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Myeong J, Stunault MI, Klyachko VA, Ashrafi G. Metabolic regulation of single synaptic vesicle exo- and endocytosis in hippocampal synapses. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114218. [PMID: 38758651 PMCID: PMC11221188 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose has long been considered a primary energy source for synaptic function. However, it remains unclear to what extent alternative fuels, such as lactate/pyruvate, contribute to powering synaptic transmission. By detecting individual release events in hippocampal synapses, we find that mitochondrial ATP production regulates basal vesicle release probability and release location within the active zone (AZ), evoked by single action potentials. Mitochondrial inhibition shifts vesicle release closer to the AZ center and alters the efficiency of vesicle retrieval by increasing the occurrence of ultrafast endocytosis. Furthermore, we uncover that terminals can use oxidative fuels to maintain the vesicle cycle during trains of activity. Mitochondria are sparsely distributed along hippocampal axons, and we find that terminals containing mitochondria display enhanced vesicle release and reuptake during high-frequency trains. Our findings suggest that mitochondria not only regulate several fundamental features of synaptic transmission but may also contribute to modulation of short-term synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marion I Stunault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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2
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Basu R, Preat T, Plaçais PY. Glial metabolism versatility regulates mushroom body-driven behavioral output in Drosophila. Learn Mem 2024; 31:a053823. [PMID: 38862167 PMCID: PMC11199944 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053823.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Providing metabolic support to neurons is now recognized as a major function of glial cells that is conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates. However, research in this field has focused for more than two decades on the relevance of lactate and glial glycolysis for neuronal energy metabolism, while overlooking many other facets of glial metabolism and their impact on neuronal physiology, circuit activity, and behavior. Here, we review recent work that has unveiled new features of glial metabolism, especially in Drosophila, in the modulation of behavioral traits involving the mushroom bodies (MBs). These recent findings reveal that spatially and biochemically distinct modes of glucose-derived neuronal fueling are implemented within the MB in a memory type-specific manner. In addition, cortex glia are endowed with several antioxidant functions, whereas astrocytes can serve as pro-oxidant agents that are beneficial to redox signaling underlying long-term memory. Finally, glial fatty acid oxidation seems to play a dual fail-safe role: first, as a mode of energy production upon glucose shortage, and, second, as a factor underlying the clearance of excessive oxidative load during sleep. Altogether, these integrated studies performed in Drosophila indicate that glial metabolism has a deterministic role on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Basu
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Preat
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Plaçais
- Energy & Memory, Brain Plasticity (UMR 8249), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Myeong J, Stunault MI, Klyachko VA, Ashrafi G. Metabolic Regulation of Single Synaptic Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis in Hippocampal Synapses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566236. [PMID: 37986894 PMCID: PMC10659320 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Glucose has long been considered a primary source of energy for synaptic function. However, it remains unclear under what conditions alternative fuels, such as lactate/pyruvate, contribute to powering synaptic transmission. By detecting individual release events in cultured hippocampal synapses, we found that mitochondrial ATP production from oxidation of lactate/pyruvate regulates basal vesicle release probability and release location within the active zone (AZ) evoked by single action potentials (APs). Mitochondrial inhibition shifted vesicle release closer to the AZ center, suggesting that the energetic barrier for vesicle release is lower in the AZ center that the periphery. Mitochondrial inhibition also altered the efficiency of single AP evoked vesicle retrieval by increasing occurrence of ultrafast endocytosis, while inhibition of glycolysis had no effect. Mitochondria are sparsely distributed along hippocampal axons and we found that nerve terminals containing mitochondria displayed enhanced vesicle release and reuptake during high-frequency trains, irrespective of whether neurons were supplied with glucose or lactate. Thus, synaptic terminals can entirely bypass glycolysis to robustly maintain the vesicle cycle using oxidative fuels in the absence of glucose. These observations further suggest that mitochondrial metabolic function not only regulates several fundamental features of synaptic transmission but may also contribute to modulation of short-term synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
| | - Marion I Stunault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
| | - Vitaly A Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63132, United States
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4
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Mitra S, Dash R, Nishan AA, Habiba SU, Moon IS. Brain modulation by the gut microbiota: From disease to therapy. J Adv Res 2023; 53:153-173. [PMID: 36496175 PMCID: PMC10658262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota (GM) and brain are strongly associated, which significantly affects neuronal development and disorders. GM-derived metabolites modulate neuronal function and influence many cascades in age-related neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Because of the dual role of GM in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration, understanding the balance between beneficial and harmful bacteria is crucial for applying this approach to clinical therapies. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review briefly discusses the role of the gut-brain relationship in promoting brain and cognitive function. Although a healthy gut environment is helpful for brain function, gut dysbiosis can disrupt the brain's environment and create a vicious cycle of degenerative cascades. The ways in which the GM population can affect brain function and the development of neurodegeneration are also discussed. In the treatment and management of NDDs, the beneficial effects of methods targeting GM populations and their derivatives, including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) are also highlighted. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF THE REVIEW In this review, we aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of the gut microbe-brain relationship and their twin roles in neurodegeneration progression and therapeutic applications. Here, we attempted to highlight the different pathways connecting the brain and gut, together with the role of GM in neuroprotection and neuronal development. Furthermore, potential roles of GM metabolites in the pathogenesis of brain disorders and in strategies for its treatment are also investigated. By analyzing existing in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies, this review attempts to identify new and promising therapeutic strategies for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. As the connection between the gut microbe-brain relationship and responses to NDD treatments is less studied, this review will provide new insights into the global mechanisms of GM modulation in disease progression, and identify potential future perspectives for developing new therapies to treat NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Amena Al Nishan
- Department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong 4203, Bangladesh
| | - Sarmin Ummey Habiba
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Jo D, Arjunan A, Choi S, Jung YS, Park J, Jo J, Kim OY, Song J. Oligonol ameliorates liver function and brain function in the 5 × FAD mouse model: transcriptional and cellular analysis. Food Funct 2023; 14:9650-9670. [PMID: 37843873 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03451h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and is accompanied by memory deficits, personality changes, anxiety, depression, and social difficulties. For treatment of AD, many researchers have attempted to find medicinal resources with high effectiveness and without side effects. Oligonol is a low molecular weight polypeptide derived from lychee fruit extract. We investigated the effects of oligonol in 5 × FAD transgenic AD mice, which developed severe amyloid pathology, through behavioral tests (Barnes maze, marble burying, and nestle shredding) and molecular experiments. Oligonol treatment attenuated blood glucose levels and increased the antioxidant response in the livers of 5 × FAD mice. Moreover, the behavioral score data showed improvements in anxiety, depressive behavior, and cognitive impairment following a 2-month course of orally administered oligonol. Oligonol treatment not only altered the circulating levels of cytokines and adipokines in 5 × FAD mice, but also significantly enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of antioxidant enzymes and synaptic plasticity in the brain cortex and hippocampus. Therefore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of oligonol to attenuate neuropsychiatric problems and improve memory deficits in the early stage of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Archana Arjunan
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seoyoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Seoyangro 264, Hwasun 58128, Republic of Korea
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6
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Igben VO, Iju WJ, Itivere OA, Oyem JC, Akpulu PS, Ahama EE. Datura metel stramonium exacerbates behavioral deficits, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampal neurotoxicity in mice via redox imbalance. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:15. [PMID: 37381025 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Datura metel (DM) stramonium is a medicinal plant often abused by Nigerians due to its psychostimulatory properties. Hallucinations, confusion, agitation, aggressiveness, anxiety, and restlessness are reported amongst DM users. Earlier studies suggest that DM induces neurotoxicity and affect brain physiology. However, the exact neurological effects of DM extract in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal morphology have not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that oral exposure to DM extract exerts a neurotoxic effect by increasing oxidative stress in the mPFC and the hippocampus and induces behavioral deficits in mice. RESULTS DM methanolic extract exposure significantly increased MDA and NO levels and reduced SOD, GSH, GPx and CAT activities in mice brains. In addition, our results showed that DM exposure produced cognitive deficits, anxiety, and depressive-like behaviour in mice following oral exposure for 28 days. Moreover, the mPFC and hippocampus showed neurodegenerative features, loss of dendritic and axonal arborization, a dose-dependent decrease in neuronal cell bodies' length, width, area, and perimeter, and a dose-dependent increase in the distance between neuronal cell bodies. CONCLUSIONS Oral exposure to DM in mice induces behavioural deficits, mPFC and hippocampal neuronal degenerations via redox imbalance in the brain of mice. These observations confirm the neurotoxicity of DM extracts and raises concerns on the safety and potential adverse effects of DM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilson Josiah Iju
- Department of Human Anatomy, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | | | - John Chukwuma Oyem
- Department of Human Anatomy, Novena University Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria
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7
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Potential of Capric Acid in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:697-712. [PMID: 36342577 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To solve the restrictions of a classical ketogenic diet, a modified medium-chain triglyceride diet was introduced which required only around 60% of dietary energy. Capric acid (CA), a small molecule, is one of the main components because its metabolic profile offers itself as an alternate source of energy to the brain in the form of ketone bodies. This is possible with the combined capability of CA to cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve a concentration of 50% concentration in the brain more than any other fatty acid in plasma. Natural sources of CA include vegetable oils such as palm oil and coconut oil, mammalian milk and some seeds. Several studies have shown that CA has varied action on targets that include AMPA receptors, PPAR-γ, inflammatory/oxidative stress pathways and gut dysbiosis. Based on these lines of evidence, CA has proved to be effective in the amelioration of neurological diseases such as epilepsy, affective disorders and Alzheimer's disease. But these studies still warrant more pre-clinical and clinical studies that would further prove its efficacy. Hence, to understand the potential of CA in brain disease and associated comorbid conditions, an advance and rigorous molecular mechanistic study, apart from the reported in-vitro/in-vivo studies, is urgently required for the development of this compound through clinical setups.
