-modified cFGF-21 (PEG-cFGF-21), or insulin once a day, once every 2, 3, or 4 days subcutaneously. The results showed that cFGF-21 and PEG-cFGF-21 maintained blood glucose comparable to normal levels for 2 and 3 days respectively while insulin maintained the blood glucose for only 2 h after a single injection. After treatment with cFGF-21, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was significantly improved with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) close to the normal levels. In addition, cFGF-21 significantly repaired islet β cells, increased insulin content, and protected the pancreas from streptozotocin-induced injury. Furthermore, cFGF-21 exhibited both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in the pancreas. We conclude, therefore, that cFGF-21 and PEG-cFGF-21 can maintain blood glucose comparable to normal levels for 2 and 3 days respectively after a single dose. The long-acting efficacy of cFGF-21 can be attributed to improvement in oxidative stress and the reduction of inflammation in the pancreas.
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12
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Vitamin B6 and Diabetes: Relationship and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103669. [PMID: 32456137 PMCID: PMC7279184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 is a cofactor for approximately 150 reactions that regulate the metabolism of glucose, lipids, amino acids, DNA, and neurotransmitters. In addition, it plays the role of antioxidant by counteracting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Epidemiological and experimental studies indicated an evident inverse association between vitamin B6 levels and diabetes, as well as a clear protective effect of vitamin B6 on diabetic complications. Interestingly, by exploring the mechanisms that govern the relationship between this vitamin and diabetes, vitamin B6 can be considered both a cause and effect of diabetes. This review aims to report the main evidence concerning the role of vitamin B6 in diabetes and to examine the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. In addition, the relationship between vitamin B6, genome integrity, and diabetes is examined. The protective role of this vitamin against diabetes and cancer is discussed.
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13
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Contestabile R, di Salvo ML, Bunik V, Tramonti A, Vernì F. The multifaceted role of vitamin B 6 in cancer: Drosophila as a model system to investigate DNA damage. Open Biol 2020; 10:200034. [PMID: 32208818 PMCID: PMC7125957 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A perturbed uptake of micronutrients, such as minerals and vitamins, impacts on different human diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Several data converge towards a crucial role played by many micronutrients in genome integrity maintenance and in the establishment of a correct DNA methylation pattern. Failure in the proper accomplishment of these processes accelerates senescence and increases the risk of developing cancer, by promoting the formation of chromosome aberrations and deregulating the expression of oncogenes. Here, the main recent evidence regarding the impact of some B vitamins on DNA damage and cancer is summarized, providing an integrated and updated analysis, mainly centred on vitamin B6. In many cases, it is difficult to finely predict the optimal vitamin rate that is able to protect against DNA damage, as this can be influenced by a given individual's genotype. For this purpose, a precious resort is represented by model organisms which allow limitations imposed by more complex systems to be overcome. In this review, we show that Drosophila can be a useful model to deeply understand mechanisms underlying the relationship between vitamin B6 and genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Contestabile
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Martino Luigi di Salvo
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Victoria Bunik
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Sechenov Medical University, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Angela Tramonti
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti and Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche 'A. Rossi Fanelli', Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.,Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pl.e A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza Università di Roma, Pl.e A. Moro, 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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14
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PAS kinase deficiency reduces aging effects in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2275-2301. [PMID: 31974316 PMCID: PMC7041766 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several signaling pathways may be affected during aging. All are regulated by nutrient levels leading to a decline in mitochondrial function and autophagy and to an increase in oxidative stress. PAS Domain Kinase (PASK) is a nutrient and bioenergetic sensor. We have previously found that PASK plays a role in the control of hepatic metabolic balance and mitochondrial homeostasis. To investigate PASK’s role in hepatic oxidative stress during aging, we analyzed the mitochondrial function, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and lipid-related parameters in aged PASK-deficient mice. Hepatic Pask mRNA decreased in step with aging, being undetectable in aged wild-type (WT) mice. Aged PASK-deficient mice recorded lower levels of ROS/RNS compared to aged WT. The regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC1a, SIRT1 and NRF2, decreased in aged WT, while aged PASK-deficient mice recorded a higher expression of NRF2, GCLm and HO1 proteins and CS activity under fasted conditions. Additionally, aged PASK-deficient mice recorded an overexpression of the longevity gene FoxO3a, and maintained elevated PCNA protein, suggesting that hepatic cell repair mechanisms might be functional. PASK-deficient mice have better insulin sensitivity and no glucose intolerance, as confirmed by a normal HOMA-IR index. PASK may be a good target for reducing damage during aging.
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15
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Asgharpour Dil F, Ranjkesh Z, Goodarzi MT. A systematic review of antiglycation medicinal plants. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1225-1229. [PMID: 31336468 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The present review shows a list of anti-glycation plants with their anti-glycation activity mechanisms that can attract the attention of pharmacologist for further scientific research towards finding better remedy for diabetic complications. MATERIALS Google scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched. The terms were advanced glycation end products (AGEs), medicinal plants, antiglycation products. RESULTS plants that studied in this review inhibit glycation in several possible mechanisms. Some of these plants inhibit the production of shiff base and amadori products. The others inhibit the generation of amadori products in the advanced phase. Some others blocked the aggregation of AGEs and some plants have antioxidant activity and reduce AGEs formation by preventing oxidation of amadori product and metal-catalyzed glucoxidation. CONCLUSION This review can help pharmacologist to find antiglycation natural substance that can be useful in treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Ranjkesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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16
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Pas Kinase Deficiency Triggers Antioxidant Mechanisms in the Liver. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13810. [PMID: 30217996 PMCID: PMC6138710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32192-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction in the liver is the cause of numerous pathologies, which are associated with an altered redox state. PASK (PAS Domain Kinase) is a nutrient and bioenergetic sensor. We contend that PASK could act as an oxidative stress sensor in liver and/or control the metabolic balance, playing a role in the mitochondrial homeostasis. Using PASK-deficient mice, we observed that PASK deficiency promotes antioxidant response mechanisms: a lower production of ROS/RNS under non-fasting conditions, overexpression of genes coding to ROS-detoxifying enzymes and mitochondrial fusion proteins (MnSod Gpx, Mfn1 and Opa1), coactivator Ppargc1a, transcription factors (Pparg and FoxO3a) and deacetylase Sirt1. Also, under fasting conditions, PASK deficiency induced the overexpression of Ppargc1a, Ppara, Pparg, FoxO3a and Nrf2 leading to the overexpression of genes coding to antioxidant enzymes such as MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD, GPx, HO1 and GCLm. Additionally, inducing PINK1 involved in cell survival and mitophagy. These changes kept ROS steady levels and improved the regenerative state. We suggest a new role for PASK as a controller of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics in the liver. In fact, antioxidant response is PASK dependent. PASK-targeting could therefore be a good way of reducing the oxidative stress in order to prevent or treat liver diseases.
