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Krolick KN, Cao J, Gulla EM, Bhardwaj M, Marshall SJ, Zhou EY, Kiss AJ, Choueiry F, Zhu J, Shi H. Subregion-specific transcriptomic profiling of rat brain reveals sex-distinct gene expression impacted by adolescent stress. Neuroscience 2024; 553:19-39. [PMID: 38977070 PMCID: PMC11444371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Stress during adolescence clearly impacts brain development and function. Sex differences in adolescent stress-induced or exacerbated emotional and metabolic vulnerabilities could be due to sex-distinct gene expression in hypothalamic, limbic, and prefrontal brain regions. However, adolescent stress-induced whole-genome expression changes in key subregions of these brain regions were unclear. In this study, female and male adolescent Sprague Dawley rats received one-hour restraint stress daily from postnatal day (PD) 32 to PD44. Corticosterone levels, body weights, food intake, body composition, and circulating adiposity and sex hormones were measured. On PD44, brain and blood samples were collected. Using RNA-sequencing, sex-specific differences in stress-induced differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in subregions of the hypothalamus, limbic system, and prefrontal cortex. Canonical pathways reflected well-known sex-distinct maladies and diseases, substantiating the therapeutic potential of the DE genes found in the current study. Thus, we proposed specific sex distinct, adolescent stress-induced transcriptional changes found in the current study as examples of the molecular bases for sex differences witnessed in stress induced or exacerbated emotional and metabolic disorders. Future behavioral studies and single-cell studies are warranted to test the implications of the DE genes identified in this study in sex-distinct stress-induced susceptibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingyi Cao
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Evelyn M Gulla
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Meeta Bhardwaj
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | | | - Ethan Y Zhou
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Andor J Kiss
- Center for Bioinformatics & Functional Genomics, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
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Miller CN, Li Y, Beier KT, Aoto J. Acute stress causes sex-dependent changes to ventral subiculum synapses, circuitry, and anxiety-like behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.02.606264. [PMID: 39131353 PMCID: PMC11312572 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.02.606264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Experiencing a single severe stressor is sufficient to drive sexually dimorphic psychiatric disease development. The ventral subiculum (vSUB) emerges as a site where stress may induce sexually dimorphic adaptations due to its sex-specific organization and pivotal role in stress integration. Using a 1-hr acute restraint stress model, we uncover that stress causes a net decrease in vSUB activity in females that is potent, long-lasting, and driven by adrenergic receptor signaling. By contrast, males exhibit a net increase in vSUB activity that is transient and driven by corticosterone signaling. We further identified sex-dependent changes in vSUB output to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and in anxiety-like behavior in response to stress. These findings reveal striking changes in psychiatric disease-relevant brain regions and behavior following stress with sex-, cell-type, and synapse-specificity that contribute to our understanding of sex-dependent adaptations that may shape stress-related psychiatric disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley N Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 92697
| | - Kevin T Beier
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 92697
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 92697
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 92697
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA 92697
| | - Jason Aoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Zabik NL, Blackford JU. Sex and sobriety: Human brain structure and function in AUD abstinence. Alcohol 2024; 121:33-44. [PMID: 39069211 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Women are drinking alcohol as much as men for the first time in history. Women experience more health-related consequences from alcohol use disorder (AUD), like increased prevalence of alcohol-related cancers, faster progression of alcohol-related liver disease, and greater risk for relapse compared to men. Thus, sex differences in chronic alcohol use pose a substantial public health problem. Despite these evident sex differences, our understanding of how these differences present during alcohol abstinence is limited. Investigations of brain structure and function are therefore critical for disentangling factors that lead to sex differences in AUD abstinence. This review will discuss current human neuroimaging data on sex differences in alcohol abstinence, focusing on structural and functional brain measures. Current structural imaging literature reveals that abstinent men have smaller gray and white matter volume and weaker structural connectivity compared to control men. Interestingly, abstinent women do not show differences in brain structure when compared to controls; instead, abstinent women show a relation between alcohol use and decreased measures of brain structure. Current functional brain studies reveal that abstinent men exhibit greater brain activation and stronger task-based functional connectivity to aversive stimuli than control men, while abstinent women exhibit lesser brain activation and weaker task-based functional connectivity than control women. Together, the current literature suggests that sex differences persist well into alcohol abstinence and impact brain structure and function differently. Understanding how men and women differ during alcohol abstinence can improve our understanding of sex-specific effects of alcohol, which will be critical to augment treatment methods to better serve women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Zabik
- Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Shang Z, Liu N, Ouyang H, Cai X, Yan W, Wang J, Zhan J, Jia Y, Xing C, Huang L, Wu L, Liu W. Sex-based differences in brain morphometry under chronic stress: A pilot MRI study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30354. [PMID: 38726160 PMCID: PMC11079087 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sex-based differences are known to be a significant feature of chronic stress; however, the morphological mechanisms of the brain underlying these differences remain unclear. The present study aimed to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate the effects of sex on gray matter volume (GMV) changes under conditions of chronic stress. Methods A total of 32 subjects were included for analysis in the present study: 16 participants experiencing chronic stress and 16 healthy controls. T1-weighted (T1WI) images from a 3 T MRI scanner were extracted from the OpenfMRI database. Images were segmented into gray matter using VBM analysis. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a 2 × 2 full factorial design was used to evaluate the main and interaction effects of chronic stress and sex on GMV changes, and then post hoc testing was used to verify each simple effect. Results Two-way ANOVA showed a chronic stress × sex interaction effect on GMV. Simple effects analysis indicated that the GMV of the bilateral pre- and post-central gyri, the right cuneus and superior occipital gyrus was decreased in males, whereas that of the bilateral pre- and post-central gyri, the right superior occipital gyrus and the left middle frontal gyrus and orbital middle frontal gyrus was increased in females, under chronic stress. Additionally, in the control group, the GMV of the bilateral pre- and post-central gyri, the right cuneus and superior occipital gyrus was greater in males than females. While in the chronic stress group, the above sex-based differences were no longer significant. Conclusions This study preliminarily shows that there are significant differences in gray matter volume changes between males and females under chronic stress. These findings provide a basis for future studies investigating the volumetric mechanisms of sex differences under chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Shang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Nianqi Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Educational Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaojie Cai
- Department of Radiology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingye Zhan
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yanpu Jia
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenqi Xing
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lijun Huang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Radoman M, Fogelman N, Lacadie C, Seo D, Sinha R. Neural Correlates of Stress and Alcohol Cue-Induced Alcohol Craving and of Future Heavy Drinking: Evidence of Sex Differences. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:412-422. [PMID: 38706332 PMCID: PMC11117176 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress and alcohol cue reactivity are associated with poor treatment outcomes in alcohol use disorder (AUD), but sex-specific neural correlates of stress and alcohol cue-induced craving compared with neutral cue-induced craving and of heavy drinking outcomes in AUD have not been examined. Thus, this study prospectively examined these associations and assessed sex differences. METHODS Treatment-seeking adults with AUD (N=77; 46 men and 31 women) completed a functional MRI task involving stress, alcohol, and neutral cue exposure with repeated assessments of alcohol craving. Most of these participants (N=72; 43 men and 29 women) then participated in an 8-week standardized behavioral AUD treatment program, during which the percentage of heavy drinking days was assessed. RESULTS Significant increases in both stress and alcohol cue-induced craving relative to neutral cue-induced craving were observed, with a greater alcohol-neutral contrast in craving relative to the stress-neutral contrast among men and equivalent stress-neutral and alcohol-neutral contrasts in craving among women. Whole-brain voxel-based regression analyses showed craving-associated hyperactivation in the neutral condition, but hypoactive prefrontal (ventromedial and lateral prefrontal, supplementary motor, and anterior cingulate regions) and striatal responses during exposure to stressful images (stress-neutral contrast) and alcohol cues (alcohol-neutral contrast), with significant sex differences. Additionally, a higher percentage of heavy drinking days was associated with hypoactivation of the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the stress-neutral contrast among women, hyperactivation of the hypothalamus in the stress-neutral contrast among men, and hyperactivation of the hippocampus in the alcohol-neutral contrast among men. CONCLUSIONS Sex differences in stress- and alcohol cue-induced responses in the cortico-striatal-limbic network related to subjective alcohol craving and to heavy drinking indicated that distinct brain circuits underlie alcohol use outcomes in women and men. These findings underscore the need for sex-specific therapeutics to address this neural dysfunction effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Radoman
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Stress Center, 2 Church Street South, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Nia Fogelman
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Stress Center, 2 Church Street South, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Cheryl Lacadie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, 800 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Dongju Seo
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Stress Center, 2 Church Street South, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Stress Center, 2 Church Street South, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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6
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Chaudhary S, Wong HK, Chen Y, Zhang S, Li CSR. Sex differences in the effects of individual anxiety state on regional responses to negative emotional scenes. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:15. [PMID: 38351045 PMCID: PMC10863151 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men and women are known to show differences in the incidence and clinical manifestations of mood and anxiety disorders. Many imaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of sex differences in emotion processing. However, it remains unclear how anxiety might impact emotion processing differently in men and women. METHOD We recruited 119 healthy adults and assessed their levels of anxiety using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) State score. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined regional responses to negative vs. neutral (Neg-Neu) picture matching in the Hariri task. Behavioral data were analyzed using regression and repeated-measures analysis of covariance with age as a covariate, and fMRI data were analyzed using a full-factorial model with sex as a factor and age as a covariate. RESULTS Men and women did not differ in STAI score, or accuracy rate or reaction time (RT) (Neg-Neu). However, STAI scores correlated positively with RT (Neg-Neu) in women but not in men. Additionally, in women, STAI score correlated positively with lingual gyrus (LG) and negatively with medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activity during Neg vs. Neu trials. The parameter estimates (βs) of mPFC also correlated with RT (Neg-Neu) in women but not in men. Generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis in women revealed mPFC connectivity with the right inferior frontal gyrus, right SFG, and left parahippocampal gyrus during Neg vs. Neu trials in positive correlation with both STAI score and RT (Neg-Neu). In a mediation analysis, mPFC gPPI but not mPFC activity fully mediated the association between STAI scores and RT (Neg-Neu). CONCLUSION With anxiety affecting the behavioral and neural responses to negative emotions in women but not in men and considering the known roles of the mPFC in emotion regulation, we discussed heightened sensitivity and regulatory demands during negative emotion processing as neurobehavioral markers of anxiety in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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7
