1
|
Dhoble S, Kapse A, Ghegade V, Chogale M, Ghodake V, Patravale V, Vora LK. Design, development, and technical considerations for dry powder inhaler devices. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103954. [PMID: 38531423 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The dry powder inhaler (DPI) stands out as a highly patient-friendly and effective pulmonary formulation, surpassing traditional and other pulmonary dosage forms in certain disease conditions. The development of DPI products, however, presents more complexities than that of other dosage forms, particularly in device design and the integration of the drug formulation. This review focuses on the capabilities of DPI devices in pulmonary drug delivery, with a special emphasis on device design and formulation development. It also discusses into the principles of deep lung particle deposition and device engineering, and provides a current overview of the market for DPI devices. Furthermore, the review highlights the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in DPI product design and discusses the regulatory environment surrounding these devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Dhoble
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Archana Kapse
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vaibhav Ghegade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Manasi Chogale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vinod Ghodake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Elsayed MMA, Alfagih IM, Brockbank K, Aodah AH, Ali R, Almansour K, Shalash AO. Critical attributes of fine excipient materials in carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations: The particle shape and surface properties. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:123966. [PMID: 38452834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The potential of fine excipient materials to improve the aerodynamic performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations is well acknowledged but not fully elucidated. To improve the understanding of this potential, we studied two fine excipient materials: micronized lactose particles and silica microspheres. Inhalation formulations, each composed of a coarse lactose carrier, one of the two fine excipient materials (0.0-15.0 % w/w), and a spray-dried drug (fluticasone propionate) material (1.5 % w/w) were prepared. The physical structure, the flow behavior, the aerosolization behavior, and the aerodynamic performance of the formulations were studied. The two fine excipient materials similarly occupied carrier surface macropores. However, only the micronized lactose particles formed agglomerates and appeared to increase the tensile strength of the formulations. At 2.5 % w/w, the two fine excipient materials similarly improved drug dispersibility, whereas at higher concentrations, the micronized lactose material was more beneficial than the silica microspheres. The findings suggest that fine excipient materials improve drug dispersibility from carrier-based DPI formulations at low concentrations by filling carrier surface macropores and at high concentrations by forming agglomerates and/or enforcing fluidization. The study emphasizes critical attributes of fine excipient materials in carrier-based DPI formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M A Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Iman M Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alhassan H Aodah
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chaugule V, Dos Reis LG, Fletcher DF, Young PM, Traini D, Soria J. A counter-swirl design concept for dry powder inhalers. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123694. [PMID: 38081562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A swirling airflow is incorporated in several dry powder inhalers (DPIs) for effective powder de-agglomeration. This commonly requires the use of a flow-straightening grid in the DPI to reduce drug deposition loss caused by large lateral spreading of the emerging aerosol. Here, we propose a novel grid-free DPI design concept that improves the aerosol flow characteristics and reduces the aforementioned drug loss. The basis of this design is the implementation of a secondary airflow that swirls in the opposite direction (counter-swirl) to that of a primary swirling airflow. In-vitro deposition, computational fluid dynamics simulations and particle image velocimetry measurements are used to evaluate the counter-swirl DPI aerosol performance and flow characteristics. In comparison with a baseline-DPI that has only a primary swirling airflow, the counter-swirl DPI has 20% less deposition of the emitted drug dose in the induction port and pre-separator of a next generation impactor (NGI). This occurs as a result of the lower flow-swirl generated from the counter-swirl DPI which eliminates the axial reverse flow outside of the mouthpiece and substantially reduces lateral spreading in the exiting aerosol. Modifications to the counter-swirl DPI design were made to prevent drug loss from the secondary airflow tangential inlets, which involved the addition of wall perforations in the tangential inlets and the separation of the primary and secondary swirling airflows by an annular channel. These modified DPI devices were successful in that aspect but had higher flow-swirl than that in the counter-swirl DPI and thus had higher drug mass retained in the device and deposited in the induction port and pre-separator of the NGI. The fine particle fraction in the aerosols generated from all the counter-swirl-based DPIs and the baseline-DPI are found to be statistically similar to each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chaugule
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David F Fletcher
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Department of Marketing, Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Australia
| | - Julio Soria
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nair VV, Smyth HDC. Inhalable Excipient-Free Dry Powder of Tigecycline for the Treatment of Pulmonary Infections. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4640-4653. [PMID: 37606919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Tigecycline (TIG) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that has been approved for the treatment of a number of complicated infections, including community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Currently it is available only as an intravenous injection that undergoes rapid chemical degradation and limits the use to in-patient scenarios. The use of TIG as an inhaled dry powder inhaler may offer a promising treatment option for patients with multidrug-resistant respiratory tract infections, such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia). This study explores the feasibility of engineering an inhaled powder formulation of TIG that could administer relevant doses at a wide range of inhalation flow rates while maintaining stability of this labile drug. Using air-jet milling, micronized TIG had excellent aerosolization efficiency, with over 80% of the device emitted dose being within the respirable range. TIG was also readily dispersed using different inhaler devices even when tested at different pressure drops and flow rates. Additionally, micronized TIG was stable for 6 months at 25 °C/60% RH and 40 °C/75% RH. Micronized TIG maintained a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of 0.8 μM and >0.5 μM, respectively in S. maltophilia cultures in vitro. These results strongly suggest that the micronization of TIG results in a stable and respirable formulation that can be delivered via the pulmonary route for the treatment of lung infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha V Nair
