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Radojkovic DB, Pesic M, Radojkovic M, Vukelic Nikolic M, Jevtovic Stoimenov T, Radenkovic S, Ciric V, Basic D, Radjenovic Petkovic T. Significance of Duodenal Prolactin Receptor Modulation by Calcium and Vitamin D in Sulpiride-Induced Hyperprolactinemia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:942. [PMID: 38929559 PMCID: PMC11205369 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Hyperprolactinemia, as a potential side-effect of some antipsychotic medications, is associated with decreased bone density and an increased risk of fractures. This study investigates whether calcium and vitamin D supplementation affects prolactin receptor (Prlr) gene expression in the duodenum, vertebrae, and kidneys of female rats with sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one-week-old female Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: Group S consisted of ten rats who received sulpiride injections (10 mg/kg) twice daily for 6 weeks; Group D (10 rats) received daily supplementation of 50 mg calcium and 500 IU vitamin D along with sulpiride for the last 3 weeks; and Group C consisting of seven age-matched nulliparous rats serving as a control group. Real-time PCR was used to assess Prlr gene expression in the duodenum, vertebrae, and kidneys. Results: In Group S, Prlr gene expression was notably decreased in the duodenum (p < 0.01) but elevated in the vertebrae and kidneys compared to Group C. Conversely, Group D exhibited significantly increased Prlr expression in the duodenum (p < 0.01) alongside elevated expression in the vertebrae and kidneys. Conclusions: In sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia, decreased Prlr gene expression in the duodenum may lead to reduced intestinal calcium absorption. Consequently, prolactin may draw calcium from the skeletal system to maintain calcium balance, facilitated by increased Prlr gene expression in the vertebrae. However, vitamin D supplementation in sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinemia notably enhances Prlr gene expression in the duodenum, potentially ameliorating intestinal calcium absorption and mitigating adverse effects on bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Branislav Radojkovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.V.N.); (T.J.S.); (S.R.); (V.C.)
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Clinical Center Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Milica Pesic
- Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.V.N.); (T.J.S.); (S.R.); (V.C.)
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Clinical Center Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Milan Radojkovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.V.N.); (T.J.S.); (S.R.); (V.C.)
- Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Center Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Marija Vukelic Nikolic
- Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.V.N.); (T.J.S.); (S.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Tatjana Jevtovic Stoimenov
- Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.V.N.); (T.J.S.); (S.R.); (V.C.)
| | - Sasa Radenkovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.V.N.); (T.J.S.); (S.R.); (V.C.)
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Clinical Center Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Ciric
- Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia; (M.P.); (M.R.); (M.V.N.); (T.J.S.); (S.R.); (V.C.)
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Clinical Center Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Dijana Basic
- Psychiatry Clinic, University Clinical Center Nis, Blvd. Dr Zoran Djindjic 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia;
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Vaisbich MH, de Cillo ACP, Silva BCC, DÁlva CB, de Carvalho ÉH, de Almeida JMCM, Marques LLM, Ribeiro M, da Silva MBM, de Medeiros PFV, Mendes PH. Real-world data of Brazilian adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) treated with burosumab and comparison with other worldwide cohorts. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2387. [PMID: 38337160 PMCID: PMC10858313 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disease-related variants in PHEX cause XLH by an increase of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) circulating levels, resulting in hypophosphatemia and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D deficiency. XLH manifests in early life with rickets and persists in adulthood with osseous and extraosseous manifestations. Conventional therapy (oral phosphate and calcitriol) improves some symptoms, but evidence show that it is not completely effective, and it can lead to nephrocalcinosis (NC) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Burosumab (anti-FGF23 antibody) has shown to be effective and safety in the clinical trials. METHODS The current real-world collaborative study evaluated genetic, clinical and laboratory data of XLH Brazilian adult patients treated with burosumab. RESULTS Nineteen unrelated patients were studied. Patients reported pain, limb deformities and claudication, before burosumab initiation. 78% of them were previously treated with conventional therapy. The severity of the disease was moderate to severe (15 patients with score >5). At the baseline, 3 patients presented NC (16.7%) and 12 HPT (63%). After 16 ± 8.4 months under burosumab, we observed a significant: increase in stature (p = 0.02), in serum phosphate from 1.90 ± 0.43 to 2.67 ± 0.52 mg/dL (p = 0.02); in TmP/GFR from 1.30 ± 0.46 to 2.27 ± 0.64 mg/dL (p = 0.0001), in 1,25 (OH)2 D from 50.5 ± 23.3 to 71.1 ± 19.1 pg/mL (p = 0.03), and a decrease in iPTH from 86.8 ± 37.4 pg/mL to 66.5 ± 31.1 (p = 0.002). Nineteen variants were found (10 novel). HPT tended to develop in patients with truncated PHEX variants (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the efficacy and safety of burosumab on XLH adult patients observed in clinical trials. Additionally, we observed a decrease in iPTH levels in patients with moderate to severe HPT at the baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bárbara Campolina C. Silva
- Hospital Felício Rocho, Osteometabolism Unit of Santa Casa de Belo HorizonteProfessor of Medicine at University Center of Belo Horizonte – UNIBHBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Érico Higino de Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Integrada Professor Fernado Figueira, recifeFederal University of PernambucoRecifeBrazil
| | | | | | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Genetic Unit of Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Munir A, Reseland JE, Tiainen H, Haugen HJ, Sikorski P, Christiansen EF, Reinholt FP, Syversen U, Solberg LB. Osteocyte-Like Cells Differentiated From Primary Osteoblasts in an Artificial Human Bone Tissue Model. JBMR Plus 2023; 7:e10792. [PMID: 37701151 PMCID: PMC10494512 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of primary human osteocytes embedded in natural mineralized matrix without artificial scaffolds are lacking. We have established cell culture conditions that favored the natural 3D orientation of the bone cells and stimulated the cascade of signaling needed for primary human osteoblasts to differentiate into osteocytes with the characteristically phenotypical dendritic network between cells. Primary human osteoblasts cultured in a 3D rotating bioreactor and incubated with a combination of vitamins A, C, and D for up to 21 days produced osteospheres resembling native bone. Osteocyte-like cells were identified as entrapped, stellate-shaped cells interconnected through canaliculi embedded in a structured, mineralized, collagen matrix. These cells expressed late osteoblast and osteocyte markers such as osteocalcin (OCN), podoplanin (E11), dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1), and sclerostin (SOST). Organized collagen fibrils, observed associated with the cell hydroxyapatite (HAp) crystals, were found throughout the spheroid and in between the collagen fibrils. In addition to osteocyte-like cells, the spheroids consisted of osteoblasts at various differentiation stages surrounded by a rim of cells resembling lining cells. This resemblance to native bone indicates a model system with potential for studying osteocyte-like cell differentiation, cross-talk between bone cells, and the mineralization process in a bonelike structure in vitro without artificial scaffolds. In addition, natural extracellular matrix may allow for the study of tissue-specific biochemical, biophysical, and mechanical properties. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooj Munir
- Department of BiomaterialsInstitute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Janne Elin Reseland
- Department of BiomaterialsInstitute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Hanna Tiainen
- Department of BiomaterialsInstitute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of BiomaterialsInstitute of Clinical Dentistry, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of PhysicsNorwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)TrondheimNorway
| | | | | | - Unni Syversen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Lene Bergendal Solberg
- Department of PathologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Division of Orthopedic SurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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Vitamin D and Bone: A Story of Endocrine and Auto/Paracrine Action in Osteoblasts. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030480. [PMID: 36771187 PMCID: PMC9919888 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its rigid structure, the bone is a dynamic organ, and is highly regulated by endocrine factors. One of the major bone regulatory hormones is vitamin D. Its renal metabolite 1α,25-OH2D3 has both direct and indirect effects on the maintenance of bone structure in health and disease. In this review, we describe the underlying processes that are directed by bone-forming cells, the osteoblasts. During the bone formation process, osteoblasts undergo different stages which play a central role in the signaling pathways that are activated via the vitamin D receptor. Vitamin D is involved in directing the osteoblasts towards proliferation or apoptosis, regulates their differentiation to bone matrix producing cells, and controls the subsequent mineralization of the bone matrix. The stage of differentiation/mineralization in osteoblasts is important for the vitamin D effect on gene transcription and the cellular response, and many genes are uniquely regulated either before or during mineralization. Moreover, osteoblasts contain the complete machinery to metabolize active 1α,25-OH2D3 to ensure a direct local effect. The enzyme 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) that synthesizes the active 1α,25-OH2D3 metabolite is functional in osteoblasts, as well as the enzyme 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) that degrades 1α,25-OH2D3. This shows that in the past 100 years of vitamin D research, 1α,25-OH2D3 has evolved from an endocrine regulator into an autocrine/paracrine regulator of osteoblasts and bone formation.
