1
|
Panza G, Montanari M, Lopez D, Burattini S, Ciacci C, Fumelli PP, Pasini G, Fusi V, Giorgi L, Grandoni F, Papa S, Santolini R, Canonico B. Flow cytometric analysis of hepatopancreatic cells from Armadillidium vulgare highlights terrestrial isopods as efficient environmental bioindicators in ex vivo settings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:9745-9763. [PMID: 38194171 PMCID: PMC10824867 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the high bioindication capacity of Isopoda (Crustacea, Oniscidea), which is related to their important ability to accumulate contaminants, usefulness in soil ecotoxicology and bioindication activities. Any change in the isopod population, diversity and life cycle can indicate relevant pollution levels. The analysis of target tissues, such as the hepatopancreas, is another emerging approach (from a cytologic/histological level) to detect contaminant accumulation from different sources. In this study, tissue disaggregation procedures were optimised in the hepatopancreas, and flow cytometry (FC) was applied to detect cell viability and several cell functions. After disaggregation, two hepatopancreatic cell types, small (S) and big (B), were still recognisable: they differed in morphology and behaviour. The analyses were conducted for the first time on isopods from sites under different conditions of ecological disturbance through cytometric re-interpretation of ecological-environmental parameters. Significant differences in cell functional parameters were found, highlighting that isopod hepatopancreatic cells can be efficiently analysed by FC and represent standardisable, early biological indicators, tracing environmental-induced stress through cytologic/histologic analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Panza
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mariele Montanari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Daniele Lopez
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Piermarco Paci Fumelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pasini
- Centro Ricerche Ecologiche E Naturalistiche (CREN), Soc. Coop., 47922, Rimini, Italy
| | - Vieri Fusi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luca Giorgi
- Department of Pure and Applied Sciences (DiSPeA), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Grandoni
- Centro Di Ricerca Zootecnia E Acquacoltura (Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture), CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Santolini
- Department of Humanistic Studies (DISTUM), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DISB), University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poprawa I, Chajec Ł, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Wilczek G, Student S, Leśniewska M, Rost-Roszkowska M. Ovaries and testes of Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) react differently to the presence of cadmium in the environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6705. [PMID: 35469038 PMCID: PMC9038927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper reproduction depends on properly functioning gonads (ovaries and testes). Many xenobiotics, including heavy metals, can cause changes in somatic and germ line cells, thus damaging the reproductive capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the heavy metal cadmium on the gonads, including germ line and somatic cells. It is important to determine whether cell death processes are triggered in both types of cells in the gonads, and which gonads are more sensitive to the presence of cadmium in the environment. The research was conducted on the soil-dwelling arthropod Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda), which is common for European fauna. Animals were cultured in soil supplemented with Cd for different periods (short- and long-term treatment). Gonads were isolated and prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which enabled us to describe all changes which appeared after both the short- and long-term cadmium treatment. The results of our study showed that cadmium affects the structure and ultrastructure of both gonads in soil-dwelling organisms including the activation of cell death processes. However, the male germ line cells are more sensitive to cadmium than female germ line cells. We also observed that germ line cells are protected by the somatic cells of both gonads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Poprawa
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Chachulska-Żymełka
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Wilczek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Leśniewska
- Department of General Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pastorino P, Bertoli M, Brizio P, Abete MC, Dalla Nora V, Prearo M, Pizzul E. First Insights Into Trace Element Accumulation by Philoscia affinis (Crustacea, Isopoda): a Novel Tracer to Assess Soil Contamination in Lowland Plains? Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4782-4791. [PMID: 33423135 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Isopods are terrestrial invertebrates that accumulate trace elements in large quantities, thus providing information on levels of soil contamination. However, the accumulation pattern seems to be species dependent. For this study, specimens of Philoscia affinis (Isopoda, Oniscidea) and soil samples were collected from both a protected area (site 1) and urban roadside (site 2) in the low plain of Friuli-Venezia Giulia (northeast Italy) to determine whether P. affinis could serve as a potential candidate for monitoring soil contamination. To do this, the following objectives were achieved: a) the level of trace elements (Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn) were detected in soils and isopods; 2) the difference in trace elements accumulation was compared in the two sampling sites; 3) the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated for each element. With some exceptions, trace element concentrations were higher in both isopods and soil samples from the urban roadside compared to the protected area. Furthermore, except for Cd, Cu, and Zn, trace element levels were higher in the soil than in the isopod samples. The higher mean BAF values were recorded for Cd (6.169 and 6.974 for site 1 and 2, respectively), Cu (10.324 and 11.452 for site 1 and 2, respectively), and Zn (1.836 and 2: 1.943 for site 1 and 2, respectively), whereas BAF values <1 were recorded for the other elements. Philoscia affinis was found to be a potential candidate to monitor soil contamination as a macro-concentrator of Cu and Cd and a micro-concentrator of Zn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy.
| | - Marco Bertoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Brizio
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy
| | - Maria Cesarina Abete
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy
| | - Vittoria Dalla Nora
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marino Prearo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, and Valle d'Aosta, via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino, Liguria, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pizzul
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nutz B, Rupp U, Walther P, Ziegler A. The epidermis cells of mandible teeth in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber: Differentiations for mineralisation with calcium phosphate and carbonate. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2021; 65:101101. [PMID: 34500136 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Generally, the mineralisation of the crustacean cuticle occurs when the cuticle has expanded after moulting. However, in the partes incisivae of Porcellio scaber, cuticle mineralisation with calcium phosphate already occurs before the moult. We investigated the ultrastructure and distribution of organelles within the epidermis cells and searched for calcium-containing organelles using EDX and EFTEM analysis. We found two different cell types. Calcium carbonate-secreting C-cells, which resemble the epithelial cells of the general integument, and the P-cells, which, as an unusual feature, have cell extensions up to 400 μm long. During secretion of the partes incisivae, these extensions end at the unmineralised tip and the phosphate-containing middle region. Their cell bodies contain most of the mitochondria located in basal folds and a high amount of endoplasmic reticulum. The cell extensions contain many microtubules, endoplasmic reticulum, large and small vesicles and densely stained rod-shaped cisternae. The rod-shaped cisternae and the endoplasmic reticulum contain calcium. During cuticle mineralisation, vesicles, which probably belong to the endo-lysosomal system, contain calcium and phosphorus. They occur at some distance and close to the cuticle. The mineral in these vesicles has a similar composition to that within the cuticle, suggesting that they play a role in cuticle mineralisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Nutz
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biochemical and histological alterations induced by nickel oxide nanoparticles in the ground beetle Blaps polychresta (Forskl, 1775) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255623. [PMID: 34559804 PMCID: PMC8462711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles on some biochemical parameters and midgut tissues in the ground beetle Blaps polychresta as an indicator organism for nanotoxicity. Serial doses of the NiO-NPs colloid (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 mg/g) were prepared for injecting into the adult beetles. Insect survival was reported daily for 30 days, and the sublethal dose of 0.02 mg/g NiO-NPs was selected for the tested parameters. After the treatment, nickel was detected in the midgut tissues by X-ray microanalysis. The treated group demonstrated a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities when compared to the untreated group. However, the treated group demonstrated a significant decrease in ascorbate peroxidase (APOX) activity when compared to the untreated group. Histological and ultrastructural changes in the midgut tissues of treated and untreated beetles were also observed. The current findings provide a precedent for describing the physiological and histological changes caused by NiO-NPs in the ground beetle B. polychresta.
