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Wang D, Chen Y, Li J, Wu E, Tang T, Singla RK, Shen B, Zhang M. Natural products for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155522. [PMID: 38820665 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic retinal disease that significantly influences the vision of the elderly. PURPOSE There is no effective treatment and prevention method. The pathogenic process behind AMD is complex, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and neovascularization. It has been demonstrated that several natural products can be used to manage AMD, but systematic summaries are lacking. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the keywords "Biological Products" AND "Macular Degeneration" for studies published within the last decade until May 2023 to summarize the latest findings on the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration through the herbal medicines and functional foods. RESULTS The eligible studies were screened, and the relevant information about the therapeutic action and mechanism of natural products used to treat AMD was extracted. Our findings demonstrate that natural substances, including retinol, phenols, and other natural products, prevent the development of new blood vessels and protect the retina from oxidative stress in cells and animal models. However, they have barely been examined in clinical studies. CONCLUSION Natural products could be highly prospective candidate drugs used to treat AMD, and further preclinical and clinical research is required to validate it to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China; Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Erman Wu
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tong Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rajeev K Singla
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India.
| | - Bairong Shen
- Joint Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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Zymonė K, Liaudanskas M, Lanauskas J, Nagelytė M, Janulis V. Variability in the Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of Phenolic Compounds and the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Sour Cherry ( Prunus cerasus L.) Leaves. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:553. [PMID: 38790658 PMCID: PMC11118903 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) is a deciduous tree belonging to the Rosaceae Juss. family. Cherry leaves are an underutilized source of biologically active compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the composition of the phenolic compounds, as well as the total antioxidant activity, in leaf samples of P. cerasus cultivars and to elucidate the cultivars with particular phytochemical compositions. The phytochemical profiles of P. cerasus leaves vary significantly in a cultivar-dependent manner. The total content of identified phenolic compounds varied from 8.254 to 16.199 mg/g in the cherry leaves. Chlorogenic acid ranged between 1413.3 µg/g ('North Star') and 8028.0 µg/g ('Note'). The total content of flavonols varied from 4172.5 µg/g ('Vytenu zvaigzde') to 9030.7 µg/g ('Tikhonovskaya'). The total content of identified proanthocyanidins varied from 122.3 µg/g ('Note') to 684.8 µg/g ('Kelleris'). The highest levels of phloridzin (38.1 ± 0.9 µg/g) were found in samples of 'Molodezhnaya', while the lowest level of this compound was determined in the leaf samples of 'Turgenevka' (6.7 ± 0.2). The strongest antiradical (138.0 ± 4.0 µmol TE/g, p < 0.05) and reducing (364.9 ± 10.5 µmol TE/g, p < 0.05) activity in vitro was exhibited by the cultivar 'Vytenu zvaigzde' cherry leaf sample extracts. 'Kelleris', 'Note', and 'Tikhonovskaya' distinguish themselves with peculiar phytochemical compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zymonė
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Liaudanskas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Juozas Lanauskas
- Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Kauno Str. 30, LT-54333 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Miglė Nagelytė
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Valdimaras Janulis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Pacyga K, Pacyga P, Topola E, Viscardi S, Duda-Madej A. Bioactive Compounds from Plant Origin as Natural Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment of Wound Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2100. [PMID: 38396777 PMCID: PMC10889580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria underscores the need to search for innovative and nature-based solutions. One of the approaches may be the use of plants that constitute a rich source of miscellaneous compounds with a wide range of biological properties. This review explores the antimicrobial activity of seven bioactives and their possible molecular mechanisms of action. Special attention was focused on the antibacterial properties of berberine, catechin, chelerythrine, cinnamaldehyde, ellagic acid, proanthocyanidin, and sanguinarine against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The growing interest in novel therapeutic strategies based on new plant-derived formulations was confirmed by the growing number of articles. Natural products are one of the most promising and intensively examined agents to combat the consequences of the overuse and misuse of classical antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pacyga
- Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Pacyga
- Department of Thermodynamics and Renewable Energy Sources, Faculty of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Ewa Topola
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Szymon Viscardi
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Anna Duda-Madej
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego 4, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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Costabile G, Salamone D, Della Pepa G, Vitale M, Testa R, Cipriano P, Scidà G, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G, Bozzetto L. Differential Effects of Two Isocaloric Healthy Diets on Postprandial Lipid Responses in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:333. [PMID: 38337618 PMCID: PMC10857261 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood concentrations of triglycerides (TG) in the postprandial period have been shown to be more closely associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than fasting values in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dietary changes are the primary determinants of postprandial lipid responses. METHODS We investigated the effects of an isocaloric multifactorial diet, rich in n-3 PUFA, MUFA, fiber, polyphenols, and vitamins, compared to an isocaloric diet, containing the same amount of MUFA, on the postprandial lipid response in T2D individuals. Following a randomized, controlled, parallel group design, 43 (25 male/18 female) T2D individuals were assigned to an isocaloric multifactorial (n = 21) or a MUFA-rich diet (n = 22). At the beginning and after the 8 weeks of dietary intervention, the concentrations of plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol were detected at fasting and over a 4-h test meal with the same composition as the prescribed diet. RESULTS The concentrations of fasting plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol did not change after both diets. Compared with the MUFA diet, the 8-week multifactorial diet significantly lowered the postprandial response, which was evaluated as the incremental area under the curve (iAUC), of triglycerides by 33% (64 ± 68 vs. 96 ± 50 mmol/L·240 min, mean ± SD, respectively, p = 0.018), total cholesterol by 105% (-51 ± 33 vs. -25 ± 29, p = 0.013), and non-HDL cholesterol by 206% (-39 ± 33 vs. -13 ± 23, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS In T2D individuals, a multifactorial diet, characterized by several beneficial components, improved the postprandial lipid response compared to a MUFA diet, generally considered a healthy diet being reduced in saturated fat, and probably contributed to the reduction of cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Dominic Salamone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council-CNR, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Roberta Testa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Paola Cipriano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Scidà
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Angela Albarosa Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.C.); (D.S.); (M.V.); (R.T.); (P.C.); (G.S.); (A.A.R.); (G.A.); (L.B.)
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Jia R, Hou Y, Feng W, Nomingerel M, Li B, Zhu J. Multi-Omics Analysis to Understand the Effects of Dietary Proanthocyanidins on Antioxidant Capacity, Muscle Nutrients, Lipid Metabolism, and Intestinal Microbiota in Cyprinus carpio. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2095. [PMID: 38136215 PMCID: PMC10740959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (Pros), a natural polyphenolic compound found in grape seed and other plants, have received significant attention as additives in animal feed. However, the specific mechanism by which Pros affect fish health remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of dietary Pro on common carp by evaluating biochemical parameters and multi-omics analysis. The results showed that Pro supplementation improved antioxidant capacity and the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 and n-6) and several bioactive compounds. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that dietary Pro caused an upregulation of the sphingolipid catabolic process and the lysosome pathway, while simultaneously downregulating intestinal cholesterol absorption and the PPAR signaling pathway in the intestines. Compared to the normal control (NC) group, the Pro group exhibited higher diversity in intestinal microbiota and an increased relative abundance of Cetobacterium and Pirellula. Furthermore, the Pro group had a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and a decreased relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Collectively, dietary Pro improved antioxidant ability, muscle nutrients, and the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota. The regulation of lipid metabolism and improvement in muscle nutrients were linked with changes in the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (R.J.); (Y.H.); (W.F.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
| | - Yiran Hou
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (R.J.); (Y.H.); (W.F.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
| | - Wenrong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (R.J.); (Y.H.); (W.F.)
| | | | - Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (R.J.); (Y.H.); (W.F.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; (R.J.); (Y.H.); (W.F.)