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8
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Wylie AC, Short SJ. Environmental Toxicants and the Developing Brain. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:921-933. [PMID: 36906498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Early life represents the most rapid and foundational period of brain development and a time of vulnerability to environmental insults. Evidence indicates that greater exposure to ubiquitous toxicants like fine particulate matter (PM2.5), manganese, and many phthalates is associated with altered developmental, physical health, and mental health trajectories across the lifespan. Whereas animal models offer evidence of their mechanistic effects on neurological development, there is little research that evaluates how these environmental toxicants are associated with human neurodevelopment using neuroimaging measures in infant and pediatric populations. This review provides an overview of 3 environmental toxicants of interest in neurodevelopment that are prevalent worldwide in the air, soil, food, water, and/or products of everyday life: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), manganese, and phthalates. We summarize mechanistic evidence from animal models for their roles in neurodevelopment, highlight prior research that has examined these toxicants with pediatric developmental and psychiatric outcomes, and provide a narrative review of the limited number of studies that have examined these toxicants using neuroimaging with pediatric populations. We conclude with a discussion of suggested directions that will move this field forward, including the incorporation of environmental toxicant assessment in large, longitudinal, multimodal neuroimaging studies; the use of multidimensional data analysis strategies; and the importance of studying the combined effects of environmental and psychosocial stressors and buffers on neurodevelopment. Collectively, these strategies will improve ecological validity and our understanding of how environmental toxicants affect long-term sequelae via alterations to brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Wylie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sarah J Short
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Center for Health Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.
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9
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Sobrido-Cameán D, Oswald MCW, Bailey DMD, Mukherjee A, Landgraf M. Activity-regulated growth of motoneurons at the neuromuscular junction is mediated by NADPH oxidases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1106593. [PMID: 36713781 PMCID: PMC9880070 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1106593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons respond to changes in the levels of activity they experience in a variety of ways, including structural changes at pre- and postsynaptic terminals. An essential plasticity signal required for such activity-regulated structural adjustments are reactive oxygen species (ROS). To identify sources of activity-regulated ROS required for structural plasticity in vivo we used the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction as a highly tractable experimental model system. For adjustments of presynaptic motor terminals, we found a requirement for both NADPH oxidases, Nox and dual oxidase (Duox), that are encoded in the Drosophila genome. This contrasts with the postsynaptic dendrites from which Nox is excluded. NADPH oxidases generate ROS to the extracellular space. Here, we show that two aquaporins, Bib and Drip, are necessary ROS conduits in the presynaptic motoneuron for activity regulated, NADPH oxidase dependent changes in presynaptic motoneuron terminal growth. Our data further suggest that different aspects of neuronal activity-regulated structural changes might be regulated by different ROS sources: changes in bouton number require both NADPH oxidases, while activity-regulated changes in the number of active zones might be modulated by other sources of ROS. Overall, our results show NADPH oxidases as important enzymes for mediating activity-regulated plasticity adjustments in neurons.
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10
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Błażewicz A, Grabrucker AM. Metal Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Crosstalk between Toxic and Essential Metals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010308. [PMID: 36613749 PMCID: PMC9820494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since hundreds of years ago, metals have been recognized as impacting our body's physiology. As a result, they have been studied as a potential cure for many ailments as well as a cause of acute or chronic poisoning. However, the link between aberrant metal levels and neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), is a relatively new finding, despite some evident ASD-related consequences of shortage or excess of specific metals. In this review, we will summarize past and current results explaining the pathomechanisms of toxic metals at the cellular and molecular levels that are still not fully understood. While toxic metals may interfere with dozens of physiological processes concurrently, we will focus on ASD-relevant activity such as inflammation/immune activation, mitochondrial malfunction, increased oxidative stress, impairment of axonal myelination, and synapse formation and function. In particular, we will highlight the competition with essential metals that may explain why both the presence of certain toxic metals and the absence of certain essential metals have emerged as risk factors for ASD. Although often investigated separately, through the agonistic and antagonistic effects of metals, a common metal imbalance may result in relation to ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażewicz
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Interdisciplinary Applications of Ion Chromatography, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Andreas M. Grabrucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-61-237756
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11
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Wang DM, Du YX, Zhu RR, Tian Y, Chen JJ, Chen DC, Wang L, Zhang XY. The relationship between cognitive impairment and superoxide dismutase activity in untreated first-episode patients with schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:517-524. [PMID: 34918615 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2013093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Cognitive decline is an essential characteristic of schizophrenia and may be due to the disturbance between reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant capacity. The study aimed to explore the association between cognitive deficits and antioxidant defence parameters in untreated first-episode patients with schizophrenia.Methods: We determined important antioxidant enzymes, total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and manganese SOD (MnSOD), and their relationship with cognitive impairment in 168 untreated patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 168 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The evaluation of psychopathological symptoms of all patients was based on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). We measured cognitive function by the Repeated Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and activities of total SOD and MnSOD in all participants.Results: The results showed that untreated patients with first-episode schizophrenia had deficient cognitive functioning in four RBANS indices and total scores, except for the visuospatial/constructional index, as well as higher plasma total SOD activity compared with the control subjects. In addition, significant negative correlations were identified between MnSOD activity and attention index or RBANS total score in patients.Conclusions: Our results suggest that oxidative stress may be partly responsible for cognitive dysfunction in the early course of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Mei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xuan Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Rong Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Jing Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Simicic D, Cudalbu C, Pierzchala K. Overview of oxidative stress findings in hepatic encephalopathy: From cellular and ammonium-based animal models to human data. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114795. [PMID: 35753389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a natural phenomenon in the body. Under physiological conditions intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are normal components of signal transduction cascades, and their levels are maintained by a complex antioxidants systems participating in the in-vivo redox homeostasis. Increased oxidative stress is present in several chronic diseases and interferes with phagocytic and nervous cell functions, causing an up-regulation of cytokines and inflammation. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) occurs in both acute liver failure (ALF) and chronic liver disease. Increased blood and brain ammonium has been considered as an important factor in pathogenesis of HE and has been associated with inflammation, neurotoxicity, and oxidative stress. The relationship between ROS and the pathophysiology of HE is still poorly understood. Therefore, sensing ROS production for a better understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and functional outcome in HE pathophysiology is critical for determining the disease mechanisms, as well as to improve the management of patients. This review is emphasizing the important role of oxidative stress in HE development and documents the changes occurring as a consequence of oxidative stress augmentation based on cellular and ammonium-based animal models to human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Simicic
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Pierzchala
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Shandilya S, Kumar S, Kumar Jha N, Kumar Kesari K, Ruokolainen J. Interplay of gut microbiota and oxidative stress: Perspective on neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. J Adv Res 2022; 38:223-244. [PMID: 35572407 PMCID: PMC9091761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research on the implications of gut microbiota on brain functions has helped to gather important information on the relationship between them. Pathogenesis of neurological disorders is found to be associated with dysregulation of gut-brain axis. Some gut bacteria metabolites are found to be directly associated with the increase in reactive oxygen species levels, one of the most important risk factors of neurodegeneration. Besides their morbid association, gut bacteria metabolites are also found to play a significant role in reducing the onset of these life-threatening brain disorders. Aim of Review Studies done in the recent past raises two most important link between gut microbiota and the brain: "gut microbiota-oxidative stress-neurodegeneration" and gut microbiota-antioxidant-neuroprotection. This review aims to gives a deep insight to our readers, of the collective studies done, focusing on the gut microbiota mediated oxidative stress involved in neurodegeneration along with a focus on those studies showing the involvement of gut microbiota and their metabolites in neuroprotection. Key Scientific Concepts of Review This review is focused on three main key concepts. Firstly, the mounting evidences from clinical and preclinical arenas shows the influence of gut microbiota mediated oxidative stress resulting in dysfunctional neurological processes. Therefore, we describe the potential role of gut microbiota influencing the vulnerability of brain to oxidative stress, and a budding causative in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Secondly, contributing roles of gut microbiota has been observed in attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation via its own metabolites or by producing secondary metabolites and, also modulation in gut microbiota population with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory probiotics have shown promising neuro resilience. Thirdly, high throughput in silico tools and databases also gives a correlation of gut microbiome, their metabolites and brain health, thus providing fascinating perspective and promising new avenues for therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shandilya
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, International Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Haryana, India
- Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, Helsinki 00180, Finland