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Rakotobe M, Fjerdingstad N, Ruiz-Reig N, Lamonerie T, D'Autréaux F. Central role of the habenulo-interpeduncular system in the neurodevelopmental basis of susceptibility and resilience to anxiety in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106392. [PMID: 38145853 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Having experienced stress during sensitive periods of brain development strongly influences how individuals cope with later stress. Some are prone to develop anxiety or depression, while others appear resilient. The as-yet-unknown mechanisms underlying these differences may lie in how genes and environmental stress interact to shape the circuits that control emotions. Here, we investigated the role of the habenulo-interpeduncular system (HIPS), a critical node in reward circuits, in early stress-induced anxiety in mice. We found that habenular and IPN components characterized by the expression of Otx2 are synaptically connected and particularly sensitive to chronic stress (CS) during the peripubertal period. Stress-induced peripubertal activation of this HIPS subcircuit elicits both HIPS hypersensitivity to later stress and susceptibility to develop anxiety. We also show that HIPS silencing through conditional Otx2 knockout counteracts these effects of stress. Together, these results demonstrate that a genetic factor, Otx2, and stress interact during the peripubertal period to shape the stress sensitivity of the HIPS, which is shown to be a key modulator of susceptibility or resilience to develop anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malalaniaina Rakotobe
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Niels Fjerdingstad
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Nuria Ruiz-Reig
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Thomas Lamonerie
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Fabien D'Autréaux
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 06108 Nice, France. Fabien.D'
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Yıldırım B, Kırarslan Karagoz O, Tekeli Simsek A, Koca C, Cicek MF. Associations between self-reported bruxism, sleep quality, and psychological status among dental students in Turkey. Cranio 2024; 42:63-68. [PMID: 33794756 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2021.1909458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess sleep quality among dental students and to identify psychological factors associated with self-reported sleep bruxism (SB). METHODS A total of 212 dentistry students from the Usak University Faculty of Dentistry participated in this study. A self-report questionnaire was administered to identify possible SB. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was administered to evaluate psychological factors, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality. RESULTS Possible SB was more frequently observed in females than in males. The mean DASS-21 score in those with possible SB was significantly higher than in those without SB (p< 0.001). The mean PSQI (total) score was also significantly higher in those with possible SB than in those without SB (5.0 ± 2.4) (p= 0.007). CONCLUSION The findings revealed that psychological factors and sleep quality significantly affected the prevalence of self-reported SB among dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengisu Yıldırım
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | | | - Aysıla Tekeli Simsek
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Cansu Koca
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Fatih Cicek
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
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Jimenez-Morcillo J, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Gender Differences in Body Satisfaction Perception: The Role of Nutritional Habits, Psychological Traits, and Physical Activity in a Strength-Training Population. Nutrients 2023; 16:104. [PMID: 38201935 PMCID: PMC10781077 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine gender disparities in body satisfaction perception, emphasizing the influence of nutritional habits, psychometric assessments, levels of physical activity, and health-related metrics. Employing a sample of 605 strength-trained participants (385 males and 224 females), aged between 20 and 35 years, and regularly engaged in strength training, we conducted a thorough analysis using Google Forms. We evaluated variables including age, anthropometric data, resistance training frequency, food consumption patterns, and psychological profiles. Our findings indicate significant gender-based differences in body satisfaction perception. Females tend to overestimate their muscular size and express heightened concern regarding gluteal shape, while males exhibit a more realistic self-perception, primarily focused on hip width. Dietary patterns also display gender-specific tendencies; females prefer healthier options like vegetables, whereas males consume more milk, fermented products, and carbohydrates. Hydration practices diverge as well, with females showing higher water intake in contrast to males' preference for alcoholic and carbonated beverages. Psychologically, males demonstrate greater extroversion, while females exhibit higher conscientiousness, openness, and a tendency toward negative thoughts and anxiety. Regarding physical activity, females engage in training sessions with greater volume compared to males. This study highlights the intricate interplay of social, cultural, and personal factors shaping gender-specific perceptions of body satisfaction and their subsequent impact on health and lifestyle choices. These insights pave the way for future specialized interventions and research, underscoring the importance of understanding gender-specific nuances to promote healthy body satisfaction and self-perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Jimenez-Morcillo
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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10
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Chaudhary S, Wong HK, Chen Y, Zhang S, Li CSR. Sex differences in the effects of individual anxiety state on regional responses to negative emotional scenes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3701951. [PMID: 38196586 PMCID: PMC10775373 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3701951/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Men and women are known to show differences in the incidence and clinical manifestations of mood and anxiety disorders. Many imaging studies have investigated the neural correlates of sex differences in emotion processing. However, it remains unclear how anxiety might impact emotion processing differently in men and women. Method We recruited 119 healthy adults and assessed their levels of anxiety using State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) State score. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined regional responses to negative vs. neutral (Neg-Neu) picture matching in the Hariri task. Behavioral data were analyzed using regression and repeated-measures analysis of covariance with age as a covariate, and fMRI data were analyzed using a full-factorial model with sex as a factor and age as a covariate. Results Men and women did not differ in STAI score, or accuracy rate or reaction time (RT) (Neg-Neu). However, STAI scores correlated positively with RT (Neg-Neu) in women but not in men. Additionally, in women, STAI score correlated positively with lingual gyrus (LG) and negatively with medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and superior frontal gyrus (SFG) activity during Neg vs. Neu trials. The parameter estimates (β's) of mPFC also correlated with RT (Neg-Neu) in women but not in men. Generalized psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analysis in women revealed mPFC connectivity with the right inferior frontal gyrus, right SFG, and left parahippocampal gyrus during Neg vs. Neu trials in positive correlation with both STAI score and RT (Neg-Neu). In a mediation analysis, mPFC gPPI but not mPFC activity fully mediated the association between STAI scores and RT (Neg-Neu). Conclusion With anxiety affecting the behavioral and neural responses to negative emotions in women but not in men and considering the known roles of the mPFC in emotion regulation, we discussed heightened sensitivity and regulatory demands during negative emotion processing as neurobehavioral markers of anxiety in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yu Chen
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
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11
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Kapellou A, King A, Graham CAM, Pilic L, Mavrommatis Y. Genetics of caffeine and brain-related outcomes - a systematic review of observational studies and randomized trials. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1571-1598. [PMID: 37029915 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Although the stimulant and anxiogenic properties of caffeine are widely accepted, research on its specific effects on the brain remains controversial. Growing evidence shows that interindividual differences in caffeine response may be partly due to variations in genes such as CYP1A2 and ADORA2A, which have been used to identify individuals as "fast" or "slow" caffeine metabolizers and as having a "high" or "low" caffeine sensitivity, respectively. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to identify, evaluate, and discuss current evidence on the associations between common genetic variants, caffeine consumption, and brain-related outcomes in humans. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant reports based on a predetermined search strategy. DATA EXTRACTION Reports of observational and experimental studies on healthy adults who underwent (a) genetic analysis for polymorphisms in genes associated with caffeine metabolism and effects and (b) measurements of brain-related effects such as anxiety, insomnia, and cognitive performance associated with the consumption of caffeine (habitual intake or supplementation) were included. DATA ANALYSIS Of the 22 records included, 15 were randomized controlled trials, 6 were cross-sectional studies, and 1 was a genome-wide association study. The main outcomes identified were cognitive performance (n = 9), anxiety (n = 7), and sleep disturbance/insomnia (n = 6). Polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 gene were associated with cognitive function, while variations in the ADORA2A gene were associated with anxiety and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION The present review has provided evidence that variability in the CYP1A2 and the ADORA2A genes may modulate the association between caffeine and brain-related outcomes. Future studies are warranted to investigate the specific polymorphisms implicated in each brain outcome, which cognitive functions are particularly related to caffeine (simple vs complex), whether there are gender differences in anxiety effects, and how habitual caffeine intake may influence the acute effects of caffeine. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021257556.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Kapellou
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science (SAHPS), St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra King
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science (SAHPS), St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A M Graham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CEFIR), Cereneo Foundation, Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Leta Pilic
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science (SAHPS), St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Yiannis Mavrommatis
- Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science (SAHPS), St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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12
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Henze GI, Konzok J, Kudielka BM, Wüst S, Nichols TE, Kreuzpointner L. Associations between cortisol stress responses and limbic volume and thickness in young adults: An exploratory study. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:3962-3980. [PMID: 37806665 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of the relationship between neural measures of limbic structures and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis responses to acute stress exposure in healthy young adults has so far focused in particular on task-based and resting state functional connectivity studies. Thus, the present study examined the association between limbic volume and thickness measures and acute cortisol responses to the psychosocial stress paradigm ScanSTRESS. Using Permutation Analysis of Linear Models controlling for sex, age and total brain volume, the associations between (sex-specific) cortisol increases and human connectome project style anatomical variables of limbic structures (i.e. volume and thickness) were investigated in 66 healthy and young (18-33 years) subjects (35 men, 31 women taking oral contraceptives). In addition, exploratory (sex-specific) bivariate correlations between cortisol increases and structural measures were conducted. The present data provide interesting new insights into the involvement of striato-limbic structures in psychosocial stress processing, suggesting that acute cortisol stress responses are also associated with mere structural measures of the human brain. Thus, our preliminary findings suggest that not only situation- and context-dependent reactions of the limbic system (i.e. blood oxygenation level-dependent reactions) are related to acute (sex-specific) cortisol stress responses but also basal and somewhat more constant structural measures. Our study hereby paves the way for further analyses in this context and highlights the relevance of the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina-Isabelle Henze
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Research Division of Mind and Brain, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julian Konzok
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Wüst
