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Shafiq N, Jannat A, Munir H, Rashid M, Parveen S. Exploring the potential of FDA approved anti-diabetic drugs for repurposing against COVID-19: a core combination of multiple computational strategies and integrated artificial intelligence. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6556-6576. [PMID: 37455488 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2234993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The latest variant of coronavirus is omicron. The World Health Organization (WHO) designated variation 'B.1.1.529' named omicron as a variant of concern (VOC) on 26 November 2021. By September 2020, it will have infected over 16 million patients and killed over 600,000 people over the world. This very infectious viral illness still poses a danger to world health; it has also become the greatest problem the world is facing and become the main area of research. The development of vaccines is insufficient to stop their spread and serious effects. Despite several reputable pharmaceutical firms claiming to have developed a cure for COVID-19. For that purpose, the field-based 3D-QSAR model has been used to analyze a series of anti-diabetic drugs to repurpose them against COVID-19. The LOO verified partial least square (PLS) model generates satisfactory q2 (0.4) and r2 (0.5) values. By using this model 10 compounds were screened out of 55 FDA approved anti-diabetic drugs (built-up library). Additionally, these substances were examined using molecular docking screening and ADMET. Finally, the drugs L8, and L23 were discovered to be the lead drugs. Density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311G* technique was used to examine structural geometries, electronic characteristics, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). This work will greatly assist in the detection and development of leads for early drug development to control COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Shafiq
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Jannat
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Huma Munir
- Green Chemistry Lab., Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Rashid
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Synthetic and Natural Product Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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2
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Hamad A, Alkadi MM, Al-Malki H. COVID-19 and patients on renal replacement therapy: Perspective from the State of Qatar. Qatar Med J 2024; 2024:1. [PMID: 38757061 PMCID: PMC11097679 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2024.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hamad
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad M Alkadi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Malki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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3
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Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Islam MA, Zayed H, Ohimain EI, Lee SS, Bhattacharya P, Dhama K. Reverse Zoonotic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Monkeypox Virus: A Comprehensive Review. J Microbiol 2024; 62:337-354. [PMID: 38777985 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Reverse zoonosis reveals the process of transmission of a pathogen through the human-animal interface and the spillback of the zoonotic pathogen. In this article, we methodically demonstrate various aspects of reverse zoonosis, with a comprehensive discussion of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV reverse zoonosis. First, different components of reverse zoonosis, such as humans, different pathogens, and numerous animals (poultry, livestock, pets, wild animals, and zoo animals), have been demonstrated. Second, it explains the present status of reverse zoonosis with different pathogens during previous occurrences of various outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Here, we present 25 examples from literature. Third, using several examples, we comprehensively illustrate the present status of the reverse zoonosis of SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV. Here, we have provided 17 examples of SARS-CoV-2 reverse zoonosis and two examples of MPXV reverse zoonosis. Fourth, we have described two significant aspects of reverse zoonosis: understanding the fundamental aspects of spillback and awareness. These two aspects are required to prevent reverse zoonosis from the current infection with two significant viruses. Finally, the One Health approach was discussed vividly, where we urge scientists from different areas to work collaboratively to solve the issue of reverse zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, VyasaVihar, Balasore, 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Sciences, Qatar University, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elijah Ige Ohimain
- Microbiology Department, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chakraborty C, Mallick B, Bhattacharya M, Byrareddy SN. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Spike shows strong binding affinity and favourable interaction landscape with the TLR4/MD2 compared to other variants. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100347. [PMID: 38494253 PMCID: PMC10980867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Emergences of SARS-CoV-2 variants have made the pandemic more critical. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes the molecular patterns of pathogens and activates the production of proinflammatory cytokines to restrain the infection. We have identified a molecular basis of interaction between the Spike and TLR4 of SARS-CoV-2 and its present and past VOCs (variant- of concern) through in silico analysis. The interaction of wild type Spike with TLR4 showed 15 number hydrogen bonds formation. Similarly, the Alpha variants' Spike with the TLR4 has illustrated that 14 hydrogen bonds participated in the interaction. However, the Delta Spike and TLR4 interaction interface showed that 17 hydrogen bonds were formed during the interaction. Furthermore, Omicron S-glycoprotein and TLR4 interaction interface was depicted (interaction score: -170.3), and 16 hydrogen bonds were found to have been formed in the interaction. Omicron S-glycoprotein shows stronger binding affinity with the TLR4 than wild type, Alpha, and Delta variants. Similarly, the Alpha Spike shows higher binding affinity with TLR4 than the wild type and Delta variant. Now, it is an open question of the molecular basis of the interaction of Spike and TLR4 and the activated downstream signaling events of TLR4 for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India.
| | - Bidyut Mallick
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience Durham Research Center, 8047 985880 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
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Al Qurashi YMA, Abdulhakim JA, Alkhalil SS, Alansari M, Almutiri R, Alabbasi R, Fawzy MS. Molecular Epidemiology of Omicron CH.1.1 Lineage: Genomic and Phenotypic Data Perspective. Cureus 2024; 16:e53496. [PMID: 38440013 PMCID: PMC10910519 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529 lineage) of SARS-CoV-2 represents a substantial global health challenge due to its high transmissibility and potential resistance to immunity from vaccines or previous infections. Among the rapidly evolving Omicron lineages, the BA.2.75 and the emerging CH.1.1 have garnered attention. While BA.2.75 is marked by mutations that may enhance immune evasion, CH.1.1 is distinguished by the S: L452R mutation, linked to increased pathogenicity and transmission. Initially identified in India by the end of 2021, these variants have exhibited global dissemination, signaling an urgent need to track and analyze their progression. METHODS In this study, the genomic and geographical distribution data of CH.1.1 were collected from the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID), PANGOLIN, CoV-Spectrum, and NextStrain databases. Due to the unavailability of epidemiological and genomic data of the CH.1.1 lineage, PubMed and ScienceDirect were used as sources of the phenotypic data of the lineage variations. Amino acid variations utilized in the data mining included S: R346T, S: K444T, S: L452R, and S: F486S. RESULTS The current epidemiological data indicate that CH.1.1 is more likely to become one of the dominant spreading lineages in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States based on a 32% growth advantage, present CH.1.1 lineage cases number, and the amino acid variation's impact. CONCLUSION A significant increase in the newly detected lineage CH.1.1 is highly anticipated. The rise in the detected sequences number from 13,231 on January 21, 2023, to 23,181 on February 6, 2023, supports the prediction and growth advantage of the lineage detected cases. Increases in viral transmissibility caused by higher affinity to ACE2 receptors and immune evasion are deduced from amino acid variations analyzed in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jawaher A Abdulhakim
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, SAU
| | - Samia S Alkhalil
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, SAU
| | - Maymuna Alansari
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, SAU
| | - Renad Almutiri
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, SAU
| | - Rageed Alabbasi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Yanbu, SAU
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Biochemistry, Unit of Medical Research and Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, SAU
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Roknuzzaman ASM, Sarker R, Nazmunnahar, Shahriar M, Mosharrafa RA, Islam MR. The WHO has Declared COVID-19 is No Longer a Pandemic-Level Threat: A Perspective Evaluating Potential Public Health Impacts. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2024; 17:2632010X241228053. [PMID: 38264675 PMCID: PMC10804921 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x241228053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- ASM. Roknuzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rapty Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmunnahar
- Department of Sociology, Eden Women’s College, National University Bangladesh, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rana Al Mosharrafa
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Business Studies, Prime University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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7