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Smith C, Lyndon M, Jeong L, Lehman D, Jameson JB, Chevva H, Ayala-Fierro F, Cook D, Carter K, Oldham M, Gillman IG. Analytical approaches for the evaluation of data deficient simulated leachable compounds in ENDS products: a case study. Front Chem 2023; 11:1212744. [PMID: 37601911 PMCID: PMC10436322 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1212744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leachable investigations are routinely undertaken across a range of sectors (e.g., pharmaceuticals, medical devices, etc.) to determine whether chemicals from a container closure system transfer into a product under normal conditions of use. For Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) the container closure system includes all materials in contact with the e-liquid that is aerosolized and subsequently inhaled by the user. Currently, there is no guidance for conducting leachable studies for ENDS products, however, there are relevant guidance documents for orally inhaled drug products that can be applied to an ENDS container closure system. We present a case study of the analytical investigation of two leachable compounds identified in simulated leachable studies using aged JUULpods filled with unflavored e-liquid (PG/VG/nicotine/benzoic acid). Both compounds had limited toxicological information and were considered data deficient. A qualitative analysis of the aerosol collected from aged commercial JUULpods (Virginia Tobacco and Menthol), using a similar analytical method (LC-MS/MS) used in the simulated leachable studies, showed no trace or detectable levels of either leachable compound. Therefore, this qualitative analysis did not provide semi-quantitative values for the data-deficient leachable compounds necessary to support toxicological risk assessment. Further, no commercial authentic standards or reasonable synthetic route were available due to the molecular size and structural complexity of the compounds. Instead, method limits were established using an alternative approach to standard ICH guidelines. The experimentally determined method limit of quantitation, using spiked samples of simulated leachable e-liquid, provided conservative semi-quantitative values for each data deficient leachable compound in the aerosol that enabled a transfer efficiency from e-liquid to aerosol to be estimated. The transfer efficiency of each leachable compound was experimentally determined to be less than 2% based on the limit of quantitation, which then could be used to define a relevant exposure limit for the toxicological risk assessment. This work details a novel analytical approach for determining the transfer efficiency of data deficient leachable compounds from ENDS container closure systems into the ENDS aerosol to support toxicological health risk assessments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Azeem A, Singh G, Li L, Chan HK, Yang R, Cheng S, Kourmatzis A. Quantifying Agglomerate-to-Wall Impaction in Dry Powder Inhalers. Pharm Res 2023; 40:307-319. [PMID: 36471024 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The probability of agglomerate-to-wall collision was quantified using a unique image processing technique applied to high-speed microscopic images. The study aimed to investigate the effects of flow rate and particle size on the percentage of colliding agglomerates detected within an in-house powder dispersion device. METHOD The device consists of a swirl chamber and two tangential inlets in various configurations, designed to emulate the geometric features of commercial devices such as the Aerolizer® and Osmohaler®. The test cases were conducted with constant flow rates of 30 SLPM and 60 SLPM. Four powder samples were tested, including carrier Respitose® SV010 (median volume diameter 104 µm, span 1.7) and mannitol of three constituent primary particle sizes (3 µm, 5 µm and 7 µm; span 1.6 - 1.9). RESULTS At the lower flow rate of 30 SLPM, collision frequencies were significantly different between powders of different constituent particle sizes, but the effects of powder properties diminished on increasing the flow rate to 60 SLPM. At the higher flow rate, all powders experienced a significant increase in the proportion of colliding particles. CONCLUSION Analysis of collision events showed that the probability of collision for each agglomerate increased with agglomerate diameter and velocity. Experimental data of agglomerate-to-wall collision were utilised to develop a logistic regression model that can accurately predict collisions with various powders and flow rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athiya Azeem
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Gajendra Singh
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Engineering, IIT Mandi, Mandi, HP, 175075, India
| | - Lunjian Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Runyu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shaokoon Cheng
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Agisilaos Kourmatzis
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Panunzi S, Gaz C, Cibella F, De Gaetano A. Validation of a simplified-geometry model of inhaled formoterol pharmacodynamics in asthmatic patients. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1018050. [PMID: 36545282 PMCID: PMC9762503 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1018050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PharmacoKinetics (PK) and PharmacoDynamics (PD) mathematical models of inhaled bronchodilators represent useful tools for understanding the mechanisms of drug action and for the individuation of therapy regimens. A PK/PD model for inhaled bronchoactive compounds was previously proposed, incorporating a simplified-geometry approach: the key feature of that model is a mixed compartmental and spatially distributed representation of the kinetics, with the direct computation of representative flow rates from Ohm's law and bronchial diameter profiles. The aim of the present work is the enrichment and validation of this simplified geometry modeling approach against clinical efficacy data. The improved model is used to compute airflow response to treatment for each single virtual patient from a simulated population and it is found to produce very good fits to observed FEV1 profiles. The model provides a faithful quantitative description of the increasing degree of improvement with respect to basal conditions with continuing administration and with increasing drug dosages, as clinically expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Panunzi
- Laboratorio di Biomatematica (BioMatLab), Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica “A. Ruberti”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy,*Correspondence: Simona Panunzi,
| | - Claudio Gaz
- Laboratorio di Biomatematica (BioMatLab), Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica “A. Ruberti”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy,Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kingston University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Cibella
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea De Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Biomatematica (BioMatLab), Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi ed Informatica “A. Ruberti”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy,Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy,Department of Biomatics, Óbuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Numerical Modeling of Particle Dynamics Inside a Dry Powder Inhaler. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122591. [PMID: 36559084 PMCID: PMC9783107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel dry powders for dry powder inhalers (DPIs) requires the in vitro assessment of DPI aerodynamic performance. As a potential complementary method, in silico numerical simulations can provide additional information about the mechanisms that guide the particles and their behavior inside DPIs. The aim of this study was to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) coupled with a discrete phase model (DPM) to describe the forces and particle trajectories inside the RS01® as a model DPI device. The methodology included standard fluid flow equations but also additional equations for the particle sticking mechanism, as well as particle behavior after contacting the DPI wall surface, including the particle detachment process. The results show that the coefficient of restitution between the particle and the impact surface does not have a high impact on the results, meaning that all tested combinations gave similar output efficiencies and particle behaviors. No sliding or rolling mechanisms were observed for the particle detachment process, meaning that simple bouncing off or deposition particle behavior is present inside DPIs. The developed methodology can serve as a basis for the additional understanding of the particles' behavior inside DPIs, which is not possible using only in vitro experiments; this implies the possibility of increasing the efficiency of DPIs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohan AR, Wang Q, Dhapare S, Bielski E, Kaviratna A, Han L, Boc S, Newman B. Advancements in the Design and Development of Dry Powder Inhalers and Potential Implications for Generic Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112495. [PMID: 36432683 PMCID: PMC9695470 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are drug-device combination products where the complexity of the formulation, its interaction with the device, and input from users play important roles in the drug delivery. As the landscape of DPI products advances with new powder formulations and novel device designs, understanding how these advancements impact performance can aid in developing generics that are therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug (RLD) products. This review details the current understanding of the formulation and device related principles driving DPI performance, past and present research efforts to characterize these performance factors, and the implications that advances in formulation and device design may present for evaluating bioequivalence (BE) for generic development.
