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Hadebe N, Cour M, Imamdin A, Petersen T, Pennel T, Scherman J, Snowball J, Ntsekhe M, Zilla P, Swanevelder J, Lecour S. Cardioprotection with Intralipid During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery on Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07594-w. [PMID: 38864969 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which may limit the benefit of the surgery. Both experimental and clinical studies suggest that Intralipid, a lipid emulsion commonly used for parenteral nutrition, can limit myocardial IRI. We therefore aimed to investigate whether Intralipid administered at reperfusion can reduce myocardial IRI in patients undergoing CABG on CPB. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, pilot trial in which 29 adult patients scheduled for CABG were randomly assigned (on a 1:1 basis) to receive either 1.5 ml/kg Intralipid 20% or Ringer's Lactate 3 min before aortic cross unclamping. The primary endpoint was the 72-h area under the curve (AUC) for troponin I. RESULTS Of the 29 patients randomized, 26 were included in the study (two withdrew consent and one was excluded before surgery). The 72-h AUC for troponin I did not significantly differ between the control and Intralipid group (546437 ± 205518 versus 487561 ± 115724 arbitrary units, respectively; P = 0.804). Other outcomes (including 72-h AUC for CK-MB, C-reactive protein, need for defibrillation, time to extubation, length of ICU and hospital stay, and serious adverse events) were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION In patients undergoing CABG on CPB, Intralipid did not limit myocardial IRI compared to placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02807727 (registration date: 16 June 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkanyiso Hadebe
- Cardioprotection Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape Town, 7925, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Cour
- Cardioprotection Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape Town, 7925, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Aqeela Imamdin
- Cardioprotection Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape Town, 7925, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Tarra Petersen
- Cardioprotection Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape Town, 7925, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Timothy Pennel
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacques Scherman
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jane Snowball
- Cardioprotection Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape Town, 7925, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Mpiko Ntsekhe
- Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Zilla
- Chris Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Justiaan Swanevelder
- Department of Anaesthesia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Cardioprotection Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Heart Institute, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Cape Town, 7925, Observatory, South Africa.
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Madsen PA, Jensen SK, Lauridsen C. Redox balance and immunity of piglets pre- and post-E. coli challenge after treatment with hemp or fish oil, and vitamin E. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11053. [PMID: 38744900 PMCID: PMC11093994 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and vitamin E supplementation on oxidative status and immune responses in weanling piglets pre- and post-E. coli challenge. Suckling piglets (n = 24) were randomly selected from two litters for an oral supplementation (1 mL/day) with fish oil or hemp oil and vitamin E supplementation (60 mg natural vitamin E/mL oil) from day 10 to 28 of age. At day 29 and 30 of age, each piglet was orally inoculated with 6.7 × 108 and 3.96 × 108 CFU of F4 and F18 E. coli, respectively. Blood was sampled from all piglets on day 28 before E. coli challenge and on day 35 of age to investigate immunological and oxidative stress markers in plasma. One week after weaning and exposure to E. coli, a general reduction in the α-tocopherol concentration and activity of GPX1 was obtained. Vitamin E supplementation lowered the extent of lipid peroxidation and improved the antioxidative status and immune responses after E. coli challenge. Hemp oil had the greatest effect on antioxidant enzyme activity. Provision of hemp oil and vitamin E to suckling piglets may reduce the incidence of post-weaning diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille A Madsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Søren K Jensen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lauridsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Blichers Allé 20, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
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Wu Z, Chen H, Yang B, Zhao J, Chen W. Structural identification and antioxidant activity of trans-9, trans-11, cis-15-conjugated linolenic acid converted by probiotics. Food Res Int 2024; 184:114258. [PMID: 38609236 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the chemical structures of octadecatrienoic acid isomers produced by probiotics through the bioconversion of α-linolenic acid and to assess their antioxidant capacities. The chemical structures were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), while the antioxidant capacities were evaluated in vitro and in cellular. The NMR signals obtained allowed for definitive characterization, with the main ion fragments detected being m/z 58.0062, 59.0140, 71.0141, 113.0616, 127.0777, and 181.5833. Compounds at concentrations below 40 μM maintained the antioxidant capacity of HepG2 cells by protecting endogenous antioxidative enzymes and mitochondrial membrane potential. However, doses higher than 40 μM increase oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. These results confirmed the structure of the probiotic-derived compound as trans9, trans11, cis15-conjugated linolenic acid. Additionally, appropriate doses of CLNA can alleviate oxidative stress induced by AAPH, while high doses aggravate cellular damage. These findings provide foundational information for the further exploration of probiotic-derived edible lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Li X, Chen L, Lv HF, Zhao R, Ying MF, Wei L, Zhang Y, Jiang Z. Association between two different lipid injectable emulsions and parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in very low birth weight infants: A retrospective cohort study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2024; 48:345-353. [PMID: 38062851 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using soybean oil-based lipid emulsions (Intralipid), which contain higher amounts of ω-6 fatty acids and phytosterols in parenteral nutrition, is a risk factor for cholestasis (parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis [PNAC]). An alternative form of a mixed lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid) has been developed to reduce the risk of PNAC, but significant benefits over Intralipid in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have yet to be demonstrated. The aim of this study was to compare the differences in PNAC incidence in VLBW infants receiving SMOFlipid vs Intralipid. METHODS The study was conducted in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China, from January 2016 to March 2022. In total, 235 VLBW infants were administered SMOFlipid or Intralipid for ≥21 days and were included in the study. The primary outcome was the incidence of PNAC. Secondary outcomes included bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, length of stay, weight 28 days after birth, severity of PNAC, and the time to reversal of PNAC. RESULTS Forty-four VLBW infants (35.5%) in the SMOFlipid group vs 41 (36.9%) in the Intralipid group achieved PNAC (P = 0.817). The subgroup analysis showed that the peak direct bilirubin level was lower (median [interquartile range] 55.6 [36.4] vs 118.4 [77.2] μmol/L; P < 0.001), and the time to reversal of PNAC was shorter (44 [49] vs 96 [61]; P < 0.001) in the SMOFlipid group than in the Intralipid group. CONCLUSION SMOFlipid may represent a better alternative for VLBW infants who require prolonged parenteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qiantang Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Qiantang Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Feng Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Qiantang Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Qiantang Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Fa Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Qiantang Campus, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Qiantang Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Goulet O. An Overview of Parenteral Nutrition from Birth to Adolescence Based on a Composite Fish Oil Containing Lipid Emulsion and a Pediatric Amino Acid Solution. Nutrients 2024; 16:440. [PMID: 38337724 PMCID: PMC10857063 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal failure (IF) is characterized by a critical reduction in functional gut mass below the minimum needed for optimal growth in children. It requires parenteral nutrition (PN) and home-PN (HPN), which is challenging in terms of meeting nutritional needs according to age, growth velocity, clinical situation, and rapid changes in fluid and electrolyte requirements. Due to these complex requirements, age-adapted multi-chamber bags (MCBs) are important additions to the nutrition armamentarium. The launch of composite fish oil (FO)-containing intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) heralded the development of MCBs containing these ILEs in combination with a crystalline amino acid solution adapted for pediatric use. The safety and efficacy of lipid and amino acid components in this context have been widely documented in numerous published studies. This narrative manuscript includes a review of the articles published in PudMed, Embase, and Google Scholar up to June 2023 for the age groups of term infants to children and adolescents. Preterm infants with their highly specific demands are not included. It aims to offer an overview of the clinical experience regarding the use of a composite FO-based ILE and a developed specific amino acid solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Goulet
- Faculté de Médecine Paris Centre, Descartes Medical School, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France
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Bakrey H, Shivgotra R, Abdu A, Soni B, Shahtaghia NR, Jain SK, Thakur S. Use of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) as a Vehicle for Drug Delivery. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:306-329. [PMID: 38454772 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501284598240226102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a method of providing nutrients directly into the bloodstream for individuals who are unable to meet their nutritional needs through the normal digestive process or gastrointestinal system. It provides macronutrients and micronutrients in a single container, reducing handling and contamination risks and making it more cost-effective. TPN has the potential to be used as a drug delivery system, with applications in combination therapies, personalized medicine, and integrating advanced technologies. It can enhance drug dosage precision and provide nutritional assistance, potentially reducing hospitalization and improving patient outcomes. However, implementing new applications requires thorough testing and regulatory approval. TPN could be particularly useful in pediatric and geriatric care and could also contribute to global health by combating malnutrition in areas with limited medical resources. Healthcare professionals prepare a sterile solution tailored to each patient's nutritional needs, and administration involves a central venous catheter. However, the simultaneous administration of medications with PN admixtures can result in pharmacological incompatibility, which can impact the stability of the oil-in-water system. The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition recommendations advise against including non-nutrient drugs in PN admixtures due to safety concerns. This review focuses on the utilization of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) as a method for delivering drugs. It discusses the benefits and difficulties associated with its commercial application and offers suggestions for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossamaldeen Bakrey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Riya Shivgotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Abdulkadir Abdu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Bindu Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Navid Reza Shahtaghia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
- Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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Rivas García F, Martínez RJG, Camarasa FJH, Cerdá JCM, Messeguer FL, Gallardo MLV. A Narrative Review: Analysis of Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition in Adults at the End of Life. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:65. [PMID: 38256898 PMCID: PMC10820363 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
"End of life" is a stage defined by the existence of an irreversible prognosis that ends with a person's death. One of the aspects of interest regarding end of life focuses on parenteral nutrition, which is usually administered in order to avoid malnutrition and associated complications. However, parenteral nutrition can be adapted to specific circumstances and evolve in its functionality through supplementation with certain nutrients that can have a beneficial effect. This narrative review aims to carry out a situation analysis of the role that could be adopted by supplemental parenteral nutrition in attenuating alterations typical of end of life and potential improvement in quality of life.