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17
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Merigliano C, Mascolo E, Burla R, Saggio I, Vernì F. The Relationship Between Vitamin B6, Diabetes and Cancer. Front Genet 2018; 9:388. [PMID: 30271425 PMCID: PMC6146109 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, works as cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions and it behaves as antioxidant molecule. PLP deficiency has been associated to many human pathologies including cancer and diabetes and the mechanism behind this connection is now becoming clearer. Inadequate intake of this vitamin increases the risk of many cancers; furthermore, PLP deprivation impairs insulin secretion in rats, whereas PLP supplementation prevents diabetic complications and improves gestational diabetes. Growing evidence shows that diabetes and cancer are correlated not only because they share same risk factors but also because diabetic patients have a higher risk of developing tumors, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we will explore data obtained in Drosophila revealing the existence of a connection between vitamin B6, DNA damage and diabetes, as flies in the past decade turned out to be a promising model also for metabolic diseases including diabetes. We will focus on recent studies that revealed a specific role for PLP in maintaining chromosome integrity and glucose homeostasis, and we will show that these aspects are correlated. In addition, we will discuss recent data identifying PLP as a putative linking factor between diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Merigliano
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Mascolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Burla
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiammetta Vernì
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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18
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Protective role of vitamin B6 (PLP) against DNA damage in Drosophila models of type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11432. [PMID: 30061626 PMCID: PMC6065437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that improper intake of vitamin B6 increases cancer risk and several studies indicate that diabetic patients have a higher risk of developing tumors. We previously demonstrated that in Drosophila the deficiency of Pyridoxal 5′ phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6, causes chromosome aberrations (CABs), one of cancer prerequisites, and increases hemolymph glucose content. Starting from these data we asked if it was possible to provide a link between the aforementioned studies. Thus, we tested the effect of low PLP levels on DNA integrity in diabetic cells. To this aim we generated two Drosophila models of type 2 diabetes, the first by impairing insulin signaling and the second by rearing flies in high sugar diet. We showed that glucose treatment induced CABs in diabetic individuals but not in controls. More interestingly, PLP deficiency caused high frequencies of CABs in both diabetic models demonstrating that hyperglycemia, combined to reduced PLP level, impairs DNA integrity. PLP-depleted diabetic cells accumulated Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) that largely contribute to CABs as α-lipoic acid, an AGE inhibitor, rescued not only AGEs but also CABs. These data, extrapolated to humans, indicate that low PLP levels, impacting on DNA integrity, may be considered one of the possible links between diabetes and cancer.
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19
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Progress in Metabonomics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071834. [PMID: 30041493 PMCID: PMC6100487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards and a change in lifestyle, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing. Its etiology is too complex to be completely understand yet. Metabonomics techniques are used to study the changes of metabolites and metabolic pathways before and after the onset of diabetes and make it more possible to further understand the pathogenesis of T2DM and improve its prediction, early diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we summarized the metabonomics study of T2DM in recent years and provided a theoretical basis for the study of pathogenesis and the effective prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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20
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Zaki M, Basha W, El-Bassyouni HT, El-Toukhy S, Hussein T. Evaluation of DNA damage profile in obese women and its association to risk of metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome and recurrent preeclampsia. Genes Dis 2018; 5:367-373. [PMID: 30591939 PMCID: PMC6303482 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities. Obesity and MS are always accompanied by elevated oxidative stress which might affect cellular bio-molecules such as DNA. The aim of the present study is to investigate DNA damage profile in obese premenopausal women and its relation to the risk of MS, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and history of recurrent pre-eclampsia. The study included 90 obese women included cases with MS (n = 30), PCOS (n = 30) and previous history of recurrent preeclampsia (n = 30) and, age-matched healthy non-obese control women (n = 50). The assessment of leukocyte DNA damage was done by comet assay for all cases and controls. Anthropometry and biochemical parameters have been measured. Results showed that mean percent of DNA damage was significantly higher in MS, PCOS as well as in women with the recurrent preeclampsia as compared to healthy controls. The high level of mean DNA damage frequency in obese women was significantly associated with the increased number of metabolic syndrome components. Cases with 2, 3 and 3-5 components showed significantly higher levels of DNA damage than controls. Moreover, cases with 3-5 MS components showed significant higher DNA compared to those with the two components. Regarding PCOS, significant positive association between the mean frequency of DNA damage and waist circumference was observed. The study suggests that metabolic abnormalities, PCOS and recurrent pre-eclampsia might be contributed in development of DNA damage in obese women. DNA damage can serve as an early marker for obesity complications in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushira Zaki
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Basha
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Safinaz El-Toukhy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer Hussein
