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Meszaros M, Coursier S, Nagot N, Moulis L, Taourel P, Pages-Bouic E, Fabre-Demard N, Trentini M, Pageaux GP, Donnadieu H. Screening for hepatitis C virus at the time of mammography using rapid diagnostic tests in women aged between 50 and 74 years (Mamm'OC NCT05067374). J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:416-422. [PMID: 38749911 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection presents a global health challenge, with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite remarkable progress in treatment options, achieving elimination targets by 2030, as set by the World Health Organization, remains elusive. Our study aimed to address this gap by integrating HCV screening into a national breast cancer screening program. Between March 2022 and March 2023, a prospective cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted in four radiology centers in Montpellier, France. We proposed HCV screening to consecutive women undergoing mammography, targeting 1,500 participants aged 50-74 years. A rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for HCV antibodies (HCV Ab) was performed on capillary whole blood, with positive cases undergoing serological and RNA confirmation. Participants also completed a questionnaire on demographic data and risk factors. Acceptance rates, HCV prevalence, and linkage to care were assessed. The acceptance rate for this integrated screening approach was 82.4%. Notably, the seroprevalence of HCV was found to be 0.65%. Linkage to care was prompt, and the cascade of care demonstrated successful treatment outcomes. Importantly, the majority of detected infections were successfully resolved. These findings underscore the feasibility and acceptability of integrating HCV screening with breast cancer screening programs providing updated prevalence data and valuable insights for refining future screening strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Meszaros
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Addictology Department, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nicolas Nagot
- Public Health Department, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lionel Moulis
- Public Health Department, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Taourel
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Radiology Department, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nathalie Fabre-Demard
- Radiology, Groupe IMACAM Clinique Le Millénaire, Clinique Victor Hugo, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Georges-Philippe Pageaux
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Helene Donnadieu
- Addictology Department, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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D'Ambrosio R, Anolli MP, Pugliese N, Masetti C, Aghemo A, Lampertico P. Prevalence of HCV infection in Europe in the DAA era: Review. Liver Int 2024; 44:1548-1563. [PMID: 38804727 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In 2016, the Global Health Sector Strategy, ratified by the 69th World Health Assembly, set the ambitious goal of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus infections by 2030, emphasizing the importance of national screening programmes. Achieving this goal depends on each country's ability to identify and treat 80% of chronic hepatitis C cases, a critical threshold set by the World Health Organization. Traditionally, estimates of HCV prevalence have been based on interferon era studies that focused on high-risk subgroups rather than the general population. In addition, the incomplete data available from national registries also limited the understanding of HCV prevalence. The 2016 report from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control highlighted that HCV rates varied across European counties, ranging from .1% to 5.9%. However, data were only available for 13 countries, making the overall picture less clear. Additionally, the epidemiological data may have underestimated the true burden of HCV due to lack of awareness among those with chronic infection. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of HCV epidemiology in Europe in the current era of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). The data included in the analysis range from the end of 2013 to December 2023 and have been categorised according to the United Nations Geoscheme. The resulting synthesis underscores the noteworthy impact of DAA treatment on the epidemiological situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta D'Ambrosio
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P Anolli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Pugliese
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Masetti
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Aghemo
- Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Lampertico
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, CRC "A. M. and A. Migliavacca" Centre for Liver Disease, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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3
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Yaow CYL, Hong ASY, Chong NZY, Chong RIH, Mai AS, Tan EK. Risk of Parkinson's disease in hepatitis B and C populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:609-616. [PMID: 37899363 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, and its association with viral hepatitis has been debated. We performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between PD risk and viral hepatitis. Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched from inception till July 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted using a fixed-effect model with the inverse variance method. Three groups were compared to controls: infection with either hepatitis B or C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively), or coinfection with both viruses. We found 551 records, and six studies comprising of 2,566,947 patients were included in the analysis. PD risk was increased in HCV-infected population (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.17, p = 0.005) and (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.26-1.49, p < 0.001). This increase was not observed for the HBV-infected and HBV-HCV-coinfected coinfection populations. For pooled OR, the risk was significantly lower in HBV-infected (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.76-0.83, p < 0.001) but not significantly different in HBV-HCV-coinfected populations (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.82-1.12, p = 0.57). For pooled HR, the risk was significantly higher in both HBV-infected (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.14-1.31, p < 0.001) and HBV-HCV-coinfected populations (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.05-1.58, p = 0.013). We found that the risk of PD was increased in the HCV-infected population, but results were inconsistent in those with HBV and HBV-HCV infections. Our findings provide impetus for further clinical and functional studies to unravel the role of the adaptive immune system in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyve Yu Leon Yaow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Ryan Ian Houe Chong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron Shengting Mai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital Campus, National Neuroscience Institute, Duke NUS Medical School, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Dubois P, Magnac T. Optimal intertemporal curative drug expenses: The case of hepatitis C in France. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2024; 94:102861. [PMID: 38367452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2024.102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
We study intertemporal tradeoffs that health authorities face when considering the control of an epidemic using innovative curative medical treatments. We set up a dynamically controlled susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model for an epidemic in which patients can be asymptomatic, and we analyze the optimality conditions of the sequence of cure expenses decided by health authorities at the onset of the drug innovation process. We show that analytical conclusions are ambiguous because of their dependence on parameter values. As an application, we focus on the case study of hepatitis C, the treatment for which underwent a major upheaval when curative drugs were introduced in 2014. We calibrate our controlled SIR model using French data and simulate optimal policies. We show that the optimal policy entails some front loading of the intertemporal budget. The analysis demonstrates how beneficial intertemporal budgeting can be compared to non-forward-looking constant budget allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Dubois
- Toulouse School of Economics, University of Toulouse, France.
| | - Thierry Magnac
- Toulouse School of Economics, University of Toulouse, France.
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Icole F, Haghnejad V, Jeannoel C, Besançon P, Boulanger F, Bronowicki JP. Prevalence of hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV and their therapeutic management in a French public psychiatric hospital. L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(24)00013-7. [PMID: 38368186 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies suggest that the prevalence of hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV are higher in psychiatric patients than in the general population; however, few French studies have been published. The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of the three viruses, describe the profile of infected patients and evaluate the initiation of antiviral treatment in a population of patients hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital. METHOD Between January and October 2020, screening for hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus and HIV was systematically offered to all patients admitted to the intersectoral reception and orientation unit of a psychiatric hospital. If serology was positive, viral load was automatically determined from the same blood sample. As direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) are not financed "in addition" to hospital charges, it was decided a priori to start treatment for HCV immediately before discharge. RESULTS Between January 7 and October 1, 2020, 407 patients accepted screening. Of these patients, 17 (4.2%; 95% CI: 2.2-6.1%) were anti-HCV positive and two were anti-HIV+/anti-HCV- (0.49%). HCV RNA was detectable in 9/17 anti-HCV+ patients, with a prevalence of infection of 2.2% (CI: 0.8-3.6%). Drug use was identified in 16 anti-HCV+ patients (94%), ten with active drug use. Of the nine viraemic patients, only four received a prescription for DAA treatment at the end of hospitalization, and only one was followed up by his general practitioner with the confirmation of virological cure three months after treatment cessation. No patient tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, but 3% had serological markers indicating HBV past infection. The anti-HBV vaccination coverage rate was only 39% in the entire population and only 41% for patients with a history of drug use. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that the prevalence of HCV infection is significantly higher in the psychiatric population than in the general population. By far, the main risk factor for HCV infection is drug use. This justifies the systematic performance of regular screening in this population. The way in which DAAs are financed in psychiatric hospitals seems to be a major obstacle to the initiation of treatment for chronic HCV infection during hospitalization and therefore to the elimination of HCV infection in the psychiatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent Haghnejad
- SELHV Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Service hépato-gastroentérologie, CHRU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Inserm U1256, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Pierre Bronowicki
- SELHV Lorraine, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Service hépato-gastroentérologie, CHRU de Nancy, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Inserm U1256, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Lu K, Chiu KY. Lifetime Risk of Hepatorenal Events Assessed in Longitudinal Cohort of Renal Transplant Recipients with HBV Infection. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:1581-1587. [PMID: 37380588 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is a treatment option for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the impact of nucleos(t)ide analogues usage on the clinical outcomes in HBV-infected ESRD patients undergoing kidney transplantation is not well understood. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with HBV infection using real-world data to provide insight into the disease course over time. METHODS A nationwide retrospective longitudinal population-level cohort study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Research Database. The study evaluated patient and allograft survival and kidney-related and liver-related events and identified factors contributing to these events. RESULTS Of the 4838 renal transplant recipients in the study, there were no significant differences in graft survival between the HBV-infected and non-infected groups (P = .244). However, the HBV-infected group had suboptimal patient survival compared to the non-infected group (hazard ratio [HR] for overall survival, 1.80; 95% CI 1.40-2.30; P < .001). Diabetes mellitus was associated with a higher re-dialysis rate (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.38-2.12; P < .001) regarding kidney-associated events. For liver-associated events, HBV-infected status (HR, 9.40; 95% CI, 5.66-15.63; P < .001), and age >60 years (HR, 6.90; 95% CI, 3.14-15.19; P < .001) were associated with increased incidence of liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis B-infected renal transplant recipients have comparable graft survival but inferior patient survival outcomes due to pre-existing diseases and increasing liver-related complications. The findings of this study can help optimize treatment strategies and improve long-term outcomes for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lu
- Department of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Department of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
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7
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Unger JM, Till C, Hwang JP, Arnold KB, Leblanc M, Hershman DL, Ramsey SD. Risk prediction of hepatitis B or C or HIV among newly diagnosed cancer patients. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:703-711. [PMID: 36946291 PMCID: PMC10248838 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for viral infection in cancer patients is inconsistent. A mechanism to readily identify cancer patients at increased risk of existing or prior viral infection could enhance screening efforts while reducing costs. METHODS We identified factors associated with increased risk of past or chronic hepatitis virus B, hepatitis virus C, or HIV infection before initiation of systemic cancer therapy. Data were from a multicenter prospective cohort study of 3051 patients with newly diagnosed cancer (SWOG-S1204) enrolled between 2013 and 2017. Patients completed a survey with questions pertaining to personal history and behavioral, socioeconomic, and demographic risk factors for viral hepatitis or HIV. We derived a risk model to predict the presence of viral infection in a random set of 60% of participants using best subset selection. The derived model was validated in the remaining 40% of participants. Logistic regression was used. RESULTS A model with 7 risk factors was identified, and a risk score with 4 levels was constructed. In the validation cohort, each increase in risk level was associated with a nearly threefold increased risk of viral positivity (odds ratio = 2.85, 95% confidence interval = 2.26 to 3.60, P < .001). Consistent findings were observed for individual viruses. Participants in the highest risk group (with >3 risk factors), comprised of 13.4% of participants, were 18 times more likely to be viral positive compared with participants with no risk factors (odds ratio = 18.18, 95% confidence interval = 8.00 to 41.3, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS A risk-stratified screening approach using a limited set of questions could serve as an effective strategy to streamline screening for individuals at increased risk of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Unger