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China;
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Phenolic Fraction from Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) By-product: Innovative Extraction Techniques and New Encapsulation Trends for Its Valorization. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2023; 16:726-748. [PMID: 36158454 PMCID: PMC9483447 DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Peanut skin is a by-product rich in bioactive compounds with high nutritional and pharmaceutical values. The phenolic fraction, rich in proanthocyanidins/procyanidins, is a relevant class of bioactive compounds, which has been increasingly applied as functional ingredients for food and pharmaceutical applications and is mostly recovered from peanut skins through low-pressure extraction methods. Therefore, the use of green high-pressure extractions is an interesting alternative to value this peanut by-product. This review addresses the benefits of the phenolic fraction recovered from peanut skin, with a focus on proanthocyanin/procyanidin compounds, and discusses the improvement of their activity, bioavailability, and protection, by methods such as encapsulation. Different applications for the proanthocyanidins, in the food and pharmaceutical industries, are also explored. Additionally, high-pressure green extraction methods, combined with micro/nanoencapsulation, using wall material derived from peanut industrial processing, may represent a promising biorefinery strategy to improve the bioavailability of proanthocyanidins recovered from underutilized peanut skins.
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Tackling the Future Pandemics: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) Based on A-Type Proanthocyanidins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238353. [PMID: 36500445 PMCID: PMC9736452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A-type proanthocyanidins (PAC-As) are plant-derived natural polyphenols that occur as oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol monomers, such as (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, connected through an unusual double A linkage. PAC-As are present in leaves, seeds, flowers, bark, and fruits of many plants, and are thought to exert protective natural roles against microbial pathogens, insects, and herbivores. Consequently, when tested in isolation, PAC-As have shown several biological effects, through antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral activities. PAC-As have been observed in fact to inhibit replication of many different human viruses, and both enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses proved sensible to their inhibitory effect. Mechanistic studies revealed that PAC-As cause reduction of infectivity of viral particles they come in contact with, as a result of their propensity to interact with virion surface capsid proteins or envelope glycoproteins essential for viral attachment and entry. As viral infections and new virus outbreaks are a major public health concern, development of effective Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Agents (BSAAs) that can be rapidly deployable even against future emerging viruses is an urgent priority. This review summarizes the antiviral activities and mechanism of action of PAC-As, and their potential to be deployed as BSAAs against present and future viral infections.
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Dietary effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, skin mucosal immune response, and antioxidant capacity in goldfish ( Carassius auratus). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on gold fish, Carassius auratus. In this regard, GSPE was added to a basal diet at four levels including 0, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg to produce four experimental diets including control, GSPE200, GSPE400, and GSPE600. Three hundred and sixty goldfish (3.75 ± 0.1 g) were stocked in twelve 100 L rectangular tanks (30 fish per tank) and fed with the experimental diets three times a day for nine weeks. During the experimental trial, water temperature was 26.7–28.5ºC. The weight gain and specific growth rate in the fish fed with GSPE supplemented diets were higher than the control, meanwhile feed conversion ratio value in these groups decreased compared to the control. Fish fed GSPE-supplemented diets had lower fillet lipid (10-19%), but higher protein levels (7–15%) compared to the control. The levels of serum triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the fish fed GSPE-supplemented diets were decreased compared to the control group. The highest and lowest levels of serum glucose, and ALP were in the fish fed with control and GSPE600 diets, respectively. The skin mucusal lysozyme activity (24–38%) and protein level (70–96%) were higher in fish fed GSPE-supplemented diets than the control. The highest, and lowest liver antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and gluthatione peroxidase were observed in in GSPE 600, and control groups, respectively. The findings of the present study indicated that supplementing 400 mg/kg GSPE in diet can improve growth and health condition in goldfish.
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Liu Y, Liu C, Kou X, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhen N, Jiang J, Zhaxi P, Xue Z. Synergistic Hypolipidemic Effects and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182774. [PMID: 36140902 PMCID: PMC9497508 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, a chronic disorder of abnormal lipid metabolism, can induce obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Increasing evidence indicates that phytochemicals may serve as a promising strategy for the prevention and management of hyperlipidemia and its complications. At the same time, the concept of synergistic hypolipidemic and its application in the food industry is rapidly increasing as a practical approach to preserve and improve the health-promoting effects of functional ingredients. The current review focuses on the effects of single phytochemicals on hyperlipidemia and its mechanisms. Due to the complexity of the lipid metabolism regulatory network, the synergistic regulation of different metabolic pathways or targets may be more effective than single pathways or targets in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This review summarizes for the first time the synergistic hypolipidemic effects of different combinations of phytochemicals such as combinations of the same category of phytochemicals and combinations of different categories of phytochemicals. In addition, based on the different metabolic pathways or targets involved in synergistic effects, the possible mechanisms of synergistic hypolipidemic effects of the phytochemical combination are illustrated in this review. Hence, this review provides clues to boost more phytochemical synergistic hypolipidemic research and provides a theoretical basis for the development of phytochemicals with synergistic effects on hyperlipidemia and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Chunlong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Dynamiker Biotechnology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ni Zhen
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Jingyu Jiang
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Puba Zhaxi
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Z.X.)
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Akter H, Mamunur Rashid M, Shahidul Islam M, Amjad Hossen M, Atiar Rahman M, Algheshairy RM, Almujaydil MS, Alharbi HF, Alnajeebi AM. Biometabolites of Tamarindus indica play a remarkable cardioprotective role as a functional food in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity models. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Kaunaite V, Vilkickyte G, Raudone L. Phytochemical Diversity and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Heather ( Calluna vulgaris L.) Aboveground Parts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2207. [PMID: 36079589 PMCID: PMC9460699 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Calluna vulgaris L. (heather) is a traditional medicinal plant with anti-inflammatory and calming activities that are determined by the notable amounts of phytochemicals. The evaluation of different populations of plants that accumulate great amounts of bioactive compounds are requisite for the quality determination of plant materials and medicinal and nutritional products. The assessment of natural resources from a phytogeographic point of view is relevant. Phytochemical analysis of heather samples was carried out using spectrophotometric methods and HPLC-PDA techniques, while antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and FRAP assays. A significant diversification of phenolic and triterpenic compounds and antioxidant activity was determined in the heather samples collected in distinct habitats. Natural habitats, due to their characteristic chemical heterogeneity, lead to the diversity of indicators characterizing the quality of plant raw materials. Chlorogenic acid and hyperoside were found to be predominant among the phenolic compounds, while ursolic, oleanolic acids, and uvaol prevailed among the triterpenic compounds. Thus, these compounds can be suggested as phytochemical markers, characteristic of the heather raw material from central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytaute Kaunaite
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gabriele Vilkickyte
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Raudone
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Av. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
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12
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Zhu W, Oteiza PI. Proanthocyanidins at the gastrointestinal tract: mechanisms involved in their capacity to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:220-240. [PMID: 35943169 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is continually increasing worldwide. Obesity is a major public health concern given the multiple associated comorbidities. Finding dietary approaches to prevent/mitigate these conditions is of critical relevance. Proanthocyanidins (PACs), oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ols that are extensively distributed in nature, represent a major part of total dietary polyphenols. Although current evidence supports the capacity of PACs to mitigate obesity-associated comorbidities, the underlying mechanisms remain speculative due to the complexity of PACs' structure. Given their limited bioavailability, the major site of the biological actions of intact PACs is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This review discusses the actions of PACs at the GI tract which could underlie their anti-obesity effects. These mechanisms include: i) inhibition of digestive enzymes at the GI lumen, including pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase; ii) modification of gut microbiota composition; iii) modulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-triggered signaling pathways, e.g. NF-κB and MAPKs; iv) protection of the GI barrier integrity. Further understanding of the mechanisms and biological activities of PACs at the GI tract can contribute to develop nutritional and pharmacological strategies oriented to mitigate the serious comorbidities of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Jin YH, Lee J, Jeon S, Kim S, Min JS, Kwon S. Natural Polyphenols, 1,2,3,4,6-O-Pentagalloyglucose and Proanthocyanidins, as Broad-Spectrum Anticoronaviral Inhibitors Targeting Mpro and RdRp of SARS-CoV-2. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051170. [PMID: 35625907 PMCID: PMC9138959 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural plant dietary polyphenols 1,2,3,4,6-O-Pentagalloylglucose (PGG) and proanthocyanidin (PAC) have potent antioxidant activity and a variety of pharmacological activities, including antiviral activity. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of PGG and PAC on SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, and elucidated its mode of action. PGG and PAC have dose-dependent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero cells. PGG has a lower IC50 (15.02 ± 0.75 μM) than PAC (25.90 ± 0.81 μM), suggesting that PGG has better inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 than PAC. The PGG and PAC inhibit similar Mpro activities in a protease activity assay, with IC50 values of 25–26 μM. The effects of PGG and PAC on the activity of the other essential SARS-CoV-2 viral protein, RdRp, were analyzed using a cell-based activity assay system. The activity of RdRp is inhibited by PGG and PAC, and PGG has a lower IC50 (5.098 ± 1.089 μM) than PAC (21.022 ± 1.202 μM), which is consistent with their inhibitory capacity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PGG and PAC also inhibit infection by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. These data indicate that PGG and PAC may be candidate broad-spectrum anticoronaviral therapeutic agents, simultaneously targeting the Mpro and RdRp proteins of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hee Jin
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Korea
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.J.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-(42)-610-8850 (Y.-H.J.); +82-(42)-868-9675 (S.K.)
| | - Jihye Lee
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.L.); (S.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Sangeun Jeon
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.L.); (S.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Seungtaek Kim
- Zoonotic Virus Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (J.L.); (S.J.); (S.K.)
| | - Jung Sun Min
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Sunoh Kwon
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.J.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-(42)-610-8850 (Y.-H.J.); +82-(42)-868-9675 (S.K.)