Collapse
|
6
|
Naikoo MI, Raghib F, Dar MI, Khan FA, Hessini K, Ahmad P. Uptake, accumulation and elimination of cadmium in a soil - Faba bean (Vicia faba) - Aphid (Aphis fabae) - Ladybird (Coccinella transversalis) food chain. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130522. [PMID: 33866104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a highly mobile toxic heavy metal and a serious hazard to the biosphere. We studied uptake, accumulation and elimination of cadmium in a soil - faba bean - aphid - ladybird food chain. The soil in the study was amended with Cd at concentrations 0, 5, 10, 20 and, 30 mg kg-1 (w/w). We noted significant Cd transfer in a dose-dependent manner. Cadmium biomagnified in faba bean roots and aphids while biominimized in ladybirds as revealed by their respective transfer coefficients. The concentration-dependent removal of Cd from aphids through excretion via honeydew as well as through pupal exuviae of ladybirds during metamorphosis links to possible mechanisms of Cd detoxification at these trophic levels, which regulates the bioaccumulation of Cd along the food chain. These findings press for the advance studies to find and understand the physiological pathways and mechanisms leading to bio-minimization of Cd across the food chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Irfan Naikoo
- Plant Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
| | - Fariha Raghib
- Plant Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Mudasir Irfan Dar
- Plant Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Fareed Ahmad Khan
- Plant Ecology and Environment Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Kamel Hessini
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tibbett M, Green I, Rate A, De Oliveira VH, Whitaker J. The transfer of trace metals in the soil-plant-arthropod system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146260. [PMID: 33744587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Essential and non-essential trace metals are capable of causing toxicity to organisms above a threshold concentration. Extensive research has assessed the behaviour of trace metals in biological and ecological systems, but has typically focused on single organisms within a trophic level and not on multi-trophic transfer through terrestrial food chains. This reinforces the notion of metal toxicity as a closed system, failing to consider one trophic level as a pollution source to another; therefore, obscuring the full extent of ecosystem effects. Given the relatively few studies on trophic transfer of metals, this review has taken a compartment-based approach, where transfer of metals through trophic pathways is considered as a series of linked compartments (soil-plant-arthropod herbivore-arthropod predator). In particular, we consider the mechanisms by which trace metals are taken up by organisms, the forms and transformations that can occur within the organism and the consequences for trace metal availability to the next trophic level. The review focuses on four of the most prevalent metal cations in soil which are labile in terrestrial food chains: Cd, Cu, Zn and Ni. Current knowledge of the processes and mechanisms by which these metals are transformed and moved within and between trophic levels in the soil-plant-arthropod system are evaluated. We demonstrate that the key factors controlling the transfer of trace metals through the soil-plant-arthropod system are the form and location in which the metal occurs in the lower trophic level and the physiological mechanisms of each organism in regulating uptake, transformation, detoxification and transfer. The magnitude of transfer varies considerably depending on the trace metal concerned, as does its toxicity, and we conclude that biomagnification is not a general property of plant-arthropod and arthropod-arthropod systems. To deliver a more holistic assessment of ecosystem toxicity, integrated studies across ecosystem compartments are needed to identify critical pathways that can result in secondary toxicity across terrestrial food-chains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tibbett
- Department of Sustainable Land Management & Soil Research Centre, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Iain Green
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Andrew Rate
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Vinícius H De Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Jeanette Whitaker
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rupp U, Walther P, Ziegler A. Intracellular calcium phosphate deposits contribute to transcellular calcium transport within the hepatopancreas of Porcellio scaber. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107613. [PMID: 32891730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Like in most Crustacea, the cuticle of terrestrial isopods is hardened by a calcareous mineral phase. This rigid cuticle is frequently shed during a process called moulting. To reduce calcium loss, Porcellio scaber eats the shed cuticle, the exuviae, and absorb the calcium from it through large tubular diverticula of the intestine, called the mid gut glands or hepatopancreas. After moulting the absorbed calcium should be transported immediately into the hemolymph from which it is used to rapidly mineralize the new cuticle. This suggests that the hepatopancreas epithelium transports calcium from the lumen to the hemolymph. We used TEM, energy-filtered TEM and electron-probe X-ray microanalysis to analyse the distribution of elevated calcium within the hepatopancreas cells of P. scaber. We used animals in the postmoult stage that have eaten their exuviae and, as a control, those that have not ingested the exuviae. To minimize calcium loss within the samples, we used high pressure frozen and freeze substituted samples and propane-1-3-diol as floatation medium for thin-sectioning. The results reveal intracellular dense deposits containing calcium, phosphorus and oxygen at the apical microvillus membrane, within the cytoplasm, attached to vesicles and to the basolateral membrane, as well as extracellular between cells and the basal lamina. Control animals were devoid of these deposits. The results indicate that calcium from the exuviae is absorbed and transported across the epithelium into the hemolymph. We propose that during transport, intracellular calcium is bound to phosphate avoiding toxic effects of high concentrations of ionized calcium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rost-Roszkowska M, Poprawa I, Chajec Ł, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Leśniewska M, Student S. Effects of short- and long-term exposure to cadmium on salivary glands and fat body of soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda): Histology and ultrastructure. Micron 2020; 137:102915. [PMID: 32652474 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is the most widely studied heavy metal in terms of food-chain accumulation and contamination because it can strongly affect all environments (e.g., soil, water, air). It can accumulate in different tissues and organs and can affect the organism at different levels of organization: from organs, tissues and cells though cell organelles and structures to activation of mechanisms of survival and cell death. In soil-dwelling organisms heavy metals gather in all tissues with accumulation properties: midgut, salivary glands, fat body. The aim of this study was to describe the effects of cadmium on the soil species Lithobius forficatus, mainly on two organs responsible for gathering different substances, the fat body and salivary glands, at the ultrastructural level. Changes caused by cadmium short- and long-term intoxication, connected with cell death (autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis), and the crosstalk between them, were analyzed. Adult specimens of L. forficatus were collected in a natural environment and divided into three experimental groups: C (the control group), Cd1 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 12 days) and Cd2 (cultured in soil with 80 mg/kg of CdCl2 for 45 days). Transmission electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural alterations in both of the organs analyzed (reduction in the amount of reserve material, the appearance of vacuoles, etc.). Qualitative analysis using TUNEL assay revealed distinct crosstalk between autophagy and necrosis in the fat body adipocytes, while crosstalk between autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in the salivary glands was detected in salivary glands of the centipedes examined here. We conclude that different organs in the body can react differently to the same stressor, as well as to the same concentration and time of exposure. Different mechanisms at the ultrastructural level activate different types of cell death and with different dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Izabela Poprawa
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Chajec
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Chachulska-Żymełka
- University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Bankowa 9, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Leśniewska