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathee Till
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica P Hwang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn B Arnold
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Leblanc
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kushniruk A, Roucoux G, Dimi S, Fahmi S, Jeevan RB, Chassany O, Chaplin J, Duracinsky M. Evaluating Clinician Expectations of mHealth Solutions to Increase Rapid-Screening for HIV and Hepatitis in Migrant Populations in France: Qualitative Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2023; 10:e41861. [PMID: 36735323 PMCID: PMC9938434 DOI: 10.2196/41861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migrants underuse screening opportunities for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C despite elevated risk factors for contracting these infections. Language barriers are an often given as reasons for limiting access to services. Translation and communication apps increase communication and overall patient satisfaction in the patient-provider relationship. In the development and adoption of new technology, expectations play an important role. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore health care professionals' opinions and attitudes regarding their screening practices with migrants and their expectations for a new communication tool that could improve migrants' screening use. METHODS In this qualitative study, a purposive (diverse) sampling method was used to invite doctors and nurses who conduct rapid screening tests with migrants from 4 centers of the French Office of Immigration and Integration in 3 geographic regions of France. Semistructured interviews were conducted to survey their opinions on the rapid testing of migrants, the use of telephone interpreters, the concept of health literacy, and their expectations of a new communication tool that could overcome language barriers and promote rapid screening in the new migrant population. RESULTS In all, 20 interviews were conducted with 11 doctors and 9 nurses with a median age of 58 (range 25-67) years. Participants favored the integration of an innovative communication tool in the context of rapid screening of migrants. However, there were concerns related to the implementation and added value of the tool while migrants were already reluctant to be screened. Expectations were for a tool that would present information in simplified French or a chosen language but also supports a positive attitude toward screening. Health professionals also expressed the wish that the technology could help with the collection of health data. CONCLUSIONS Feedback from health professionals provides a better understanding of potential formats, characteristics, functions, content, and use of an innovative, digital method to communicate with migrants with limited French proficiency. Findings contribute to the conceptual development of an electronic app and its implementation within the ApiDé study, which aims to validate a digital app to address language barriers to increase the use of screening among migrants with limited French proficiency in France.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Roucoux
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit, UMR 1123, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Svetlane Dimi
- International Vaccination and Travel Medicine Center, Centre de Santé Familia Sol, Creil, France
| | - Saleh Fahmi
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit, UMR 1123, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raj-Banou Jeevan
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit, UMR 1123, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Chassany
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit, UMR 1123, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - John Chaplin
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, The University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Duracinsky
- Patient-Reported Outcomes Unit, UMR 1123, Inserm, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Noiriel N, Williams J. Early cost-utility analysis of hepatitis C virus testing for emergency department attendees in France. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001559. [PMID: 36963042 PMCID: PMC10021824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Testing for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is currently targeted towards those at high-risk in France. While universal screening was recently rejected, a growing body of research from other high-income countries suggests that HCV testing in emergency departments (ED) can be effective and cost-effective. In the absence of any studies on the effectiveness of HCV testing in ED attendees in France, this study aimed to perform an early economic evaluation of ED-based HCV testing. A Markov model was developed to simulate HCV testing in the ED versus no ED testing. The model captured costs from a French health service perspective, presented in 2020 euros, and outcomes, presented as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), over a lifetime horizon. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated as costs per QALYs gained and compared to willingness-to-pay thresholds of €18,592 and €33,817 per QALY. Value of information analyses were also performed. ED testing for HCV was cost-effective at both thresholds when assuming ED prevalence of 1.1%, yielding an ICER of €3,800 per QALY. Testing remained cost-effective when the HCV prevalence amongst ED attendees remained higher than in the general population (0.3%). The maximum value of future research ranged from €10 to €79 million, depending on time horizons and willingness-to-pay thresholds. Our analysis suggests ED-based HCV testing may be cost-effective in France, although there is uncertainty due to the lack of empirical studies available. Further research is of high value, suggesting seroprevalence surveys and pilot studies in French ED settings are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Noiriel
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Williams
- Department of Health Service Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England, United Kingdom
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Clinical and virological features of chronic hepatitis B in the French National Surveillance Program, 2008-2012. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100593. [PMID: 36313185 PMCID: PMC9596732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Among people living with HBV, only a subset of individuals with chronic hepatitis is in need of treatment, and this proportion varies according to the population, region, and setting. No estimates of the proportion of people who are infected with HBV and meet the treatment eligibility criteria in France are available. Methods 552 treatment-naïve individuals with chronic HBV infection referred for the first time to a hepatology reference centre between 2008 and 2012 were prospectively included. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analysed. Results In total, 61.1% of patients were males, with a median age of 37.5 years. Moreover, 64% were born in an intermediate- or high-HBV endemicity country, and 90% were HBeAg-negative. At referral, median HBV DNA and HBsAg levels were 3.3 and 3.6 log IU/ml, respectively; 37.8% of patients had alanine aminotransferase >40 U/L, and 29.0% had moderate or severe fibrosis (≥F2), including 9.4% with cirrhosis. The most prevalent genotypes were D (34.7%), E (27.4%), and A (25.7%). Coinfections were rare: 2.4% were HIV-positive, 4.0% were HCV-positive, and 6.0% were HDV-positive. According to the 2017 EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines, using a single time point analysis, 2.7% of patients were classified as HBeAg-positive chronic infection, 6.1% as HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, 26.5% as HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B, and 61.1% as HBeAg-negative chronic infection, whereas 3.6% patients could not be classified. The performance of HBsAg level quantification to identify individuals with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B was poor. A total of 29.1% met the criteria for initiation of antiviral treatment, whereas 66.5% remained under routine clinical surveillance. Most eligible patients initiated recommended first-line therapies, including tenofovir (45.3%), entecavir (36.8%), or pegylated interferon alpha (11.6%). Conclusions Of all cases, 9.4% had cirrhosis at presentation and 29.1% met the 2017 EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines treatment criteria. HBsAg levels failed to accurately identify individuals with HBeAg-negative chronic infection. Lay summary Among French adults chronically infected with HBV referred for the first time to hepatology reference centres, about one-third had a significant liver disease. Approximately one-third of individuals met criteria for initiation of antiviral treatment based on entecavir or tenofovir or, occasionally, pegylated interferon alpha. In French adults with chronic hepatitis B infection, the most prevalent genotypes were D, E, and A. Patients were predominantly HBeAg-negative (90.0%). The seroprevalence of delta hepatitis was 6%. HBsAg quantification is not useful in identifying patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. A total of 29.1% of patients were eligible for antiviral treatment.
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Zhao D, Zhang H, Cao Q, Wang Z, Zhang R. The research of SARIMA model for prediction of hepatitis B in mainland China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29317. [PMID: 35687775 PMCID: PMC9276452 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus infection is a major global public health concern. This study explored the epidemic characteristics and tendency of hepatitis B in 31 provinces of mainland China, constructed a SARIMA model for prediction, and provided corresponding preventive measures.Monthly hepatitis B case data from mainland China from 2013 to 2020 were obtained from the website of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Monthly data from 2013 to 2020 were used to build the SARIMA model and data from 2021 were used to test the model.Between 2013 and 2020, 9,177,313 hepatitis B cases were reported in mainland China. SARIMA(1,0,0)(0,1,1)12 was the optimal model and its residual was white noise. It was used to predict the number of hepatitis B cases from January to December 2021, and the predicted values for 2021 were within the 95% confidence interval.This study suggests that the SARIMA model simulated well based on epidemiological trends of hepatitis B in mainland China. The SARIMA model is a feasible tool for monitoring hepatitis B virus infections in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren Zhao
- Department of Medical Administration, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiwu Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Medical Administration, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Medical Administration, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute,Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- School of Management,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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Saha Turna N, Havelaar A, Adesogan A, Wu F. Aflatoxin M1 in milk does not contribute substantially to global liver cancer incidence. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:1473-1480. [PMID: 35470382 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For 60 y, it has been known that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus fungi in certain food and feed crops, causes hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer; HCC) in humans. The annual global burden of AFB1-related HCC has been estimated. However, much less is known about the potential carcinogenic impact of a metabolite of AFB1 called aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is secreted in milk when dairy animals consume AFB1-contaminated feed. The cancer risk of AFM1 to humans from milk consumption has not yet been evaluated. OBJECTIVES We sought to estimate the global risk of AFM1-related liver cancer through liquid milk consumption, accounting for possible synergies between AFM1 and chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in increasing cancer risk. METHODS We conducted a quantitative cancer risk assessment by analyzing extensive datasets of national population sizes, dairy consumption patterns, AFM1 concentrations in milk in 40 nations, and chronic HBV prevalence. Two separate cancer risk assessments were conducted: assuming a possible synergy between AFM1 and HBV in increasing cancer risk in a manner similar to that of AFB1 and HBV, and assuming no such synergy. RESULTS If there is no synergy between AFM1 and HBV, AFM1 may contribute ∼0.001% of total annual HCC cases globally. If there is synergy between AFM1 and HBV infection, AFM1 may contribute ∼0.003% of all HCC cases worldwide. In each case, the total expected AFM1-attributable cancer cases are ∼13-32 worldwide. CONCLUSION AFM1 exposure through liquid milk consumption does not substantially increase liver cancer risk in humans. Policymakers should consider this low risk against the nutritional benefits of milk consumption, particularly to children, in a current global situation of milk being discarded because of AFM1 concentrations exceeding regulatory standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Saha Turna
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arie Havelaar
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adegbola Adesogan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Food Systems Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Felicia Wu
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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13
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Danilescu CM, Ionescu M, Sandulescu DL, Pirlog MC, Streba CT, Rogoveanu I. Perceived Stress in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients under the DAA-Based Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051177. [PMID: 35626332 PMCID: PMC9139880 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection often associates medical and mental health conditions which lead to increased levels of distress. Our study aimed at assessing the level of perceived stress on a sample of 90 HCV infected patients treated with Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) agents for 12 weeks, and its possible correlations with clinical and evolutionary elements. The evaluation was conducted in three phases: before administration of the DAAs (BSL), at the End of the Treatment (EOT), and 24 weeks after the BSL (Sustained Viral Response—SVR). The perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The efficiency of the DAA treatment reduced the levels of stress (98.99% moderate and high stress at BSL to 70.00% at SVR). It was observed, for the entire study period (BSL to SVR), that the decrease in the perceived stress severity was significantly associated with demographic items such as gender (p < 0.01), urban environment (p < 0.001), the age of the subjects (p < 0.05), and clinical data such as F4 degree of fibrosis (p = 0.001) and overweight or obesity class II (p < 0.01). The perceived stress is directly associated with the severity of the HCV infection, and it could be significantly lowered by an efficient therapeutic approach, as DAAs are nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihaela Ionescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Daniela Larisa Sandulescu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Correspondence: (D.L.S.); (M.C.P.); Tel.: +40-251-522458 (M.C.P.)
| | - Mihail Cristian Pirlog
- Department of Medical Sociology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.L.S.); (M.C.P.); Tel.: +40-251-522458 (M.C.P.)