- Reproductive Health Research Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Zaki M, Kamal S, Basha WA, El-Toukhy S, Yousef W, El-Bassyouni HT, Azmy O. Assessment of DNA damage in obese premenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Marques CMS, Nunes EA, Lago L, Pedron CN, Manieri TM, Sato RH, Oliveira VX, Cerchiaro G. Generation of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) by glycoxidation mediated by copper and ROS in a human serum albumin (HSA) model peptide: reaction mechanism and damage in motor neuron cells. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2017; 824:42-51. [PMID: 29150049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucose, in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), acts as an as an oxidative agent and drives deleterious processes in Diabetes Mellitus. We have studied the mechanism and the toxicological effects of glucose-dependent glycoxidation reactions driven by copper and ROS, using a model peptide based on the exposed sequence of Human Serum Albumin (HSA) and containing a lysine residue susceptible to copper complexation. The main products of these reactions are Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). Carboxymethyl lysine and pyrraline condensed on the model peptide, generating a Modified Peptide (MP). These products were isolated, purified, and tested on cultured motor neuron cells. We observed DNA damage, enhancement of membrane roughness, and formation of domes. We evaluated nuclear abnormalities by the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay and we measured cytostatic and cytotoxic effects, chromosomal breakage, nuclear abnormalities, and cell death. AGEs formed by glycoxidation caused large micronucleus aberrations, apoptosis, and large-scale nuclear abnormalities, even at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lago
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele Nicolaski Pedron
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Tânia Maria Manieri
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli Hiromi Sato
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Vani Xavier Oliveira
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Giselle Cerchiaro
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC - UFABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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23
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Vučić J, Stanković S, Vasić K, Cvetković T. T HE IMPACT OF MECHAN ISMS OF OXIDATIVE ST RESS ON THE DEVELPOMENT O F DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY IN TYPE 1 DIABETES. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2017. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2017.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Kandemir FM, Ozkaraca M, Küçükler S, Caglayan C, Hanedan B. Preventive effects of hesperidin on diabetic nephropathy induced by streptozotocin via modulating TGF-β1 and oxidative DNA damage. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1364268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Basak Hanedan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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25
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Ahmed A, Shamsi A, Bano B. Characterizing harmful advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and ribosylated aggregates of yellow mustard seed phytocystatin: Effects of different monosaccharides. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 171:183-192. [PMID: 27526342 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are at the core of variety of diseases ranging from diabetes to renal failure and hence gaining wide consideration. This study was aimed at characterizing the AGEs of phytocystatin isolated from mustard seeds (YMP) when incubated with different monosaccharides (glucose, ribose and mannose) using fluorescence, ultraviolet, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and microscopy. Ribose was found to be the most potent glycating agent as evident by AGEs specific fluorescence and absorbance. YMP exists as a molten globule like structure on day 24 as depicted by high ANS fluorescence and altered intrinsic fluorescence. Glycated YMP as AGEs and ribose induced aggregates were observed at day 28 and 32 respectively. In our study we have also examined the anti-aggregative potential of polyphenol, resveratrol. Our results suggested the anti-aggregative behavior of resveratrol as it prevented the in vitro aggregation of YMP, although further studies are required to decode the mechanism by which resveratrol prevents the aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azaj Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Bilqees Bano
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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26
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Goodarzi MT, Khodadadi I, Tavilani H, Abbasi Oshaghi E. The Role of Anethum graveolens L. (Dill) in the Management of Diabetes. J Trop Med 2016; 2016:1098916. [PMID: 27829842 PMCID: PMC5088306 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1098916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. There is evidence that Anethum graveolens (AG) has been used for centuries in Asian traditional medicine, and its constituents have useful effects on the control and management of diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. AG has many useful effects, including hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, and it has been reported to reduce the incidence of diabetic complications. It acts mainly by affecting antioxidant capacity and change in some genes in glucose and lipid pathways. The aim of the present paper was to summarize pharmacological effects of AG in the management of diabetes. Methods. To prepare this review, a pharmacological and phytochemical literature survey was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. Also, some historical and ethnopharmacological literature sources were used. Results. This review plans to provide readers with an assessment of the pharmacological effects of AG, especially in diabetes. Conclusion. The paper highlights the therapeutic effects of AG which would aid in supporting their safe use in the management of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tavilani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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27
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Salmon AB. Beyond Diabetes: Does Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress Drive the Aging Process? Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E24. [PMID: 27438860 PMCID: PMC5039573 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous correlative data, a causative role for oxidative stress in mammalian longevity has remained elusive. However, there is strong evidence that increased oxidative stress is associated with exacerbation of many diseases and pathologies that are also strongly related to advanced age. Obesity, or increased fat accumulation, is one of the most common chronic conditions worldwide and is associated with not only metabolic dysfunction but also increased levels of oxidative stress in vivo. Moreover, obesity is also associated with significantly increased risks of cardiovascular disease, neurological decline and cancer among many other diseases as well as a significantly increased risk of mortality. In this review, we investigate the possible interpretation that the increased incidence of these diseases in obesity may be due to chronic oxidative stress mediating segmental acceleration of the aging process. Understanding how obesity can alter cellular physiology beyond that directly related to metabolic function could open new therapeutic areas of approach to extend the period of healthy aging among people of all body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Salmon
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.