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Kritmetapak K, Kumar R. Phosphatonins: From Discovery to Therapeutics. Endocr Pract 2023; 29:69-79. [PMID: 36210014 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phosphate is crucial for cell signaling, energy metabolism, nucleotide synthesis, and bone mineralization. The gut-bone-parathyroid-kidney axis is influenced by parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and phosphatonins, especially fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). These hormones facilitate maintenance of phosphate homeostasis. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the phosphate homeostasis, phosphatonin pathophysiology, and clinical implications of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders, with specific focus on burosumab treatment. METHOD A focused literature search of PubMed was conducted. RESULTS Phosphatonins including FGF23, secreted frizzled-related protein 4, matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, and fibroblast growth factor 7 play a pathogenic role in several hypophosphatemic disorders. Excess FGF23 inhibits sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporters (NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c), resulting in hyperphosphaturia and hypophosphatemia. Additionally, FGF23 suppresses 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis in the proximal renal tubule, and thus, it indirectly inhibits intestinal phosphate absorption. Disorders of FGF23-related hypophosphatemia include X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets, fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome, and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). Complications of conventional therapy with oral phosphate and vitamin D analogs comprise gastrointestinal distress, hypercalcemia, nephrocalcinosis, and secondary/tertiary hyperparathyroidism. In both children and adults with XLH and TIO, the anti-FGF23 antibody burosumab exhibits a favorable safety profile and is associated with healing of rickets in affected children and improvement of osteomalacia in both children and adults. CONCLUSION The treatment paradigm for XLH and TIO is changing based on data from recent clinical trials. Research suggest that burosumab is effective and safe for pediatric and adult patients with XLH or TIO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Trombetti A, Al-Daghri N, Brandi ML, Cannata-Andía JB, Cavalier E, Chandran M, Chaussain C, Cipullo L, Cooper C, Haffner D, Harvengt P, Harvey NC, Javaid MK, Jiwa F, Kanis JA, Laslop A, Laurent MR, Linglart A, Marques A, Mindler GT, Minisola S, Yerro MCP, Rosa MM, Seefried L, Vlaskovska M, Zanchetta MB, Rizzoli R. Interdisciplinary management of FGF23-related phosphate wasting syndromes: a Consensus Statement on the evaluation, diagnosis and care of patients with X-linked hypophosphataemia. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:366-384. [PMID: 35484227 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphataemia (XLH) is the most frequent cause of hypophosphataemia-associated rickets of genetic origin and is associated with high levels of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). In addition to rickets and osteomalacia, patients with XLH have a heavy disease burden with enthesopathies, osteoarthritis, pseudofractures and dental complications, all of which contribute to reduced quality of life. This Consensus Statement presents the outcomes of a working group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases, and provides robust clinical evidence on management in XLH, with an emphasis on patients' experiences and needs. During growth, conventional treatment with phosphate supplements and active vitamin D metabolites (such as calcitriol) improves growth, ameliorates leg deformities and dental manifestations, and reduces pain. The continuation of conventional treatment in symptom-free adults is still debated. A novel therapeutic approach is the monoclonal anti-FGF23 antibody burosumab. Although promising, further studies are required to clarify its long-term efficacy, particularly in adults. Given the diversity of symptoms and complications, an interdisciplinary approach to management is of paramount importance. The focus of treatment should be not only on the physical manifestations and challenges associated with XLH and other FGF23-mediated hypophosphataemia syndromes, but also on the major psychological and social impact of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Trombetti
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nasser Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jorge B Cannata-Andía
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Retic REDinREN-RICORS, 2040-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liege, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Manju Chandran
- Complicated Metabolic Bone Disorders Clinic, Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université de Paris, Institut des maladies musculo-squelettiques, URP2496, UFR Odontologie, Montrouge, France
- AP-HP, FHU DDS-Net, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Calcium et du Phosphore, Service médecine bucco-dentaire, Hôpital Bretonneau, GH Paris Nord Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Cipullo
- Patient representative with XLH, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pol Harvengt
- XLH Belgium, Belgian association of patients with XLH (a member of the International XLH Alliance), Waterloo, Belgium
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Famida Jiwa
- Chair of the Committee of Patients Societies at the International Osteoporosis Foundation, Osteoporosis Canada, Toronto, Canada
| | - John A Kanis
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrea Laslop
- Scientific Office, Federal Office for Safety in Health Care, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaël R Laurent
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Paris-Saclay University, INSERM U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, endocrinology and diabetes for children, Reference centre for rare diseases of calcium and phosphate metabolism, OSCAR network, Platform of expertise for rare diseases of Paris Saclay Hospital, Bicêtre Paris Saclay Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Andréa Marques
- Rheumatology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICiSA:E), Nursing School of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriel T Mindler
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic Hospital Speising, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Salvatore Minisola
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anaesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, 'Sapienza', Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Miguel Rosa
- Departamento de Neurociências, Laboratório de Farmacologia Clínica E Terapêutica Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lothar Seefried
- Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mila Vlaskovska
- Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - María Belén Zanchetta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas (IDIM), Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Tabrizi R, Mohajerani H, Jafari S, Tümer MK. Does the serum level of vitamin D affect marginal bone loss around dental implants? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 51:832-836. [PMID: 34872836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is effective in bone healing. The aim of this study was to assess marginal bone loss (MBL) around dental implants in patients with sufficient and insufficient serum levels of vitamin D. This was a prospective cohort study with a pre-protocol population. Patients who underwent dental implantation in the first or second molar region and had a long-cone peri-apical digital radiograph taken at the time of loading and 12 months later were studied. Patients were assigned to one of three groups based on their serum vitamin D level: group 1, the serum level of vitamin D was deficient, group 2 insufficient, and group 3 sufficient. The marginal bone level change from immediately after loading to 12 months later was considered as MBL. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare MBL between the three groups. Ninety patients were included (30 in each group). The mean MBL was 1.38 ± 0.33 mm in group 1, 0.89 ± 0.16 mm in group 2, and 0.78 ± 0.12 mm in group 3. Analysis of the data demonstrated a significant difference in the mean MBL among the three groups (P < 0.001). There was a correlation between MBL and vitamin D serum levels (P < 0.001). It appears that a low serum level of vitamin D may be associated with increased MBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tabrizi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - H Mohajerani
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Jafari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M K Tümer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
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Mo S, Cui Y, Sun K, Wang H, Peng X, Ou L, Lei X, Huang M, Mei W, Xin L, He H, Peng B, Tian Y, Wang P, Li X, Zhang R, Zhu X. High sodium chloride affects BMP-7 and 1α-hydroxylase levels through NCC and CLC-5 in NRK-52E cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112762. [PMID: 34530263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A diet high in sodium chloride (NaCl) can affect renal function damage and increase urinary calcium excretion, leading to bone loss. in renal tubules, Na-Cl co-transporter (NCC) and chloride channel 5 (CLC-5) are involved in regulating urinary calcium excretion. In addition, some cytokines, such as Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) and 1α-hydroxylase, are synthesized by renal tubules, which target on bone and play important roles on bone metabolism. However, the specific mechanisms between NaCl and these ion channels or cytokines still need investigations from many aspects. This study, in culture normal rat renal tubular epithelial NRK-52E cells, showed that high concentrations of NaCl significantly inhibited the cell viability and increased the cell apoptosis. High concentration of NaCl reduce bone mineral density (BMD), as demonstrated by the significantly increased mRNA and protein levels of NCC and osteopontin (OPN), but decreased the levels of CLC-5, BMP-7, and 1α-hydroxylase. In addition, we found that ovariectomized (OVX) rats on a high-salt diet for 12 weeks had altered levels of these indices in the renal cortices. Moreover, the BMD in fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra (LV4 and 5) and femurs were significantly decreased and bone microstructure was destroyed of these rats. We also demonstrated that high concentration of NaCl enhanced the inhibition of these cytokines which is beneficial to increase BMD, induced by modulating ion channels NCC and CLC-5. In conclusion, our results indicate that high concentration of NaCl reduce BMD by regulating ion channels NCC and CLC-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, PR China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Kehuan Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Haixia Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Xunqian Peng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Ling Ou
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Lei
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Mengtian Huang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Wenhui Mei
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Ling Xin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Bojia Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Ya Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China
| | - Panpan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; Cancer research Institution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; Cancer research Institution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, PR China.