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Ahmed I, Ether SA, Saha P, Jahan N, Rahman FI, Islam MR. Knowledge, attitude and practices towards SARS-CoV-2 genetic mutations and emerging variants among the population in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e073091. [PMID: 38030257 PMCID: PMC10689417 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus is continuously mutating and creating new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Public awareness about SARS-CoV-2 mutation is essential for effective preventive measures. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards SARS-CoV-2 variants among the general population in Bangladesh. DESIGN We conducted this online survey between 9 April 2021 and 10 May 2021 using structured questionnaires to collect the information. SETTING We distributed the survey link among the participants from all 64 districts of Bangladesh using social media platforms. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,090 respondents completed this survey. After careful evaluation, we excluded 18 responses due to partial or incomplete information, and 1,072 responses entered into the final analysis. PRIMARY OUTCOME The KAP of participants towards SARS-CoV-2 variants depends on their demographic backgrounds. Associations between demographic characteristics and the likelihood of having adequate KAP were estimated using adjusted logistic regressions. RESULTS Among the participants, 42% had a poor knowledge level, 4% had a low attitude level and 14% had a poor practice score. The average knowledge, attitude and practice score were 2.65, 4.194 and 4.464 on a scale of 5, respectively. Only 51.8% of the participants knew about mutant strains, and only 47.6% knew about the effectiveness of vaccines against new variants. The key factors associated with poor knowledge levels were educational levels, area of residence, geographic location, and concern regarding COVID-19. Sociodemographic factors for poor attitude levels were geographic location, vaccination and concern regarding COVID-19. The pivotal factors in determining poor practice scores were the residence area of people and concern regarding COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The knowledge level and positive attitude are associated with better preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Based on these findings, we recommended several awareness programmes on SARS-CoV-2 mutations and variants for the rural population in Bangladesh to increase overall awareness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Afruz Ether
- Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Poushali Saha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Fahad Imtiaz Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Wahid M, Jawed A, Mandal RK, Areeshi MY, El-Shall NA, Mohapatra RK, Tuli HS, Dhama K, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Haque S. Role of available COVID-19 vaccines in reducing deaths and perspective for next generation vaccines and therapies to counter emerging viral variants: an update. Minerva Med 2023; 114:683-697. [PMID: 37293890 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.23.08509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 disease wreaked havoc all over the world causing more than 6 million deaths out of over 519 million confirmed cases. It not only disturbed the human race health-wise but also caused huge economic losses and social disturbances. The utmost urgency to counter pandemic was to develop effective vaccines as well as treatments that could reduce the incidences of infection, hospitalization and deaths. The most known vaccines that could help in managing these parameters are Oxford-AstraZeneca (AZD1222), Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), Moderna (mRNA-1273) and Johnson & Johnson (Ad26.COV2.S). The effectiveness of AZD1222 vaccine in reducing deaths is 88% in the age group 40-59 years, touching 100% in the age group 16-44 years & 65-84 years. BNT162b2 vaccine also did well in reducing deaths due to COVID-19 (95% in the age group 40-49 years and 100% in the age group 16-44 years. Similarly, mRNA-1273 vaccine showed potential in reducing COVID-19 deaths with effectiveness ranging from 80.3 to 100% depending upon age group of the vaccinated individuals. Ad26.COV2.S vaccine was also 100% effective in reducing COVID-19 deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants have emphasized the need of booster vaccine doses to enhance protective immunity in vaccinated individuals. Additionally, therapeutic effectiveness of Molnupiravir, Paxlovid and Evusheld are also providing resistance against the spread of COVID-19 disease as well as may be effective against emerging variants. This review highlights the progress in developing COVID-19 vaccines, their protective efficacies, advances being made to design more efficacious vaccines, and presents an overview on advancements in developing potent drugs and monoclonal antibodies for countering COVID-19 and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 including the most recently emerged and highly mutated Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju K Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Y Areeshi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed A El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Egypt
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar, India
| | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy -
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (CNR), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, University of Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Chrysostomou AC, Vrancken B, Haralambous C, Alexandrou M, Gregoriou I, Ioannides M, Ioannou C, Kalakouta O, Karagiannis C, Marcou M, Masia C, Mendris M, Papastergiou P, Patsalis PC, Pieridou D, Shammas C, Stylianou DC, Zinieri B, Lemey P, Network TCOMESSAR, Kostrikis LG. Unraveling the Dynamics of Omicron (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5) Waves and Emergence of the Deltacton Variant: Genomic Epidemiology of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic in Cyprus (Oct 2021-Oct 2022). Viruses 2023; 15:1933. [PMID: 37766339 PMCID: PMC10535466 DOI: 10.3390/v15091933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Commencing in December 2019 with the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), three years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have transpired. The virus has consistently demonstrated a tendency for evolutionary adaptation, resulting in mutations that impact both immune evasion and transmissibility. This ongoing process has led to successive waves of infections. This study offers a comprehensive assessment spanning genetic, phylogenetic, phylodynamic, and phylogeographic dimensions, focused on the trajectory of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Cyprus. Based on a dataset comprising 4700 viral genomic sequences obtained from affected individuals between October 2021 and October 2022, our analysis is presented. Over this timeframe, a total of 167 distinct lineages and sublineages emerged, including variants such as Delta and Omicron (1, 2, and 5). Notably, during the fifth wave of infections, Omicron subvariants 1 and 2 gained prominence, followed by the ascendancy of Omicron 5 in the subsequent sixth wave. Additionally, during the fifth wave (December 2021-January 2022), a unique set of Delta sequences with genetic mutations associated with Omicron variant 1, dubbed "Deltacron", was identified. The emergence of this phenomenon initially evoked skepticism, characterized by concerns primarily centered around contamination or coinfection as plausible etiological contributors. These hypotheses were predominantly disseminated through unsubstantiated assertions within the realms of social and mass media, lacking concurrent scientific evidence to validate their claims. Nevertheless, the exhaustive molecular analyses presented in this study have demonstrated that such occurrences would likely lead to a frameshift mutation-a genetic aberration conspicuously absent in our provided sequences. This substantiates the accuracy of our initial assertion while refuting contamination or coinfection as potential etiologies. Comparable observations on a global scale dispelled doubt, eventually leading to the recognition of Delta-Omicron variants by the scientific community and their subsequent monitoring by the World Health Organization (WHO). As our investigation delved deeper into the intricate dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Cyprus, a discernible pattern emerged, highlighting the major role of international connections in shaping the virus's local trajectory. Notably, the United States and the United Kingdom were the central conduits governing the entry and exit of the virus to and from Cyprus. Moreover, notable migratory routes included nations such as Greece, South Korea, France, Germany, Brazil, Spain, Australia, Denmark, Sweden, and Italy. These empirical findings underscore that the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within Cyprus was markedly influenced by the influx of new, highly transmissible variants, triggering successive waves of infection. This investigation elucidates the emergence of new waves of infection subsequent to the advent of highly contagious and transmissible viral variants, notably characterized by an abundance of mutations localized within the spike protein. Notably, this discovery decisively contradicts the hitherto hypothesis of seasonal fluctuations in the virus's epidemiological dynamics. This study emphasizes the importance of meticulously examining molecular genetics alongside virus migration patterns within a specific region. Past experiences also emphasize the substantial evolutionary potential of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, underscoring the need for sustained vigilance. However, as the pandemic's dynamics continue to evolve, a balanced approach between caution and resilience becomes paramount. This ethos encourages an approach founded on informed prudence and self-preservation, guided by public health authorities, rather than enduring apprehension. Such an approach empowers societies to adapt and progress, fostering a poised confidence rooted in well-founded adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bram Vrancken
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Christos Haralambous
- Unit for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, 1148 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Alexandrou
- Microbiology Department, Larnaca General Hospital, 6301 Larnaca, Cyprus
| | - Ioanna Gregoriou
- Unit for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, 1148 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Costakis Ioannou
- Medical Laboratory of Ammochostos General Hospital, Ammochostos General Hospital, 5310 Paralimni, Cyprus
| | - Olga Kalakouta
- Unit for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, 1148 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Markella Marcou
- Department of Microbiology, Archbishop Makarios III Hospital, 2012 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christina Masia
- Medical Laboratory of Ammochostos General Hospital, Ammochostos General Hospital, 5310 Paralimni, Cyprus
| | - Michail Mendris
- Microbiology Department, Limassol General Hospital, 4131 Limassol, Cyprus
| | | | - Philippos C. Patsalis
- Medicover Genetics, 2409 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Medical School, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Despo Pieridou
- Microbiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, 2029 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos Shammas
- S.C.I.N.A. Bioanalysis Sciomedical Centre Ltd., 4040 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Dora C. Stylianou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Barbara Zinieri
- Microbiology Department, Paphos General Hospital, Achepans, 8026 Paphos, Cyprus