| | - Costin Teodor Streba
- Department of Scientific Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Ion Rogoveanu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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14
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Okui T, Nakashima N. Analysis of the association between areal socioeconomic deprivation levels and viral hepatitis B and C infections in Japanese municipalities. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:681. [PMID: 35392863 PMCID: PMC8991792 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the association between municipal socioeconomic deprivation levels and the positivity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among individuals who have never participated in hepatitis screening using Japanese national screening data. Methods The hepatitis virus screening data analyzed included the 5-year age group-specific number of participants aged 40 years or older, number of HBsAg-positive persons, and number of HCV carriers for each municipality from 2013 to 2017. Principal component analysis was used to derive a socioeconomic deprivation level using the socioeconomic characteristics of municipalities. Bayesian spatial Poisson regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between the socioeconomic deprivation level and the results of screening. Data on 1,660 municipalities were used in the analysis. Results The data of 4,233,819 participants in the HBV screening and 4,216,720 in the HCV screening were used in the analysis. A principal component interpreted as level of rurality (principal component 1) and another principal component interpreted as level of low socioeconomic status among individuals (principal component 2) were extracted as the major principal components. Their principal component scores were used as the deprivation levels of municipalities. Spatial regression analysis showed that the deprivation level derived from the sum of the scores of principal components 1 and 2 was significantly and positively associated with HBsAg positivity and HCV prevalence. In addition, the deprivation level derived only from the score of principal component 2 was also significantly and positively associated with the outcomes. Conversely, the deprivation level derived only from the score of principal component 1 was not associated with the outcomes. Moreover, population density was significantly and positively associated with HBsAg positivity and HCV prevalence. Conclusions This study suggested that participation in hepatitis virus screening is important and meaningful, particularly for areas with a higher lower socioeconomic level in Japan. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13089-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Okui
- Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka city, 812-8582 Maidashi3-1-1 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Naoki Nakashima
- Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka city, 812-8582 Maidashi3-1-1 Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Oludoun O, Adebimpe O, Ndako J, Adeniyi M, Abiodun O, Gbadamosi B. The impact of testing and treatment on the dynamics of Hepatitis B virus. F1000Res 2022; 10:936. [PMID: 34987771 PMCID: PMC8686325 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.72865.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the intervention of WHO on vaccination for reducing the spread of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), there are records of the high prevalence of HBV in some regions. In this paper, a mathematical model was formulated to analyze the acquisition and transmission process of the virus with the view of identifying the possible way of reducing the menace and mitigating the risk of the virus. The models' positivity and boundedness were demonstrated using well-known theorems. Equating the differential equations to zero demonstrates the equilibria of the solutions i.e., the disease-free and endemic equilibrium. The next Generation Matrix method was used to compute the basic reproduction number for the models. Local and global stabilities of the models were shown via linearization and Lyapunov function methods respectively. The importance of testing and treatment on the dynamics of HBV were fully discussed in this paper. It was discovered that testing at the acute stage of the virus and chronic unaware state helps in better management of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olajumoke Oludoun
- Physical sciences, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | | | - James Ndako
- Biological Sciences, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwakemi Abiodun
- Physical Sciences (Mathematics Programme), Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara, Nigeria
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16
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Brodzinski A, Neumeyer-Gromen A, Dudareva S, Zimmermann R, Latza U, Bremer V, Poethko-Müller C. [Hepatitis B virus infection and vaccine-induced immunity: the role of sociodemographic determinants : Results of the study "German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults" (DEGS1, 2008-2011)]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2021; 65:159-169. [PMID: 34958395 PMCID: PMC8813829 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-021-03473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund und Ziel Trotz niedriger Prävalenz der Hepatitis-B-Virus-(HBV-)Infektion in Deutschland ist es wichtig, vulnerable Gruppen und Ansatzpunkte für die Prävention zu identifizieren. In ersten Analysen der „Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland“ (DEGS1, 2008–2011) waren HBV-Infektion und -Impfung mit sozidemografischen Determinanten assoziiert. In dieser Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse im Detail untersucht. Material und Methoden In DEGS1 lag für 7046 Teilnehmende (Alter: 18–79 Jahre) eine HBV-Serologie vor. Die stattgehabte HBV-Infektion war durch Antikörper gegen das Hepatitis-B-Core-Antigen (Anti-HBc) definiert, die impfinduzierte Immunität durch alleinigen Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen das Hepatitis-B-Surface-Antigen (Anti-HBs). Seroprävalenzen von HBV-Infektions- und -Impfstatus wurden geschlechtsstratifiziert geschätzt und Assoziationen mit Alter, Gemeindegröße, Einkommen, formaler Bildung, Krankenversicherung und Migrationsgeneration in logistischen Regressionen analysiert. Ergebnisse Die HBV-Infektion war bei Männern und Frauen unabhängig mit den Altersgruppen 34–64 und ≥ 65 Jahre, erster Migrationsgeneration und Leben in größeren Gemeinden assoziiert, zudem bei Männern mit niedrigem Einkommen und bei Frauen mit niedriger Bildung. Die impfinduzierte Immunität war bei Männern und Frauen unabhängig mit den Altersgruppen 18–33 und 34–64 Jahre, mittlerer und hoher Bildung und hohem Einkommen assoziiert, darüber hinaus bei Männern mit mittlerem Einkommen und privater Krankenversicherung und bei Frauen mit fehlendem Migrationshintergrund. Diskussion Die Berücksichtigung von Migrationsstatus, Einkommen und Bildung könnte zur zielgenauen Ausrichtung der HBV-Prävention beitragen. Zusatzmaterial online Zusätzliche Informationen sind in der Online-Version dieses Artikels (10.1007/s00103-021-03473-z) enthalten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Brodzinski
- Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | | | - Sandra Dudareva
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ruth Zimmermann
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Ute Latza
- Fachbereich Arbeit und Gesundheit, Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin BAuA, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Viviane Bremer
- Abteilung für Infektionsepidemiologie, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christina Poethko-Müller
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, FG 25 Körperliche Gesundheit, Robert Koch-Institut, General-Pape-Straße 62-66, 12101, Berlin, Deutschland.
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17
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Qin Z, Shen Y, Wu Y, Tang H, Zhang L. Analysis of risk factors for mental health problems of inpatients with chronic liver disease and nursing strategies: A single center descriptive study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2406. [PMID: 34766467 PMCID: PMC8671788 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) is large. The social and economic burdens due to CLD have increased. The mental health problems of patients with CLD are prominent and deserve our attention and care. This study analyzed 320 patients with CLD who were hospitalized between January 2018 and January 2020. Questionnaire surveys were used to assess mental health status, including the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). At the same time, basic data and potential related factors were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Among the 320 patients with CLD, 240 (75%) had mental health problems; among the total patients, education levels, occupations, course of disease, annual hospitalizations, complications, and nursing satisfaction were significantly different between the two groups (p < .05). The education levels and occupations of the group without mental health problems were significantly different within the group (p < .05). The SCL-90 found that the four factors with the highest scores were anxiety (ANX: 33.3%), depression (DEPR: 20.4%), somatization (SOM: 12.9%), and sleep and diet (SD: 9.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that education levels, course of disease, annual hospitalizations, complications, and nursing satisfaction levels were independent risk factors for the mental health of patients with CLD. Model fitness was checked using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve was 0.84. Patients with CLD have prominent mental health problems and experience many risk factors. It is necessary to adopt individualized psychological interventions and care to improve the quality of life of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Qin
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yannan Shen
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhao Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haicheng Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Prodel M, Finkielsztejn L, Roustand L, Nachbaur G, De Leotoing L, Genreau M, Bonnet F, Ghosn J. Costs and mortality associated with HIV: a machine learning analysis of the French national health insurance database. J Public Health Res 2021; 11:2601. [PMID: 34850620 PMCID: PMC8958442 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective is to characterise the economic burden to the healthcare system of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in France and to help decision makers in identifying risk factors associated with high-cost and high mortality profiles. DESIGN AND METHODS The study is a retrospective analysis of PLWHIV identified in the French National Health Insurance database (SNDS). All PLWHIV present in the database in 2013 were identified. All healthcare resource consumption from 2008 to 2015 inclusive was documented and costed (for 2013 to 2015) from the perspective of public health insurance. High-cost and high mortality patient profiles were identified by a machine learning algorithm. RESULTS In 2013, 96,423 PLWHIV were identified in the SNDS database, including 3,373 incident cases. Overall, 3,224 PLWHIV died during the three-year follow-up period (mean annual mortality rate: 1.1%). The mean annual per capita cost incurred by PLWHIV was € 14,223, corresponding to a total management cost of HIV of € 1,370 million in 2013. The largest contribution came from the cost of antiretroviral medication (M€ 870; 63%) followed by hospitalisation (M€ 154; 11%). The costs incurred in the year preceding death were considerably higher. Four specific patient profiles were identified for under/over-expressing these costs, suggesting ways to reduce them. CONCLUSIONS Even though current therapeutic regimens provide excellent virological control in most patients, PLWHIV have excess mortality. Other factors such as comorbidities, lifestyle factors and screening for cancer and cardiovascular disease, need to be targeted in order to lower the mortality and cost associated with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabrice Bonnet
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux; Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, ISPED, Bordeaux.
| | - Jade Ghosn
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP; Nord-Université de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris.
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19
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Kim T, Kim J. Factors Associated with Hepatitis C Antibody Positivity in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on 2013-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101366. [PMID: 34683045 PMCID: PMC8544486 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide basic data on the prevention of hepatitis C infection by identifying factors related to it based on the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The sixth (2013-2015) and seventh (2016-2018) Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted by the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency were analyzed. This is a population-based, nationally representative, multistage, cross-sectional survey of noninstitutionalized persons in Korea. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the significance of the variables. A total of 32,942 persons aged >20 years were selected for this study. Among them, 282 tested positive for hepatitis C antibodies, while 32,660 tested negative. Of the 282 persons who tested positive, 48.6% were men and 51.4% were women. The factors associated with hepatitis C infection were age, education level, self-rated health status, and liver cirrhosis. Therefore, there is a need to educate people and implement preventive programs based on age and education levels to reduce the incidence of hepatitis C infections. In addition, it is necessary to include hepatitis C screening as part of the National Health Examination to diagnose hepatitis C infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehui Kim
- Department of Nursing, Joongbu University, 201 Daehak-ro, Geumsan-gun 32713, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chungcheong University, 38 Wolgok-gil, Cheongju-si 28171, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-230-2808
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20
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Busschots D, Bielen R, Koc ÖM, Heyens L, Verrando R, de Galocsy C, Van Steenkiste C, Nevens F, Midgard H, Dalgard O, Robaeys G. Hepatitis C reinfection in former and active injecting drug users in Belgium. Harm Reduct J 2021; 18:102. [PMID: 34641896 PMCID: PMC8507240 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-021-00552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no systematic screening for hepatitis C (HCV) reinfection in people who inject drugs (PWID) after treatment in Belgium. However, in a recent meta-analysis, the overall HCV reinfection rate was 5.9/100 person-years (PY) among PWID. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to investigate the reinfection rate in former and active PWID who achieved the end of treatment response after direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment in Belgium. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study recruited individuals with a history of injecting drug use who had achieved the end of treatment response to any DAA treatment between 2015 and 2020. Participants were offered a post-treatment HCV RNA test. RESULTS Eighty-five potential participants were eligible to participate and contacted, of whom 60 participants were enrolled in the study with a median age of 51.0 (IQR 44.3-56.0) years; it was reported that 23.3% continued to inject drugs intravenously after DAA treatment. Liver cirrhosis was present in 12.9%. The majority had genotype 1a (51.7%) or genotype 3 (15.0%) infection. We detected no reinfections in this study population. The total time patients were followed up for reinfection in the study was 78.5 PY (median 1.0 years IQR 0.4-2.0). CONCLUSION Reinfection after successful treatment with DAA initially appears to be very low in Belgian PWID. Therefore, efforts should be made to screen individuals with persistent risk behaviors for reinfection systematically. In addition, a national HCV registry should be established to accurately define the burden of HCV infection and reinfection in Belgium and support the elimination of viral hepatitis C in Europe. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT04251572, Registered 5 Feb 2020-Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04251572 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Busschots
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Diepenbeek, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.