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Arnold A, Dennison E, Kovacs CS, Mannstadt M, Rizzoli R, Brandi ML, Clarke B, Thakker RV. Hormonal regulation of biomineralization. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2021; 17:261-275. [PMID: 33727709 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which organisms produce mineralized tissues. This crucial process makes possible the rigidity and flexibility that the skeleton needs for ambulation and protection of vital organs, and the hardness that teeth require to tear and grind food. The skeleton also serves as a source of mineral in times of short supply, and the intestines absorb and the kidneys reclaim or excrete minerals as needed. This Review focuses on physiological and pathological aspects of the hormonal regulation of biomineralization. We discuss the roles of calcium and inorganic phosphate, dietary intake of minerals and the delicate balance between activators and inhibitors of mineralization. We also highlight the importance of tight regulation of serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate, and the major regulators of biomineralization: parathyroid hormone (PTH), the vitamin D system, vitamin K, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and phosphatase enzymes. Finally, we summarize how developmental stresses in the fetus and neonate, and in the mother during pregnancy and lactation, invoke alternative hormonal regulatory pathways to control mineral delivery, skeletal metabolism and biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Arnold
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism and Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Elaine Dennison
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher S Kovacs
- Faculty of Medicine - Endocrinology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Michael Mannstadt
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Department of Biochemical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Bart Clarke
- Mayo Clinic Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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10
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Matrix Vesicles: Role in Bone Mineralization and Potential Use as Therapeutics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040289. [PMID: 33805145 PMCID: PMC8064082 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a complex organ maintained by three main cell types: osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. During bone formation, osteoblasts deposit a mineralized organic matrix. Evidence shows that bone cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs): nano-sized bilayer vesicles, which are involved in intercellular communication by delivering their cargoes through protein–ligand interactions or fusion to the plasma membrane of the recipient cell. Osteoblasts shed a subset of EVs known as matrix vesicles (MtVs), which contain phosphatases, calcium, and inorganic phosphate. These vesicles are believed to have a major role in matrix mineralization, and they feature bone-targeting and osteo-inductive properties. Understanding their contribution in bone formation and mineralization could help to target bone pathologies or bone regeneration using novel approaches such as stimulating MtV secretion in vivo, or the administration of in vitro or biomimetically produced MtVs. This review attempts to discuss the role of MtVs in biomineralization and their potential application for bone pathologies and bone regeneration.
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11
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Ziemińska M, Sieklucka B, Pawlak K. Vitamin K and D Supplementation and Bone Health in Chronic Kidney Disease-Apart or Together? Nutrients 2021; 13:809. [PMID: 33804453 PMCID: PMC7999920 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K (VK) and vitamin D (VD) deficiency/insufficiency is a common feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), leading to impaired bone quality and a higher risk of fractures. CKD patients, with disturbances in VK and VD metabolism, do not have sufficient levels of these vitamins for maintaining normal bone formation and mineralization. So far, there has been no consensus on what serum VK and VD levels can be considered sufficient in this particular population. Moreover, there are no clear guidelines how supplementation of these vitamins should be carried out in the course of CKD. Based on the existing results of preclinical studies and clinical evidence, this review intends to discuss the effect of VK and VD on bone remodeling in CKD. Although the mechanisms of action and the effects of these vitamins on bone are distinct, we try to find evidence for synergy between them in relation to bone metabolism, to answer the question of whether combined supplementation of VK and VD will be more beneficial for bone health in the CKD population than administering each of these vitamins separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ziemińska
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Sieklucka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
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12
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Eraslan Sahin M, Sahin E, Madendag Y, Col Madendag I, Karakukcu C, Acmaz G. Umbilical cord N-terminal procollagen of type l collagen (P1NP) and beta C-terminal telopeptide (βCTX) levels in term pregnancies with vitamin D deficiency. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:211-215. [PMID: 33034225 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1830967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate umbilical cord N-terminal procollagen of type l collagen (P1NP) and beta C-terminal telopeptide (βCTX) levels in term pregnancies with vitamin D deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-two pregnant women between 19 and 35-years-old who delivered at term gestational age were included in the study and divided into deficient (n = 32), insufficient (n = 30), and normal (control) vitamin D levels (n = 30). RESULTS Maternal demographic characteristics and biochemical parameters were similar among groups. The mean umbilical cord P1NP level was 221.4 (211.7-231.0, 95%CI) pg/mL in the vitamin D deficiency group, 282.5 (271.2-293.8, 95%CI) pg/mL in the vitamin D insufficiency group, and 280.9 (270.9-290.8, 95%CI) pg/mL in the control group and significantly lower in vitamin D deficiency group than others (p < .001). Umbilical cord P1NP level was similar in the vitamin D insufficiency group and control group (p = .971). The mean umbilical cord βCTX level was 5530, 9 (5511.5-5550.3, 95%CI) pg/mL in the vitamin D deficiency group, 5516.3 (5498.4-5534.2, 95%CI) pg/mL in the vitamin D insufficiency group, and 5510 (5491.4-5528.5, 95%CI) pg/mL in the control group, which was statistically similar among the groups (p = .251). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy affects fetal bone osteoblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erdem Sahin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Madendag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ilknur Col Madendag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Karakukcu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kayseri City Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Acmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University Medicine Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey
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13
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Chen C, Adhikari R, White DL, Kim WK. Role of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization of Chicken Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:479596. [PMID: 33597893 PMCID: PMC7882605 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.479596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25OHD) has been suggested to play an important role in osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. However, limited data have been reported in avian species. In the present study, the direct role of 1,25OHD on osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in chicken mesenchymal stem cells (cMSCs) derived from day-old broiler bones was investigated. cMSCs were treated with control media (C), osteogenesis media (OM), OM with 1, 5, 10, and 50 nM 1,25OHD, respectively. The messenger RNA (mRNA) samples were obtained at 24 and 48 h and 3 and 7 days to examine mRNA expression of key osteogenic genes [runt related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2), bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein (BGLAP), secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]. Cells were stained at 7, 14, and 21 days using Von Kossa (mineralization), Alizarin Red (AR; mineralization), and Alkaline Phosphatase (early marker) staining methods. From the mRNA expression results, we found a time-dependent manner of 1,25OHD on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. In general, it showed an inhibitory effect on differentiation and mineralization during the early stage (24 and 48 h), and a stimulatory effect during the late cell stage (3 and 7 days). The staining showed 1,25OHD had an inhibitory effect on ALP enzyme activities and mineralization in a dosage-dependent manner up to 14 days. However, at 21 days, there was no difference between the treatments. This study provides a novel understanding of the effects of 1,25OHD on osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of cMSCs depending on cell stage and maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiao Chen
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Roshan Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Dima Lynn White
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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14
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Chen C, White DL, Marshall B, Kim WK. Role of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 3 and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 in Chicken Embryo Osteogenesis, Adipogenesis, Myogenesis, and Vitamin D 3 Metabolism. Front Physiol 2021; 12:637629. [PMID: 33597896 PMCID: PMC7882680 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.637629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to understand the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25OHD) administration on the expression of key genes related to osteogenesis, adipogenesis, myogenesis, and vitamin D3 metabolism in the chicken embryo. A total of 120 fertilized Cobb 500 eggs were used in the current study and were reared under standard incubation conditions. On embryonic day 3 (ED 3), PBS (C), PBS with 40ng 1,25OHD (1,25D-L), 200ng 1,25OHD (1,25D-H), 40ng 25OHD (25D-L), or 200ng 25OHD (25D-H) were injected into the dorsal vein of developing embryos. Whole embryos were harvested at 1, 3, and 6h post-injection for gene expression analyses (n=8). Gene expression for key osteogenesis markers (RUNX2: runt-related transcription factor 2; BMP2: bone morphogenetic protein 2; COL1A2: collagen type I alpha 2 chain; BGLAP: bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein; SPP1: secreted phosphoprotein 1; and ALP: alkaline phosphatese), adipogenesis markers (PPAR-γ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; FASN: fatty acid synthase; and FABP4: fatty acid binding protein 4), myogenesis markers (MYOG: myogenin; MYOD1: myogenic differentiation 1; and MYF5: myogenic factor 5), and the enzyme responsible for vitamin D3 inactivation (CYP24A1: cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1) were measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Data were normalized by the ΔΔCT method and analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. Results indicated that at 1h post-injection, no differences were found among treatments. At 3h, the early osteogenesis differentiation marker, ALP, was increased by 1,25D-H and 25D-H, and 25D-H also stimulated the expression of adipogenesis markers (FAPB4 and FASN). In contrast, the expression of myogenesis markers (MYOD1 and MYF5) was suppressed by 25OHD or 1,25OHD treatments, respectively. At 6h, a late osteogenic differentiation marker, SPP1, was increased by 25D-H. MYOD1 and MYF5 were continuously suppressed by 25OHD treatments or 1,25D-H. The evidence of vitamin D3 metabolite retention was assessed by measuring CYP24A1 expression. At 1h, there were no differences in CYP24A1 expression. At 3h, all treatments upregulated CYP24A1 expression relative to control (PBS) embryos. However, at 6h, only the 25D-H group retained higher CYP24A1 expression compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, the results suggested both 1,25OHD and 25OHD induced chicken embryo osteogenesis and adipogenesis, but inhibited myogenesis during early chicken embryo development. The higher dosage of 25OHD showed a possibility of a longer retention time in the embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxiao Chen
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Dima Lynn White
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brett Marshall
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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15
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Rizzoli R. Vitamin D supplementation: upper limit for safety revisited? Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:19-24. [PMID: 32857334 PMCID: PMC7897606 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D overdosing includes hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and mineral deposits in soft tissues. A safety upper limit of 4000 IU/day, which is consistently accepted, has been challenged, since the risk of adverse events in other systems than calcium-phosphate homeostasis may depend not only on the dose, but on the outcome, the treatment regimen, and possibly the age, sex and vitamin D status. The therapeutic window of vitamin D supplementation may be narrower than hitherto recognized. The prevention and/or correction of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency with 800–1000 IU/daily of vitamin D or 10 µg/day of calcifediol are safe. Because of their potential harm, larger doses given on the long term or in intermittent regimens should not be selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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16
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Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis Increases Phosphate-Induced Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122694. [PMID: 33334022 PMCID: PMC7765351 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a link between periodontal disease and cardiovascular diseases. Vascular calcification is the pathological precipitation of phosphate and calcium in the vasculature and is closely associated with increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. In this study, we have demonstrated that the infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), one of the major periodontal pathogens, increases inorganic phosphate-induced vascular calcification through the phenotype transition, apoptosis, and matrix vesicle release of vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, P. gingivalis infection accelerated the phosphate-induced calcium deposition in cultured rat aorta ex vivo. Taken together, our findings indicate that P. gingivalis contributes to the periodontal infection-related vascular diseases associated with vascular calcification.