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Frasier RM, De Oliveira Sergio T, Starski PA, Grippo AJ, Hopf FW. Heart rate variability measures indicating sex differences in autonomic regulation during anxiety-like behavior in rats. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1244389. [PMID: 38025424 PMCID: PMC10644002 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1244389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health conditions remain a substantial and costly challenge to society, especially in women since they have nearly twice the prevalence of anxiety disorders. However, critical mechanisms underlying sex differences remain incompletely understood. Measures of cardiac function, including heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV), reflect balance between sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) systems and are potential biomarkers for pathological states. Methods To better understand sex differences in anxiety-related autonomic mechanisms, we examined HR/HRV telemetry in food-restricted adult rats during novelty suppression of feeding (NSF), with conflict between food under bright light in the arena center. To assess HRV, we calculated the SDNN (reflective of both SNS and PNS contribution) and rMSSD (reflective of PNS contribution) and compared these metrics to behaviors within the anxiety task. Results Females had greater HR and lower SNS indicators at baseline, as in humans. Further, females (but not males) with higher basal HR carried this state into NSF, delaying first approach to center. In contrast, males with lower SNS measures approached and spent more time in the brightly-lit center. Further, females with lower SNS indicators consumed significantly more food. In males, a high-SNS subpopulation consumed no food. Among consumers, males with greater SNS ate more food. Discussion Together, these are congruent with human findings suggesting women engage PNS more, and men SNS more. Our previous behavior-only work also observed female differences from males during initial movement and food intake. Thus, high basal SNS in females reduced behavior early in NSF, while subsequent reduced SNS allowed greater food intake. In males, lower SNS increased engagement with arena center, but greater SNS predicted higher consumption. Our findings show novel and likely clinically relevant sex differences in HRV-behavior relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raizel M. Frasier
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Phillip A. Starski
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Angela J. Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, United States
| | - F. Woodward Hopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Mokwena KE, Madiga MC. Prevalence and severity of anxiety symptoms among family members of nyaope users in Tshwane, South Africa. Health SA 2023; 28:2083. [PMID: 38633910 PMCID: PMC11022502 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v28i0.2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nyaope is a strongly addictive novel psychoactive substance that is commonly used in predominantly black townships in South Africa. The undesired behaviours of the users result in family members developing mental health challenges. Nyaope users often commit petty crimes, including stealing from families and neighbours. Aim The aim of this study was to quantify anxiety symptoms among family members of nyaope users in Tshwane, South Africa. Setting Data were collected from nine townships within Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. Methods The quantitative cross-sectional survey used the General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) tool to quantify anxiety symptoms, and a questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data from a sample of 390 participants. Results The ages of the participants ranged from 18 years to 87 years, with a mean of 47 years. The mothers to the nyaope users were the biggest group at 35% (n = 138). The prevalence of anxiety symptoms was 73% (n = 286) of the total sample and ranged from mild (41.8, n = 163), moderate (14.62, n = 57) and severe (16.92%, n = 66). The Pearson chi-square test identified significant associations between anxiety symptoms and the gender of the participant (p = 0.001), the age of the nyaope user and the period of nyaope use (p = 0.008). Multivariate regression model indicated gender and place of residence as a significant variable in the development of anxiety symptoms (p = 0.01). Conclusion Nyaope use is a risk factor for the development of anxiety for family members of nyaope users with the highest proportion reporting mild symptoms. Contribution There is a need to develop interventions for mental health support for families of nyaope users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebogile E Mokwena
- Department of Public Health, School of Healthcare Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Maphuti C Madiga
- Department of Public Health, School of Healthcare Sciences, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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15
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Khan SIR, Aljammaz G, Alosail LA, Almeshrafi A, Ramachandran A, Siddeeqh S, Alfadley A. Psychological Stress as a Determinant of Increased Maximum Voluntary Bite Force - A Clinical Observational Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46106. [PMID: 37900472 PMCID: PMC10611984 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological stress is a known risk factor and modulator for several oral diseases. It is among the critical etiological factors of bruxism and several other disorders. The quantum of bite force is one of the prime determinants of wear resistance and the clinical performance of restorations. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between the maximum voluntary bite force (MVBF) and the amount of perceived stress experienced by an individual. Materials and methods Patients (n=111) fulfilling the exclusion and inclusion criteria were divided into high, medium, and low-stress groups based on their stress scores deduced from the Perceived Stress Scale questionnaire (PSS). Bite force measurement was recorded in Newtons (N) for each subject using a portable customized bite recording FlexiForce sensor (B 201). The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and independent samples t-test. Results Among the females, the bite force in the medium and high-stress groups was greater compared to the low-stress level group. On the other hand, there was no difference in bite force between any of the stress level groups among male participants. Conclusion The results show that higher MVBF is associated with higher perceived stress scores in adult females. Practical Implications Psychological counseling can be included in the dental treatment plan of individuals with a high-stress score to counteract their stress-related higher occlusal forces, parafunctional jaw movements, and risky oral health behaviors, thereby potentially reducing the incidence of adverse outcomes such as temporomandibular joint dysfunction and restoration failure by careful choice of restorative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulthan Ibrahim R Khan
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Ghaida Aljammaz
- Endodontics, King Abdulaziz Medical City - National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Lama A Alosail
- Periodontics, King Abdulaziz Medical City - National Guard Health Affairs, Riaydh, SAU
| | - Azzam Almeshrafi
- Periodontics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Anupama Ramachandran
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Salman Siddeeqh
- Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abdulmohsen Alfadley
- Endodontics, Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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Ulrich M, Pollali E, Çalışkan G, Stork O, Albrecht A. Sex differences in anxiety and threat avoidance in GAD65 knock-out mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 183:106165. [PMID: 37230180 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders have been linked to a disbalance of excitation and inhibition in a network of brain structures comprising frontal cortical regions, the amygdala and the hippocampus, among others. Recent imaging studies suggest sex differences in the activation of this anxiety network during the processing of emotional information. Rodent models with genetically altered ϒ-amino butyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission allow studying the neuronal basis of such activation shifts and their relation to anxiety endophenotypes, but to date sex effects have rarely been addressed. Using mice with a null mutation of the GABA synthetizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65-/-), we started to compare anxiety-like behavior and avoidance in male vs. female GAD65-/- mice and their wildtype littermates. In an open field, female GAD65-/- mice displayed increased activity, while male GAD65-/- mice showed an increased adaptation of anxiety-like behavior over time. GAD65-/- mice of both sexes had a higher preference for social interaction partners, which was further heightened in male mice. In male mice higher escape responses were observed during an active avoidance task. Together, female mice showed more stable emotional responses despite GAD65 deficiency. To gain insights into interneuron function in network structures controlling anxiety and threat perception, fast oscillations (10-45 Hz) were measured in ex vivo slice preparations of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). GAD65-/- mice of both sexes displayed increased gamma power in the ACC and a higher density of PV-positive interneurons, which are crucial for generating such rhythmic activity. In addition, GAD65-/- mice had lower numbers of somatostatin-positive interneurons in the basolateral amygdala and in the dorsal dentate gyrus especially in male mice, two key regions important for anxiety and active avoidance responses. Our data suggest sex differences in the configuration of GABAergic interneurons in a cortico-amygdala-hippocampal network controlling network activity patterns, anxiety and threat avoidance behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ulrich
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Evangelia Pollali
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gürsel Çalışkan
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Research Group "Synapto-Oscillopathies", Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver Stork
- Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
| | - Anne Albrecht
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on adaptive and maladaptive brain Circuits underlying mental health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
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Al-Ezzi A, Kamel N, Al-Shargabi AA, Al-Shargie F, Al-Shargabi A, Yahya N, Al-Hiyali MI. Machine learning for the detection of social anxiety disorder using effective connectivity and graph theory measures. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1155812. [PMID: 37255678 PMCID: PMC10226190 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1155812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The early diagnosis and classification of social anxiety disorder (SAD) are crucial clinical support tasks for medical practitioners in designing patient treatment programs to better supervise the progression and development of SAD. This paper proposes an effective method to classify the severity of SAD into different grading (severe, moderate, mild, and control) by using the patterns of brain information flow with their corresponding graphical networks. Methods We quantified the directed information flow using partial directed coherence (PDC) and the topological networks by graph theory measures at four frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta). The PDC assesses the causal interactions between neuronal units of the brain network. Besides, the graph theory of the complex network identifies the topological structure of the network. Resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded for 66 patients with different severities of SAD (22 severe, 22 moderate, and 22 mild) and 22 demographically matched healthy controls (HC). Results PDC results have found significant differences between SAD groups and HCs in theta and alpha frequency bands (p < 0.05). Severe and moderate SAD groups have shown greater enhanced information flow than mild and HC groups in all frequency bands. Furthermore, the PDC and graph theory features have been used to discriminate three classes of SAD from HCs using several machine learning classifiers. In comparison to the features obtained by PDC, graph theory network features combined with PDC have achieved maximum classification performance with accuracy (92.78%), sensitivity (95.25%), and specificity (94.12%) using Support Vector Machine (SVM). Discussion Based on the results, it can be concluded that the combination of graph theory features and PDC values may be considered an effective tool for SAD identification. Our outcomes may provide new insights into developing biomarkers for SAD diagnosis based on topological brain networks and machine learning algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakim Al-Ezzi
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nidal Kamel
- College of Engineering and Computer Science, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Amal A. Al-Shargabi
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares Al-Shargie
- Faculty of Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa Al-Shargabi
- Department of Information Technology, Universiti Teknlogi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Norashikin Yahya
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Isam Al-Hiyali
- Centre for Intelligent Signal & Imaging Research (CISIR), Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
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18