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Ma CY, Zhao J, Qian KY, Xu Z, Xu XT, Zhou JY. Analysis of nutritional risk, skeletal muscle depletion, and lipid metabolism phenotype in acute radiation enteritis. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2831-2843. [PMID: 38222011 PMCID: PMC10784828 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i12.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation enteritis, which often occurs during radiation-induced acute intestinal symptoms (RIAIS), is the most common and important complication during radiotherapy for cervical cancer. RIAIS caused by abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy will affect nutrient intake, digestion, absorption, and metabolism, leading to malnutrition or poorer nutritional status. In patients with malignant tumors, malnutrition can adversely affect the curative effect and response of radiotherapy by reducing radiosensitivity, affecting the precision of radiotherapy placement and increasing the incidence of radiotherapy-related adverse reactions. AIM To analyze nutritional risk, skeletal muscle depletion, and lipid metabolism phenotype in acute radiation enteritis. METHODS Fifty patients with cervical cancer received external beam radiotherapy, and 15 patients received brachytherapy after external beam radiotherapy. Body weight, body composition parameters, nutritional risk screening (NRS) 2002 score, and blood biochemical indices of patients with cervical cancer during periradiation were tested by a one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Metabolomics analysis was used to identify characteristic lipid metabolism pathways. Clinical factors that affect linoleic acid changes were screened using the generalized evaluation equation. RESULTS Among the 50 patients, 37 had RIAIS, including 34 patients with grade 1-2 RIAIS and 3 patients with grade 3 RIAIS. The NRS 2002 score of patients who underwent cervical cancer radiotherapy continued to increase during the periradiation period, and 42 patients who underwent cancer radiotherapy had nutritional deficits (NRS 2002 score ≥ 3 points) at the end of radiotherapy. Correlation analyses revealed that body weight and body mass index changes were closely associated with body fat content (R2 = 0.64/0.51). The results of the univariate analysis showed that radiotherapy time, percentage reduction of serum albumin, and percentage reduction of serum prealbumin were the key factors affecting skeletal muscle exhaustion (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis of fecal supernatants of cervical cancer patients during the periradiation period revealed the involvement of linoleic acid, cholic acid, arachidonic acid, and N-acetyl-L-benzene alanine in the metabolic pathway of linoleic acid. CONCLUSION Cervical cancer radiotherapy patients faced nutritional risks, decreased serum albumin synthesis, and increased risk of skeletal muscle exhaustion. Linoleic acid was a biomarker of high nutritional risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ying Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ke-Yan Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ju-Ying Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Villafana-Medina H, Quezada-Pérez R, Rodríguez-Meza J, Campos-Florián J, Vásquez-Kool J, Marín-Tello C. Analysis for Candida albicans in samples of intravenous lipids administered to premature infants with the goal of optimizing the use of the 1.2 µm filter. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:1120-1126. [PMID: 37705444 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: parenteral nutrition is a mixture of macro and micronutrients necessary for the premature infant who cannot be fed enterally. The binary mixture contains carbohydrates, amino acids and micronutrients in one bag and intravenous lipids in another. The latter are more susceptible to microbial contamination, especially by Candida albicans. For this reason, many professional associations typically recommend the use of a single filter in line "Y"; however, this has not yet become standard hospital practice. Aim: to determine the presence of Candida albicans in devices that contain intravenous lipids used in neonates and relate it to the correct use of the 1.2 µm filter. Method: three groups of samples consisting of the remains of a lipid solution (ML) administered to the premature patient for 24 h seeded on Sabouraud agar organized as follows: (ML1), lipid solution obtained directly from the ethinyl vinyl acetate bag were evaluated. (ML2): filtered lipid solution with a 1.2 µm device connected directly to the catheter. (ML3): solution of lipids intentionally contaminated with Candida and subsequently filtered. Results: Candida albicans was not detected in any of the filtered simples (ML2 and ML3) and also not detected in any of the unfiltered simples (ML1). Conclusions: there was no presence of Candida albicans in the lipid solutions used directly with a 1.2 µm filter, however, the use of a single 1.2 µm filter in line "Y" is recommended according to international standards to save the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee Villafana-Medina
- Laboratorio de investigación en Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Metabolismo de la Alimentación en la Ruta Investigativa Nutricional. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
| | - Ronaldo Quezada-Pérez
- Laboratorio de investigación en Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Metabolismo de la Alimentación en la Ruta Investigativa Nutricional. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
| | - Jennifer Rodríguez-Meza
- Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
| | - Julio Campos-Florián
- Departamento de Farmacología. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
| | | | - Carmen Marín-Tello
- Laboratorio de investigación en Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Metabolismo de la Alimentación en la Ruta Investigativa Nutricional. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo
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Freiría-Gándara J, Martínez-Senra T, Bravo-Díaz C. Exploring the Use of Hydroxytyrosol and Some of Its Esters in Food-Grade Nanoemulsions: Establishing Connection between Structure and Efficiency. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2002. [PMID: 38001855 PMCID: PMC10669426 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of HT and that of some of its hydrophobic derivatives and their distribution and effective concentrations were investigated in fish oil-in-water nanoemulsions. For this purpose, we carried out two sets of independent, but complementary, kinetic experiments in the same intact fish nanoemulsions. In one of them, we monitored the progress of lipid oxidation in intact nanoemulsions by monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes with time. In the second set of experiments, we determined the distributions and effective concentrations of HT and its derivatives in the same intact nanoemulsions as those employed in the oxidation experiments. Results show that the antioxidant efficiency is consistent with the "cut-off" effect-the efficiency of HT derivatives increases upon increasing their hydrophobicity up to the octyl derivative after which a further increase in the hydrophobicity decreases their efficiency. Results indicate that the effective interfacial concentration is the main factor controlling the efficiency of the antioxidants and that such efficiency strongly depends on the surfactant concentration and on the oil-to-water (o/w) ratio employed to prepare the nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Freiría-Gándara
- Departamento Química-Física, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Tamara Martínez-Senra
- Departamento Química-Física, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Departamento Química-Física, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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11
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Pauline ML, Huynh C, Wizzard PR, Nation PN, Field CJ, Wales PW, Turner JM. In parenteral nutrition-fed piglets, fatty acids vary by lipid emulsion and tissue sampled. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2023; 47:1038-1046. [PMID: 37416983 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with intestinal failure without liver disease may be given soy-based lipid emulsion (SLE) or mixed lipid emulsion (MLE; containing soy, medium-chain triglyceride, olive, and/or fish oils). Both differ in essential fatty acid content: MLE has added arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The aim of this study, in neonatal piglets, was to compare serum and tissue fatty acid composition when the emulsions were given at unrestricted doses. METHODS We compared SLE (n = 15) and MLE (n = 15) at doses of 10-15 g/kg/day in parenteral nutrition (PN). On day 14 we collected serum and tissues. Using gas-liquid chromatography, percentage fatty acids were measured in serum, brain, and liver phospholipid. Comparisons were made to reference values from litter-matched controls (n = 8). RESULTS Comparing median values, linoleic acid (LA) was lower for MLE vs SLE in serum (-27%), liver (-45%), and brain (-33%) (P < 0.001). AA was lower for MLE in serum (-25%), liver (-40%), and brain (-10%). DHA was higher for MLE in serum (+50%), liver (+200%), and brain (+10%). AA levels were lower for MLE vs control piglets in serum (-81%), liver (-63%), and brain (-9%). DHA levels were higher in serum (+41%), liver (+38%), and brain (+19%). CONCLUSION This study in piglets has shown that, at unrestricted doses, MLE treatment is associated with low serum and tissue AA compared with SLE and healthy litter-matched controls. Although not yet proven, low tissue AA levels may have functional consequences, and these data support current practice avoiding MLE dose restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirielle L Pauline
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caitlin Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pamela R Wizzard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick N Nation
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W Wales