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14
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Colom-Pellicer M, Rodríguez RM, Navarro-Masip È, Bravo FI, Mulero M, Arola L, Aragonès G. Time-of-day dependent effect of proanthocyanidins on adipose tissue metabolism in rats with diet-induced obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1394-1402. [PMID: 35523954 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape-seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) improve white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion during diet-induced obesity. However, because adipose metabolism is synchronized by circadian rhythms, it is plausible to speculate that the bioactivity of dietary proanthocyanidins could be influenced by the time-of-day in which they are consumed. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the interaction between zeitgeber time (ZT) and GSPE consumption on the functionality of WAT in rats with diet-induced obesity. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed a cafeteria diet for 9 weeks. After 5 weeks, the animals were supplemented with 25 mg GSPE/kg for 4 weeks at the beginning of the light/rest phase (ZT0) or of the dark/active phase (ZT12). Body fat content was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and histological analyses were performed in the epididymal (EWAT) and inguinal (IWAT) fat depots to determine adipocyte size and number. In addition, the expression of genes related to adipose metabolism and circadian clock function were analyzed by qPCR. RESULTS GSPE consumption at ZT0 was associated with a potential antidiabetic effect without affecting adiposity and energy intake and downregulating the gene expression of inflammatory markers in EWAT. In contrast, GSPE consumption at ZT12 improved adipose tissue expansion decreasing adipocyte size in IWAT. In accordance with this adipogenic activity, the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were downregulated at ZT12 in IWAT. In turn, GSPE consumption at ZT12, but not at ZT0, repressed the expression of the clock gene Cry1 in IWAT. CONCLUSIONS The interaction between ZT and GSPE consumption influenced the metabolic response of WAT in a tissue-specific manner. Understanding the impact of circadian clock on adipose metabolism and how this is regulated by polyphenols will provide new insights for the management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Colom-Pellicer
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Romina M Rodríguez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Èlia Navarro-Masip
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
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Luna-Castillo KP, Olivares-Ochoa XC, Hernández-Ruiz RG, Llamas-Covarrubias IM, Rodríguez-Reyes SC, Betancourt-Núñez A, Vizmanos B, Martínez-López E, Muñoz-Valle JF, Márquez-Sandoval F, López-Quintero A. The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Hypertriglyceridemia: From Public Health to Molecular Nutrition Evidence. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051104. [PMID: 35268076 PMCID: PMC8912493 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 25–50% of the population worldwide exhibits serum triglycerides (TG) (≥150 mg/dL) which are associated with an increased level of highly atherogenic remnant-like particles, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and pancreatitis risk. High serum TG levels could be related to cardiovascular disease, which is the most prevalent cause of mortality in Western countries. The etiology of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is multifactorial and can be classified as primary and secondary causes. Among the primary causes are genetic disorders. On the other hand, secondary causes of HTG comprise lifestyle factors, medical conditions, and drugs. Among lifestyle changes, adequate diets and nutrition are the initial steps to treat and prevent serum lipid alterations. Dietary intervention for HTG is recommended in order to modify the amount of macronutrients. Macronutrient distribution changes such as fat or protein, low-carbohydrate diets, and caloric restriction seem to be effective strategies in reducing TG levels. Particularly, the Mediterranean diet is the dietary pattern with the most consistent evidence for efficacy in HTG while the use of omega-3 supplements consumption is the dietary component with the highest number of randomized clinical trials (RCT) carried out with effective results on reducing TG. The aim of this review was to provide a better comprehension between human nutrition and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Paulina Luna-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - Xochitl Citlalli Olivares-Ochoa
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - Rocío Guadalupe Hernández-Ruiz
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - Iris Monserrat Llamas-Covarrubias
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Saraí Citlalic Rodríguez-Reyes
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Betancourt-Núñez
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
| | - Barbara Vizmanos
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Erika Martínez-López
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Márquez-Sandoval
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.M.-S.); (A.L.-Q.); Tel.: +52-(33)1058-5200 (ext. 33644 or 33704) (F.M.-S.)
| | - Andres López-Quintero
- Doctorado en Ciencias de la Nutrición Traslacional, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (K.P.L.-C.); (X.C.O.-O.); (R.G.H.-R.); (I.M.L.-C.); (S.C.R.-R.); (A.B.-N.); (B.V.); (E.M.-L.); (J.F.M.-V.)
- Instituto de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica Traslacional, CUCS, UdeG, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.M.-S.); (A.L.-Q.); Tel.: +52-(33)1058-5200 (ext. 33644 or 33704) (F.M.-S.)
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16
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Qi Q, Chu M, Yu X, Xie Y, Li Y, Du Y, Liu X, Zhang Z, Shi J, Yan N. Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins: Chemical Structures, Food Sources, Bioactivities, and Product Development. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2029479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Qi
- Plant Functional Component Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meijun Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuting Yu
- Plant Functional Component Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanning Xie
- Plant Functional Component Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yali Li
- Plant Functional Component Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Plant Functional Component Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Plant Functional Component Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Plant Functional Component Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - Ning Yan
- Plant Functional Component Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Hashimoto M, Matsuzaki K, Maruyama K, Hossain S, Sumiyoshi E, Wakatsuki H, Kato S, Ohno M, Tanabe Y, Kuroda Y, Yamaguchi S, Kajima K, Ohizumi Y, Shido O. Perilla seed oil in combination with the nobiletin-rich ponkan powder enhances cognitive function in healthy elderly Japanese individuals: Possible supplement for brain health in the elderly. Food Funct 2022; 13:2768-2781. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03508h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed oil (PO), rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), can improve cognitive function in healthy elderly Japanese people. Here, supplements containing either PO alone or PO with nobiletin-rich...
