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Olivares-Barraza R, Marcos JL, Martínez-Pinto J, Fuenzalida M, Bravo JA, Gysling K, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Corticotropin-releasing factor system in the lateral septum: Implications in the pathophysiology of obesity. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1020903. [PMID: 36204135 PMCID: PMC9530601 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1020903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic associated with lifestyles changes. These include excess intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas, like the lateral hypothalamus (LH), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been linked in both homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. Interestingly, these control systems are regulated by the lateral septum (LS), a relay of γ-aminobutyric (GABA) acid neurons (GABAergic neurons) that inhibit the LH and GABAergic interneurons of the VTA. Furthermore, the LS has a diverse receptor population for neurotransmitters and neuropeptides such as dopamine, glutamate, GABA and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), among others. Particularly, CRF a key player in the stress response, has been related to the development of overweight and obesity. Moreover, evidence shows that LS neurons neurophysiologically regulate reward and stress, although there is little evidence of LS taking part in homeostatic and hedonic feeding. In this review, we discuss the evidence that supports the role of LS and CRF on feeding, and how alterations in this system contribute to weight gain obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossy Olivares-Barraza
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Neurociencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - José Luis Marcos
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería para la Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Veterinarias, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javier A. Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de NeuroGastroBioquímica, Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Katia Gysling
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departmento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate,
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Cid-Jofré V, Moreno M, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Cruz G, Renard GM. Modafinil Administration to Preadolescent Rat Impairs Non-Selective Attention, Frontal Cortex D 2 Expression and Mesolimbic GABA Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126602. [PMID: 35743046 PMCID: PMC9223864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The misuse of psychostimulants is an increasing behavior among young people, highlighting in some countries the abuse of modafinil (MOD) as a neuropotentiator. However, several clinical trials are investigating MOD as an alternative pharmacological treatment for attentional deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. On the other hand, the early use of psychostimulants and the misdiagnosis rates in ADHD make it crucial to investigate the brain effects of this type of drug in young healthy individuals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of chronic MOD treatment on neurochemicals (γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate), dopamine receptor 2 (D2) expression and behavior (non-selective attention "NSA") in the mesocorticolimbic system of young healthy Sprague-Dawley rats. Preadolescent male rats were injected with MOD (75 mg/kg, i.p.) or a vehicle for 14 days (from postnatal day 22 to 35). At postnatal day 36, we measured the GLU and GABA contents and their extracellular levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In addition, the GLU and GABA contents were measured in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and D2 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Chronic use of MOD during adolescence induces behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with the mesocorticolimbic system, such as a reduction in PFC D2 expression, VTA GABA levels and NSA. These results contribute to the understanding of the neurological effects of chronic MOD use on a young healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Cid-Jofré
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, Estación Central, Santiago 9160019, Chile; (V.C.-J.); (M.M.)
| | - Macarena Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, Estación Central, Santiago 9160019, Chile; (V.C.-J.); (M.M.)
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Laboratorio de Neuroquímica y Neurofarmacología, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile;
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Laboratorio de Alteraciones Reproductivas y Metabólicas, Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile;
| | - Georgina M. Renard
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, Estación Central, Santiago 9160019, Chile; (V.C.-J.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Wirtshafter HS, Wilson MA. Lateral septum as a nexus for mood, motivation, and movement. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:544-559. [PMID: 33848512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) has been implicated in a wide variety of functions, including emotional, motivational, and spatial behavior, and the LS may regulate interactions between the hippocampus and other regions that mediate goal directed behavior. In this review, we suggest that the lateral septum incorporates movement into the evaluation of environmental context with respect to motivation, anxiety, and reward to output an 'integrated movement value signal'. Specifically, hippocampally-derived contextual information may be combined with reinforcement or motivational information in the LS to inform task-relevant decisions. We will discuss how movement is represented in the LS and the literature on the LS's involvement in mood and motivation. We will then connect these results to LS movement-related literature and hypotheses about the role of the lateral septum. We suggest that the LS may communicate a movement-scaled reward signal via changes in place-, movement-, and reward-related firing, and that the LS should be considered a fundamental node of affect and locomotor pathways in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Wirtshafter
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Matthew A Wilson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Vena AA, Zandy SL, Cofresí RU, Gonzales RA. Behavioral, neurobiological, and neurochemical mechanisms of ethanol self-administration: A translational review. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 212:107573. [PMID: 32437827 PMCID: PMC7580704 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder has multiple characteristics including excessive ethanol consumption, impaired control over drinking behaviors, craving and withdrawal symptoms, compulsive seeking behaviors, and is considered a chronic condition. Relapse is common. Determining the neurobiological targets of ethanol and the adaptations induced by chronic ethanol exposure is critical to understanding the clinical manifestation of alcohol use disorders, the mechanisms underlying the various features of the disorder, and for informing medication development. In the present review, we discuss ethanol's interactions with a variety of neurotransmitter systems, summarizing findings from preclinical and translational studies to highlight recent progress in the field. We then describe animal models of ethanol self-administration, emphasizing the value, limitations, and validity of commonly used models. Lastly, we summarize the behavioral changes induced by chronic ethanol self-administration, with an emphasis on cue-elicited behavior, the role of ethanol-related memories, and the emergence of habitual ethanol seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Vena
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, United States of America
| | | | - Roberto U Cofresí
- Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rueben A Gonzales
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, United States of America.