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Justine M Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Natnan ME, Low CF, Chong CM, Bunawan H, Baharum SN. Oleic acid as potential immunostimulant in metabolism pathways of hybrid grouper fingerlings (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) infected with Vibrio vulnificus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12830. [PMID: 37553472 PMCID: PMC10409752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Grouper culture has been expanding in Malaysia due to the huge demand locally and globally. However, due to infectious diseases such as vibriosis, the fish mortality rate increased, which has affected the production of grouper. Therefore, this study focuses on the metabolic profiling of surviving infected grouper fed with different formulations of fatty acid diets that acted as immunostimulants for the fish to achieve desirable growth and health performance. After a six-week feeding trial and one-week post-bacterial challenge, the surviving infected grouper was sampled for GC-MS analysis. For metabolite extraction, a methanol/chloroform/water (2:2:1.8) extraction method was applied to the immune organs (spleen and liver) of surviving infected grouper. The distribution patterns of metabolites between experimental groups were then analyzed using a metabolomics platform. A total of 50 and 81 metabolites were putatively identified from the spleen and liver samples, respectively. Our further analysis identified glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism had the most impacted pathways, respectively, in spleen and liver samples from surviving infected grouper. The metabolites that were highly abundant in the spleen found in these pathways were glycine (20.9%), l-threonine (1.0%) and l-serine (0.8%). Meanwhile, in the liver l-glutamine (1.8%) and aspartic acid (0.6%) were found to be highly abundant. Interestingly, among the fish diet groups, grouper fed with oleic acid diet produced more metabolites with a higher percent area compared to the control diets. The results obtained from this study elucidate the use of oleic acid as an immunostimulant in fish feed formulation affects more various immune-related metabolites than other formulated feed diets for vibriosis infected grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Erna Natnan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chen-Fei Low
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chou-Min Chong
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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13
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Zhang Z, Ji C, Wang D, Wang M, She X, Song D, Xu X, Zhang D. Maresin1: A multifunctional regulator in inflammatory bone diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110308. [PMID: 37192551 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a crucial role in the physical response to danger signals, the elimination of toxic stimuli, and the restoration of homeostasis. However, dysregulated inflammatory responses lead to tissue damage, and chronic inflammation can disrupt osteogenic-osteoclastic homeostasis, ultimately leading to bone loss. Maresin1 (MaR1), a member of the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) family, has been found to possess significant anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, pro-hemolytic, pro-healing, and pain-relieving properties. MaR1 is synthesized by macrophages (Mφs) and omega-3 fatty acids, and it may have the potential to promote bone homeostasis and treat inflammatory bone diseases. MaR1 has been found to stimulate osteoblast proliferation through leucine-rich repeat G protein-coupled receptor 6 (LGR6). It also activates Mφ phagocytosis and M2-type polarization, which helps to control the immune system. MaR1 can regulate T cells to exert anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit neutrophil infiltration and recruitment. In addition, MaR1 is involved in antioxidant signaling, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). It has also been found to promote the autophagic behavior of periodontal ligament stem cells, stimulate Mφs against pathogenic bacteria, and regulate tissue regeneration and repair. In summary, this review provides new information and a comprehensive overview of the critical roles of MaR1 in inflammatory bone diseases, indicating its potential as a therapeutic approach for managing skeletal metabolism and inflammatory bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Chonghao Ji
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | | | - Maoshan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao She
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Song
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China.
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14
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Wu W, Ren T, Cao X, Gao J. Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals that elovl5 deletion promotes PUFA biosynthesis and deposition. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 46:101076. [PMID: 37080058 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The safe and low-cost acquisition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has become a research hotspot. Fatty acyl elongase 5 (Elovl5), a rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid elongation, is principally in charge of extending C18 and C20 PUFA substrates. However, the role of elovl5 in regulating pathways and genes involved in PUFA synthesis remain largely unknown. Here, hepatic transcriptome analysis of wild-type and elovl5 knockout (elovl5-/-) zebrafish was performed to identify the potential regulatory targets related to PUFA deposition and synthesis. There were 1579 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 787 had their expression levels increased while 792 had the opposite effect. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway was considerably enriched in DEGs, according to the KEGG analysis, in which fatp2, fabp7, and pparδ were engaged in PUFA absorption and deposition. Additionally, transcriptome analysis also revealed that cyp46a1 and cyp2r1 were implicated in the synthesis of bile acids and the metabolism of vitamin D, thus indirectly participating in PUFA biosynthesis and deposition. Finally, the DEGs, which improve PUFA level following elovl5 deletion, were verified through feeding experiment with two prepared diets soybean oil diet and linolenic acid oil diet. This study revealed potential regulatory targets that improve PUFA level after elovl5 deletion in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Wu
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tianying Ren
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Fisheries, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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15
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Favor OK, Chauhan PS, Pourmand E, Edwards AM, Wagner JG, Lewandowski RP, Heine LK, Harkema JR, Lee KSS, Pestka JJ. Lipidome modulation by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation or selective soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition suppresses rough LPS-accelerated glomerulonephritis in lupus-prone mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124910. [PMID: 36875087 PMCID: PMC9978350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-accelerated autoimmune glomerulonephritis (GN) in NZBWF1 mice is a preclinical model potentially applicable for investigating lipidome-modulating interventions against lupus. LPS can be expressed as one of two chemotypes: smooth LPS (S-LPS) or rough LPS (R-LPS) which is devoid of O-antigen polysaccharide sidechain. Since these chemotypes differentially affect toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated immune cell responses, these differences may influence GN induction. Methods We initially compared the effects of subchronic intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for 5 wk with 1) Salmonella S-LPS, 2) Salmonella R-LPS, or 3) saline vehicle (VEH) (Study 1) in female NZBWF1 mice. Based on the efficacy of R-LPS in inducing GN, we next used it to compare the impact of two lipidome-modulating interventions, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition, on GN (Study 2). Specifically, effects of consuming ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (10 g/kg diet) and/or the sEH inhibitor 1-(4-trifluoro-methoxy-phenyl)-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) (22.5 mg/kg diet ≈ 3 mg/kg/day) on R-LPS triggering were compared. Results In Study 1, R-LPS induced robust elevations in blood urea nitrogen, proteinuria, and hematuria that were not evident in VEH- or S-LPS-treated mice. R-LPS-treated mice further exhibited kidney histopathology including robust hypertrophy, hyperplasia, thickened membranes, lymphocytic accumulation containing B and T cells, and glomerular IgG deposition consistent with GN that was not evident in VEH- or SLPS-treated groups. R-LPS but not S-LPS induced spleen enlargement with lymphoid hyperplasia and inflammatory cell recruitment in the liver. In Study 2, resultant blood fatty acid profiles and epoxy fatty acid concentrations reflected the anticipated DHA- and TPPU-mediated lipidome changes, respectively. The relative rank order of R-LPS-induced GN severity among groups fed experimental diets based on proteinuria, hematuria, histopathologic scoring, and glomerular IgG deposition was: VEH/CON< R-LPS/DHA ≈ R-LPS/TPPU<<< R-LPS/TPPU+DHA ≈ R-LPS/CON. In contrast, these interventions had modest-to- negligible effects on R-LPS-induced splenomegaly, plasma antibody responses, liver inflammation, and inflammation-associated kidney gene expression. Discussion We show for the first time that absence of O-antigenic polysaccharide in R-LPS is critical to accelerated GN in lupus-prone mice. Furthermore, intervention by lipidome modulation through DHA feeding or sEH inhibition suppressed R-LPS-induced GN; however, these ameliorative effects were greatly diminished upon combining the treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Favor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Preeti S. Chauhan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Elham Pourmand
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Angel M. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James G. Wagner
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Ryan P. Lewandowski
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lauren K. Heine
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jack R. Harkema
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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16
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Takagi K, Murotani K, Kamoshita S, Kuroda A. Clinical impact of lipid injectable emulsion in internal medicine inpatients exclusively receiving parenteral nutrition: a propensity score matching analysis from a Japanese medical claims database. BMC Med 2022; 20:371. [PMID: 36289527 PMCID: PMC9608912 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although guidelines recommend lipid injectable emulsions (ILEs) be used as a part of parenteral nutrition, many patients in Japan receive lipid-free parenteral nutrition. Furthermore, little is known about the effect of ILEs on clinical outcomes in medical inpatients managed with parenteral nutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical impact of ILEs on internal medicine inpatients receiving parenteral nutrition. METHODS A propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed using a medical claims database covering 451 hospitals in Japan. Participants included the following internal medicine inpatients, ages ≥ 18 years, fasting > 10 days, and receiving exclusively parenteral nutrition, between 2011 and 2020. Participants were divided into 2 groups: those who did and did not receive ILEs. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. The secondary endpoints included intravenous catheter infection, activities of daily living (ADL), hospital length of stay (LOS), and total medical costs. To adjust for energy doses, logistic or multiple regression analyses were performed using energy dose as an additional explanatory variable. RESULTS After PSM, 19,602 matched pairs were formed out of 61,437 patients. The ILE group had significantly lower incidences than the non-ILE group of in-hospital mortality (20.3% vs. 26.9%; odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.72; p < 0.001), deteriorated ADL (10.8% vs. 12.5%; OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92; p < 0.001), and shorter LOS (regression coefficient, - 0.8; 95% CI, - 1.6-0.0; p = 0.045). After adjusting for energy dose, these ORs or regression coefficients demonstrated the same tendencies and statistical significance. The mean total medical costs were $21,009 in the ILE group and $21,402 in the non-ILE group (p = 0.08), and the adjusted regression coefficient for the ILE vs. the non-ILE group was - $860 (95% CI, - $1252 to - $47). CONCLUSIONS ILE use was associated with improved clinical outcomes, including lower in-hospital mortality, in internal medicine inpatients receiving parenteral nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | | | - Satoru Kamoshita