| | - Rob Bielen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Diepenbeek, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Özgür M Koc
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Diepenbeek, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,School of NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leen Heyens
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Diepenbeek, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,School of NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Håvard Midgard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Olav Dalgard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Geert Robaeys
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, Diepenbeek, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Razin M, Abdel-Ghaffar ARB, Hamdy GM, Abd-Elshafy DN, Kamel S, Bahgat MM, Maghraby AS. TLR3\TLR7 as Differentially Expressed Markers Among Viral, Nonviral, and Autoimmune Diseases in Egyptian Patients. Viral Immunol 2021; 34:607-621. [PMID: 34342515 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent the immune link between the innate and the adaptive immune signals against various pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the TLRs3 and 7 as immune-markers in differentiating between hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected and -uninfected patients. Also, the use of the TLR3 and TLR7 as immune markers was compared with the prevalent bio and immune markers for autoimmune diseases in HCV-infected or -uninfected patients. The levels of GPT, GOT, B cell activated factors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-10 were measured in plasma, while the levels of TLR3 and TLR7 were quantified in lysates of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors, HCV-infected patients, nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) patients without autoimmune diseases and with autoimmune diseases (HCV-infected patients with autoimmune diseases [HCV+auto], nonalcoholic fatty liver patients with autoimmune diseases [NAFL+auto]), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The relative expression of TLR3, TLR7, TNF, and IL-10 in cell lysates was assessed against glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results showed that TLRs 3 and 7 levels were significantly higher in SLE, RA, HCV, HCV+auto, and the NAFL patients compared to the normal control. The cell lysates from SLE patients expressed TLR3 at relatively significantly higher mRNA levels compared to normal subjects or other patient groups. The NAFL+auto patients expressed TLR7 at relatively significantly high mRNA levels compared to normal subjects or other patients. The RA patients expressed TLR7 at relatively significantly higher mRNA levels when compared to HCV, HCV+auto, and NAFL+auto patients. Conclusions: At the protein level, TLR7 can differentiate between HCV and NAFL patients. In addition, both TLRs3 and 7 can serve as potent markers in differentiating between NAFL and NAFL+auto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Razin
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Cairo, Egypt.,Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Germine M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina N Abd-Elshafy
- Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Water Pollution Research, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Solaf Kamel
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Cairo, Egypt.,Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Sayed Maghraby
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Cairo, Egypt.,Research Group Immune- and Bio-markers for Infection, the Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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22
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So R, Chen J, Mehta AJ, Liu S, Strak M, Wolf K, Hvidtfeldt UA, Rodopoulou S, Stafoggia M, Klompmaker JO, Samoli E, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Atkinson R, Bauwelinck M, Bellander T, Boutron-Ruault MC, Brandt J, Brunekreef B, Cesaroni G, Concin H, Forastiere F, van Gils CH, Gulliver J, Hertel O, Hoffmann B, de Hoogh K, Janssen N, Lim YH, Westendorp R, Jørgensen JT, Katsouyanni K, Ketzel M, Lager A, Lang A, Ljungman PL, Magnusson PKE, Nagel G, Simonsen MK, Pershagen G, Peter RS, Peters A, Renzi M, Rizzuto D, Sigsgaard T, Vienneau D, Weinmayr G, Severi G, Fecht D, Tjønneland A, Leander K, Hoek G, Andersen ZJ. Long-term exposure to air pollution and liver cancer incidence in six European cohorts. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1887-1897. [PMID: 34278567 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter air pollution and diesel engine exhaust have been classified as carcinogenic for lung cancer, yet few studies have explored associations with liver cancer. We used six European adult cohorts which were recruited between 1985 and 2005, pooled within the "Effects of low-level air pollution: A study in Europe" (ELAPSE) project, and followed for the incidence of liver cancer until 2011 to 2015. The annual average exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), particulate matter with diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), black carbon (BC), warm-season ozone (O3 ), and eight elemental components of PM2.5 (copper, iron, zinc, sulfur, nickel, vanadium, silicon, and potassium) were estimated by European-wide hybrid land-use regression models at participants' residential addresses. We analyzed the association between air pollution and liver cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders. Of 330 064 cancer-free adults at baseline, 512 developed liver cancer during a mean follow-up of 18.1 years. We observed positive linear associations between NO2 (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.02-1.35 per 10 μg/m3 ), PM2.5 (1.12, 0.92-1.36 per 5 μg/m3 ), and BC (1.15, 1.00-1.33 per 0.5 10-5 /m) and liver cancer incidence. Associations with NO2 and BC persisted in two-pollutant models with PM2.5 . Most components of PM2.5 were associated with the risk of liver cancer, with the strongest associations for sulfur and vanadium, which were robust to adjustment for PM2.5 or NO2 . Our study suggests that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer, even at concentrations below current EU standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina So
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amar J Mehta
- Statistics Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shuo Liu
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maciej Strak
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Sophia Rodopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Jochem O Klompmaker
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Richard Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mariska Bauwelinck
- Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Bellander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.,iClimate, Aarhus University interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bert Brunekreef
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Cesaroni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Hans Concin
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.,Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla H van Gils
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ole Hertel
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Kees de Hoogh
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Janssen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette T Jørgensen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.,Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Anton Lager
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinksa Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alois Lang
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Petter L Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Nagel
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria.,Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mette K Simonsen
- Department of Neurology and Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Göran Pershagen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raphael S Peter
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Rizzuto
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University and The Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Department of Public Health, Environment Occupation and Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gudrun Weinmayr
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, UMR 1018, Universit´e Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Fecht
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Leander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zorana J Andersen
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Pol S, Lair-Mehiri L, Vallet-Pichard A. Is elimination of HCV realistic by 2030: France. Liver Int 2021; 41 Suppl 1:45-49. [PMID: 34155786 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed a plan for the elimination of viral hepatitis with a goal of reducing new hepatitis infections by 30% and 90% in 2020 and 2030, and associated mortality by 10% and 65% respectively. Actions and targets to reach these goals include improving hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination programs, the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV, improving the safety of blood products and injections, risk reduction policies and optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis. The goal of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) by 2030 is based on three main actions: increased screening, strengthening access to care and the prevention of infections and re-infections. But, can this goal be reached? The answer to this question is yes in some countries, perhaps in others and no in most countries. Success will be limited by a "diagnosis burn-out" with 5 times more new viral infections than diagnoses in 2016 and a "treatment burn-out" with cure rates that are 5 times lower than the number of new infections. Nevertheless, France, like 10 other countries, is on track to achieve the WHO elimination plan by 2030. In France, the prioritization of oral antivirals in 2013-2014 which was extended to high-risk populations in 2015 (HIV-infected patients) and 2016 (men who have sex with men, dialyzed or kidney transplant recipients), then in 2017 to universal treatment with full coverage by French national healthcare (10 to 15 000 treatments per year) has resulted in half of the 120 000 patients needed to be treated by 2022 have been treated. Renewed efforts should make it possible to reach the target announced by the French Minister of Health in May 2018 by 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Pol
- Université Paris Centre, Département d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP; INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Loriane Lair-Mehiri
- Université Paris Centre, Département d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP; INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Vallet-Pichard
- Université Paris Centre, Département d'Hépatologie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP; INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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24
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De Brier N, Koc ÖM, De Buck E, Muylaert A, Nevens F, Vanbrabant M, Vandeloo J, Van Remoortel H, Robaeys G, Compernolle V. Hepatitis B virus prevalence in first-time blood donors in Flanders, Belgium: Impact of universal vaccination and migration. Transfusion 2021; 61:2125-2136. [PMID: 33955570 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion-transmissible infections such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) remain a major concern for the safety of blood transfusion. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the trend of HBV prevalence and associated risk factors among a first-time donor population in a low endemic country. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Between 2010 and 2018, blood samples were collected from first-time donors presented at donor collection sites of Belgian Red Cross-Flanders. They were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc), and HBV DNA, HIV and hepatitis virus C (HCV) antibodies and RNA, and syphilis antibodies. RESULTS A total of 211,331 first-time blood donors (43.7% males, median age 25 years) were analyzed. HBsAg prevalence decreased from 0.06% in 2010 to 0.05% in 2018 (p = .004) and this declining trend was accompanied by an increased number of donors in the HBV vaccinated birth cohort (p < .001). HBsAg prevalence was 0.33% in foreign-born donors and 0.02% in Belgian natives (p < .001). Multivariate risk profiling showed that anti-HBc positivity was significantly associated with mainly foreign-born donors (odds ratio [OR] = 9.24) but also with older age (OR = 1.06), male gender (OR = 1.32), year of blood donation (OR = 0.94), and co-infections with HCV (OR = 4.31) or syphilis (OR = 4.91). DISCUSSION The decreasing trend in HBV prevalence could mainly be explained by the introduction of the universal HBV vaccination. Being born in endemic areas was the most important predictor for HBV infection while the co-infections with syphilis suggest unreported sexual risk contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels De Brier
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Özgür M Koc
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmy De Buck
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Muylaert
- Blood Service, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Hans Van Remoortel
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Geert Robaeys
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Blood Service, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Tsai PC, Huang CI, Yeh ML, Huang CF, Hsieh MH, Yang JF, Hsu PY, Liang PC, Lin YH, Jang TY, Hsieh MY, Dai CY, Lin ZY, Chen SC, Huang JF, Yu ML, Chuang WL, Chang WY. Significant amelioration of hepatitis C virus infection in a hyperendemic area: longitudinal evidence from the COMPACT Study in Taiwan. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042861. [PMID: 33722868 PMCID: PMC7959235 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Tzukuan, located in the southwestern area of Taiwan, is an HCV hyperendemic area (>30%). This study aimed to assess the changing epidemiological characteristics of HCV infection and to evaluate the long-term outcomes after the implementation of public health strategies for two decades. DESIGN A population-based retrospective cohort study. SETTING A comprehensive care programme was implemented, namely COMPACT Study, in Tzukuan since 1997. PARTICIPANTS A total of 10 714 residents participated the screening. OUTCOME MEASURES The HCV status, demographic and clinical profiles of the participants were recorded and validated annually from 2000 through 2019. RESULTS The HCV infection prevalence rates were 21.1% (1076/5099) in 2000-2004, 18.8% (239/1269) in 2005-2009, 14.1% (292/2071) in 2010-2014 and 10.3% (234/2275) in 2015-2019 (p for trend test <0.0001). Among them, 1614 underwent repeated tests during the follow-up period. The annual incidence rates were 0.54% in 2005-2009, 0.4% in 2010-2014 and 0.22% in 2015-2019, respectively (p=0.01). In addition to old age, lower education level was a major risk factor for HCV infection across different periods. HCV infection prevalence rate among those illiterates reached 40.9%, followed by 28.5% in those with elementary school level, and <10% in those with high school or higher levels. The major risk factor has shifted from iatrogenic exposure in 2000-2009 to household transmission after 2010. CONCLUSIONS HCV infection has been decreasing and the epidemiological features are changing in the hyperendemic area by continuing education, prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chien Tsai
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Hsieh
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fu Yang
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yao Hsu
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tyng Yuan Jang
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Chern Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Centre for Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Centre for Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine,College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chang
- Hepatobiliary Division and Hepatitis Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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26
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Cantalloube A, Ferraretto X, Lepage J, Gervais A, Llabador MA, Epelboin S. [Outcomes of cumulative transfers of fresh and frozen embryos in in vitro fertilization in women infected by hepatitis B virus]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 49:529-537. [PMID: 33434753 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in women on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. METHODS An observational monocentric case-control cohort study conducted between 2012 and 2019 compared the outcomes of the first cycle of IVF between 64 woman infected with HBV and 128 seronegative controls. Frozen embryos transfers made within 18 months of the puncture were included. The exclusion criteria were severe infections, viral co-infection in women, any viral infection in their spouse, or lack of fresh embryo transfer. The matching was performed according to age, primary infertility or secondary, conventional or intracytoplasmic injection IVF technique and date of attempt. The main analysis focused on cumulative live births rates (LBR). RESULTS The clinical and ovarian stimulation characteristics were comparable except for a longer period of infertility in the HBV group. The LBR in the HBV group, when compared to controls, was not different after transfer of fresh (14.06 vs. 25.00% P=0.08) or frozen embryos (4.17 vs. 18.92% P=0.08), but significantly decreased in cumulative analysis (15.63 vs. 35.94% P=0.003). HBV infection was negatively associated with LBR in multivariate analysis OR=0.38 (95% CI 0.14-0.92) P<0.05. The implantation rate was lower in the HBV group versus controls, in fresh (14.89 vs. 27.72% P=0.02) and frozen (3.03 vs. 21.65% P=0.01) embryo transfers. CONCLUSION This study suggests a negative impact of HBV infection in women on the cumulative LBR after IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cantalloube
- Unité de médecine de la reproduction, service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Nord-université de Paris, AP-HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France.