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of General Zoology, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland; Silesian University of Technology, Biotechnology Centre, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soil Physicochemical Properties, Metal Deposition, and Ultrastructural Midgut Changes in Ground Beetles, Calosoma chlorostictum, under Agricultural Pollution. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12124805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unsustainable agricultural practices that minimize soil organic matter can promote the removal of heavy metal pollutants into the food chain. Such polluted soils can release contaminants into the groundwater, which leads to accumulation in plant tissue that is transferred to animals, birds, insects, and humans. Biomonitors of soil pollution with heavy metals can be identified by the ground beetles Calosoma chlorostictum (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators of soil quality and its yield sustainability. The experiment was performed on two sites in Zagazig City (30.62° N, 31.44° E), Egypt. The physicochemical parameters indicated that soil moisture and organic matter had the highest differences in the polluted agricultural soil compared to the reference soil. However, there were no significant differences in chloride content. The atomic absorption analysis exhibited the highest concentration recorded for arsenic (As) and the lowest for selenium (Se) in the polluted soil and the insect’s midgut. Meanwhile, the differences between heavy metal concentrations in the total soil and midgut of C. chlorostictum from current sites indicated that the highest differences were in aluminum (Al) and mercury (Hg), while arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were the lowest. Furthermore, the correlation between heavy metal concentrations in the soil and insect midgut was highest in As, while the lowest correlation was noticed in Al. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that showed a more considerable disturbance in the C. chlorostictum midgut epithelial layer collected from the agricultural area than in the insects collected from the reference area. Evident ultrastructural alterations showed a rupture and distortion of microvilli, destruction of the columnar and regenerative cells, large separation between epithelial cells, and stretching of the cellular axis, as a result of which the lumen became very narrow. Moreover, a lot of vacuoles with little enzyme secretion were observed in the columnar epithelial cells. In addition, other manifestations due to pollution with heavy metals such as a pyknotic nucleus with abnormal chromatin, cytoplasmic vacuolization, disruptions, and vacuolation of mitochondria were detected, as well as the appearance of electron-dense vesicles, a lot of lysosomes, large myelin figures, and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum on account of soil contamination. Potential counteractive health influence in such applications could be avoided if the soil was adequately treated.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rost-Roszkowska M, Poprawa I, Chajec Ł, Chachulska-Żymełka A, Wilczek G, Wilczek P, Student S, Skowronek M, Nadgórska-Socha A, Leśniewska M. Influence of soil contaminated with cadmium on cell death in the digestive epithelium of soil centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1757168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rost-Roszkowska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - I. Poprawa
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ł. Chajec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - A. Chachulska-Żymełka
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - G. Wilczek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - P. Wilczek
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Heart Prosthesis Institute, Zabrze, Poland
| | - S. Student
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - M. Skowronek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - A. Nadgórska-Socha
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - M. Leśniewska
- Department of General Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
O'Callaghan I, Harrison S, Fitzpatrick D, Sullivan T. The freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus as a model biomonitor of environmental pollution: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:498-509. [PMID: 31276864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic substances pollute freshwater systems worldwide, with serious, long-lasting effects to aquatic biota. Present methods of detecting elevated levels of trace metal pollutants are typically accurate but expensive, and therefore not suitable for applications requiring high spatial resolution. Additionally, these methods are not efficient solutions for the determination of long-term averages of pollution concentration. This is the rationale for the implementation of a biomonitoring programme as an alternative means of pollutant detection. This review summarises recent literature concerning the past and potential uses of the benthic isopod Asellus aquaticus as a biomonitor for pollution in freshwater systems. Recent studies indicate that A. aquaticus is well suited for this purpose. However, the mechanisms by which it bioaccumulates toxins have yet to be fully understood. In particular, the interactions between coexisting trace metal pollutants in the aquatic environment have only recently been considered, and it remains unclear how a biomonitoring programme should adapt to the effects of these interactions. It is evident that failing to account for these additional stressors will result in an ineffective biomonitoring programme; for this reason, a comprehensive understanding of the bioaccumulation mechanisms is required in order to reliably anticipate the effects of any interferences on the outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene O'Callaghan
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland; School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Simon Harrison
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Timothy Sullivan
- School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rupp U, Ziegler A. The effect of exuviae ingestion on lysosomal calcium accumulation and the presence of exosomes in the hepatopancreas of Porcellio scaber. J Struct Biol 2019; 208:107392. [PMID: 31550534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The hepatopancreas of isopods has major functions in food digestion and storage of carbohydrates and lipids. Also, it stores essential and accumulates xenobiotic metals in lysosomal granules within the two major cell types, the S- and B-cells of the tissue. A µCT study on moulting Porcellio scaber has shown mineral within the hepatopancreas lumen, when the animal has ingested their shed cuticle after moulting, suggesting recycling of mineral from the exuviae. This study aims to reveal if the lysosomal metal containing granules store calcium originating from the ingested exuviae. Therefore, we investigated the effect of cuticle ingestion on the elemental composition of the hepatopancreas granules of P. scaber, using electron probe X-ray microanalysis. For the preservation of diffusible elements, samples were high pressure frozen and freeze substituted in acetone and we used Propane-1,3-diol as a floatation medium for sections. We analyzed S- and B-cells of animals in the postmoult and intermoult stage that have ingested their exuviae and, as a negative control, cells from postmoult animals that have not ingested their exuviae. STEM and TEM were used for the investigation of the ultrastructure. Unexpectedly, the cryo-fixed samples contain numerous extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and many multivesicular bodies containing pro-exosomes. We show a significant increase of calcium, copper, zinc and sulphur within the metal granules upon exuviae ingestion, and, after 9 days, a reduction of calcium and zinc. The results indicate transitory storage of calcium from the exuviae within the metal granules and its subsequent utilization in cuticle mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kheirallah DAM, Samad LME. Histological and Ultrastructure Alterations in the Midgut of Blaps polycresta and Trachyderma hispida (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Induced by Heavy Metals Pollution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2019.637.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
15
|