- Medical Affairs Department, Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kuroda
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Berlana D. Parenteral Nutrition Overview. Nutrients 2022; 14:4480. [PMID: 36364743 PMCID: PMC9659055 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-saving intervention for patients where oral or enteral nutrition (EN) cannot be achieved or is not acceptable. The essential components of PN are carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, electrolytes and water. PN should be provided via a central line because of its hypertonicity. However, peripheral PN (with lower nutrient content and larger volume) can be administered via an appropriate non-central line. There are alternatives for the compounding process also, including hospital pharmacy compounded bags and commercial multichamber bags. PN is a costly therapy and has been associated with complications. Metabolic complications related to macro and micronutrient disturbances, such as hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and electrolyte imbalance, may occur at any time during PN therapy, as well as infectious complications, mostly related to venous access. Long-term complications, such as hepatobiliary and bone disease are associated with longer PN therapy and home-PN. To prevent and mitigate potential complications, the optimal monitoring and early management of imbalances is required. PN should be prescribed for malnourished patients or high-risk patients with malnutrition where the feasibility of full EN is in question. Several factors should be considered when providing PN, including timing of initiation, clinical status, and risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Berlana
- Pharmacy Department, Vall Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Natnan ME, Low CF, Chong CM, Daud NINAA, Om AD, Baharum SN. Comparison of Different Dietary Fatty Acids Supplement on the Immune Response of Hybrid Grouper ( Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) Challenged with Vibrio vulnificus. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091288. [PMID: 36138767 PMCID: PMC9495948 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquaculture has been expanding in Malaysia due to the increased demand for fish products. In addition, aquaculture faces challenges in maintaining feed suitability in support of the global growth of fish production. Therefore, improvements in diet formulation are necessary to achieve the optimal requirements and attain a desirable growth efficiency and health performance in fish. Seven weeks of study were conducted to compare the equal amounts of different fatty acids (2%) (oleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and behenic acid) on the survival, the growth, and the immune response of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) against V. vulnificus. After six weeks of the feeding trial, fish were challenged with V. vulnificus for 30 min before continuing on the same feeding regime for the next seven days (post-bacterial challenge). Fish supplemented with dietary oleic acid showed significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced immune responses, i.e., lysozyme, respiratory burst, and phagocytic activities compared to the control diet group for both pre-and post-bacterial challenges. Following the Vibrio challenge, no significant effects of supplemented fatty acid diets on survival rate were observed, although dietary oleic acid demonstrated the highest 63.3% survival rate compared to only 43.3% of the control diet group. In addition, there were no significant effects (p > 0.05) on specific growth rate (SGR), white blood cell (WBC), and red blood cell (RBC) counts among all experimental diets. The results from this study suggest that among the tested dietary fatty acids, the oleic acid diet showed promising results in the form of elevated immune responses and increased disease resistance of the hybrid grouper fingerlings challenged with V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Erna Natnan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Chen Fei Low
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Chou Min Chong
- Aquaculture Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmad Daud Om
- Marine Fish Aquaculture Research Division, Fisheries Research Institute Tanjung Demong, Besut 22200, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Đoković JB, Demisli S, Savić SM, Marković BD, Cekić ND, Randjelovic DV, Mitrović JR, Lunter DJ, Papadimitriou V, Xenakis A, Savić SD. The Impact of the Oil Phase Selection on Physicochemical Properties, Long-Term Stability, In Vitro Performance and Injectability of Curcumin-Loaded PEGylated Nanoemulsions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081666. [PMID: 36015291 PMCID: PMC9415641 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanotechnology-based approach to drug delivery presents one of the biggest trends in biomedical science that can provide increased active concentration, bioavailability, and safety compared to conventional drug-delivery systems. Nanoemulsions stand out amongst other nanocarriers for being biodegradable, biocompatible, and relatively easy to manufacture. For improved drug-delivery properties, longer circulation for the nanoemulsion droplets should be provided, to allow the active to reach the target site. One of the strategies used for this purpose is PEGylation. The aim of this research was assessing the impact of the oil phase selection, soybean or fish oil mixtures with medium chain triglycerides, on the physicochemical characteristics and injectability of curcumin-loaded PEGylated nanoemulsions. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated the structural impact of the oil phase on the stabilizing layer of nanoemulsions, with a more pronounced stabilizing effect of curcumin observed in the fish oil nanoemulsion compared to the soybean oil one. The design of the experiment study, employed to simultaneously assess the impact of the oil phase, different PEGylated phospholipids and their concentrations, as well as the presence of curcumin, showed that not only the investigated factors alone, but also their interactions, had a significant influence on the critical quality attributes of the PEGylated nanoemulsions. Detailed physicochemical characterization of the NEs found all formulations were appropriate for parenteral administration and remained stable during two years of storage, with the preserved antioxidant activity demonstrated by DPPH and FRAP assays. In vitro release studies showed a more pronounced release of curcumin from the fish oil NEs compared to that from the soybean oil ones. The innovative in vitro injectability assessment, designed to mimic intravenous application, proved that all formulations tested in selected experimental setting could be employed in prospective in vivo studies. Overall, the current study shows the importance of oil phase selection when formulating PEGylated nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena B. Đoković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sotiria Demisli
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Bojan D. Marković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša D. Cekić
- DCP Hemigal, Tekstilna 97, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, Bulevar Oslobođenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
| | - Danijela V. Randjelovic
- Department of Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena R. Mitrović
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dominique Jasmin Lunter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Eberhard-Karls Universität, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Aristotelis Xenakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Snežana D. Savić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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20
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Galdino de Souza D, Santos DS, Simon KS, Morais JAV, Coelho LC, Pacheco TJA, Azevedo RB, Bocca AL, Melo-Silva CA, Longo JPF. Fish Oil Nanoemulsion Supplementation Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis BALB/c Mice. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101683. [PMID: 35630905 PMCID: PMC9145453 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diets rich in omega-3 or -6 fatty acids will produce different profiles for cell membranes phospholipid constitutions. Omegas 3 and 6 are part of the diet and can modulate the inflammatory profile. We evaluated the effects of the oral absorption of fish oil, when associated with a lipid nanoemulsion in an experimental pulmonary inflammatory model. Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease associated with excessive extracellular matrix deposition. We determined to investigate the morphophysiological mechanisms in mice that were pretreated after induction with bleomycin (BLM). The pretreatment was for 21 days with saline solution, sunflower oil (SO), fish oil (FO), and fish oil nanoemulsion (NEW3). The animals received a daily dose of 50 mg/Kg of docosahexaenoic acid DHA and 10 mg/Kg eicosapentaenoic (EPA) (100 mg/Kg), represented by a daily dose of 40 µL of NEW3. The blank group was treated with the same amount daily (40 µL) during the 21 days of pretreatment. The animals were treated with SO and FO, 100 mg/Kg (containing 58 mg/Kg of polyunsaturated fats/higher% linoleic acid) and 100 mg/Kg (50 mg/Kg of DHA and 10 mg/Kg EPA), respectively. A single dose of 5 mg/mL (50 μL) bleomycin sulfate, by the intratracheal surgical method in BALB/cAnNTac (BALB/c). NEW3 significantly reduced fibrotic progression, which can be evidenced by the protection from loss of body mass, increase in respiratory incursions per minute, decreased spacing of alveolar septa, decreased severity of fibrosis, and changes in the respiratory system. NEW3 attenuated the inflammatory changes developed in the experimental model of pulmonary fibrosis, while group SO showed a significant increase in inflammatory changes. This concluded that the presented results demonstrated that is possible to positively modulate the immune and inflamamtory response to an external agressor, by changing the nutitional intake of specific fatty acids, such as omega-3 placed in fish oil. Moreover, these benefits can be improved by the nanoencapsulation of fish oil in lipid nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Galdino de Souza
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (D.S.S.); (J.A.V.M.); (T.J.A.P.); (R.B.A.)