Collapse
|
10
|
Newman B, Babiskin A, Bielski E, Boc S, Dhapare S, Fang L, Feibus K, Kaviratna A, Li BV, Luke MC, Ma T, Spagnola M, Walenga RL, Wang Z, Zhao L, El-Gendy N, Bertha CM, Abd El-Shafy M, Gaglani DK. Scientific and regulatory activities initiated by the U.S. Food and drug administration to foster approvals of generic dry powder inhalers: Bioequivalence perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114526. [PMID: 36067967 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory science for generic dry powder inhalers (DPIs) in the United States (U.S.) has evolved over the last decade. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published the draft product-specific guidance (PSG) for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate inhalation powder. This was the first PSG for a DPI available in the U.S., which provided details on a weight-of-evidence approach for establishing bioequivalence (BE). A variety of research activities including in vivo and in vitro studies were used to support these recommendations, which have led to the first approval of a generic DPI in the U.S. for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate inhalation powder in January of 2019. This review describes the scientific and regulatory activities that have been initiated by FDA to support the current BE recommendations for DPIs that led to the first generic DPI approvals, as well as research with novel in vitro and in silico methods that may potentially facilitate generic DPI development and approval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Newman
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bielski
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Boc
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lanyan Fang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Katharine Feibus
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Anubhav Kaviratna
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Bing V Li
- Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Tian Ma
- Division of Bioequivalence I, Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Spagnola
- Division of Clinical Safety and Surveillance, Office of Safety and Clinical Evaluation, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross L Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Nashwa El-Gendy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Craig M Bertha
- Division of New Drug Products II, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammed Abd El-Shafy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dhaval K Gaglani
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang F, Zhou X, Dai W, Yu J, Zhou Z, Tong Z, Yu A. In Vitro and In Silico Investigations on Drug Delivery in the Mouth-Throat Models with Handihaler®. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3005-3019. [PMID: 36071350 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the relative inhalation parameters that affect the deposition of inhaled aerosols, including mouth-throat morphology, airflow rate, and initial condition of emitted particles. In vitro experiments were conducted using the US Pharmacopeia (USP) throat and a realistic mouth-throat (RMT) with Handihaler®. Then, in silico study of the gas-solid flow was performed by computational fluid dynamics and discrete phase method. Results indicated that aerosol deposition in RMT was higher compared to that in USP throat at an airflow rate of 30 L/min, with 33.16 ± 7.84% and 21.11 ± 7.1% lung deposition in USP throat and RMT models, respectively, which showed a better correlation with in vivo data from the literature. Increasing airflow rate resulted in better drug aerosolization, while the fine particle dose trend ascended before declining, with the peak value obtained at a flow rate of 40 L/min. Overall, the effect of geometrical variation was more significant. Additionally, in silico results demonstrated clearly that the initial conditions of the emitted particles from inhalers affected the subsequent deposition. Larger momentum possessed by the central aerosol jet entering the mouth directly led to stronger impaction, which resulted in the deposition in the front region of mouth-throat models. This study is beneficial to develop an in silico method to understand the underlying mechanisms of in vivo mouth-throat deposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Huang
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - Xudong Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - Wen Dai
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Institute for Process Modelling and Optimization, JITRI, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zongyan Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Simulation and Modelling of Particulate Systems, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zhenbo Tong
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Aibing Yu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A CFD-DEM investigation of powder transport and aerosolization in ELLIPTA® dry powder inhaler. POWDER TECHNOL 2022; 409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
13
|
Ruan X, Yu J, Miao H, Li R, Tong Z. Remdesivir Powders Manufactured by Jet Milling for Potential Pulmonary Treatment of COVID-19. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:635-645. [PMID: 35787731 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2098975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir is one of the effective drugs proposed for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the study on inhalable regimen is currently limited though COVID-19 is respiratory diseases and infects lung area. This work aims to prepare inhalable remdesivir formulations and verify their effectiveness through in vitro evaluations.Formulations containing different ratios of jet-milled inhalable remdesivir (5%, 10%, 20%,40%,70%) with excipients were produced and characterized in terms of the particle size distribution, particle morphology, flowability, water content, crystallinity, the water sorption and desorption capabilities and the aerodynamic performance.Results indicating that drug loading is a vital factor in facilitating the dispersion of remdesivir dry powder, and the ternary excipient plays a negligible role in improving aerosol performance. Besides, the 70% remdesivir with lactose carrier (70%RD-Lac) was physically stable and retain high aerosol performance after conditioned at 40 °C and 75% RH for a month. Therefore, formulation 70% RD-Lac might be recommended as a candidate product for the potential treatment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ruan
- Southeast University - Sipailou Campus, School of Energy and Environment, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Institute for Process Modelling and Optimization, suzhou, China
| | - Hao Miao
- Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Australia
| | - Renjie Li
- Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Australia
| | - Zhenbo Tong
- Southeast University, School of Energy and Environment, Nanjing, 210096 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sommerfeld M. Detailed evaluation of drug powder deposition in swirl-type dry powder inhalers. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Capsule-Based Dry Powder Inhaler Evaluation Using CFD-DEM Simulations and Next Generation Impactor Data. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 175:106226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Scherließ R, Bock S, Bungert N, Neustock A, Valentin L. Particle engineering in dry powders for inhalation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 172:106158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
17
|
Ding L, Brunaugh AD, Thakkar R, Lee C, Zhao QJ, Kalafat J, Maniruzzaman M, Smyth HDC. Comparison of HPMC Inhalation-Grade Capsules and Their Effect on Aerosol Performance Using Budesonide and Rifampicin DPI Formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:52. [PMID: 35018574 PMCID: PMC8752038 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that capsules play an important role in many dry powder inhalation (DPI) systems, few studies have been conducted to investigate the capsules’ interactions with respirable powders. The effect of four commercially available hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)inhalation-grade capsule types on the aerosol performance of two model DPI formulations (lactose carrier and a carrier-free formulation) at two different pressure drops was investigated in this study. There were no statistically significant differences in performance between capsules by using the carrier-based formulation. However, there were some differences between the capsules used for the carrier-free rifampicin formulation. At 2-kPa pressure drop conditions, Embocaps® VG capsules had a higher mean emitted fraction (EF) (89.86%) and a lower mean mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) (4.19 µm) than Vcaps® (Capsugel) (85.54%, 5.10 µm) and Quali-V® I (Qualicaps) (85.01%, 5.09 µm), but no significant performance differences between Embocaps® and ACGcaps™ HI. Moreover, Embocaps® VG capsules exhibited a higher mean respirable fraction (RF)/fine particle fraction (FPF) with a 3-µm–sized cutoff (RF/FPF< 3 µm) (33.05%/35.36%) against Quali-V® I (28.16%/31.75%) (P < 0.05), and a higher RF/FPF with a 5-µm–sized cutoff (RF/FPF< 5 µm) (49.15%/52.57%) versus ACGcaps™ HI (38.88%/41.99%) (P < 0.01) at 4-kPa pressure drop condition. Aerosol performance variability, pierced-flap detachment, as well as capsule hardness and stiffness, may all influence capsule type selection in a carrier-based formulation. The capsule type influenced EF, RF, FPF, and MMAD in the carrier-free formulation.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cui Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Lu X, Xue J, Wang G, Hu P, Yue X, Zhao Z, Pan X, Wu C. A real-time and modular approach for quick detection and mechanism exploration of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:437-450. [PMID: 35127397 PMCID: PMC8799997 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) had been widely used in lung diseases on account of direct pulmonary delivery, good drug stability and satisfactory patient compliance. However, an indistinct understanding of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) hindered the development of DPIs. Most current evaluation methods explored the PDPs with over-simplified models, leading to uncompleted investigations of the whole or partial PDPs. In the present research, an innovative modular process analysis platform (MPAP) was applied to investigate the detailed mechanisms of each PDP of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes (CPS). The MPAP was composed of a laser particle size analyzer, an inhaler device, an artificial throat and a pre-separator, to investigate the fluidization and dispersion, transportation, detachment and deposition process of DPIs. The release profiles of drug, drug aggregation and carrier were monitored in real-time. The influence of CPS on PDPs and corresponding mechanisms were explored. The powder properties of the carriers were investigated by the optical profiler and Freeman Technology four powder rheometer. The next generation impactor was employed to explore the aerosolization performance of DPIs. The novel MPAP was successfully applied in exploring the comprehensive mechanism of PDPs, which had enormous potential to be used to investigate and develop DPIs.