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot no. 32–34, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | | | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as regulators of key processes supporting neuronal growth, function, and plasticity across lifespan. At normal physiological levels, ROS perform important roles as secondary messengers in diverse molecular processes such as regulating neuronal differentiation, polarization, synapse maturation, and neurotransmission. In contrast, high levels of ROS are toxic and can ultimately lead to cell death. Excitable cells, such as neurons, often require high levels of metabolic activity to perform their functions. As a consequence, these cells are more likely to produce high levels of ROS, potentially enhancing their susceptibility to oxidative damage. In addition, because neurons are generally post-mitotic, they may be subject to accumulating oxidative damage. Thus, maintaining tight control over ROS concentration in the nervous system is essential for proper neuronal development and function. We are developing a more complete understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for control of ROS in these processes. This review focuses on ROS regulation of the developmental and functional properties of neurons, highlighting recent in vivo studies. We also discuss the current evidence linking oxidative damage to pathological conditions associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Parvardeh S, Sheikholeslami MA, Ghafghazi S, Pouriran R, Mortazavi SE. Minocycline Improves Memory by Enhancing Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Restoring Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:225-235. [PMID: 36425949 PMCID: PMC9682322 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.6.2062.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the impairment of synaptic plasticity following cerebral ischemia, ultimately resulting in memory dysfunction. Hence, the applying antioxidant agents could be beneficial in managing memory deficits after brain ischemia. Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic with antioxidant effect. The main objective of this work was to assess the minocycline effect on the impairment of synaptic plasticity and memory after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. METHODS Transient occlusion of common carotid arteries was used to induce ischemiareperfusion injury in rats. Single or multiple (once daily for 7 days) dose(s) of minocycline were administered before (pretreatment) or after (treatment) brain ischemia. Seven days after ischemia-reperfusion, passive avoidance performance, long-term hippocampal potentiation, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. RESULTS The passive avoidance test showed that minocycline (20 and 40 mg/kg) significantly increased step-through latency while reducing the duration of staying in a dark chamber in the treatment (but not pretreatment) group. In electrophysiological experiments, the rats treated (but not pretreated) with minocycline (40 mg/kg) showed a significant increase in the amplitude of the field excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus. The treatment (but not pretreatment) with minocycline (20 and 40 mg/kg) resulted in a significant increase in the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION It was determined that minocycline attenuates memory dysfunction after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats by improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity and restoring antioxidant enzyme activity. HIGHLIGHTS Minocycline enhances passive avoidance memory after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.Minocycline increases enzymatic antioxidant capacity in hippocampal formation.Minocycline improves synaptic plasticity in perforant path-granule cell synapse. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Stroke is a common neurological disease with a relatively high mortality rate and disabilities worldwide. More than half of the patients who have had an episode of stroke suffer from the impairment of sensorimotor function and language problems as well as learning and memory disorders. Oxidative stress plays an important role in memory impairment following brain ischemia. Hence, the application of antioxidant agents could be beneficial in managing memory deficits after stroke. Minocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic that is used for the treatment of infectious diseases; it can also function as a potent antioxidant medication. Hence, we hypothesized that minocycline could attenuate memory impairment after brain ischemia. We examined this hypothesis in a rat model of brain ischemia. In this model, the main arteries that supply the brain with oxygenated blood were occluded to induce brain ischemia in the rats. Then, minocycline was administered to the rats, which were subjected to brain ischemia. Seven days later, memory function in the rats was evaluated. The results showed that minocycline could enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the brain, which physiologically fight off oxidative stress. This property of minocycline protects brain cells against ischemic injury and thereby increases the transmission of neuronal signals from one cell to another cell in the memory centers in the brain. These effects ultimately increase the memory function of rats, which was evident in the behavioral memory test. Overall, the study results suggest that minocycline can be considered a memory enhancer drug in patients who suffer from learning and memory disorders following a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Erfan Mortazavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Boutros SW, Krenik D, Holden S, Unni VK, Raber J. Common cancer treatments targeting DNA double strand breaks affect long-term memory and relate to immediate early gene expression in a sex-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2022; 13:198-213. [PMID: 35106123 PMCID: PMC8794536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) have been highly studied in the context of cancers, as DSBs can lead to apoptosis or tumorigenesis. Several pharmaceuticals are widely used to target DSBs during cancer therapy. Amifostine (WR-2721) and etoposide are two commonly used drugs: amifostine reduces DSBs, whereas etoposide increases DSBs. Recently, a novel role for DSBs in immediate early gene expression, learning, and memory has been suggested. Neither amifostine nor etoposide have been assessed for their effects on learning and memory without confounding factors. Moreover, sex-dependent effects of these drugs have not been reported. We administered amifostine or etoposide to 3-4-month-old male and female C57Bl/6J mice before or after training in fear conditioning and assessed learning, memory, and immediate early genes. We observed sex-dependent baseline and drug-induced differences, with females expressing higher cFos and FosB levels than males. These were affected by both amifostine and etoposide. Post-training injections of amifostine affected long-term contextual fear memory; etoposide affected contextual and cued fear memory. These data support the hypothesis that DSBs contribute to learning and memory, and that these could play a part in cognitive side effects during common treatment regimens. The sex-dependent effects also highlight an important factor when considering treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Weber Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Destine Krenik
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sarah Holden
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Vivek K. Unni
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- OHSU Parkinson Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, The Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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17
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1689-1699. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Pierzchala K, Simicic D, Sienkiewicz A, Sessa D, Mitrea S, Braissant O, McLin VA, Gruetter R, Cudalbu C. Central nervous system and systemic oxidative stress interplay with inflammation in a bile duct ligation rat model of type C hepatic encephalopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:295-307. [PMID: 34890769 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role and coexistence of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in type C hepatic encephalopathy (C HE) is a subject of intense debate. Under normal conditions the physiological levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species are controlled by the counteracting antioxidant response to maintain redox homeostasis. Our previous in-vivo1H-MRS studies revealed the longitudinal impairment of the antioxidant system (ascorbate) in a bile-duct ligation (BDL) rat model of type C HE. Therefore, the aim of this work was to examine the course of central nervous system (CNS) OS and systemic OS, as well as to check for their co-existence with inflammation in the BDL rat model of type C HE. To this end, we implemented a multidisciplinary approach, including ex-vivo and in-vitro electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) spin-trapping, which was combined with UV-Vis spectroscopy, and histological assessments. We hypothesized that OS and inflammation act synergistically in the pathophysiology of type C HE. Our findings point to an increased CNS- and systemic-OS and inflammation over the course of type C HE progression. In particular, an increase in the CNS OS was observed as early as 2-weeks post-BDL, while the systemic OS became significant at week 6 post-BDL. The CNS EPR measurements were further validated by a substantial accumulation of 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (Oxo-8-dG), a marker of oxidative DNA/RNA modifications on immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using IHC, we also detected increased synthesis of antioxidants, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1) and superoxide dismutases (i.e.Cu/ZnSOD (SOD1) and MnSOD (SOD2)), along with proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the brains of BDL rats. The presence of systemic inflammation was observed already at 2-weeks post-surgery. Thus, these results suggest that CNS OS is an early event in type C HE rat model, which seems to precede systemic OS. Finally, our results suggest that the increase in CNS OS is due to enhanced formation of intra- and extra-cellular ROS rather than due to reduced antioxidant capacity, and that OS in parallel with inflammation plays a significant role in type C HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pierzchala
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - D Simicic
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Sienkiewicz
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; ADSresonances Sàrl, Préverenges, Switzerland
| | - D Sessa
- Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Mitrea
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V A McLin
- Swiss Pediatric Liver Center, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Gruetter
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Cudalbu
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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19
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Banhasasim-Tang Ameliorates Spatial Memory by Suppressing Oxidative Stress through Regulation of ERK/p38 Signaling in Hippocampus of Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6970578. [PMID: 34900088 PMCID: PMC8660254 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6970578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient times, Banhasasim-tang (BHS) has been used to treat functional dyspepsia in East Asia. Here, we aimed to determine the protective action of BHS on hippocampal neurons against oxidative stress. We investigated the functional effect of BHS on a scopolamine-induced mouse model, and molecular analysis was performed in glutamate-induced HT22 cells. We observed that BHS administration ameliorated memory dysfunction in scopolamine-treated mice. BHS administration also increased neuronal survival and acetylcholine activity and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of mice. In hippocampal cells, BHS treatment rescued glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. We observed an increase of HO-1 and a decrease of Nrf2 protein expression in glutamate-induced oxidative stress; however, the expression level of these proteins was significantly rescued by BHS treatment. BHS treatment also regulated phosphorylation of p38, p53, ERK, and CREB. Therefore, our data indicated that BHS may reduce oxidative stress through regulation of ERK-CREB and p38-p53 signaling in the hippocampus, resulting in decreased neuronal damage and improved memory in rodent models of neurodegenerative disease.