| | - Débora Silva Santos
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (D.S.S.); (J.A.V.M.); (T.J.A.P.); (R.B.A.)
| | - Karina Smidt Simon
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (K.S.S.); (L.C.C.); (A.L.B.)
| | - José Athayde Vasconcelos Morais
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (D.S.S.); (J.A.V.M.); (T.J.A.P.); (R.B.A.)
| | - Luísa Coutinho Coelho
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (K.S.S.); (L.C.C.); (A.L.B.)
| | - Thyago José Arruda Pacheco
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (D.S.S.); (J.A.V.M.); (T.J.A.P.); (R.B.A.)
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (D.S.S.); (J.A.V.M.); (T.J.A.P.); (R.B.A.)
| | - Anamélia Lorenzetti Bocca
- Applied Immunology Laboratory, Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (K.S.S.); (L.C.C.); (A.L.B.)
| | - César Augusto Melo-Silva
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - João Paulo Figueiró Longo
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Genetics & Morphology Department, Institute of Biological Science, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (D.G.d.S.); (D.S.S.); (J.A.V.M.); (T.J.A.P.); (R.B.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Ribeiro BG, Campos Guerra JM, Sarubbo LA. Production of a biosurfactant from S. cerevisiae and its application in salad dressing. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Exploration of Prognostic Immune-Related Genes and lncRNAs Biomarkers in Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma and Its Crosstalk with Acute Kidney Injury. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6100187. [PMID: 35178091 PMCID: PMC8847043 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) has a poor prognosis and a high death rate globally. Cancer prognosis is strongly linked to immune-related genes (IRGs), according to numerous research. We utilized KIRC RNA-seq data from the TCGA database to build a prognostic model incorporating seven immune-related (IR) lncRNAs, and we constructed the model using LASSO regression. Additionally, we calculated a risk score for each patient using a prognostic model that divided patients into high-risk and low-risk groups. The ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT methodologies were then used to analyze the differences in the tumor microenvironment of the two groups of patients. Finally, we predicted three small molecule drugs that may have potential therapeutic effects for high-risk patients. We combined the acute kidney injury dataset to obtain differential genes that may serve standard biological functions with two risk groups. Our study shows that the model we constructed for IR-lncRNAs has reliable predictive efficacy for patients with KIRC.
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Ulu A, Velazquez JV, Burr A, Sveiven SN, Yang J, Bravo C, Hammock BD, Nordgren TM. Sex-Specific Differences in Resolution of Airway Inflammation in Fat-1 Transgenic Mice Following Repetitive Agricultural Dust Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:785193. [PMID: 35095496 PMCID: PMC8793679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.785193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In agriculture industries, workers are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases due to inhalation of agricultural dusts, particularly when working in enclosed confinement facilities. Agricultural dusts inhalation leads to unresolved airway inflammation that precedes the development and progression of lung disease. We have previously shown beneficial effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) DHA in protecting against the negative inflammatory effects of repetitive dust exposure in the lung. Dietary manipulation of pulmonary disease risk is an attractive and timely approach given the contribution of an increased ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio to low grade inflammation and chronic disease in the Western diet. To prevent any confounding factors that comes with dietary supplementation of ω-3 PUFA (different sources, purity, dose, and duration), we employed a Fat-1 transgenic mouse model that convert ω-6 PUFA to ω-3 PUFA, leading to a tissue ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA ratio of approximately 1:1. Building on our initial findings, we hypothesized that attaining elevated tissue levels of ω-3 PUFA would attenuate agricultural dust-induced lung inflammation and its resolution. To test this hypothesis, we compared wild-type (WT) and Fat-1 transgenic mice in their response to aqueous extracts of agricultural dust (DE). We also used a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEH) to potentiate the effects of ω-3 PUFA, since sEH inhibitors have been shown to stabilize the anti-inflammatory P450 metabolites derived from both ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA and promote generation of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators from ω-3 PUFA. Over a three-week period, mice were exposed to a total of 15 intranasal instillations of DE obtained from swine confinement buildings in the Midwest. We observed genotype and sex-specific differences between the WT vs. Fat-1 transgenic mice in response to repetitive dust exposure, where three-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of treatment, genotype, and sex. Also, Fat-1 transgenic mice displayed reduced lymphoid aggregates in the lung following DE exposure as compared to WT animals exposed to DE, suggesting improved resilience to the DE-induced inflammatory effects. Overall, our data implicate a protective role of ω-3 FA in the lung following repetitive dust exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ulu
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jalene V Velazquez
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Abigail Burr
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Stefanie N Sveiven
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carissa Bravo
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Tara M Nordgren
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States.,Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Khodaverdi H, Zeini MS, Moghaddam MM, Vazifedust S, Akbariqomi M, Tebyanian H. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery of the Anti-Cancer Drugs: A Review. Curr Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1012-1033. [DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666220117102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Cancer is one of the main reasons for mortality worldwide. Chemotherapeutic agents have been effectively designed to increase certain patients' survival rates, but ordinarily designed chemotherapeutic agents necessarily deliver toxic chemotherapeutic drugs to healthy tissues, resulting in serious side effects. Cancer cells can often acquire drug resistance after repeated dosing of current chemotherapeutic agents, restricting their efficacy. Given such obstacles, investigators have attempted to distribute chemotherapeutic agents using targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs), especially nanotechnology-based DDSs. Lipid-Based Nanoparticles (LBNPs) are a large and complex class of substances that have been utilized to manage a variety of diseases, mostly cancer. Liposomes seem to be the most frequently employed LBNPs, owing to their high biocompatibility, bioactivity, stability, and flexibility; howbeit Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Non-structured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) have lately received a lot of interest. Besides that, there are several reports that concentrate on novel therapies via LBNPs to manage various forms of cancer. In the present research, the latest improvements in the application of LBNPs have been shown to deliver different therapeutic agents to cancerous cells and have been demonstrated LBNPs also can be a quite successful candidate in cancer therapy for subsequent use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Khodaverdi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mostafa Akbariqomi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- School of Dentistry, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Qiao B, Li X, Wu Y, Guo T, Tan Z. Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota in Mice under Lard or Vegetable Blend Oil Diet. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1613-1624. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Yi Wu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Tan Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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蒋 仁, 申 玉, 刘 晓, 李 禄, 程 茜. Long-term effect of active parenteral nutrition support regimen in preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:1221-1227. [PMID: 34911604 PMCID: PMC8690710 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2108113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the long-term effect of active parenteral nutrition support regimen in preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks. METHODS According to the different doses of fat emulsion and amino acids used in the early stage, the preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks, who were admitted to the hospital within 24 hours after birth from May to December 2019, were divided into an active parenteral nutrition group and a conventional parenteral nutrition group (n=50). Physical indices and the measurements of the Gesell Development Scale were collected at the age of 6 months and 13 months. RESULTS At the age of 6 months, the active parenteral nutrition group (n=46) had higher developmental quotients of gross motor, fine motor, and personal-social behavior than the conventional parenteral nutrition group (n=34) (P<0.05). At the age of 13 months, the active parenteral nutrition group (n=25) had higher developmental quotients of adaptive behavior, gross motor, and personal-social behavior than the conventional parenteral nutrition group (n=19) (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the physical development indices such as body weight, body height, and head circumference between the two groups during follow-up (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS For preterm infants with a gestational age of <34 weeks, an active parenteral nutrition support strategy with high doses of fat emulsion and amino acids within 24 hours after birth can improve their long-term neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - 玉洁 申
- 重庆医科大学附属 儿童医院新生儿中心重庆400014
- 儿科学重庆市重点实验室重庆400014
- 国家儿童健康与疾病临床医学研究中心重庆400014
| | - 晓晨 刘
- 重庆医科大学附属 儿童医院新生儿中心重庆400014
- 儿童发育疾病研究教育部 重点实验室重庆400014
- 儿童发育重大疾病国家国际科技合作基地重庆400014
| | - 禄全 李
- 重庆医科大学附属 儿童医院新生儿中心重庆400014
- 儿科学重庆市重点实验室重庆400014
- 儿童发育疾病研究教育部 重点实验室重庆400014