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Wirtshafter HS, Wilson MA. Differences in reward biased spatial representations in the lateral septum and hippocampus. eLife 2020; 9:55252. [PMID: 32452763 PMCID: PMC7274787 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS), which is innervated by the hippocampus, is known to represent spatial information. However, the details of place representation in the LS, and whether this place information is combined with reward signaling, remains unknown. We simultaneously recorded from rat CA1 and caudodorsal lateral septum in rat during a rewarded navigation task and compared spatial firing in the two areas. While LS place cells are less numerous than in hippocampus, they are similar to the hippocampus in field size and number of fields per cell, but with field shape and center distributions that are more skewed toward reward. Spike cross-correlations between the hippocampus and LS are greatest for cells that have reward-proximate place fields, suggesting a role for the LS in relaying task-relevant hippocampal spatial information to downstream areas, such as the VTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah S Wirtshafter
- Department of Biology, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Picower Institute for Learning andMemory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Matthew A Wilson
- Department of Biology, MassachusettsInstitute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Picower Institute for Learning andMemory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
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Shiuchi T, Masuda T, Shimizu N, Chikahisa S, Séi H. Dopamine stimulation of the septum enhances exercise efficiency during complicated treadmill running in mice. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:1019-1028. [PMID: 31664642 PMCID: PMC10717687 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the neurotransmitters and brain regions involved in exercise efficiency in mice during continuous complicated exercises. Male C57BL/6J mice practiced treadmill running with intermittent obstacles on a treadmill for 8 days. Oxygen uptake (VO2) during treadmill running was measured as exercise efficiency. After obstacle exercise training, the VO2 measured during treadmill running with obstacles decreased significantly. Obstacle exercise-induced c-Fos expressions and dopamine turnover (DOPAC/dopamine) in the septum after obstacle exercise training were significantly higher than that before training. The dopamine turnover was correlated with exercise efficiency on the 3rd day after exercise training. Furthermore, the training effect on exercise efficiency was significantly decreased by injection of dopamine receptor antagonists into the septum and was associated with decreased c-Fos expressions in the septum and hippocampus of the mice. These results suggest that dopaminergic function in the septum is involved in exercise efficiency during continuous complicated exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Shiuchi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Takuya Masuda
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Student Lab, Tokushima University Faculty of Medicine, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shimizu
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sachiko Chikahisa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Séi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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Velásquez VB, Zamorano GA, Martínez-Pinto J, Bonansco C, Jara P, Torres GE, Renard GM, Sotomayor-Zárate R. Programming of Dopaminergic Neurons by Early Exposure to Sex Hormones: Effects on Morphine-Induced Accumbens Dopamine Release, Reward, and Locomotor Behavior in Male and Female Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:295. [PMID: 30971928 PMCID: PMC6443923 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal programming with sex hormones produces long-term functional changes in various tissues, including the brain. Previously, we demonstrated a higher content of dopamine and an increase in potassium-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of adult rats exposed to estradiol valerate. On the other hand, sex hormones also affect the opioid system increasing the expression of the μ opioid receptor and β-endorphins. Here, we investigated if neonatal programming with sex hormones alters the response to morphine during adulthood in rats and predispose them to neurochemical, rewarding and behavioral activating effects. We examined the effects of neonatal exposure to a single dose of estradiol valerate or testosterone propionate on morphine-induced (5 mg/kg, i.v.) dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and morphine-induced (3 mg/kg, s.c.) locomotor activity and conditioned place preference when these rats were adults. Our results showed a significant increase in morphine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of rats that were exposed neonatally to estradiol compared with control rats. This effect was correlated with higher place preference and locomotor activity induced by morphine in adult rats neonatally exposed to estradiol valerate. However, the effect of morphine on dopamine release and behaviors was similar in rats treated with testosterone compared to control rats. Additionally, the expression of mu (μ) opioid receptor, dopamine receptor type 1 (D1) and dopamine receptor type 2 (D2) in the nucleus accumbens of adult rats was not different after treatment with sex hormones. Taken together, our results demonstrated an enhancement of pharmacological effects produced by morphine in rats neonatally programmed with estradiol valerate, suggesting that early exposure to sex hormones could represent a vulnerability factor in the development of addiction to opioid drugs such as morphine and heroin in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Bonansco
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo E Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Georgina M Renard
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Torres-Berrio A, Cuesta S, Lopez-Guzman S, Nava-Mesa MO. Interaction Between Stress and Addiction: Contributions From Latin-American Neuroscience. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2639. [PMID: 30622500 PMCID: PMC6308142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder that escalates from an initial exposure to drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, cannabis, or heroin, to compulsive drug-seeking and intake, reduced ability to inhibit craving-induced behaviors, and repeated cycles of abstinence and relapse. It is well-known that chronic changes in the brain’s reward system play an important role in the neurobiology of addiction. Notably, environmental factors such as acute or chronic stress affect this system, and increase the risk for drug consumption and relapse. Indeed, the HPA axis, the autonomic nervous system, and the extended amygdala, among other brain stress systems, interact with the brain’s reward circuit involved in addictive behaviors. There has been a growing interest in studying the molecular, cellular, and behavioral mechanisms of stress and addiction in Latin-America over the last decade. Nonetheless, these contributions may not be as strongly acknowledged by the broad scientific audience as studies coming from developed countries. In this review, we compile for the first time a series of studies conducted by Latin American-based neuroscientists, who have devoted their careers to studying the interaction between stress and addiction, from a neurobiological and clinical perspective. Specific contributions about this interaction include the study of CRF receptors in the lateral septum, investigations on the neural mechanisms of cross-sensitization for psychostimulants and ethanol, the identification of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a critical neural substrate for stress and addiction, and the emergence of the cannabinoid system as a promising therapeutic target. We highlight animal and human studies, including for instance, reports coming from Latin American laboratories on single nucleotide polymorphisms in stress-related genes and potential biomarkers of vulnerability to addiction, that aim to bridge the knowledge from basic science to clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Torres-Berrio