Collapse
Key Words
- AE, aerated energy
- APIs, active pharmaceutical ingredients
- AR, aeration ratio
- BFE, basic flow Energy
- C.OPT, optical concentration
- CFD-DEM, computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method
- CPS, carrier particle size
- Carrier particle size
- DPIs, dry powder inhalers
- Dry powder inhaler
- ED, emitted dose
- EDXS, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- FC, centrifugal force
- FD, drag force
- FF, friction force
- FG, gravity
- FI, interaction force
- FP, press-on force
- FPD, fine particle dose
- FPF, fine particle fraction
- FT4, Freeman Technology 4
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HPMC, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose
- LAC, lactose
- MFV, minimum fluidization velocity
- MMAD, mass median aerodynamic diameter
- MOC, micro orifice collector
- MPAP, modular process analysis platform
- MSS, micronized salbutamol sulfate
- NGI, Next Generation Impactor
- O, oxygen
- PD, pressure drop
- PDP, pulmonary delivery process
- PSF, particle size fractions
- Pulmonary delivery process
- Quick detection
- R, release amount
- RAUC, total release amount
- Real-time monitor
- Rmax, maximum of release amount
- S, stopping distance
- SE, specific energy
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- SSA, specific surface area
- T, time
- TE, total engery
- Tmax, the time to reach Rmax
- Tt, terminal time
- U0, air flow rate
- V0, velocity
- dQ3, the volume percentage of particles within certain range
- dae, aerodynamic diameter
Collapse
|
19
|
Park H, Han CS, Park CW, Kim K. Newly designed mouthpiece to improve spray characteristics of pharmaceutical particles in dry powder inhaler. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.117039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Park H, Han CS, Park CW, Kim K. Change in spray behavior of pharmaceutical particles by creating bypass hole in dry powder inhaler. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.117034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
21
|
Matuszak M, Ochowiak M, Włodarczak S, Krupińska A, Doligalski M. State-of-the-Art Review of The Application and Development of Various Methods of Aerosol Therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121432. [PMID: 34971755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol therapy is a rapidly developing field of science. Due to a number of advantages, the administration of drugs to the body with the use of aerosol therapy is becoming more and more popular. Spraying drugs into the patient's lungs has a significant advantage over other methods of administering drugs to the body, including injection and oral methods. In order to conduct proper and effective aerosol therapy, it is necessary to become familiar with the basic principles and applications of aerosol therapy under various conditions. The effectiveness of inhalation depends on many factors, but most of all on: the physicochemical properties of the sprayed system, the design of the medical inhaler and its correct application, the dynamics of inhalation (i.e. the frequency of breathing and the volume of inhaled air). It is worth emphasizing that respiratory system diseases are one of the most frequently occurring and fastest growing diseases in the world. Accordingly, in recent years, a significant increase in the number of new spraying devices and pharmaceutical drugs for spraying has appeared on the market. It should also be remembered that the process of spraying a liquid is a complicated and complex process, and its efficiency is very often characterized by the use of micro- and macro parameters (including average droplet diameters or the spectrum of droplet diameter distribution). In order to determine the effectiveness of the atomization process and in the delivery of drugs to the patient's respiratory tract, the analysis of the size of the generated aerosol droplets is most often performed. Based on the proposed literature review, it has been shown that many papers dealt with the issues related to aerosol therapy, the selection of an appropriate spraying device, the possibility of modifying the spraying devices in order to increase the effectiveness of inhalation, and the possibility of occurrence of certain discrepancies resulting from the use of various measurement methods to determine the characteristics of the generated aerosol. The literature review presented in the paper was prepared in order to better understand the spraying process. Moreover, it can be helpful in choosing the right medical inhaler for a given liquid with specific rheological properties. The experimental data contained in this study are of great cognitive importance and may be of interest to entities involved in pharmaceutical product engineering (in particular in the case of the production of drugs containing liquids with complex rheological properties).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Matuszak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - M Ochowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - S Włodarczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - A Krupińska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Doligalski
- Faculty of Computer, Electrical and Control Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, 4a Szafrana Street, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sulaiman M, Liu X, Sundaresan S. Effects of dose loading conditions and device geometry on the transport and aerosolization in dry powder inhalers: A simulation study. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121219. [PMID: 34699949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The transport and aerosolization of particles are studied in several different dry powder inhaler geometries via Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) simulations. These simulations combine Large Eddy Simulation of gas with Discrete Element Model simulation of all the carrier particles and a representative subset of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles. The purpose of the study is to probe the dominant mechanism leading to the release of the API particles and to demonstrate the value of the CFD-DEM simulations where one tracks the motion of all the carrier and API particles. Simulations are performed at different inhalation rates and initial dose loading conditions for the screen-haler geometry, a simple cylindrical tube inhaler, and five different geometry modifications that took the form of bumpy walls and baffles. These geometry modifications alter the residence time of the powder sample in the inhaler, pressure drop across the inhaler, the severity of gas-carrier interactions, and the number of collisions experienced by the carrier particles, all of which are quantified. The quality of aerosolization is found to correlate with the average air-carrier slip velocity, while collisions played only a secondary role. Some geometry modifications improved aerosolization quality with very little increase in the pressure drop across the device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Comparative Assessment of In Vitro and In Silico Methods for Aerodynamic Characterization of Powders for Inhalation. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111831. [PMID: 34834247 PMCID: PMC8619946 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro assessment of dry powders for inhalation (DPIs) aerodynamic performance is an inevitable test in DPI development. However, contemporary trends in drug development also implicate the use of in silico methods, e.g., computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with discrete phase modeling (DPM). The aim of this study was to compare the designed CFD-DPM outcomes with the results of three in vitro methods for aerodynamic assessment of solid lipid microparticle DPIs. The model was able to simulate particle-to-wall sticking and estimate fractions of particles that stick or bounce off the inhaler's wall; however, we observed notable differences between the in silico and in vitro results. The predicted emitted fractions (EFs) were comparable to the in vitro determined EFs, whereas the predicted fine particle fractions (FPFs) were generally lower than the corresponding in vitro values. In addition, CFD-DPM predicted higher mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) in comparison to the in vitro values. The outcomes of different in vitro methods also diverged, implying that these methods are not interchangeable. Overall, our results support the utility of CFD-DPM in the DPI development, but highlight the need for additional improvements in these models to capture all the key processes influencing aerodynamic performance of specific DPIs.