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Lee SC, Chan JCN. Evidence for DNA damage as a biological link between diabetes and cancer. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1543-8. [PMID: 26021514 PMCID: PMC4733759 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.157693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This review examines the evidence that: Diabetes is a state of DNA damage; pathophysiological factors in diabetes can cause DNA damage; DNA damage can cause mutations; and DNA mutation is linked to carcinogenesis. Data Sources: We retrieved information from the PubMed database up to January, 2014, using various search terms and their combinations including DNA damage, diabetes, cancer, high glucose, hyperglycemia, free fatty acids, palmitic acid, advanced glycation end products, mutation and carcinogenesis. Study Selection: We included data from peer-reviewed journals and a textbook printed in English on relationships between DNA damage and diabetes as well as pathophysiological factors in diabetes. Publications on relationships among DNA damage, mutagenesis, and carcinogenesis, were also reviewed. We organized this information into a conceptual framework to explain the possible causal relationship between DNA damage and carcinogenesis in diabetes. Results: There are a large amount of data supporting the view that DNA mutation is a typical feature in carcinogenesis. Patients with type 2 diabetes have increased production of reactive oxygen species, reduced levels of antioxidant capacity, and increased levels of DNA damage. The pathophysiological factors and metabolic milieu in diabetes can cause DNA damage such as DNA strand break and base modification (i.e., oxidation). Emerging experimental data suggest that signal pathways (i.e., Akt/tuberin) link diabetes to DNA damage. This collective evidence indicates that diabetes is a pathophysiological state of oxidative stress and DNA damage which can lead to various types of mutation to cause aberration in cells and thereby increased cancer risk. Conclusions: This review highlights the interrelationships amongst diabetes, DNA damage, DNA mutation and carcinogenesis, which suggests that DNA damage can be a biological link between diabetes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Chin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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Sikdar S, Papadopoulou M, Dubois J. What do we know about sulforaphane protection against photoaging? J Cosmet Dermatol 2016; 15:72-7. [PMID: 26799467 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound occurring in cruciferous vegetables, has been known for years as a chemopreventive agent against many types of cancer. Recently, it has been investigated as an antioxidant and anti-aging agent, and interesting conclusions have been made over the last decade. SFN demonstrated protective effects against ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin damage through several mechanisms of action, for example, decrease of reactive oxygen species production, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase expression, and induction of phase 2 enzymes. SFN used as a protective agent against UV damage is a whole new matter, and it seems to be a very promising ingredient in upcoming anti-aging drugs and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohely Sikdar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioanalytique, Toxicologie et Chimie Physique Appliquée, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Papadopoulou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioanalytique, Toxicologie et Chimie Physique Appliquée, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Dubois
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioanalytique, Toxicologie et Chimie Physique Appliquée, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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De Bona KS, Bonfanti G, Bitencourt PER, da Silva TP, Borges RM, Boligon A, Pigatto A, Athayde ML, Moretto MB. Protective effect of gallic acid and Syzygium cumini extract against oxidative stress-induced cellular injury in human lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:256-63. [PMID: 26364973 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1084631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Syzygium cumini (Myrtaceae) presents antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and antibacterial effects; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action in the immune system are not yet completely elucidated. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the in vitro effect of gallic acid and aqueous S. cumini leaf extract (ASc) on adenosine deaminase (ADA) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activities, cell viability and oxidative stress parameters in lymphocytes exposed to 2, 2'-azobis-2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride (AAPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Lymphocytes were incubated with ASc (100 and 500 µg/ml) and gallic acid (50 and 200 µM) at 37 °C for 30 min followed by incubation with AAPH (1 mM) at 37 °C for 2 h. After the incubation time, the lymphocytes were used for determinations of ADA, DPP-IV and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, lipid peroxidation, protein thiol (P-SH) group levels and cellular viability by colorimetric methods. RESULTS (i) HPLC fingerprinting of ASc revealed the presence of catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol and chlorogenic, caffeic, gallic and ellagic acids; (ii) for the first time, ASc reduced the AAPH-induced increase in ADA activity, but no effect was observed on DPP-IV activity; (iii) ASc increased P-SH groups and cellular viability and decreased LDH activity, but was not able to reduce the AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation; (iv) gallic acid showed less protective effects than ASc. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ASc affects the purinergic system and may modulate adenosine levels, indicating that the extract of this plant exhibits immunomodulatory properties. ASc also may potentially prevent the cellular injury induced by oxidative stress, highlighting its cytoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Santos De Bona
- a Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bonfanti
- a Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Thainan Paz da Silva
- b Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFSM , Santa Maria , Brazil , and
| | | | - Aline Boligon
- b Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFSM , Santa Maria , Brazil , and
| | - Aline Pigatto
- c Franciscan University Center, UNIFRA , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Maria Beatriz Moretto
- a Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Toxicology Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , RS , Brazil .,b Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, UFSM , Santa Maria , Brazil , and
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Abe M, Maruyama N, Oikawa O, Maruyama T, Okada K, Soma M. Urinary ACE2 is associated with urinary L-FABP and albuminuria in patients with chronic kidney disease. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2015; 75:421-7. [PMID: 26067610 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2015.1054871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is expressed in the kidney and may be a renoprotective enzyme since it converts angiotensin (Ang) II to Ang-(1-7). In addition, ACE2 has been detected in urine from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to determine the urinary ACE2 levels in patients with various stages of CKD and to identify the factors associated with the presence of ACE2. METHODS We assessed 152 patients with CKD stage G1-G4. The patients were classified according to the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (DM group, n = 72; non-DM group, n = 80) and according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD stage G1/2 group, n = 40; CKD stage G3 group, n = 74; and CKD stage G4 group, n = 38). Parameters were urinary ACE2, urinary albumin/ creatinine ratio (UACR), urinary liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), estimated glomerular filtration rate, and other factors determined to be associated with elevated urinary ACE2. RESULTS Urinary ACE2 was significantly higher in patients with diabetes (p = 0.01) and in patients with CKD stage G4 compared with stages G1-G3 (p < 0.0001). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that urinary L-FABP and UACR were significantly associated with urinary ACE2 levels, indicating that urinary ACE2 is increased in patients with diabetes and advanced stage CKD. CONCLUSION ACE2 might continuously protect from both glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury during CKD progression. Taken together, urinary ACE2 might be a marker of kidney renin-angiotensin system activation in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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Moreli JB, Santos JH, Rocha CR, Damasceno DC, Morceli G, Rudge MV, Bevilacqua E, Calderon IMP. DNA damage and its cellular response in mother and fetus exposed to hyperglycemic environment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:676758. [PMID: 25197655 PMCID: PMC4147359 DOI: 10.1155/2014/676758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in pathogenesis of diabetic complications. ROS are generated by exogenous and endogenous factors such as during hyperglycemia. When ROS production exceeds the detoxification and scavenging capacity of the cell, oxidative stress ensues. Oxidative stress induces DNA damage and when DNA damage exceeds the cellular capacity to repair it, the accumulation of errors can overwhelm the cell resulting in cell death or fixation of genome mutations that can be transmitted to future cell generations. These mutations can lead to and/or play a role in cancer development. This review aims at (i) understanding the types and consequences of DNA damage during hyperglycemic pregnancy; (ii) identifying the biological role of DNA repair during pregnancy, and (iii) proposing clinical interventions to maintain genome integrity. While hyperglycemia can damage the maternal genetic material, the impact of hyperglycemia on fetal cells is still unclear. DNA repair mechanisms may be important to prevent the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia both in mother and in fetus DNA and, as such, prevent the development of diseases in adulthood. Hence, in clinical practice, maternal glycemic control may represent an important point of intervention to prevent the deleterious effects of maternal hyperglycemia to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jusciele Brogin Moreli