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Santiago Cuesta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Silvia Lopez-Guzman
- Neuroscience Research Group, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mauricio O Nava-Mesa
- Neuroscience Research Group, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Navarro G, Medrano M, Aguinaga D, Vega-Quiroga I, Lillo A, Jiménez J, Casanovas M, Canela EI, Mallol J, Gysling K, Franco R. Differential effect of amphetamine over the corticotropin-releasing factor CRF 2 receptor, the orexin OX 1 receptor and the CRF 2-OX 1 heteroreceptor complex. Neuropharmacology 2018; 152:102-111. [PMID: 30465812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Stress is one of the factors underlying drug seeking behavior that often goes in parallel with loss of appetite. We here demonstrate that orexin 1 receptors (OX1R) may form complexes with the corticotropin releasing factor CRF2 receptor. Two specific features of the heteromer were a cross-antagonism and a blockade by CRF2 of OX1R signaling. In cells expressing one of the receptors, agonist-mediated signal transduction mechanisms were potentiated by amphetamine. Sigma 1 (σ1) and 2 (σ2) receptors are targets of drugs of abuse and, despite sharing a similar name, the two receptors are structurally unrelated and their physiological role is not known. We here show that σ1 receptors interact with CRF2 receptors and that σ2 receptors interact with OX1R. Moreover, we show that amphetamine effect on CRF2 receptors was mediated by σ1R whereas the effect on OX1 receptors was mediated by σ2R. Amphetamine did potentiate the negative cross-talk occurring within the CRF2-OX1 receptor heteromer context, likely by a macromolecular complex involving the two sigma receptors and the two GPCRs. Finally, in vivo microdialysis experiments showed that amphetamine potentiated orexin A-induced dopamine and glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Remarkably, the in vivo orexin A effects were blocked by a selective CRF2R antagonist. These results show that amphetamine impacts on the OX1R-, CRF2R- and OX1R/CRF2R-mediated signaling and that cross-antagonism is instrumental for in vivo detection of GPCR heteromers. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Receptor heteromers and their allosteric receptor-receptor interactions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Pharmacy and Food Science School, University of Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Medrano
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Aguinaga
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Quiroga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Lillo
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jasmina Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Casanovas
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric I Canela
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Mallol
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Bredewold R, Nascimento NF, Ro GS, Cieslewski SE, Reppucci CJ, Veenema AH. Involvement of dopamine, but not norepinephrine, in the sex-specific regulation of juvenile socially rewarding behavior by vasopressin. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2109-2117. [PMID: 29875448 PMCID: PMC6098123 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Social play is a highly rewarding behavior displayed mostly during the juvenile period. We recently showed that vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) blockade in the lateral septum (LS) enhances social play in male juvenile rats, but reduces it in females. Here, we determined whether the LS-AVP system modulates dopamine (DA) and/or norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmission in the LS to regulate social play behavior in sex-specific ways. Using microdialysis combined with retrodialysis, we demonstrated that both LS-AVP administration and social play exposure increased extracellular LS-DA release in females, but not in males. Pharmacological blockade of LS-DA receptors reduced social play in both sexes, but required a higher dose in females. This suggests that baseline LS-DA release is sufficient for social play in males, while increased LS-DA release is necessary for social play in females. Administration of a V1aR antagonist into the LS inhibited the social play-induced increase in extracellular LS-DA release in females. Furthermore, co-administration of the DA agonist apomorphine prevented the LS-V1aR blockade-induced decrease in social play in females. This suggests that LS-V1aR blockade reduces social play in females by dampening the rise in LS-DA release. Extracellular LS-NE release was enhanced in response to pharmacological manipulations of the LS-AVP system and to social play in males and/or females, but pharmacological blockade or stimulation of LS-NE receptors did not alter social play in either sex. Overall, we define a mechanism by which the LS-AVP system alters LS-DA neurotransmission differently in males than females resulting in the sex-specific regulation of juvenile social play behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco Bredewold
- Department of Psychology, Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Nara F. Nascimento
- 0000 0004 0444 7053grid.208226.cDepartment of Psychology, Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
| | - Grace S. Ro
- 0000 0004 0444 7053grid.208226.cDepartment of Psychology, Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
| | - Shannon E. Cieslewski
- 0000 0004 0444 7053grid.208226.cDepartment of Psychology, Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA USA
| | - Christina J. Reppucci
- 0000 0001 2150 1785grid.17088.36Department of Psychology, Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Alexa H. Veenema
- 0000 0001 2150 1785grid.17088.36Department of Psychology, Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
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Serotonin-1A receptor dependent modulation of pain and reward for improving therapy of chronic pain. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:212-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Haleem DJ, Nawaz S, Salman T. Dopamine and serotonin metabolism associated with morphine reward and its inhibition with buspirone: A study in the rat striatum. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 170:71-78. [PMID: 29782941 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptations within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and caudate nucleus (CN) dopamine neurotransmission are involved in behavioral sensitization and enhanced incentive motivation towards drug paired stimuli which lead to drug addiction. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) can modulate dopamine neurotransmission to reduce rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. A recent study from our laboratory shows that rewarding effects of morphine are inhibited in rats co-treated with buspirone. To understand the neurochemical mechanism involved in morphine addiction and its inhibition with buspirone, present study determines the effects of buspirone, morphine and their co-administration on the metabolism of serotonin and dopamine in the NAc and CN. We find that rewarding effects of morphine are associated with an enhancement and attenuation of dopamine metabolism, respectively in the CN and NAc. Serotonin metabolism is enhanced in both regions. Co-administration of buspirone not only prevents rewarding effects of morphine, but its effects on the metabolism of dopamine and serotonin in the NAc and CN are also reversed. Results suggest that 5-HT1A receptor dependent modulation of dopamine neurotransmission in the CN and NAc is involved in the modulation of the rewarding effects of morphine in buspirone co-treated animals. The findings documenting an important role of 5-HT1A receptors in drug addiction suggest that synthetic opioid drugs with agonist activity of 5-HT1A receptors may prove non addictive analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Nawaz