Cardoso DN, Ferreira NGC, Tourinho PS, Santos C, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. Mercury accumulation from food decreases collembolans' growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 668:25-31. [PMID: 30851681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the terrestrial environment, mercury (Hg) contamination can be originated from different inorganic and metal-organic sources, redistributed and transformed in soils. In the present study, the effects of contaminated food with environmentally relevant concentrations of Hg were evaluated in the soil-dwelling invertebrate Folsomia candida. Changes in growth rate and Hg bioaccumulation levels were observed at different concentrations of Hg in food, which can be complementary for data already available for reproduction and survival from standardized protocols. Collembolan growth was recorded every two days, and their growth rate along with a Von Bertalanffy's growth curve were derived showing that growth was dependent on Hg food concentration. Also, the final length of animals reflected the Hg concentration in food, with differences in all treatments comparing to non-exposed organisms. Toxicokinetic patterns from different Hg concentrations in food were not significantly different during the uptake phase, but differences were found in the depuration phase. Combining the two approaches, collembolans seem to invest their energy for depuration processes, neglecting other vital processes, such as growth. Also, contaminated food avoidance possibly occurred, thus decreasing their feeding and contaminant intake. Therefore, growth tests in collembolans can act as complementary tools to bioaccumulation and reproductive assays, towards a mechanistic understanding of how organisms use their energy upon contamination. Changes in growth rate, even at low and environmentally relevant concentrations, could be a warning signal when occurring in species with key roles in ecosystems. Also, this study highlights the importance of these complementary tests for a better and complete approach to risk assessment studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Nuno G C Ferreira
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paula S Tourinho
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cátia Santos
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Potential Possibilities of Soil Mesofauna Usage for Biodiagnostics of Soil Contamination by Heavy Metals. EKOLÓGIA (BRATISLAVA) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/eko-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The study of potential possibilities of mesofauna as bioindicator of soil contamination by heavy metals is one of the most important areas of urban ecology and soil biology. The work presents the results of ecotoxicological and bioindicative assessment of the environment and the biota of the Melitopol urbosystem of Ukraine. The dynamics of chemical properties of soils in different functional zones of the city is analysed. The complex indices of pollution of environmental components are determined. A bioindicative assessment of the ecological condition of the territory of the urbosystem on the indicators of vitality of the soil mesofauna is carried out. For the first time, regional species-bioindicators for the territory of the city of Melitopol were determined. The ecomorphic structure of soil mesofauna of various functional zones of the city was revealed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Polidori C, Pastor A, Jorge A, Pertusa J. Ultrastructural Alterations of Midgut Epithelium, But Not Greater Wing Fluctuating Asymmetry, in Paper Wasps (Polistes dominula) from Urban Environments. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2018; 24:183-192. [PMID: 29560839 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polistes paper wasps can be used to monitor trace metal contaminants, but the effects of pollution on the health of these insects are still unknown. We evaluated, in a south-eastern area of Spain, whether workers of Polistes dominula collected at urban and rural sites differ in health of midgut tissue and in fluctuating asymmetry, an estimate of developmental noise. We found that wasps collected at the urban sites had abundant lead (Pb)-containing spherites, which were less visible in wasps from the rural sites. Evident ultrastructural alterations in the epithelium of the midgut of the wasps collected at the urban sites included broken and disorganized microvilli, a high amount and density of heterochromatin in the nucleus of epithelial cells, cytoplasmic vacuolization and mitochondrial disruptions. Altogether, these findings suggest a negative effect on the transmembrane transport and a less efficient transcription. On the contrary, a healthy epithelium was observed in wasps from the rural sites. These differences may be preliminarily linked with levels of lead pollution, given that wasps from urban sites had double the Pb concentrations of wasps from rural sites. Level of fluctuating asymmetry was unrelated to wasp origin, thus suggesting no link between developmental noise and Pb-driven pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Polidori
- 1Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM),Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha,Avenida Carlos III,s/n,45071 Toledo,Spain
| | - Agustín Pastor
- 2Departament de Química Analítica,Universitat de València,C/ Dr Moliner 50,ES-46100,Burjassot,Valencia,Spain
| | - Alberto Jorge
- 3Laboratorio de Microscopia,Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC),C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2,ES-28006,Madrid,Spain
| | - José Pertusa
- 4Departament de Biologia Funcional i Antropologia Física,Universitat de València,C/ Dr Moliner 50,ES-46100,Burjassot,Valencia,Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Coelho MPM, Moreira-de-Sousa C, de Souza RB, Ansoar-Rodríguez Y, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Fontanetti CS. Toxicity evaluation of vinasse and biosolid samples in diplopod midgut: heat shock protein in situ localization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:22007-22017. [PMID: 28785943 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of residues generated by agricultural, urban and industrial activities are dumped daily on the soil. This practice deserves special attention because it causes serious environmental problems. This study evaluated the toxic potential of the sugarcane vinasse, a by-product of the sugar-alcohol industry, and the biosolid, a residue produced by wastewater treatment plants, both widely used as fertilizers. The evaluation was performed through bioassays using a typical soil bioindicator, the diplopod Rhinocricus padbergi. The specimens were exposed to soils containing these residues in concentrations that are compatible with the Brazilian regulation for agricultural use. Semi-quantitative immunolabelling analyses of the stress protein HSP70 were performed on the midgut of the studied diplopods. There was a significant increase in the immunolabelling of HSP70 proteins as a response to xenobiotics from both residues, particularly in regions where the function of the cells is the detoxification of the organ (e.g. the hepatic cell layer and specific regions of the epithelium). Higher immunolabelling was observed in the specimens exposed to vinasse in comparison with the biosolid exposure. This demonstrates that the substances in the tested residues had proteotoxic action in the exposed animals and induced a cytoprotective response, which led to higher stress protein immunolabelling. Therefore, caution is needed for the use of such residues in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Mancini Coelho
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Moreira-de-Sousa
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Raphael Bastão de Souza
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | - Yadira Ansoar-Rodríguez
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil
| | | | - Carmem Silvia Fontanetti
- Department of Biology, Biosciences Institute, UNESP (São Paulo State University), Av. 24-A, 1515, Rio Claro, São Paulo, 13506-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Giglio A, Brandmayr P. Structural and functional alterations in Malpighian tubules as biomarkers of environmental pollution: synopsis and prospective. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:889-894. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Giglio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra; Università della Calabria; Rende Italy
| | - Pietro Brandmayr
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienze della Terra; Università della Calabria; Rende Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moreira-de-Sousa C, Iamonte M, Fontanetti CS. Midgut of the diplopod Urostreptus atrobrunneus: structure, function, and redefinition of hepatic cells. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 0:0. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.11715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Diplopods are considered important macroarthropods the soil as part of its maintenance and balance. These animals usually do not occur in high densities, but population explosions caused by environmental disturbances, climate changes, and use of pesticides that eliminate possible competitors, have been reported. The millipede Urostreptus atrobrunneus Pierozzi and Fontanetti, 2006 have become a nuisance to humans in infestation sites in urban centers of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. As a contribution to the understanding of this potential pest, this study describes the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of the U. atrobrunneus midgut, and presents the redefinition of hepatic cells somewhat controversial in the literature. The region of the midgut is characterized by the absence of a cuticular intima, and composed of a pseudostratified epithelium on a thick basal membrane, followed by a muscle layer, a layer of hepatic cells, lined by an external membrane. The morphology observed in U. atrobrunneus is similar to that reported for other species of diplopods. The hepatic cells have been previously described as randomly without forming a layer, however, the present results clearly demonstrate that these cells form a continuous layer over the whole midgut.