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu X, Sulaiman M, Kolehmainen J, Ozel A, Sundaresan S. Particle-based coarse-grained approach for simulating dry powder inhaler. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120821. [PMID: 34171427 PMCID: PMC10679953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery via dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a complex process affected by multiple factors involving gas and particles. The performance of a carrier-based formulation depends on the release of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) particles, typically characterized by fine particle fraction (FPF) and dispersion fraction (DF). Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled with Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) can capture relevant gas and particle interactions but is computationally expensive, especially when tracking all carrier and API particles. This study assessed the efficacy of two coarse-grained CFD-DEM approaches, the Discrete Parcel Method and the representative particle approach, through highly-resolved CFD-DEM simulations. The representative particle approach simulates all carrier particles and a subset of API particles, whereas the Discrete Parcel Method tracks parcels representing a specified number of carrier or API particles. Both approaches are viable for a small carrier-API size ratio which requires modest degrees of coarse-graining, but the Discrete Parcel Method showed limitations for a large carrier-API size ratio. The representative particle approach can approximate CFD-DEM results with reasonable accuracies when simulations include at least 10 representative API particles per carrier. Using the representative particle approach, we probed powder characteristics that could affect FPF and DF in a model problem and correlated these fractions with the maximum carrier-API cohesive force per unit mass of API particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Mostafa Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jari Kolehmainen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ali Ozel
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Sankaran Sundaresan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ding L, Brunaugh AD, Stegemann S, Jermain SV, Herpin MJ, Kalafat J, Smyth HDC. A Quality by Design Framework for Capsule-Based Dry Powder Inhalers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1213. [PMID: 34452174 PMCID: PMC8399055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsule-based dry powder inhalers (cDPIs) are widely utilized in the delivery of pharmaceutical powders to the lungs. In these systems, the fundamental nature of the interactions between the drug/formulation powder, the capsules, the inhaler device, and the patient must be fully elucidated in order to develop robust manufacturing procedures and provide reproducible lung deposition of the drug payload. Though many commercially available DPIs utilize a capsule-based dose metering system, an in-depth analysis of the critical factors associated with the use of the capsule component has not yet been performed. This review is intended to provide information on critical factors to be considered for the application of a quality by design (QbD) approach for cDPI development. The quality target product profile (QTPP) defines the critical quality attributes (CQAs) which need to be understood to define the critical material attributes (CMA) and critical process parameters (CPP) for cDPI development as well as manufacturing and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Ashlee D. Brunaugh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Sven Stegemann
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Scott V. Jermain
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Matthew J. Herpin
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Justin Kalafat
- ACG North America, LLC, 262 Old New Brunswick Road, Suite A, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Hugh D. C. Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fletcher DF, Chaugule V, Gomes Dos Reis L, Young PM, Traini D, Soria J. On the Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modelling to Design Improved Dry Powder Inhalers. Pharm Res 2021; 38:277-288. [PMID: 33575958 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to investigate the impact of adding a grid to a two-inlet dry powder inhaler (DPI). The purpose of the paper is to show the importance of the correct choice of closure model and modeling approach, as well as to perform validation against particle dispersion data obtained from in-vitro studies and flow velocity data obtained from particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments. METHODS CFD simulations are performed using the Ansys Fluent 2020R1 software package. Two RANS turbulence models (realisable k - ε and k - ω SST) and the Stress Blended Eddy Simulation (SBES) models are considered. Lagrangian particle tracking for both carrier and fine particles is also performed. RESULTS Excellent comparison with the PIV data is found for the SBES approach and the particle tracking data are consistent with the dispersion results, given the simplicity of the assumptions made. CONCLUSIONS This work shows the importance of selecting the correct turbulence modelling approach and boundary conditions to obtain good agreement with PIV data for the flow-field exiting the device. With this validated, the model can be used with much higher confidence to explore the fluid and particle dynamics within the device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David F Fletcher
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vishal Chaugule
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Larissa Gomes Dos Reis
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julio Soria
- Laboratory for Turbulence Research in Aerospace and Combustion (LTRAC), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zheng Z, Leung SSY, Gupta R. Flow and Particle Modelling of Dry Powder Inhalers: Methodologies, Recent Development and Emerging Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:189. [PMID: 33535512 PMCID: PMC7912775 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a device used to deliver a drug in dry powder form to the lungs. A wide range of DPI products is currently available, with the choice of DPI device largely depending on the dose, dosing frequency and powder properties of formulations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), together with various particle motion modelling tools, such as discrete particle methods (DPM) and discrete element methods (DEM), have been increasingly used to optimise DPI design by revealing the details of flow patterns, particle trajectories, de-agglomerations and depositions within the device and the delivery paths. This review article focuses on the development of the modelling methodologies of flow and particle behaviours in DPI devices and their applications to device design in several emerging fields. Various modelling methods, including the most recent multi-scale approaches, are covered and the latest simulation studies of different devices are summarised and critically assessed. The potential and effectiveness of the modelling tools in optimising designs of emerging DPI devices are specifically discussed, such as those with the features of high-dose, pediatric patient compatibility and independency of patients' inhalation manoeuvres. Lastly, we summarise the challenges that remain to be addressed in DPI-related fluid and particle modelling and provide our thoughts on future research direction in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanying Zheng
- Center for Turbulence Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sharon Shui Yee Leung
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong;
| | - Raghvendra Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rudén J, Frenning G, Bramer T, Thalberg K, Alderborn G. On the relationship between blend state and dispersibility of adhesive mixtures containing active pharmaceutical ingredients. Int J Pharm X 2021; 3:100069. [PMID: 33409485 PMCID: PMC7773864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this investigation were to study the evolution in blend state of adhesive mixtures containing the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) salbutamol, budesonide and AZD5423 and to study the relationship between blend state and dispersibility of the mixtures, as assessed by the fine particle fraction (FPF). A series of adhesive mixtures of varied fines concentration were prepared for each API using the same type of carrier. Based on visual examination and powder mechanics, blend states were identified and summarized as blend state maps for each API. The dispersibility of the mixtures was studied using a Fast Screening Impactor (FSI) equipped with a ScreenHaler. The evolution in blend state differed between the APIs in terms of the width of the blend states. The structure of the adhesion layer also differed between the APIs, from relatively uniform to a heterogeneous layer with small agglomerates dispersed on the carrier surface. All three APIs expressed a similar type of bended relationship between FPF and fines concentration. However, the initial rate of increase and the fines concentration of the plateau differed between the APIs. The adhesive mixtures of all APIs followed the three main states in terms of structural evolution and the overall shape of the FPF-fines concentration profiles could be explained by the evolution in blend state. It is proposed that the structure of the adhesion layer is an important factor explaining the differences in blend state - blend dispersibility relationships between the APIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Rudén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and the Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Göran Frenning
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and the Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Bramer
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kyrre Thalberg
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Emmace Consulting AB, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Göran Alderborn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and the Swedish Drug Delivery Forum (SDDF), Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Horváth A, Farkas Á, Szipőcs A, Tomisa G, Szalai Z, Gálffy G. Numerical simulation of the effect of inhalation parameters, gender, age and disease severity on the lung deposition of dry powder aerosol drugs emitted by Turbuhaler®, Breezhaler® and Genuair® in COPD patients. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 154:105508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Mitani R, Ohsaki S, Nakamura H, Watano S. Numerical Study on Particle Adhesion in Dry Powder Inhaler Device. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:726-736. [PMID: 32741913 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the particle adhesion mechanism in a capsule of dry powder inhaler (DPI) based on a combined computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) approach. In this study, the Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) theory was selected as the adhesion force model. The simulation results corroborated the experimental results-numerous particles remained on the outlet side of the capsule, while a few particles remained on the inlet side. In the computer simulation, the modeled particles were placed in a capsule. They were quickly dispersed to both sides of the capsule, by air fed from one side of the capsule, and delivered from the air inlet side to the outlet side of the capsule. It was confirmed that vortex flows were seen at the outlet side of the capsule, which, however, were not seen at the inlet side. Numerous collisions were observed at the outlet side, while very few collisions were observed at the inlet side. These results suggested that the vortex flows were crucial to reduce the amount of residual particles in the capsule. The original capsule was then modified to enhance the vortex flow in the area, where many particles were found remaining. The modified capsule reduced the number of residual particles compared to the original capsule. This investigation suggests that the CFD-DEM approach can be a great tool for understanding the particle adhesion mechanism and improving the delivery efficiency of DPIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Mitani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shuji Ohsaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Hideya Nakamura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Satoru Watano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Microstructural characterization of carrier-based dry powder inhalation excipients: Insights and guidance. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118482. [PMID: 31260786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in development of dry powder inhalation (DPI) products raises a need for development of standard testing methods and specifications for DPI excipients. The pharmaceutical industry, meanwhile, yet lacks compendial guidance on this topic. Despite of the complexity of interactions taking place in DPI systems and the large number and variety of interplaying factors, understanding of key determinants of performance (critical quality attributes) of DPI excipients have considerably developed over the past years. In light of the current knowledge in this area, this article provides technical guidance and insights on testing and quality control of carrier-based-DPI excipients. These excipients are, typically, blends of coarse, carrier particles and fine, performance-modulating particles. The article explores techniques used for measurement of key microstructural attributes, namely the particle size distribution, the porosity and the particle surface roughness, the particle shape, rheological properties, and the permeability, of these excipients. The technical relevance of each measurement to the functionality of the excipients is critically discussed. In this regard, caveats concerning use of some measurements and data analysis procedures are raised. The guidance lends itself for compendial adoption.