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Leondios G. Kostrikis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Aglantzia, 2109 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Cyprus Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts, 60-68 Phaneromenis Street, 1011 Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Hamad A, Elgaali M, Ghonimi T, Elshirbeny M, Ali M, Ibrahim R, Othman M, Abuhelaiqa E, Ezzat H, Boubaker K, Alkadi M, Al-Malki H. From past to present: Exploring COVID-19 in Qatar's hemodialysis population across Omicron dominant and pre-Omicron periods. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291266. [PMID: 37708230 PMCID: PMC10501587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have been identified since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aimed to compare the incidence and outcomes of the COVID-19 Omicron dominant period versus other pre-Omicron period in hemodialysis patients. In this observational, analytical, retrospective, nationwide study, we reviewed adult chronic hemodialysis patients between March 1, 2020, and January 31, 2022. Four hundred twenty-one patients had COVID-19 during the study period. The incidence of COVID-19 due to the Omicron dominant period was significantly higher than other pre-Omicron period (30.3% vs. 18.7%, P<0.001). In contrast, the admission rate to ICU was significantly lower in the Omicron dominant period than in the pre-Omicron period (2.8% vs. 25%, P<0001) but with no significant difference in ICU length of stay. The mortality rate was lower in the Omicron dominant period compared to the pre-Omicron period (2.4% vs. 15.5%, P<0.001). Using multivariate analysis, older age [OR 1.093 (95% CI 1.044-1.145); P<0.0001] and need for mechanical ventilation [OR 70.4 (95% CI 20.39-243.1); P<0.0001] were identified as two independent risk factors for death in hemodialysis patients with COVID-19. In Conclusion, the COVID-19 Omicron variant had a higher incidence and lower morbidity and mortality than pre-Omicron period in our hemodialysis population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Hamad
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Musab Elgaali
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tarek Ghonimi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mostafa Elshirbeny
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rania Ibrahim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muftah Othman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Essa Abuhelaiqa
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hany Ezzat
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karima Boubaker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad Alkadi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Malki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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11
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Liu M, Liang Z, Cheng ZJ, Liu L, Liu Q, Mai Y, Chen H, Lei B, Yu S, Chen H, Zheng P, Sun B. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody therapies: Recent advances and future challenges. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2464. [PMID: 37322826 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unparalleled global public health crisis. Despite concerted research endeavours, the repertoire of effective treatment options remains limited. However, neutralising-antibody-based therapies hold promise across an array of practices, encompassing the prophylaxis and management of acute infectious diseases. Presently, numerous investigations into COVID-19-neutralising antibodies are underway around the world, with some studies reaching clinical application stages. The advent of COVID-19-neutralising antibodies signifies the dawn of an innovative and promising strategy for treatment against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Comprehensively, our objective is to amalgamate contemporary understanding concerning antibodies targeting various regions, including receptor-binding domain (RBD), non-RBD, host cell targets, and cross-neutralising antibodies. Furthermore, we critically examine the prevailing scientific literature supporting neutralising antibody-based interventions, and also delve into the functional evaluation of antibodies, with a particular focus on in vitro (vivo) assays. Lastly, we identify and consider several pertinent challenges inherent to the realm of COVID-19-neutralising antibody-based treatments, offering insights into potential future directions for research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiman Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangkai J Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyin Mai
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Baoying Lei
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangwei Yu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Sarker R, Roknuzzaman ASM, Nazmunnahar, Shahriar M, Hossain MJ, Islam MR. The WHO has declared the end of pandemic phase of COVID-19: Way to come back in the normal life. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1544. [PMID: 37674622 PMCID: PMC10478644 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in significant global mortality and morbidity affecting millions of lives. As healthcare authorities worldwide are still paying substantial attention to COVID-19, other diseases continue to cause more deaths than COVID-19. The decreasing number of COVID-19 cases and deaths indicates that the pandemic is close to the end. For effective pandemic management, healthcare facilities worldwide have established COVID-19 units and testing facilities, instituting infection prevention and control measures, and employing telehealth services. Healthcare professionals have identified some promising treatments for COVID-19; also, mass vaccinations have improved patient outcomes. Instead of COVID-19 as a pandemic, it is time to pay more attention to other diseases to lessen their impact on public health. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the end of the pandemic phase of COVID-19 considering the current COVID-19 situation and our preparedness, past pandemic experience, and long pandemic impact on social and economic life on May 5, 2023. In this article, we briefly discussed the present challenges due to COVID-19, necessary precautions, and future directions to return to life as before COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapty Sarker
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Nazmunnahar
- Department of Sociology, Eden Women's CollegeNational University BangladeshGazipurBangladesh
| | | | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
- School of PharmacyBRAC UniversityDhakaBangladesh
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13
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Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya M, Dhama K, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Can the RBD mutation R346X provide an additional fitness to the "variant soup," including offspring of BQ and XBB of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron for the antibody resistance? MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:61-63. [PMID: 36938362 PMCID: PMC10015894 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Chatterjee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, Odisha 756020, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
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14
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Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya M, Dhama K, Lee SS, Chakraborty C. Resistance to nirmatrelvir due to mutations in the Mpro in the subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Another concern? MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:263-266. [PMID: 37041859 PMCID: PMC10078092 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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15
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Agyapon-Ntra K, McSharry PE. A global analysis of the effectiveness of policy responses to COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5629. [PMID: 37024541 PMCID: PMC10078072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Governments implemented many non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to suppress the spread of COVID-19 with varying results. In this paper, country-level daily time series from Our World in Data facilitates a global analysis of the propagation of the virus, policy responses and human mobility patterns. High death counts and mortality ratios influence policy compliance levels. Evidence of long-term fatigue was found with compliance dropping from over 85% in the first half of 2020 to less than 40% at the start of 2021, driven by factors such as economic necessity and optimism coinciding with vaccine effectiveness. NPIs ranged from facial coverings to restrictions on mobility, and these are compared using an empirical assessment of their impact on the growth rate of case numbers. Masks are the most cost-effective NPI currently available, delivering four times more impact than school closures, and approximately double that of other mobility restrictions. Gathering restrictions were the second most effective. International travel controls and public information campaigns had negligible effects. Literacy rates and income support played key roles in maintaining compliance. A 10% increase in literacy rate was associated with a 3.2% increase in compliance, while income support of greater than half of previous earnings increased compliance by 4.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick E McSharry
- Carnegie Mellon University Africa, Kigali, Rwanda.
- African Centre of Excellence in Data Science, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
- Oxford MAN Institute of Quantitative Finance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Singh JK, Anand S, Srivastava SK. Is BF.7 more infectious than other Omicron subtypes: Insights from structural and simulation studies of BF.7 spike RBD variant. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124154. [PMID: 36965551 PMCID: PMC10036297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Fear of a fresh infection wave and a global health issue in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have been rekindled by the appearance of two new novel variants BF.7 and BA.4/5 of Omicron lineages. Predictions of increased antibody evasion capabilities and transmissibility have been recognised in addition to the existing lineages (BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1 and BA.3) as cause for worry. In comparison to Omicron, BA.4 and BF.7 share nine mutations in the spike protein, Leu371Phe, Thr376Ala, Asp405Asn, Arg408Ser, Ser446Gly, Leu452Arg, Phe486Val, Arg493Gln, Ser496Gly, whereas BF.7 contains an additional mutation, Arg346Thr, in the receptor binding domain (RBD) region. Due to the critical need for analysis and data on the BA.4 and BF.7 variants, we have computationally analyzed the interaction pattern between the Omicron, BA.4 and BF.7 RBD and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to determine the influence of these unique mutations on the structures, functions, and binding affinity of RBD towards ACE2. These analyses also allow to compare molecular models to previously reported data to evaluate the robustness of our methods for quick prediction of emerging future variants. The docking results reveal that BA.4 and BF.7 have particularly strong interactions with ACE2 when compared to Omicron, as shown by several parameters such as salt bridge, hydrogen bond, and non-bonded interactions. In addition, the estimations of binding free energy corroborated the findings further. BA.4 and BF.7 were found to bind to ACE2 with similar affinities (-72.14 and - 71.54 kcal/mol, respectively) and slightly stronger than Omicron (-70.04 kcal/mol). The differences in the binding pattern between the Omicron, BA.4 and BF.7 variant complexes indicated that the BA.4 and BF.7 RBD substitutions Asp405Asn, Ser446Gly, Leu452Arg, Phe486Val and Arg493Gln caused additional interactions with ACE2. In addition, normal mode analyses also indicate more stable conformations of BA.4 and BF.7 RBDs against human ACE2. Based on these structural and simulation analyses, we hypothesized that these changes may affect the binding affinity of BA.4 and BF.7 with ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaikee Kumar Singh
- Structural Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Shashi Anand
- Structural Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Srivastava
- Structural Biology & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Dehmi Kalan, Off Jaipur-Ajmer Expressway, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India.