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Li B, Yao BC, Guo ZG, Zhang SP, Song YQ, Jiang N, Ma XZ, Chen QL. Mechanism of action of resolvin D1 in inhibiting the progression of aortic dissection in mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1498. [PMID: 34805360 PMCID: PMC8573437 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the protective effect of resolvin D1 (RvD1) on aortic dissection (AD) in mice and explore the related mechanisms. Methods Mice were randomly divided into a blank group, model group, and RvD1 group. The RvD1 and model groups were administered 0.4% β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) solution, while the blank group was administered distilled water. When the experiment began, whether mice had AD was determined by echocardiogram. The RvD1 group was also administered RvD1 (30 µg/kg), while the model and blank groups were administered saline intraperitoneally. After 21 d, body weight trend and survival rate in the three groups were compared. The diameter of the ascending aorta of mice was detected by echocardiography. Then, the mice were sacrificed, and histopathological staining procedures were performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect cytokines and chemokines in blood and tissue, respectively. Results At 21 d, there was no statistically significant difference in body weight between three groups (P>0.05). The survival rate showed a significant difference between the RvD1 and model group (P<0.05). Echocardiography revealed that compared with the RvD1 and blank groups, aortic dilatation was significant in the model group. Pathological staining showed that the destruction of the aortic wall structure and inflammatory cell infiltration were more noticeable in the model group than in the RvD1 group. A slight disintegration of elastic fibers and collagen in the aorta was observed in the RvD1 group, and the aortic structure was clear. The results of ELISA showed that the inflammatory factors levels in the RvD1 group, although higher than those in blank group, were significantly decreased compared with the model group. The ELISA results of AD tissue showed that at 21 d, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the aorta were significantly decreased in the RvD1 group compared with the model group (P<0.05). Conclusions Administration of RvD1 significantly delayed aortic dilation and disintegration and inhibited local macrophage and neutrophil infiltration in the early stages of aortic injury. Moreover, RvD1 significantly downregulated the expression of cytokines and chemokines in aortic tissues and serum and improved aortic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo-Chen Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao-Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Song
- Tianjin Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Tan JYB, Yoon BK, Cho NJ, Lovrić J, Jug M, Jackman JA. Lipid Nanoparticle Technology for Delivering Biologically Active Fatty Acids and Monoglycerides. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9664. [PMID: 34575831 PMCID: PMC8465605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is enormous interest in utilizing biologically active fatty acids and monoglycerides to treat phospholipid membrane-related medical diseases, especially with the global health importance of membrane-enveloped viruses and bacteria. However, it is difficult to practically deliver lipophilic fatty acids and monoglycerides for therapeutic applications, which has led to the emergence of lipid nanoparticle platforms that support molecular encapsulation and functional presentation. Herein, we introduce various classes of lipid nanoparticle technology and critically examine the latest progress in utilizing lipid nanoparticles to deliver fatty acids and monoglycerides in order to treat medical diseases related to infectious pathogens, cancer, and inflammation. Particular emphasis is placed on understanding how nanoparticle structure is related to biological function in terms of mechanism, potency, selectivity, and targeting. We also discuss translational opportunities and regulatory needs for utilizing lipid nanoparticles to deliver fatty acids and monoglycerides, including unmet clinical opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ying Brenda Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.Y.B.T.); (B.K.Y.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore;
| | - Bo Kyeong Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.Y.B.T.); (B.K.Y.)
- School of Healthcare and Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore;
| | - Jasmina Lovrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Mario Jug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (J.L.); (M.J.)
| | - Joshua A. Jackman
- School of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (J.Y.B.T.); (B.K.Y.)
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Foyle KL, Sharkey DJ, Moldenhauer LM, Green ES, Wilson JJ, Roccisano CJ, Hull ML, Tremellen KP, Robertson SA. Effect of Intralipid infusion on peripheral blood T cells and plasma cytokines in women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1328. [PMID: 34408876 PMCID: PMC8358997 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Intravenous infusion of Intralipid is an adjunct therapy in assisted reproduction treatment (ART) when immune‐associated infertility is suspected. Here, we evaluated the effect of Intralipid infusion on regulatory T cells (Treg cells), effector T cells and plasma cytokines in peripheral blood of women undertaking IVF. Methods This prospective, observational pilot study assessed Intralipid infusion in 14 women exhibiting recurrent implantation failure, a clinical sign of immune‐associated infertility. Peripheral blood was collected immediately prior to and 7 days after intravenous administration of Intralipid. Plasma cytokines were measured by Luminex, and T‐cell subsets were analysed by flow cytometry. Results A small increase in conventional CD8+ T cells occurred after Intralipid infusion, but no change was seen in CD4+ Treg cells, or naïve, memory or effector memory T cells. Proliferation marker Ki67, transcription factors Tbet and RORγt, and markers of suppressive capacity CTLA4 and HLA‐DR were unchanged. Dimensionality‐reduction analysis using the tSNE algorithm confirmed no phenotype shift within Treg cells or other T cells. Intralipid infusion increased plasma CCL2, CCL3, CXCL8, GM‐CSF, G‐CSF, IL‐6, IL‐21, TNF and VEGF. Conclusion Intralipid infusion elicited elevated pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and a minor increase in CD8+ T cells, but no change in pro‐tolerogenic Treg cells. Notwithstanding the limitation of no placebo control, the results do not support Intralipid as a candidate intervention to attenuate the Treg cell response in women undergoing ART. Future placebo‐controlled studies are needed to confirm the potential efficacy and clinical significance of Intralipid in attenuating cytokine induction and circulating CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie L Foyle
- Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - David J Sharkey
- Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Lachlan M Moldenhauer
- Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ella S Green
- Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Jasmine J Wilson
- Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Cassandra J Roccisano
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences University of South Australia Adelaide SA Australia
| | - M Louise Hull
- Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Kelton P Tremellen
- School of Medicine Flinders University Adelaide SA Australia.,Repromed Pty Ltd Dulwich SA Australia
| | - Sarah A Robertson
- Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical School University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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Costa M, Paiva-Martins F, Losada-Barreiro S, Bravo-Díaz C. Modeling Chemical Reactivity at the Interfaces of Emulsions: Effects of Partitioning and Temperature. Molecules 2021; 26:4703. [PMID: 34361854 PMCID: PMC8348087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk phase chemistry is hardly ever a reasonable approximation to interpret chemical reactivity in compartmentalized systems, because multiphasic systems may alter the course of chemical reactions by modifying the local concentrations and orientations of reactants and by modifying their physical properties (acid-base equilibria, redox potentials, etc.), making them-or inducing them-to react in a selective manner. Exploiting multiphasic systems as beneficial reaction media requires an understanding of their effects on chemical reactivity. Chemical reactions in multiphasic systems follow the same laws as in bulk solution, and the measured or observed rate constant of bimolecular reactions can be expressed, under dynamic equilibrium conditions, in terms of the product of the rate constant and of the concentrations of reactants. In emulsions, reactants distribute between the oil, water, and interfacial regions according to their polarity. However, determining the distributions of reactive components in intact emulsions is arduous because it is physically impossible to separate the interfacial region from the oil and aqueous ones without disrupting the existing equilibria and, therefore, need to be determined in the intact emulsions. The challenge is, thus, to develop models to correctly interpret chemical reactivity. Here, we will review the application of the pseudophase kinetic model to emulsions, which allows us to model chemical reactivity under a variety of experimental conditions and, by carrying out an appropriate kinetic analysis, will provide important kineticparameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- Departamento de Química—Física, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Departamento de Química—Física, Facultad de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
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Villa López G, Valero Zanuy MA, González Barrios I, Maíz Jiménez M, Gomis Muñóz P, León Sanz M. Acute Hypertriglyceridemia in Patients with COVID-19 Receiving Parenteral Nutrition. Nutrients 2021; 13:2287. [PMID: 34371797 PMCID: PMC8308259 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a metabolic complication associated with parenteral nutrition (PN). It is unknown if patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 are more at risk. Our aim was to describe the incidence, risk factors and clinical impact of hypertriglyceridemia in critically ill patients with ARDS-COVID-19 receiving PN. We designed a cohort study of patients with ARDS-COVID-19 infection that required admission to critical care units and nutritional support with PN. Individual PN prescriptions for macronutrients and insulin were provided. Lipid emulsion contained fish oil (SMOFlipid® or Lipoplus®). Hypertriglyceridemia was defined as plasma levels above 400 mg/dL. Eighty-seven patients, 66.6% men, 60.1 ± 10.8 years old, BMI 29.1 ± 5.6 kg/m2, 71% of whom received lopinavir/ritonavir, 56% received Propofol and 55% received Tocilizumab were included. The incidence of hypertriglyceridemia was 37 × 100 patient-days with PN. This complication was more frequent in obese patients (OR 3.34; 95% CI, 2.35-4.33) and in those treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (OR 4.98; 95% CI, 3.60-6.29) or Propofol (OR 2.45; 95% CI, 1.55-3.35). Total mortality was 33.3%, similar between the type of lipid emulsion (p = 0.478). On average, patients with hypertriglyceridemia had a longer requirement of PN compared to the group without elevated triglycerides (TG), probably because of their longer survival (p = 0.001). TG higher than 400 mg/dL was not a protective factor for mortality (OR 0.31; 95% CI, 0.01-1.30). In conclusion, the incidence of hypertriglyceridemia was 37 × 100 patient-days with PN. The risk of this complication is associated with obesity and the use of lopinavir/ritonavir or Propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Villa López
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.L.); (M.A.V.Z.); (M.M.J.)