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18
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Direito R, Rocha J, Sepodes B, Eduardo-Figueira M. From Diospyros kaki L. (Persimmon) Phytochemical Profile and Health Impact to New Product Perspectives and Waste Valorization. Nutrients 2021; 13:3283. [PMID: 34579162 PMCID: PMC8465508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit's phytochemical profile includes carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, and gallic acid among other phenolic compounds and vitamins. A huge antioxidant potential is present given this richness in antioxidant compounds. These bioactive compounds impact on health benefits. The intersection of nutrition and sustainability, the key idea behind the EAT-Lancet Commission, which could improve human health and decrease the global impact of food-related health conditions such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, bring the discussion regarding persimmon beyond the health effects from its consumption, but also on the valorization of a very perishable food that spoils quickly. A broad option of edible products with better storage stability or solutions that apply persimmon and its byproducts in the reinvention of old products or even creating new products, or with new and better packaging for the preservation of food products with postharvest technologies to preserve and extend the shelf-life of persimmon food products. Facing a global food crisis and the climate emergency, new and better day-to-day solutions are needed right now. Therefore, the use of persimmon waste has also been discussed as a good solution to produce biofuel, eco-friendly alternative reductants for fabric dyes, green plant growth regulator, biodegradable and edible films for vegetable packaging, antimicrobial activity against foodborne methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus found in retail pork, anti-Helicobacter pylori agents from pedicel extracts, and persimmon pectin-based emulsifiers to prevent lipid peroxidation, among other solutions presented in the revised literature. It has become clear that the uses for persimmon go far beyond the kitchen table and the health impact consumption demonstrated over the years. The desired sustainable transition is already in progress, however, mechanistic studies and clinical trials are essential and scaling-up is fundamental to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo-Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
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19
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Ghanavati M, Alipour Parsa S, Nasrollahzadeh J. A calorie-restricted diet with nuts favourably raises plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in overweight and obese patients with stable coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14431. [PMID: 34080258 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss and consumption of nuts may both improve plasma lipids and lipoproteins. However, their effects in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who are under treatment with statins remain unclear. This study was conducted to determine plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to a low-calorie (25% of energy deficit) nuts containing diet (NELCD) compared with a nut-free energy-restricted diet (NFLCD) in stable CAD patients who were overweight or obese (n = 67). METHODS Plasma lipids and lipoproteins and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1 and ABCG1 mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks. RESULTS Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apoA1 increased significantly in the NELCD group at the end of Week 8 compared with those in NFLCD group (in NELCD group, mean change and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 1.17 [-1.31, 3.66] mg/dL, P = 0.012, and 2.55 [-2.10, 7.20] mg/dL, P = 0.011, for HDL cholesterol and apoA1, respectively). In both groups, the concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride reduced significantly at Week 8 compared with those in baseline with no significant difference between the two groups. ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expressions non-significantly decreased in both groups. CONCLUSION This study indicates that inclusion of nuts as part of a calorie-restricted diet improves the concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apoA-1 in patients with stable, established CHD receiving statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ghanavati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Alipour Parsa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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García-Díez E, Cuesta-Hervás M, Veses-Alcobendas AM, Alonso-Gordo Ó, García-Maldonado E, Martínez-Suárez M, Herranz B, Vaquero MP, Álvarez MD, Pérez-Jiménez J. Acute supplementation with grapes in obese subjects did not affect postprandial metabolism: a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2671-2681. [PMID: 33386890 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether grape polyphenols have a "second-meal effect", modulating glucose and lipid elevations in the postprandial period after two successive meals in subjects with obesity. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, acute clinical trial was conducted. Twenty-five obese subjects (BMI = ≥ 30 and < 40 kg/m2) were randomly divided into two groups. At an initial visit, blood was collected in a fasting state and the subjects received breakfast and 46 g of either grape powder (equivalent to 252 g fresh grapes) or placebo, both solved in water. Lunch was provided 5 h later and then blood was collected after 0, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, 330, 360, and 420 min since arrival. Two weeks later, at a second visit, the subjects received the other powder. The following were determined: glucose, insulin, triglycerides, uric acid, blood count, hemoglobin, viscosity, antioxidant capacity, and satiety perception. RESULTS Postprandial increases were observed as expected in, for example, glucose and triglycerides after breakfast and lunch. The grape powder supplementation did not cause any significant modification compared to placebo, in these parameters; nor did it significantly modify plasma antioxidant capacity in the 6 h postprandial period. DISCUSSION Single grape powder supplementation did not modify postprandial responses in obese subjects, probably because the polyphenol dose was insufficient to induce such an effect. The result of a combination of grape with other polyphenol-rich products or chronic supplementation with grape powder on postprandial responses remains to be elucidated. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT03741218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther García-Díez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cuesta-Hervás
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Veses-Alcobendas
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Alonso-Gordo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Maldonado
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Martínez-Suárez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Herranz
- Department of Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University, Avda/Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Characterization, Quality, and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Vaquero
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Álvarez
- Department of Characterization, Quality, and Safety, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution, and Effect on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081229. [PMID: 34439477 PMCID: PMC8389005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are a class of polyphenolic compounds that are attracting considerable interest in the nutraceutical field due to their potential health benefits. However, knowledge about the chemistry, biosynthesis, and distribution of PACs is limited. This review summarizes the main chemical characteristics and biosynthetic pathways and the main analytical methods aimed at their identification and quantification in raw plant matrices. Furthermore, meta-analytic approaches were used to identify the main plant sources in which PACs were contained and to investigate their potential effect on human health. In particular, a cluster analysis identified PACs in 35 different plant families and 60 different plant parts normally consumed in the human diet. On the other hand, a literature search, coupled with forest plot analyses, highlighted how PACs can be actively involved in both local and systemic effects. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action through which PACs may impact human health were investigated, focusing on their systemic hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects and their local anti-inflammatory actions on the intestinal epithelium. Overall, this review may be considered a complete report in which chemical, biosynthetic, ecological, and pharmacological aspects of PACs are discussed.
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22
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Du H, Wang Q, Li T, Ren D, Yang X. Grape seed proanthocyanidins reduced the overweight of C57BL/6J mice through modulating adipose thermogenesis and gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:8467-8477. [PMID: 34296715 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activating the thermogenic function of adipocytes is an attractive therapeutic strategy against obesity and its associated metabolic complications. Proanthocyanidins are a class of polyphenols which are widely found in plants and daily foods. This aim of this study is to investigate the modulatory effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and microbiome regulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and its associated molecular mechanism. An 8-week administration of GSPE at 200 mg per kg bw in mice significantly reduced their final body weight, antagonized their HFD-induced insulin resistance and elevated their levels of adiponectin and leptin, respectively (p < 0.05). GSPE significantly increased the expression levels of thermogenic marker UCP1 in BAT and elevated the expression of a key transcription factor of browning, PRDM16, and thermogenic markers UCP1 and PGC-1α in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). The high doses of GSPE also increased the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the colon of HFD-fed mice (p < 0.05). Furthermore, GSPE normalized the colonic Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, reversed the relative abundance of Weissella, Faecalibaculum, Bacteroides, Akkermansia and Ruminococcus 1 induced by HFD, and improved the structural diversity of the gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Du
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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23
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Lima TDR, Voltarelli FA, Freire LS, da Silva FA, de Almeida PC, Ávila ETP, de França SA, Pereira MP, Damazo AS, Navalta JW, Fett CA, Kawashita NH. High-fat diet and fructose drink introduced after weaning rats, induces a better human obesity model than very high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13671. [PMID: 33694197 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we associated a high-fat diet (HF group: 45% kcal from lipids) or very high-fat (VHF group: 60% kcal from lipids) diet with a fructose drink (10% fructose) for hydration. Normal rat chow that received the control diet (content 16.3% kcal from lipid-AIN93G) and water. The treatments were introduced soon after weaning and were administered for 70 days. We aimed to compare HF and VHF groups and find which acts as a better model mimicking human obesity. Body mass gain, final body weight, adipocyte area in inguinal depots, visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots, serum triacylglycerol, and VLDL-c were all higher in the HF group, followed by the VHF group, compared to the C group. Only the HF group showed hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia and higher total caloric intake, Lee index, HOMA2-IR, and total cholesterol. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were lower in the HF and VHF groups than in the C group at the end for 70 days. In Summary, the HF (45%) diet administered with fructose induced a higher similarity of metabolic and hormonal alterations associated with human obesity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High intake of lipids with sugary drinks has been associated with obesity and its comorbidities. Although a diet with 45% or 60% of lipids is considered hyperlipidic, they are different in their effects on eating behavior and also probably from a metabolic point of view. Common sense is that the reduction in intake of lipids is favorable to health. Our study shows that this is not wholly true, and this information contributes to the guidelines for the treatment of obesity. In addition, the scientific literature on the subject has shown the most diverse results and also the use of experimental models with few similarities with human obesity. Our findings can contribute as a good model of obesity initiated during childhood to investigate possible using nutritional strategies, or the adoption of ergogenic nutritional resources in future studies, for example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago da Rosa Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil.,Department of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Academic Center of Varzea Grande, Várzea Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Caroline de Almeida
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Eudes Thiago Pereira Ávila
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amílcar Sabino Damazo
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - James Wilfred Navalta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Carlos Alexandre Fett
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Yu XJ, Xin GR, Liu KL, Liu XJ, Fu LY, Qi J, Kang KB, Meng TT, Yi QY, Li Y, Sun YJ, Kang YM. Paraventricular Nucleus Infusion of Oligomeric Proantho Cyanidins Improves Renovascular Hypertension. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:642015. [PMID: 33746706 PMCID: PMC7969814 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.642015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Oligomeric proantho cyanidins (OPC) is the main polyphenol presents in grape seed and is known for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we hypothesize that OPC can attenuate oxidative stress in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), ameliorate neurotransmitter imbalance, decrease the blood pressure and sympathetic activity in renovascular hypertensive rats. After induction of renovascular hypertension by the two-kidney one-clip (2K-1C) method, male Sprague-Dawley rats received chronic bilateral PVN infusion of OPC (20 μg/h) or vehicle via osmotic minipump for 4 weeks. We found that hypertension induced by 2K-1C was associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the PVN. Infusion of OPC in the PVN significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure and norepinephrine in plasma of 2K-1C rats. In addition, PVN infusion of OPC decreased the level of ROS and the expression of stress-related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases subunit NOX4, increased the levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant enzyme, balanced the content of cytokines, increased expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase and decreased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the PVN of 2K-1C rats. Our findings provided strong evidence that PVN infusion of OPC inhibited the progression of renovascular hypertension through its potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory function in the PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Guo-Rui Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Yan Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ting-Ting Meng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
| | - Yao-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an, China
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25
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Hou K, Wang Z. Application of Nanotechnology to Enhance Adsorption and Bioavailability of Procyanidins: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1888970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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26
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Martín-González MZ, Palacios-Jordan H, Mas-Capdevila A, Rodríguez MA, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, Aragonès G. A multifunctional ingredient for the management of metabolic syndrome in cafeteria diet-fed rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:815-824. [PMID: 33399141 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02810j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The body weight-lowering properties of a multifunctional ingredient (MIX) based on conjugated linoleic acid at low doses, the flavonoids proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins and the chicken feet hydrolysate Hpp11 have been previously reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term administration of MIX on other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in rats fed a cafeteria diet (CAF). Male Wistar rats were fed CAF for 11 weeks, and during the last 3 weeks, animals were orally administered MIX or vehicle. Lipid tolerance tests were performed before and after MIX administration. At the end of the experimental period, serum and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) metabolism were analyzed by metabolomics and biochemical approaches. The metabolite signature of serum and iWAT significantly changed after 3 weeks of MIX administration, suggesting an improvement in lipid and glucose homeostasis in these animals. In addition, MIX also exhibited significant antihypertensive properties. These results suggest that MIX could be a good candidate to ameliorate the cardiometabolic risk factors related to MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Z Martín-González
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain.