Collapse
|
32
|
Tamadondar MR, Rasmuson A. The effect of carrier surface roughness on wall collision‐induced detachment of micronized pharmaceutical particles. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Tamadondar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Anders Rasmuson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Brunaugh AD, Wu T, Kanapuram SR, Smyth HDC. Effect of Particle Formation Process on Characteristics and Aerosol Performance of Respirable Protein Powders. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4165-4180. [PMID: 31448924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of biopharmaceuticals may enable targeted local therapeutic effect and noninvasive systemic administration. Dry powder inhaler (DPI) delivery is an established patient-friendly approach for delivering large molecules to the lungs; however, the complexities of balancing protein stability with aerosol performance require that the design space of biopharmaceutical DPI formulations is rigorously explored. Utilizing four rationally selected formulations obtained using identical atomization conditions, an extensive study of the effect of the particle formation process (spray drying or spray freeze-drying) on powder properties, aerosol performance, and protein stability was performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to understand the relationship between powder properties, device dispersion mechanism, and aerosol performance. Spray drying and spray freeze-drying, despite the same spraying conditions, produced powders with vastly different physical characteristics, though similar aerosol performance. The resulting regression model points to the significance of particle size, density, and surface properties on the resulting aerosol performance, with these factors weighing differently according to the device dispersion mechanism utilized (shear-based or impaction-based). The physical properties of the produced spray dried and spray freeze-dried powders have differing implications for long-term stability, which will be explored extensively in a future study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee D Brunaugh
- College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Tian Wu
- Amgen , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , United States
| | - Sekhar R Kanapuram
- Amgen , One Amgen Center Drive , Thousand Oaks , California 91320 , United States
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214 , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kou X, Heng PWS, Chan LW, Wereley ST, Carvajal MT. Effect of Roughness on the Dispersion of Dry Powders for Inhalation: a Dynamic Visualization Perspective. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:271. [PMID: 31363868 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1482-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers have attracted more interest over the years in every aspect related to them. Interestingly, when focusing on the effects of particle morphology of the active or carrier (excipient), it is generally regarded particle size and shape to influence drug availability of aerosolized particles. However, to date, few studies have examined the effect of texture, i.e., roughness, on this relationship. The main objective of the present work is to gain a closer understanding of the influence of carrier morphology on the aerosolization performance of dry powder inhaler formulations. Image analysis and microscopy were used to visualize the aerosolization process. It is considered that the scale of morphological features on the surface of the carrier particles is responsible for the dispersion of the powder formulation, separation of the drug/carrier, and entrainment from a dry powder inhaler. Thus, for this study, the carrier particles of different surface roughness were mixed with micronized salbutamol sulphate. Aerosolization in vitro testing was used to evaluate the performance. The results indicate a connection between the qualitative surface roughness of coarse carriers and aerosolization performance during powder dispersibility. This investigation demonstrated that indeed, powder dispersion, a dynamic process, is influenced by the scale of the carrier morphology.
Collapse
|
35
|
Molina C, Kaialy W, Chen Q, Commandeur D, Nokhodchi A. Agglomerated novel spray-dried lactose-leucine tailored as a carrier to enhance the aerosolization performance of salbutamol sulfate from DPI formulations. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 8:1769-1780. [PMID: 29260462 PMCID: PMC6280810 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Spray-drying allows to modify the physicochemical/mechanical properties of particles along with their morphology. In the present study, L-leucine with varying concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, and 10% w/v) were incorporated into lactose monohydrate solution for spray-drying to enhance the aerosolization performance of dry powder inhalers containing spray-dried lactose-leucine and salbutamol sulfate. The prepared spray-dried lactose-leucine carriers were analyzed using laser diffraction (particle size), differential scanning calorimetry (thermal behavior), scanning electron microscopy (morphology), powder X-ray diffraction (crystallinity), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (interaction at molecular level), and in vitro aerosolization performance (deposition). The results showed that the efficacy of salbutamol sulfate’s aerosolization performance was, in part, due to the introduction of L-leucine in the carrier, prior to being spray-dried, accounting for an increase in the fine particle fraction (FPF) of salbutamol sulfate from spray-dried lactose-leucine (0.5% leucine) in comparison to all other carriers. It was shown that all of the spray-dried carriers were spherical in their morphology with some agglomerates and contained a mixture of amorphous, α-lactose, and β-lactose. It was also interesting to note that spray-dried lactose-leucine particles were agglomerated during the spray-drying process to make coarse particles (volume mean diameter of 79 to 87 μm) suitable as a carrier in DPI formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Molina
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Waseem Kaialy
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Qiao Chen
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Daniel Commandeur
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. .,Drug Applied Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz Medical Sciences University, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dolovich MB, Kuttler A, Dimke TJ, Usmani OS. Biophysical model to predict lung delivery from a dual bronchodilator dry-powder inhaler. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS-X 2019; 1:100018. [PMID: 31517283 PMCID: PMC6733285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2019.100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A biophysical lung model was designed to predict inhaled drug deposition in patients with obstructive airway disease, and quantitatively investigate sources of deposition variability. Different mouth-throat anatomies at varying simulated inhalation flows were used to calculate the lung dose of indacaterol/glycopyrronium [IND/GLY] 110/50 µg (QVA149) from the dry-powder inhaler Breezhaler®. Sources of variability in lung dose were studied using computational fluid dynamics, supported by aerosol particle sizing measurements, particle image velocimetry and computed tomography. Anatomical differences in mouth-throat geometries were identified as a major source of inter-subject variability in lung deposition. Lung dose was similar across inhalation flows of 30–120 L/min with a slight drop in calculated delivery at high inspiratory flows. Delivery was relatively unaffected by inhaler inclination angle. The delivered lung dose of the fixed-dose combination IND/GLY matched well with corresponding monotherapy doses. This biophysical model indicates low extra-thoracic drug loss and consistent lung delivery of IND/GLY, independent of inhalation flows. This is an important finding for patients across various ages and lung disease severities. The model provides a quantitative, mechanistic simulation of inhaled therapies that could provide a test system for estimating drug delivery to the lung and complement traditional clinical studies.