Collapse
|
21
|
Christofoletti CA, Francisco A, Pedro-Escher J, Gastaldi VD, Fontanetti CS. Diplopods as Soil Bioindicators of Toxicity After Application of Residues From Sewage Treatment Plants and Ethanol Industry. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:1098-1110. [PMID: 27786153 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Residues like sewage sludge and vinasse have been reused as agricultural fertilizers, but they also present a potential to contaminate soils. Diplopods have been considered excellent bioindicators of soil contamination. In the present study, Rhinocricus padbergi were used to assess toxicity in samples of sewage sludge, biosolids, and sugarcane vinasse. The behavioral analysis, mortality rate, and histological, histochemical, and ultrastructural analyses of the midgut of diplopods were the parameters evaluated. Behaviorally, some diplopods avoided burying themselves after 30 days in soil with biosolid or vinasse. Besides, certain residue combinations were able to cause death of all individuals between 60 and 90 days of exposure. The main tissue responses were significant brush border thickening, induction of epithelial renovation, clustering of hemocytes, accumulation of cytoplasmic granules in hepatic cells, hepatic cells with heteropycnotic nuclei, and cytoplasmic degradation. Alterations were observed at various levels among treatments with different samples and exposure times. Ultrastructural analysis revealed elongation of microvilli coated with a layer of an amorphous substance, resulting in a thicker brush border as observed in the histological analysis. After 30 days of exposure, animals showed an accumulation of spherocrystals in hepatic cells and high absorption of substances, based on the elongation of microvilli. Results obtained in the chemical analysis and the behaviors observed in diplopods suggest that animals processed the residues. Therefore, caution should be exercised in the disposal of these residues in agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cintya A Christofoletti
- 1UNESP (São Paulo State University),Institute of Biosciences,Department of Biology,Av. 24-A,n°1515,13506-900,Rio Claro,São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Annelise Francisco
- 1UNESP (São Paulo State University),Institute of Biosciences,Department of Biology,Av. 24-A,n°1515,13506-900,Rio Claro,São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Janaína Pedro-Escher
- 1UNESP (São Paulo State University),Institute of Biosciences,Department of Biology,Av. 24-A,n°1515,13506-900,Rio Claro,São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Vinícius D Gastaldi
- 1UNESP (São Paulo State University),Institute of Biosciences,Department of Biology,Av. 24-A,n°1515,13506-900,Rio Claro,São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Carmem S Fontanetti
- 1UNESP (São Paulo State University),Institute of Biosciences,Department of Biology,Av. 24-A,n°1515,13506-900,Rio Claro,São Paulo,Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Francisco A, Christofoletti CA, Righetto Neto N, Fontanetti CS. Histopathological changes in the perivisceral fat body of Rhinocricus padbergi (Diplopoda, Spirobolida) triggered by biosolids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:18590-18600. [PMID: 26396012 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human activities generate a great amount of sewage daily, which is dumped into the sewer system. After sewage-treatment processes, sewage sludge is generated. Such byproduct can be treated by different methods; the result of treatment is a stabilized compost of reduced pathogenicity that has a similar inorganic chemical composition to the raw sewage sludge. After such pretreatment, sewage sludge is called a biosolids, and it can be used in agriculture. In this contest, the present study evaluated the effects of a sample of biosolids on the perivisceral fat body of a diplopod. These invertebrates are soil organisms that play an important role in the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems, and as a consequence, they are in contact with xenobiotics present in this environmental compartment. Special emphasis is given on the interpretation of the effects of complex mixtures in target organs of diplopods. A semiquantitative analysis for the evaluation of histopathological changes in the perivisceral fat body was proposed. The sample-induced histopathological and ultrastructural changes in individuals exposed to it, and the severity of the effects was positively related to the exposure time, resulting in the deaths of exposed individuals after 90 days. Thus, the results indicate the need for caution in the use of biosolids as well as the need for improving waste management techniques, so they will produce environmentally innocuous final products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Francisco
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Av. 24-A, n°1515, CP 199, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Nilton Righetto Neto
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Av. 24-A, n°1515, CP 199, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Carmem Silvia Fontanetti
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, Av. 24-A, n°1515, CP 199, CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shu Y, Zhou J, Lu K, Li K, Zhou Q. Response of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura to lead stress: changes in sex ratio, Pb accumulations, midgut cell ultrastructure. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 139:441-451. [PMID: 26248226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When cutworm Spodoptera litura larvae were fed on the diets with different lead (Pb) concentrations for one or five generations, changes in growth and food utilization were recorded; Pb accumulations were detected by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer; changes in midgut cell ultrastructure were observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The effects of Pb stress on S. litura growth and food utilization differed significantly between insects of the 1st and 5th generation. The male-female rate of 200mgkg(-1) Pb treatment from the 1st generation and 50mgkg(-1) Pb treatment from the 5th generation was significantly higher than control. No significant difference of Pb accumulations was found in larvae, pupae and adults between the 1st and 5th generation. No significant difference of Pb accumulations in corresponding tissues of larvae was found between male and female. Compared to fat body, hemolymph, head, foregut and hindgut, the highest Pb accumulation was found in migut of larvae exposed to 200mgkg(-1) Pb. TEM showed that expanded intercellular spaces were observed in Pb-treated midgut cells. The nuclei were strongly destroyed by Pb stress, evidenced by chromatin condensation and destroyed nuclear envelope. Mitochondria became swollen with some broken cristae after exposure to Pb. Therefore, neither gender nor progeny difference was present in Pb accumulations of S. litura, although effects of Pb stress on S. litura growth and food utilization differed from different generations and genders. Pb accumulations in midgut caused pathological changes in cells ultrastructure, possibly reflected the growth and food utilization of S. litura.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Shu
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Biological Control and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jialiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Keqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agroecology and Rural Environment of Guangdong Regular Higher Education Institutions, Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Control and Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ferreira NGC, Saborano R, Morgado R, Cardoso DN, Rocha CM, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S, Duarte IF. Metabolic responses of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus to nickel exposure assessed by (1)H NMR metabolomics. J Proteomics 2015; 137:59-67. [PMID: 26385004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This work aimed at characterizing the metabolome of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus and at assessing its variations over 14 days under laboratory culture conditions and upon exposure to the contaminant metal Nickel (Ni). The spectral profiles obtained by (1)H NMR spectroscopy were thoroughly assigned and subjected to multivariate analysis in order to highlight consistent changes. Over 50 metabolites could be identified, providing considerable new knowledge on the metabolome of these model organisms. Several metabolites changed non-linearly with Ni dose and exposure time, showing distinct variation patterns for initial (4 days) and later time points (7 and 14 days). In particular, at day 4, several amino acids were increased and sugars were decreased (compared to controls), whereas these variations were inverted for longer exposure, possibly reflecting earlier and more intensive moulting. Other variations, namely in betaines and choline-containing compounds, were suggested to relate with osmoregulation and detoxification mechanisms. Ni also had a marked effect on several nucleotides (increased upon exposure) and a moderate impact on lipids (decreased upon exposure). Overall, this study has provided new information on the Ni-induced metabolic adaptations of the P. pruinosus isopod, paving the way for improved mechanistic understanding of how these model organisms handle soil contamination. SIGNIFICANCE This study provided, for the first time to our knowledge, a detailed picture of the NMR-detectable metabolome of terrestrial isopods and of its fluctuations in time and upon exposure to the contaminant metal Nickel. Several time- and dose-dependent changes were highlighted, providing mechanistic insight into how these important model organisms handle Ni contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno G C Ferreira
- Department of Biology & CESAM,University of Aveiro,3810-193Aveiro,Portugal
| | - Raquel Saborano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry,University of Aveiro,3810-193Aveiro,Portugal
| | - Rui Morgado
- Department of Biology & CESAM,University of Aveiro,3810-193Aveiro,Portugal
| | - Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & CESAM,University of Aveiro,3810-193Aveiro,Portugal
| | - Cláudia M Rocha
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry,University of Aveiro,3810-193Aveiro,Portugal
| | | | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM,University of Aveiro,3810-193Aveiro,Portugal.