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Reda B, Lobbezoo F, Contardo L, El-Outa A, Moro L, Pollis M, Aarab G, Manfredini D. Prevalence of oral behaviours in general dental patients attending a university clinic in Italy. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:370-375. [PMID: 36718600 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral behaviors represent a diverse array of habits beyond the physiological behaviors of the stomatognathic system. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of different oral behaviors, as reported with the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC-21), in a convenience sample of patients attending an Italian university clinic for routine dental cares. METHODS In this study, charts of adult patients presenting to the dental department of a regional hospital in Trieste, Italy, from January 2018 and January 2019 were reviewed. Patients with complete files were retrieved, and those with orofacial pain complaints were excluded. OBC-21 scores and grades (score of 0 corresponding to no risk, 1-24 to low risk, and higher than 24 to high risk) were analyzed and stratified according to age and sex. RESULTS Data from a total of 1424 patients were reported. The overall mean OBC score was 13.3 ± 9.9, with 6.7% no-risk grade, 79.6% low-risk grade, and 13.7% high-risk grade. In general, mean OBC scores decreased with increasing age. Females showed a higher frequency of high-risk grade than males. Most frequent prevalent habits included yawning (73.1%), eating between meals (66.9%) and chewing food on one side only (63.3%). Other behaviors were also highly prevalent, including pressing, touching, or holding teeth together other than while eating (52.7%) and awake clenching (47.5%). CONCLUSION A low-risk grade of oral behaviors has been found to be frequent in our sample. Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings in larger, representative general populations and to assess if any of these habits are linked to negative effects on the stomatognathic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bachar Reda
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Contardo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Abbass El-Outa
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Luca Moro
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Pollis
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, School of Dentistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ghizlane Aarab
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniele Manfredini
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, School of Dentistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Kuhn L, Noack H, Wagels L, Prothmann A, Schulik A, Aydin E, Nieratschker V, Derntl B, Habel U. Sex-dependent multimodal response profiles to psychosocial stress. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:583-596. [PMID: 35238348 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex differences in stress reactions are often reported in the literature. However, the sex-dependent interplay of different facets of stress is still not fully understood. Particularly in neuroimaging research, studies on large samples combining different indicators of stress remain scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, a sample of 140 healthy participants (67 females using oral contraceptives) underwent a standardized stress induction protocol, the ScanSTRESS. During the experiment, salivary cortisol and subjective ratings were obtained at multiple time points and heart rate was recorded. RESULTS Sex differences emerged in different facets of the stress response:Women reacted with enhanced subjective feelings of stress and increases in heart rate, while men showed more pronounced neural activation in stress-related brain regions such as the inferior frontal gyrus and insula. Subjective feelings of stress and (para) hippocampal activity were negatively related in women,whereas a slightly positive association was observed in men. DISCUSSION These results provide further insight in the sex-specific stress response patterns. Moreover, they emphasize the role of the hippocampus in the regulation of the stress response. This paves the way for the identification of sex-dependent vulnerability factors that can, in the future, be implemented in the prevention and treatment of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraβe 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannes Noack
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraβe 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Wagels
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraβe 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straβe, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Anna Prothmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraβe 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Schulik
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraβe 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ece Aydin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, (Haus B), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraβe 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Derntl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Calwerstraβe 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 25, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Lead Research Network, University of Tübingen, Europastraβe 6, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraβe 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA-Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10), Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straβe, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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20
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Dark HE, Harnett NG, Hurst DR, Wheelock MD, Wood KH, Goodman AM, Mrug S, Elliott MN, Emery ST, Schuster MA, Knight DC. Sex-related differences in violence exposure, neural reactivity to threat, and mental health. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:2221-2229. [PMID: 36030316 PMCID: PMC9630543 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, and amygdala play an important role in emotional health. However, adverse life events (e.g., violence exposure) affect the function of these brain regions, which may lead to disorders such as depression and anxiety. Depression and anxiety disproportionately affect women compared to men, and this disparity may reflect sex differences in the neural processes that underlie emotion expression and regulation. The present study investigated sex differences in the relationship between violence exposure and the neural processes that underlie emotion regulation. In the present study, 200 participants completed a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure in which cued and non-cued threats (i.e., unconditioned stimuli) were presented during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Violence exposure was previously assessed at four separate time points when participants were 11-19 years of age. Significant threat type (cued versus non-cued) × sex and sex × violence exposure interactions were observed. Specifically, women and men differed in amygdala and parahippocampal gyrus reactivity to cued versus non-cued threat. Further, dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) reactivity to threat varied positively with violence exposure among women, but not men. Similarly, threat-elicited skin conductance responses varied positively with violence exposure among women. Finally, women reported greater depression and anxiety symptoms than men. These findings suggest that sex differences in threat-related brain and psychophysiological activity may have implications for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Dark
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle R Hurst
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Muriah D Wheelock
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kimberly H Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Samford University, Homewood, AL, USA
| | - Adam M Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Susan Tortolero Emery
- Texas Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark A Schuster
- Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David C Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Wu L, Ding F, Zhang T, He H, Wang J, Pan Y, Zhang D. Psychological suzhi moderates state anxiety and heart rate responses to acute stress in male adolescents. Stress Health 2022; 38:581-590. [PMID: 34890476 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychological suzhi has increasingly been recognized to buffer chronic stress and improve mental health. However, few studies have examined the role of psychological suzhi in the response to acute stress. The current study aimed to investigate whether psychological suzhi can buffer state anxiety and heart rate responses to acute stress in adolescents. Healthy male adolescents (N = 63) were classified into high (N = 30) or low (N = 33) psychological suzhi groups based on the Chinese norm of adolescent psychological suzhi scale-simplified version. They completed both the modified Trier Social Stress Test for Groups and a specific control condition, with heart rate and state anxiety assessed. Data were analysed with mixed-design repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that the modified Trier Social Stress Test for Groups condition effectively induced an increase in state anxiety and heart rate. Furthermore, individuals with higher levels of psychological suzhi showed lower state anxiety and heart rate stress responses. The present study indicated that psychological suzhi is an important internal resource against acute stress, which may inform interventions for male adolescents exposed to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wu
- Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyuan Ding
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Sichuan Xinhe Yunhai Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua He
- Shenzhen Liannan Primary School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Sixty-sixth Middle School, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangu Pan
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Zhang X, Sasmal S, Yu M, Bernardo B, Adeyanju T, Paskett ED. The Association of Socioeconomic Status, the Concern for Catching Covid-19, and Anxiety Between Individuals with and without a Cancer History from a Cross-sectional Study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.07.26.22278080. [PMID: 35923318 PMCID: PMC9347286 DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.26.22278080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 has negative impacts on mental health in all populations. Individuals with a history of cancer have an increased risk of catching and having more severe symptoms of COVID-19 than the general public. The objective of this study was to examine how cancer history and concern for catching COVID-19 relate to anxiety. Methods This cross-sectional study is part of the "Impact of COVID-19 on Behaviors across the Cancer Control Continuum in Ohio" project conducted from June to November 2020. The sample consisted of 7012 participants who completed survey online, by phone, or by mail. Self-reported concern for catching COVID-19 and anxiety over the last 7 days were used. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to determine the association between demographics, cancer history, concern for catching COVID-19, and anxiety. Results In our study sample, most participants rated their concern for catching COVID-19 as moderately high or high (56%) and reported anxiety for one day or more (63%). Individuals with a cancer history were more likely to report moderate-high or high concern for catching COVID-19 (59% vs.54%, P<0.001) but less likely to report anxiety (58% vs. 67%, P<0.001) compared to those without a cancer history. Individuals with higher SES were less likely to report anxiety (middle vs. low SES: OR=0.68, 95%CI=0.59-0.79; high vs. low SES: OR=0.70, 95%CI=0.61-0.82). Additionally, increased concern for catching COVID-19 was associated with higher likelihood of reporting anxiety (moderate-low vs. low: OR=1.65, 95%CI=1.42-1.92; moderate-high vs. low: OR=2.98, 95%CI=2.53-3.50; high vs. low: OR=4.35, 95%CI=3.74-5.07). Conclusions Our findings suggest individuals with a cancer history reported higher concern for catching COVID-19. Higher concern for catching COVID was associated with anxiety. These findings indicate that healthcare providers should pay special attention to the different populations to reduce concerns for catching COVID-19 and provide strategies to improve mental health during a pandemic outbreak. Funding This study was supported by a supplement to The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC) core support grant ( P30 CA016058), and the OSUCCC The Recruitment, Intervention and Survey Shared Resource (RISSR)(P30 CA016058).The Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science grant support (National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Grant UL1TR001070) in publications relating to this project. This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute (F99CA253745 to X.Z.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Mengda Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University
| | | | | | - Electra D. Paskett
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
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23
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Li F, Chen C, Wang J, Peng H, Wu L, Ren L, Song L, Jin Y, Yang Q. A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis on Marital Satisfaction of Chinese Couples. Front Psychol 2022; 13:903276. [PMID: 35846664 PMCID: PMC9277475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.903276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the changing trend of Chinese couples' marital satisfaction and its relationship with social changes. Methods A cross-temporal meta-analysis was performed on 118 original studies (n = 31,909) reporting marital satisfaction of Chinese couples from 1994 to 2020, primarily using correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results (1) Overall, the marital satisfaction of Chinese couples showed a downward trend over time. (2) Men's marital satisfaction displayed almost no change, while women's marital satisfaction had a more obvious downward trend. (3) Changes in macrosocial factors (per capita consumption expenditure, housing prices, old-age dependency ratio, and divorce rate) could significantly predict the downward trend of marital satisfaction, especially for women. Conclusion In the past 27 years, the overall marital satisfaction level of Chinese couples has shown a downward trend, and there are gendered differences, which may be related to changes in the socioeconomic and cultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhan Li
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Xi'an, China
| | - Jinrui Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Haiyun Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Ren