| | - Maria Angeles Valero Zanuy
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.L.); (M.A.V.Z.); (M.M.J.)
| | - Ivan González Barrios
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.B.); (P.G.M.)
| | - Maria Maíz Jiménez
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.L.); (M.A.V.Z.); (M.M.J.)
| | - Pilar Gomis Muñóz
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.B.); (P.G.M.)
| | - Miguel León Sanz
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Avenida de Córdoba, s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (G.V.L.); (M.A.V.Z.); (M.M.J.)
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Al-Khalaifah H, Al-Nasser A. Dietary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids influences cell cytotoxicity in broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10113. [PMID: 34001928 PMCID: PMC8129153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the effects of dietary source of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on immune response in broiler chickens, represented by cytotoxic cell activity. A total of 255 one-day-old male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were fed on fish oil (FO)-, flaxseed oil-enriched diets at 50 and 19 g/kg, respectively, in addition to the soybean-based control diet. At slaughter, samples of blood and spleen were harvested from 20 birds/treatment (n = 20). The immune tissues' fatty acid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography, and the cytotoxic cell activity was investigated. The results showed that supplementing broiler chickens with diets rich in n-3 PUFA had a substantial effect on the broiler immune tissues' fatty acid profile. Cytotoxic cell activity was significantly higher in splenocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from broilers fed flaxseed oil than those provided FO and the soybean control diet. These results suggest that flaxseed oil may be used to enrich chickens with n-3 PUFA and improve the immune status of chicken flocks to resist diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Kuwait, Kuwait.
| | - Afaf Al-Nasser
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR), Kuwait, Kuwait
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Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) Seed a Candidate Protein Source with Potential for Combating SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Obesity. Drug Target Insights 2021; 15:5-12. [PMID: 33840996 PMCID: PMC8025844 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2021.2192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 are overlapping pandemics, and one might worsen the other. Methods: This narrative review discusses one of the primary mechanisms to initiate acute respiratory distress syndrome, uncontrolled systemic inflammation in COVID-19, and presents a potential candidate for adjuvant treatment. Blocking the S protein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and the 3C-like protease (3CL pro) is an effective strategy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Results: Host proteases such as FURIN, trypsin, and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS) act in S protein activation. Tamarind trypsin inhibitor (TTI) shows several beneficial effects on the reduction of inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], leptin) and biochemical parameters (fasting glycemia, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein [VLDL]), in addition to improving pancreatic function and mucosal integrity in an obesity model. TTI may inhibit the action of proteases that collaborate with SARS-CoV-2 infection and the neutrophil activity characteristic of lung injury promoted by the virus. Conclusion: Thus, TTI may contribute to combating two severe overlapping problems with high cost and social complex implications, obesity and COVID-19.
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Rochling FA. Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in the Prevention and Treatment of Liver Disease in Intestinal Failure. Nutrients 2021; 13:895. [PMID: 33801970 PMCID: PMC7999390 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in pediatric and adult patients on parenteral nutrition is usually multifactorial in nature due to nutritional and non-nutritional causes. The role of lipid therapy as a contributing cause is well-established with the pathophysiological pathways now better understood. The review focuses on risk factors for IFALD development, biological effects of lipids, lipid emulsions and the mechanisms of lipid toxicity observed in laboratory animals followed by a synopsis of clinical studies in pediatric and adult patients. The introduction of fish oil-based lipid emulsions that provide partial or complete lipid replacement therapy has resulted in resolution of IFALD that had been associated with soybean oil-based therapy. Based on case reports and cohort studies in pediatric and adult patients who were at risk or developed overt liver disease, we now have more evidence that an early switch to partial or complete fish oil-based lipid therapy should be implemented in order to successfully halt and reverse IFALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedja A Rochling
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-2000, USA
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Costa M, Losada-Barreiro S, Paiva-Martins F, Bravo-Díaz C. Polyphenolic Antioxidants in Lipid Emulsions: Partitioning Effects and Interfacial Phenomena. Foods 2021; 10:539. [PMID: 33807705 PMCID: PMC8001919 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoxidation of lipids in complex systems such as emulsions or biological membranes, although known to occur readily and to be associated with important pathological events, is lacking in quantitative data in spite of the huge efforts that have been made in attempting to unravel the complex mechanisms of lipid oxidation and its inhibition by antioxidants. Lipids are present as oil-in-water emulsions in many foods and pharmaceutical formulations, and the prevalent role of the interfacial region is critical to understand the antioxidant behavior and to correctly interpret antioxidant efficiencies. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the chemical fate of antioxidants before they react with peroxyl radicals. Many researchers highlighted the predominant role of interfaces, and although some attempts have been made to understand their role, in most instances, they were essentially qualitative and based on putative hypotheses. It is only recently that quantitative reports have been published. Indeed, knowledge on the effects of relevant experimental variables on the effective concentrations of antioxidants is necessary for a successful design of alternate, effective antioxidative solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Sonia Losada-Barreiro
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.); (F.P.-M.)