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17
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Liu M, Gan H, Liang Z, Liu L, Liu Q, Mai Y, Chen H, Lei B, Yu S, Chen H, Zheng P, Sun B. Review of therapeutic mechanisms and applications based on SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1122868. [PMID: 37007494 PMCID: PMC10060843 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic is a global public health emergency. Despite extensive research, there are still few effective treatment options available today. Neutralizing-antibody-based treatments offer a broad range of applications, including the prevention and treatment of acute infectious diseases. Hundreds of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody studies are currently underway around the world, with some already in clinical applications. The development of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody opens up a new therapeutic option for COVID-19. We intend to review our current knowledge about antibodies targeting various regions (i.e., RBD regions, non-RBD regions, host cell targets, and cross-neutralizing antibodies), as well as the current scientific evidence for neutralizing-antibody-based treatments based on convalescent plasma therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies, and recombinant drugs. The functional evaluation of antibodies (i.e., in vitro or in vivo assays) is also discussed. Finally, some current issues in the field of neutralizing-antibody-based therapies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtao Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gan
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiman Liang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwen Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyin Mai
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Baoying Lei
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangwei Yu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyan Zheng
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Guo L, Zhao P, Jia Y, Li T, Huang L, Wang Z, Liu D, Hou Z, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Li H, Kong Y, Li J, Wang X, Rong M. Efficient inactivation of the contamination with pathogenic microorganisms by a combination of water spray and plasma-activated air. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130686. [PMID: 36610342 PMCID: PMC9796360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has lasted two and a half years and the infections caused by the viral contamination are still occurring. Developing efficient disinfection technology is crucial for the current epidemic or infectious diseases caused by other pathogenic microorganisms. Gas plasma can efficiently inactivate different microorganisms, therefore, in this study, a combination of water spray and plasma-activated air was established for the disinfection of pathogenic microorganisms. The combined treatment efficiently inactivated the Omicron-pseudovirus through caused the nitration modification of the spike proteins and also the pathogenic bacteria. The combined treatment was improved with a funnel-shaped nozzle to form a temporary relatively sealed environment for the treatment of the contaminated area. The improved device could efficiently inactivate the Omicron-pseudovirus and bacteria on the surface of different materials including quartz, metal, leather, plastic, and cardboard and the particle size of the water spray did not affect the inactivation effects. This study supplied a disinfection strategy based on plasma-activated air for the inactivation of contaminated pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Pengyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yikang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Tianhui Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Lingling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yizhen Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yu Kong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Juntang Li
- Research Centre for Occupation and Environment Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Medical Equipment, Key Laboratory of Biological Damage Effect and Protection, Luoyang 471031, PR China.
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
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19
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Mohapatra RK, Verma S, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Seidel V, Das SN, Behera A, Tuli HS, Sharma AK, Dhama K. The SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Variant and its Multiple Sub‐lineages: Transmissibility, Vaccine Development, Antiviral Drugs, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Strategies for Infection Control – a Review. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K. Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry Government College of Engineering Keonjhar 758002 Odisha India
| | - Sarika Verma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute Bhopal MP 462026 India
- Academy of council Scientific and Industrial Research - Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (AMPRI) Hoshangabad Road Bhopal (M.P) 462026 India
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences Karimnagar 505417 Telangana India
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry School of Applied Sciences Centurion University of Technology and Management Odisha India
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of Strathclyde Glasgow G4 0RE United Kingdom
| | - Subrata Narayan Das
- Department of Mining Engineering Government College of Engineering Keonjhar 758002 Odisha India
| | - Ajit Behera
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela 769008 India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology Maharishi MarkandeshwarEngineering College Maharishi MarkandeshwarDeemed to be University, Mullana Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Ashwani K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Government Digvijay (Autonomous) Post-Graduate College Rajnandgaon (C.G. India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Bareilly
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20
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Mizrahi Reuveni M, Kertes J, Shapiro Ben David S, Shahar A, Shamir-Stein N, Rosen K, Liran O, Bar-Yishay M, Adler L. Risk Stratification Model for Severe COVID-19 Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030767. [PMID: 36979745 PMCID: PMC10045652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Risk stratification models have been developed to identify patients that are at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and severe illness. Objectives To develop and implement a scoring tool to identify COVID-19 patients that are at risk for severe illness during the Omicron wave. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted in Israel’s second-largest healthcare maintenance organization. All patients with a new episode of COVID-19 between 26 November 2021 and 18 January 2022 were included. A model was developed to predict severe illness (COVID-19-related hospitalization or death) based on one-third of the study population (the train group). The model was then applied to the remaining two-thirds of the study population (the test group). Risk score sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value rates, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were calculated to describe the performance of the model. Results: A total of 409,693 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 over the two-month study period, of which 0.4% had severe illness. Factors that were associated with severe disease were age (age > 75, OR-70.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 42.8–115.9), immunosuppression (OR-4.8, 95% CI 3.4–6.7), and pregnancy (5 months or more, OR-82.9, 95% CI 53–129.6). Factors that were associated with a reduced risk for severe disease were vaccination status (patients vaccinated in the previous six months OR-0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.8) and a prior episode of COVID-19 (OR-0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.5). According to the model, patients who were in the 10th percentile of the risk severity score were considered at an increased risk for severe disease. The model accuracy was 88.7%. Conclusions: This model has allowed us to prioritize patients requiring closer follow-up by their physicians and outreach services, as well as identify those that are most likely to benefit from anti-viral treatment during the fifth wave of infection in Israel, dominated by the Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Kertes
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel
| | - Shirley Shapiro Ben David
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Arnon Shahar
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel
| | | | - Keren Rosen
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel
| | - Ori Liran
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel
| | - Mattan Bar-Yishay
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel
| | - Limor Adler
- Health Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv 6812509, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
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21
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Nazmunnahar, Ahmed I, Islam MR. Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies for newly detected SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BF.7 subvariant: A brief report. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1127. [PMID: 36875932 PMCID: PMC9981880 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are always going on. The pathogenic characteristics of a virus are influenced by mutations in the viral genome. Therefore, the recently identified Omicron BF.7 subvariant might harm humans. Here we aimed to evaluate the potential risks of this newly detected variant and identify possible mitigation strategies. The frequent mutation associated with SARS-CoV-2 makes it more concerning compared to other viruses. The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has unique changes in the structural amino acid. Thus, Omicron subvariants are different from other coronavirus variants in terms of viral spread, disease severity, vaccine neutralization capacity, and immunity evade. Moreover, Omicron subvariant BF.7 is an offspring of BA.4 and BA.5. Similar S glycoprotein sequences are present among BF.7, BA.4, and BA.5. There is a change in the R346T gene in the receptor binding site of Omicron BF.7 than other Omicron subvariants. This BF.7 subvariant has created a limitation in current monoclonal antibody therapy. Omicron has mutated since it emerged, and the subvariants are improving in terms of transmission as well as antibody evasion. Therefore, the healthcare authorities should pay attention to the BF.7 subvariant of Omicron. The recent upsurge may create havoc all of a sudden. Scientists and researchers across the world should monitor the nature and mutations of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Also, they should find ways to fight the current circulatory variants and any future mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmunnahar
- Department of Sociology, Eden Women's College National University Bangladesh Gazipur Bangladesh
| | - Iftekhar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Dhaka Bangladesh
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22
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Evaluating Data Sharing of SARS-CoV-2 Genomes for Molecular Epidemiology across the COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020560. [PMID: 36851774 PMCID: PMC9959893 DOI: 10.3390/v15020560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019, caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the disease spread dramatically worldwide. The use of genomics to trace the dissemination of the virus and the identification of novel variants was essential in defining measures for containing the disease. We aim to evaluate the global effort to genomically characterize the circulating lineages of SARS-CoV-2, considering the data deposited in GISAID, the major platform for data sharing in a massive worldwide collaborative undertaking. We contextualize data for nearly three years (January 2020-October 2022) for the major contributing countries, percentage of characterized isolates and time for data processing in the context of the global pandemic. Within this collaborative effort, we also evaluated the early detection of seven major SARS-CoV-2 lineages, G, GR, GH, GK, GV, GRY and GRA. While Europe and the USA, following an initial period, showed positive results across time in terms of cases sequenced and time for data deposition, this effort is heterogeneous worldwide. Given the current immunization the major threat is the appearance of variants that evade the acquired immunity. In that scenario, the monitoring of those hypothetical variants will still play an essential role.