Collapse
Key Words
- AIT, Alberta idealised throat
- APSD, aerodynamic particle size distribution
- CFD, computational fluid dynamics
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CT, computed tomography
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Computational fluid dynamics
- DPI, dry powder inhaler
- Dry powder inhaler
- FDC, fixed-dose combination
- GLY, glycopyrronium
- HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography
- IFR, inspiratory flow rate
- IND, indacaterol
- Inhaler devices
- Lung deposition
- MMAD, mass median aerodynamic diameter
- NGI, Next Generation Impactor
- PIV, particle image velocimetry
- USP/Ph. Eur, European Union Pharmacopoeias
- pMDI, pressurised metered dose inhaler
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myrna B Dolovich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Omar S Usmani
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Longest W, Farkas D, Bass K, Hindle M. Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Dispersion Parameters in the Development of a New DPI Actuated with Low Air Volumes. Pharm Res 2019; 36:110. [PMID: 31139939 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2644-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the predictive power of computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based dispersion parameters in the development of a new inline DPI that is actuated with low volumes of air. METHODS Four new versions of a dose aerosolization and containment (DAC)-unit DPI were created with varying inlet and outlet orifice sizes and analyzed with results from five previous designs. A concurrent in vitro and CFD analysis was conducted to predict the emitted dose (ED; as a % of loaded dose) and aerosol mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) produced by each device when actuated with 10 ml air bursts. CFD simulations of device operation were used to predict flow field and particle-based dispersion parameters. RESULTS Comparisons of experimental and CFD results indicated that multiple flow field and particle-based dispersion parameters could be used to predict ED (minimum RMS Error = 4.9%) and MMAD (minimum RMS Error = 0.04 μm) to a high degree of accuracy. Based on experiments, the best overall device produced mean (standard deviation; SD) ED = 82.9(4.3)% and mean MMAD (SD) = 1.73(0.07)μm, which were in close agreement with the CFD predictions. CONCLUSIONS A unique relationship was identified in the DAC-unit DPI in which reducing turbulence also reduced the MMAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, P.O. Box 843015, Richmond, Virginia, 23284-3015, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
| | - Dale Farkas
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, P.O. Box 843015, Richmond, Virginia, 23284-3015, USA
| | - Karl Bass
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 West Main Street, P.O. Box 843015, Richmond, Virginia, 23284-3015, USA
| | - Michael Hindle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Walenga RL, Babiskin AH, Zhao L. In Silico Methods for Development of Generic Drug-Device Combination Orally Inhaled Drug Products. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 8:359-370. [PMID: 31044532 PMCID: PMC6618094 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of generic, single‐entity, drug–device combination products for orally inhaled drug products is challenging in part because of the complex nature of device design characteristics and the difficulties associated with establishing bioequivalence for a locally acting drug product delivered to the site of action in the lung. This review examines in silico models that may be used to support the development of generic orally inhaled drug products and how model credibility may be assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross L Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew H Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Potential and constraints for the application of CFD combined with Lagrangian particle tracking to dry powder inhalers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 128:299-324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
40
|
Ferrati S, Wu T, Kanapuram SR, Smyth HDC. Dosing considerations for inhaled biologics. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:58-66. [PMID: 30053488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The number of biologics in the therapeutic development pipeline is increasing including those delivered though inhalation (Morales, 2017; Fathe, 2016). Biologics comprise a broad variety of complex macromolecules with unique physicochemical characteristics. These distinctive characteristics control their pharmacological mechanisms of action, stability, and ultimately affect their processing, formulation, and delivery requirements. This review systematically covers crucial aspects of biologic powders formulations and dry powder inhalers which need to be taken into consideration to establish the drug loading and the payload to be delivered to reach the desired clinical dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ferrati
- The University of Texas in Austin, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tian Wu
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | | | - Hugh D C Smyth
- The University of Texas in Austin, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dosing challenges in respiratory therapies. Int J Pharm 2018; 548:659-671. [PMID: 30033395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The pulmonary route of administration has been commonly used for local lung conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recently, with the advent of new technologies available for both formulation and device design, molecules usually delivered at high doses, such as antibiotics and insulin to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) and diabetes, respectively, can now be delivered by inhalation as a dry powder. These molecules are generally delivered in milligrams instead of traditional microgram quantities. High dose delivery is most commonly achieved via dry powder inhalers (DPIs), breath activated devices designed with a formulated powder containing micronized drug with aerodynamic diameters between 1 and 5 µm. The powder formulation may also contain other excipients and/or carrier particles to improve the flowability and aerosol dispersion of the powder. A drawback with high doses is that the formulation contains a great number of fine particles, leading to a greater degree of cohesive forces, producing strongly bound agglomerates. With greater cohesive forces holding fine particles together, higher dispersion forces are needed for efficient de-agglomeration and aerosolisation. This requirement of greater dispersion forces has led to different dry powder formulations and vastly different inhaler designs. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the different formulation types, various DPI devices currently available, and how these affect the aerosolisation process and delivery of high dosed inhalable dry powder formulations to the lungs.