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.L.-B.); (F.P.-M.)
| | - Carlos Bravo-Díaz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de Vigo, 36200 Vigo, Spain
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Martindale RG, Berlana D, Boullata JI, Cai W, Calder PC, Deshpande GH, Evans D, Garcia-de-Lorenzo A, Goulet OJ, Li A, Mayer K, Mundi MS, Muscaritoli M, Pradelli L, Rosenthal M, Seo JM, Waitzberg DL, Klek S. Summary of Proceedings and Expert Consensus Statements From the International Summit "Lipids in Parenteral Nutrition". JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2021; 44 Suppl 1:S7-S20. [PMID: 32049392 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2018 Lipids in Parenteral Nutrition summit involved a panel of experts in clinical nutrition, lipid metabolism, and pharmacology, to assess the current state of knowledge and develop expert consensus statements regarding the use of intravenous lipid emulsions in various patient populations and clinical settings. The main purpose of the consensus statements is to assist healthcare professionals by providing practical guidance on common clinical questions related to the provision of lipid emulsions as part of parenteral nutrition (PN). METHODS The summit was designed to allow interactive discussion and consensus development. The resulting consensus statements represent the collective opinion of the members of the expert panel, which was informed and supported by scientific evidence and clinical experience. RESULTS The current article summarizes the key discussion topics from the summit and provides a set of consensus statements designed to complement existing evidence-based guidelines. Lipid emulsions are a major component of PN, serving as a condensed source of energy and essential fatty acids. In addition, lipids modulate a variety of biologic functions, including inflammatory and immune responses, coagulation, and cell signaling. A growing body of evidence suggests that lipid emulsions containing ω-3 fatty acids from fish oil confer important clinical benefits via suppression of inflammatory mediators and activation of pathways involved in the resolution of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This article provides a set of expert consensus statements to complement formal PN guideline recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Martindale
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David Berlana
- Pharmacy Service, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus and Department of Nutrition, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph I Boullata
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Clinical Nutrition Support Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Girish H Deshpande
- Neonatal NICU, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, Nepean, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - David Evans
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Olivier J Goulet
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Intestinal Failure Rehabilitation Center, National Reference Center for Rare Digestive Diseases, Hospital Necker-Enfants Malades, University of Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Ang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Vidia Kliniken Karlsruhe, Medizinische Klinik IV, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manpreet S Mundi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Rosenthal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeong-Meen Seo
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dan L Waitzberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lim 35, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stanislaw Klek
- Department of General and Oncology Surgery, Intestinal Failure Unit, Stanley Dudrick's Memorial Hospital, Skawina, Poland
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Zaloga GP. Narrative Review of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation upon Immune Functions, Resolution Molecules and Lipid Peroxidation. Nutrients 2021; 13:662. [PMID: 33670710 PMCID: PMC7922327 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil supplementation is commonplace in human nutrition and is being used in both enteral and parenteral formulations during the treatment of patients with a large variety of diseases and immune status. The biological effects of fish oil are believed to result from their content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These fatty acids are known to have numerous effects upon immune functions and are described as immunomodulatory. However, immunomodulatory is a nondescript term that encompasses immunostimulation and immunosuppression. The primary goal of this review is to better describe the immune effects of n-3 PUFA as they relate to immunostimulatory vs. immunosuppressive effects. One mechanism proposed for the immune effects of n-3 PUFA relates to the production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). A second goal of this review is to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation upon production of SPMs. Although n-3 PUFA are stated to possess anti-oxidative properties, these molecules are highly oxidizable due to multiple double bonds and may increase oxidative stress. Thus, the third goal of this review is to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA upon lipid oxidation. We conclude, based upon current scientific evidence, that n-3 PUFA suppress inflammatory responses and most cellular immune responses such as chemotaxis, transmigration, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte functions and should be considered immunosuppressive. n-3 PUFA induced production of resolution molecules is inconsistent with many resolution molecules failing to respond to n-3 PUFA supplementation. n-3 PUFA supplementation is associated with increased lipid peroxidation in most studies. Vitamin E co-administration is unreliable for prevention of the lipid peroxidation. These effects should be considered when administering n-3 PUFA to patients that may be immunosuppressed or under high oxidative stress due to illness or other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Zaloga
- MedSciHealth Consultants, 12931 Sorrento Way, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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38
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Al-Khalaifah H. Modulatory Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Immunity, Represented by Phagocytic Activity. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:569939. [PMID: 33195556 PMCID: PMC7536543 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.569939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have shown substantial importance in human and animal nutrition, especially those of the n-3 group. Development and optimal functioning of the immune system are directed affected by diet. These dietary fatty acids have an important impact on the health and immune competence of various species including human beings. They are essential for the modulation of immune responses in health and disease. Fatty acid composition of immune cells can be modulated by the action of dietary fats and the outcomes in the composition can produce functional effects on reactivity and functioning of immune cells in a short period. There are several mechanisms involved in impacting dietary fatty acids on immune function; however, lipid mediator synthesis from PUFAs is of great importance in terms of inflammation. The objectives of this article are reviewing studies on the impact of PUFA in the diet on phagocytosis of chickens, murine, rats, ruminants, and humans. It also sheds light on the possible mechanism by which this immunomodulation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Al-Khalaifah H, Al-Nasser A. Dietary Supplementation With Various Fat Oils Affect Phytohemagglutinin Skin Test in Broiler Chickens. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1735. [PMID: 32922388 PMCID: PMC7456851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of different dietary supplemental oils on the immune status of broilers. One-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly distributed into eight batteries and fed eight experimental diets. There were 680 broilers, 85 birds per battery. The experimental oils were all used at 10% of the total diet. Each dietary treatment (TRT) contained one of the following essential oils: TRT 1 = control group that received a basal diet + soybean oil (SO); TRT 2 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + sunflower oil (SFO); TRT 3 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + canola oil (CO); TRT 4 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + flaxseed oil (FLO); TRT 5 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + fish oil (FO); TRT 6 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + mix of fish oil and soya oil (SO + FO); TRT 7 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + algal biomass oil (DHA); TRT 8 = basal diet as in TRT 1 + echium oil (EO). All samples were taken from 10 birds per treatment (n = 10). The immune parameters investigated involved measurement of weights of immune organs as a general indicator, hemocytometric measurements, intestinal microbial count and hindgut acidosis, hindgut volatile fatty acids, and cellular immune response using phytohemagglutinin test. The use of the different dietary treatments did not affect the general health status of the chickens, and the mortality was minimal with no signs of illness or outbreaks. The fact that both the control and the treatment diets were equally consumed would indicate that supplemental oil inclusions did not adversely affect the palatability of the diet by the chickens. At 3 weeks of age, there was no significant effect observed in the microbial counts of the intestine. However, at 5 weeks of age, the highest microbial count was significantly observed for broilers fed EO (7.30%), closely followed by SFO (6.95%), and the least microbial counts were observed for CO (5.63%). No significance was observed for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Salmonella. There was no significance observed for the effect of the dietary treatments on the hindgut volatile acid in the broilers. Wattle swelling changes were significant between dietary treatments. The results revealed that dietary FLO, FO, and DHA oils induced higher cellular response than the other treatments (P = 0.035), representing higher cellular response in these groups. In conclusion, supplemental oils rich in n−3 fatty acids may enhance the immune response in broiler chickens, represented by the intestinal microbial counts and the cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Khalaifah
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center (ELSRC), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Afaf Al-Nasser
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center (ELSRC), Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Mohamed Elfadil O, Bonnes SL, Salonen BR, Vellapati S, Patel J, Narasimhan R, Hurt RT, Mundi MS. New Uses for a New Oil: Clinical Applications of Fish Oil Lipid Emulsion. CURRENT SURGERY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40137-020-00259-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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[Effectiveness and safety of two lipid emulsions for parenteral nutrition in postsurgical critically ill patients: Clinoleic® versus SMOFlipid®]. NUTR HOSP 2020; 38:5-10. [PMID: 33319565 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: a lipid emulsion (LE) may result in different immunomodulatory effects depending on its fatty acid composition. LEs enriched with fish oil and those based on olive oil (OOBE) have shown advantages over those derived from soybean oil, although very few studies have compared these with each other, and none was performed in critically ill surgical patients. Objectives: to demonstrate non-inferiority for the therapeutic efficacy of SMOFlipid® (enriched with fish oil) versus Clinoleic® (OOBE) in relation to the occurrence of nosocomial infection and other evolutionary parameters. To demonstrate non-inferiority in the safety profile of SMOFlipid® versus Clinoleic® in terms of mortality and adverse events. Material and method: a phase-III, non-inferiority clinical trial performed in critically ill postsurgical patients. The subjects were randomized to receive SMOFlipid® or Clinoleic®. For comparison of qualitative variables case frequencies and percentages were obtained using the Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Means were compared between groups using Student's t-test. A p-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Farrington-Manning, Miettinen-Nurminen, and Gart-Nam tests were applied in the main non-inferiority analysis of the primary endpoint. Results: during de inclusion period 73 patients were selected, 37 of whom received Clinoleic® and 36 SMOFlipid®. Regarding the variable "decrease in nosocomial infections", SMOFlipid® proved to be non-inferior to Clinoleic®. Regarding the main variable "mortality", SMOFlipid® proved to be non-inferior to Clinoleic®. There were no statistically significant differences in the occurrence of adverse effects either. Conclusions: in our study, SMOFlipid® proved to be non-inferior to Clinoleic® in terms of efficacy and safety.
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