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Janine Hertzog Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NC, USA
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Cristina Damasceno
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Glilciane Morceli
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Marilza Vieira Rudge
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP, Brazil
| | - Estela Bevilacqua
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iracema Mattos Paranhos Calderon
- Graduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Distrito de Rubião Jr. s/n, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Donmez-Altuntas H, Sahin F, Bayram F, Bitgen N, Mert M, Guclu K, Hamurcu Z, Arıbas S, Gundogan K, Diri H. Evaluation of chromosomal damage, cytostasis, cytotoxicity, oxidative DNA damage and their association with body-mass index in obese subjects. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 771:30-6. [PMID: 25308439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over-weight and obesity are serious problems that increase the risk not only for chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease but also of various types of cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN-cyt) assay parameters and plasma concentrations of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and their relationship with age, body-mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in 83 obese, 21 over-weight and 21 normal-weight subjects. Frequencies of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), nuclear buds (NBUD), and apoptotic and necrotic cells in lymphocytes of obese subjects were found to be significantly higher than those found in normal-weight and over-weight subjects (p<0.01 and p<0.05), whereas plasma concentrations of 8-OHdG in obese subjects were lower than those observed in normal-weight and over-weight subjects (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). There was a negative correlation between age and frequency of necrotic cells and NDI (p<0.05), whereas there was no correlation between BMI, WHR, CBMN cyt assay parameters and plasma 8-OHdG in normal-weight subjects. In over-weight subjects, a negative correlation was observed between age and NDI (p<0.01) and a positive correlation between age and frequency of NPB (p<0.01) and between BMI and frequency of NBUD (p<0.05). In obese subjects, a negative correlation was observed between age and NDI (p<0.01) and between BMI and NDI (p<0.05), whereas no correlation was observed between WHR and CBMN-cyt assay parameters and plasma 8-OHdG. However, frequencies of MN, NPB, NBUD, apoptotic and necrotic cells in total over-weight/obese (p<0.01/p<0.05) and all subjects (p<0.01) increased with increasing BMI. The increase in genomic damage (MN, NPB and NBUD) in obese subjects and the positive correlation between genomic damage and BMI in total over-weight/obese subjects indicate that obesity increases genomic damage and may be associated with an increased risk of cancer, because an increase in MN frequency is a predictor of cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Sahin
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fahri Bayram
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nazmiye Bitgen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Meral Mert
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kenan Guclu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sülbiye Arıbas
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kursat Gundogan
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Halit Diri
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Francescato MP, Stel G, Geat M, Cauci S. Oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: is it affected by a single bout of prolonged exercise? PLoS One 2014; 9:e99062. [PMID: 24905823 PMCID: PMC4048225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, no clear-cut guidelines are available to suggest the more appropriate physical activity for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus due to paucity of experimental data obtained under patients' usual life conditions. Accordingly, we explored the oxidative stress levels associated with a prolonged moderate intensity, but fatiguing, exercise performed under usual therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and matched healthy controls. Eight patients (4 men, 4 women; 49±11 years; Body Mass Index 25.0±3.2 kg·m−2; HbA1c 57±10 mmol·mol−1) and 14 controls (8 men, 6 women; 47±11 years; Body Mass Index 24.3±3.3 kg·m−2) performed a 3-h walk at 30% of their heart rate reserve. Venous blood samples were obtained before and at the end of the exercise for clinical chemistry analysis and antioxidant capacity. Capillary blood samples were taken at the start and thereafter every 30 min to determine lipid peroxidation. Patients showed higher oxidative stress values as compared to controls (95.9±9.7 vs. 74.1±12.2 mg·L−1 H2O2; p<0.001). In both groups, oxidative stress remained constant throughout the exercise (p = NS), while oxidative defence increased significantly at the end of exercise (p<0.02) from 1.16±0.13 to 1.19±0.10 mmol·L−1 Trolox in patients and from 1.09±0.21 to 1.22±0.14 mmol·L−1 Trolox in controls, without any significant difference between the two groups. Oxidative stress was positively correlated to HbA1c (p<0.005) and negatively related with uric acid (p<0.005). In conclusion, we were the first to evaluate the oxidative stress in patients with type 1 diabetes exercising under their usual life conditions (i.e. usual therapy and diet). Specifically, we found that the oxidative stress was not exacerbated due to a single bout of prolonged moderate intensity aerobic exercise, a condition simulating several outdoor leisure time physical activities. Oxidative defence increased in both patients and controls, suggesting beneficial effects of prolonged aerobic fatiguing exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Francescato
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giuliana Stel
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Geat
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sabina Cauci
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Witczak M, Ferenc T, Gulczyńska E, Nowakowska D, Łopaczyńska D, Wilczyński J. Elevated frequencies of micronuclei in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in their newborns. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 763:12-7. [PMID: 24561380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregestational diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2) affects about 1% of the obstetric population. In diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia can be a source of DNA damage via overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test, we measured the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) per 1000 binucleated (BN) cells in pregnant women (mothers) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and in their newborns. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from 17 pregnant women with T1DM and cord-blood lymphocytes from their 17 newborns. The control group included 40 pregnant women (mothers) without diabetes mellitus (DM) and their 40 newborns. In the group of pregnant women with T1DM, the mean number of MN per 1000 BN cells was 2.35 (±1.07), significantly (p<0.001) higher than in the control group of pregnant women (0.86±0.90). The frequency value in the group of newborns of T1DM mothers was 1.42 (±0.60), significantly (p<0.05) higher than in the corresponding control group (0.67±0.79). The value in the group of mothers with T1DM was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in their newborns. Comparing mothers without DM with their newborns, no significant frequency differences were observed. No significant correlations were observed between MN frequencies in mothers with T1DM and either the frequencies in their newborns, the duration of diabetes, or HbA1C levels. Our results indicate that T1DM is accompanied by increased frequencies of MN in pregnant women and their newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Witczak
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland(4).