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27
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Feng S, Yi J, Li X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Bi J. Systematic Review of Phenolic Compounds in Apple Fruits: Compositions, Distribution, Absorption, Metabolism, and Processing Stability. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7-27. [PMID: 33397106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the most widely consumed fruit in the world, apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits provide a high level of phenolics and have many beneficial effects on human health. The composition and content of phenolic compounds in natural apples differs according to the tissue types and cultivar varieties. The bioavailability of apple-derived phenolics, depending on the absorption and metabolism of phenolics during digestion, is the key determinant of their positive biological effects. Meanwhile, various processing technologies affect the composition and content of phenolic compounds in apple products, further affecting the bioavailability of apple phenolics. This review summarizes current understanding on the compositions, distribution, absorption, and metabolism of phenolic compounds in apple and their stability when subjected to common technologies during processing. We intend to provide an updated overview on apple phenolics and also suggest some perspectives for future research of apple phenolics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Feng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Yi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinye Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Youchuan Ma
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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28
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Leyva-Soto A, Alejandra Chavez-Santoscoy R, Porras O, Hidalgo-Ledesma M, Serrano-Medina A, Alejandra Ramírez-Rodríguez A, Alejandra Castillo-Martinez N. Epicatechin and quercetin exhibit in vitro antioxidant effect, improve biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome, and decrease cellular genotoxicity in humans. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110101. [PMID: 33773697 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a condition whose incidence has been increasing around the world. It promotes a metabolic state of chronic systemic inflammation, correlated to cellular stress and genetic mutations, and subsequently with deadly chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. A randomized placebo-controlled study (n = 156) was conducted to determine the effects of consuming an enriched bread with 0.05% of a 1:1 mixture of (-)-epicatechin and quercetin on anthropometric and biochemical parameters of the participants. As a result, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total triglycerides, and fasting plasma glucose significantly decreased after three months of daily enriched bread consumption. Nuclear abnormalities in buccal epithelium cells also decreased (15.8 ± 3.2 down to 8.3 ± 1.0), showing a genoprotective effect. The antioxidant properties of these compounds were observed by monitoring changes in the cytoplasmic redox tone of intact Caco-2 cells expressing HyPer, a fluorescent redox biosensor. The combination of (-)-epicatechin and quercetin changes the cytoplasmic redox ambient in living cells and significantly improves biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome, and decreases the number of cell abnormalities in buccal epithelium cells of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Leyva-Soto
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC) - Campus Tijuana, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional Tijuana, 22390 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico
| | - Rocío Alejandra Chavez-Santoscoy
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnologia FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
| | - Omar Porras
- Laboratory for Research in Functional Nutrition, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miltha Hidalgo-Ledesma
- Laboratory for Research in Functional Nutrition, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aracely Serrano-Medina
- Facultad de Medicina y Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC) - Campus Tijuana, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional Tijuana, 22390 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico
| | - Ana Alejandra Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC) - Campus Tijuana, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional Tijuana, 22390 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico
| | - Nydia Alejandra Castillo-Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd Universitario No. 1000, Valle San Pedro, 21500 Tijuana, B.C., Mexico
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29
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Ruan Y, Jin Q, Zeng J, Ren F, Xie Z, Ji K, Wu L, Wu J, Li L. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract Ameliorates Cardiac Remodelling After Myocardial Infarction Through PI3K/AKT Pathway in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585984. [PMID: 33343353 PMCID: PMC7747856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the most serious fatal diseases in the world, which is due to acute occlusion of coronary arteries. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is an active compound extracted from grape seeds that has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor pharmacological effects. Natural products are cheap, easy to obtain, widely used and effective. It has been used to treat numerous diseases, such as cancer, brain injury and diabetes complications. However, there are limited studies on its role and associated mechanisms in myocardial infarction in mice. This study showed that GSPE treatment in mice significantly reduced cardiac dysfunction and improved the pathological changes due to MI injury. In vitro, GSPE inhibited the apoptosis of H9C2 cells after hypoxia culture, resulting in the expression of Bax decreased and the expression of Bcl-2 increased. The high expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT was detected in MI model in vivo and in vitro. The use of the specific PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 regressed the cardio-protection of GSPE. Our results showed that GSPE could improve the cardiac dysfunction and remodeling induced by MI and inhibit cardiomyocytes apoptosis in hypoxic conditions through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qike Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangfang Ren
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zuoyi Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangting Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianpin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingguo Wu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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ISHIMOTO EY, VICENTE SJV, CRUZ RJ, TORRES EAFDS. Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of grape processing by-products in high-fat/cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemic hamsters. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Advances in Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of Proanthocyanidins in Horticultural Plants. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121774. [PMID: 33265960 PMCID: PMC7759826 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are colorless flavonoid polymers condensed from flavan-3-ol units. They are essential secondary plant metabolites that contribute to the nutritional value and sensory quality of many fruits and the related processed products. Mounting evidence has shown that the accumulation of proanthocyanidins is associated with the resistance of plants against a broad spectrum of abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins has been examined extensively, allowing for identifying and characterizing the key regulators controlling the biosynthetic pathway in many plants. New findings revealed that these specific regulators were involved in the proanthocyanidins biosynthetic network in response to various environmental conditions. This paper reviews the current knowledge regarding the control of key regulators in the underlying proanthocyanidins biosynthetic and molecular mechanisms in response to environmental stress. Furthermore, it discusses the directions for future research on the metabolic engineering of proanthocyanidins production to improve food and fruit crop quality.