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Akif A, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. SARS-COV-2 Omicron subvariant BF.7 is again triggering the Covid fear: What we need to know and what we should do? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28551. [PMID: 36734060 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Akif
- University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Wang F, Xie J, Xiong H, Xie Y. A bibliometric analysis of inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19 researches. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1039782. [PMID: 36794064 PMCID: PMC9922853 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1039782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often require immunosuppressive therapy and are hence susceptible to various opportunistic viral and bacterial infections. In this regard, many studies on IBD and COVID-19 have been conducted. However, no bibliometric analysis has been performed. This study provides a general overview of IBD and COVID-19. Methods Publications about IBD and COVID-19 from 2020 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and HistCite. Results A total of 396 publications were retrieved and considered in this study. The maximum number of publications were from the United States, Italy, and England, and the contributions of these countries were significant. Kappelman ranked first in article citations. The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases were the most prolific affiliation and journal, respectively. The most influential research topics were "management", "impact", "vaccination", and "receptor". The following keywords represented research frontiers: "depression", "the quality of life of IBD patients", "infliximab", "COVID-19 vaccine", and "second vaccination". Conclusions Over the past 3 years, most studies on IBD and COVID-19 have focused on clinical research. In particular, topics such as "depression", "the quality of life of IBD patients", "infliximab", "COVID-19 vaccine", and "second vaccination" were noted to have received much attention recently. Future research should focus on our understanding of the immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in biologically treated patients, the psychological impact of COVID-19, IBD management guidelines, and the long-term impact of COVID-19 in IBD patients. This study will provide researchers with a better understanding of research trends on IBD during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Digestive Disease Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinliang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Digestive Disease Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huifang Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Digestive Disease Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Gastroenterology Institute of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,Digestive Disease Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China,*Correspondence: Yong Xie ✉
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Chatterjee S, Bhattacharya M, Nag S, Dhama K, Chakraborty C. A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies. Viruses 2023; 15:167. [PMID: 36680207 PMCID: PMC9866114 DOI: 10.3390/v15010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all the previously emerged variants. The numerous mutations in Omicron's viral genome and its sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of viral fitness, owing to the alteration of the transmission and pathophysiology of the virus. With a rapid change to the viral structure, Omicron and its sub-variants, namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5, dominate the community with an ability to escape the neutralization efficiency induced by prior vaccination or infections. Similarly, several recombinant sub-variants of Omicron, namely XBB, XBD, and XBF, etc., have emerged, which a better understanding. This review mainly entails the changes to Omicron and its sub-lineages due to it having a higher number of mutations. The binding affinity, cellular entry, disease severity, infection rates, and most importantly, the immune evading potential of them are discussed in this review. A comparative analysis of the Delta variant and the other dominating variants that evolved before Omicron gives the readers an in-depth understanding of the landscape of Omicron's transmission and infection. Furthermore, this review discusses the range of neutralization abilities possessed by several approved antiviral therapeutic molecules and neutralizing antibodies which are functional against Omicron and its sub-variants. The rapid evolution of the sub-variants is causing infections, but the broader aspect of their transmission and neutralization has not been explored. Thus, the scientific community should adopt an elucidative approach to obtain a clear idea about the recently emerged sub-variants, including the recombinant variants, so that effective neutralization with vaccines and drugs can be achieved. This, in turn, will lead to a drop in the number of cases and, finally, an end to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India
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Indian Biosimilars and Vaccines at Crossroads-Replicating the Success of Pharmagenerics. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010110. [PMID: 36679955 PMCID: PMC9865573 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global pharma sector is fast shifting from generics to biologics and biosimilars with the first approval in Europe in 2006 followed by US approval in 2015. In the form of Hepatitis B vaccine, India saw its first recombinant biologics approval in 2000. Around 20% of generic medications and 62% of vaccines are now supplied by the Indian pharmaceutical industry. It is this good position in biologics and biosimilars production that could potentially improve healthcare via decreased treatment cost. India has witnessed large investments in biosimilars over the years. Numerous India-bred new players, e.g., Enzene Biosciences Ltd., are keen on biosimilars and have joined the race alongside the emerging giants, e.g., Biocon and Dr. Reddy's. A very positive sign was the remarkable disposition during the COVID-19 pandemic by Bharat Biotech and the Serum Institute of India. India's biopharmaceutical industry has been instrumental in producing and supplying preventives and therapeutics to fight COVID-19. Despite a weak supply chain and workforce pressure, the production was augmented to provide reasonably priced high-quality medications to more than 133 nations. Biosimilars could cost-effectively treat chronic diseases involving expensive conventional therapies, including diabetes, respiratory ailments, cancer, and connective tissue diseases. Biologics and biosimilars have been and are being tested to treat and manage COVID-19 symptoms characterized by inflammation and respiratory distress. PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although India boasts many universities, research centers, and a relatively skilled workforce, its global University-Industry collaboration ranking is 24, IPR ranking remains 47 and innovation ranking 39. This reveals a wide industry-academia gap to bridge. There are gaps in effective translational research in India that must be promptly and appropriately addressed. Innovation demands strong and effective collaborations among universities, techno-incubators, and industries. METHODOLOGY Many successful research findings in academia do not get translation opportunities supposedly due to low industrial collaboration, low IP knowledge, and publication pressure with stringent timelines. In light of this, a detailed review of literature, including policy papers, government initiatives, and corporate reviews, was carried out, and the compilation and synthesis of the secondary data were meticulously summarized for the easy comprehension of the facts and roadmap ahead. For easy comprehension, charts, figures, and compiled tables are presented. RESULTS This review assesses India's situation in the biosimilar space, the gaps and areas to improve for Indian investment strategies, development, and innovation, addressing need for a more skilled workforce, industrial collaboration, and business models. CONCLUSIONS This review also proposes forward an approach to empowering technopreneurs to develop MSMEs for large-scale operations to support India in taking innovative thoughts to the global level to ultimately realize a self-reliant India. The limitations of the compilation are also highlighted towards the end.
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Islam MR, Asaduzzaman M, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA. The spreading of monkeypox in nonendemic countries has created panic across the world: Could it be another threat? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e27919. [PMID: 35672908 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asaduzzaman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Sohan M, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Recent outbreak of Marburg virus disease: Could it be a threat for global public health? Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e971. [DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Farmgate, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Farmgate, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific Farmgate, Dhaka Bangladesh
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Haque MA, Tanbir M, Ahamed B, Hossain MJ, Roy A, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Comparative Performance Evaluation of Personal Protective Measures and Antiviral Agents Against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Narrative Review. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231161222. [PMID: 36938514 PMCID: PMC10014419 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231161222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Scientists identified SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China. Soon after its identification, Covid-19 spreads almost everywhere. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Covid-19 outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Countries are facing multiple waves due to the different variants of the coronavirus. Personal preventive measures, vaccines, and antiviral drugs are the approaches to control Covid-19. However, these approaches are being implemented in different countries at different levels because of the availability of personal protective measures and antiviral agents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of practicing measures to fight the Covid-19 pandemic. Here we searched relevant literature from PubMed and Scopus using the keywords such as personal protective measures, antiviral agents, and vaccine effectiveness. According to the present findings, protective measures were found comparatively less effective. Nevertheless, these measures can be used to limit the spreading of Covid-19. Antiviral agents can reduce the hospitalization rate and are more effective than personal protective measures. The most effective strategy against Covid-19 is early vaccination or multiple vaccination dose. The respective authorities should ensure equal distribution of vaccines, free availability of antiviral drugs, and personal protective measure in poor and developing countries. We recommend more studies to describe the effectiveness of practicing preventive measures and antiviral agents against recent variants of the coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanbir
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bulbul Ahamed
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Md Rabiul Islam, Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka1205, Bangladesh.