| | - Tomasz Ferenc
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland(4).
| | - Ewa Gulczyńska
- Department of Neonatology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, ul. Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland(5).
| | - Dorota Nowakowska
- Feto-Maternal and Gynecology Department, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland(6).
| | - Dobrosława Łopaczyńska
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Pl. Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland(4).
| | - Jan Wilczyński
- Feto-Maternal and Gynecology Department, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338 Lodz, Poland(6).
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Novelli M, Canistro D, Martano M, Funel N, Sapone A, Melega S, Masini M, De Tata V, Pippa A, Vecoli C, Campani D, De Siena R, Soleti A, Paolini M, Masiello P. Anti-diabetic properties of a non-conventional radical scavenger, as compared to pioglitazone and exendin-4, in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 729:37-44. [PMID: 24530416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that the innovative radical scavenger bis(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-decandioate (IAC) improves metabolic dysfunctions in a diabetic mouse model. Here, we compared the in vivo effects of IAC with those of the anti-diabetic drugs pioglitazone (PIO) and exendin-4 (EX-4). Diabetes was induced in C57Bl/6J mice by streptozotocin and nicotinamide administration. Paralleled by healthy controls, diabetic animals (D) were randomly assigned to four groups and treated daily for 7 consecutive weeks: D+saline, ip; D+IAC 30mg/kgb.w., ip; D+PIO 10mg/kgb.w. per os; and D+EX-4, 50μg/kgb.w., ip. Our results show that IAC reduced basal hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance better than PIO or EX-4. Interestingly, in the heart of diabetic mice, IAC treatment normalized the increased levels of GSSG/GSH ratio and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, indexes of oxidative stress and damage, while PIO and EX-4 were less effective. As supported by immunohistochemical data, IAC markedly prevented diabetic islet β-cell reduced density, differently from PIO and EX-4 that had only a moderate effect. Interestingly, in diabetic animals, IAC treatment enhanced the activity of pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), an oxidative stress-sensitive transcription factor essential for maintenance of β-cell function, as evaluated by quantification of its nuclear immunostaining, whereas PIO or EX-4 treatments did not. Altogether, these observations support the improvement of the general redox balance and β-cell function induced by IAC treatment in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic mice. Furthermore, in this model, the correction of diabetic alterations was better obtained by treatment with the radical scavenger IAC than with pioglitazone or exendin-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Niccola Funel
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Sapone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Melega
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Masini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Tata
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Pippa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Campani
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular, and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Moreno Paolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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MicroRNA expression profiling and functional annotation analysis of their targets in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Gene 2014; 539:213-23. [PMID: 24530307 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from an autoimmune attack against the insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, leading to elimination of insulin production. The exact cause of this disorder is still unclear. Although the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner, has been identified in many diseases, including T1DM, only scarce information exists concerning miRNA expression profile in T1DM. Thus, we employed the microarray technology to examine the miRNA expression profiles displayed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from T1DM patients compared with healthy subjects. Total RNA extracted from PBMCs from 11 T1DM patients and nine healthy subjects was hybridized onto Agilent human miRNA microarray slides (V3), 8x15K, and expression data were analyzed on R statistical environment. After applying the rank products statistical test, the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were calculated. To examine the functions of the differentially expressed (p-value<0.01, percentage of false-positives <0.05) miRNAs that passed the AUC cutoff value ≥ 0.90, the database miRWalk was used to predict their potential targets, which were afterwards submitted to the functional annotation tool provided by the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), version 6.7, using annotations from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. We found 57 probes, corresponding to 44 different miRNAs (35 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated), that were differentially expressed in T1DM and passed the AUC threshold of 0.90. The hierarchical clustering analysis indicated the discriminatory power of those miRNAs, since they were able to clearly distinguish T1DM patients from healthy individuals. Target prediction indicated that 47 candidate genes for T1DM are potentially regulated by the differentially expressed miRNAs. After performing functional annotation analysis of the predicted targets, we observed 22 and 12 annotated KEGG pathways for the induced and repressed miRNAs, respectively. Interestingly, many pathways were enriched for the targets of both up- and down-regulated miRNAs and the majority of those pathways have been previously associated with T1DM, including many cancer-related pathways. In conclusion, our study indicated miRNAs that may be potential biomarkers of T1DM as well as provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in this disorder.