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17
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Kamr AM, Dembek KA, Gilsenan W, Bozorgmanesh R, Hassan HY, Rosol TJ, Toribio RE. C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone in healthy and hospitalized foals. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106470. [PMID: 32408050 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypocalcemia is a common finding in critically ill equine patients. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) helps to maintain calcium homeostasis in hypocalcemic patients by promoting renal calcium reabsorption and bone resorption. Increased serum PTH concentrations have been reported in critically ill people and animals, including horses and foals. It is unknown whether increased secretion of PTH is associated with markers of bone turnover in hospitalized foals. The goals of this study were to measure markers of bone resorption (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX-I]) and bone formation (osteocalcin [OCN]; alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) and to determine their association with PTH concentrations, disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals. This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 newborn foals ≤3 d old divided into hospitalized (n = 65; 41 septic; 24 sick nonseptic) and healthy (n = 10) groups. Blood samples were collected on admission to measure serum CTX-I, OCN, and PTH concentrations and ALP activity. Data were analyzed by nonparametric methods and univariate logistic regression. Serum CTX-I and PTH concentrations were significantly higher, whereas OCN concentrations were lower, in septic compared with healthy foals (P < 0.05). Serum ALP activity was not different between groups; however, it was lower in hospitalized and septic foals with low OCN concentrations (P < 0.05). In hospitalized foals, PTH concentrations were positively correlated with CTX-I concentrations and inversely associated with ALP activity (P < 0.05). High CTX-I and low OCN concentrations were associated with disease severity (P < 0.05). Hospitalized nonsurviving foals had significantly lower OCN concentrations compared with survivors (P < 0.05), but CTX-I concentrations were not associated with survival. Hospitalized foals with PTH concentrations >12.4 pmol/L were more likely to die (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-4.16; P < 0.05). Elevated PTH and CTX-I together with reduced OCN concentrations and ALP activity in sick foals indicates that bone resorption is increased during critical illness, which may be a compensatory mechanism to correct hypocalcemia or reflect a response to systemic inflammation and metabolic imbalances. Bone resorption could negatively impact skeletal development in the growing foal. Low OCN and high PTH concentrations were predictors of nonsurvival in hospitalized foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kamr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - K A Dembek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - W Gilsenan
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - R Bozorgmanesh
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - H Y Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - T J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - R E Toribio
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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18
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Wang J, Shu B, Li CG, Xie XW, Liang D, Chen BL, Lin XC, Wei X, Wang L, Leng XY, Zhou YJ, Chen PZ, Tao YR, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Cui XJ, Lu S, Wang H, Shi Q, Wang YJ. Polymorphisms of genes related to vitamin D metabolism and transportation and its relationship with the risk of osteoporosis: protocol for a multicentre prospective cohort study in China. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028084. [PMID: 31767578 PMCID: PMC6886991 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporotic fracture is one of the most common causes of disability and a major contributor to medical care costs in many regions of the world. The polymorphisms of genes related to vitamin D metabolism and transportation are associated with variation in bone mineral density and the risk of osteoporosis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The China Community-based Cohort of Osteoporosis study is an observational, longitudinal, multicentre, prospective cohort study for middle-aged and older permanent residents of China, which has been ongoing in six cities since 2016. Female residents aged 45-80 years old and male residents aged 50-80 years old are identified through permanent resident lists. All the enrolled participants will complete questionnaires on their personal characteristics and histories. The bone mineral density of their lumbar vertebrae and left hip will be measured and serum bone metabolism parameters assessed. Polymorphisms of genes related to vitamin D metabolism and transportation will be detected, and their relationship with the risk of osteoporosis, and osteoporotic fracture, will be analysed. About 18 000 residents will be involved in the study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by Institutional Ethics Board of Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2016LCSY065). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. The results of this study are expected to improve the understanding of the association between polymorphisms of genes related to vitamin D metabolism and transportation and the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture among middle-aged and older residents of China. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02958020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Shu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Guang Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Wen Xie
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - De Liang
- The First Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Lai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Chao Lin
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wei
- Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Leng
- Hospital Affiliated to Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zhou
- Luoyang Zhenggu Hospital of Henan Province, Luoyang, China
| | - Pei-Zhan Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ren Tao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Tang KC, Pan W, Doschak MR, Alexander RT. Increased FoxO3a expression prevents osteoblast differentiation and matrix calcification. Bone Rep 2019; 10:100206. [PMID: 31193232 PMCID: PMC6522754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead Box O transcription factors play important roles in bone metabolism by defending against oxidative stress and apoptosis. FoxO3a is of special interest as it is the predominant isoform expressed in bone. In osteoblasts, the administration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) increases FoxO3a expression, and alters calcium handling. We therefore queried whether FoxO3a participates in vitamin D-mediated regulation of calcium transport pathways or matrix calcification, independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. To examine this possibility, we differentiated MC3T3-E1 cells into mature osteoblast-like cells over 7 days. This coincided with an increased ability to mineralize extracellular matrix. FoxO3a expression increased throughout differentiation. 1,25D3 enhanced both FoxO3a mRNA and protein expression. Immunofluorescence microscopy found increased FoxO3a nuclear localization with differentiation and after treatment with 1,25D3. Live cell ratiometric imaging with Fura-2AM identified significant L-type calcium channel mediated calcium uptake that was enhanced by 1,25D3. We observed expression of both Cav1.2 and Cav1.3, although expression decreased throughout differentiation and was not altered by 1,25D3 treatment. FoxO3a overexpression reduced calcium uptake and calcium deposition. FoxO3a overexpression also prevented alterations in calcium channel expression and the cell differentiation associated decrease in expression of Runx2 and increased expression of osteocalcin, findings consistent with a failure for the cells to differentiate. Based on both our expression and functional data, we suggest that high levels of FoxO3a prevent osteoblast differentiation and matrix calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy C Tang
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Wanling Pan
- Department of Physiology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Michael R Doschak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - R Todd Alexander
- Department of Physiology, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada.,The Women's & Children's Health Research Institute, 11405-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
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Vieira WA, Wells KM, Milgrom R, McCusker CD. Exogenous Vitamin D signaling alters skeletal patterning, differentiation, and tissue integration during limb regeneration in the axolotl. Mech Dev 2018; 153:1-9. [PMID: 30096415 PMCID: PMC6727847 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Urodele amphibians such as the axolotl regenerate complete limbs as adults, and understanding how the "blueprint", or pattern, of the regenerate is established and manipulated are areas of intense interest. Nutrient signaling plays an important role in pattern formation during regeneration. Retinoic acid signaling is the most characterized pathway during this process. Exogenous retinoic acid (RA) reprograms the pattern information in regenerating cells to a more posterior, ventral, and proximal identity. Vitamin D signaling shares several molecular similarities with RA and has been shown to alter pattern formation during zebrafish pectoral fin regeneration. To determine if exogenous Vitamin D signaling is capable of reprograming pattern in the axolotl limb blastema, we treated regenerating limbs with a potent Vitamin D agonist. Under the studied conditions, exogenous Vitamin D did not act in a manner similar to RA and failed to proximalize the pattern of the resulting regenerates. The Vitamin D treatment did result in several skeletal defects during regeneration, including carpal fusions along the A/P axis; failure to integrate the newly regenerated tissue with the existing tissue, formation of ectopic nodules of cartilage at the site of amputation, and altered bone morphology in uninjured skeletal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A Vieira
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaylee M Wells
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roni Milgrom
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Zhang X, Li R, Qin X, Wang L, Xiao J, Song Y, Sheng X, Guo M, Ji X. Sp1 Plays an Important Role in Vascular Calcification Both In Vivo and In Vitro. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007555. [PMID: 29572322 PMCID: PMC5907546 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are closely related in patients with end-stage renal disease and diabetes mellitus. Specific protein 1 (Sp1) is a transactivation molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of apoptosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and other pathological disorders. There is evidence that specific protein 1 (Sp1) directly stimulates the transcription of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and that BMP2 plays a key role in the calcification process in the BMP2-expressing F9 cell model system. Here, we investigated whether Sp1 plays an important role in vascular calcification and its potential regulatory mechanism in vascular calcification. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, vascular calcification was induced in male Wistar rats by administration of nicotine (25 mg/kg) and vitamin D3 (300 000 IU/kg). These rats were randomly selected for treatment with adenovirus harboring Sp1 knockdown gene or empty virus. The mechanism of Sp1 in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in high phosphate medium was studied. Based on our findings, the Sp1 gene silencing or inhibition improved calcium deposition, which was partly achieved by inhibiting phenotype switch, apoptosis, and matrix vesicle release of vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, Sp1 can activate BMP2 transcription by binding to the Sp1-binding element of the BMP2 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Overall, elevated Sp1 exerts a pro-apoptotic effect, promoting BMP2 transcription and further accumulating vascular calcification. Proper and timely regulation of Sp1 expression may be a potential strategy for treatment of aging, end-stage renal disease, and diabetic-related macrovascular disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoteng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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22
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as nanometer-scale particles, include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by most cell types, such as bone marrow stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells. In bone-remodeling microenvironments, EVs deliver specific proteins (e.g., tenascin C and Sema4D), microRNAs (e.g., miR-214-3p, miR-183-5p, and miR-196a), and other growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein 1 to 7 and transforming growth factor β1) to osteoblasts and regulate bone formation. In addition, EVs can deliver cytokines, such as RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB) and RANKL (RANK ligand), and microRNAs, such as miR-218 and miR-148a, to modulate osteoclast differentiation during bone resorption. EVs also transfer bioactive molecules and have targeted therapies in bone-related diseases. Moreover, bioactive molecules in EVs are biomarkers in bone-related diseases. We highlight the emerging role of EVs in bone remodeling during physiologic and pathologic conditions and summarize the role of EVs in tooth development and regeneration. At the end of this review, we discuss the challenges of EV application in the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liu
