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Zhao Y, Li Y, Guo R, Jin W, Sutton B, Ma C, El Fakhri G, Li Y, Luo J, Liang ZP. Accelerated 3D metabolite T 1 mapping of the brain using variable-flip-angle SPICE. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:1310-1322. [PMID: 38923032 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a practical method to enable 3D T1 mapping of brain metabolites. THEORY AND METHODS Due to the high dimensionality of the imaging problem underlying metabolite T1 mapping, measurement of metabolite T1 values has been currently limited to a single voxel or slice. This work achieved 3D metabolite T1 mapping by leveraging a recent ultrafast MRSI technique called SPICE (spectroscopic imaging by exploiting spatiospectral correlation). The Ernst-angle FID MRSI data acquisition used in SPICE was extended to variable flip angles, with variable-density sparse sampling for efficient encoding of metabolite T1 information. In data processing, a novel generalized series model was used to remove water and subcutaneous lipid signals; a low-rank tensor model with prelearned subspaces was used to reconstruct the variable-flip-angle metabolite signals jointly from the noisy data. RESULTS The proposed method was evaluated using both phantom and healthy subject data. Phantom experimental results demonstrated that high-quality 3D metabolite T1 maps could be obtained and used for correction of T1 saturation effects. In vivo experimental results showed metabolite T1 maps with a large spatial coverage of 240 × 240 × 72 mm3 and good reproducibility coefficients (< 11%) in a 14.5-min scan. The metabolite T1 times obtained ranged from 0.99 to 1.44 s in gray matter and from 1.00 to 1.35 s in white matter. CONCLUSION We successfully demonstrated the feasibility of 3D metabolite T1 mapping within a clinically acceptable scan time. The proposed method may prove useful for both T1 mapping of brain metabolites and correcting the T1-weighting effects in quantitative metabolic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhao
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yudu Li
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Rong Guo
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Wen Jin
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Brad Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Georges El Fakhri
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Pei Liang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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2
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Marten LM, Krätzner R, Salomons GS, Fernandez Ojeda M, Dechent P, Gärtner J, Huppke P, Dreha-Kulaczewski S. Long term follow-up in GAMT deficiency - Correlation of therapy regimen, biochemical and in vivo brain proton MR spectroscopy data. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 38:101053. [PMID: 38469086 PMCID: PMC10926185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
GAMT deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disease within the group of cerebral creatine deficiency syndromes. Cerebral creatine depletion and accumulation of guanidinoacetate (GAA) lead to clinical presentation with intellectual disability, seizures, speech disturbances and movement disorders. Treatment consists of daily creatine supplementation to increase cerebral creatine, reduction of arginine intake and supplementation of ornithine for reduction of toxic GAA levels. This study represents the first long-term follow-up over a period of 14 years, with detailed clinical data, biochemical and multimodal neuroimaging findings. Developmental milestones, brain MRI, quantitative single voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and biochemical analyses were assessed. The results reveal insights into the dose dependent effects of creatine/ornithine supplementation and expand the phenotypic spectrum of GAMT deficiency. Of note, the creatine concentrations, which were regularly monitored over a long follow-up period, increased significantly over time, but did not reach age matched control ranges. Our patient is the second reported to show normal neurocognitive outcome after an initial delay, stressing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara M. Marten
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Krätzner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gajja S. Salomons
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases and Dept of Pediatrics Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matilde Fernandez Ojeda
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases and Dept of Pediatrics Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Dechent
- MR-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Gärtner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Peter Huppke
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Germany
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Dong Z, Kantrowitz JT, Mann JJ. Improving the reproducibility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy brain thermometry: Theoretical and empirical approaches. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4749. [PMID: 35475306 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H MRS)-based thermometry of brain, averaging temperatures measured from more than one reference peak offers several advantages, including improving the reproducibility (i.e., precision) of the measurement. This paper proposes theoretically and empirically optimal weighting factors to improve the weighted average of temperatures measured from three references. We first proposed concepts of equivalent noise and equivalent signal-to-noise ratio in terms of frequency measurement and a concept of relative frequency that allows the combination of different peaks in a spectrum for improving the precision of frequency measurement. Based on these, we then derived a theoretically optimal weighting factor and proposed an empirical weighting factor, both involving equivalent noise levels, for a weighted average of temperatures measured from three references (i.e., the singlets of NAA, Cr, and Ch in the 1 H MR spectrum). We assessed these two weighting factors by comparing their errors in measurement of temperatures with the errors of temperatures measured from individual references; we also compared these two new weighting factors with two previously proposed weighting factors. These errors were defined as the standard deviations in repeated measurements or in Monte Carlo studies. Both the proposed theoretical and empirical weighting factors outperformed the two previously proposed weighting factors as well as the three individual references in all phantom and in vivo experiments. In phantom experiments with 4- or 10-Hz line broadening, the theoretical weighting factor outperformed the empirical one, but the latter was superior in all other repeated and Monte Carlo tests performed on phantom and in vivo data. The proposed weighting factors are superior to the two previously proposed weighting factors and can improve the reproducibility of temperature measurement using 1 H MRS-based thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua T Kantrowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Wesselink DB, Sanders ZB, Edmondson LR, Dempsey-Jones H, Kieliba P, Kikkert S, Themistocleous AC, Emir U, Diedrichsen J, Saal HP, Makin TR. Malleability of the cortical hand map following a finger nerve block. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2393. [PMID: 35452294 PMCID: PMC9032959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies in monkeys show that finger amputation triggers local remapping within the deprived primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Human neuroimaging research, however, shows persistent S1 representation of the missing hand's fingers, even decades after amputation. Here, we explore whether this apparent contradiction stems from underestimating the distributed peripheral and central representation of fingers in the hand map. Using pharmacological single-finger nerve block and 7-tesla neuroimaging, we first replicated previous accounts (electrophysiological and other) of local S1 remapping. Local blocking also triggered activity changes to nonblocked fingers across the entire hand area. Using methods exploiting interfinger representational overlap, however, we also show that the blocked finger representation remained persistent despite input loss. Computational modeling suggests that both local stability and global reorganization are driven by distributed processing underlying the topographic map, combined with homeostatic mechanisms. Our findings reveal complex interfinger representational features that play a key role in brain (re)organization, beyond (re)mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan B. Wesselink
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zeena-Britt Sanders
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura R. Edmondson
- Active Touch Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Harriet Dempsey-Jones
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paulina Kieliba
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sanne Kikkert
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas C. Themistocleous
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Brain Function Research Group, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Uzay Emir
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jörn Diedrichsen
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Hannes P. Saal
- Active Touch Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tamar R. Makin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK
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5
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OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:3022-3034. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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6
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Klauser A, Klauser P, Grouiller F, Courvoisier S, Lazeyras F. Whole-brain high-resolution metabolite mapping with 3D compressed-sensing SENSE low-rank 1 H FID-MRSI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4615. [PMID: 34595791 PMCID: PMC9285075 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the neuroscience community to map the distribution of brain metabolites in vivo. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is often limited by either a poor spatial resolution and/or a long acquisition time, which severely restricts its applications for clinical and research purposes. Building on a recently developed technique of acquisition-reconstruction for 2D MRSI, we combined a fast Cartesian 1 H-FID-MRSI acquisition sequence, compressed-sensing acceleration, and low-rank total-generalized-variation constrained reconstruction to produce 3D high-resolution whole-brain MRSI with a significant acquisition time reduction. We first evaluated the acceleration performance using retrospective undersampling of a fully sampled dataset. Second, a 20 min accelerated MRSI acquisition was performed on three healthy volunteers, resulting in metabolite maps with 5 mm isotropic resolution. The metabolite maps exhibited the detailed neurochemical composition of all brain regions and revealed parts of the underlying brain anatomy. The latter assessment used previous reported knowledge and a atlas-based analysis to show consistency of the concentration contrasts and ratio across all brain regions. These results acquired on a clinical 3 T MRI scanner successfully combined 3D 1 H-FID-MRSI with a constrained reconstruction to produce detailed mapping of metabolite concentrations at high resolution over the whole brain, with an acquisition time suitable for clinical or research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Klauser