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Tabinda Salman
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research (PCMD), International Center for Chemical and Biological Science (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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13
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Vega-Quiroga I, Yarur HE, Gysling K. Lateral septum stimulation disinhibits dopaminergic neurons in the antero-ventral region of the ventral tegmental area: Role of GABA-A alpha 1 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Ahumada C, Bahamondes C, Cerda CA, Silva RA, Cruz G, Moya PR, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Renard GM. Amphetamine treatment affects the extra-hypothalamic vasopressinergic system in a sex- and nucleus-dependent manner. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28235136 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS), a brain structure implicated in addictive behaviours, regulates the activation of dopaminergic neurones in the ventral tegmental area. Vasopressinergic projections from the extended amygdala to the LS, which are sexually dimorphic, could be responsible for the vulnerability to addiction in a sex-dependent manner. The present study aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of amphetamine (AMPH) on the expression of vasopressin (AVP) in the vasopressinergic extra-hypothalamic system in sensitised male and female rats. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent an AMPH-locomotor sensitisation protocol. Acute AMPH increased AVP mRNA expression in the medial amygdala (MeA), whereas AMPH-induced sensitisation increased AVP mRNA expression in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) only in females. Interestingly, the increase in AVP expression in BNST was higher in oestrus females compared to dioestrus females and acute AMPH resulted in a decrease in AVP levels in the LS, only in males. Thus, there are complex and region-specific interactions between AMPH and the extra-hypothalamic vasopressinergic system in the brain, underlying possible alterations in different behaviours caused by acute and chronic AMPH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ahumada
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C Bahamondes
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - C A Cerda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - R A Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - G Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - P R Moya
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Valparaíso, Chile
- Núcleo Milenio Biology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders (NuMIND), Valparaíso, Chile
| | - R Sotomayor-Zárate
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - G M Renard
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral, Instituto de Fisiología, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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15
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Herrera A, Muñoz P, Paris I, Díaz-Veliz G, Mora S, Inzunza J, Hultenby K, Cardenas C, Jaña F, Raisman-Vozari R, Gysling K, Abarca J, Steinbusch HWM, Segura-Aguilar J. Aminochrome induces dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction: a new animal model for Parkinson's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3583-97. [PMID: 27001668 PMCID: PMC11108377 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
L-Dopa continues to be the gold drug in Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment from 1967. The failure to translate successful results from preclinical to clinical studies can be explained by the use of preclinical models which do not reflect what happens in the disease since these induce a rapid and extensive degeneration; for example, MPTP induces a severe Parkinsonism in only 3 days in humans contrasting with the slow degeneration and progression of PD. This study presents a new anatomy and develops preclinical model based on aminochrome which induces a slow and progressive dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons. The unilateral injection of aminochrome into rat striatum resulted in (1) contralateral rotation when the animals are stimulated with apomorphine; (2) absence of significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neuronal elements both in substantia nigra and striatum; (3) cell shrinkage; (4) significant reduction of dopamine release; (5) significant increase in GABA release; (6) significant decrease in the number of monoaminergic presynaptic vesicles; (7) significant increase of dopamine concentration inside of monoaminergic vesicles; (8) significant increase of damaged mitochondria; (9) significant decrease of ATP level in the striatum (10) significant decrease in basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration. These results suggest that aminochrome induces dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons where the contralateral behavior can be explained by aminochrome-induced ATP decrease required both for anterograde transport of synaptic vesicles and dopamine release. Aminochrome could be implemented as a new model neurotoxin to study Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Herrera
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Irmgard Paris
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santo Tomas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Gabriela Díaz-Veliz
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Mora
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Inzunza
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Division of Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cesar Cardenas
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, , Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Jaña
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, , Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Katia Gysling
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Abarca
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Segura-Aguilar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
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16
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Sotomayor-Zárate R, Abarca J, Araya KA, Renard GM, Andrés ME, Gysling K. Exposure to repeated immobilization stress inhibits cocaine-induced increase in dopamine extracellular levels in the rat ventral tegmental area. Pharmacol Res 2015; 101:116-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Aransay A, Rodríguez-López C, García-Amado M, Clascá F, Prensa L. Long-range projection neurons of the mouse ventral tegmental area: a single-cell axon tracing analysis. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:59. [PMID: 26042000 PMCID: PMC4436899 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathways arising from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) release dopamine and other neurotransmitters during the expectation and achievement of reward, and are regarded as central links of the brain networks that create drive, pleasure, and addiction. While the global pattern of VTA projections is well-known, the actual axonal wiring of individual VTA neurons had never been investigated. Here, we labeled and analyzed the axons of 30 VTA single neurons by means of single-cell transfection with the Sindbis-pal-eGFP vector in mice. These observations were complemented with those obtained by labeling the axons of small populations of VTA cells with iontophoretic microdeposits of biotinylated dextran amine. In the single-cell labeling experiments, each entire axonal tree was reconstructed from serial sections, the length of terminal axonal arbors was estimated by stereology, and the dopaminergic phenotype was tested by double-labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence. We observed two main, markedly different VTA cell morphologies: neurons with a single main axon targeting only forebrain structures (FPN cells), and neurons with multibranched axons targeting both the forebrain and the brainstem (F + BSPN cells). Dopaminergic phenotype was observed in FPN cells. Moreover, four “subtypes” could be distinguished among the FPN cells based on their projection targets: (1) “Mesocorticolimbic” FPN projecting to both neocortex and basal forebrain; (2) “Mesocortical” FPN innervating the neocortex almost exclusively; (3) “Mesolimbic” FPN projecting to the basal forebrain, accumbens and caudateputamen; and (4) “Mesostriatal” FPN targeting only the caudateputamen. While the F + BSPN cells were scattered within VTA, the mesolimbic neurons were abundant in the paranigral nucleus. The observed diversity in wiring architectures is consistent with the notion that different VTA cell subpopulations modulate the activity of specific sets of prosencephalic and brainstem structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aransay
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - María García-Amado
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Clascá
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Prensa
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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18
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Renard GM, Sotomayor-Zarate R, Blanco EH, Gysling K. Withdrawal from chronic amphetamine reduces dopamine transmission in the rat lateral septum. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:937-43. [PMID: 24753218 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The lateral septum (LS) is a brain nucleus implicated in the addictive process. This study investigated whether withdrawal from chronic amphetamine (AMPH) induces alterations in dopamine (DA) transmission within the LS. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with AMPH (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) or saline during 14 days and thereafter subjected to 24 hr or 14 days of withdrawal. After these withdrawal periods, we measured DA extracellular levels by in vivo microdialysis, DA tissue levels, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) expression in the LS. Our results showed a significant decrease in K(+) -induced release of DA in the LS of AMPH-treated rats, 14 days after withdrawal compared with saline-treated rats. There were no significant differences in DA tissue content and TH expression. Interestingly, there was a decrease of LS VMAT2 expression in AMPH-treated rats, 14 days after withdrawal compared with saline-treated rats. This is the first neurochemical evidence showing that withdrawal from repeated AMPH administration decreases K(+) -induced DA release in the rat LS. Our results suggest that this decrease in DA releasability could be due to a decrease in DA vesicular uptake. The possibility that these neurochemical changes are associated with AMPH abstinence syndrome should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M Renard
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Sotomayor-Zárate R, Jara P, Araos P, Vinet R, Quiroz G, Renard GM, Espinosa P, Hurtado-Guzmán C, Moya PR, Iturriaga-Vásquez P, Gysling K, Reyes-Parada M. Improving Amphetamine Therapeutic Selectivity:N,N-dimethyl-MTA has Dopaminergic Effects and does not Produce Aortic Contraction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:395-9. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo Jara
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology; University of Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Patricio Araos
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos y Salud (CREAS); Región de Valparaíso Chile
| | - Raúl Vinet
- Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos y Salud (CREAS); Región de Valparaíso Chile
- Laboratorio de Farmacología y Bioquímica; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | - Gabriel Quiroz
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Georgina M. Renard
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | - Pedro Espinosa
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | | | - Pablo R. Moya
- Centro de Neurobiología y Plasticidad Cerebral; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | | | - Katia Gysling
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Miguel Reyes-Parada
- School of Medicine; Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Santiago Chile
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20
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Sotomayor-Zárate R, Renard GM, Araya KA, Carreño P, Fuentealba JA, Andrés ME, Gysling K. Long-term loss of dopamine release mediated by CRF-1 receptors in the rat lateral septum after repeated cocaine administration. Behav Brain Res 2013; 250:206-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Abstract
The identification and functional understanding of the neurocircuitry that mediates alcohol and drug effects that are relevant for the development of addictive behavior is a fundamental challenge in addiction research. Here we introduce an assumption-free construction of a neurocircuitry that mediates acute and chronic drug effects on neurotransmitter dynamics that is solely based on rodent neuroanatomy. Two types of data were considered for constructing the neurocircuitry: (1) information on the cytoarchitecture and neurochemical connectivity of each brain region of interest obtained from different neuroanatomical techniques; (2) information on the functional relevance of each region of interest with respect to alcohol and drug effects. We used mathematical data mining and hierarchical clustering methods to achieve the highest standards in the preprocessing of these data. Using this approach, a dynamical network of high molecular and spatial resolution containing 19 brain regions and seven neurotransmitter systems was obtained. Further graph theoretical analysis suggests that the neurocircuitry is connected and cannot be separated into further components. Our analysis also reveals the existence of a principal core subcircuit comprised of nine brain regions: the prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area and raphe nuclei. Finally, by means of algebraic criteria for synchronizability of the neurocircuitry, the suitability for in silico modeling of acute and chronic drug effects is indicated. Indeed, we introduced as an example a dynamical system for modeling the effects of acute ethanol administration in rats and obtained an increase in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens-a hallmark of drug reinforcement-to an extent similar to that seen in numerous microdialysis studies. We conclude that the present neurocircuitry provides a structural and dynamical framework for large-scale mathematical models and will help to predict chronic drug effects on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Noori
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim; Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim; Germany
| | - Anita C. Hansson
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim; University of Heidelberg; Mannheim; Germany
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22
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Sotomayor-Zárate R, Quiroz G, Araya KA, Abarca J, Ibáñez MR, Montecinos A, Guajardo C, Núñez G, Fierro A, Moya PR, Iturriaga-Vásquez P, Gómez-Molina C, Gysling K, Reyes-Parada M. 4-Methylthioamphetamine Increases Dopamine in the Rat Striatum and has Rewarding EffectsIn Vivo. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:371-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Valparaíso; Valparaíso Chile
| | - Gabriel Quiroz
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Katherine A. Araya