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Xi'an, China
| | - Yinchuan Jin
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Xi'an, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Qun Yang
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24
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Handa RJ, Sheng JA, Castellanos EA, Templeton HN, McGivern RF. Sex Differences in Acute Neuroendocrine Responses to Stressors in Rodents and Humans. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a039081. [PMID: 35667789 PMCID: PMC9438783 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to acute stress occur in both animals and humans. In rodents, stressors such as restraint and novelty induce a greater activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) in females compared to males. The nature of this difference arises from steroid actions during development (organizational effects) and adulthood (activational effects). Androgens decrease HPA stress responsivity to acute stress, while estradiol increases it. Androgenic down-regulation of HPA responsiveness is mediated by the binding of testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to the androgen receptor, as well as the binding of the DHT metabolite, 3β-diol, to the β form of the estrogen receptor (ERβ). Estradiol binding to the α form of the estrogen receptor (ERα) increases HPA responsivity. Studies of human sex differences are relatively few and generally employ a psychosocial paradigm to measure stress-related HPA activation. Men consistently show greater HPA reactivity than women when being evaluated for achievement. Some studies have found greater reactivity in women when being evaluated for social performance. The pattern is inconsistent with rodent studies but may involve the differential nature of the stressors employed. Psychosocial stress is nonphysical and invokes a significant degree of top-down processing that is not easily comparable to the types of stressors employed in rodents. Gender identity may also be a factor based on recent work showing that it influences the neural processing of positive and negative emotional stimuli independent of genetic sex. Comparing different types of stressors and how they interact with gender identity and genetic sex will provide a better understanding of sex steroid influences on stress-related HPA reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Handa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Julietta A Sheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Emily A Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Hayley N Templeton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Robert F McGivern
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92120, USA
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25
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Dong D, Belleau EL, Ironside M, Zhong X, Sun X, Xiong G, Cheng C, Li C, Wang X, Yao S, Pizzagalli DA. Distinct stress-related medial prefrontal cortex activation in women with depression with and without childhood maltreatment. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:296-306. [PMID: 35072959 PMCID: PMC9063172 DOI: 10.1002/da.23243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has highlighted the moderating effect of childhood maltreatment (CM) in shaping neurobiological abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, whether neural mechanisms underlying stress sensitivity in MDD are affected by the history of CM is unclear. METHODS Two hundred and thirteen medication-free female participants were recruited for a functional magnetic resonance imaging study assessing the effects of psychosocial stress on neural responses. The Montreal Imaging Stress Task was administrated to 44 female MDD patients with CM (MDD/CM), 32 female MDD patients without CM (MDD/noCM), 43 female healthy controls (HCs) with CM (HC/CM), and 94 female HCs without CM (HC/noCM). A CM (CM, noCM) × diagnosis (MDD, HC) whole-brain voxel-wise analysis was run to assess putative group differences in neural stress responses. RESULTS A significant CM × Diagnosis interaction emerged in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Bonferroni-corrected simple effects analysis clarified that (1) the MDD/CM group had less mPFC deactivation than the HC/CM group, (2) the MDD/noCM group exhibited greater mPFC deactivation than the HC/noCM group, and (3) the MDD/CM group exhibited less mPFC deactivation relative to the MDD/noCM group. In addition, the mPFC-seed psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that individuals in the CM groups had significantly greater stress-related mPFC-left superior frontal gyrus and mPFC-right posterior cerebellum connectivity relative to the noCM groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight distinct neural abnormalities in MDD depending on prior CM history, particularly potentiated stress-related mPFC recruitment among MDD individuals reporting CM. Moreover, CM history was generally associated with the disruption in functional connectivity centered on the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daifeng Dong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Emily L. Belleau
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Ironside
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ge Xiong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Chuting Li
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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26
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Wang YJ, Li X, Ng CH, Xu DW, Hu S, Yuan TF. Risk factors for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents: A meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 46:101350. [PMID: 35330803 PMCID: PMC8938878 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents is a significant mental health problem around the world. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically delineate the risk factors for NSSI. METHOD We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane for relevant articles and abstracts published prior to 12 November 2021. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confident intervals (CIs) were used to assess various risk factors, and publication bias was assessed by Egger's test, the trim and fill method and meta-regression. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021265885. RESULTS A total of 25 articles were eventually included in the analysis. Eighty risk factors were identified and classified into 7 categories: mental disorders (ORs, 1·89; 95% CI, 1·60-2·24), bullying (ORs, 1·98; 95% CI, 1·32-2·95), low health literacy (ORs, 2·20; 95% CI, 1·63-2·96), problem behaviours (ORs, 2·36; 95% CI, 2·00-2·77), adverse childhood experiences (ORs, 2·49; 95% CI, 1·85-3.34), physical symptoms (ORs, 2·85; 95% CI, 1·36-5·97) and the female gender (ORs, 2·89; 95% CI, 2·43-3·43). The range of heterogeneity (I2) was from 20·3% to 99·2%. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis found that mental disorders, low health literacy, adverse childhood experiences, bullying, problem behaviours, the female gender and physical symptoms appear to be risk factors for NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Xi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, SA
| | - Dong-Wu Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Corresponding author at: The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders’ Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author at: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Uccella S, Mongelli F, Majno-Hurst P, Pavan LJ, Uccella S, Zoia C, Uccella L. Psychological Impact of the Very Early Beginning of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Healthcare Workers: A Bayesian Study on the Italian and Swiss Perspectives. Front Public Health 2022; 10:768036. [PMID: 35400074 PMCID: PMC8987285 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.768036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the COVID19-related psychological impact on healthcare workers in Italy and in Italian-speaking regions of Switzerland, three weeks after its outbreak. All professional groups of public hospitals in Italy and Switzerland were asked to complete a 38 questions online survey investigating demographic, marital and working status, presence of stress symptoms and need for psychological support. Results Within 38 h a total of 3,038 responses were collected. The subgroup analysis identified specific categories at risk according to age, type of work and region of origin. Critical care workers, in particular females, reported an increased number of working hours, decline in confidence in the future, presence of stress symptoms and need for psychological support. Respondents reporting stress symptoms and those with children declared a higher need for psychological support. Conclusions The large number of participants in such a short time indicates for a high interest on topic among health-care workers. The COVID19 outbreak has been experienced as a repeated trauma for many health-care professionals, especially among female nurses' categories. Early evidence of the need of implementating short and long-term measures to mitigate impact of the emotional burden of COVID-19 pandemic are still relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Uccella
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Neonatology Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Mongelli
- Surgery and Emergency Department, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Majno-Hurst
- Surgery and Emergency Department, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Luca Jacopo Pavan
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Stefano Uccella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata (AOUI) Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cesare Zoia
- Neurosurgery Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Uccella
- Surgery and Emergency Department, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
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Caffeine Intake and Its Sex-Specific Association with General Anxiety: A Cross-Sectional Analysis among General Population Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061242. [PMID: 35334898 PMCID: PMC8951500 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive stimulants worldwide. It has been suggested that caffeine intake at large doses can induce anxiety, whereas evidence of the role of low to moderate caffeine intake is scarce and inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between caffeine intake and general anxiety in adults recruited from the general population. (2) Methods: Participants from the French NutriNet-Santé web cohort with data on caffeine intake and general anxiety (assessed during 2013−2016 through the trait subscale of Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y; STAI-T, sex-specific top quartile = high trait anxiety) were included in this cross-sectional analysis (n = 24,197; 74.1% women; mean age = 53.7 ± 13.9 years). Mean dietary intake was estimated using ≥2 self-reported 24-h dietary records. Sex-specific tertiles of caffeine intake and low/high trait anxiety were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between caffeine intake and general anxiety by sex. (3) Results: In the total sample, the mean caffeine intake (mg/day) from all dietary sources combined was 220.6 ± 165.0 (women = 212.4 ± 159.6; men = 243.8 ± 177.7, p < 0.01). Women in the highest tertile of caffeine intake showed significantly higher odds for high trait anxiety compared to those in the lowest tertile (reference), even after adjustment for potential confounders (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03−1.23). No significant associations were detected among men. Sensitivity analyses according to perceived stress level and sugar intake, respectively, showed similar results. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that higher caffeine intake is associated with higher odds of general anxiety among women but not among men. Further research is needed to confirm the sex-specific findings and elucidate the potential causal relationship between caffeine intake and anxiety status.
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29
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Prevalence of Moderate to Severe Anxiety Symptoms among Patients with Myocardial Infarction: a Meta-Analysis. Psychiatr Q 2022; 93:161-180. [PMID: 34013389 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study attempted to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety symptoms among myocardial infarction (MI) patients to offer a reliable and accurate estimate on the number of MI patients suffering from moderate to severe anxiety symptoms. Comprehensive electronic searches (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science) were performed from their inception to February 2021. Between-study heterogeneity was analyzed using the Cochran's Q test and [Formula: see text] statistic, and if it was high across the eligible studies, meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias and the robustness of the pooled results were also examined. A total of 18 eligible studies covering 8,532 MI patients were included, of which 3,443 were identified with moderate to severe anxiety symptoms. Between-study heterogeneity was high ([Formula: see text]=98.8%) with the reported prevalence ranging from 9.6% to 69.17%, and the pooled prevalence was 38.08% (95% confidence interval: 28.82-47.81%) by a random-effects model. Meta-regression analyses indicated that publication year (β = -0.014) was significant moderators contributing 16.11% to the heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses indicated that studies using the anxiety subscale of Brief Symptom Inventory to assess anxiety were homogenous ([Formula: see text]=0.0). Furthermore, the pooled prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety symptoms varied significantly by geographic region, instrument used to assess anxiety, methodological quality, sex, education level, a history of previous MI and hypercholesterolemia. Additionally, the results of Egger's linear test (t = -0.630) and Begg's rank test (z = -0.190) indicated no evidence of publication bias, and the sensitivity of the pooled results was low. Nearly two fifth of MI patients suffered from moderate to severe anxiety symptoms, which emphasizes the importance of early identification of anxiety symptoms after MI, as well as the need of implementing psychological interventions for those with elevated anxiety symptoms.