- Department of Radiology and Medical InformaticsUniversity of GenevaSwitzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM)GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalSwitzerland
- Service of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalSwitzerland
| | - Frédéric Grouiller
- Swiss Center for Affective SciencesUniversity of GenevaSwitzerland
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Fundamental NeuroscienceUniversity of GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Sébastien Courvoisier
- Department of Radiology and Medical InformaticsUniversity of GenevaSwitzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM)GenevaSwitzerland
| | - François Lazeyras
- Department of Radiology and Medical InformaticsUniversity of GenevaSwitzerland
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM)GenevaSwitzerland
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7
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Petitet P, Spitz G, Emir UE, Johansen-Berg H, O'Shea J. Age-related decline in cortical inhibitory tone strengthens motor memory. Neuroimage 2021; 245:118681. [PMID: 34728243 PMCID: PMC8752967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing disrupts the finely tuned excitation/inhibition balance (E:I) across cortex via a natural decline in inhibitory tone (γ-amino butyric acid, GABA), causing functional decrements. However, in young adults, experimentally lowering GABA in sensorimotor cortex enhances a specific domain of sensorimotor function: adaptation memory. Here, we tested the hypothesis that as sensorimotor cortical GABA declines naturally with age, adaptation memory would increase, and the former would explain the latter. Results confirmed this prediction. To probe causality, we used brain stimulation to further lower sensorimotor cortical GABA during adaptation. Across individuals, how stimulation changed memory depended on sensorimotor cortical E:I. In those with low E:I, stimulation increased memory; in those with high E:I stimulation reduced memory. Thus, we identified a form of motor memory that is naturally strengthened by age, depends causally on sensorimotor cortex neurochemistry, and may be a potent target for motor skill preservation strategies in healthy ageing and neurorehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Petitet
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe Trajectoires, Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Université Lyon 1, Bron, France.
| | - Gershon Spitz
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Uzay E Emir
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Jacinta O'Shea
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (NDCN), John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA), University of Oxford Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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8
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Liao R, Zhang D, Li X, Ma J, Yu J, Yang C, Xiong H, Zhou B, Huang X, Tang Z. A Preliminary Study on the Diagnostic Efficacy of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3.0T in Rabbit With VX2 Liver Tumor. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211036852. [PMID: 34372732 PMCID: PMC8361547 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211036852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of choline (Cho) value of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in rabbit with VX2 liver tumor via comparative and quantitative analysis with the choline compounds concentration measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Methods: MRS was performed on normal liver and VX2 tumor. The Cho value of VX2 tumor was compared with that of normal liver. Tissues were harvested for ELISA to detect the concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh), glycophorophosphygholine (GPC) and phosphochorine (PC). The diagnostic performance of Cho value and concentrations of choline compounds were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under ROC curve (AUC). The specificity and sensitivity were discussed by the maximum Youden’s index. Results: The concentration of ACh was obviously higher than that of GPC and PC both in VX2 tumor and normal liver (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the concentration differences among ACh, GPC and PG were the third power of 10. Both the ACh concentration and Cho value of MRS in VX2 tumor were significantly higher than those in normal liver (P < 0.01). The AUC of ACh in VX2 tumor was 0.883, when the cutoff value was 7259000, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of liver cancer were 94.4% and 77.8%, respectively. The AUC of Cho in VX2 tumor was 0.807, when the cutoff value was 28.35, the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of liver cancer were 83.3% and 77.8%, respectively. Conclusion: The change of Cho value in MRS between liver cancer and normal liver was consistent with the changes of concentrations of choline compounds measured by ELISA, especially the change of ACh concentration. The diagnostic efficiency of Cho value and that of choline compounds concentration in liver cancer were extremely similar, with the AUC more than 0.8. We conclude that MRS may be applied as an important, non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikun Liao