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Lin CC, Huang HH, Hu CW, Chen BH, Chong IW, Chao YY, Huang YL. Trace elements, oxidative stress and glycemic control in young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2014; 28:18-22. [PMID: 24315963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements and oxidative stress are associated with glycemic control and diabetic complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we analyzed the levels of serum copper, zinc, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and urinary MDA and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in 33 type 1 diabetic patients with optimal and suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1C<9.0%) and 40 patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1C≥9%) and 27 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic controls to evaluate the differences between these markers in different glycemic control states. Diabetic patients, especially poor-glycemic-control subjects (HbA1C≥9%), exhibited significantly lower levels of serum zinc and increased levels of serum copper (and, therefore, increased serum copper-to-zinc ratios), serum SOD, blood MDA, and urinary MDA and 8-OHdG, relative to non-diabetic subjects. Furthermore, significant correlations existed in these patients between the serum copper, serum copper-to-zinc ratio, and urinary MDA (all p<0.001) and the levels of urinary 8-OHdG (p=0.007) and HbA1C. Our results suggest that high serum copper levels and oxidative stress correlate with glycemic control. Therefore, strict glycemic control, decreased oxidative stress, and a lower copper concentration might prevent diabetic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chiang Lin
- Community Healthcare Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hua Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Hsiun Chen
- School and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Chao
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Lih Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Rafiq K, Sherajee SJ, Hitomi H, Nakano D, Kobori H, Ohmori K, Mori H, Kobara H, Masaki T, Kohno M, Nishiyama A. Calcium channel blocker enhances beneficial effects of an angiotensin II AT1 receptor blocker against cerebrovascular-renal injury in type 2 diabetic mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82082. [PMID: 24339994 PMCID: PMC3858271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that combination therapy with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors plus calcium channel blockers (CCBs) elicits beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal events in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks. In the present study, we hypothesized that CCB enhances the protective effects of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) against diabetic cerebrovascular-renal injury. Saline-drinking type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice developed hypertension and exhibited impaired cognitive function, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, albuminuria, glomerular sclerosis and podocyte injury. These brain and renal injuries were associated with increased gene expression of NADPH oxidase components, NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress in brain and kidney tissues as well as systemic oxidative stress. Treatment with the ARB, olmesartan (10 mg/kg/day) reduced blood pressure in saline-drinking KK-Ay mice and attenuated cognitive decline, BBB disruption, glomerular injury and albuminuria, which were associated with a reduction of NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress in brain and kidney tissues as well as systemic oxidative stress. Furthermore, a suppressive dose of azelnidipine (3 mg/kg/day) exaggerated these beneficial effects of olmesartan. These data support the hypothesis that a CCB enhances ARB-associated cerebrovascular-renal protective effects through suppression of NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Rafiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
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Milić M, Kišan M, Rogulj D, Radman M, Lovrenčić MV, Konjevoda P, Domijan AM. Level of primary DNA damage in the early stage of metabolic syndrome. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 758:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in non-obese type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 37:1345-53. [PMID: 24254933 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus and its complications have been attributed in part to oxidative stress, against which antioxidant enzymes constitute a major protective mechanism. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of early stage type 2 diabetes in the absence of obesity and liver damage on hepatic antioxidant enzyme expression and oxidative stress using 9-week-old Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Hepatic total antioxidant capacity determined by total oxygen radical scavenging capacity and lipid peroxidation determined by malondialdehyde in plasma and liver were not significantly different between normal Wistar rats and GK rats. These results indicated that oxidative stress is not evident in these type 2 diabetic rats. Hepatic expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase-1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, thioredoxin-1, mu- and pi-class glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit, were not different between normal rats and GK rats. But, hepatic level and activity of alpha-class GST were decreased and peroxiredoxin-1 level was increased in GK rats, suggesting that upregulation of peroxiredoxin-1 compensates for downregulation of alpha-class GST. These results suggest that alpha-class GST and peroxiredoxin-1 in liver can be altered during the early stages of type 2 diabetes in the absence of obesity and severe oxidative stress.
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Dias IHK, Griffiths HR. Oxidative stress in diabetes - circulating advanced glycation end products, lipid oxidation and vascular disease. Ann Clin Biochem 2013; 51:125-7. [PMID: 24146184 DOI: 10.1177/0004563213508747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irundika H K Dias
- Life and Health Sciences, Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Current methods in quantifying ROS and oxidative damage in Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organism of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:918-30. [PMID: 24080227 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidative damage has been proposed to be causal to aging as defined by the Free radical Theory of Aging, which has been subject to recent debate. However, a major hurdle in understanding the biological roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling and their oxidative damage has been the widely recognized methodological difficulties to measure oxidative damage and ROS in vivo. In this review we describe the various novel approaches that have recently been developed to overcome this challenge in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is a paradigm invertebrate model organism for studying aging and age-related disease given its short lifespan, easy genetics and transparency. In addition, we also discuss these methods in other important model organisms of aging, including the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster and the mouse Mus musculus. After an introduction on the various ROS that can be encountered, we discuss approaches for the detection and quantification of ROS and ROS damage of DNA, lipids and proteins, highlighting examples from literature to demonstrate the applicability and caveats of each method. As will become clear, combinations of approaches have now become possible and will prove essential for thoroughly understanding the involvement of ROS and ROS damage in the biology of aging and disease.
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Oxidative damage associated with obesity is prevented by overexpression of CuZn- or Mn-superoxide dismutase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:78-83. [PMID: 23872067 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of insulin resistance is the primary step in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are several risk factors associated with insulin resistance, yet the basic biological mechanisms that promote its development are still unclear. There is growing literature that suggests mitochondrial dysfunction and/or oxidative stress play prominent roles in defects in glucose metabolism. Here, we tested whether increased expression of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (Sod1) or Mn-superoxide dismutase (Sod2) prevented obesity-induced changes in oxidative stress and metabolism. Both Sod1 and Sod2 overexpressing mice were protected from high fat diet-induced glucose intolerance. Lipid oxidation (F2-isoprostanes) was significantly increased in muscle and adipose with high fat feeding. Mice with increased expression of either Sod1 or Sod2 showed a significant reduction in this oxidative damage. Surprisingly, mitochondria from the muscle of high fat diet-fed mice showed no significant alteration in function. Together, our data suggest that targeting reduced oxidative damage in general may be a more applicable therapeutic target to prevent insulin resistance than is improving mitochondrial function.