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Khan MR, Hossain MJ, Roy A, Islam MR. Decreasing trend of monkeypox cases in Europe and America shows hope for the world: Evidence from the latest epidemiological data. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e1030. [PMID: 36620508 PMCID: PMC9798990 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Robin Khan
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & TechnologySharda UniversityGreater NoidaIndia
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Mohapatra RK, Mahal A, Kutikuppala LVS, Pal M, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Obaidullah AJ, Mishra S. Renewed global threat by the novel SARS-CoV-2 variants ‘XBB, BF.7, BQ.1, BA.2.75, BA.4.6’: A discussion. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.1077155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Islam MR, Tushar MI, Tultul PS, Akter R, Sohan M, Anjum R, Roy A, Hossain MJ, Rahman MA, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA. Problematic internet use and depressive symptoms among the school-going adolescents in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study findings. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e1008. [PMID: 36579157 PMCID: PMC9774086 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Problematic internet use (PIU) by children and adolescents is a concern for many parents. Several factors, including students' education level, the method of instruction, the dependence on the internet, and their intended use of the internet, could all be contributing factors to PIU and depression. Disturbed mental health may be attributed to the cancellation of physical education classes because of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to assess the association of COVID-19 pandemic with PIU and depressive symptoms in adolescent students. Methods We performed this cross-sectional study among 491 school-going adolescents of 10 to 16 years. Self-administered questionnaires were applied to collect sociodemographic information and the internet usage pattern of the participants. We measured the prevalence of PIU and depressive symptoms using the PIU questionnaire (PIUQ-SF-6) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results The estimations of the risk group for PIU and depressive symptoms among school-going adolescents were 80.04% and 77.80%, respectively. The latent profiling of PIU scores for obsession, neglect, and control sub-groups were 5.82, 6.12, and 6.35, respectively. Moreover, we observed mild, moderate, and severe depressive symptoms in 48.68%, 27.70%, and 1.43% of cases. Age, education level, medium of education, financial impression, internet connection, the device used, the purpose for internet use, and the living status of respondents were significantly associated with the PIU. Reported mental health issues was associated with education level, medium of education, financial impression, and internet connection. Conclusion The present study revealed an association of PIU and depressive symptoms with sociodemographic factors and internet usage patterns. Therefore, these results might have practical implications in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy. The healthcare professional can develop a context-specific comprehensive clinical intervention plan for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Ismail Tushar
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth South UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - Rabeya Akter
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Ramisa Anjum
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & TechnologySharda UniversityGreater NoidaIndia
| | | | - Md. Ashrafur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of PharmacyTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTexasUSA
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
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Wang L, Li Z. Smart Nanostructured Materials for SARS-CoV-2 and Variants Prevention, Biosensing and Vaccination. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1129. [PMID: 36551096 PMCID: PMC9775677 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised great concerns about human health globally. At the current stage, prevention and vaccination are still the most efficient ways to slow down the pandemic and to treat SARS-CoV-2 in various aspects. In this review, we summarize current progress and research activities in developing smart nanostructured materials for COVID-19 prevention, sensing, and vaccination. A few established concepts to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and the variants of concerns (VOCs) are firstly reviewed, which emphasizes the importance of smart nanostructures in cutting the virus spreading chains. In the second part, we focus our discussion on the development of stimuli-responsive nanostructures for high-performance biosensing and detection of SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs. The use of nanostructures in developing effective and reliable vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs will be introduced in the following section. In the conclusion, we summarize the current research focus on smart nanostructured materials for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. Some existing challenges are also provided, which need continuous efforts in creating smart nanostructured materials for coronavirus biosensing, treatment, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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Dewan SMR, Islam MR. Increasing reinfections and decreasing effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines urge the need for vaccine customization. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104961. [PMID: 36415679 PMCID: PMC9671613 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
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Mohapatra RK, El-Shall NA, Tiwari R, Nainu F, Kandi V, Sarangi AK, Mohammed TA, Desingu PA, Chakraborty C, Dhama K. Need of booster vaccine doses to counteract the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the context of the Omicron variant and increasing COVID-19 cases: An update. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2065824. [PMID: 35594528 PMCID: PMC9897647 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2065824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of different variants of SARS-CoV-2, including the Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant in November 2021, has resulted in a continuous major health concern at a global scale. Presently, the Omicron variant has spread very rapidly worldwide within a short time period. As the most mutated variant of SARS-CoV-2, Omicron has instilled serious uncertainties on the effectiveness of humoral adaptive immunity generated by COVID-19 vaccination or an active viral infection as well as the protection provided by antibody-based immunotherapies. Amidst such high public health concerns, the need to carry out booster vaccination has been emphasized. Current evidence reveals the importance of incorporating booster vaccination using several vaccine platforms, such as viral vector- and mRNA-based vaccines, as well as other platforms that are under explorative investigations. Further research is being conducted to assess the effectiveness and durability of protection provided by booster COVID-19 vaccination against Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Uttar Pradesh Pandit DeenDayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Venkataramana Kandi
- Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, India
| | - Ashish K. Sarangi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Balangir, India
| | | | | | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Natour N, Al-Tell M. Lifestyles of Palestinians during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221137625. [PMID: 36352738 PMCID: PMC9659694 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221137625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Although the COVID-19 epidemic was linked to movement limitations and a sense of risk among the general public, changes in lifestyle and mental health were not examined among Palestinians. The study aimed to investigate changes in a group of Palestinians' lifestyles and mental health. Methodology: A translated questionnaire about demographics, mental health difficulties, and lifestyle choices was created using Google Forms and distributed over social media and academic platforms. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data. Results: The participants' mean age was 25 9 years, 67% were women, and 47% were city dwellers. About 82% had a bachelor's degree. Infection with COVID-19 was present in 13% of study group, COVID-19 infection caused the death of a relative in 13% of study group, and commitment to limits was present in 14% of study group. Negative emotions like despair, hopelessness, and worry were extremely common. Despite eating a few fruits and vegetables and drinking a lot of soft beverages, study participants were generally active. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a negative impact on lifestyle and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Natour
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, An-Najah National
University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mariam Al-Tell
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, An-Najah National
University, Nablus, Palestine
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Islam MR, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA. The latest Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 lineages are frowning toward COVID-19 preventive measures: A threat to global public health. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e884. [PMID: 36254237 PMCID: PMC9561426 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificFarmgateDhakaBangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificFarmgateDhakaBangladesh
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Chakraborty C. Cases of BA.2.75 and recent BA.2.75.2 subvariant of Omicron are increasing in India: Is it alarming at the global level? Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 84:104963. [PMCID: PMC9671875 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Corresponding author. Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
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Farahat RA. Omicron B.1.1.529 subvariant: Brief evidence and future prospects. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 83:104808. [PMID: 36339920 PMCID: PMC9621621 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Rahman S, Hossain MJ, Nahar Z, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Subvariants: Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2022; 16:11786302221129396. [PMID: 36299441 PMCID: PMC9585367 DOI: 10.1177/11786302221129396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has become the most devastating pandemic of the 21st century since its appearance in December 2019. Like other RNA viruses, continuous mutation is common for coronavirus to create several variants and subvariants. The main reason behind this mutation and evolvement of SARS-CoV-2 was its structural spike (S) glycoprotein. Coronavirus has become a threat to global public health due to its high mutation capability and antibody neutralizing capacity. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are 5 major variants of concern (VOC) are Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). Recently, different Omicron subvariants have gained worldwide dominance, such as BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5. However, there is a discernible drop in this symptomatic sickness globally due to the success of numerous monoclonal antibodies and vaccinations. Here we also discussed the currently dominant Omicron subvariants and the effectiveness of antiviral agents and vaccines. Based on the available data and our knowledge, we can suggest that the global healthcare organizations can decide on the declaration of the end of the pandemic phase of COVID-19 soon; however, the covid-19 will continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaranika Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State
University of Bangladesh, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of