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Edem EE, Ihaza BE, Fafure AA, Ishola AO, Nebo KE, Enye LA, Akinluyi ET. Virgin coconut oil abrogates depression-associated cognitive deficits by modulating hippocampal antioxidant balance, GABAergic and glutamatergic receptors in mice. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:177-190. [PMID: 34881837 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES GABA and glutamate neurotransmission play critical roles in both the neurobiology of depression and cognition; and Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is reported to support brain health. The present study investigated the effect of VCO on depression-associated cognitive deficits in mice. METHODS Thirty male mice divided into five groups were either exposed to chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS) protocol for 28 days or pre-treated with 3 mL/kg b. wt. of VCO for 21 days or post-treated with 3 mL/kg b. wt. of VCO for 21 days following 28 days of CUMS exposure. Mice were subjected to behavioural assessments for depressive-like behaviours and short-term memory, and thereafter euthanised. Hippocampal tissue was dissected from the harvested whole brain for biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS Our results showed that CUMS exposure produced depressive-like behaviours, cognitive deficits and altered hippocampal redox balance. However, treatment with VCO abrogated depression-associated cognitive impairment, and enhanced hippocampal antioxidant concentration. Furthermore, immunohistochemical evaluation revealed significant improvement in GABAA and mGluR1a immunoreactivity following treatment with VCO in the depressed mice. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, findings from this study support the dietary application of VCO to enhance neural resilience in patients with depression and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edem Ekpenyong Edem
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Blessing Eghosa Ihaza
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adedamola Adediran Fafure
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Azeez Olakunle Ishola
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Kate Eberechukwu Nebo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Linus Anderson Enye
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth Toyin Akinluyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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21
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Optimization of the extraction of polysaccharides from the shells of Camellia oleifera and evaluation on the antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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22
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Role of Nrf2 in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081884. [PMID: 34440653 PMCID: PMC8391447 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor that reduces oxidative stress. When reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are detected, Nrf2 translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE), which regulates the expression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. Nrf2 impairments are observed in the majority of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The classic hallmarks of AD include β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Oxidative stress is observed early in AD and is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. The nuclear translocation of Nrf2 is impaired in AD compared to controls. Increased oxidative stress is associated with impaired memory and synaptic plasticity. The administration of Nrf2 activators reverses memory and synaptic plasticity impairments in rodent models of AD. Therefore, Nrf2 activators are a potential novel therapeutic for neurodegenerative disorders including AD.
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23
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Zhang L, Bo J, Chen W, Li S, Wang Y, Yan L, Wu L, Zhang Y. The Role of Nrf2 on the Cognitive Dysfunction of High-fat Diet Mice Following Lead Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2247-2258. [PMID: 32812172 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure can induce the severe deleterious damage on the central nervous system (CNS). High-fat diet also has been suggested that it had some adverse effects on learning and memory, cognitive function, but there is lack of study on Pb and high-fat diet co-exposure on the CNS damage. In this study, the goal was to explore the effect of Pb on the cognitive function of mice with high-fat diet and to investigate whether Nrf2 signaling pathway acts in the cerebral cortex. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control, high-fat diet, Pb (drinking water with 250 mg/L lead acetate), and high-fat diet with Pb (drinking water with 250 mg/L lead acetate) co-exposure groups for 12 weeks. Experiment data showed that learn memory and exploration ability of mice obviously decreased in Pb and high-fat diet, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased; then, the protein expressions of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1, NADP(H):dehydrogenase quinone 1, and superoxide dismutase 2 were lower significantly compared with those in the control group. This study suggested that down-expressed Nrf2 signaling pathway possibly related to the cognitive dysfunction induced by Pb and high-fat diet co-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijin Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhu Bo
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Afflicted Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Yan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanshu Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
- Experiment Animal Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
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Jia Q, Sieburth D. Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide positively regulates neuropeptide secretion during diet-induced activation of the oxidative stress response. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2304. [PMID: 33863916 PMCID: PMC8052458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the generation of signals coupling metabolism with neurotransmitter release, but a role for mitochondrial-produced ROS in regulating neurosecretion has not been described. Here we show that endogenously produced hydrogen peroxide originating from axonal mitochondria (mtH2O2) functions as a signaling cue to selectively regulate the secretion of a FMRFamide-related neuropeptide (FLP-1) from a pair of interneurons (AIY) in C. elegans. We show that pharmacological or genetic manipulations that increase mtH2O2 levels lead to increased FLP-1 secretion that is dependent upon ROS dismutation, mitochondrial calcium influx, and cysteine sulfenylation of the calcium-independent PKC family member PKC-1. mtH2O2-induced FLP-1 secretion activates the oxidative stress response transcription factor SKN-1/Nrf2 in distal tissues and protects animals from ROS-mediated toxicity. mtH2O2 levels in AIY neurons, FLP-1 secretion and SKN-1 activity are rapidly and reversibly regulated by exposing animals to different bacterial food sources. These results reveal a previously unreported role for mtH2O2 in linking diet-induced changes in mitochondrial homeostasis with neuropeptide secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jia
- PIBBS program, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Derek Sieburth
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Targeting redox-altered plasticity to reactivate synaptic function: A novel therapeutic strategy for cognitive disorder. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:599-608. [PMID: 33777670 PMCID: PMC7982492 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox-altered plasticity refers to redox-dependent reversible changes in synaptic plasticity via altering functions of key proteins, such as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Age-related cognitive disorders includes Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and age-associated memory impairment (AAMI). Based on the critical role of NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in memory, the increase of reactive oxygen species in cognitive disorders, and the sensitivity of NMDAR to the redox status, converging lines have suggested the redox-altered NMDAR-dependent plasticity might underlie the synaptic dysfunctions associated with cognitive disorders. In this review, we summarize the involvement of redox-altered plasticity in cognitive disorders by presenting the available evidence. According to reports from our laboratory and other groups, this "redox-altered plasticity" is more similar to functional changes rather than organic injuries, and strategies targeting redox-altered plasticity using pharmacological agents might reverse synaptic dysfunctions and memory abnormalities in the early stage of cognitive disorders. Targeting redox modifications for NMDARs may serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for memory deficits.