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Salmon AB. Oxidative stress in the etiology of age-associated decline in glucose metabolism. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2012; 1:7. [PMID: 24764512 PMCID: PMC3922939 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common pathologies in aging humans is the development of glucose metabolism dysfunction. The high incidence of metabolic dysfunction, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus, is a significant health and economic burden on the aging population. However, the mechanisms that regulate this age-related physiological decline, and thus potential preventative treatments, remain elusive. Even after accounting for age-related changes in adiposity, lean mass, blood lipids, etc., aging is an independent factor for reduced glucose tolerance and increased insulin resistance. Oxidative stress has been shown to have significant detrimental impacts on the regulation of glucose homeostasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, oxidative stress has been shown to be modulated by age and diet in several model systems. This review provides an overview of these data and addresses whether increases in oxidative stress with aging may be a primary determinant of age-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Salmon
- The Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA ; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, MSC 7755, San Antonio, TX, 78245-3207, USA
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Lazalde-Ramos BP, Zamora-Perez AL, Sosa-Macías M, Guerrero-Velázquez C, Zúñiga-González GM. DNA and oxidative damages decrease after ingestion of folic acid in patients with type 2 diabetes. Arch Med Res 2012; 43:476-81. [PMID: 22964462 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic degenerative disease that promotes autoxidation of sugars, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species. This damage occurs especially at the level of cellular proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and DNA, thus playing an important role in the pathogenesis of late complications of T2DM. We investigated the effect of folic acid on DNA and oxidative damage in patients with T2DM. METHODS We studied 30 individuals diagnosed with T2DM and 30 control individuals without disease. Individuals with T2DM were prescribed 5 mg of folic acid, taken orally three times daily for 1 month. Samples were taken 15 and 30 days after treatment. DNA damage was determined using the micronucleus test in oral mucosa and oxidative stress by quantifying 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as well as by quantifying total lipid peroxides. RESULTS Individuals with T2DM had a higher number of micronuclei as well as higher levels of 8-OHdG and lipid peroxides than the control group (p = 0.001). Individuals with T2DM showed a significant reduction in the number of micronuclei and the concentration of 8-OHdG and lipid peroxides over time with folic acid intake. CONCLUSIONS A positive correlation exists between oxidative stress produced by T2DM and DNA damage, so the use of an antioxidant such as folic acid in DM2 therapy is advisable for delaying complications due to T2DM-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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Abe M, Maruyama N, Suzuki H, Fujii Y, Ito M, Yoshida Y, Okada K, Soma M. Additive renoprotective effects of aliskiren on angiotensin receptor blocker and calcium channel blocker treatments for type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:874-81. [PMID: 22592665 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This open-label, randomized, parallel-controlled study investigated the effects of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren on 64 hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and stable glycemic control who were already being treated with fixed doses of antihypertensive agents over a 24-week period. These agents were 80 mg of the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) telmisartan and 5 mg of the calcium channel blocker (CCB) amlodipine. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the aliskiren group, receiving 150 mg per day aliskiren, which was increased to 300 mg per day (n=32), and the CCB group, which received an increased dose (7.5 mg per day) of amlodipine that was increased to 10 mg per day (n=32). Urinary albumin excretion and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) were investigated in each group. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at the end of the study. Serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate did not differ significantly between the two groups, but percent changes of urinary albumin/creatinine ratios, 8-OHdG and L-FABP levels decreased significantly in the aliskiren group compared with the CCB group. Plasma aldosterone levels were significantly decreased in the aliskiren group, which correlated significantly with those of urinary 8-OHdG and L-FABP. Our results suggest that the addition of aliskiren to the maximal recommended dose of ARB and usual dose of amlodipine is more effective in reducing albuminuria and oxidant stress in hypertensive diabetic patients with CKD than increasing the dose of amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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High-Glucose and S100B Stimulate Glutamate Uptake in C6 Glioma Cells. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:1399-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-012-0722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Influence of Punica granatum L. on region specific responses in rat brain during Alloxan-Induced diabetes. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Hulmi JJ, Silvennoinen M, Lehti M, Kivelä R, Kainulainen H. Altered REDD1, myostatin, and Akt/mTOR/FoxO/MAPK signaling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E307-15. [PMID: 22068602 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00398.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes, if poorly controlled, leads to skeletal muscle atrophy, decreasing the quality of life. We aimed to search highly responsive genes in diabetic muscle atrophy in a common diabetes model and to further characterize associated signaling pathways. Mice were killed 1, 3, or 5 wk after streptozotocin or control. Gene expression of calf muscles was analyzed using microarray and protein signaling with Western blotting. We identified translational repressor protein REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage responses) that increased seven- to eightfold and was associated with muscle atrophy in diabetes. The diabetes-induced increase in REDD1 was confirmed at the protein level. This result was accompanied by the increased gene expression of DNA damage/repair pathways and decreased expression in ATP production pathways. Concomitantly, increased phosphorylation of AMPK and dephosphorylation of the Akt/mTOR/S6K1/FoxO pathway of proteins were observed together with increased protein ubiquitination. These changes were especially evident during the first 3 wk, along with the strong decrease in muscle mass. Diabetes also induced an increase in myostatin protein and decreased MAPK signaling. These, together with decreased serum insulin and increased serum glucose, remained altered throughout the 5-wk period. In conclusion, diabetic myopathy induced by streptozotocin led to alteration of multiple signaling pathways. Of those, increased REDD1 and myostatin together with decreased Akt/mTOR/FoxO signaling are associated with diabetic muscle atrophy. The increased REDD1 and decreased Akt/mTOR/FoxO signaling followed a similar time course and thus may be explained, in part, by increased expression of genes in DNA damage/repair and possibly also decrease in ATP-production pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha J Hulmi
- Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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