- 1 Department of Endodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Sun
- 2 Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Zhang
- 1 Department of Endodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
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23
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Yang D, Anderson PH, Wijenayaka AR, Barratt KR, Triliana R, Stapledon CJM, Zhou H, Findlay DM, Morris HA, Atkins GJ. Both ligand and VDR expression levels critically determine the effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D 3 on osteoblast differentiation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:83-90. [PMID: 28887147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) through vitamin D receptor (VDR) signalling has both catabolic and anabolic effects on osteoblast differentiation. However, the mechanism of these differential effects by 1,25D is not fully understood. In this study, mice with three different genetic backgrounds, representing a normal VDR level (wild-type, WT), VDR over-expression specifically in mature osteoblasts (ObVDR-B6) and global VDR knockout (VDRKO), were utilised to generate primary osteoblast-like cultures to further elucidate the effects of 1,25D on osteoblast differentiation. Our data confirm the importance of VDR in the late stage of osteogenic differentiation and also for the expression of factors critical for osteoblastic support of osteoclast formation. This study also demonstrates the differential effects of a pharmacological level of 1,25D (1nM) on the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers, including Ocn and Sost, depending on the relative level of VDR. Our findings suggest that 1,25D plays an inhibitory role in matrix mineralisation, possibly through the modulation of the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase to ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 axis, in a VDR level-dependent manner. We conclude that the relative VDR level and the 1,25D availability to cells, are important co-determinants for whether 1,25D plays a promoting or suppressive role in osteoblast-mediated osteogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yang
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kate R Barratt
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Rahma Triliana
- Musculoskeletal Biology Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Catherine J M Stapledon
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia
| | - David M Findlay
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Endocrine Bone Research, Chemical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Biomedical Orthopaedic Research Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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24
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Li Y, Yuan J, Wang Q, Sun L, Sha Y, Li Y, Wang L, Wang Z, Ma Y, Cao H. The collective influence of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 with physiological fluid shear stress on osteoblasts. Steroids 2018; 129:9-16. [PMID: 29155218 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25 (OH)2 D3) and mechanical stimuli in physiological environment contributes greatly to osteoporosis pathogenesis. Wide investigations have been conducted on how 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and mechanical stimuli separately impact osteoblasts. This study reports the collective influences of 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and flow shear stress (FSS) on biological functions of osteoblasts. 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 were prepared in various kinds of concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100 nmmol/L), while physiological fluid shear stress (12 dynes/cm2) was produced by using a parallel-plate fluid flow system. 1, 25 (OH)2 D3 affects the responses of ROBs to FSS, including the inhibition of NO release and cell proliferation as well as the promotion of PGE2 release and cell differentiation. These findings provide a possible mechanism by which 1, 25(OH)2 D3 influences osteoblasts' responses to FSS, thus most probably providing guidance for the selection of 1, 25(OH)2 D3 concentration and mechanical loading in order to produce functional bone tissues in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China.
| | - Jiafeng Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Lijie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yunying Sha
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yanxiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, China; Bone Tissue Engineering Research Center of Taizhou, Taizhou 225300, China
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25
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van Driel M, van Leeuwen JPTM. Vitamin D endocrinology of bone mineralization. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:46-51. [PMID: 28606868 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone is a dynamic tissue that is strongly influenced by endocrine factors to restore the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. Bone formation involves the mineralization of the extracellular matrix formed by osteoblasts. In this process the role of vitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D3) is both direct and indirect. The direct effects are enabled via the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR); the outcome is dependent on the presence of other factors as well as origin of the osteoblasts, treatment procedures and species differences. Vitamin D stimulates mineralization of human osteoblasts but is often found inhibitory for mineralization of murine osteoblasts. In this review we will overview the current knowledge of the role of the vitamin D endocrine system in controlling the mineralization process in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein van Driel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Fischer V, Haffner-Luntzer M, Prystaz K, Vom Scheidt A, Busse B, Schinke T, Amling M, Ignatius A. Calcium and vitamin-D deficiency marginally impairs fracture healing but aggravates posttraumatic bone loss in osteoporotic mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7223. [PMID: 28775273 PMCID: PMC5543125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium and vitamin-D (Ca/VitD) deficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis. It may also contribute to the compromised bone healing frequently observed in osteoporotic patients, since calcium is essential for fracture-callus mineralization. Additionally, clinical data suggest systemic bone loss following fracture, which may aggravate osteoporosis and thus increase the risk for fragility fractures in osteoporotic patients further. However, the role of Ca/VitD in fracture healing and posttraumatic bone turnover has to date been poorly investigated. Here, we studied bone regeneration and posttraumatic bone turnover in C57BL/6 J mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Mice were fed a standard or a Ca/VitD-deficient diet. Notably, fracture healing was only marginally disturbed in Ca/VitD-deficient mice. However, deficient mice displayed significantly increased serum parathyroid hormone levels and osteoclast activity, as well as reduced bone mass in the intact skeleton post-fracture, suggesting considerably enhanced calcium mobilization from the intact skeleton during bone regeneration. Ca/VitD supplementation initiated post-fracture prevented posttraumatic bone loss by reducing bone resorption and furthermore improved bone repair. These results imply that adequate Ca/VitD supply post-fracture is essential to provide sufficient calcium for callus-mineralization in order to prevent posttraumatic bone loss and to reduce the risk for secondary fractures in osteoporotic patients with Ca/VitD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Prystaz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Vom Scheidt
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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27
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Tarasco M, Laizé V, Cardeira J, Cancela ML, Gavaia PJ. The zebrafish operculum: A powerful system to assess osteogenic bioactivities of molecules with pharmacological and toxicological relevance. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 197:45-52. [PMID: 28457946 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bone disorders affect millions of people worldwide and available therapeutics have a limited efficacy, often presenting undesirable side effects. As such, there is a need for novel molecules with bone anabolic properties. The aim of this work was to establish a rapid, reliable and reproducible method to screen for molecules with osteogenic activities, using the zebrafish operculum to assess bone formation. Exposure parameters were optimized through morphological analysis of the developing operculum of larvae exposed to calcitriol, a molecule with known pro-osteogenic properties. An exposure of 3days initiated at 3days post-fertilization was sufficient to stimulate operculum formation, while not affecting survival or development of the larvae. Dose-dependent pro- and anti-osteogenic effects of calcitriol and cobalt chloride, respectively, demonstrated the sensitivity of the method and the suitability of the operculum system. A double transgenic reporter line expressing fluorescent markers for early and mature osteoblasts was used to gain insights into the effects of calcitriol and cobalt at the cellular level, with osteoblast maturation shown to be stimulated and inhibited, respectively, in the operculum of exposed fish. The zebrafish operculum represents a consistent, robust and rapid screening system for the discovery of novel molecules with osteogenic, anti-osteoporotic or osteotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tarasco
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Vincent Laizé
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - João Cardeira
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; ProRegeM PhD Programme, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Gavaia
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
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28
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Li C, Chen P, Duan X, Wang J, Shu B, Li X, Ba Q, Li J, Wang Y, Wang H. Bioavailable 25(OH)D but Not Total 25(OH)D Is an Independent Determinant for Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Postmenopausal Women. EBioMedicine 2016; 15:184-192. [PMID: 27919752 PMCID: PMC5233808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Total 25(OH)D levels were determined to assess bone health in elderly populations; however, the bioavailability of 25(OH)D is regulated by the albumin and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) levels and DBP variations. Whether bioavailable 25(OH)D level is a superior biomarker for vitamin D than total 25(OH)D level regarding the BMD and the bone metabolism were not yet fully understood. With a community based cross-sectional study of 967 postmenopausal women, we found that the variant rs7041, but not rs4588, of DBP was significantly associated with the blood DBP level, which was positively correlated with the total 25(OH)D level but negatively associated with bioavailable 25(OH)D levels. Both total and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were significantly correlated with the BMD value in postmenopausal women; however, only the bioavailable 25(OH)D level was an independent determinant of the BMD values when adjusted for age, body mass index and bone turnover biomarkers (OST and β-CTX). The bioavailable and total 25(OH)D were negatively correlated with bone formation biomarkers (OST, PINP and ALP) and PTH levels, while they were positively correlated with osteoprotegerin (OPG) level; however, the bone resorption biomarker (β-CTX) was not correlated with the 25(OH)D levels. An increment of PTH level, along with reduced bioavailable 25(OH)D levels, was evident when the bioavailable 25(OH)D level was < 5 ng/mL, which may be the optimal cutpoint for sufficient vitamin D in Chinese elderly women. The blood calcium, magnesium, ALP, TSH, FGF23, and phosphorus levels were not correlated with the total or the bioavailable 25(OH)D levels. These results suggested that high bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were correlated with reduced bone turnover processes and were a biomarker superior to total 25(OH)D for vitamin D in assessing the risks of bone-related diseases. The results indicate that the bioavailable 25(OH)D level should be determined in assessing the bone health. DBP levels and variants on DBP were associated with the total and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels in the elderly populations. Both the total and bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were correlated with the BMD in postmenopausal women. Multivariate analyses suggested that the bioavailable but not total 25(OH)D was an independent determinant for the BMD. Higher bioavailable 25(OH)D levels were correlated with reduced bone turnover and lower PTH in postmenopausal women.