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry,University of Aveiro,3810-193Aveiro,Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
da Silva Souza T, Christofoletti CA, Bozzatto V, Fontanetti CS. The use of diplopods in soil ecotoxicology - a review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 103:68-73. [PMID: 24215849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diplopods play an important role in the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems, actively participating in the decomposition of organic matter and soil aeration. They have gained increased attention from ecotoxicology research because they are continuously exposed to soil contaminants and biological effects of chemical stressors can be measurable at various levels of biological organization. This paper is the first review on the use of diplopods as soil bioindicators and compiles the effects of the different toxic chemical agents on these animals. Special emphasis is given on the interpretation of the effects of heavy metals and complex mixtures in target organs of diplopods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana da Silva Souza
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, UFES, Alto Universitário, s/número Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brasil.
| | - Cintya Aparecida Christofoletti
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
| | - Vlamir Bozzatto
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
| | - Carmem Silvia Fontanetti
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Avenida 24A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chajec L, Sonakowska L, Rost-Roszkowska MM. The fine structure of the midgut epithelium in a centipede, Scolopendra cingulata (Chilopoda, Scolopendridae), with the special emphasis on epithelial regeneration. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2014; 43:27-42. [PMID: 23831526 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Scolopendra cingulata has a tube-shaped digestive system that is divided into three distinct regions: fore-, mid- and hindgut. The midgut is lined with a pseudostratified columnar epithelium which is composed of digestive, secretory and regenerative cells. Hemocytes also appear between the digestive cells of the midgut epithelium. The ultrastructure of three types of epithelial cells and hemocytes of the midgut has been described with the special emphasis on the role of regenerative cells in the protection of midgut epithelium. The process of midgut epithelium regeneration proceeds due to the ability of regenerative cells to proliferate and differentiate according to a circadian rhythm. The regenerative cells serve as unipotent stem cells that divide in an asymmetric manner. Additionally, two types of hemocytes have been distinguished among midgut epithelial cells. They enter the midgut epithelium from the body cavity. Because of the fact that numerous microorganisms occur in the cytoplasm of midgut epithelial cells, we discuss the role of hemocytes in elimination of pathogens from the midgut epithelium. The studies were conducted with the use of transmission electron microscope and immunofluorescent methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Chajec
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | - Lidia Sonakowska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shu Y, Zhang G, Wang J. Response of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura to zinc stress: Zn accumulation, metallothionein and cell ultrastructure of the midgut. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 438:210-217. [PMID: 23000546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
By exposing the common cutworm Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae to a range of Zinc (Zn) stress, we investigated the effects of dietary Zn on Zn accumulation, metallothionein (MT), and on the ultrastructure of the midgut. The techniques we used were inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), real-time PCR combined with cadmium-hemoglobin total saturation, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. There was a significant dose-response relationship between the Zn accumulations in the midgut of the larvae and the Zn concentrations in the diet. Furthermore, both MT content and MT gene expression in the midgut were significantly induced in the 50-500 mg Zn/kg treatments, and were significantly positively correlated with the Zn accumulations in the midgut. When S. litura larvae were fed with the diet treated with 500 mg Zn/kg, Zn accumulation and MT content in the midgut was 4450.85 mg Zn/kg and 372.77 mg/kg, respectively, thereafter there was a little increase; the level of MT gene expression was maximal, thereafter there was a sharp decrease. TEM showed that numerous electron-dense granules (EDGs) and vacuoles appeared in the cytoplasm of the midgut cells, their number and size being closely correlated with the Zn accumulations in the midgut. Moreover, the nuclei were strongly influenced by Zn stress, evidenced by chromatin condensation and irregular nuclear membranes. Therefore, after being exposed to Zn in the threshold (500 mg Zn/kg) range, S. litura larvae could accumulate Zn in the midgut, which led to the induction of MT and changes in cell ultrastructure (mainly the presence of EDGs). The induction of MT and precipitation of Zn in EDGs may be the effective detoxification mechanisms by which the herbivorous insect S. litura defends itself against heavy metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Shu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environments in Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Merlini VV, Nogarol LR, Marin-Morales MA, Fontanetti CS. Toxicity of trifluralin herbicide in a representative of the edaphic fauna: histopathology of the midgut of Rhinocricus padbergi (Diplopoda). Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1361-9. [PMID: 22623053 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to use the diplopod Rhinocricus padbergi as test organism to verify the possible toxic effects of the herbicide trifluralin in a representative of the edaphic fauna. Histological and histochemical techniques were applied in the midgut of the animals after exposure to different concentrations of trifluralin for 7 and 90 days (acute and subchronic exposure, respectively). The individuals from the control group did not present alterations to any of the exposures. In the acute exposure, the group exposed to a quarter and half of the field dose presented an accumulation of cytoplasmic granules in the hepatic cells; the field dose group presented an increase in the rate of epithelial renewal and the group exposed to double the field concentration presented an increase in the release of secretory vesicles. The subchronic response was obtained with the field dose and double field dose because the animals from a quarter and half groups did not survive until the end of the experiment. In both groups, the animals presented disruption of the epithelium and higher occurrence of hemocytes among the hepatic cells. The group exposed to double the field dose presented sites of cytoplasmic vacuolization, dilatation of the intercellular space, increase in the epithelial renewal, and release of secretory vesicles. The results alert for a careful use of this herbicide, since it promoted alterations in the midgut cells of the test organism used.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gomes FM, Carvalho DB, Peron AC, Saito K, Miranda K, Machado EA. Inorganic polyphosphates are stored in spherites within the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis and play a role in copper detoxification. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 58:211-219. [PMID: 21946413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphates (PolyP) are widespread molecules that have been shown to play a role in metal detoxification and heavy-metal tolerance. In the present report, we investigated the functional role of spherites as PolyP-metal binding stores in epithelial cells of the midgut of Anticarsia gemmatalis, a lepidopteran pest of soybean. PolyP stores were detected by DAPI staining and indirect immunohistochemistry as vesicles distributed in columnar cells and around goblet cell cavities. These PolyP vesicles were identified as spherites by their elemental profile in cell lysates that were partially modulated by P- or V-ATPases. PolyP levels along the midgut were detected using a recombinant exopolyphosphatase assay. When copper was added in the diet of larva, copper detection in spherites by X-ray microanalysis correlated with an increase in the relative phosphorous X-ray signal and with an increase in PolyP levels in epithelia cell lysate. Transmission electron microscopy of chemically fixed or cryofixed and freeze substituted tissues confirmed a preferential localization of spherites around the goblet cell cavity. Taken together, these results suggest that spherites store high levels of PolyP that are modulated during metal uptake and detoxification. The similarity between PolyP granules and spherites herein described also suggest that PolyP is one of the main phosphorous source of spherites found in different biological models. This suggests physiological roles played by spherites in the midgut of arthropods and mechanisms involved in heavy metal resistance among different insect genera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Gomes