| | - X Ferraretto
- Service de biologie de la reproduction, Nord-université de Paris, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - J Lepage
- Unité de médecine de la reproduction, service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Nord-université de Paris, AP-HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - A Gervais
- Service hépato gastro-entérologie, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Nord-université de Paris, AP-HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - M-A Llabador
- Service de biologie de la reproduction, Nord-université de Paris, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - S Epelboin
- Unité de médecine de la reproduction, service de gynécologie-obstétrique, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Nord-université de Paris, AP-HP, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
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27
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Muhamad NA, Ab Ghani RM, Abdul Mutalip MH, Muhammad EN, Mohamad Haris H, Mohd Zain R, Abdullah N, Muhammad Azami NA, Abd Jalal N, Ismail N, Mhd Yusuf NA, Othman R, Kamalul Arifin AS, Abdullah MS, Kamaruddin MA, Abu Hassan MR, Aris T, Jamal R. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among Malaysian population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21009. [PMID: 33273475 PMCID: PMC7713078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77813-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaysia is a country with an intermediate endemicity for hepatitis B. As the country moves toward hepatitis B and C elimination, population-based estimates are necessary to understand the burden of hepatitis B and C for evidence-based policy-making. Hence, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C in Malaysia. A total of 1458 participants were randomly selected from The Malaysian Cohort (TMC) aged 35 to 70 years between 2006 and 2012. All blood samples were tested for hepatitis B and C markers including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), antibodies against hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). Those reactive for hepatitis C were further tested for HCV RNA genotyping. The sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities were used to evaluate their associated risk factors. Descriptive analysis and multivariable analysis were done using Stata 14. From the samples tested, 4% were positive for HBsAg (95% CI 2.7-4.7), 20% were positive for anti-HBc (95% CI 17.6-21.9) and 0.3% were positive for anti-HCV (95% CI 0.1-0.7). Two of the five participants who were reactive for anti-HCV had the HCV genotype 1a and 3a. The seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection in Malaysia is low and intermediate, respectively. This population-based study could facilitate the planning and evaluation of the hepatitis B and C control program in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Asiah Muhamad
- Evidence-Based Healthcare Sector, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Center for Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Rimah Melati Ab Ghani
- Evidence-Based Healthcare Sector, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Center for Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip
- Center for Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Eida Nurhadzira Muhammad
- Center for Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Hasmah Mohamad Haris
- Center for Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Rozainanee Mohd Zain
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Noraidatulakma Abdullah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azila Muhammad Azami
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazihah Abd Jalal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ismail
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Mhd Yusuf
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raihannah Othman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Shaharom Abdullah
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Arman Kamaruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Tahir Aris
- Center for Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Research, Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, 40170, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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French hepatitis C care cascade: substantial impact of direct-acting antivirals, but the road to elimination is still long. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:759. [PMID: 33059617 PMCID: PMC7559725 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05478-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination by 2030, as targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO), requires that 90% of people with chronic infection be diagnosed and 80% treated. We estimated the cascade of care (CoC) for chronic HCV infection in mainland France in 2011 and 2016, before and after the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). METHODS The numbers of people (1) with chronic HCV infection, (2) aware of their infection, (3) receiving care for HCV and (4) on antiviral treatment, were estimated for 2011 and 2016. Estimates for 1) and 2) were based on modelling studies for 2011 and on a virological sub-study nested in a national cross-sectional survey among the general population for 2016. Estimates for 3) and 4) were made using the National Health Data System. RESULTS Between 2011 and 2016, the number of people with chronic HCV infection decreased by 31%, from 192,700 (95% Credibility interval: 150,900-246,100) to 133,500 (95% Confidence interval: 56,900-312,600). The proportion of people aware of their infection rose from 57.7 to 80.6%. The number of people receiving care for HCV increased by 22.5% (representing 25.7% of those infected in 2016), while the number of people on treatment increased by 24.6% (representing 12.1% of those infected in 2016). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that DAAs substantially impact CoC. However, access to care and treatment for infected people remained insufficient in 2016. Updating CoC estimates will help to assess the impact of new measures implemented since 2016 as part of the goal to eliminate HCV.
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Prevalence and high risk behaviours associated with HCV testing among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:64. [PMID: 32831107 PMCID: PMC7445934 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C diagnosis could be a gateway to behavioral change and subsequent decline in transmission among people who inject drugs (PWIDs). We assessed the association between the social determinants of PWID, their risk behaviors and hepatitis C testing. METHODS We searched for studies in English published before May 1, 2020, on PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science to identify primary studies on the factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing among PWID. After reviewing for study duplicates, the full-text of selected articles were assessed for eligibility using Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes (PICO) criteria. i) population: individuals who report injecting drugs; ii) intervention: HCV testing in the past year; iii) comparator: PWIDs who did not have an HCV test; iv) outcome: HCV testing among PWIDs and v) study type: cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies. Two independent reviewers (author BA and AB) chose the references in a two-phased monitoring process. The authors gathered data from selected papers, including the surname of the first author, publication date, participant demographic data (age, sex, and level of education) and other characteristics like previous HCV testing, past treatment attempts, duration of injecting drug use and condomless sex. We used fixed and random-effects meta-analysis models to estimate the pooled prevalence, pooled odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence intervals. The data were analyzed using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS After a detailed assessment of over 12,000 articles, a total of 16 studies containing 38,952 participants met the eligibility criteria. Our findings showed a pooled prevalence rate of 61.01% (95% CI, 34.65-84.32%) for recent HCV testing among PWIDs. Being female (OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.13, 2.26), aged > 30 years, (OR = 2.61, 95%CI = 1.66-3.56) having past treatment attempt (OR = 2.24, 95%CI = 1.80-2.68), and reporting a previous test (OR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.23-2.82). were significantly associated with having a recent HCV test.,,. Finding of present study was that unprotected sex had a negative association with HCV testing. Those PWIDs who had unprotected sex were 0.56 times less likely to have completed HCV testing during last year (OR = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.33-0.78). CONCLUSION Prevention programs that address age > 30 years, being female, past treatment attempt, previous testing of safe sexual practices, are strongly recommended to prioritize HCV risk reduction strategies.
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de Ledinghen V, Hanslik B, Moussalli J, Si Ahmed SN, Ouzan D, Larrey D. Hepatitis C virus infection impacts work productivity and fatigue: An epidemiologic real-life study. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:708-714. [PMID: 31164266 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and treatment impact the patient's daily life and work productivity. Until recently, treatments were associated with side effects and insufficient virologic and hepatic results. This study evaluated fatigue, work productivity, and treatment modalities in patients with HCV infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional, non-interventional, multicenter study was conducted in real-life settings between March and December 2015 at 109 sites in France. RESULTS Data from 1269 patients were evaluable. The mean patient age was 55.8±12.5 years; 53.3% (676) patients were male. A total of 80.1% (1015) of patients were Caucasian and 62.3% (791) had a genotype 1 infection, 34.2% (433) had at least one comorbidity and 15.6% (198) had ≥1 clinical sign/symptom. Illicit drug use was the main route of HCV transmission and accounted for 36.8% (466) of all infections. Fibrosis stage F0/F1 was reported in 41.4% (525) of patients. A majority of patients (60.4%, 764) had never been treated. In patients previously treated, 85.8% (430) received ribavirin and pegylated interferon and only 13.4% (67) direct-acting antivirals. The mean percent of global impairment due to health was highest (34.8±30.9%) in patients 18-45 years of age. The prevalence of active employed patients with a total fatigue score≥its median value (45/160) was 38.6%. The mean percent work time missed due to health was 9.6±23.6% for working patients of 18-45 years of age and 7.3±21.8% for working patients of 45-65 years of age. The mean overall prevalence of employed patients with impairment due to health issues was 21.8±26.8%. The prevalence of patients with a reduced work activity of ≥50% due to their health status was 32.1%. CONCLUSION These data reinforce the request for improved disease management in France, allowing patients with HCV infection to increase work productivity, reduce fatigue, and, hopefully, cure their disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor de Ledinghen
- Hepatology Unit, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pessac, France.
| | | | | | | | - Denis Ouzan
- Private Practice, St. Laurent du Var, France
| | - Dominique Larrey
- Hepatology Unit, University Hospital Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Koc Ö, Van Damme P, Busschots D, Bielen R, Forier A, Nevens F, Robaeys G. Acute hepatitis B notification rates in Flanders, Belgium, 2009 to 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 31362809 PMCID: PMC6668289 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.30.1900064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Belgium is a low-endemic country for hepatitis B. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in infants with catch-up in the age cohort of 10–13 year-olds began in 1999. Aims Our objective was to evaluate the effect of prevention and control strategies on acute hepatitis B notification rates in Flanders (Belgium) from 2009 to 2017. Methods This observational study collected demographic data and risk factors for acute hepatitis B from mandatory notifications to the Agency for Care and Health. Results In Flanders, acute hepatitis B notification rates per 100,000 population decreased from 1.6 in 2009 to 0.7 in 2017. These rates declined in all age groups: 0–4-year-olds: 0.6 to 0.0, 5–14-year-olds: 0.2 to 0.0, 15–24-year-olds: 0.8 to 0.7, 25–34-year-olds: 3.4 to 1.1 and ≥ 35-year-olds: 1.59 to 0.7. There was also a downward trend in acute hepatitis B notification rates in native Belgians and first-generation migrants. Among 15–24-year-olds and 25–34-year-olds, a possible reversal of the decreasing trend was observed in 2016 and 2015, respectively. Among 548 acute hepatitis B cases, the main route of transmission was sexual activity (30.7%), and the pattern of transmission routes over time showed an increasing proportion of sexual transmission in men who have sex with men (MSM) after 2014. During the period from 2009 to 2017, five mother-to-child transmissions were reported. Conclusions Prevention and control strategies were effective in reducing the acute hepatitis B notification rate. However, stronger prevention and control measures are needed in adult risk groups, particularly MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Koc
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dana Busschots
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Rob Bielen
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Anmarie Forier
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Agency for Care and Health, Limburg, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Robaeys
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
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Duracinsky M, Thonon F, Bun S, Ben Nasr I, Dara AF, Lakhdari S, Coblentz-Baumann L, Lert F, Dimi S, Chassany O. Good acceptability of HIV, HBV, and HCV screening during immigration medical check-up amongst migrants in France in the STRADA study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235260. [PMID: 32589652 PMCID: PMC7319329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C amongst migrants in France is high. Thus, effective screening and follow-up is needed. The mandatory medical check-up for residency application is an opportunity to offer rapid HIV and hepatitis testing. The main objective of the STRADA study is to create a feasible and acceptable screening strategy for migrants. Within the STRADA study, this qualitative research examined the acceptability of conducting screening tests in the context of residency application. Methods We conducted a qualitative study amongst legal migrants over 18 years of age with sufficient knowledge of the French, English, or Arabic language. Interviews were performed following a semi-structured interview guide of open-ended questions. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and subsequently analyzed through thematic analysis. Results We interviewed 34 migrants. Mean age was 32.6 (min-max: 19, 59) years. The participants’ region of origin was mostly Sub-Saharan Africa and the main reason for migrating to France was family reunification. Migrants' acceptability of HIV and hepatitis testing was high. Participants who accepted testing indicated a benefit for individual health and to avoid transmission. Most preferred rapid tests; reluctance was related to anxiety about the immediate results and the perceived reliability of rapid tests. Migrants' knowledge about HIV was satisfactory, but inadequate for hepatitis. Screening in the context of a compulsory medical visit did not present an obstacle for acceptability. Some expressed concern in the case of HIV but when explained, the independence between obtaining the residence permit along with screening and access to medical care was well understood. Discussion Medical check-ups at immigration centers is an opportunity to screen for HIV and hepatitis which is considered acceptable by migrants. Informing migrants that test results do not affect residency applications, and incorporating their preferences, are all important to optimize the acceptability of screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Duracinsky