With a cross-sectional community study, we found that the variant rs7041, but not rs4588, of DBP was significantly associated with the blood DBP level, which was positively correlated with the total 25(OH)D levels but negatively associated with the bioavailable 25(OH)D levels. The bioavailable 25(OH)D level was an independent determinant for BMD but not total 25(OH)D. Higher vitamin D levels were correlated with the reduced bone turnover process and lower PTH levels, which might lead to the higher BMD value in postmenopausal women. These results suggested that bioavailable 25(OH)D was a superior biomarker than total 25(OH)D regarding the bone metabolism, and that vitamin D intervention may improve the bone health in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Peizhan Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Duan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Bing Shu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Qian Ba
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Jingquan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Rehabilitation School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China; Shanghai Clinical Center, China Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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29
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Vitamin D Effects on Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Dental Tissues. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:9150819. [PMID: 27956902 PMCID: PMC5124467 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9150819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), the active metabolite of vitamin D (Vit D), increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate, maintaining a correct balance of bone remodeling. Vit D has an anabolic effect on the skeletal system and is key in promoting osteoblastic differentiation of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) from bone marrow. MSCs can be also isolated from the immature form of the tooth, the dental bud: Dental Bud Stem Cells (DBSCs) are adult stem cells that can effectively undergo osteoblastic differentiation. In this work we investigated the effect of Vit D on DBSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. Our data demonstrate that DBSCs, cultured in an opportune osteogenic medium, differentiate into osteoblast-like cells; Vit D treatment stimulates their osteoblastic features, increasing the expression of typical markers of osteoblastogenesis like RUNX2 and Collagen I (Coll I) and, in a more important way, determining a higher production of mineralized matrix nodules.
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Sun J, Sun B, Wang W, Han X, Liu H, Du J, Feng W, Liu B, Amizuka N, Li M. Histochemical examination of the effects of high-dose 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone remodeling in young growing rats. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:389-99. [PMID: 27255234 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has an anabolic effect on bone developmental processes and is involved in maintaining skeletal integrity. In recent years, pediatric cases of vitamin D intoxication have attracted attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of long-term administration of physiologically-high-dose calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3) on bone remodeling in young developing rats. Neonatal rats received once-daily subcutaneous injection of calcitriol (250 ng/kg body weight), or PBS only as a control, for 3 weeks. At 1, 2 and 4 weeks' post-administration, rats were sacrificed and fixed by transcardial perfusion with 4 % paraformaldehyde, following which tibiae were extracted for histochemical analysis. Compared with the control group, the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase- and Cathepsin K-positive osteoclasts were significantly increased, and the expression of alkaline phosphatase in osteoblasts was decreased in trabecular bone of rats administered high-dose 1,25(OH)2D3, leading to decreased trabecular bone volume. In addition, the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) was increased, while that of osteoprotegerin was weaker in osteoblasts in the experimental group compared with the control group. Moreover, there was weaker immunoreactivity for EphrinB2 in osteoclasts and EphB4 in osteoblasts of trabecular bone in the experimental group compared with the control group. These findings suggest that long-term use of physiologically-high dose calcitriol may result in bone loss through RANKL/RANK/osteoprotegerin and EphrinB2-EphB4 signaling pathways, and that these negative effects could continue after drug withdrawal. Therefore, optimal limits for vitamin D administration need to be established for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuchun Han
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, 250012, Jinan, China.
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Wei K, Yin Z, Xie Y. Roles of the kidney in the formation, remodeling and repair of bone. J Nephrol 2016; 29:349-357. [PMID: 26943181 PMCID: PMC4879154 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0284-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the kidney and bone is highly complex, and the kidney plays an important role in the regulation of bone development and metabolism. The kidney is the major organ involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, which is essential for bone mineralization and development. Many substances synthesized by the kidney, such as 1,25(OH)2D3, Klotho, bone morphogenetic protein-7, and erythropoietin, are involved in different stages of bone formation, remodeling and repair. In addition, some cytokines which can be affected by the kidney, such as osteoprotegerin, sclerostin, fibroblast growth factor -23 and parathyroid hormone, also play important roles in bone metabolism. In this paper, we summarize the possible effects of these kidney-related cytokines on bone and their possible mechanisms. Most of these cytokines can interact with one another, constituting an intricate network between the kidney and bone. Therefore, kidney diseases should be considered among patients presenting with osteodystrophy and disturbances in bone and mineral metabolism, and treatment for renal dysfunction may accelerate their recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.,Medical College, NanKai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), spherical bilayered proteolipids, behave as paracrine effectors since they are released from cells to deliver signals to other cells. They control a diverse range of biological processes by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells and are secreted by a wide spectrum of cell types and are found in various biological fluids. EVs are formed at the plasma membrane or in endosomes and are heterogeneous in size and composition. Increasing understanding of the working mechanisms is promising for therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities. In this review, we will focus on the recent developments in this emerging field with special emphasis on the role of EVs in the bone microenvironment, with a central role for the osteoblasts in the communication with a diversity of cells, including bone metastases.