Collapse
|
42
|
Modeling the performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations: Where are we, and how to get there? J Control Release 2018; 279:251-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Xu K, Liang ZC, Ding X, Hu H, Liu S, Nurmik M, Bi S, Hu F, Ji Z, Ren J, Yang S, Yang YY, Li L. Nanomaterials in the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 28941042 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the tremendous advancements that have been made in biomedical research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) still remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, outpacing the Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a leading cause of death from an infectious disease. In the light of such significant disease burden, tremendous efforts have been made worldwide to stem this burgeoning spread of disease. The use of nanomaterials in TB management has increased in the past decade, particularly in the areas of early TB detection, prevention, and treatment. Nanomaterials have been proven to be efficacious in the rapid and accurate detection of TB pathogens. Novel nanocarriers have also shown tremendous promise in improving drug delivery, potentially enhancing drug concentrations in target organs while at the same time, reducing treatment frequency. In addition, the engineering of antigen nanocarriers represents an exciting front in TB research, potentially paving the way for the successful development of a new class of effective TB vaccines. This article discusses epidemiology and pathogenesis of TB infections, current TB therapeutics, advanced nanomaterials for anti-TB drug delivery, and TB vaccines. In addition, challenges and future perspectives in developing safe and effective nanomaterials in TB diagnosis and therapy are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Chang Liang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Xin Ding
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Haiyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Shaoqiong Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Martin Nurmik
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Sheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Feishu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Zhongkang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Shigui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| | - Yi Yan Yang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos 138669 Singapore
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mohan M, Lee S, Guo C, Peri SP, Doub WH. Evaluation of Abbreviated Impactor Measurements (AIM) and Efficient Data Analysis (EDA) for Dry Powder Inhalers (DPIs) Against the Full-Resolution Next Generation Impactor (NGI). AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1585-1594. [PMID: 27624069 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The full-resolution next generation impactor (NGI) and three abbreviated impactor systems were used to obtain the apparent aerodynamic particle size distribution (APSD) and other quality measures for marketed dry powder inhalers (DPIs) using the compendial method and efficient data analysis (EDA). APSD for the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in Spiriva® Handihaler®, Foradil® Aerolizer®, and Relenza® Diskhaler® was obtained using a full-resolution NGI at 39, 60, and 90 L/min, respectively. Two reduced NGI (rNGI) configurations, the filter-only configuration (rNGI-f) and the modified-cup configuration (rNGI-mc), and the fast-screening impactor (FSI) with appropriate inserts to provide a 5-μm cut size were evaluated. The fine particle dose (FPD) obtained using the FSI for Spiriva was statistically similar to that obtained using the full NGI. However, the FPD for both Foradil and Relenza obtained using the FSI was significantly different from that obtained using the full NGI. Despite this, no significant differences were observed for the fine particle fraction (FPF) obtained using the FSI relative to that obtained from the full NGI for any of the DPIs. The use of abbreviated impactor systems appears promising with good agreement observed with the full-resolution NGI, except for small differences observed for the rNGI-mc configuration. These small differences may be product- and/or flow rate-specific, and further evaluation will be required to resolve these differences.
Collapse
|
45
|
Optimization of a DPI Inhaler: A Computational Approach. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:850-858. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
Elia A, Cocchi M, Cottini C, Riolo D, Cafiero C, Bosi R, Lutero E. Multivariate data analysis to assess dry powder inhalers performance from powder properties. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
47
|
Kaialy W. On the effects of blending, physicochemical properties, and their interactions on the performance of carrier-based dry powders for inhalation - A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 235:70-89. [PMID: 27291646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Blending drug and carrier powders to produce homogeneous drug-carrier adhesive mixtures is a key step in the production of dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulations. Although the blending conditions can result in different conclusions or probably change the outcome of a study entirely if being selected differently, there is a scarcity of data on the influence of blending processes on the physicochemical properties of bulk powder formulations and the follow-on effects on DPI performance. This paper provides an overview of the interactions between variables related to blending conditions (e.g. blending equipment, time, speed and sequence as well as environmental humidity) and powder physicochemical properties (e.g. size distribution, shape distribution, density, anomeric composition, electrostatic charge, surface, and bulk properties), and their effects on the performance of adhesive mixtures for inhalation in terms of drug content homogeneity, drug-carrier adhesion, and drug aerosolisation behaviour. The relevance of carrier payload, batch size and segregation was also discussed. Challenges and future directions were identified. This review therefore contributes towards a better understanding of the blending process, powder physicochemical properties, and their interlinked effects on the fundamental understanding of adhesive mixtures for inhalation. The knowledge gained is essential to ensure optimum blending and thereby controlled functionality of DPIs.
Collapse
|
48
|
Andrade F, Fonte P, Costa A, Reis CC, Nunes R, Almeida A, Ferreira D, Oliva M, Sarmento B. Pharmacological and toxicological assessment of innovative self-assembled polymeric micelles as powders for insulin pulmonary delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2305-17. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Explore the use of polymeric micelles in the development of powders intended for pulmonary delivery of biopharmaceuticals, using insulin as a model protein. Materials & methods: Formulations were assessed in vitro for aerosolization properties and in vivo for efficacy and safety using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. Results: Powders presented good aerosolization properties like fine particle fraction superior to 40% and a mass median aerodynamic diameter inferior of 6 μm. Endotracheally instilled powders have shown a faster onset of action than subcutaneous administration of insulin at a dose of 10 IU/kg, with pharmacological availabilities up to 32.5% of those achieved by subcutaneous route. Additionally, micelles improved the hypoglycemic effect of insulin. Bronchoalveolar lavage screening for toxicity markers (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase, cytokines) revealed no signs of lung inflammation and cytotoxicity 14 days postadministration. Conclusion: Developed powders showed promising safety and efficacy characteristics for the systemic delivery of insulin by pulmonary administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Andrade
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- IBEC, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Fonte
- REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Ana Costa
- INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cassilda Cunha Reis
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Rute Nunes
- INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Almeida
- INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Domingos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mireia Oliva
- IBEC, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- INEB Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Leung CMS, Tong Z, Zhou Q, Chan JGY, Tang P, Sun S, Yang R, Chan HK. Understanding the Different Effects of Inhaler Design on the Aerosol Performance of Drug-Only and Carrier-Based DPI Formulations. Part 1: Grid Structure. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1159-1167. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
50
|
Buttini F, Pasquali I, Brambilla G, Copelli D, Alberi MD, Balducci AG, Bettini R, Sisti V. Multivariate Analysis of Effects of Asthmatic Patient Respiratory Profiles on the In Vitro Performance of a Reservoir Multidose and a Capsule-Based Dry Powder Inhaler. Pharm Res 2015; 33:701-15. [PMID: 26572643 PMCID: PMC4744254 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two different dry powder inhalers, of the NGI induction port and Alberta throat and of the actual inspiratory profiles of asthmatic patients on in-vitro drug inhalation performances. METHODS The two devices considered were a reservoir multidose and a capsule-based inhaler. The formulation used to test the inhalers was a combination of formoterol fumarate and beclomethasone dipropionate. A breath simulator was used to mimic inhalatory patterns previously determined in vivo. A multivariate approach was adopted to estimate the significance of the effect of the investigated variables in the explored domain. RESULTS Breath simulator was a useful tool to mimic in vitro the in vivo inspiratory profiles of asthmatic patients. The type of throat coupled with the impactor did not affect the aerodynamic distribution of the investigated formulation. However, the type of inhaler and inspiratory profiles affected the respirable dose of drugs. CONCLUSIONS The multivariate statistical approach demonstrated that the multidose inhaler, released efficiently a high fine particle mass independently from the inspiratory profiles adopted. Differently, the single dose capsule inhaler, showed a significant decrease of fine particle mass of both drugs when the device was activated using the minimum inspiratory volume (592 mL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Buttini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE19NH, London, UK.
| | - Irene Pasquali
- Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Via Palermo 26, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Diego Copelli
- Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Via Palermo 26, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Anna Giulia Balducci
- Interdepartmental Center, Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Viviana Sisti
- Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Via Palermo 26, 43122, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|