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Jorge Abarca
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - María R. Ibáñez
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Alejandro Montecinos
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology; University of Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Carlos Guajardo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology; University of Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- PhD Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology; University of Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Angélica Fierro
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biology; University of Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Millennium Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo R. Moya
- Laboratory of Clinical Science; National Institute of Mental Health; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Patricio Iturriaga-Vásquez
- Millennium Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology; Santiago Chile
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | | | - Katia Gysling
- Millennium Science Nucleus in Stress and Addiction and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Miguel Reyes-Parada
- Millennium Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology; Santiago Chile
- Faculty of Medical Sciences; School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Santiago Chile
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23
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Sotomayor-Zárate R, Tiszavari M, Cruz G, Lara HE. Neonatal exposure to single doses of estradiol or testosterone programs ovarian follicular development–modified hypothalamic neurotransmitters and causes polycystic ovary during adulthood in the rat. Fertil Steril 2011; 96:1490-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Farahmandfar M, Zarrindast MR, Kadivar M, Karimian SM, Naghdi N. The effect of morphine sensitization on extracellular concentrations of GABA in dorsal hippocampus of male rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 669:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Sotomayor-Zárate R, Araya KA, Pereira P, Blanco E, Quiroz G, Pozo S, Carreño P, Andrés ME, Forray MI, Gysling K. Activation of GABA-B receptors induced by systemic amphetamine abolishes dopamine release in the rat lateral septum. J Neurochem 2010; 114:1678-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Wang TL, Wu CF, Yang JY, Wang F, Song W. Effect of morphine on brain uracil release in mouse striatum detected by microdialysis. Neurosci Lett 2009; 457:89-92. [PMID: 19429169 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2009] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Effect of acute treatment of morphine is associated with neurotransmitter and neuromodulator changes in the brain. A possible relationship between pyrimidines and morphine has also been discussed. Uracil, a common and naturally occurring pyrimidine derivative which found in RNA, has been suggested to modulate many neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, especially in the mature central nervous system. The present study was performed to determine the effect of acutely intraperitoneal morphine treatment on the release of uracil in mouse striatum. The results showed that morphine significantly decreased the release of uracil at the dose of 10 and 20mg/kg in a dose dependent manner. Naloxone could reverse the morphine-induced reduction of uracil levels in mouse striatum, at the dose of 4 mg/kg, without affecting basal uracil release. The results suggest that the extracellular level of uracil in mouse striatum could be specifically regulated by the centrally acting drugs, such as morphine. However, the pharmacological implications of such regulation should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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27
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Vihavainen T, Relander TRA, Leiviskä R, Airavaara M, Tuominen RK, Ahtee L, Piepponen TP. Chronic nicotine modifies the effects of morphine on extracellular striatal dopamine and ventral tegmental GABA. J Neurochem 2008; 107:844-54. [PMID: 18786163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that 7-week oral nicotine treatment enhances morphine-induced behaviors and dopaminergic activity in the mouse brain. In this study, we further characterized the nicotine-morphine interaction in the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic systems, as well as in the GABAergic control of these systems. In nicotine-pretreated mice, morphine-induced dopamine release in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens was significantly augmented, as measured by microdialysis. Chronic nicotine treatment did not change basal extracellular concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens, nor did it affect the rate of dopamine synthesis, as assessed by 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine dihydrochloride-induced DOPA accumulation. GABAergic control of dopaminergic activity was studied by measuring extracellular GABA in the presence of nipecotic acid, an inhibitor of GABA uptake. Acute (0.3 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) and chronic nicotine, as well as morphine (15 mg/kg s.c.) in control mice decreased nipecotic acid-induced increase in extracellular GABA in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (VTA/SN). In contrast, in nicotine-treated mice, morphine increased GABA levels in the presence of nipecotic acid. We did not find any alterations in GABA(B)-receptor function after chronic nicotine treatment. Thus, our data show that chronic nicotine treatment sensitizes dopaminergic systems to morphine and affects GABAergic systems in the VTA/SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vihavainen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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28
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Larson MD. Mechanism of opioid-induced pupillary effects. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:1358-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gobbi M, Funicello M, Gerstbrein K, Holy M, Moya PR, Sotomayor R, Forray MI, Gysling K, Paluzzi S, Bonanno G, Reyes-Parada M, Sitte HH, Mennini T. N,N-dimethyl-thioamphetamine and methyl-thioamphetamine, two non-neurotoxic substrates of 5-HT transporters, have scant in vitro efficacy for the induction of transporter-mediated 5-HT release and currents. J Neurochem 2008; 105:1770-80. [PMID: 18248615 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied two non-neurotoxic amphetamine derivatives (methyl-thioamphetamine, MTA and N,N-dimethylMTA, DMMTA) interacting with serotonin (5-HT) transporters (SERTs) with affinities comparable to that of p-Cl-amphetamine (pCA). The rank order for their maximal effects in inducing both [(3)H]5-HT release from rat brain synaptosomes or hSERT-expressing HEK-293 cells, and currents in hSERT-expressing oocytes, was pCA >> MTA > or = DMMTA. A correlation between drug-induced release and currents is also strengthened by the similar bell shape of the dose-response curves. Release experiments indicated that MTA and DMMTA are SERT substrates although MTA is taken up by HEK-293 cells with a V(max) 40% lower than pCA. The weak effects of MTA and DMMTA in vitro might therefore be due to their properties as 'partial substrates' on the mechanisms, other than translocation, responsible for currents and/or release. After either local or systemic in vivo administration, MTA and DMMTA release 5-HT in a manner comparable to pCA. These findings confirm that the neurotoxic properties of some amphetamine derivatives are independent of their 5-HT-releasing activity in vivo. It is worth noting that only those amphetamine derivatives with high efficiency in inducing 5-HT release and currents in vitro have neurotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gobbi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Italy.