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Key Words
- AAMI, age-associated memory impairment
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- AMPARs, α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- Cognitive disorder
- DG, dentate gyrus
- DS, Down syndrome
- DTNB, 5,5-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EPSPs, excitatory postsynaptic potentials
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- Glu, glutamate
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HFS, high-frequency stimulation
- Hydrogen sulfide
- LFS, low-frequency stimulation
- LTD, long-term depression
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- Learning and memory
- Long-term potentiation
- MF, mossy fiber
- N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor
- NAC, N-acetyl cysteine
- NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NMDARs, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oxidative stress
- PTM, posttranslational modification
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Reactive oxygen species
- SC, Schaffer collateral
- SNOC, S-nitrosocysteine
- Synaptic plasticity
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- VD, vascular dementia
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Sheikholeslami MA, Ghafghazi S, Pouriran R, Mortazavi SE, Parvardeh S. Attenuating effect of paroxetine on memory impairment following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat: The involvement of BDNF and antioxidant capacity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 893:173821. [PMID: 33347827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairments are frequently reported in patients suffering from brain ischemic diseases. Oxidative/nitrosative stress, synaptic plasticity, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are involved in the physiopathology of brain ischemia-induced memory disorders. In the present study, the effect of paroxetine as an efficacious antidepressant medication with antioxidant properties was evaluated on passive avoidance memory deficit following cerebral ischemia in rats. Transient occlusion of common carotid arteries was applied to induce ischemia-reperfusion injury in male Wistar rats. Paroxetine (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once daily before (for 3 days) or after (for 7 days) the induction of ischemia. A week after ischemia-reperfusion injury, passive avoidance memory, long-term potentiation (LTP), BDNF levels, total antioxidant capacity, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (including catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were investigated in the hippocampus. In the passive avoidance test, paroxetine significantly increased the step-through latency and decreased the time spent in the dark compartment. This affirmative function of paroxetine on the passive avoidance memory was accompanied by the improvement of hippocampal LTP and an obvious augmentation in the BDNF contents. Besides, paroxetine caused a significant rise in the total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity; while decreased the hippocampal levels of NO and MDA. It was ultimately attained that paroxetine attenuates cerebral ischemia-induced passive avoidance memory dysfunction in rats by the enhancement of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and BDNF content together with the suppression of oxidative/nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Pouriran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Erfan Mortazavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Tauffenberger A, Magistretti PJ. Reactive Oxygen Species: Beyond Their Reactive Behavior. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:77-87. [PMID: 33439432 PMCID: PMC7829243 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis plays a critical role in how an organism will develop and age. Disruption of this fragile equilibrium is often associated with health degradation and ultimately, death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been closely associated with health decline and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. ROS were first identified as by-products of the cellular activity, mainly mitochondrial respiration, and their high reactivity is linked to a disruption of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA. More recent research suggests more complex function of ROS, reaching far beyond the cellular dysfunction. ROS are active actors in most of the signaling cascades involved in cell development, proliferation and survival, constituting important second messengers. In the brain, their impact on neurons and astrocytes has been associated with synaptic plasticity and neuron survival. This review provides an overview of ROS function in cell signaling in the context of aging and degeneration in the brain and guarding the fragile balance between health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tauffenberger
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Pierre J Magistretti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Ejaz HW, Wang W, Lang M. Copper Toxicity Links to Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7660. [PMID: 33081348 PMCID: PMC7589751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-related progressive neurological disorder, and the most common type of dementia in aged people. Neuropathological lesions of AD are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques comprise the accumulated amyloid-beta (Aβ), loaded with metal ions including Cu, Fe, or Zn. Some reports have identified metal dyshomeostasis as a neurotoxic factor of AD, among which Cu ions seem to be a central cationic metal in the formation of plaque and soluble oligomers, and have an essential role in the AD pathology. Cu-Aβ complex catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative damage. Several studies have indicated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The connection of copper levels in AD is still ambiguous, as some researches indicate a Cu deficiency, while others show its higher content in AD, and therefore there is a need to increase and decrease its levels in animal models, respectively, to study which one is the cause. For more than twenty years, many in vitro studies have been devoted to identifying metals' roles in Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and neurotoxicity. Towards the end, a short review of the modern therapeutic approach in chelation therapy, with the main focus on Cu ions, is discussed. Despite the lack of strong proofs of clinical advantage so far, the conjecture that using a therapeutic metal chelator is an effective strategy for AD remains popular. However, some recent reports of genetic-regulating copper transporters in AD models have shed light on treating this refractory disease. This review aims to succinctly present a better understanding of Cu ions' current status in several AD features, and some conflicting reports are present herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafza Wajeeha Ejaz
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth WA6027, Australia;
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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Atabaki R, Roohbakhsh A, Moghimi A, Mehri S. Protective effects of maternal administration of curcumin and hesperidin in the rat offspring following repeated febrile seizure: Role of inflammation and TLR4. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106720. [PMID: 32585605 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has a key role in seizure generation and perpetuation in the neonatal period, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway has a prominent role in neuroinflammatory diseases. Administration of antioxidants and targeting TLR4 in the embryonic period may protect rat offspring against the next incidence of febrile seizure and its harmful effects. Curcumin and hesperidin are natural compounds with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and have an inhibitory action on TLR4 receptors. We evaluated the effect of maternal administration of curcumin and hesperidin on infantile febrile seizure and subsequent memory dysfunction in adulthood. Hyperthermia febrile seizure was induced on postnatal days 9-11 on male rat pups with 24 h intervals, in a Plexiglas box that was heated to ~45 °C by a heat lamp. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) assessment for evaluation of inflammatory cytokine levels, TLR4 protein expression, and oxidative responses in the hippocampal tissues. For assessing working memory and long-term potentiation, the double Y-maze test and Schaffer collateral-CA1 in vivo electrophysiological recording were performed, respectively Our results showed that curcumin and hesperidin decreased TNF-α, IL-10, and TLR4 protein expression and reversed memory dysfunction. However, they did not provoke a significant effect on GSH content or amplitude and slope of recorded fEPSPs in the hippocampus. In addition, curcumin, but not hesperidin, decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and MDA levels. These findings imply that curcumin and hesperidin induced significant protective effects on febrile seizures, possibly via their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and downregulation of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabi Atabaki
- Rayan Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Moghimi
- Rayan Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Muñoz P, Ardiles ÁO, Pérez-Espinosa B, Núñez-Espinosa C, Paula-Lima A, González-Billault C, Espinosa-Parrilla Y. Redox modifications in synaptic components as biomarkers of cognitive status, in brain aging and disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111250. [PMID: 32433996 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that includes several changes that gradually make organisms degenerate and die. Harman's theory proposes that aging is a consequence of the progressive accumulation of oxidative modifications mediated by reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which plays an essential role in the development and progression of many neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on how abnormal redox modifications induced by age impair the functionality of neuronal redox-sensitive proteins involved in axonal elongation and guidance, synaptic plasticity, and intercellular communication. We will discuss post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs as a mechanism that controls the neuronal redox state. Finally, we will discuss how some brain-permeant antioxidants from the diet have a beneficial effect on cognition. Taken together, the evidence revised here indicates that oxidative-driven modifications of specific proteins and changes in microRNA expression may be useful biomarkers for aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Also, some specific antioxidant therapies have undoubtedly beneficial neuroprotective effects when administered in the correct doses, in the ideal formulation combination, and during the appropriate therapeutic window. The use of some antioxidants is, therefore, still poorly explored for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Muñoz
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Biomedical Research Center, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network.
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Translational Neurology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network; Interdisciplinary Center of Neuroscience of Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Health Studies, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Boris Pérez-Espinosa
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network; Laboratorio biología de la Reproduccion, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network; School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Andrea Paula-Lima
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network; Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI) and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network; Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
| | - Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla
- Thematic Task Force on Healthy Aging, CUECH Research Network; School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine - LMM, Center for Education, Healthcare and Investigation - CADI, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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31
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Jezierska-Wozniak K, Sinderewicz E, Czelejewska W, Wojtacha P, Barczewska M, Maksymowicz W. Influence of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy on Oxidative Stress Intensity in Minimally Conscious State Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E683. [PMID: 32138308 PMCID: PMC7141306 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including minimally conscious state (MCS), may be associated with the presence of high concentrations of reactive oxygen species within the central nervous system. Regarding the documented role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in oxidative stress neutralization, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) transplantation on selected markers of oxidative stress in MCS patients. Antioxidant capacity was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma collected from nine patients aged between 19 and 45 years, remaining in MCS for 3 to 14 months. Total antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid and ascorbate concentrations, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activity were analyzed and the presence of tested antioxidants in the CSF and plasma was confirmed. Higher ascorbic acid (AA) content and catalase (CAT) activity were noted in CSF relative to plasma, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity were higher in plasma relative to CSF. Total antioxidant capacity measured in CSF was greater after BM-MSC transplantations. The content of ascorbates was lower and CAT activity was higher both in CSF and plasma after the administration of BM-MSC. The above results suggest that MSCs modulate oxidative stress intensity in MCS patients, mainly via ascorbates and CAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jezierska-Wozniak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.S.); (W.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.B.); (W.M.)
| | - Emilia Sinderewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.S.); (W.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.B.); (W.M.)
| | - Wioleta Czelejewska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (E.S.); (W.C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.B.); (W.M.)
| | - Pawel Wojtacha
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Cieszynski 1 Str., 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Monika Barczewska
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.B.); (W.M.)
| | - Wojciech Maksymowicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30 Str., 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.B.); (W.M.)