Asia Pacific, Farmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Li M, Peng H, Duan G, Wang J, Yu Z, Zhang Z, Wu L, Du M, Zhou S. Older age and depressive state are risk factors for re-positivity with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1014470. [PMID: 36268004 PMCID: PMC9576942 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1014470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The reinfection rate of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is high; thus, exploring the risk factors for reinfection is important for the effective control of the epidemic. This study aimed to explore the effects of psychological and sleep factors on re-positivity with Omicron. Methods Through a prospective cohort study, 933 adult patients diagnosed with Omicron BA.2.2 infection and testing negative after treatment were included for screening and follow-up. We collected data on patients' demographic characteristics, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron vaccination status, anxiety, depression, and sleep status. Patients underwent nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron for 30 days. Regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to determine the risk factors for re-positivity of Omicron. Results Ultimately, 683 patients were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that older age (P = 0.006) and depressive status (P = 0.006) were two independent risk factors for Omicron re-positivity. The odds ratios of re-positivity in patients aged ≥60 years and with a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ≥5 was 1.82 (95% confidence interval:1.18-2.78) and 2.22 (1.27-3.85), respectively. In addition, the time from infection to recovery was significantly longer in patients aged ≥60 years (17.2 ± 4.5 vs. 16.0 ± 4.4, P = 0.003) and in patients with PHQ-9≥5 (17.5 ± 4.2vs. 16.2 ± 4.5, P = 0.026). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that there was a significantly higher primary re-positivity rate in patients aged ≥60 years (P = 0.004) and PHQ-9 ≥ 5 (P = 0.007). Conclusion This study demonstrated that age of ≥60 years and depressive status were two independent risk factors for re-positivity with Omicron and that these factors could prolong the time from infection to recovery. Thus, it is necessary to pay particular attention to older adults and patients in a depressive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, People‘s Hospital of Linshui County, Guangan, China
| | - Huawen Peng
- People‘s Hospital of Linshui County, Guangan, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, People‘s Hospital of Linshui County, Guangan, China
| | - Zhiqing Yu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Linshui County, Guangan, China
| | - Zhongrong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, People‘s Hospital of Linshui County, Guangan, China
| | - Liping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, People‘s Hospital of Linshui County, Guangan, China
| | - Ming Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, People‘s Hospital of Linshui County, Guangan, China
| | - Shiji Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Shiji Zhou
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Valentina M, Alessandro CL, Francesca C, Silvia R, Eleonora L, Claudia C, Jessica P, Ilaria M, Serena V, Lavinia F, Alessandra V, Gaetano M, Fabrizio C, Simone L, Emanuela C, Eugenia M, Raffaella L, Pierluca P, Enrico G, AnnaRosa G, Francesco V, Fabrizio M, Emanuele N, Andrea A. Viral load decrease in SARS-CoV-2 BA.1 and BA.2 Omicron sublineages infection after treatment with monoclonal antibodies and direct antiviral agents. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28186. [PMID: 36184918 PMCID: PMC9539310 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy on the Omicron variant of the approved early coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) therapies, especially monoclonal antibodies, has been challenged by in vitro neutralization data, while data on in vivo antiviral activity are lacking. We assessed potential decrease from Day 1 to Day 7 viral load (VL) in nasopharyngeal swabs of outpatients receiving Sotrovimab, Molnupiravir, Remdesivir, or Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for mild-to-moderate COVID-19 due to sublineages BA.1 or BA.2, and average treatment effect by weighted marginal linear regression models. A total of 521 patients (378 BA.1 [73%], 143 [27%] BA.2) received treatments (Sotrovimab 202, Molnupiravir 117, Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir 84, and Remdesivir 118): median age 66 years, 90% vaccinated, median time from symptoms onset 3 days. Day 1 mean VL was 4.12 log2 (4.16 for BA.1 and 4.01 for BA.2). The adjusted analysis showed that Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir significantly reduced VL compared to all the other drugs, except versus Molnupiravir in BA.2. Molnupiravir was superior to Remdesivir in both BA.1 and BA.2, and to Sotrovimab in BA.2. Sotrovimab had better activity than Remdesivir only against BA.1. Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir showed the greatest antiviral activity against Omicron variant, comparable to Molnupiravir only in the BA.2 subgroup. VL decrease could be a valuable surrogate of drug activity in the context of the high prevalence of vaccinated people and low probability of hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazzotta Valentina
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly,PhD course in Microbiology, Immunology, Infectious Diseases, and Transplants (MIMIT)University of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Cozzi Lepri Alessandro
- Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME)Institute for Global HealthUCLLondonUK
| | - Colavita Francesca
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Rosati Silvia
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Lalle Eleonora
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Cimaglia Claudia
- Clinical Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Paulicelli Jessica
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Mastrorosa Ilaria
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Vita Serena
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Fabeni Lavinia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Vergori Alessandra
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Maffongelli Gaetano
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Carletti Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Lanini Simone
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Caraffa Emanuela
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Milozzi Eugenia
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Libertone Raffaella
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Piselli Pierluca
- Clinical Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Girardi Enrico
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Garbuglia AnnaRosa
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Vaia Francesco
- General Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Maggi Fabrizio
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Nicastri Emanuele
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Antinori Andrea
- Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCSRomeItaly
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Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Sharma AR, Dhama K, Agoramoorthy G. A comprehensive analysis of the mutational landscape of the newly emerging Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant and comparison of mutations with VOCs and VOIs. GeroScience 2022; 44:2393-2425. [PMID: 35989365 PMCID: PMC9393103 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant is spreading rapidly throughout several countries. Thus, we comprehensively analyzed Omicron's mutational landscape and compared mutations with VOC/VOI. We analyzed SNVs throughout the genome, and AA variants (NSP and SP) in VOC/VOI, including Omicron. We generated heat maps to illustrate the AA variants with high mutation prevalence (> 75% frequency) of Omicron, which demonstrated eight mutations with > 90% prevalence in ORF1a and 29 mutations with > 75% prevalence in S-glycoprotein. A scatter plot for Omicron and VOC/VOI's cluster evaluation was computed. We performed a risk analysis of the antibody-binding risk among four mutations (L452, F490, P681, D614) and observed three mutations (L452R, F490S, D614G) destabilized antibody interactions. Our comparative study evaluated the properties of 28 emerging mutations of the S-glycoprotein of Omicron, and the ΔΔG values. Our results showed K417N with minimum and Q954H with maximum ΔΔG value. Furthermore, six important RBD mutations (G339D, S371L, N440K, G446S, T478K, Q498R) were chosen for comprehensive analysis for stabilizing/destabilizing properties and molecular flexibility. The G339D, S371L, N440K, and T478K were noted as stable mutations with 0.019 kcal/mol, 0.127 kcal/mol, 0.064 kcal/mol, and 1.009 kcal/mol. While, G446S and Q498R mutations showed destabilizing results. Simultaneously, among six RBD mutations, G339D, G446S, and Q498R mutations increased the molecular flexibility of S-glycoprotein. This study depicts the comparative mutational pattern of Omicron and other VOC/VOI, which will help researchers to design and deploy novel vaccines and therapeutic antibodies to fight against VOC/VOI, including Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore, 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, 24252, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Nahar Z, Sohan M, Supti KF, Hossain MJ, Shahriar M, Bhuiyan MA, Islam MR. Prevalence and associated risk factors for mental health problems among female university students during COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study findings from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10890. [PMID: 36217458 PMCID: PMC9534543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously affected the physical and mental health of people at all levels worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and contributing factors for mental health problems among female university students in the urban area of Bangladesh. We conducted this online cross-sectional study among 451 female university students. Here we assessed the symptomatic prevalence of common mental health problems among the participants. The prevalence rate of loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among female university students in Bangladesh was 55.88%, 69.18%, and 45.23%, respectively. Also, we noticed that mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of loneliness, generalized anxiety, and depression were 36.90%, 40.48%, and 22.62%; 48.08%, 22.44%, and 29.48%; and 37.31%, 26.87%, and 35.52%; respectively. According to the present study results, marital status, financial condition, education level, and family structure (nuclear/joint) are potential contributing factors to mental health problems among female university students living in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted the academic performance and emotional well-being of students in Bangladesh. Also, the closure of university classes for a long time in Bangladesh was responsible for the poor mental health of students. Promoting good mental health has become a vital public health concern during this ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Female university students residing in urban areas in Bangladesh are more prone to developing mental health problems during any crisis. Therefore, the healthcare authorities of Bangladesh should promote the good mental health of students during and after the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Keeping in touch with students to support them psychologically and mentally during the pandemic is crucial for promoting their good mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Kaniz Farzana Supti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
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45
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Rana R, Kant R, Huirem RS, Bohra D, Ganguly NK. Omicron variant: Current insights and future directions. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127204. [PMID: 36152612 PMCID: PMC9482093 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 outbreak has returned with the identification of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) after appearing to be persistently spreading for the more than past two years. In comparison to prior SARS-CoV-2 variants, this new variant revealed a significant amount of mutation. This novel variety may have a greater rate of transmissibility which might impede the effectiveness of current diagnostic equipment as well as vaccination efficacy and also impede immunotherapies (Antibody / monoclonal antibody based). WHO designated B.1.1.529 as a variant of concern on November 26, 2021, identified as Omicron. The Omicron variant transmission method and severity, on the other hand, are well defined. The global spread of Omicron, which has now seized many nations, has resulted in numerous speculations regarding its origin and degree of infectivity. The following sections will go over its potential for transmission, omicron structure, and impact on COVID-19 vaccines, how it is different from delta variant and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India.