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Molecular and Functional Imaging Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Molecular and Functional Imaging Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Molecular and Functional Imaging Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Ma
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiayi Yu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Molecular and Functional Imaging Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Molecular and Functional Imaging Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Molecular and Functional Imaging Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Molecular and Functional Imaging Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianlong Huang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuoyue Tang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China.,Molecular and Functional Imaging Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, 74519University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
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9
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Motyka S, Hingerl L, Strasser B, Hangel G, Heckova E, Agibetov A, Dorffner G, Gruber S, Trattning S, Bogner W. k-Space-based coil combination via geometric deep learning for reconstruction of non-Cartesian MRSI data. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:2353-2367. [PMID: 34061405 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE State-of-the-art whole-brain MRSI with spatial-spectral encoding and multichannel acquisition generates huge amounts of data, which must be efficiently processed to stay within reasonable reconstruction times. Although coil combination significantly reduces the amount of data, currently it is performed in image space at the end of the reconstruction. This prolongs reconstruction times and increases RAM requirements. We propose an alternative k-space-based coil combination that uses geometric deep learning to combine MRSI data already in native non-Cartesian k-space. METHODS Twelve volunteers were scanned at a 3T MR scanner with a 20-channel head coil at 10 different positions with water-unsuppressed MRSI. At the eleventh position, water-suppressed MRSI data were acquired. Data of 7 volunteers were used to estimate sensitivity maps and form a base for simulating training data. A neural network was designed and trained to remove the effect of sensitivity profiles of the coil elements from the MRSI data. The water-suppressed MRSI data of the remaining volunteers were used to evaluate the performance of the new k-space-based coil combination relative to that of a conventional image-based alternative. RESULTS For both approaches, the resulting metabolic ratio maps were similar. The SNR of the k-space-based approach was comparable to the conventional approach in low SNR regions, but underperformed for high SNR. The Cramér-Rao lower bounds show the same trend. The analysis of the FWHM showed no difference between the two methods. CONCLUSION k-Space-based coil combination of MRSI data is feasible and reduces the amount of raw data immediately after their sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Motyka
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Hingerl
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Strasser
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Heckova
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Asan Agibetov
- Section for Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support (CeMSIIS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Dorffner
- Section for Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support (CeMSIIS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattning
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Deelchand DK, Berrington A, Noeske R, Joers JM, Arani A, Gillen J, Schär M, Nielsen JF, Peltier S, Seraji-Bozorgzad N, Landheer K, Juchem C, Soher BJ, Noll DC, Kantarci K, Ratai EM, Mareci TH, Barker PB, Öz G. Across-vendor standardization of semi-LASER for single-voxel MRS at 3T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4218. [PMID: 31854045 PMCID: PMC7299834 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The semi-adiabatic localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) sequence provides single-shot full intensity signal with clean localization and minimal chemical shift displacement error and was recommended by the international MRS Consensus Group as the preferred localization sequence at high- and ultra-high fields. Across-vendor standardization of the sLASER sequence at 3 tesla has been challenging due to the B1 requirements of the adiabatic inversion pulses and maximum B1 limitations on some platforms. The aims of this study were to design a short-echo sLASER sequence that can be executed within a B1 limit of 15 μT by taking advantage of gradient-modulated RF pulses, to implement it on three major platforms and to evaluate the between-vendor reproducibility of its perfomance with phantoms and in vivo. In addition, voxel-based first and second order B0 shimming and voxel-based B1 adjustments of RF pulses were implemented on all platforms. Amongst the gradient-modulated pulses considered (GOIA, FOCI and BASSI), GOIA-WURST was identified as the optimal refocusing pulse that provides good voxel selection within a maximum B1 of 15 μT based on localization efficiency, contamination error and ripple artifacts of the inversion profile. An sLASER sequence (30 ms echo time) that incorporates VAPOR water suppression and 3D outer volume suppression was implemented with identical parameters (RF pulse type and duration, spoiler gradients and inter-pulse delays) on GE, Philips and Siemens and generated identical spectra on the GE 'Braino' phantom between vendors. High-quality spectra were consistently obtained in multiple regions (cerebellar white matter, hippocampus, pons, posterior cingulate cortex and putamen) in the human brain across vendors (5 subjects scanned per vendor per region; mean signal-to-noise ratio > 33; mean water linewidth between 6.5 Hz to 11.4 Hz). The harmonized sLASER protocol is expected to produce high reproducibility of MRS across sites thereby allowing large multi-site studies with clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam Berrington