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32
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Oliveira LF, Rodrigues LD, Cardillo GM, Nejm MB, Guimarães-Marques M, Reyes-Garcia SZ, Zuqui K, Vassallo DV, Fiorini AC, Scorza CA, Scorza FA. Deleterious effects of chronic mercury exposure on in vitro LTP, memory process, and oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7559-7569. [PMID: 31885058 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments plays an important role in the exposure of humans to these toxicants. Among these pollutants, mercury (Hg) is one main concern due to its high neurotoxicity and environmental persistence. Even in low concentrations, Hg bioaccumulation is a major threat to human health, with higher impact on populations whose diet has fish as chief consumption. Mercury compounds have high affinity for neuronal receptors and proteins, which gives Hg its cumulative feature and have the ability to cross cell membranes and blood-brain barrier to show their neurotoxicity. Intoxication with Hg increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus depleting faster the resource of antioxidant proteins. To evaluate Hg-induced hippocampal ROS production, synaptic plasticity, anxiety, and memory, a total of 11 male Wistar rats were exposed to HgCl2 (Hg30 group) to produce a residual concentration of 8 ng/mL at the end of 30 days. Behavioral tests (plus-maze discriminative avoidance task), in vitro electrophysiology, and ROS assays were performed. Western blot assay showed decreased levels of antioxidant proteins GPx and SOD in Hg30 group. Increased ROS production was observed in the CA1 and CA3 regions in the Hg-exposed group. Plus-maze task detected long-term memory impairment in Hg30 group, linked to poorer in vitro long-term potentiation as compared to control group. Hg intoxication also promoted higher anxiety-like behavior in the exposed animals. In conclusion, our data suggests that low doses of HgCl2 resulted in impaired long-term memory and unbalance between decreased antioxidant protein expression and increased ROS production in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro F Oliveira
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís D Rodrigues
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana B Nejm
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Selvin Z Reyes-Garcia
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Morphological Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Honduras, San Pedro Sula, Honduras
| | - Karolini Zuqui
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Dalton V Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Ana C Fiorini
- Department of Department of Speech-Language Pathology, Audiology, UNIFESP/EPM, Brazil and Pontifical Catholic University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil.
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33
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An Experimental Investigation of Ultraweak Photon Emission from Adult Murine Neural Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:463. [PMID: 31949217 PMCID: PMC6965084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons like other living cells may have ultraweak photon emission (UPE) during neuronal activity. This study is aimed to evaluate UPE from neural stem cells (NSC) during their serial passaging and differentiation. We also investigate whether the addition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or enhancement of UPE (by AgNPs or mirror) affect the differentiation of NSC. In our method, neural stem and progenitor cells of subventricular zone (SVZ) are isolated and expanded using the neurosphere assay. The obtained dissociated cells allocated and cultivated into three groups: groups: I: cell (control), II: cell + mirror, and III: cell + AgNPs. After seven days, the primary neurospheres were counted and their mean number was obtained. Serial passages continuous up to sixth passages in the control group. Differentiation capacity of the resulting neurospheres were evaluated in vitro by immunocytochemistry techniques. Measurement of UPE was carried out by photomultiplier tube (PMT) in the following steps: at the end of primary culture, six serial cell passages of the control group, before and after of the differentiation for 5 minutes. The results show that neither mirror nor AgNPs affect on the neurosphere number. The UPE of the NSC in the sixth subculturing passage was significantly higher than in the primary passage (P < 0.05). AgNPs significantly increased the UPE of the NSC compared to the control group before and after the differentiation (P < 0.05). Also, the treatment with AgNPs increased 44% neuronal differentiation of the harvested NSCs. UPE of NSC after the differentiation was significantly lower than that before the differentiation in each groups, which is in appropriate to the cell numbers (P < 0.0001). The mirror did not significantly increase UPE, neither before nor after the differentiation of NSC. As a conclusion, NSC have UPE-properties and the intensity is increased by serial passaging that are significant in the sixth passage. The AgNPs increases the UPE intensity of NSC that pushes more differentiation of NSC to the neurons. The mirror was not effective in enhancement of UPE. As a result, UPE measurement may be suitable for assessing and studying the effects of nanoparticles in living cells and neurons.
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Kang J, Wang Z, Oteiza PI. (−)-Epicatechin mitigates high fat diet-induced neuroinflammation and altered behavior in mice. Food Funct 2020; 11:5065-5076. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00486c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
(−)-Epicatechin improves memory in high fat diet-induced obese mice in association with prevention of endotoxemia and mitigation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Kang
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
| | - Patricia I. Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Environmental Toxicology
- University of California
- Davis
- USA
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NOX2-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate Formyl-Peptide Receptor 1-Mediated TrkA Transactivation in SH-SY5Y Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2051235. [PMID: 31871542 PMCID: PMC6913242 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2051235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several enzymes are capable of producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), but only NADPH oxidases (NOX) generate ROS as their primary and sole function. In the central nervous system, NOX2 is the major source of ROS, which play important roles in signalling and functions. NOX2 activation requires p47phox phosphorylation and membrane translocation of cytosolic subunits. We demonstrate that SH-SY5Y cells express p47phox and that the stimulation of Formyl-Peptide Receptor 1 (FPR1) by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation and NOX-dependent superoxide generation. FPR1 is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and is able to transphosphorylate several tyrosine kinase receptors (RTKs). This mechanism requires ROS as signalling intermediates and is necessary to share information within the cell. We show that N-fMLP stimulation induces the phosphorylation of cytosolic Y490, Y751, and Y785 residues of the neurotrophin receptor TrkA. These phosphotyrosines provide docking sites for signalling molecules which, in turn, activate Ras/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and PLC-γ1/PKC intracellular cascades. N-fMLP-induced ROS generation plays a critical role in FPR1-mediated TrkA transactivation. In fact, the blockade of NOX2 functions prevents Y490, Y751, and Y785 phosphorylation, as well as the triggering of downstream signalling cascades. Moreover, we observed that FPR1 stimulation by N-fMLP also improves proliferation, cellular migration, and neurite outgrowth of SH-SY5Y cells.