- Laboratório de Entomologia Médica, Programa de Biologia Celular e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Souza TDS, Fontanetti CS. Morphological biomarkers in the Rhinocricus padbergi midgut exposed to contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:10-18. [PMID: 20943271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Morphological studies have been performed in invertebrates to elucidate cellular and/or tissue damage caused by environmental contamination. In present work, the exposure to industrial soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and metals led to histological alterations in the midgut of Rhinocricus padbergi (Diplopoda). The following alterations were observed: increase of cytoplasmic granules in the fat body; increase in the number of regions of the epithelium in the process of renewal; increase in the number of hemocytes present among the cells of the fat body and degenerative changes in the midgut epithelium. Based on the results, we concluded that R. padbergi proved to be an excellent bioindicator for the evaluation of soil quality. The observed changes could be used as biomarkers for assessing sublethal effects of contaminated soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana da Silva Souza
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24 A, no. 1515, CP 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Holmstrup M, Sørensen JG, Overgaard J, Bayley M, Bindesbøl AM, Slotsbo S, Fisker KV, Maraldo K, Waagner D, Labouriau R, Asmund G. Body metal concentrations and glycogen reserves in earthworms (Dendrobaena octaedra) from contaminated and uncontaminated forest soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:190-197. [PMID: 20870326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Stress originating from toxicants such as heavy metals can induce compensatory changes in the energy metabolism of organisms due to increased energy expenses associated with detoxification and excretion processes. These energy expenses may be reflected in the available energy reserves such as glycogen. In a field study the earthworm, Dendrobaena octaedra, was collected from polluted areas, and from unpolluted reference areas. If present in the environment, cadmium, lead and copper accumulated to high concentrations in D. octaedra. In contrast, other toxic metals such as aluminium, nickel and zinc appeared to be regulated and kept at low internal concentrations compared to soil concentrations. Lead, cadmium and copper accumulation did not correlate with glycogen reserves of individual worms. In contrast, aluminium, nickel and zinc were negatively correlated with glycogen reserves. These results suggest that coping with different metals in earthworms is associated with differential energy demands depending on the associated detoxification strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Holmstrup
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
| | - Jesper G Sørensen
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Johannes Overgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Building 131, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mark Bayley
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Building 131, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Bindesbøl
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Building 131, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Karina V Fisker
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Kristine Maraldo
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Waagner
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Building 131, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Labouriau
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Research Centre Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Gert Asmund
- National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Department of Arctic Environment, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Eraly D, Hendrickx F, Bervoets L, Lens L. Experimental exposure to cadmium affects metallothionein-like protein levels but not survival and growth in wolf spiders from polluted and reference populations. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:2124-2131. [PMID: 20363062 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Both local adaptation and acclimation in tolerance mechanisms may allow populations to persist under metal pollution. However, both mechanisms are presumed to incur (energetic) costs and to trade-off with other life-history traits. To test this hypothesis, we exposed Pardosa saltans (Lycosidae) spiderlings originating from metal-polluted and unpolluted sites to a controlled cadmium (Cd) treatment, and compared contents of metal-binding metallothionein-like proteins (MTLPs), internal metal concentrations, and individual survival and growth rates with a reference treatment. While increased MTLP concentrations in offspring originating from both polluted and unpolluted populations upon exposure indicates a plastic tolerance mechanism, survival and growth rates remain largely unaffected, independent of the population of origin. However, MTLP and Cd concentrations were not significantly correlated. We suggest that MTLP production may be an important mechanism enabling P. saltans populations to persist in ecosystems polluted with heavy metals above a certain level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Eraly
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Klann AE, Alberti G. Histological and ultrastructural characterization of the alimentary system of solifuges (Arachnida, Solifugae). J Morphol 2010; 271:225-43. [PMID: 19753651 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Solifuges are voracious and fast predators. Once having captured a prey item, mostly small arthropods or even small vertebrates, they start feeding on their prey by constant chewing movements with their huge chelicerae. At the same time, they squeeze out the soft tissue that passes the anterior lattice-like part of the mouthparts. The digestion of the food takes place in the midgut, which is anatomically highly complex. It consists of the midgut tube from which numerous prosomal and opisthosomal diverticula and tubular lateral branches arise. The dimorphic epithelium of the midgut tube and the diverticula is constituted of digestive and secretory cells. The digestive cells are characterized by an apical tubulus system and contain nutritional vacuoles, lipids, spherites, and glycogen. Secretory cells contain a huge amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum and secretory vacuoles. The lateral branches are ultrastructurally similar to Malpighian tubules and are likely involved in excretion. In contrast to the midgut, the epithelium of the hindgut consists of only one type of cell overlain by a thin cuticle. Digested residuals are stored in the hindgut until defecation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Klann
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Zoologisches Institut & Museum, Johann-Sebastian-Bach-Strabetae 11/12, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wood MD, Leah RT, Jones SR, Copplestone D. Radionuclide transfer to invertebrates and small mammals in a coastal sand dune ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:4062-4074. [PMID: 19345398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
International intercomparisons of models to assess the impact of ionising radiation on wildlife have identified radionuclide transfer assumptions as a significant source of uncertainty in the modelling process. There is a need to improve the underpinning data sets on radionuclide transfer to reduce this uncertainty, especially for poorly-studied ecosystems such as coastal sand dunes. This paper presents the results of the first published study of radionuclide transfer to invertebrates and small mammals in a coastal sand dune ecosystem. Activity concentrations of (137)Cs, (238)Pu, (239+240)Pu and (241)Am are reported for detritivorous, herbivorous, carnivorous and omnivorous biota. Differences in activity concentrations measured in the sand dune biota are related to the trophic level of the organisms and the influence of sea-to-land transfer is apparent in the food chain transfer observed at the site. There are notable differences in the concentration ratios (CRs) calculated for the sand dune biota compared to other terrestrial ecosystems, especially for the small mammals which have CRs that are two orders of magnitude lower than the generic terrestrial ecosystem CRs published by the recent EC EURATOM ERICA project. The lower CRs at the sand dunes may be due to the influence of other cations from the marine environment (e.g. K and Na) on the net radionuclide transfer observed, but further research is required to test this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Wood
- Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research/School of Biological Sciences, Nicholson Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sobotník J, Alberti G, Weyda F, Hubert J. Ultrastructure of the digestive tract in Acarus siro (Acari: Acaridida). J Morphol 2008; 269:54-71. [PMID: 17886888 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The gut of the mite Acarus siro is characterized on the ultrastructural level. It consists of the foregut (pharynx, esophagus), midgut (ventriculus, caeca, colon, intercolon, postcolonic diverticula, postcolon), and hindgut (anal atrium). The gut wall is formed by a single-layered epithelium; only regenerative cells are located basally and these have no contact with the lumen. Eight cell types form the whole gut: (i) simple epithelial cells forming fore- and hindgut; (ii) cells that probably produce the peritrophic membrane; (iii) regenerative cells occurring in the ventriculus, caeca, colon, and intercolon; (iv) spherite cells and (v) digestive cells forming the ventriculus and caeca; (vi) colonic cells and (vii) intercolonic cells; and (viii) cells forming the walls of postcolonic diverticula and postcolon. Spherite and digestive cells change in structure during secretory cycles, which are described and discussed. The cycle of spherite, colonic, and intercolonic cells is terminated by apoptosis. Ingested food is packed into a food bolus surrounded by a single homogeneous peritrophic membrane formed by addition of lamellae that subsequently fuse together. The postcolonic diverticula serve as a shelter for filamentous bacteria, which also are abundant in the intercolon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sobotník