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van der Meijden K, Bakker AD, van Essen HW, Heijboer AC, Schulten EAJM, Lips P, Bravenboer N. Mechanical loading and the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D in primary human osteoblasts. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 156:32-9. [PMID: 26625962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) is synthesized from its precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by human osteoblasts leading to stimulation of osteoblast differentiation in an autocrine or paracrine way. Osteoblast differentiation is also stimulated by mechanical loading through activation of various responses in bone cells such as nitric oxide signaling. Whether mechanical loading affects osteoblast differentiation through an enhanced synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D by human osteoblasts is still unknown. We hypothesized that mechanical loading stimulates the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D from 25(OH)D in primary human osteoblasts. Since the responsiveness of bone to mechanical stimuli can be altered by various endocrine factors, we also investigated whether 1,25(OH)2D or 25(OH)D affect the response of primary human osteoblasts to mechanical loading. Primary human osteoblasts were pre-incubated in medium with/without 25(OH)D3 (400 nM) or 1,25(OH)2D3 (100 nM) for 24h and subjected to mechanical loading by pulsatile fluid flow (PFF). The response of osteoblasts to PFF was quantified by measuring nitric oxide, and by PCR analysis. The effect of PFF on the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 was determined by subjecting osteoblasts to PFF followed by 24h post-incubation in medium with/without 25(OH)D3 (400 nM). We showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced the PFF-induced NO response in primary human osteoblasts. 25(OH)D3 did not significantly alter the NO response of primary human osteoblasts to PFF, but 25(OH)D3 increased osteocalcin and RANKL mRNA levels, similar to 1,25(OH)2D3. PFF did not increase 1,25(OH)2D3 amounts in our model, even though PFF did increase CYP27B1 mRNA levels and reduced VDR mRNA levels. CYP24 mRNA levels were not affected by PFF, but were strongly increased by both 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3. In conclusion, 1,25(OH)2D3 may affect the response of primary human osteoblasts to mechanical stimuli, at least with respect to NO production. Mechanical stimuli may affect local vitamin D metabolism in primary human osteoblasts. Our results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 and mechanical loading, both stimuli of the differentiation of osteoblasts, interact at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van der Meijden
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A D Bakker
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA) and VU University Amsterdam, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H W van Essen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C Heijboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A J M Schulten
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Research Institute MOVE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Yang D, Turner AG, Wijenayaka AR, Anderson PH, Morris HA, Atkins GJ. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and extracellular calcium promote mineral deposition via NPP1 activity in a mature osteoblast cell line MLO-A5. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:140-7. [PMID: 26054750 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
While vitamin D supplementation is common, the anabolic mechanisms that improve bone status are poorly understood. Under standard mineralising conditions including media ionised calcium of 1.1 mM, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) enhanced differentiation and mineral deposition by the mature osteoblast/pre-osteocyte cell line, MLO-A5. This effect was markedly increased with a higher ionised calcium level (1.5 mM). Gene expression analyses revealed that 1,25D-induced mineral deposition was associated with induction of Enpp1 mRNA, coding for nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) and NPP1 protein levels. Since MLO-A5 cells express abundant alkaline phosphatase that was not further modified by 1,25D treatment or exposure to increased calcium, this finding suggested that the NPP1 production of pyrophosphate (PPi) may provide alkaline phosphatase with substrate for the generation of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Consistent with this, co-treatment with Enpp1 siRNA or a NPP1 inhibitor, PPADS, abrogated 1,25D-induced mineral deposition. These data demonstrate that 1,25D stimulates osteoblast differentiation and mineral deposition, and interacts with the extracellular calcium concentration. 1,25D regulates Enpp1 expression, which presumably, in the context of adequate tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity, provides Pi to stimulate mineralisation. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which vitamin D with adequate dietary calcium can improve bone mineral status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yang
- Bone Cell Biology Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew G Turner
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Asiri R Wijenayaka
- Bone Cell Biology Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Paul H Anderson
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Howard A Morris
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Musculoskeletal Biology Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Endocrine Bone Research, Chemical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Bone Cell Biology Group, Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Girgis CM, Baldock PA, Downes M. Vitamin D, muscle and bone: Integrating effects in development, aging and injury. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:3-10. [PMID: 25837735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the established effects of muscle loading on bone, a complex network of hormones and growth factors integrates these adjacent tissues. One such hormone, vitamin D, exerts broad-ranging effects in muscle and bone calcium handling, differentiation and development. Vitamin D also modulates muscle and bone-derived hormones, potentially facilitating cross-talk between these tissues. In the clinical setting, vitamin D deficiency or mutations of the vitamin D receptor result in generalized atrophy of muscle and bone, suggesting coordinated effects of vitamin D at these sites. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that vitamin D exerts specific effects throughout the life of the musculoskeletal system - in development, aging and injury. From this holistic viewpoint, we offer new insights into an old debate: whether vitamin D's effects in the musculoskeletal system are direct via local VDR signals or indirect via its systemic effects in calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Paul A Baldock
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Faienza MF, Luce V, Ventura A, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Cavallo L, Grano M, Brunetti G. Skeleton and glucose metabolism: a bone-pancreas loop. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:758148. [PMID: 25873957 PMCID: PMC4383460 DOI: 10.1155/2015/758148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone has been considered a structure essential for mobility, calcium homeostasis, and hematopoietic function. Recent advances in bone biology have highlighted the importance of skeleton as an endocrine organ which regulates some metabolic pathways, in particular, insulin signaling and glucose tolerance. This review will point out the role of bone as an endocrine "gland" and, specifically, of bone-specific proteins, as the osteocalcin (Ocn), and proteins involved in bone remodeling, as osteoprotegerin, in the regulation of insulin function and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Felicia Faienza
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenza Luce
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ventura
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luciano Cavallo
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- *Giacomina Brunetti:
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Morhayim J, Baroncelli M, van Leeuwen JP. Extracellular vesicles: Specialized bone messengers. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 561:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Surge in US outpatient vitamin D deficiency diagnoses: National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey analysis. South Med J 2014; 107:214-7. [PMID: 24937512 DOI: 10.1097/smj.0000000000000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In light of the growing medical interest in the potential consequences of vitamin D deficiency, it is important that clinicians are informed about the varying factors that may complicate the assessment of vitamin D status and the diagnosis of deficiency. To better understand the frequency of vitamin D deficiency diagnoses in the ambulatory setting over time, the objective of this investigation was to examine unspecific, general, and bone-related vitamin D deficiency diagnoses between 2007 and 2010 and to determine whether the rate of diagnoses differed by patient age and sex. METHODS We used data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to assess the rate of vitamin D deficiency diagnoses provided between 2007 and 2010 during outpatient visits with nonfederally employed physicians in offices and hospitals. Two hundred ninety-two unweighted patient visit records were included. Trends in vitamin D deficiency diagnosis over time, diagnosis of bone disease associated with a vitamin D deficiency diagnosis, and patient age and sex were reported. RESULTS The number of diagnoses for vitamin D deficiency rapidly increased from 2007 to 2010. More than 97% of diagnoses were for unspecific vitamin D deficiency; 9.6% of vitamin D deficiency visits also resulted in a diagnosis of osteoporosis or bone fracture. CONCLUSIONS Although the rate of diagnoses for vitamin D deficiency increased between 2007 and 2010, many diagnoses rendered were for nonspecific disease; therefore, vitamin D deficiency screening may have been ordered for preventive care purposes rather than as a diagnostic aid.
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Gorter EA, Hamdy NAT, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Schipper IB. The role of vitamin D in human fracture healing: a systematic review of the literature. Bone 2014; 64:288-97. [PMID: 24792958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D is essential for bone mineralization and for the subsequent maintenance of bone quality. Mineralization is part of hard callus formation and bone remodelling, processes, which are part of fracture healing. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature to summarize and clarify if possible, the cellular effects of vitamin D and its clinical involvement in the process of fracture healing in human. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Embase (OVID version), and Web of Science. RESULTS A total of 75 in vitro and 30 in vivo studies were found with inconsistent results about the cellular effect of vitamin D on fracture involved inflammatory cells, cytokines, growth factors, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and on the process of mineralization. With only five in vitro studies performed on material derived from a fracture site and one in vivo study in fracture patients, the exact cellular role remains unclear. Seven studies investigated the circulating vitamin D metabolites in fracture healing. Although it appears that 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D3 are not affected by the occurrence of a fracture, this might not be the case with serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3. The potential clinical effect of vitamin D deficiency is only described in one case series and three case controlled studies, where the results tend to show no effect of a vitamin D deficiency. No clinical studies were found investigating solely vitamin D supplementation. Two clinical studies found a positive effect of vitamin D supplementation and calcium, of increased bone mineral density or respectively increased fracture callus area at the fracture site. One study found indirect evidence that vitamin D and calcium promoted fracture healing. CONCLUSION Despite these results, and the presumed beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation in deficient patients, clinical studies that address the effects of vitamin D deficiency or supplementation on fracture healing are scarce and remain inconclusive. We conclude that vitamin D has a role in fracture healing, but the available data are too inconsistent to elucidate how and in what manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin A Gorter
- Department of Surgery and Traumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Neveen A T Hamdy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, and Centre for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Natasha M Appelman-Dijkstra
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, and Centre for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Inger B Schipper
- Department of Surgery and Traumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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van de Peppel J, van Leeuwen JPTM. Vitamin D and gene networks in human osteoblasts. Front Physiol 2014; 5:137. [PMID: 24782782 PMCID: PMC3988399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone formation is indirectly influenced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) through the stimulation of calcium uptake in the intestine and re-absorption in the kidneys. Direct effects on osteoblasts and bone formation have also been established. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in osteoblasts and 1,25D3 modifies gene expression of various osteoblast differentiation and mineralization-related genes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), osteocalcin (BGLAP), and osteopontin (SPP1). 1,25D3 is known to stimulate mineralization of human osteoblasts in vitro, and recently it was shown that 1,25D3 induces mineralization via effects in the period preceding mineralization during the pre-mineralization period. For a full understanding of the action of 1,25D3 in osteoblasts it is important to get an integrated network view of the 1,25D3-regulated genes during osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. The current data will be presented and discussed alluding to future studies to fully delineate the 1,25D3 action in osteoblast. Describing and understanding the vitamin D regulatory networks and identifying the dominant players in these networks may help develop novel (personalized) vitamin D-based treatments. The following topics will be discussed in this overview: (1) Bone metabolism and osteoblasts, (2) Vitamin D, bone metabolism and osteoblast function, (3) Vitamin D induced transcriptional networks in the context of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bone and Calcium Metabolism Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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van Driel M, van Leeuwen JPTM. Vitamin D endocrine system and osteoblasts. BONEKEY REPORTS 2014; 3:493. [PMID: 24605210 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between vitamin D and osteoblasts is complex. In the current review we will give an overview of the current knowledge of the vitamin D endocrine system in osteoblasts. The presence of the vitamin D receptor in osteoblasts enables direct effects of 1α,25dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25D3) on osteoblasts, but the magnitude of the effects is subject to the presence of many other factors. Vitamin D affects osteoblast proliferation, as well as differentiation and mineralization, but these effects vary with the timing of treatment, dosage and origin of the osteoblasts. Vitamin D effects on differentiation and mineralization are mostly stimulatory in human and rat osteoblasts, and inhibitory in murine osteoblasts. Several genes and mechanisms are studied to explain the effects of 1α,25D3 on osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Besides the classical VDR, osteoblasts also express a membrane-localized receptor, and in vitro studies have shown that osteoblasts are capable of the synthesis of 1α,25D3.