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Zhang HL, Wu QX, Wei X, Qin XM. Pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase inhibitory effect of Camellia nitidissima Chi flower extracts in vitro and in vivo. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ramos-Romero S, Martínez-Maqueda D, Hereu M, Amézqueta S, Torres JL, Pérez-Jiménez J. Modifications of Gut Microbiota after Grape Pomace Supplementation in Subjects at Cardiometabolic Risk: A Randomized Cross-Over Controlled Clinical Trial. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091279. [PMID: 32933009 PMCID: PMC7555163 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are dietary bioactive compounds able to induce modifications in the gut microbiota profile, although more clinical studies are needed. With this aim, a randomized cross-over clinical trial was conducted, where 49 subjects at cardiometabolic risk (exhibiting at least two metabolic syndrome factors) were supplemented with a daily dose of 8 g of grape pomace (GP) for 6 weeks, with an equivalent control (CTL) period. The levels of total bacteria and Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Lactobacilliales, Bacteroides and Prevotella were estimated in fecal DNA by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), while fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed by gas chromatography. Several cardiometabolic markers were evaluated in blood samples. GP reduced insulin levels only in half of the participants (responders). GP supplementation did not cause significant modifications in the microbiota profile of the whole group, except for a tendency (p = 0.059) towards a decrease in the proportion of Lactobacilliales, while it increased the proportion of Bacteroides in non-responder subjects. The reduction of insulin levels in subjects at cardiometabolic risk upon GP supplementation appears not to be induced by changes in the major subgroups of gut microbiota. Further studies at the species level may help to elucidate the possible role of microbiota in GP-induced insulinemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramos-Romero
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.-R.); (M.H.); (J.L.T.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Martínez-Maqueda
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mercè Hereu
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.-R.); (M.H.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Susana Amézqueta
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer de Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep Lluís Torres
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (S.R.-R.); (M.H.); (J.L.T.)
| | - Jara Pérez-Jiménez
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-915-492-300
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Fonollá J, Maldonado-Lobón JA, Luque R, Rodríguez C, Bañuelos Ó, López-Larramendi JL, Olivares M, Blanco-Rojo R. Effects of a Combination of Extracts from Olive Fruit and Almonds Skin on Oxidative and Inflammation Markers in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Food 2020; 24:479-486. [PMID: 32816626 PMCID: PMC8140357 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olives and polyphenols from almond skin (ASPs) possess cardioprotective properties. This pilot study evaluates the effect of supplementation with a combination of olive fruit and almond skin extracts on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol oxidation, lipid homeostasis, and inflammatory parameters in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia. A randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of 8 weeks was performed. The extract group (EG) received the supplement with 7.5 mg HT +210 mg ASPs, and the control group (CG) received a placebo composed of maltodextrin. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) levels and the oxLDL/LDL ratio were lower in the EG than in the CG after 8 weeks of treatment (18.76 ± 3.91 vs. 10.34 ± 4.22, P < .001 and 0.151 ± 0.025 vs. 0.08 ± 0.023, P < .001, respectively). Interleukin-1β levels were significantly higher in the CG than in the EG at week 4 (P = .004), IL-6 was significantly higher in the CG than in the EG at week 4 (P = .049), and IL-10 was significantly increased at week 4 in both groups (P = .002 for CG and P = .001 for EG). In conclusion, daily consumption of a combination of an olive fruit extract and an almond skin extract for 8 weeks seems to protect LDL from oxidation and to prevent inflammatory status in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juristo Fonollá
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Roberto Luque
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | - Óscar Bañuelos
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mónica Olivares
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | - Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
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Vetrani C, Costabile G, Vitale M, Giacco R. (Poly)phenols and cardiovascular diseases: Looking in to move forward. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Grau-Bové C, González-Quilen C, Terra X, Blay MT, Beltrán-Debón R, Jorba-Martín R, Espina B, Pinent M, Ardévol A. Effects of Flavanols on Enteroendocrine Secretion. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060844. [PMID: 32492958 PMCID: PMC7355421 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some beneficial effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) can be explained by the modulation of enterohormone secretion. As GSPE comprises a combination of different molecules, the pure compounds that cause these effects need to be elucidated. The enterohormones and chemoreceptors present in the gastrointestinal tract differ between species, so if humans are to gain beneficial effects, species closer to humans-and humans themselves-must be used. We demonstrate that 100 mg/L of GSPE stimulates peptide YY (PYY) release, but not glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release in the human colon. We used a pig ex vivo system that differentiates between apical and basolateral intestinal sides to analyse how apical stimulation with GSPE and its pure compounds affects the gastrointestinal tract. In pigs, apical GSPE treatment stimulates the basolateral release of PYY in the duodenum and colon and that of GLP-1 in the ascending, but not the descending colon. In the duodenum, luminal stimulation with procyanidin dimer B2 increased PYY secretion, but not CCK secretion, while catechin monomers (catechin/epicatechin) significantly increased CCK release, but not PYY release. The differential effects of GSPE and its pure compounds on enterohormone release at the same intestinal segment suggest that they act through chemosensors located apically and unevenly distributed along the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Grau-Bové
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
| | - Carlos González-Quilen
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
| | - M. Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
| | - Raul Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
| | - Rosa Jorba-Martín
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Espina
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
- Servei de Cirurgia General i de l’Aparell Digestiu, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43005 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-97-755-9566
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel·lí Domingo nº1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-B.); (C.G.-Q.); (X.T.); (M.T.B.); (R.B.-D.); (A.A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43005 Tarragona, Spain; (R.J.-M.); (B.E.)
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Beneficial effects of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) supplementation on metabolic and inflammatory adverse effects induced by high-fat diet in a mouse model of obesity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232605. [PMID: 32379797 PMCID: PMC7205235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a constantly increasing health problem worldwide. It is associated with a systemic low-grade inflammation, which contributes to the development of metabolic disorders and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes. Diet has an important role in the prevention of obesity and its adverse health effects; as a part of healthy diet, polyphenol-rich berries, such as lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) have been proposed to have health-promoting effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lingonberry supplementation on high-fat diet induced metabolic and inflammatory changes in a mouse model of obesity. Thirty male C57BL/6N mice were divided into three groups (n = 10/group) to receive low-fat (LF), high-fat (HF) and lingonberry-supplemented high-fat (HF+LGB) diet for six weeks. Low-fat and high-fat diet contained 10% and 46% of energy from fat, respectively. Lingonberry supplementation prevented the high-fat diet induced adverse changes in blood cholesterol and glucose levels and had a moderate effect on the weight and visceral fat gain, which were 26% and 25% lower, respectively, in the lingonberry group than in the high-fat diet control group. Interestingly, lingonberry supplementation also restrained the high-fat diet induced increases in the circulating levels of the proinflammatory adipocytokine leptin (by 36%) and the inflammatory acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA; by 85%). Similar beneficial effects were discovered in the hepatic expression of the inflammatory factors CXCL-14, S100A10 and SAA by lingonberry supplementation. In conclusion, the present results indicate that lingonberry supplementation significantly prevents high-fat diet induced metabolic and inflammatory changes in a murine model of obesity. The results encourage evaluation of lingonberries as a part of healthy diet against obesity and its comorbidities.
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KARADAĞOĞLU Ö, ŞAHİN T, ÖLMEZ M, YAKAN A, ÖZSOY B. Changes in serum biochemical and lipid profile, and fatty acid composition of breast meat of broiler chickens fed supplemental grape seed extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1906-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chen Y, Huang F, McClements DJ, Xie B, Sun Z, Deng Q. Oligomeric Procyanidin Nanoliposomes Prevent Melanogenesis and UV Radiation-Induced Skin Epithelial Cell (HFF-1) Damage. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061458. [PMID: 32213858 PMCID: PMC7145291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential protective effect of nanoliposomes loaded with lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidin (LSOPC) against melanogenesis and skin damaging was investigated. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that, after encapsulation, the LSOPC-nanoliposomes still possessed strong inhibitory effects against melanogenesis, reducing the activity of both monophenolase and diphenolase. Molecular docking indicated that LSOPC could generate intense interactive configuration with tyrosinase through arene-H, arene-arene, and hydrophobic interaction. An ultraviolet radiated cell-culture model (human foreskin fibroblast cell (HFF-1)) was used to determine the protective effects of the LSOPC-nanoliposomes against skin aging and damage. Results showed that LSOPC-nanoliposomes exerted the highest protective effects against both ultraviolet B (UVB) and ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation groups compared with non-encapsulated LSOPC and a control (vitamin C). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA) assays demonstrated the protection mechanism may be related to the anti-photooxidation activity of the procyanidin. Furthermore, a hydroxyproline assay suggested that the LSOPC-nanoliposomes had a strong protective effect against collagen degradation and/or synthesis after UVA irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashu Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.C.); (F.H.)