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Sotomayor-Zárate R, Dorfman M, Paredes A, Lara HE. Neonatal exposure to estradiol valerate programs ovarian sympathetic innervation and follicular development in the adult rat. Biol Reprod 2007; 78:673-80. [PMID: 18077802 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.063974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A single injection of estradiol valerate (EV) to 14-day-old rats (when the ovarian follicle population has been already established) disrupts cyclicity, increases the activity of key enzymes of androgen biosynthesis, and develops polycystic ovary by a causally related increase in ovarian noradrenaline (NA). The current study examined an early window of ovarian development to look for a specific stage of development at which estradiol can induce such changes in sympathetic activity and follicular development. A single dose of EV applied to rats before the first 12 h of life rapidly increases (after 24 h) the ovarian expression of nerve growth factor (Ngfb) and p75 low-affinity neurotrophic receptor (Ngfr) mRNAs. When adults, rats presented early vaginal opening, disrupted cyclicity, appearance of follicular cyst, absence of corpus luteum, and infertility. Total follicles decreased, mainly due to a reduced number of primordial follicles, suggesting that estradiol acts in the first stages of folliculogenesis, when primordial follicles are organizing. These changes paralleled a 6-fold increase in NA concentration. No changes in NA content were found in the celiac ganglia, suggesting a local, non-centrally mediated effect of estradiol. Surgical section of the superior ovarian nerve (the main source of sympathetic nerves to the ovary) to rats neonatally treated with EV decreased intraovarian NA, delayed vaginal opening, and blocked the development of follicular cyst and that of preovulatory follicles. Therefore, we can conclude that early exposure to estradiol permanently modifies ovarian sympathetic activity and causes profound changes in follicular development, leading to the polycystic ovary condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Laboratory of Neurobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 838-0492, Chile
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31
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McPherson CS, Featherby T, Krstew E, Lawrence AJ. Quantification of Phosphorylated cAMP-Response Element-Binding Protein Expression throughout the Brain of Amphetamine-Sensitized Rats: Activation of Hypothalamic Orexin A-Containing Neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 323:805-12. [PMID: 17878407 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.125732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, using rats, we have examined acute, contextual, and sensitized patterns of activated or phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) expression in parallel, assaying across multiple nuclei that have been implicated in addiction. The paradigm used included a comparison of pretreatment dose of amphetamine upon patterns of cellular activation, following rechallenge. Because efferent orexinergic projections synapse on many targets through the mammalian brain, including mesotelencephalic regions and limbic systems involved in drug reward and reinforcement, we examined for coexpression of pCREB or c-Fos double labeling within orexin A-immunopositive neurons following sensitization. Acute challenge with amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in an increase in the number of pCREB-immunoreactive (-IR) cells within the substantia nigra but a decrease of pCREB-IR cells in the central and medial subnuclei of the amygdala. Contextual re-exposure to the drug treatment environment altered pCREB expression, particularly in the basal ganglia and hypothalamus, although these effects were dictated by pretreatment dose of amphetamine. Sensitization to amphetamine resulted in robust increases in pCREB-IR cell numbers in the basal ganglia and lateral septum of rats that had been pretreated with high-dose (10 mg/kg i.p.) but not low-dose (2 mg/kg i.p.) amphetamine, despite a similar behavioral response. Orexin A-containing cells in the hypothalamus of sensitized rats did not coexpress pCREB; however, these cells double-labeled for c-Fos and orexin A. These data suggest that orexinergic neurons are activated during the expression of behavioral sensitization, although in a heterogenous manner with regard to afferent topologies and functional roles in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S McPherson
- Howard Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Ojanen SP, Palmén M, Hyytiä P, Kiianmaa K. Extracellular glutamate and GABA in the ventral tegmental area of alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats treated repeatedly with morphine. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 559:38-45. [PMID: 17198699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) have been implicated in neuronal plasticity related to behavioral sensitization. In the present study, we examined morphine-induced changes in the extracellular concentrations of glutamate and GABA in the ventral tegmental area in alcohol-preferring Alko Alcohol (AA) and alcohol-avoiding Alko Non-Alcohol (ANA) rats that have previously been shown to differ in morphine-induced sensitization. The rats were given escalating doses (5-20 mg/kg) of morphine every other day for five days. This treatment produced behavioral sensitization to locomotor effects of morphine in AA, but not in ANA rats, when challenged with an additional injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) 10 days later. Morphine also increased the levels of glutamate in the ventral tegmental area only in AA rats, while no significant changes were found in the extracellular concentrations of GABA between the lines. Challenging the morphine-treated AA rats with ethanol (1.5 g/kg) did not modify the levels of glutamate or GABA. No changes in the concentrations of glutamate or GABA were seen in saline-treated AA and ANA rats after morphine challenge. These results render increased glutamate transmission in the ventral tegmental area a potential contributor to the higher susceptibility of AA rats to morphine-induced behavioral and neurochemical effects relative to ANA rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami P Ojanen
- Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, POB 33, 00251 Helsinki, Finland
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Boissy A, Manteuffel G, Jensen MB, Moe RO, Spruijt B, Keeling LJ, Winckler C, Forkman B, Dimitrov I, Langbein J, Bakken M, Veissier I, Aubert A. Assessment of positive emotions in animals to improve their welfare. Physiol Behav 2007; 92:375-97. [PMID: 17428510 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 783] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that good welfare is not simply the absence of negative experiences, but rather is primarily the presence of positive experiences such as pleasure. However scientific investigation of positive emotions has long been neglected. This paper addresses two main issues: first, it reviews the current state of scientific knowledge that supports the existence of positive affective states in animals and, second, it suggests possible applications of this knowledge that may enhance quality of life under animal management conditions. In the first part of the paper, recent advances in psychology and neuroscience are reviewed to provide pragmatic frameworks based on cognitive processes (such as positive anticipation, contrast and controllability) for further investigations of positive emotions in animals. Thereafter, the neurobiological bases of positive emotions are highlighted in order to identify behavioral and physiological expressions of positive experiences in animals. Monitoring both the autonomic nervous system (via heart rate and its variability) and the immune system could offer relevant tools to better assess emotional states in animals, complementary to classical adrenocortical measures. In the second part of the paper, useful strategies for enhancing positive experiences (such as physical, social and cognitive enrichment or putative genetic selection) are outlined. Then this paper emphasizes practical applications for assessing and promoting positive emotions that may help in providing animals with a better quality of life. Play, affiliative behaviors and some vocalizations appear to be the most promising convenient indicators for assessing positive experiences in laboratory and farm animals under commercial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Boissy