- Université Paris-Diderot & Inserm, UMR1123, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Paris, France
- Hôpital Bicêtre, Service d’infectiologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
- AP-HP, hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé (URC-ECO), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Frédérique Thonon
- Université Paris-Diderot & Inserm, UMR1123, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Bun
- Université Paris-Diderot & Inserm, UMR1123, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Paris, France
| | - Imène Ben Nasr
- Université Paris-Diderot & Inserm, UMR1123, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Paris, France
| | - Aïchata Fofana Dara
- Université Paris-Diderot & Inserm, UMR1123, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Lakhdari
- Université Paris-Diderot & Inserm, UMR1123, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Paris, France
| | | | - France Lert
- Agence nationale de recherche sur le sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS), Paris, France
| | - Svetlane Dimi
- Hôpital Foch, Service d’Hépatologie, Suresnes, France
| | - Olivier Chassany
- Université Paris-Diderot & Inserm, UMR1123, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Paris, France
- AP-HP, hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Unité de Recherche Clinique en Economie de la Santé (URC-ECO), Paris, France
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Stroffolini T, Sagnelli E, Sagnelli C, Morisco F, Babudieri S, Furlan C, Pirisi M, Russello M, Smedile A, Pisaturo M, Almasio PL. The association between education level and chronic liver disease of any etiology. Eur J Intern Med 2020; 75:55-59. [PMID: 31982284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential link between educational level and chronic liver diseases (CLD) were explored using the mortality records of liver cirrhosis, which lack accuracy and are unable to identify the different etiological factors of liver cirrhosis. Information on the association of low educational level with the severity of CLD is lacking. AIM To evaluate the potential association linking education level to etiology and clinical stage of CLD cases. METHODS Consecutive enrolment of 11,107 subjects with CLD aged≥18 years prospectively recruited in two national surveys in 2001 and 2014 at one of the participating Italian liver units throughout the country. Subjects were pooled in two groups: low education level (less than high school) and high education level (completed high school or beyond). The association of demographic, etiological, and clinical stage of subjects with educational level was assessed using logistic regression analysis. In the analysis low educational level was the outcome variable. RESULTS A total of 11,107 subjects born in Italy (mean age 55.5 years, sex ratio 1.5) were evaluated. Multiple logistic regression analysis shows that chronic HCV infection (O.R.1,38:95%,C.I.1.23-1.55), risky alcohol intake (O.R.1.96;95%,C.I.1.73-2.21) and liver cirrhosis (O.R.1.65;95%,C.I.1.46-1.85) all resulted independently associated with less than a completed high school education. HBV infection resulted independently associated with high education level (O.R.0.74;95%,C.I.0.64-0.86), reflecting changes in HBV modes of transmission in recent decades. No association was found with CLD related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (O.R.1.03;95%, C.I.0.81-1.30). CONCLUSIONS These findings show an independent association linking education level with viruses and alcohol-related CLD. Low educational level is associated with the severity of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Stroffolini
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Evangelista Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Sagnelli
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Morisco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Babudieri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Caterina Furlan
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Antonina Smedile
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Piero Luigi Almasio
- Biomedical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Colledge S, Leung J, Grebely J, Degenhardt L, Peacock A, Hickman M, Vickerman P, Stone J, Trickey A, Larney S. Socio-demographic and ecological factors associated with anti-HCV prevalence in people who inject drugs: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107899. [PMID: 32086179 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) aim to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat by 2030. People who inject drugs (PWID) are a key risk group for HCV transmission globally. We explored socio-demographic and ecological variables associated with HCV antibody (anti-HCV) prevalence among samples of PWID. METHODS We systematically searched for and screened journal articles and online reports published between January 2011 and June 2017. Serologically confirmed anti-HCV prevalence among PWID and other study-level socio-demographic variables were extracted. Country-level ecological indicators were sourced from online databases. We used generalized linear models to investigate associations between anti-HCV prevalence estimates and other study-level and country-level variables. RESULTS There were 223 studies from 84 countries contributing 569 estimates of anti-HCV prevalence among PWID. Among study-level indicators, higher levels of anti-HCV prevalence were associated with higher HIV prevalence (B = 0.20; 95 % Confidence Interval [95 %CI] = 0.12, 0.29, p < 0.001) and year of data collection (B=-0.08; 95 %CI=-0.15, -0.02; p = 0.011). At a national level, higher Human Development Index scores (B=4.37; 95 %CI=0.12, 8.63, p = 0.044) were associated with higher levels of anti-HCV in samples. IMPLICATIONS Serological surveillance data are increasingly available globally; however, there are still geographical gaps in quantification of HCV prevalence among PWID that must be addressed to inform efforts to achieve HCV elimination. Anti-HCV prevalence was lower in samples of PWID from countries with lower Human Development Index scores, which points to an opportunity to provide targeted intervention and potentially control transmission rates of infection in countries characterized by poor population health, education, and income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Colledge
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Janni Leung
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Queensland Herston Campus, 4006, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Jason Grebely
- Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS2 8DZ, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Vickerman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS2 8DZ, Bristol, UK
| | - Jack Stone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS2 8DZ, Bristol, UK
| | - Adam Trickey
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, BS2 8DZ, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Larney
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Caré W, Hénard J, Gillard J, Cremades S, Ceppa F, Vest P, Foissaud V, Hejl C. Evaluation of Systematic Blood Testing at the Time of Recruitment to the Armed Forces: Retrospective Monocentric Study Among 726 French Army Soldiers. Mil Med 2020; 185:346-353. [PMID: 31665403 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usz368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the French armed forces, the biological checkup required during the recruitment process comprises a urinalysis (urinary dipstick), a complete blood count (CBC), and measurement of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, fasting blood glucose, and creatinine. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of this biological checkup and to determine the most relevant parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a monocentric retrospective study of all standardized and systematically conducted blood tests (CBC and measurement of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, fasting blood glucose, and creatinine) over a 15-month period among 726 French Army recruits. RESULTS The population included mainly young males (85.4%, mean age 21.6 years). More than half (54.1%) of the blood tests had at least one abnormal parameter, most often concerning the CBC. Anemia occurred in 5.3% of the population and was mostly normocytic. Microcytosis was mostly not associated with anemia (72.3% of cases). Lymphopenia occurred in 20.1% of the population and was mostly mild. Eosinophilia was present in 5.1% of the population and was never severe. Thrombocytopenia occurred in 0.7% of the population and was never severe. Serum levels of aminotransferases were elevated in 8.1% of the population. Fasting plasma glucose averaged 84 mg/dL (SD: 0.07) ranging from 64 to 123 mg/dL, was abnormal in 0.4% of the population, and one case of diabetes was diagnosed. Serum creatinine concentration was elevated in 0.7% of the population. CONCLUSION CBCs gave useful information but iron deficiency was common and insufficiently detected by this single analysis. Assessing aminotransferase levels without screening for viral hepatitis and systematic measurement of fasting plasma glucose levels did not appear to be efficient. In addition, the only interest in systematic measurement of creatinine serum levels was to obtain a reference level for long-term follow-up. In addition to the urinary dipstick, the systematic biological checkup at recruitment could be limited to a CBC with measurement of plasma ferritin levels and Hepatitis B virus serology, providing that any CBC abnormalities, in particular cytopenia, eosinophilia, and microcytosis, are systematically investigated. For a public health approach, systematic screening for other sexually transmitted infections could be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weniko Caré
- Department of Internal Medicine, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, 101 Boulevard Henri Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Jessica Hénard
- Third Military Medical Center, Quartier Saint Ruth, Rue de la Porte d'Ypres, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jonathan Gillard
- Surgeon General Office, Operations Division, Fort Neuf de Vincennes, Cours des Maréchaux, 75614 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | - Serge Cremades
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, 69 Avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France.,Val-de-Grâce School, 1 Place Alphonse Laveran, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Franck Ceppa
- Val-de-Grâce School, 1 Place Alphonse Laveran, 75005 Paris, France.,Department of Biology, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, 69 Avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Philippe Vest
- Department of Biology, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, 101 Avenue Henri Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Vincent Foissaud
- Department of Biology, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, 101 Avenue Henri Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Carine Hejl
- Department of Biology, Percy Military Teaching Hospital, 101 Avenue Henri Barbusse, 92140 Clamart, France
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Marko D, Oswald IP, Piersma A, Routledge M, Schlatter J, Baert K, Gergelova P, Wallace H. Risk assessment of aflatoxins in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06040. [PMID: 32874256 PMCID: PMC7447885 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occurrence of aflatoxins were used in the evaluation. Grains and grain-based products made the largest contribution to the mean chronic dietary exposure to AFB1 in all age classes, while 'liquid milk' and 'fermented milk products' were the main contributors to the AFM1 mean exposure. Aflatoxins are genotoxic and AFB1 can cause hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in humans. The CONTAM Panel selected a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) for a benchmark response of 10% of 0.4 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day for the incidence of HCC in male rats following AFB1 exposure to be used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. The calculation of a BMDL from the human data was not appropriate; instead, the cancer potencies estimated by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2016 were used. For AFM1, a potency factor of 0.1 relative to AFB1 was used. For AFG1, AFB2 and AFG2, the in vivo data are not sufficient to derive potency factors and equal potency to AFB1 was assumed as in previous assessments. MOE values for AFB1 exposure ranged from 5,000 to 29 and for AFM1 from 100,000 to 508. The calculated MOEs are below 10,000 for AFB1 and also for AFM1 where some surveys, particularly for the younger age groups, have an MOE below 10,000. This raises a health concern. The estimated cancer risks in humans following exposure to AFB1 and AFM1 are in-line with the conclusion drawn from the MOEs. The conclusions also apply to the combined exposure to all five aflatoxins.
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Has Increased Rollout of Direct Acting Antiviral Therapy Decreased the Burden of Late Presentation and Advanced Liver Disease in Patients Starting Hepatitis C Virus Therapy in Germany? J Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 54:192-199. [PMID: 30789853 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
GOALS AND BACKGROUND International guidelines recommend prioritized treatment initiation in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with advanced liver disease. We aimed to evaluate whether the widespread usage of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) has led to a decrease in late presentation for care. STUDY Data derived from the multicenter German Hepatitis C Cohort (GECCO) was analyzed. Treatment naive HCV-infected patients initiating DAA-based treatment between January 2014 and September 2017 were included. Advanced liver disease was defined by aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index score ≥1.5, METAVIR≥F3, or FibroScan ≥9.5 kPa. Period prevalence and risk factors for late presentation were evaluated. RESULTS Six hundred fifty-three HCV-monoinfected and 210 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients (mean age, 48.6±12.7 y; 65.5% male) were included. Overall 32.5% of patients had advanced liver disease. In 2014 39.4% of patients presented with advanced liver disease, decreasing to 30.1%, 34.4%, and 26.4% in the years 2015, 2016, and 2017 (P=0.057), respectively. Patients with and without advanced liver disease differed in age (P<0.0001), CD4 ≤350/µL (P=0.027), genotype (P=0.005), transmission route (P=0.047), body mass index (P<0.001), and time since diagnosis (P=0.007). In the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis GT3, age above 45 years and being diagnosed >2 years ago were positively and HCV transmission through men who have sex with men was negatively associated with advanced liver disease. CONCLUSIONS Overall 32.5% of patients presented with advanced liver disease. We observed a trend toward a lower proportion of patients starting treatment late.GT3, age, years since HCV diagnosis and HCV transmission route were identified as risk factors for presentation with advanced liver disease.