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - James M Joers
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Arvin Arani
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph Gillen
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Schär
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Scott Peltier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | | | - Karl Landheer
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian J Soher
- Center for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Douglas C Noll
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eva M Ratai
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas H Mareci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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The impact of endurance training and table soccer on brain metabolites in schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:515-526. [PMID: 31686308 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Higher glutamate and glutamine (together: Glx) and lower N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) levels were reported in schizophrenia. Endurance training normalizes NAA in the hippocampus, but its effects on other metabolites in the brain and the relationship of metabolites to clinical symptoms remain unknown. For 12 weeks, 20 schizophrenia inpatients (14 men, 6 women) and 23 healthy controls (16 men, 7 women) performed endurance training and a control group of 21 schizophrenia inpatients (15 men, 6 women) played table soccer. A computer-assisted cognitive performance training program was introduced after 6 weeks. We assessed cognitive performance, psychopathological symptoms, and everyday functioning at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks and performed single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the hippocampus, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and thalamus. We quantified NAA, Glx, total creatine (tCr), calculated NAA/tCr and Glx/tCr and correlated these ratios with physical fitness, clinical and neurocognitive scores, and everyday functioning. At baseline, in both schizophrenia groups NAA/tCr was lower in the left DLPFC and left hippocampus and Glx/tCr was lower in the hippocampus than in the healthy controls. After 6 weeks, NAA/tCr increased in the left DLPFC in both schizophrenia groups. Brain metabolites did not change significantly in the hippocampus or thalamus, but the correlation between NAA/tCr and Glx/tCr normalized in the left DLPFC. Global Assessment of Functioning improvements correlated with NAA/tCr changes in the left DLPFC. In our study, endurance training and table soccer induced normalization of brain metabolite ratios in the brain circuitry associated with neuronal and synaptic elements, including metabolites of the glutamatergic system.
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Moser P, Bogner W, Hingerl L, Heckova E, Hangel G, Motyka S, Trattnig S, Strasser B. Non-Cartesian GRAPPA and coil combination using interleaved calibration data - application to concentric-ring MRSI of the human brain at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1587-1603. [PMID: 31183893 PMCID: PMC6772100 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) benefits from B0 ≥ 7T and multichannel receive coils, promising substantial resolution improvements. However, MRSI acquisition with high spatial resolution requires efficient acceleration and coil combination. To speed up the already-fast sampling via concentric rings, we implemented additional, non-Cartesian, hybrid through-time/through-k-space (tt/tk)-generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA). A new multipurpose interleaved calibration scan (interleaved MUSICAL) acquires reference data for both coil combination and PI. This renders the reconstruction process (especially PI) less sensitive to instabilities. METHODS Six healthy volunteers were scanned at 7T. Three calibration datasets for coil combination and PI were recorded: a) iMUSICAL, b) static MUSICAL as prescan, c) moved MUSICAL as prescan with misaligned head position. The coil combination performance, including motion sensitivity, of iMUSICAL was compared to MUSICAL for single-slice free induction decay (FID)-MRSI. Through-time/through-k-space-GRAPPA with constant/variable-density undersampling was evaluated on the same data, comparing the three calibration datasets. Additionally, the proposed method was successfully applied to 3D whole-brain FID-MRSI. RESULTS Using iMUSICAL for coil combination yielded the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (+9%) and lowest Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) (-6%) compared to both MUSICAL approaches, with similar metabolic map quality. Also, excellent mean g-factors of 1.07 and low residual lipid aliasing were obtained when using iMUSICAL as calibration data for two-fold, variable-density undersampling, while significantly degraded metabolic maps were obtained using the misaligned MUSICAL calibration data. CONCLUSION Through-time/through-k-space-GRAPPA can accelerate already time-efficient non-Cartesian spatial-spectral 2D/3D-MRSI encoding even further. Particularly promising results have been achieved using iMUSICAL as a robust, interleaved multipurpose calibration for MRSI reconstruction, without extra calibration prescan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Moser