- INRA, UR1213 Herbivores, Site de Theix, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Abstract
This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It summarizes papers published during 2005 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity, neurophysiology and transmitter release (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Watson CJ, Lydic R, Baghdoyan HA. Sleep and GABA levels in the oral part of rat pontine reticular formation are decreased by local and systemic administration of morphine. Neuroscience 2006; 144:375-86. [PMID: 17055662 PMCID: PMC2729685 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Morphine, a mu-opioid receptor agonist, is a commonly prescribed treatment for pain. Although highly efficacious, morphine has many unwanted side effects including disruption of sleep and obtundation of wakefulness. One mechanism by which morphine alters sleep and wakefulness may be by modulating GABAergic signaling in brain regions regulating arousal, including the pontine reticular nucleus, oral part (PnO). This study used in vivo microdialysis in unanesthetized Sprague-Dawley rat to test the hypothesis that mu-opioid receptors modulate PnO GABA levels. Validation of the high performance liquid chromatographic technique used to quantify GABA was obtained by dialyzing the PnO (n=4 rats) with the GABA reuptake inhibitor nipecotic acid (500 microM). Nipecotic acid caused a 185+/-20% increase in PnO GABA levels, confirming chromatographic detection of GABA and demonstrating the existence of functional GABA transporters in rat PnO. Morphine caused a concentration-dependent decrease in PnO GABA levels (n=25 rats). Coadministration of morphine (100 microM) with naloxone (1 microM), a mu-opioid receptor antagonist, blocked the morphine-induced decrease in PnO GABA levels (n=5 rats). These results show for the first time that mu-opioid receptors in rat PnO modulate GABA levels. A second group of rats (n=6) was used to test the hypothesis that systemically administered morphine also decreases PnO GABA levels. I.v. morphine caused a significant (P<0.05) decrease (19%) in PnO GABA levels relative to control i.v. infusions of saline. Finally, microinjections followed by 2 h recordings of electroencephalogram and electromyogram tested the hypothesis that PnO morphine administration disrupts sleep (n=8 rats). Morphine significantly (P<0.05) increased the percent of time spent in wakefulness (65%) and significantly (P<0.05) decreased the percent of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (-53%) and non-REM sleep (-69%). The neurochemical and behavioral data suggest that morphine may disrupt sleep, at least in part, by decreasing GABAergic transmission in the PnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Watson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, 7433 Medical Sciences Building I, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0615, USA
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36
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Fuentealba JA, Gysling K, Magendzo K, Andrés ME. Repeated administration of the selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-69593 increases stimulated dopamine extracellular levels in the rat nucleus accumbens. J Neurosci Res 2006; 84:450-9. [PMID: 16676328 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reinforcing properties of drugs of abuse are reduced by the coadministration of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists. This effect is related to the inhibition of dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) produced by the acute administration of KOR agonists. The present study was undertaken to investigate the in vivo effect of the repeated administration of KOR agonist on extracellular DA levels in the NAc. Rats were injected once daily with the selective KOR agonist U-69593 (0.16-0.32 mg/kg) or vehicle for 4 days. Microdialysis studies assessing extracellular concentration of DA in the NAc under basal and K(+)-stimulatory conditions were conducted 1 day later. The microdialysis studies revealed that preexposure to U-69593 had no effect on basal extracellular DA levels but significantly augmented the amount of extracellular DA induced by high K(+) compared with vehicle pretreated rats. The D2 receptor agonist quinpirole perfused through the dialysis probe in the NAc, although it produced a significant decrease on basal and K(+)-stimulated DA levels in control rats, it did not decrease significantly either basal or K(+)-stimulated DA levels in U-69593 preexposed rats. Preexposure to U-69593 did not alter the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase or dopamine transporter in the ventral tegmental area. These results show that repeated administration of U-696593 increases the amount of extracellular DA induced by high K in the NAc, an effect that may be related to decreased D2 autoreceptor function. It is suggested that repeated activation of KOR changes the response status of dopaminergic neurons in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Fuentealba
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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37
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Müller CP, Carey RJ. Intracellular 5-HT2C-receptor dephosphorylation: a new target for treating drug addiction. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27:455-8. [PMID: 16876260 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2C) receptor has received considerable attention as a target for treating drug addiction. 5-HT(2C)-receptor agonism, however, also induces side-effects. In this article, we review recent findings regarding the involvement of 5-HT(2C) receptors in behaviours related to drug addiction in animals. It was recently shown that 5-HT(2C)-receptor agonist effects can be induced intracellularly using the protein peptide Tat-3L4F, which prevents 5-HT(2C)-receptor dephosphorylation induced by phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10. The most promising finding is that Tat-3L4F can selectively reduce the potency of addictive drugs by reducing mesolimbic dopamine transmission without eliciting the side-effects of 5-HT(2C)-receptor agonist treatment, thus highlighting its potential use as a strategy to treat drug addiction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Müller
- Institute of Physiological Psychology I and Center for Biological and Medical Research, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Millan MJ. Multi-target strategies for the improved treatment of depressive states: Conceptual foundations and neuronal substrates, drug discovery and therapeutic application. Pharmacol Ther 2006; 110:135-370. [PMID: 16522330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression frequently accompanies other serious disorders. Currently available drugs display limited efficacy and a pronounced delay to onset of action, and all provoke distressing side effects. Cloning of the human genome has fuelled expectations that symptomatic treatment may soon become more rapid and effective, and that depressive states may ultimately be "prevented" or "cured". In pursuing these objectives, in particular for genome-derived, non-monoaminergic targets, "specificity" of drug actions is often emphasized. That is, priority is afforded to agents that interact exclusively with a single site hypothesized as critically involved in the pathogenesis and/or control of depression. Certain highly selective drugs may prove effective, and they remain indispensable in the experimental (and clinical) evaluation of the significance of novel mechanisms. However, by analogy to other multifactorial disorders, "multi-target" agents may be better adapted to the improved treatment of depressive states. Support for this contention is garnered from a broad palette of observations, ranging from mechanisms of action of adjunctive drug combinations and electroconvulsive therapy to "network theory" analysis of the etiology and management of depressive states. The review also outlines opportunities to be exploited, and challenges to be addressed, in the discovery and characterization of drugs recognizing multiple targets. Finally, a diversity of multi-target strategies is proposed for the more efficacious and rapid control of core and co-morbid symptoms of depression, together with improved tolerance relative to currently available agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Millan
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Centre de Recherches de Croissy, Psychopharmacology Department, 125, Chemin de Ronde, 78290-Croissy/Seine, France.
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