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Ishola IO, Olubodun-Obadun TG, Bakre OA, Ojo ES, Adeyemi OO. Kolaviron ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced anxiety and depression: involvement of the HPA axis, antioxidant defense system, cholinergic, and BDNF signaling. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2022; 37:277-287. [PMID: 35218172 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the beneficial effect of kolaviron (KV) (a biflavonoid) isolated from Garcinia kola seed on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. METHODS Male albino mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=8) as follows; Group I: vehicle-control unstressed; Group II: CUMS-control; Group III-V: CUMS + KV 1, 5 or 50 mg/kg, respectively, Group VI: KV (50 mg/kg, p.o.) unstressed mice. Animals were subjected to CUMS for 14 days, followed by estimation of depressive- and anxiety-like behavior from days 14-16. This was followed by biochemical assays for oxidative stress, hypothalamo-pituitary axis, cholinergic, and BDNF signaling. RESULTS CUMS caused significant reduction in time spent in open arms of elevated plus maze test (EPM) and increase in immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) ameliorated by KV treatments. KV administration also attenuated CUMS-induced malondialdehyde/nitrite generation and decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. CUMS increased serum corticosterone, acetylcholinesterase activity, and reduced BDNF level in the PFC and hippocampus were attenuated by KV administration. CONCLUSIONS KV prevented CUMS induced anxiety- and depression-like behavior in mice through enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms, neurotrophic factors, and cholinergic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,African Centre of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo G Olubodun-Obadun
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwasayo A Bakre
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel S Ojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.,African Centre of Excellence for Drug Research, Herbal Medicine Development and Regulatory Science, Lagos, Nigeria
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Sex-specific neural responses to acute psychosocial stress in depression. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:2. [PMID: 35013110 PMCID: PMC8748634 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by increased stress sensitivity. Emerging findings in healthy adults suggest that stress responses within limbic/striatal-prefrontal regions are moderated by sex and unfold over time. Thus, we hypothesized that stress response abnormalities in MDD might be affected by sex and stress exposure time. The Montreal Imaging Stress Task was administered to 124 unmedicated patients with first-episode MDD (76 females) and 243 healthy controls (HC; 137 females) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Based on prior studies, amygdala, hippocampus, medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) were selected as a priori regions of interest. In a complementary approach, we probed the effects of stress on the frontoparietal network (FPN) and a network including the amygdala, NAc and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Across groups, males exhibited higher dlPFC activity and right FPN amplitude than females. Relative to female HCs, the female MDD group had less deactivation in limbic/striatal regions (amygdala, NAc, hippocampus, Amygdala-NAc-ACC network). Furthermore, unlike female HCs, the female MDD group failed to show a significant increase of deactivation over stress exposure time in the amygdala, mOFC and NAc. Our findings confirm the importance of considering sex differences when investigating neural stress responses. Case-control differences in neural stress responses observed in females (but not males) provide insights into sex differences in the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. The failure to deactivate limbic/NAc regions in depressed females point to dysfunction of adaptive stress responses over stress exposure time.
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Pushkarev GS, Matskeplishvili ST, Kuznetsov VA, Guskova OA, Enina TN. Association between anxiety and mortality in patients with congestive heart failure after implantation of cardiac electronic devices. J Psychosom Res 2021; 152:110686. [PMID: 34864238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies suggest that psychological factors including anxiety are associated with negative outcomes and in particular higher mortality rates among heart failure (HF) patients. However, the impact of anxiety on mortality in patients with implanted cardiac devices has not been fully appreciated. The aim of this study was to assess the association between state (SA) and trait (TA) anxiety and all-cause mortality in patients with HF after cardiac electronic devices implantation. METHODS The monocentric prospective study enrolled 265 patients (215 men and 50 women) aged 23 to 84 years (mean age 57.1 ± 10.0), who received cardiac resynchronization therapy or cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Mean duration of prospective follow-up was 62.3 ± 36.6 months. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to measure anxiety symptoms. Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression model was used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS During the prospective follow-up period, 45 (17.0%) patients died due to all causes. According to quantitative analysis, HR for death used for SA scale was 1.04 (95% CI 1.00-1.07, p = 0.07) and for the TA scale 1.02 (95% CI 0.99-1.05, p = 0.21). Analysis of categorical indicators found statistically significant higher HR of mortality in patients with severe SA (2.35, 95% CI 1.17-4.71, p = 0.02), and TA (2.02, 95% CI 1.04-3.94, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION High levels of SA and TA was significantly and independently associated with a high risk of all-cause mortality in patients, who underwent implantation of cardiac electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiy S Pushkarev
- State Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Tyumen Region: Multidisciplinary Consultative and Diagnostic Center, Tyumen, Russia.
| | | | - Vadim A Kuznetsov
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A Guskova
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana N Enina
- Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
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Sannes AC, Christensen JO, Nielsen MB, Gjerstad J. The association between abusive supervision and anxiety in female employees is stronger in carriers of the CRHR1 TAT haplotype. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Udeh-Momoh C, Watermeyer T. Female specific risk factors for the development of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and cognitive impairment: Call for a precision medicine approach. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101459. [PMID: 34508876 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) includes a long asymptomatic stage, which precedes the formal diagnosis of dementia. AD biomarker models provide a framework for precision medicine approaches during this stage. However, such approaches have ignored the possible influence of sex on cognition and brain health, despite female sex noted as a major risk factor. Since AD-related changes may emerge in midlife, intervention efforts are being redirected around this period. Midlife coincides with several endocrinological changes, such as the menopausal transition experienced by women. In this narrative review, we discuss evidence for sex-differences in AD neuropathological burden and outline key endocrinological mechanisms for both sexes, focussing on hormonal events throughout the lifespan that may influence female susceptibility to AD neuropathology and dementia onset. We further consider common non-modifiable (genetic) and modifiable (lifestyle and health) risk factors, highlighting possible sex-dependent differential effects for the AD disease course. Finally, we evaluate the studies selected for this review demonstrating sex-differences in cognitive, pathological and health factors, summarising the state of sex differences in AD risk factors. We further provide recommendations for targeted research on female-specific risk factors, to inform personalised strategies for AD-prevention and the promotion of female brain health.
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López-Ojeda W, Hurley RA. Sexual Dimorphism in Brain Development: Influence on Affective Disorders. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 33:A485-89. [PMID: 34018811 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo López-Ojeda
- The Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley). The Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (López-Ojeda) and Psychiatry and Radiology (Hurley), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C.; and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
| | - Robin A Hurley
- The Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, and the Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley). The Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (López-Ojeda) and Psychiatry and Radiology (Hurley), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C.; and the Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
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Better living through understanding the insula: Why subregions can make all the difference. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108765. [PMID: 34461066 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insula function is considered critical for many motivated behaviors, with proposed functions ranging from attention, behavioral control, emotional regulation, goal-directed and aversion-resistant responding. Further, the insula is implicated in many neuropsychiatric conditions including substance abuse. More recently, multiple insula subregions have been distinguished based on anatomy, connectivity, and functional contributions. Generally, posterior insula is thought to encode more somatosensory inputs, which integrate with limbic/emotional information in middle insula, that in turn integrate with cognitive processes in anterior insula. Together, these regions provide rapid interoceptive information about the current or predicted situation, facilitating autonomic recruitment and quick, flexible action. Here, we seek to create a robust foundation from which to understand potential subregion differences, and provide direction for future studies. We address subregion differences across humans and rodents, so that the latter's mechanistic interventions can best mesh with clinical relevance of human conditions. We first consider the insula's suggested roles in humans, then compare subregional studies, and finally describe rodent work. One primary goal is to encourage precision in describing insula subregions, since imprecision (e.g. including both posterior and anterior studies when describing insula work) does a disservice to a larger understanding of insula contributions. Additionally, we note that specific task details can greatly impact recruitment of various subregions, requiring care and nuance in design and interpretation of studies. Nonetheless, the central ethological importance of the insula makes continued research to uncover mechanistic, mood, and behavioral contributions of paramount importance and interest. This article is part of the special Issue on 'Neurocircuitry Modulating Drug and Alcohol Abuse'.
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The Benefits of Music Listening for Induced State Anxiety: Behavioral and Physiological Evidence. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11101332. [PMID: 34679397 PMCID: PMC8533701 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some clinical studies have indicated that neutral and happy music may relieve state anxiety. However, the brain mechanisms by which these effective interventions in music impact state anxiety remain unknown. METHODS In this study, we selected music with clinical effects for therapy, and 62 subjects were included using the evoked anxiety paradigm. After evoking anxiety with a visual stimulus, all subjects were randomly divided into three groups (listening to happy music, neutral music and a blank stimulus), and EEG signals were acquired. RESULTS We found that different emotional types of music might have different mechanisms in state anxiety interventions. Neutral music had the effect of alleviating state anxiety. The brain mechanisms supported that neutral music ameliorating state anxiety was associated with decreased power spectral density of the occipital lobe and increased brain functional connectivity between the occipital lobe and frontal lobe. Happy music also had the effect of alleviating state anxiety, and the brain mechanism was associated with enhanced brain functional connectivity between the occipital lobe and right temporal lobe. CONCLUSIONS This study may be important for a deep understanding of the mechanisms associated with state anxiety music interventions and may further contribute to future clinical treatment using nonpharmaceutical interventions.