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Brouard C, Saboni L, Gautier A, Chevaliez S, Rahib D, Richard JB, Barin F, Larsen C, Sommen C, Pillonel J, Delarocque-Astagneau E, Lydié N, Lot F. HCV and HBV prevalence based on home blood self-sampling and screening history in the general population in 2016: contribution to the new French screening strategy. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:896. [PMID: 31660879 PMCID: PMC6819439 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4493-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The advent of effective direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), has prompted an assessment of the French Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening strategy, which historically targeted high-risk groups. One of the options put forward is the implementation of combined (i.e., simultaneous) HCV, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV screening for all adults at least once during their lifetime (“universal combined screening”). However, recent national survey-based data are lacking to guide decision-making regarding which new strategy to implement. Accordingly, we aimed to provide updated data for both chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and B (CHB) prevalence and for HCV and HBV screening history, using data from the BaroTest and 2016 Health Barometer (2016-HB) studies, respectively. Methods 2016-HB was a national cross-sectional phone based health survey conducted in 2016 among 20,032 randomly selected individuals from the general population in mainland France. BaroTest was a virological sub-study nested in 2016-HB. Data collected for BaroTest were based on home blood self-sampling on dried blood spots (DBS). Results From 6945 analyzed DBS, chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and B (CHB) prevalence was estimated at 0.30% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.13-0.70) and 0.30% (95% CI: 0.13-0.70), respectively. The proportion of individuals aware of their status was estimated at 80.6% (95% CI: 44.2-95.6) for CHC and 17.5% (95% CI: 4.9-46.4) for CHB. Universal combined screening would involve testing between 32.6 and 85.3% of 15-75 year olds according to whether we consider only individuals not previously tested for any of the three viruses, or also those already tested for one or two of the viruses. Conclusions Our data are essential to guide decision-making regarding which new HCV screening recommendation to implement in France. They also highlight that efforts are still needed to achieve the WHO’s targets for eliminating these diseases. Home blood self-sampling may prove to be a useful tool for screening and epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Brouard
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, HIV, Hepatitis B/C and STI Unit, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Leïla Saboni
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, HIV, Hepatitis B/C and STI Unit, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, Surveys Unit, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Stéphane Chevaliez
- National Reference Centre for Viral Hepatitis B, C and Delta, Department of Virology, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Paris-Est University, Créteil, France
| | - Delphine Rahib
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, Sexual Health Unit, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Richard
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, Surveys Unit, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Francis Barin
- National Reference Centre for HIV, Department of Virology, Bretonneau University Hospital, Tours, France.,INSERM U1259, François-Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Christine Larsen
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, Sexual Health Unit, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Cécile Sommen
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, Biostatistics Unit, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Josiane Pillonel
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, HIV, Hepatitis B/C and STI Unit, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau
- INSERM 1181, Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology, and Infectious Diseases (B2PHI), Paris, France.,Pasteur Institute, B2PHI, Paris, France.,Versailles Saint-Quentin University UMR 1181, B2PHI, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Nathalie Lydié
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, Sexual Health Unit, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Florence Lot
- Santé publique France, the national public health agency, HIV, Hepatitis B/C and STI Unit, Saint-Maurice, France
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Bentouhami MR, Chakib A, El Fane M. Hepatitis B knowledge, attitudes and practices among Moroccan college students. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2019; 67:397-402. [PMID: 31561941 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral Hepatitis B (HBV) prevalence in Morocco is estimated at 1.81%. University students are an exposed population due to their risky behaviors. Their knowledge about HBV is still unknown. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of college students in Casablanca about HBV. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in January 2015 among the students of the eight schools of Hassan II University in Casablanca using a self-administered questionnaire. A knowledge score was calculated to compare the groups with sufficient and insufficient knowledge. A logistic regression adjusted on gender was performed to explore the factors associated with a sufficient knowledge about HBV (P<0.05). RESULTS The response rate was 90.2% (n=652). The median age was 21 years old. From our sample, 97.5% knew the existence of "hepatitis". The main means of information were media and relatives. The most known way of infection was blood transmission (50.3%) while 11.5% believed in the effectiveness of the traditional methods of treatment. Eating with an HBV infected person was thought to be a risky behavior for 38% of the students. A knowledge level that was deemed to be sufficient was scored by 31.1% of the students. The sufficient knowledge was correlated to being a health care student, being vaccinated and being married. CONCLUSION Casablanca's student knowledge about HBV remains limited. We believe that improvements in awareness and access to immunization are needed. These measures would likely help decreasing HBV incidence in students and ensure a better social integration of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bentouhami
- Department of infectious diseases, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - A Chakib
- Department of infectious diseases, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M El Fane
- Department of infectious diseases, Ibn Rochd Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
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Zuure F, Bil J, Visser M, Snijder M, Boyd A, Blom P, Sonder G, Schinkel J, Prins M. Hepatitis B and C screening needs among different ethnic groups: A population-based study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:71-80. [PMID: 32039354 PMCID: PMC7001549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infections, including the proportion of individuals aware of infection, are scarce among migrants living in Europe. We estimated the prevalence of past and present HBV and HCV infection, along with their determinants and peoples' awareness of infection status, among different groups of first-generation migrants and Dutch-origin residents of Amsterdam. METHODS Cross-sectional data of 998 Surinamese (mostly South-Asian and African-Surinamese), 500 Ghanaian, 497 Turkish, 498 Moroccan and 500 Dutch-origin participants from the observational population-based HELIUS study were used. Blood samples of participants were tested for HBV and HCV infection. Infection awareness was determined using records from participants' general practitioners. RESULTS Age- and gender-adjusted chronic HBV prevalence was highest among Ghanaian participants (5.4%), followed by Turkish (4.1%), African-Surinamese (1.9%), Moroccan (1.2%), South-Asian Surinamese (0.9%) and Dutch (0.4%) participants. A total of 58.1% of the cases were aware of their infection. In multinomial logistic regression analyses, Ghanaian (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 42.23; 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.29-192.01), African-Surinamese (aOR 6.16; 95% CI 1.27-29.79), and Turkish (aOR 13.44; 95% CI 2.94-61.39) participants were at increased risk of chronic HBV infection compared with those of Dutch origin. Older participants were also at increased risk (aOR 1.02 per year; 95% CI 1.00-1.05), whereas women were at lower risk (aOR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29-0.83). HCV prevalence was 0.4% (95% CI 0.1-1.3%) among Dutch and African-Surinamese and 0% (95% CI 0.0-0.5%) for each of the other groups; all cases with follow-up data were aware of their infection. CONCLUSIONS Ghanaian, Turkish and African-Surinamese first-generation migrants are at increased risk of chronic HBV infection and many are unaware of their infection, whereas HCV prevalence was low among all ethnic groups. Screening campaigns are urgently warranted and need to consider specific ethnic groups. LAY SUMMARY First-generation migrants of Ghanaian, Turkish and African-Surinamese origin were at increased risk of chronic hepatitis B infection, with most infections occurring in older individuals and males. Since over 40% of people were unaware of their chronic hepatitis B infection, screening of these migrant groups is urgently needed. The proportion of first-generation migrants chronically infected with hepatitis C virus was very low among all groups studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freke Zuure
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Bil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Visser
- The Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Snijder
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anders Boyd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Saint Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Petra Blom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Sonder
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janke Schinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Izquierdo L, Mellon G, Buchaillet C, Fac C, Soutière MP, Pallier C, Dulioust A, Roque-Afonso AM. Prevalence of hepatitis E virus and reassessment of HIV and other hepatitis virus seroprevalences among French prison inmates. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218482. [PMID: 31242210 PMCID: PMC6594613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prison inmates are considered a high-risk population for blood-borne and enterically transmitted infections before and during their imprisonment. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) prevalence is unknown among French inmates, whereas a reassessment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalences is required to describe the epidemiologic evolution in this high-risk population. Methods A prospective survey was conducted from June to December 2017 in Fresnes prison, a penitentiary center with 2,581 inmates. In addition to HIV, HAV, HBV and HCV testing, which is offered to all patients at admission, we systematically offered HEV screening. Retrospective serological data for HIV, HBV and HCV, collected annually from 2014 to 2017, were also used to assess evolution. Results In 2017, 1,093 inmates were screened for HEV, HIV, HAV, HBV and HCV. Prevalences in this population were 8.2%, 1.3%, 62.7%, 1.9% and 2.9%, respectively. HEV seroprevalence increased with age (p<0.0001) and was higher among Eastern Europe born inmates (p<0.0001). Between 2014 and 2017, HIV seroprevalence remained steady, while a decrease in HBV and HCV seroprevalence was observed. Conclusions Compared to the reported prevalence in French blood donors, HEV seroprevalence was remarkably low in French inmates. HIV, HAV, HBV and HCV prevalences among prisoners were higher than reported in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Izquierdo
- Virologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
| | - Guillaume Mellon
- Médecine, Etablissement Public National de Santé de Fresnes (EPSNF), Fresnes, France
- Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Céline Buchaillet
- Unité de Consultations et de Soins en Ambulatoire (UCSA), Centre Pénitentiaire de Fresnes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Catherine Fac
- Unité de Consultations et de Soins en Ambulatoire (UCSA), Centre Pénitentiaire de Fresnes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | | | - Anne Dulioust
- Médecine, Etablissement Public National de Santé de Fresnes (EPSNF), Fresnes, France
| | - Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso
- Virologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Sud, Bicêtre, France
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Edmunds BL, Miller ER, Tsourtos G. The distribution and socioeconomic burden of Hepatitis C virus in South Australia: a cross-sectional study 2010-2016. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:527. [PMID: 31068170 PMCID: PMC6505114 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is a communicable disease of increasing global importance with 1.75 million new infections and 400,000 related deaths annually. Until recently, treatment options have had low uptake and most infected people remain untreated. New Direct Acting Antiviral medications can clear the virus in around 95% of cases, with few side-effects. These medications are restricted in most countries but freely accessible in Australia, yet most people still remain untreated. This study applies a cross-sectional research design to investigate the socio-spatial distribution of HCV in South Australia, to identify vulnerable populations, and examine epidemiological factors to potentially inform future targeted strategies for improved treatment uptake. METHOD HCV surveillance data were sourced from South Australia's Communicable Diseases Control Branch and socio-economic population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics from January 2010 to December 2016 inclusive. HCV cases were spatially mapped at postcode level. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of demographic risks for HCV notification and notification source. RESULTS HCV notifications (n = 3356) were seven times more likely to be from people residing in the poorest areas with high rates of non-employment (75%; n = 1876) and injecting drug use (74%; n = 1862) reported. Notifications among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were around six times that of non-Indigenous people. HCV notifications negatively correlated (Spearman's rho - 0.426; p < 0.001) with socio-economic status (residential postcode socio-economic resources Index). History of imprisonment independently predicted HCV diagnoses in lesser economically-resourced areas (RR1.5; p < 0.001). Independent predictors of diagnosis elsewhere than in general practices were non-employment (RR 4.6; p = 0.028), being male (RR 2.5; p < 0.001), and younger than mean age at diagnosis (RR 2.1; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Most people diagnosed with HCV were from marginalised sub-populations. Given general practitioners are pivotal to providing effective HCV treatment for many people in Australia a most concerning finding was that non-employed people were statistically less likely to be diagnosed by general practitioners. These findings highlight a need for further action aimed at improving healthcare access and treatment uptake to help reduce the burden of HCV for marginalised people, and progress the vision of eliminating HCV as a major public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Ruth Miller
- Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia
| | - George Tsourtos
- Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, 5001 South Australia
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Harris RJ, Harris HE, Mandal S, Ramsay M, Vickerman P, Hickman M, De Angelis D. Monitoring the hepatitis C epidemic in England and evaluating intervention scale-up using routinely collected data. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:541-551. [PMID: 30663179 PMCID: PMC6518935 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In England, 160 000 individuals were estimated to be chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 2005 and the burden of severe HCV-related liver disease has increased steadily for the past 15 years. Direct-acting antiviral treatments can clear infection in most patients, motivating HCV elimination targets. However, the current burden of HCV is unknown and new methods are required to monitor progress. We employed a Bayesian back-calculation approach, combining data on severe HCV-related liver disease and disease progression, to reconstruct historical HCV incidence and estimate current prevalence in England. We explicitly modelled infections occurring in people who inject drugs, the key risk group, allowing information on the size of this population and surveillance data on HCV prevalence to inform recent incidence. We estimated that there were 143 000 chronic infections in 2015 (95% credible interval 123 000-161 000), with 34% and 54% in those with recent and past injecting drug use, respectively. Following the planned scale-up of new treatments, chronic infections were predicted to fall to 113 400 (94 900-132 400) by the end of 2018 and to 89 500 (71 300-108 600) by the end of 2020. Numbers developing severe HCV-related liver disease were predicted to fall by at least 24% from 2015 to 2020. Thus, we describe a coherent framework to monitor progress using routinely collected data, which can be extended to incorporate additional data sources. Planned treatment scale-up is likely to achieve 2020 WHO targets for HCV morbidity, but substantial efforts will be required to ensure that HCV testing and patient engagement are sufficiently high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J. Harris
- Statistics Modelling and Economics DepartmentNational Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - Helen E. Harris
- Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety DepartmentNational Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - Sema Mandal
- Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety DepartmentNational Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - Mary Ramsay
- Immunisation, Hepatitis and Blood Safety DepartmentNational Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandLondonUK
| | - Peter Vickerman
- Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Daniela De Angelis
- Statistics Modelling and Economics DepartmentNational Infection ServicePublic Health EnglandLondonUK,MRC Biostatistics UnitCambridge Institute of Public HealthCambridgeUK
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Prevalence of hepatitis C infection, screening and associated factors among men who have sex with men attending gay venues: a cross-sectional survey (PREVAGAY), France, 2015. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:315. [PMID: 30971207 PMCID: PMC6458747 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last 20 years, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence has dramatically increased among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) in many countries worldwide. It is suspected that this increase is primarily driven by sexual behaviours linked to blood exposure. Monitoring these behaviours is crucial to understand the drivers of the epidemic. This study assessed the prevalence of chronic HCV infection among MSM attending gay venues and associated chronic HCV risk factors. HCV screening and associated factors were described. Methods The cross-sectional survey PREVAGAY, based on time-location sampling, was conducted in 2015 among MSM attending gay venues in 5 French metropolitan cities. A self-administered questionnaire was completed and capillary whole blood on dried blood spots (DBS) collected. Possible factors associated with chronic HCV prevalence and with HCV screening in the previous year were investigated using Poisson regression. Results Chronic HCV infection prevalence from DBS analysis was 0.7% [IC95%: 0.3–1.5] in the study’s 2645 participants and was 3.0% [1.5–5.8] in HIV-positive MSM. It was significantly higher in those who reported the following: (lifetime) slamming (with or without the sharing of injection equipment); (during the previous year) fisting and chemsex, unprotected anal intercourse with casual partners, using gay websites and/or of mobile-based GPS applications, and having more than 10 sexual partners. Only 41.3% [38.2–44.5] of the participants reported HCV screening during the previous year. Screening was significantly more frequent in MSM under 30 years of age, those who were HIV-positive, those vaccinated against hepatitis B and meningococcus C, and those who reported the following (during the previous year): more than 10 sexual partners, at least one sexually transmitted infection and fisting. Conclusion Chronic HCV infection prevalence in MSM attending gay venues was significantly higher in HIV-positive MSM and in those with risky sexual behaviours. Reflecting current screening recommendations for specific populations, previous HCV screening was more frequent in HIV-positive individuals and those with risky sexual behaviours. Nevertheless, HCV screening coverage needs to be improved in these populations. Comprehensive medical management, which combines screening and linkage to care with prevention strategies, is essential to control HCV among MSM.