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Torres-Cuevas I, Corral-Debrinski M, Gressens P. Brain oxidative damage in murine models of neonatal hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:3-15. [PMID: 31226400 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The brain is one of the main organs affected by hypoxia and reoxygenation in the neonatal period and one of the most vulnerable to oxidative stress. Hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation leads to impairment of neurogenesis, disruption of cortical migration, mitochondrial damage and neuroinflammation. The extent of the injury depends on the clinical manifestation in the affected regions. Preterm newborns are highly vulnerable, and they exhibit severe clinical manifestations such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and diffuse white matter injury (DWMI) among others. In the neonatal period, the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species exacerbated by the immature antioxidant defense systems in represents cellular threats that, if they exceed or bypass physiological counteracting mechanisms, are responsible of significant neuronal damage. Several experimental models in mice mimic the consequences of perinatal asphyxia and the use of oxygen in the reanimation process that produce brain injury. The aim of this review is to highlight brain damage associated with oxidative stress in different murine models of hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre Gressens
- INSERM UMR1141, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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37
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Abarzúa S, Ampuero E, Zundert B. Superoxide generation via the NR2B‐NMDAR/RasGRF1/NOX2 pathway promotes dendritogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22985-22995. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Abarzúa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de la Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración CARE Chile UC Santiago Chile
| | - Estibaliz Ampuero
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de la Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Brigitte Zundert
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de la Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración CARE Chile UC Santiago Chile
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38
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Reichart G, Mayer J, Zehm C, Kirschstein T, Tokay T, Lange F, Baltrusch S, Tiedge M, Fuellen G, Ibrahim S, Köhling R. Mitochondrial complex IV mutation increases reactive oxygen species production and reduces lifespan in aged mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13214. [PMID: 30376218 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations can negatively influence lifespan and organ function. More than 250 pathogenic mtDNA mutations are known, often involving neurological symptoms. Major neurodegenerative diseases share key etiopathogenetic components ie mtDNA mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. METHODS Here, we characterized a conplastic mouse strain (C57BL/6 J-mtNOD) carrying an electron transport chain complex IV mutation that leads to an altered cytochrome c oxidase subunit III. Since this mouse also harbours adenine insertions in the mitochondrial tRNA for arginine, we chose the C57BL/6 J-mtMRL as control strain which also carries a heteroplasmic stretch of adenine repetitions in this tRNA isoform. RESULTS Using MitoSOX fluorescence, we observed an elevated mitochondrial superoxide production and a reduced gene expression of superoxide dismutase 2 in the 24-month-old mtNOD mouse as compared to control. Together with the decreased expression of the fission-relevant gene Fis1, these data confirmed that the ageing mtNOD mouse had a mitochondrial dysfunctional phenotype. On the functional level, we could not detect significant differences in synaptic long-term potentiation, but found a markedly poor physical constitution to perform the Morris water maze task at the age of 24 months. Moreover, the median lifespan of mtNOD mice was significantly shorter than of control animals. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that a complex IV mutation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that translates into survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesine Reichart
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Johannes Mayer
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Cindy Zehm
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Tursonjan Tokay
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
- Center for Life Sciences Nazarbayev University Astana Kazakhstan
| | - Falko Lange
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Simone Baltrusch
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Markus Tiedge
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research Rostock Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty University of Rostock Rostock Germany
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology Lübeck University Medical Center Lübeck Germany
| | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology Rostock University Medical Center Rostock Germany
- Interdisciplinary Faculty University of Rostock Rostock Germany
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39
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Zhao Q, Lu D, Wang J, Liu B, Cheng H, Mattson MP, Cheng A. Calcium dysregulation mediates mitochondrial and neurite outgrowth abnormalities in SOD2 deficient embryonic cerebral cortical neurons. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1600-1614. [PMID: 30390091 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a major antioxidant defense enzyme. Here we provide evidence that SOD2 plays critical roles in maintaining calcium homeostasis in newly generated embryonic cerebral cortical neurons, which is essential for normal mitochondrial function and subcellular distribution, and neurite outgrowth. Primary cortical neurons in cultures established from embryonic day 15 SOD2+/+ and SOD2-/- mice appear similar during the first 24 h in culture. During the ensuing two days in culture, SOD2-/- neurons exhibit a profound reduction of neurite outgrowth and their mitochondria become fragmented and accumulate in the cell body. The structural abnormalities of the mitochondria are associated with reduced levels of phosphorylated (S637) dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), a major mitochondrial fission-regulating protein, whereas mitochondrial fusion regulating proteins (OPA1 and MFN2) are relatively unaffected. Mitochondrial fission and Drp1 dephosphorylation coincide with impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering capacity and an elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Treatment of SOD2-/- neurons with the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM significantly increases levels of phosphorylated Drp1, reduces mitochondrial fragmentation and enables neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Zhao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Laboratory of Calcium Signaling and Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Daoyuan Lu
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Beibei Liu
- Laboratory of Calcium Signaling and Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Heping Cheng
- Laboratory of Calcium Signaling and Mitochondrial Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Aiwu Cheng
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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40
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Bothwell MY, Gillette MU. Circadian redox rhythms in the regulation of neuronal excitability. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:45-55. [PMID: 29398284 PMCID: PMC5910288 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation-reduction reactions are essential to life as the core mechanisms of energy transfer. A large body of evidence in recent years presents an extensive and complex network of interactions between the circadian and cellular redox systems. Recent advances show that cellular redox state undergoes a ~24-h (circadian) oscillation in most tissues and is conserved across the domains of life. In nucleated cells, the metabolic oscillation is dependent upon the circadian transcription-translation machinery and, vice versa, redox-active proteins and cofactors feed back into the molecular oscillator. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a hypothalamic region of the brain specialized for circadian timekeeping, redox oscillation was found to modulate neuronal membrane excitability. The SCN redox environment is relatively reduced in daytime when neuronal activity is highest and relatively oxidized in nighttime when activity is at its lowest. There is evidence that the redox environment directly modulates SCN K+ channels, tightly coupling metabolic rhythms to neuronal activity. Application of reducing or oxidizing agents produces rapid changes in membrane excitability in a time-of-day-dependent manner. We propose that this reciprocal interaction may not be unique to the SCN. In this review, we consider the evidence for circadian redox oscillation and its interdependencies with established circadian timekeeping mechanisms. Furthermore, we will investigate the effects of redox on ion-channel gating dynamics and membrane excitability. The susceptibility of many different ion channels to modulation by changes in the redox environment suggests that circadian redox rhythms may play a role in the regulation of all excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Y Bothwell
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Martha U Gillette
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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41
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Kishimoto Y, Kunieda K, Kitamura A, Kakihana Y, Akaike T, Ihara H. 8-Nitro-cGMP Attenuates the Interaction between SNARE Complex and Complexin through S-Guanylation of SNAP-25. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:217-223. [PMID: 29110463 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
8-Nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) is the second messenger in nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species redox signaling. This molecule covalently binds to protein thiol groups, called S-guanylation, and exerts various biological functions. Recently, we have identified synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) as a target of S-guanylation, and demonstrated that S-guanylation of SNAP25 enhanced SNARE complex formation. In this study, we have examined the effects of S-guanylation of SNAP-25 on the interaction between the SNARE complex and complexin (cplx), which binds to the SNARE complex with a high affinity. Pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments have revealed that S-guanylation of Cys90 in SNAP-25 attenuates the interaction between the SNARE complex and cplx. In addition, blue native-PAGE followed by Western blot analysis revealed that the amount of cplx detected at a high molecular weight decreased upon 8-nitro-cGMP treatment in SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrated for the first time that S-guanylation of SNAP-25 attenuates the interaction between the SNARE complex and cplx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kishimoto
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Kunieda
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Protein Factory, Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Kakihana
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department
of Environmental Health Science and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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42
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Bagheri S, Squitti R, Haertlé T, Siotto M, Saboury AA. Role of Copper in the Onset of Alzheimer's Disease Compared to Other Metals. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 9:446. [PMID: 29472855 PMCID: PMC5810277 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by amyloid plaques in patients' brain tissue. The plaques are mainly made of β-amyloid peptides and trace elements including Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+. Some studies have shown that AD can be considered a type of metal dyshomeostasis. Among metal ions involved in plaques, numerous studies have focused on copper ions, which seem to be one of the main cationic elements in plaque formation. The involvement of copper in AD is controversial, as some studies show a copper deficiency in AD, and consequently a need to enhance copper levels, while other data point to copper overload and therefore a need to reduce copper levels. In this paper, the role of copper ions in AD and some contradictory reports are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rosanna Squitti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Thomas Haertlé
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- UR 1268 Biopolymères Interactions Assemblages, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Equipe Fonctions et Interactions des Protéines, Nantes, France
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Ali A. Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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43
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Chavushyan VA, Simonyan KV, Simonyan RM, Isoyan AS, Simonyan GM, Babakhanyan MA, Hovhannisyian LE, Nahapetyan KH, Avetisyan LG, Simonyan MA. Effects of stevia on synaptic plasticity and NADPH oxidase level of CNS in conditions of metabolic disorders caused by fructose. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:540. [PMID: 29258552 PMCID: PMC5735878 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess dietary fructose intake associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Previous animal studies have reported that diabetic animals have significantly impaired behavioural and cognitive functions, pathological synaptic function and impaired expression of glutamate receptors. Correction of the antioxidant status of laboratory rodents largely prevents the development of fructose-induced plurimetabolic changes in the nervous system. We suggest a novel concept of efficiency of Stevia leaves for treatment of central diabetic neuropathy. METHODS By in vivo extracellular studies induced spike activity of hippocampal neurons during high frequency stimulation of entorhinal cortex, as well as neurons of basolateral amygdala to high-frequency stimulation of the hippocampus effects of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant evaluated in synaptic activity in the brain of fructose-enriched diet rats. In the conditions of metabolic disorders caused by fructose, antioxidant activity of Stevia rebaudiana was assessed by measuring the NOX activity of the hippocampus, amygdala and spinal cord. RESULTS In this study, the characteristic features of the metabolic effects of dietary fructose on synaptic plasticity in hippocampal neurons and basolateral amygdala and the state of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) oxidative system of these brain formations are revealed, as well as the prospects for development of multitarget and polyfunctional phytopreparations (with adaptogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, nootropic activity) from native raw material of Stevia rebaudiana. Stevia modulates degree of expressiveness of potentiation/depression (approaches but fails to achieve the norm) by shifting the percentage balance in favor of depressor type of responses during high-frequency stimulation, indicating its adaptogenic role in plasticity of neural networks. Under the action of fructose an increase (3-5 times) in specific quantity of total fraction of NOX isoforms isolated from the central nervous system tissue (amygdala, hippocampus, spinal cord) was revealed. Stevia exhibits an antistress, membrane-stabilizing role reducing the level of total fractions of NOX isoforms from central nervous system tissues and regulates NADPH-dependent O2- -producing activity. CONCLUSION Generally, in condition of metabolic disorders caused by intensive consumption of dietary fructose Stevia leaves contributes to the control of neuronal synaptic plasticity possibly influencing the conjugated NOX-specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Chavushyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - K V Simonyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia.