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
| | | | - Deepika Bohra
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India
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Zhang X, Si G, Lu H, Zhang W, Zheng S, Huang Z, Liu L, Xue Y, Zheng G. SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant clearance delayed in breakthrough cases with elevated fasting blood glucose. Virol J 2022; 19:148. [PMID: 36100916 PMCID: PMC9468532 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is a dominant variant worldwide. However, the risk factors for Omicron variant clearance are yet unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors for early viral clearance of Omicron variant in patients with a history of inactivated vaccine injection. Methods Demographic, clinical, and epidemiological data from 187 patients were collected retrospectively during the Omicron variant wave. Results 73/187 and 114/187 patients were administered two and three doses of vaccine, respectively. The median duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA positivity was 9 days, and the difference between patients with two and three vaccine injections was insignificant (P = 0.722). Fever was the most common symptom (125/187), and most patients (98.4%) had a fever for < 7 days. The RNA was undetectable in 65/187 patients on day 7. Univariable logistic analysis showed that baseline glucose, uric acid, lymphocytes count, platelet count, and CD4+ T lymphocyte count were associated with SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positivity on day 7. Multivariable analysis showed that glucose ≥ 6.1 mmol/L and CD4+T lymphocytes count were independent risk factors for RNA positivity on day 7. 163/187 patients had an undetectable RNA test on day 14, and uric acid was the only independent risk factor for RNA positivity. Moreover, baseline glucose was negatively correlated with uric acid and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell count, while uric acid was positively correlated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell count. Conclusions Omicron variant clearance was delayed in breakthrough cases with elevated fasting blood glucose, irrespective of the doses of inactivated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujun Zhang
- Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, No. 300 Lanling North Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Guocan Si
- Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, No. 300 Lanling North Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Huifen Lu
- Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, No. 300 Lanling North Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, No. 300 Lanling North Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Shuqin Zheng
- Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, No. 300 Lanling North Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Huang
- Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, No. 300 Lanling North Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longgen Liu
- Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, No. 300 Lanling North Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, No. 300 Lanling North Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China.
| | - Guojun Zheng
- Institute of Hepatology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, No. 300 Lanling North Road, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China. .,Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, China.
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SARS-CoV-2 infection: Pathogenesis, Immune Responses, Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has emerged as the most alarming infection of the present time instigated by the virus SARS-CoV-2. In spite of advanced research technologies, the exact pathophysiology and treatment of the condition still need to be explored. However, SARS-CoV-2 has several structural and functional similarities that resemble SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which may be beneficial in exploring the possible treatment and diagnostic strategies for SARS-CoV-2. This review discusses the pathogen phenotype, genotype, replication, pathophysiology, elicited immune response and emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 and their similarities with other similar viruses. SARS-CoV-2 infection is detected by a number of diagnostics techniques, their advantages and limitations are also discussed in detail. The review also focuses on nanotechnology-based easy and fast detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Various pathways which might play a vital role during SARS-CoV-2 infection have been elaborately discussed since immune response plays a major role during viral infections.
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Xu A, Hong B, Lou F, Wang S, Li W, Shafqat A, An X, Zhao Y, Song L, Tong Y, Fan H. Sub-lineages of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants: Characteristics and prevention. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e172. [PMID: 35992968 PMCID: PMC9380698 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) have emerged, accelerating the spread of the virus. Omicron was defined by the World Health Organization in November 2021 as the fifth "variant of concern" after Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. In recent months, Omicron has become the main epidemic strain. Studies have shown that Omicron carries more mutations than Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and wild-type, facilitating immune escape and accelerating its transmission. This review focuses on the Omicron variant's origin, transmission, main biological features, subvariants, mutations, immune escape, vaccination, and detection methods. We also discuss the appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures that should be taken to address the new challenges posed by the Omicron variant. This review is valuable to guide the surveillance, prevention, and development of vaccines and other therapies for Omicron variants. It is desirable to develop a more efficient vaccine against the Omicron variant and take more effective measures to constrain the spread of the epidemic and promote public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailan Xu
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi UniversityJiamusiChina
| | - Bixia Hong
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Fuxing Lou
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Shuqi Wang
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Wenye Li
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Amna Shafqat
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoping An
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Yunwei Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi UniversityJiamusiChina
| | - Lihua Song
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
| | - Huahao Fan
- College of Life Science and TechnologyBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina
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Islam MR, Nahar Z, Hossain MS, Hossain MJ, Shahriar M, Islam SMA, Bhuiyan MA. Prevalence and associated factors for elevated fear and depressive symptoms among the private service holders in Bangladesh during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e795. [PMID: 36032517 PMCID: PMC9399449 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The ongoing public health emergency has created incredible fear of getting the infection and a terrible psychological burden among all levels. The pandemic has severely affected private job holders' economic status and lifestyle factors in Bangladesh. Here we aimed to assess fear and depressive symptoms among private job holders in Bangladesh during the Covid-19 pandemic and associated risk factors. Methods We conducted this online cross-sectional survey between January 15, 2021, and March 15, 2021, among 510 private job holders aged above 18 years. We followed the convenience sampling method for data collection. We assessed sociodemographic factors and two psychometric parameters. We applied the Fear of Covid-19 Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess increased fear and depressive symptoms, respectively. Chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed for data analysis. Results The prevalence of increased fear and depressive symptoms were 86.27% and 42.16%, respectively. Factors associated with increased fear among private job holders during COVID-19 were economic class, obesity, on-time salary, company's downsizing policy, salary reduction, home office, and transportation facilities. However, depressive symptoms were associated with marital status, education level, residence area, the organizational practice of health safety rules, company performance, on-time salary, health insurance, downsizing, salary reduction policy, organization type, transportation, and mental health support at work. The present study also noticed some interrelations among the above factors with mental health issues. Conclusion Based on the present findings, we recommend actionable items to improve the mental health of private job holders in Bangladesh due to the ongoing pandemic. Authorities can develop mental health support programs and efficient Covid-19 response systems. The policymakers and regulatory bodies might take some initiatives to promote mental health in the private sector in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Sakhawat Hossain
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR)RajshahiBangladesh
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Chakraborty C, Bhattacharya M, Sharma AR, Mallik B. Omicron (B.1.1.529) - A new heavily mutated variant: Mapped location and probable properties of its mutations with an emphasis on S-glycoprotein. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:980-997. [PMID: 35952818 PMCID: PMC9359758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Omicron, another SARS-CoV-2 variant, has been recorded and reported as a VoC. It has already spread across >30 countries and is a highly mutated variant. We tried to understand the role of mutations in the investigated variants by comparison with previous characterized VoC. We have mapped the mutations in Omicron S-glycoprotein's secondary and tertiary structure landscape using bioinformatics tools and statistical software and developed different models. In addition, we analyzed the effect of diverse mutations in antibody binding regions of the S-glycoprotein on the binding affinity of the investigated antibodies. This study has chosen eight significant mutations in Omicron (D614G, E484A, N501Y, Q493K, K417N, S477N, Y505H G496S), and seven of them are located in the RBD region. We also performed a comparative analysis of the ΔΔG score of these mutations to understand the stabilizing or destabilizing properties of the investigated mutations. The analysis outcome shows that D614G, Q493K, and S477N mutations are stable mutations with ΔΔG scores of 0.351 kcal/mol, 0.470 kcal/mol, and 0.628 kcal/mol, respectively, according to DynaMut estimations. While other mutations (E484A, N501Y, K417N, Y505H, G496S) showed destabilizing results. The D614G, E484A, N501Y, K417N, Y505H, and G496S mutations increased the molecular flexibility of S-glycoprotein to interact with the ACE2 receptor, increasing the variant's infectivity. Our study will contribute to research on the SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron, by providing information on the mutational pattern and exciting properties of these eight significant mutations, such as antibody escape and infectivity quotient (stabilizing or destabilizing; increased or decreased molecular flexibility of S-glycoprotein to interact with the human ACE2 receptor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India.
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Zoology, Fakir Mohan University, Vyasa Vihar, Balasore 756020, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopaedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si 24252, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Bidyut Mallik
- Department of Applied Science, Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
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