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Juliatte TDPR, Costa PD, Canaan JDR, Fonseca DC, Serra-Negra JM, Andrade EF, Castelo PM, Pereira LJ. Circadian preference and its relationship with possible sleep and awake bruxism in adults assisted by the public health system. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:68-76. [PMID: 34517733 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1973487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Modern lifestyle and social demands induce changes in sleep routines that may not meet individual circadian preferences (chronotype). Such changes may be associated with the development of unhealthy lifestyles and the emergence of diseases relevant to public health services, such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, as well as sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB). The present study aimed to assess the relationship between the evening, morning or intermediate chronotypes with the report of possible SB and AB in adult individuals assisted by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The selection of participants was performed through probabilistic cluster analysis. The sample size (n = 384) was calculated to include a representative sample of the 52,628 adults registered in the FHS of a countryside city located in the Southeast Region of Brazil. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to determine the chronotype, and Questionnaire-Based Self-Reported Bruxism was used for identifying possible SB and AB. The following clinical and social-behavioral variables were also evaluated: age, sex, BMI, income, physical activity, schooling, alcohol consumption and smoking, chronic diseases and depression. Two logistic regression models were used: one for SB and one for AB. Possible SB was associated with female sex, lack of physical activity and income above 2 minimum wages. Regarding chronotype, a 19% reduction in the chance of possible SB was observed in morning individuals compared to evening individuals (p = .017). Possible AB was associated with younger individuals, smoking and depression. In conclusion, compared with the evening circadian preference, the morning circadian preference was associated with greater protection against possible SB in an adult population assisted by the FHS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal De São Paulo (Unifesp), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Luciano José Pereira
- Health Sciences Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras (Ufla), Lavras, Brazil
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Gębska M, Kołodziej Ł, Dalewski B, Pałka Ł, Sobolewska E. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Stress Levels and Occurrence of Stomatoghnatic System Disorders (SSDs) among Physiotherapy Students in Poland. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3872. [PMID: 34501318 PMCID: PMC8432109 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is a quantitative analysis examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the occurrence of stress and stomatognathic system disorders (SSDs) among students of physiotherapy. OBJECTIVE To assess stress severity, strategies of coping with stress and the presence of type D personality among physiotherapy students including those with symptoms of stomatognathic system disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The research was conducted from October to December 2020 on a sample of 188 students of physiotherapy. The data were collected using a survey form related to the occurrence of SS disorders symptoms and standardized psychological questionnaires, such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-10, Mini-Cope, and the type-D Scale (DS14), developed for the purpose of this study. RESULTS Women experiencing at least one of the SS disorder-related symptoms were characterized by a significantly higher level of stress and a type D personality (p < 0.05). Among men, these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). On the basis of the strategies of coping with stress, i.e., positive self-reevaluation, discharging and blaming oneself, and taking psychoactive substances, it is possible to predict the intensity of stress during the pandemic in the group of the examined students. Among the reported symptoms of SS, headache was a significant predictor of stress, which was accompanied by an increase in the intensity of stress by nearly 0.2 measurement points. Students with higher levels of stress showed more symptoms of type D personality, and those with more severe symptoms of SS showed higher levels of stress. CONCLUSIONS People prone to stress and having type D personality traits should be assessed for the presence of SS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gębska
- Department of Rehabilitation Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Łukasz Kołodziej
- Department of Rehabilitation Musculoskeletal System, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (M.G.); (Ł.K.)
| | - Bartosz Dalewski
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (E.S.)
| | | | - Ewa Sobolewska
- Department of Dental Prosthetics, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (E.S.)
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Imagery of negative interpersonal experiences influence the neural mechanisms of social interaction. Neuropsychologia 2021; 160:107923. [PMID: 34175371 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Negative interpersonal experiences are a key contributor to psychiatric disorders. While previous research has shown that negative interpersonal experiences influence social cognition, less is known about the effects on participation in social interactions and the underlying neurobiology. To address this, we developed a new naturalistic version of a gaze-contingent paradigm using real video sequences of gaze behaviour that respond to the participants' gaze in real-time in order to create a believable and continuous interactive social situation. Additionally, participants listened to two autobiographical audio-scripts that guided them to imagine a recent stressful and a relaxing situation and performed the gaze-based social interaction task before and after the presentation of either the stressful or the relaxing audio-script. Our results demonstrate that the social interaction task robustly recruits brain areas with known involvement in social cognition, namely the medial prefrontal cortex, bilateral temporoparietal junction, superior temporal sulcus as well as the precuneus. Imagery of negative interpersonal experiences compared to relaxing imagery led to a prolonged change in affective state and to increased brain responses during the subsequent social interaction paradigm in the temporoparietal junction, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and inferior frontal gyrus. Taken together this study presents a new naturalistic social interaction paradigm suitable to study the neural mechanisms of social interaction and the results demonstrate that the imagery of negative interpersonal experiences affects social interaction on neural levels.
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Orrù G, Bertelloni D, Diolaiuti F, Conversano C, Ciacchini R, Gemignani A. A Psychometric Examination of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Fear of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Scale in the Italian Population. Front Psychol 2021; 12:669384. [PMID: 34220641 PMCID: PMC8249697 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused not only significant physical health problems but also mental health disorders. Anxiety and fear appear to be the main psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19. The aim of this study was to investigate whether anxiety and fear related to COVID-19 are influenced by sociodemographics and whether specific conditions, such as positivity for COVID-19 or death among relatives and friends, can further enhance these symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, 697 Italians responded to an online survey assessing sociodemographic information, the presence/absence of positive cases, or deaths due to COVID-19 among relatives or acquaintances. The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCS-19S) were administered in order to assess the levels of anxiety and fear associated with COVID-19. The data were collected in November 2020. Anxiety and fear scores were positively correlated. Both male and female subjects with higher CAS scores also displayed higher FCS-19S scores. The CAS and FCS-19S scores tended to increase with age, with older subjects exhibiting higher scores than younger subjects. Additionally, respondents with lower educational levels demonstrated higher scores on both the CAS and FCS-19S. Similarly, respondents living with older people and/or experiencing the death of one or more relatives due to COVID-19 exhibited corresponding outcomes. This study demonstrates how the levels of anxiety and fear, measured by CAS and FCS-19S associated with COVID-19, are influenced by gender, age, cohabitation status, educational levels, and the presence of positive cases or deaths due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Orrù
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Bertelloni
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Diolaiuti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ciacchini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Xie X, Zhu K, Xue Q, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Wu H, Wan Z, Zhang J, Meng H, Zhu B, Song R. Problematic Internet Use Was Associated With Psychological Problems Among University Students During COVID-19 Outbreak in China. Front Public Health 2021; 9:675380. [PMID: 34211954 PMCID: PMC8239128 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.675380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic progressed globally, school closures and home quarantine may cause an increase in problematic Internet use among students in universities. Such a traumatic stress event may also contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depressive, and anxiety symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of PTSD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms as well as the predictive role of problematic Internet use in the above-mentioned psychological problems in university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through an online survey of 8,879 students in China between April 20 and April 26, 2020. The presence of PTSD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms and problematic Internet use were evaluated using PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 9-item scale, the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale, and the Young diagnostic questionnaire, respectively. Sociodemographic information and the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward COVID-19 data were also collected. Results: A total of 4,834 (54.4%) participants were female, and 7,564 (85.2%) were undergraduate students. A total of 615 students (6.9%) reported PTSD symptoms; 5.2% (465) and 10.1% (896) reported moderate to severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The problematic Internet use was significantly associated with higher risk of PTSD, depressive, and anxiety symptoms (odds ratio 2.662 [95% CI, 2.239-3.165], odds ratio 4.582 [95% CI, 3.753-5.611], odds ratio 3.251 [95% CI, 2.814-3.757], respectively; all P < 0.001). Lower attitude and practice scores also contributed to the risk of depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Psychological problems should be paid more attention, and problematic Internet use may be a predictor when screening high-risk students for psychological problems. Our results will aid in timely psychological screening, which is meaningful in the prevention and intervention of psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiheng Zhu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Xue
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Heng Meng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and MOE (Ministry of Education) Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hardayati YA, Mustikasari, Panjaitan RU. The effects of thought stopping on anxiety levels in adolescents living in earthquake-prone areas. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2021. [PMID: 33849208 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to determine the effect of thought-stopping therapy on anxiety levels in adolescents living in earthquake-prone areas. This study used quasi-experiment pre-post test with control group, conducted in one of the earthquake-prone areas city in East Java. 112 respondents (the control and the intervention group) were included in the research. Both groups received nursing intervention. In addition to the nursing intervention, the intervention group was asked to use thought-stopping techniques. The HAM-A questionnaire was used to determine anxiety levels. A significant decrease in anxiety in both the control and intervention groups was demonstrated in the present study after the intervention. The intervention group experienced a decrease in the anxiety rating of 5.54, compared to the corresponding decrease in the control group of 2.79. Nursing intervention and thought-stopping are recommended as effective in reducing anxiety in adolescents living in earthquake-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunita Astriani Hardayati
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia; Sint Carolus School of Health Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mustikasari
- Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.