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Koc ÖM, Kremer C, Bielen R, Buscchots D, Hens N, Nevens F, Robaeys G. Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection in Middle-Limburg Belgium, year 2017: Importance of migration. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1479-1488. [PMID: 30870580 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence study performed in 2003 in Belgium is believed to be underestimating HBV prevalence due to underrepresentation of the non-Belgian population. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence and risk factors of HBV infection in a multi-ethnic region situated in Middle-Limburg Belgium, in 2017. METHODS Between May and November 2017, blood samples and questionnaires were taken from patients who presented at the emergency department of a large educational hospital. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc). A sample size of 1000 persons was required to obtain a representative sample of the general Middle-Limburg population. RESULTS Of the 1131 patients screened, the overall HBsAg prevalence was 0.97% with differences between Belgians (0.67%) and first-generation-migrants (2.55%), (P = 0.015). Five (45.5%) of 11 HBsAg-positive individuals were not aware of their HBV status. All five (100%) newly diagnosed HBsAg-positive patients had further clinical evaluation and all had a normal level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The prevalence of anti-HBc was 8.4%, and was significantly associated with age-gender-ethnicity interaction, presence of HBV-infected household member, hepatitis C virus infection, men who have sex with men, and hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS In this area with large immigrant populations, we found a higher prevalence of HBV infection compared with the nationwide study of 2003. National HBV screening for first-generation migrants is needed as this high-risk group will go unnoticed due to the possible incorrect interpretation of normal ALT values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür M Koc
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Kremer
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-Biostat), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Rob Bielen
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dana Buscchots
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Niel Hens
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (I-Biostat), Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Centre for Health Economic Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Robaeys
- Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Department of Gastro-Enterology and Hepatology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Ataei B, Alavian SM, Shahriari-Fard F, Rabiei AA, Safaei A, Rabiei A, Ataei M. A case-control study of risk factors for hepatitis B infection: A regional report among Isfahanian adults. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:22. [PMID: 31007692 PMCID: PMC6450138 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_761_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B is one of the major causes of mortality among viral diseases. To reduce morbidity rate and increase knowledge of people about potential risk factors, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B among the general population and the risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Isfahan, Iran. Materials and Methods: In a case–control study, 314 HBV-infected patients and 557 healthy participants were recruited. Data on demographics, immunization history, medical history, family medical history, life history, therapeutic factors, and behavioral risk factors were collected through a standard checklist. Chi-square and logistic regression were used for univariate and multivariable analyses. Results: Our results showed that among sociodemographic variables, higher age, being male, lower economic status, and lower educational attainments increased the risk of affecting by HBV (odds ratio [OR] >1, P < 0.001); furthermore, Iranian and no immigrant people showed higher significant risk of being affected by HBV. Multivariable logistic regression showed among medical, blood, and behavioral risk factors, family history of hepatitis (OR: 10.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.56–24.86), dental treatment history (OR: 4.30; 95% CI: 1.41–13.10), and hospitalization (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.72–5.00). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that there are still several risk factors for hepatitis B surface antigen infection among the Iranian adult population. Immunization programs should continue and focus on high-risk adults, and interventions should be directed toward to reduce risk factors associated with hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrooz Ataei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed Moayed Alavian
- Baghiatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baghiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faramarz Shahriari-Fard
- Isfahan Medical School Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Rabiei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Safaei
- Isfahan Medical School Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Rabiei
- Baghiatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baghiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Isfahan Medical School Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ataei
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Kwizera R, Moibéni A, Shenawy F, Youssif M. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C among blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) in Burundi. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 31:119. [PMID: 31037179 PMCID: PMC6462377 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.31.119.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION in Burundi, blood safety is one of the concerns of the Ministry of Public Health and Fight against AIDS. To this end, all donor blood bags must be screened for hepatitis B and C, that is the reason why the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS) has an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); better chain to perform these tests properly. This study aimed to highlight the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among blood donors at the National Blood Transfusion Center of Burundi for a period from the January the 1st to the 30th of June 2016. METHODS this retrospective study was conducted among blood donors (both sexes) aged between 18 years and 50 years. The objective was to collect from the registration registers and the monthly activity reports, the results of the ELISA test obtained after the diagnosis of hepatitis B and C of the blood donors from 1stJanuary to 30th June 2016. RESULTS in our series of 8,993 samples tested, the prevalence of HBV was 1.04% and HCV was 1.12%. No association VHB- HCV was recorded. CONCLUSION this study showed a low prevalence rate which shows a clear improvement in preventative measures for donor selection and screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Kwizera
- Laboratory of the National Hospital Clinic Prince Louis Rwagasore, Bujumbura, Burundi
- University of Bujumbura Light, Nursing Department Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Amani Moibéni
- University of Burundi, Faculty of Medicine, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Farha Shenawy
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Youssif
- Mansoura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Microbiology, Mansoura, Egypt
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Lydié N, Saboni L, Gautier A, Brouard C, Chevaliez S, Barin F, Larsen C, Lot F, Rahib D. Innovative Approach for Enhancing Testing of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C in the General Population: Protocol for an Acceptability and Feasibility Study (BaroTest 2016). JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e180. [PMID: 30314963 PMCID: PMC6231787 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite substantial screening for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in France, a great number of infected persons remain undiagnosed. In this context, Santé publique France experimented with a new screening approach for HBV, HCV, and HIV infection, based on home self-sampling using dried blood spot (DBS) for blood collection. Objective The objectives of the BaroTest study were to assess the acceptability and feasibility of this approach and to update the prevalence estimates of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections in the general population. Methods Participants were enrolled using the 2016 Health Barometer, a national cross-sectional telephone survey based on a large representative sample of the general population aged 15 to 75 years (N=15,000). Upon completion of the questionnaire, any participant in the Health Barometer aged 18 to 75 years, having medical health insurance, and not under guardianship was invited to receive a self-sampling kit delivered by standard postal mail and to return the DBS card to the laboratory. The laboratory was then responsible for reporting the results to the participants. Acceptability of the protocol was based on the percentage of eligible individuals agreeing to receive the self-sampling kit, on the proportion of people returning the DBS card, and on the proportion of participants out of the total eligible population. The feasibility of the approach was based on the number of participants with adequately filled blood spots and the number of participants with blood spots for which at least one virological analysis could be performed. A complex system of reminders was implemented to increase the participation rate. Accordingly, we assumed that 35.00% (4900/14,000) of eligible persons would accept and return their DBS card. As the highest expected prevalence was for HBV infection, estimated at 0.65% in 2004, 5000 persons would make it possible to estimate this prevalence with an accuracy of approximately 0.22%. All indicators can be analyzed according to the characteristics of the participants collected in the Health Barometer questionnaire. BaroTest was approved by the French Ethics Committee (November 11, 2015) and the Commission on Information Technology and Liberties (December 24, 2015). The study has been registered by the French medical authority under number 2015-A01252-47 on November 10, 2015. Results The results on acceptability and feasibility are expected in the last quarter of 2018 and those on the prevalence estimates in the first semester of 2019. Conclusions The BaroTest results will help to inform new strategies for HIV, HBV, and HCV screening, and the Health Barometer provides a reliable updated assessment of the burden of HBV, HCV, and HIV infections in the general population in France while reducing the costs typically associated with this type of research. Registered Report Identifier RR1-10.2196/9797
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lydié
- Sexual Health Unit, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Leila Saboni
- HIV, Hepatitis B/C and STI Unit, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Arnaud Gautier
- Surveys Unit, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Cécile Brouard
- HIV, Hepatitis B/C and STI Unit, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Stéphane Chevaliez
- Centre National de Référence des Hépatites B, C et Delta, Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Francis Barin
- Centre National de Référence du VIH & Inserm U1259, CHU Bretonneau, Université François-Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Christine Larsen
- Sexual Health Unit, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Florence Lot
- HIV, Hepatitis B/C and STI Unit, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Delphine Rahib
- Sexual Health Unit, Santé publique France, Saint-Maurice, France
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Deuffic-Burban S, Huneau A, Verleene A, Brouard C, Pillonel J, Le Strat Y, Cossais S, Roudot-Thoraval F, Canva V, Mathurin P, Dhumeaux D, Yazdanpanah Y. Assessing the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C screening strategies in France. J Hepatol 2018; 69:785-792. [PMID: 30227916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS In Europe, hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening still targets people at high risk of infection. We aim to determine the cost-effectiveness of expanded HCV screening in France. METHODS A Markov model simulated chronic hepatitis C (CHC) prevalence, incidence of events, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in the French general population, aged 18 to 80 years, undiagnosed for CHC for different strategies: S1 = current strategy targeting the at risk population; S2 = S1 and all men between 18 and 59 years; S3 = S1 and all individuals between 40 and 59 years; S4 = S1 and all individuals between 40 and 80 years; S5 = all individuals between 18 and 80 years (universal screening). Once CHC was diagnosed, treatment was initiated either to patients with fibrosis stage ≥F2 or regardless of fibrosis. Data were extracted from published literature, a national prevalence survey, and a previously published mathematical model. ICER were interpreted based on one or three times French GDP per capita (€32,800). RESULTS Universal screening led to the lowest prevalence of CHC and incidence of events, regardless of treatment initiation. When considering treatment initiation to patients with fibrosis ≥F2, targeting all people aged 40-80 was the only cost-effective strategy at both thresholds (€26,100/QALY). When we considered treatment for all, although universal screening of all individuals aged 18-80 is associated with the highest costs, it is more effective than targeting all people aged 40-80, and cost-effective at both thresholds (€31,100/QALY). CONCLUSIONS In France, universal screening is the most effective screening strategy for HCV. Universal screening is cost-effective when treatment is initiated regardless of fibrosis stage. From an individual and especially from a societal perspective of HCV eradication, this strategy should be implemented. LAY SUMMARY In the context of highly effective and well tolerated therapies for hepatitis C virus that are now recommended for all patients, a reassessment of hepatitis C screening strategies is needed. An effectiveness and cost-effectiveness study of different strategies targeting either the at-risk population, specific ages or all individuals was performed. In France, universal screening is the most effective strategy and is cost-effective when treatment is initiated regardless of fibrosis stage. From an individual and especially from a societal perspective of hepatitis C virus eradication, this strategy should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Deuffic-Burban
- IAME, UMR 1137, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France.
| | - Alexandre Huneau
- IAME, UMR 1137, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adeline Verleene
- IAME, UMR 1137, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Sabrina Cossais
- IAME, UMR 1137, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Canva
- Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France; Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- IAME, UMR 1137, Inserm, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de maladies Infectieuses et tropicales, Hôpital Bichat Claude Bernard, Paris, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the number of patients hospitalized for HIV-related reasons in France, to describe their characteristics and to estimate hospitalization-associated costs. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of the French hospital medical information database (Programme de médicalisation des systèmes d'information en médecine, chirurgie, obstétrique et odontologie database). METHODS Patients hospitalized with HIV in France in 2013 and 2014 were identified in the database through International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision diagnostic codes as well as comorbidities and opportunistic infections. Hospital stays for each patient were extracted over a 12-month period following the initial index hospitalization. Costing was performed from the perspective of national health insurance. Direct costs were attributed from national tariffs for medical acts and expressed in 2016 Euros. RESULTS During the study period, 70 180 stays, including day (80%) and overnight (20%) hospitalization, of patients with HIV were identified, of which 37 477 stays (by 20 126 patients) were directly related to HIV. In patients with overnight hospitalization, an opportunistic infection was documented in 50% of patients and at least one comorbidity were identified in 85% of patients. The overall estimated total annual cost of hospital stays was &OV0556; 64 126 616 (median annual cost per patient: &OV0556; 545). The median annual per capita cost was &OV0556; 541 for day hospitalization, &OV0556; 7664 for overnight stay with comorbidities and &OV0556; 9059 for overnight stay with opportunistic infections. CONCLUSION Most patients hospitalized with HIV in France presented an opportunistic infection or at least one comorbidity that contributed to costs of hospitalization. The organization of interfaces between different healthcare providers in hospital and community practice needs to be organized so that comorbidities are identified and managed optimally.
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