| | - R M Simonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, 5/1 P.Sevag str, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A S Isoyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G M Simonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, 5/1 P.Sevag str, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M A Babakhanyan
- Scientific Centre of Artsakh, 8 Tigran Mets str, Stepanakert, Nagorno Karabakh, Armenia
| | - L E Hovhannisyian
- Scientific Centre of Artsakh, 8 Tigran Mets str, Stepanakert, Nagorno Karabakh, Armenia
| | - Kh H Nahapetyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L G Avetisyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 22 Orbeli Bros Street, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - M A Simonyan
- H. Buniatian Institute of Biochemistry NAS RA, 5/1 P.Sevag str, 0014, Yerevan, Armenia
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44
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Paradoxical effects of 137Cs irradiation on pharmacological stimulation of reactive oxygen species in hippocampal slices from apoE2 and apoE4 mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76587-76605. [PMID: 29100334 PMCID: PMC5652728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, apoE, which plays a role in repair, is expressed in three isoforms: E2, E3, and E4. E4 is a risk factor for age-related cognitive decline (ACD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly in women. In contrast, E2 is a protective factor for ACD and AD. E2 and E4 might also differ in their response to cranial 137Cs irradiation, a form of radiation typically used in a clinical setting for the treatment of cancer. This might be mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an-apoE isoform-dependent fashion. E2 and E4 female mice received sham-irradiation or cranial irradiation at 8 weeks of age and a standard mouse chow or a diet supplemented with the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) starting at 6 weeks of age. Behavioral and cognitive performance of the mice were assessed 12 weeks later. Subsequently, the generation of ROS in hippocampal slices was analyzed. Compared to sham-irradiated E4 mice, irradiated E4 mice showed enhanced spatial memory in the water maze. This was associated with increased hippocampal PMA-induction of ROS. Similar effects were not seen in E2 mice. Irradiation increased endogenous hippocampal ROS levels in E2 mice while decreasing those in E4 mice. NADPH activity and MnSOD levels were higher in sham-irradiated E2 than E4 mice. Irradiation increased NADPH activity and MnSOD levels in hemi brains of E4 mice but not in those of E2 mice. ALA did not affect behavioral and cognitive performance or hippocampal formation of ROS in either genotype. Thus, apoE isoforms modulate the radiation response.
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45
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Vallabh NA, Romano V, Willoughby CE. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in corneal disease. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:103-113. [PMID: 28549842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cornea is the anterior transparent surface and the main refracting structure of the eye. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of inherited (e.g. Kearns Sayre Syndrome) and acquired corneal diseases (e.g. keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy). Both antioxidants and reactive oxygen species are found in the healthy cornea. There is increasing evidence of imbalance in the oxidative balance and mitochondrial function in the cornea in disease states. The cornea is vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress due to its highly exposed position to ultraviolet radiation and high oxygen tension. The corneal endothelium is vulnerable to accumulating mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage due to the post- mitotic nature of endothelial cells, yet their mitochondrial genome is continually replicating and mtDNA mutations can develop and accumulate with age. The unique physiology of the cornea predisposes this structure to oxidative damage, and there is interplay between inherited and acquired mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and a number of corneal diseases. By targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in corneal disease, emerging treatments may prevent or reduce visual loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru A Vallabh
- Corneal and External Eye Service, St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vito Romano
- Corneal and External Eye Service, St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Colin E Willoughby
- Corneal and External Eye Service, St. Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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46
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Memory and synaptic plasticity are impaired by dysregulated hippocampal O-GlcNAcylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44921. [PMID: 28368052 PMCID: PMC5377249 DOI: 10.1038/srep44921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylated proteins are abundant in the brain and are associated with neuronal functions and neurodegenerative diseases. Although several studies have reported the effects of aberrant regulation of O-GlcNAcylation on brain function, the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in synaptic function remain unclear. To understand the effect of aberrant O-GlcNAcylation on the brain, we used Oga+/− mice which have an increased level of O-GlcNAcylation, and found that Oga+/− mice exhibited impaired spatial learning and memory. Consistent with this result, Oga+/− mice showed a defect in hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Oga heterozygosity causes impairment of both long-term potentiation and long-term depression due to dysregulation of AMPA receptor phosphorylation. These results demonstrate a role for hyper-O-GlcNAcylation in learning and memory.
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47
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Ernst J, Hock A, Henning A, Seifritz E, Boeker H, Grimm S. Increased pregenual anterior cingulate glucose and lactate concentrations in major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:113-119. [PMID: 27184123 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence that glucose metabolism in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC) is increased in major depressive disorder (MDD), whereas it is still unknown whether glucose levels per se are also elevated. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate concentrations in MDD patients might indicate that increased glycolytical metabolization of glucose to lactate in astrocytes either alone or in conjunction with mitochondrial dysfunction results in an accumulation of lactate and contributes to pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD. However, until now, no study investigated in vivo PACC glucose and lactate levels in MDD. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was therefore used to test the hypothesis that patients with MDD have increased PACC glucose and lactate levels. In 40 healthy and depressed participants, spectra were acquired from the PACC using a maximum echo J-resolved spectroscopy protocol. Results show significant increases of glucose and lactate in patients, which are also associated with depression severity. These findings indicate impaired brain energy metabolism in MDD with increased fraction of energy utilization via glycolysis and reduced mitochondrial oxidative clearance of lactate. Targeting these metabolic disturbances might affect the balance of metabolic pathways regulating neuronal energetics and result in an attenuation of the elevated basal activity of brain regions within the neural circuitry of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ernst
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Hock
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - E Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Boeker
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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48
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Salim S. Oxidative Stress and the Central Nervous System. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 360:201-205. [PMID: 27754930 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.237503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 705] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical integrity of the brain is vital for normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). One of the factors contributing to cerebral biochemical impairment is a chemical process called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress occurs upon excessive free radical production resulting from an insufficiency of the counteracting antioxidant response system. The brain, with its high oxygen consumption and lipid-rich content, is highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Therefore, oxidative stress-induced damage to the brain has a strong potential to negatively impact normal CNS functions. Although oxidative stress has historically been considered to be involved mainly in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, and Parkinson disease, its involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders and depression, is beginning to be recognized. This review is a discussion of the relevance of cerebral oxidative stress to impairment of emotional and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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49
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Beckhauser TF, Francis-Oliveira J, De Pasquale R. Reactive Oxygen Species: Physiological and Physiopathological Effects on Synaptic Plasticity. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 10:23-48. [PMID: 27625575 PMCID: PMC5012454 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s39887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian central nervous system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is counterbalanced by antioxidant defenses. When large amounts of ROS accumulate, antioxidant mechanisms become overwhelmed and oxidative cellular stress may occur. Therefore, ROS are typically characterized as toxic molecules, oxidizing membrane lipids, changing the conformation of proteins, damaging nucleic acids, and causing deficits in synaptic plasticity. High ROS concentrations are associated with a decline in cognitive functions, as observed in some neurodegenerative disorders and age-dependent decay of neuroplasticity. Nevertheless, controlled ROS production provides the optimal redox state for the activation of transductional pathways involved in synaptic changes. Since ROS may regulate neuronal activity and elicit negative effects at the same time, the distinction between beneficial and deleterious consequences is unclear. In this regard, this review assesses current research and describes the main sources of ROS in neurons, specifying their involvement in synaptic plasticity and distinguishing between physiological and pathological processes implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Fernando Beckhauser
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Sao Paulo University (USP), Butanta, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Francis-Oliveira
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Sao Paulo University (USP), Butanta, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto De Pasquale
- Physiology and Biophysics Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Sao Paulo University (USP), Butanta, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Koga M, Serritella AV, Sawa A, Sedlak TW. Implications for reactive oxygen species in schizophrenia pathogenesis. Schizophr Res 2016; 176:52-71. [PMID: 26589391 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well-recognized participant in the pathophysiology of multiple brain disorders, particularly neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. While not a dementia, a wide body of evidence has also been accumulating for aberrant reactive oxygen species and inflammation in schizophrenia. Here we highlight roles for oxidative stress as a common mechanism by which varied genetic and epidemiologic risk factors impact upon neurodevelopmental processes that underlie the schizophrenia syndrome. While there is longstanding evidence that schizophrenia may not have a single causative lesion, a common pathway involving oxidative stress opens the possibility for intervention at susceptible phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minori Koga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anthony V Serritella
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thomas W Sedlak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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