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.C.); (F.H.)
| | | | - Bijun Xie
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhida Sun
- Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (B.X.); (Z.S.)
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (Y.C.); (F.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-186-9619-8198
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Giacco R, Costabile G, Fatati G, Frittitta L, Maiorino MI, Marelli G, Parillo M, Pistis D, Tubili C, Vetrani C, Vitale M. Effects of polyphenols on cardio-metabolic risk factors and risk of type 2 diabetes. A joint position statement of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI) and the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:355-367. [PMID: 31918979 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM A large body of evidence supports a role of polyphenols in the prevention of chronic diseases, i.e. type 2 diabetes (DMT2), cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. In the present manuscript, the effect of polyphenol/phenolic compounds on the main cardio-metabolic risk factors (body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations, plasma lipids, inflammation and oxidative stress) in humans will be discussed. DATA SYNTHESIS Epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich diets in the prevention of T2D risk. However, the available evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials did not allow the identification of specific phenolic compounds or polyphenol-rich foods that effectively improve cardio-metabolic risk factors. The most promising results in terms of the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors derive from RCTs based on a long-term intake of polyphenol-rich foods and beverages. Therefore, future studies should focus on a diet containing different classes of polyphenols rather than a specific food or phenolic compound. The hypothesis is that a polyphenol-rich diet may have a pleiotropic effect on cardiometabolic risk factors thanks to the specific action of different polyphenol subclasses. CONCLUSION The lack of conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of polyphenols in the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors does not allow recommendation of their use as supplements to reduce T2D and CVD risk. However, the daily consumption of naturally polyphenol-rich foods and beverages might be advised according to the current nutritional dietary recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Science of National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Fatati
- Unit of Diabetology, Dietology and Clinical Nutrition, S. Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy; Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria I Maiorino
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Diabetes Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marelli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Vimercate Hospital, Vimercate, Italy; Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Parillo
- Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anna and St. Sebastian Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | - Danila Pistis
- Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Rome, Italy; ATS Sardegna U.O. Diabetologia Poliambulatorio Quartu S.E. Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Tubili
- Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy; Diabetes Unit, "S.Camillo-Forlanini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Rajan L, Palaniswamy D, Mohankumar SK. Targeting obesity with plant-derived pancreatic lipase inhibitors: A comprehensive review. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104681. [PMID: 32045666 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity is alarmingly increasing in the last few decades and leading to many serious public health concerns worldwide. The dysregulated lipid homeostasis due to various genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors is considered one of the critical putative pathways mediating obesity. Nonetheless, the scientific advancements unleashing the molecular dynamics of lipid metabolism have provided deeper insights on the emerging roles of lipid hydrolysing enzymes, including pancreatic lipase. It is hypothesized that inhibiting pancreatic lipase would prevent the breakdown of triglyceride and delays the absorption of fatty acids into the systemic circulation and adipocytes. Whilst, orlistat is the only conventional pancreatic lipase enzyme inhibitor available in clinics, identifying the safe clinical alternatives from plants to inhibit pancreatic lipase has been considered a significant advancement. Consequently, plants which have shown significant potential to combat obesity are now revisited for its abilities to inhibit pancreatic lipase. In this regard, our review surveyed the potential of medicinal plants and its phytoconstituents to inhibit pancreatic lipase and to elicit anti-obesity effects. Thus, the review collate and critically appraise the potential of medicinal plants and phyto-molecules inhibiting pancreatic lipase enzyme and consequently modulating triglyceride absorption in gut, and discuss its implications in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logesh Rajan
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhanabal Palaniswamy
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Mohankumar
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Shoji K, Yamasaki M, Kunitake H. Effects of Dietary Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) Leaves on Mildly Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:143-151. [PMID: 31941864 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevention of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is an important consideration for reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. While blueberry fruits have been reported to ameliorate lipid metabolism in humans, there are only few research reports on the effects of blueberry leaves (BL). Here, we investigated the efficacy of BL on postprandial hyperlipidemia in subjects with high fasting triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations. Randomized, double-blind, cross-over design study was conducted. The subjects consumed a BL containing beverage or a placebo beverage before a fat-enriched test meal. Blood samples were collected prior to and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 hours after consuming the test beverage. The postprandial serum TG and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) concentrations were significantly lower in the BL beverage compared with those in the placebo beverage. Additionally, BL was more effective in subjects with high fasting ghrelin with gastric emptying function. In current study, fasting ghrelin correlated with the increase in postprandial serum TG, suggesting that BL ameliorates hypertriglyceridemia through delayed gastric emptying. In conclusion, this pilot study suggests that BL may be useful as an early dietary therapy for treating postprandial hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shoji
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University
| | - Masao Yamasaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
| | - Hisato Kunitake
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki
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Castro MC, Villagarcía H, Nazar A, Arbeláez LG, Massa ML, Del Zotto H, Ríos JL, Schinella GR, Francini F. Cacao extract enriched in polyphenols prevents endocrine-metabolic disturbances in a rat model of prediabetes triggered by a sucrose rich diet. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112263. [PMID: 31580944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cocoa extracts rich in polyphenols are used as potential agent for treating diabetes. Cocoa polyphenols have been proved to ameliorate important hallmarks of type-2 diabetes (T2D). They can regulate glucose levels by increasing insulin secretion, promoting β-cell proliferation and a reduction of insulin resistance. In addition, epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases the incidence of T2D. AIM OF THE STUDY T2D is preceded by a prediabetic state in which the endocrine-metabolic changes described in T2D are already present. Since epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of flavonoid decreases its incidence, we evaluated possible preventive effects of polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract on a model of prediabetes induced by sucrose. MATERIALS AND METHODS We determined circulating parameters and insulin sensitivity indexes, liver protein carbonyl groups and reduced glutathione, liver mRNA expression levels of lipogenic enzymes, expression of different pro-inflammatory mediators, fructokinase activity and liver glycogen content. For that, radioimmunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, spectrophotometry, and immunohistochemistry were used. RESULTS We demonstrated that sucrose administration triggered hypertriglyceridemia, insulin-resistance, and liver increased oxidative stress and inflammation markers compared to control rats. Additionally, we found an increase in glycogen deposit, fructokinase activity, and lipogenic genes expression (SREBP-1c, FAS and GPAT) together with a decrease in P-Akt and P-eNOS protein content (P < 0.05). Sucrose-induced insulin resistance, hepatic carbohydrate and lipid dysmetabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation were effectively disrupted by polyphenol-enriched cocoa extract (PECE) co-administration (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary administration of cocoa flavanols may be an effective and complementary tool for preventing or reverting T2D at an early stage of its development (prediabetes).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Castro
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hernán Villagarcía
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ada Nazar
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Luisa González Arbeláez
- CIC (Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM), La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Laura Massa
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Héctor Del Zotto
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina
| | - José Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Guillermo R Schinella
- Cátedra Farmacología Básica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas UNLP and CICPBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Flavio Francini
- CENEXA (Centro de Endocrinología Experimental y Aplicada) (UNLP-CONICET La Plata-FCM, CEAS-CICPBA), La Plata, Argentina.
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Bozzetto L, Della Pepa G, Vetrani C, Rivellese AA. Dietary Impact on Postprandial Lipemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:337. [PMID: 32733374 PMCID: PMC7358426 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in postprandial lipemia (PPL), particularly those related to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, are considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor. As diet is known to be one of the main modulators of PPL, the aim of this review was to summarize and discuss current knowledge on the impact of diet and its components on PPL in humans; specifically, the impact of weight loss, different nutrients (quantity and quality of dietary fats, carbohydrates, and proteins), alcohol and other bioactive dietary components (i.e., polyphenols), as well as the effect of different dietary patterns. The possible mechanisms behind the metabolic effects of each dietary component were also discussed.