- Research Team of Infochemicals, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Praha 6 Dejvice, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pigino G, Migliorini M, Paccagnini E, Bernini F. Localisation of heavy metals in the midgut epithelial cells of Xenillus tegeocranus (Hermann, 1804) (Acari: Oribatida). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2006; 64:257-63. [PMID: 16460803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2005.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sites of intracellular metal deposition in the midgut ventriculus and in the proventricular glands of Xenillus tegeocranus (Hermann, 1804) (Acari: Oribatida) were studied by TEM. The study aimed to obtain new information on the ultrastructural features of heavy metal compartmentalisation and elimination mechanisms in oribatid mites. Specimens of X. tegeocranus were collected from an abandoned mining and smelting area and from an unpolluted site. A large number of electron-dense granules (EDGs) were detected: concentric spherocrystals were observed mainly in the epithelium of the midgut ventriculus, while homogeneous dark granules were found exclusively in proventricular gland cells. The elemental composition of EDGs, studied by X-ray microanalysis, showed that midgut cells of X. tegeocranus can store metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, and Cu) in granules. The chemical composition of EDGs seems to be influenced by the presence and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, with different kinds of metals accumulating in different types of granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Pigino
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Co-Localization of Copper, Zinc and Lead with Calcium in Their Accumulation Sites in the Housefly’s Abdomen by Micro-PIXE. Mikrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0560-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
38
|
Pigino G, Migliorini M, Paccagnini E, Bernini F, Leonzio C. Fine structure of the midgut and Malpighian papillae in Campodea (Monocampa) quilisi Silvestri, 1932 (Hexapoda, Diplura) with special reference to the metal composition and physiological significance of midgut intracellular electron-dense granules. Tissue Cell 2005; 37:223-32. [PMID: 15936358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2005.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2004] [Revised: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 02/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The fine structure of the midgut and the Malpighian papillae in Campodea (Monocampa) quilisi Silvestri, 1932 (Hexapoda, Diplura) specimens was described. We observed the presence of electron-dense granules (EDGs) in the midgut epithelial cells, similar in genesis, structure and aspect to the type A spherocrystals described in the midgut epithelium of Collembola and Diplopoda. Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used to detect the chemical composition of the granules and to relate it to the concentrations of some potential toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn) in soil and litter. Chemical composition of the granules seems strongly influenced by the presence and bioavailability of heavy metals in the external environment. Specimens from a contaminated abandoned mining and smelting area (Colline Metallifere, southern Tuscany) were able to accumulate Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cu in their midgut EDGs. In addition, we observed that C. (M.) quilisi was able to excrete the metal-containing granules into the external medium by the moulting of the intestinal epithelium. This confirms that the process of ionic retention of midgut cells is particularly significant in animals lacking Malpighian tubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Pigino
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Raessler M, Rothe J, Hilke I. Accurate determination of Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni in woodlice and their skins--is moulting a means of detoxification? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2005; 337:83-90. [PMID: 15626381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni were determined in two different species of woodlice: Porcellio scaber and Porcellio dilatatus. Both P. scaber and P. dilatatus were cultivated under standardized conditions in a climatic chamber. Moreover, skins of the cultivated animals were collected and analysed separately to examine whether moulting is a way of detoxification from these elements. After drying and grinding both animal and skin samples, they were pooled to obtain enough sample material for each species. The pooled samples were digested in pure concentrated nitric acid using microwave-assisted high pressure digestion and, finally, analysed by ICP-OES. Special emphasis was given to quality control. To match the matrix of the samples very closely, the reference materials Dorm-2, Dogfish Muscle (Squalus acanthias) and SRM 1577b Bovine Liver were used to evaluate the whole analytical process including sample digestion. Analyses of the elements in the reference materials were carried out using three different wavelengths for each element simultaneously to check for spectral interferences and to select the wavelengths which were best suited for the analyses. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni in woodlice and their skins indicated that moulting is a possible means of detoxification in the case of Cr and Ni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Raessler
- Max-Planck-Institut fuer Biogeochemie, ChemLab, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 10, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Migliorini M, Pigino G, Bianchi N, Bernini F, Leonzio C. The effects of heavy metal contamination on the soil arthropod community of a shooting range. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2004; 129:331-340. [PMID: 14987819 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2003.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2003] [Accepted: 09/30/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Soils in clay pigeon shooting ranges can be seriously contaminated by heavy metals. The pellets contained in ammunition are composed of Pb, Sb, Ni, Zn, Mn and Cu. The total concentrations of these metals in soils, and the effects of their increasing levels on the arthropod community were investigated at seven sampling sites in a clay pigeon shooting range and compared with two controls. Research revealed that the spatial distribution of Pb and Sb contamination in the shot-fall area was strongly correlated with the flight path of the pellets. Ordination obtained through Redundance Analysis showed that Collembola, Protura and Diplura were positively correlated with major detected contaminants (Pb, Sb), while Symphyla showed a negative correlation with these pollutants. Determination of the soluble lead fraction in soil, and of its bioaccumulation in the saprophagous Armadillidium sordidum (Isopoda) and the predator Ocypus olens (Coleoptera), showed that a significant portion of metallic Pb from spent pellets is bioavailable in the soil and can be bioaccumulated by edaphic organisms, entering the soil trophic network, but without biomagnification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Migliorini
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, via A Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Large membrane-bound inclusions were clearly visible within the gastrodermis and lipid-containing cells of planulae and settled larvae of the zooxanthellate coral, Pocillopora damicornis after fixation or freeze-substitution. We suggest that these inclusions may be a novel potassium (kalium) chloride concentrating organelle, for which we propose the name kalisome. The inclusions were more abundant in settled larvae than in planulae and were not present in mature polyps. In planulae of the azooxanthellate coral, Dendrophyllia sp. these inclusions were extremely rare. Quantitative X-ray microanalysis of freeze-substituted preparations showed that the inclusions in P. damicornis settled larvae contained very high, positively correlated, concentrations of K (2.5 mol x kg(-1)) and Cl (2.5 mol x kg(-1)). Lower concentrations of both K (1.2 mol x kg(-1)) and Cl (1.3 mol x kg(-1)) were detected in P. damicornis planulae, yet higher concentrations were measured in Dendrophyllia planulae (K=6.0 mol x kg(-1); Cl=5.1 mol x kg(-1)). No significant (P>0.05) differences in concentration were observed between inclusions in freeze-substituted and freeze-dried sections of planulae. Symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) in P. damicornis planulae and settled larvae also contained deposits with high levels of K and Cl, but these were not positively correlated and no structures associated with them were retained by fixation. Significant (P<0.05) concentration differences were also observed between deposits in freeze-substituted and freeze-dried sections. However, similar to 'kalisomes,' zooxanthellae deposits were more abundant in settled larvae than planulae and absent in mature polyps. Higher concentrations of K and Cl were also detected in settled larvae (K=0.7 mol x kg(-1); Cl=1.1 mol x kg(-1)) in comparison to planulae (K=0.4 mol x kg(-1); Cl=0.5 mol x kg(-1)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peta L Clode
- Analytical Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|