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Woeckel V, van der Eerden B, Schreuders-Koedam M, Eijken M, Van Leeuwen J. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3stimulates activin A production to fine-tune osteoblast-induced mineralization. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2167-74. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V.J. Woeckel
- Departments of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - M. Schreuders-Koedam
- Departments of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Eijken
- Departments of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - J.P.T.M. Van Leeuwen
- Departments of Internal Medicine; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam The Netherlands
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Verlinden L, Kriebitzsch C, Eelen G, Van Camp M, Leyssens C, Tan BK, Beullens I, Verstuyf A. The odd-skipped related genes Osr1 and Osr2 are induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:94-7. [PMID: 23238298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The odd-skipped related genes Osr1 and Osr2 encode closely related zinc finger containing transcription factors that are expressed in developing limb. However, their role in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation remains controversial and little is known about their regulation. In this study we showed that both Osr1 and Osr2 were expressed in several murine and human osteoblast cell lines as well as in primary osteoblast cultures. Moreover, their transcript levels were regulated by a number of osteogenic stimuli in murine pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells. The most robust regulation of Osr1 and Osr2 mRNA levels was observed after stimulation with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induced transcript levels of Osr1 and Osr2 and this up-regulation was confirmed in other osteoblast cultures, both from murine and human origin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve Verlinden
- Laboratorium voor Klinische en Experimentele Endocrinologie, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Bus 902, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Yang D, Atkins GJ, Turner AG, Anderson PH, Morris HA. Differential effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on mineralisation and differentiation in two different types of osteoblast-like cultures. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 136:166-70. [PMID: 23220547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In osteoblast cultures, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D) has been shown to play either catabolic or anabolic roles on differentiation and mineralisation. We have employed osteoblast-like cells extracted from neonatal mouse calvariae and cells derived from juvenile mouse long bones to compare the biological effects of 1,25D on differentiation and mineralisation in vitro. 1,25D exerts differential effects on osteoblast-like cells depending on their stage of maturation and possibly their skeletal origin. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yang
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Endocrine Bone Research, Chemical Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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Alves RDAM, Eijken M, Bezstarosti K, Demmers JAA, van Leeuwen JPTM. Activin A suppresses osteoblast mineralization capacity by altering extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and impairing matrix vesicle (MV) production. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2890-900. [PMID: 23781072 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.024927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During bone formation, osteoblasts deposit an extracellular matrix (ECM) that is mineralized via a process involving production and secretion of highly specialized matrix vesicles (MVs). Activin A, a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily member, was previously shown to have inhibitory effects in human bone formation models through unclear mechanisms. We investigated these mechanisms elicited by activin A during in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Activin A inhibition of ECM mineralization coincided with a strong decline in alkaline phosphatase (ALP(1)) activity in extracellular compartments, ECM and matrix vesicles. SILAC-based quantitative proteomics disclosed intricate protein composition alterations in the activin A ECM, including changed expression of collagen XII, osteonectin and several cytoskeleton-binding proteins. Moreover, in activin A osteoblasts matrix vesicle production was deficient containing very low expression of annexin proteins. ECM enhanced human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic development and mineralization. This osteogenic enhancement was significantly decreased when human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on ECM produced under activin A treatment. These findings demonstrate that activin A targets the ECM maturation phase of osteoblast differentiation resulting ultimately in the inhibition of mineralization. ECM proteins modulated by activin A are not only determinant for bone mineralization but also possess osteoinductive properties that are relevant for bone tissue regeneration.
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Satué M, Córdoba A, Ramis JM, Monjo M. UV-irradiated 7-dehydrocholesterol coating on polystyrene surfaces is converted to active vitamin D by osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2013; 12:1025-35. [PMID: 23538933 DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of UV irradiation on the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), which has been coated onto a polystyrene surface, to cholecalciferol (D3), and the resulting effect on the formation of vitamin D (1,25-D3) by MC3T3-E1 cells. The changes in gene expression of the enzymes regulating its hydroxylation, Cyp27b1 and Cyp27a1, were monitored as well as the net effect of the UV-treated 7-DHC coating on cell viability and osteoblast differentiation. MC3T3-E1 cells were found to express the enzymes required for synthesizing active 1,25-D3, and we found a dose-dependent increase in the production of both 25-D3 and 1,25-D3 levels for UV-activated 7-DHC samples unlike UV-untreated ones. Cell viability revealed no cytotoxic effect for any of the treatments, but only for the highest dose of 7-DHC (20 nmol per well) that was UV-irradiated. Furthermore, osteoblast differentiation was increased in cells treated with some of the higher doses of 7-DHC when UV-irradiated, as shown by collagen-I, osterix and osteocalcin relative mRNA levels. The conversion of 7-DHC to preD3 exogenously by UV irradiation and later to 25-D3 by MC3T3-E1 cells was determined for the optimum 7-DHC dose (0.2 nmol per well), i.e. 8.6 ± 0.7% of UV-activated 7-DHC was converted to preD3 and 6.7 ± 2.8% of preD3 was finally converted to 25-D3 under the conditions studied. In conclusion, we demonstrate that an exogenous coating of 7-DHC, when UV-irradiated, can be used to endogenously produce active vitamin D. We hereby provide the scientific basis for UV-activated 7-DHC coating as a feasible approach for implant therapeutics focused on bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Satué
- Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of Balearic Islands, Spain
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Phosphate-induced autophagy counteracts vascular calcification by reducing matrix vesicle release. Kidney Int 2013; 83:1042-51. [PMID: 23364520 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic and highly regulated process of self-digestion responsible for cell survival and reaction to oxidative stress. As oxidative stress is increased in uremia and is associated with vascular calcification, we studied the role of autophagy in vascular calcification induced by phosphate. In an in vitro phosphate-induced calcification model of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and in an in vivo model of chronic renal failure, autophagy was inhibited by the superoxide dismutase mimic MnTMPyP, superoxide dismutase-2 overexpression, and by knockdown of the sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter Pit1. Although phosphate-induced VSMC apoptosis was reduced by an inhibitor of autophagy (3-methyladenine) and knockdown of autophagy protein 5, calcium deposition in VSMCs was increased during inhibition of autophagy, even with the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. An inducer of autophagy, valproic acid, decreased calcification. Furthermore, 3-methyladenine significantly promoted phosphate-induced matrix vesicle release with increased alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, autophagy may be an endogenous protective mechanism counteracting phosphate-induced vascular calcification by reducing matrix vesicle release. Therapeutic agents influencing the autophagic response may be of benefit to treat aging or disease-related vascular calcification and osteoporosis.
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Woeckel V, Bruedigam C, Koedam M, Chiba H, van der Eerden B, van Leeuwen J. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and rosiglitazone synergistically enhance osteoblast-mediated mineralization. Gene 2013; 512:438-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Robaszkiewicz A, Erdélyi K, Kovács K, Kovács I, Bai P, Rajnavölgyi E, Virág L. Hydrogen peroxide-induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation regulates osteogenic differentiation-associated cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1552-64. [PMID: 22940495 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We set out to investigate the role of poly(ADP-ribosylation), the attachment of NAD(+)-derived (ADP-ribose)(n) polymers to proteins, in the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of SAOS-2 cells and mesenchymal stem cells. In osteogenic differentiation medium, SAOS-2 cells showed mineralization and expressed alkaline phosphatase and osteoblastic marker genes such as Runx2, osterix, BMP2, and osteopontin. The cells also released hydrogen peroxide, displayed poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, and showed commitment to cell death (apoptosis and necrosis). Scavenging reactive oxygen species by glutathione or decomposing hydrogen peroxide by the addition of catalase reduced differentiation, PARP activation, and cell death. We silenced the expression of the main PAR-synthesizing enzyme PARP-1 and the PAR-degrading enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) in SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cells (shPARP-1 and shPARG, respectively). Both shPARP-1- and shPARG-silenced cells exhibited altered differentiation, with the most notable change being increased osteopontin expression but decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. PARP-1 silencing suppressed both apoptotic and necrotic cell death, but the PARP inhibitor PJ34 sensitized cells to cell death, indicating that the effects of PARP-1 silencing are not related to the activity of the enzyme. PARG silencing resulted in more apoptosis and, in the last days of differentiation, a shift from apoptosis toward necrosis. In conclusion our data prove that hydrogen peroxide-induced poly(ADP-ribose) signaling regulates cell death and osteodifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Abstract
Vitamin D is important for the normal development and maintenance of bone. The elucidation of the vitamin D activation pathway and the cloning of the vitamin D receptor have advanced our understanding of the actions of vitamin D on bone. The preponderance of evidence indicates that 1,25(OH)₂D₃ enhances bone mineralization through its effects to promote calcium and phosphate absorption. Although 1,25(OH)₂D₃ stimulates bone resorption in vitro, treatment in vivo can prevent bone loss and fracture through several potential mechanisms. The development of vitamin D analogues has provided new therapeutic options for increasing bone mineral density and reducing fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Yoshida
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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