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, D’Addario C, Falconi A, Bellia F, Blay MT, Terra X, Ardévol A, Pinent M, Beltrán-Debón R. Long-Lasting Effects of GSPE on Ileal GLP-1R Gene Expression Are Associated with a Hypomethylation of the GLP-1R Promoter in Female Wistar Rats. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120865. [PMID: 31842341 PMCID: PMC6995503 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been shown to modulate GLP-1 in obesity. GLP-1 induces some of its effects through the intestinal GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), though no data exist on how flavonoids affect this receptor. Here, we examine how a dose of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) with anti-obesity activity affects intestinal GLP-1R and analyze whether epigenetics play a role in the long-lasting effects of GSPE. We found that 10-day GSPE administration prior to the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R mRNA in the ileum 17 weeks after the GSPE treatment. This was associated with a hypomethylation of the GLP-1R promoter near the region where the SP1 transcription factor binds. In the colon, the cafeteria diet upregulated GLP-1R without showing any GSPE effect. In conclusion, we have identified long-lasting GSPE effects on GLP-1R gene expression in the ileum that are partly mediated by hypomethylation at the gene promoter and may affect the SP1 binding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ginés
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Claudio D’Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Anastasia Falconi
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Fabio Bellia
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (C.D.); (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Ximena Terra
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Anna Ardévol
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-977-55-9566; Fax: +34-977-55-8232
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- MoBioFood Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, c/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (I.G.); (K.G.-C.); (M.T.B.); (X.T.); (A.A.); (R.B.-D.)
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Effects of a diet naturally rich in polyphenols on lipid composition of postprandial lipoproteins in high cardiometabolic risk individuals: an ancillary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:183-192. [PMID: 31249395 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Plasma lipoprotein composition, especially in the postprandial state, could be relevant for cardiovascular risk and could be influenced by eating habits. This study evaluated the effects of a polyphenol-rich diet on postprandial lipoprotein composition in individuals at high cardiometabolic risk. SUBJECTS/METHODS Seventy-eight individuals with high waist circumference and at least another component of the metabolic syndrome were randomized to either a high-polyphenol (HighP) or low-polyphenol (LowP) diet. Before and after the 8-week intervention, chylomicrons, VLDL1, VLDL2, IDL, LDL, HDL particles, and their lipid concentrations were determined over a 6-h high-fat test meal with high or low-polyphenol content, according to the diet assigned. RESULTS VLDL1 postprandial areas under the curve (AUCs) were lower for cholesterol (Chol) (1.48 ± 0.98 vs. 1.91 ± 1.13 mmol/L × 6 h, M ± SD, p = 0.014) and triglycerides (Tg) (4.70 ± 2.70 vs. 6.02 ± 3.07 mmol/L × 6 h, p = 0.005) after the HighP than after the LowP diet, with no changes in Chol/Tg ratio. IDL Chol AUCs were higher after the HighP than after the LowP diet (1.29 ± 0.77 vs. 1.01 ± 0.51 mmol/L × 6 h, p = 0.037). LDL Tg AUCs were higher after the HighP than after the LowP diet (1.15 ± 0.33 vs. 1.02 ± 0.35 mmol/L × 6 h, p < 0.001), with a lower Chol/Tg ratio (14.6 ± 4.0 vs. 16.0 ± 3.8, p = 0.007). HDL Tg AUCs were lower after the HighP than after the LowP diet (1.20 ± 0.41 vs. 1.34 ± 0.37 mmol/L × 6 h, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS A high-polyphenol diet reduces the postprandial lipid content of large VLDL and increases IDL cholesterol; it modifies the composition of LDL particles-which become richer in triglycerides, and of HDL-which become instead triglyceride poor. The overall changes in atherogenicity by these effects warrant further investigation on clinical cardiovascular outcomes.
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Nie Y, Stürzenbaum SR. Proanthocyanidins of Natural Origin: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Lipid Disorder and Aging-Associated Diseases. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:464-478. [PMID: 30926997 PMCID: PMC6520035 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are phytonutrients formed by oligomerization or polymerization of subunits catechin, epicatechin, and their gallic acid esters. Proanthocyanidins are a component of many plants and thus form an integral part of the human diet. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins are currently marketed as medicinal products that target vascular disorders and chronic pathological conditions, many of which are age-associated. Proanthocyanidins are also characterized by their effects on energy homeostasis. Not dissimilar to their chemically synthesized counterparts, naturally extracted proanthocyanidins act via inhibition of lipases, stimulation of energy expenditure, or suppression of appetite. Here we review the current knowledge-base and highlight challenges and future impacts regarding involvement of proanthocyanidins in global lipid metabolism, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms and pathological conditions that progress with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nie
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Stürzenbaum
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Jaramillo Flores ME. Cocoa Flavanols: Natural Agents with Attenuating Effects on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040751. [PMID: 30935075 PMCID: PMC6520706 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in cacao flavanols is still growing, as bioactive compounds with potential benefits in the prevention of chronic diseases associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Several analytical methodologies support that the flavanols in cacao-derived products can be absorbed, have bioactive properties, and thus can be responsible for their beneficial effects on human health. However, it must be considered that their biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms will depend on the concentrations achieved in their target tissues. Based on the antioxidant properties of cacao flavanols, this review focuses on recent advances in research regarding their potential to improve metabolic syndrome risk factors. Additionally, it has included other secondary plant metabolites that have been investigated for their protective effects against metabolic syndrome. Studies using laboratory animals or human subjects represent strong available evidence for biological effects of cacao flavanols. Nevertheless, in vitro studies are also included to provide an overview of these phytochemical mechanisms of action. Further studies are needed to determine if the main cacao flavanols or their metabolites are responsible for the observed health benefits and which are their precise molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Jaramillo Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Wilfrido Massieu s/n esq, Manuel Stampa, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Alcaldía G. A. Madero, Ciudad de México CP 07738, Mexico.
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Martínez-Maqueda D, Zapatera B, Gallego-Narbón A, Vaquero MP, Saura-Calixto F, Pérez-Jiménez J. A 6-week supplementation with grape pomace to subjects at cardiometabolic risk ameliorates insulin sensitivity, without affecting other metabolic syndrome markers. Food Funct 2019; 9:6010-6019. [PMID: 30382274 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Grape polyphenols have shown a promising role in the modulation of metabolic syndrome (MetS), mostly in animal models. However, clinical studies are scarce and they usually only consider a fraction of polyphenols, ignoring the non-extractable polyphenols (high molecular weight compounds or associated with macromolecules such as dietary fibre). This study aimed at evaluating the effect of grape pomace, rich in both extractable and non-extractable polyphenols, on markers of MetS. Fifty subjects (22 women) aged 20-65 with at least two MetS factors were randomly assigned to the product (daily dose of 8 g of dried grape pomace) or to the control group in a 6 week crossover design with a 4 week wash-out. Samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of both periods; half of the participants were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test at the beginning and the end of the supplementation period. Grape pomace supplementation significantly improved fasting insulinaemia (p < 0.01), without affecting other cardiometabolic risk parameters. A tendency towards an improvement in postprandial insulinaemia was observed, particularly in those subjects with higher fasting insulin levels. Therefore, supplementation with grape pomace may be a strategy for improving insulin sensitivity in subjects at high cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martínez-Maqueda
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Shi Y, Jia M, Xu L, Fang Z, Wu W, Zhang Q, Chung P, Lin Y, Wang S, Zhang Y. miR-96 and autophagy are involved in the beneficial effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins against high-fat-diet-induced dyslipidemia in mice. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1222-1232. [PMID: 30848548 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the possible signaling pathways underlying the regulation of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts (GSPE) on lipid metabolism. One hundred male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: control group (normal diet), GSPE group (normal diet + GSPE), high-fat diet group (HFD), and high-fat diet plus GSPE (200 mg/kg/day) group (HFD + GSPE). Mice received the diets for 180 days. Body weight and serum lipid levels were measured. Autophagic flux characteristics, such as accumulation of lipids, mitochondria, and autophagosomes in the liver, were detected using transmission electron microscopy. Expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the liver was determined using RNA microarray and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRt-PCR). GSPE significantly decreased the weight gain, serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the HFD mice. Autophagic flux was significantly increased by HFD but decreased by GSPE treatment. GSPE significantly attenuated HFD-induced miR-96 upregulation, which in turn reduced the expressions of miR-96 downstream molecules, FOXO1, mTOR, p-mTOR, and LC3A/B. These results suggested that the miR-96 is involved in the protective effect of GSPE against HFD-induced dyslipidemia. Possible mechanisms might be through mTOR and FOXO1, which facilitate autophagic flux for clearance of lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shi
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Fang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter Chung
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjian Zhang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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