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Kirarslan Karagoz O, Yildirim B, Tekeli Simsek A, Koca CG, Igneci M. Possible sleep and awake bruxism, chronotype profile and TMD symptoms among Turkish dental students. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1367-1374. [PMID: 34039225 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1931279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that an individual's chronotype profile has an effect on the performance of work or study tasks. Dental students have to cope with both academic and clinical workloads, and the latter requires extra concentration. The first aim was to evaluate the association of sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) with sleep related items, temporomandibular disorder (TMD) complaints, and chronotype profile; the second aim was to evaluate the association between complaints of TMD and chronotype profile among dental students. The present cross-sectional descriptive study involved 218 dental students whose ages ranged between 18 and 30 years. In order to gather data, students were required to respond to a questionnaire, which aimed to evaluate possible SB and possible AB occurrence and demographics, sleep-related items and complaints of TMD. For the assessment of the chronotype profile, the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) was used. The chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and t-test analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with SB, AB and chronotype profile. The frequency of self-reported SB was 25.2% and AB was 28.9%. The prevalence in the eveningness profile who reported possible AB was 45.3%, while it was 24.2% in intermediate individuals and 18.8% in the morningness profile. An association was also found between possible AB and eveningness chronotype profile (p = .009). No association was found between other temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and noise and chronotype profiles (p > .05). An association was found between possible AB and eveningness chronotype profile but no association was found between possible SB and chronotype profile. Moreover, complaint of TMD (face, head, neck pain) was observed particularly in students with an eveningness profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bengisu Yildirim
- Usak University, Dentistry Faculty, Department of Prosthodontics, Usak, Turkey
| | | | - Cansu Gul Koca
- Dentistry Faculty,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usak University, Dentistry Faculty, Usak, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Igneci
- Dentistry Faculty,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usak University, Dentistry Faculty, Usak, Turkey
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45
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Henze GI, Konzok J, Kreuzpointner L, Bärtl C, Giglberger M, Peter H, Streit F, Kudielka BM, Kirsch P, Wüst S. Sex-Specific Interaction Between Cortisol and Striato-Limbic Responses to Psychosocial Stress. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:972-984. [PMID: 33961049 PMCID: PMC8421693 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although women and men differ in psychological and endocrine stress responses as well as in the prevalence rates of stress-related disorders, knowledge on sex differences regarding stress regulation in the brain is scarce. Therefore, we performed an in-depth analysis of data from 67 healthy participants (31 women, taking oral contraceptives), who were exposed to the ScanSTRESS paradigm in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Changes in cortisol, affect, heart rate and neural activation in response to psychosocial stress were examined in women and men as well as potential sex-specific interactions between stress response domains. Stress exposure led to significant cortisol increases, with men exhibiting higher levels than women. Depending on sex, cortisol elevations were differently associated with stress-related responses in striato-limbic structures: higher increases were associated with activations in men but with deactivations in women. Regarding affect or heart rate responses, no sex differences emerged. Although women and men differ in their overall stress reactivity, our findings do not support the idea of distinct neural networks as the base of this difference. Instead, we found differential stress reactions for women and men in identical structures. We propose considering quantitative predictors such as sex-specific cortisol increases when exploring neural response differences of women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Konzok
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Bärtl
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Giglberger
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Peter
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Peter Kirsch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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46
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Hu M, Helfenbein K, Buchberger AR, DeLaney K, Liu Y, Li L. Exploring the Sexual Dimorphism of Crustacean Neuropeptide Expression Using Callinectes sapidus as a Model Organism. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2739-2750. [PMID: 33872031 PMCID: PMC8106671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of numerous diseases has been linked to differences in sex between organisms, including various neurological diseases. As neuropeptides are known to be key players in the nervous system, studying the variation of neuropeptidomic profiles between males and females in a crustacean model organism is of interest. By using high-resolution mass spectrometry with two complementary ionization sources in conjunction with quantitative chemical labeling (isotopic reductive dimethylation), differences were observed in five key neural tissues and hemolymph. Interestingly, while males and females possess numerous neuropeptide isoforms that are unique to their sex, the represented families of each sex remain largely consistent. However, some differences in familial isoforms were also observed, such as the relative numbers of neuropeptides belonging to RFamide and allatostatin A-type families. Additionally, >100 neuropeptides detected across five neural tissues and hemolymph were found to have statistically significant differences in abundance between male and female blue crab samples. Also, hundreds of putative peptide sequences were identified by de novo sequencing that may be indicative of previously undiscovered neuropeptides, highlighting the power of using a multifaceted MS approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhou Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kylie Helfenbein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Amanda R. Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705
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47
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Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xu Y, Cai L, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Du H, Li R, Kang L, Zheng H, Liu Z, Zhang B. Gender differences in mental health problems of healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:393-400. [PMID: 33765451 PMCID: PMC7962932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed both physical and psychological burdens on healthcare workers (HCWs). What is more, few studies have focused on the gender differences in mental health problems (MHPs) among HCWs during such an outbreak. Thus, the current study investigated the prevalence and gender differences of various MHPs among HCWs in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. This nationwide survey was conducted online from January 29 to February 3, 2020. General information was collected by questions about socio-demographics, work-related factors, and living situations. Depressive, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and the Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. Among the 2198 contacted HCWs, 1563 (71.1%) responded with valid data, of whom 1293 (82.7%) were females. The prevalences of depressive, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms in participants were 50.7%, 44.7%, 52.5%, and 36.1%, respectively. Female HCWs had significantly higher scores in all four scales (p < 0.001) and higher prevalences in all MHPs involved (range, odds ratio [OR] 1.55-1.97). After adjusting for potential confounders, female HCWs still had higher risks for all MHPs involved than males (range, adjusted OR 1.36-1.96). HCWs present high prevalences of depressive, anxiety, stress, and insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, female HCWs are more vulnerable to all MHPs involved. These findings highlight the need for timely, special care and support for HCWs during the outbreak, especially for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China,The Third People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Lidan Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China
| | - Simeng Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongxiang Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Jingmen No. 2 People's Hospital, Jingmen, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijun Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huirong Zheng
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Affiliated School of Medicine of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongchun Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, China.
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48
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Cléophat JE, Simon P, Chiniara G, St-Pierre L, Ahossi E, Dogba MJ, Chénier C, Dubuc É, Landry C, Vonarx N, Pilote B. How anxious were Quebec healthcare professionals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic? A web-based cross-sectional survey. Work 2021; 70:701-712. [PMID: 34719462 PMCID: PMC8673505 DOI: 10.3233/wor-210525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may cause significant anxiety among healthcare professionals (HCPs). COVID-19-related psychological impacts on HCPs in Western countries have received relatively little attention. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the levels of anxiety in HCPs working in the province of Quebec (Canada) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and identify factors associated with changes in anxiety scores. METHODS An exploratory online cross-sectional survey was conducted among Quebec HCPs from April to July 2020. The Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to measure state anxiety among HCPs. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 426 HCPs completed the survey. Anxiety scores ranged from 20 to 75 points, with 80 being the highest possible value on the STAI scale. Being a female HCP [B = 5.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.49-9.3] and declaring having the intention to avoid caring for patients with COVID-19 (B = 3.75, 95% CI: 1.29-6.22) were associated with increased anxiety scores. Having more years of experience was associated with decreased anxiety scores [B = -0.2, 95% CI: -0.32-(-0.08)]. CONCLUSION Organizational strategies aimed at preventing and relieving anxiety should target junior female HCPs who express the intention to avoid caring for patients with COVID-19. Seniority could become an important criterion in selecting frontline HCPs during pandemics. Further studies are needed to comprehensively examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Canadian HCPs and identify evidence-based coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Simon
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Gilles Chiniara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Liette St-Pierre
- Department of Nursing, Quebec University in Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Eusèbe Ahossi
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Maman Joyce Dogba
- Department of Family Medicine and EmergencyMedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Éric Dubuc
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Landry
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Vonarx
- Faculty of Nursing, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Pilote
- Faculty of Nursing, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Research Centerfor Sustainable Health, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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49
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Busacchio D, Mazzocco K, Gandini S, Pricolo P, Masiero M, Summers PE, Pravettoni G, Petralia G. Preliminary observations regarding the expectations, acceptability and satisfaction of whole-body MRI in self-referring asymptomatic subjects. Br J Radiol 2020; 94:20191031. [PMID: 33237810 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20191031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the satisfaction of asymptomatic subjects who self-referring Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WB-MRI) for early cancer diagnosis. METHODS Subjects completed a pre-examination questionnaire, while waiting for their WB-MRI examination, recording demographics, expected discomfort, perceived knowledge and usefulness of the procedure and health risk perceptions, as well as a post-examination questionnaire, measuring discomfort experienced, acceptability and satisfaction with WB-MRI. We examined which factors influenced discomfort and satisfaction associated with WB-MRI. RESULTS 65 asymptomatic subjects (median age 51; 29 females) completed the questionnaire. Before WB-MRI, 29% of subjects expected discomfort of some form with claustrophobia (27.7%) and exam duration (24.6%) being the most common concerns. Experienced discomfort due to shortness of breath was significantly lower than expected. This difference was significantly associated with the personal risk perception to get a disease (p = 0.01) and educational level (p = 0.002). More specifically, higher level of perceived personal risk of getting a disease and lower level of education were associated with higher expected than experienced discomfort. Similarly, experiencing less claustrophobia than expected was significantly associated with gender (p = 0.005) and more pronounced among females. A majority (83%) of subjects expressed high levels of satisfaction with WB-MRI for early cancer diagnosis and judged it more acceptable than other diagnostic exams. CONCLUSIONS Asymptomatic subjects self-referring to WB-MRI for early cancer diagnosis showed high levels of satisfaction and acceptability with the examination. Nevertheless, a relevant proportion of participants reported some form of discomfort. Interestingly, participants with higher perceived personal risk to get a disease, lower education and females showed to expect higher discomfort than experienced. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Scope exists for measures to assess expected feelings and develop personalized interventions to reduce the stress anticipated by individuals deciding to undergo WB-MRI for early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derna Busacchio
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ketti Mazzocco
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Pricolo
- Division of Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Masiero
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Eugene Summers
- Division of Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Grabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Precision Imaging and Research Unit - Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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50
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Medeiros RAD, Vieira DL, Silva EVFD, Rezende LVMDL, Santos RWD, Tabata LF. Prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, oral behaviors, anxiety, and depression in Dentistry students during the period of social isolation due to COVID-19. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200445. [PMID: 33263648 PMCID: PMC7714260 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), anxiety, and depression are disorders that, due to the current lifestyle, are affecting an increasing portion of the population. Investigating the prevalence of the symptoms of these disorders during the quarantine due to the coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19) is important to outline clinical strategies for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Antonio De Medeiros
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - Danielle Leal Vieira
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - Emily Vivianne Freitas Da Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Departamento de Materiais Odontológicos e Prótese, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | | | - Lucas Fernando Tabata
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil
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