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Hingerl
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Heckova
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gilbert Hangel
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Motyka
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Strasser
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Hoefemann M, Adalid V, Kreis R. Optimizing acquisition and fitting conditions for 1 H MR spectroscopy investigations in global brain pathology. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4161. [PMID: 31410911 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To optimize acquisition and fitting conditions for nonfocal disease in terms of voxel size and use of individual coil element data. Increasing the voxel size yields a higher signal-to-noise ratio, but leads to larger linewidths and more artifacts. Several ways to improve the spectral quality for large voxels are exploited and the optimal use of individual coil signals investigated. METHODS Ten human subjects were measured at 3 T using a 64-channel receive head coil with a semi-LASER localization sequence under optimized and deliberately mis-set field homogeneity. Eight different voxel sizes (8 to 99 cm3 ) were probed. Spectra were fitted either as weighted sums of the individual coil elements or simultaneously without summation. Eighteen metabolites were included in the fit model that also included the lineshapes from all coil elements as reflected in water reference data. Fitting errors for creatine, myo-Inositol and glutamate are reported as representative parameters to judge optimal acquisition and evaluation conditions. RESULTS Minimal Cramér-Rao lower bounds and thus optimal acquisition conditions were found for a voxel size of ~ 70 cm3 for the representative upfield metabolites. Spectral quality in terms of lineshape and artifact appearance was determined to differ substantially between coil elements. Simultaneous fitting of spectra from individual coil elements instead of traditional fitting of a weighted sum spectrum reduced Cramer-Rao lower bounds by up to 17% for large voxel sizes. CONCLUSION The optimal voxel size for best precision in determined metabolite content is surprisingly large. Such an acquisition condition is most relevant for detection of low-concentration metabolites, like NAD+ or phenylalanine, but also for longitudinal studies where very small alterations in metabolite content are targeted. In addition, simultaneous fitting of single channel spectra enforcing lineshape and coil sensitivity information proved to be superior to traditional signal combination with subsequent fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Hoefemann
- Depts. Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Victor Adalid
- Depts. Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- Depts. Radiology and Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Mallikourti V, Cheung SM, Gagliardi T, Masannat Y, Heys SD, He J. Optimal Phased-Array Signal Combination For Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Measurement In Breast Cancer Using Multiple Quantum Coherence MR Spectroscopy At 3T. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9259. [PMID: 31239527 PMCID: PMC6592938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), a key marker in breast cancer, is non-invasively quantifiable using multiple quantum coherence (MQC) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at the expense of losing half of the signal. Signal combination for phased array coils provides potential pathways to enhance the signal to noise ratio (SNR), with current algorithms developed for conventional brain MRS. Since PUFA spectra and the biochemical environment in the breast deviate significantly from those in the brain, we set out to identify the optimal algorithm for PUFA in breast cancer. Combination algorithms were compared using PUFA spectra from 17 human breast tumour specimens, 15 healthy female volunteers, and 5 patients with breast cancer on a clinical 3 T MRI scanner. Adaptively Optimised Combination (AOC) yielded the maximum SNR improvement in specimens (median, 39.5%; interquartile range: 35.5-53.2%, p < 0.05), volunteers (82.4 ± 37.4%, p < 0.001), and patients (median, 61%; range: 34-105%, p < 0.05), while independent from voxel volume (rho = 0.125, p = 0.632), PUFA content (rho = 0.256, p = 0.320) or water/fat ratio (rho = 0.353, p = 0.165). Using AOC, acquisition in patients is 1.5 times faster compared to non-noise decorrelated algorithms. Therefore, AOC is the most suitable current algorithm to improve SNR or accelerate the acquisition of PUFA MRS from breast in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Mallikourti
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Sai Man Cheung
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Tanja Gagliardi
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
- Department of Radiology, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Steven D Heys
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Breast Unit, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jiabao He
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Zoelch N, Hock A, Steuer AE, Heimer J, Kraemer T, Thali MJ, Gascho D. In situ postmortem ethanol quantification in the cerebrospinal fluid by non-water-suppressed proton MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4081. [PMID: 30835926 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the ethanol concentration in corpses with MRS would allow a reproducible forensic assessment by which evidence is collected in a noninvasive manner. However, although MRS has been successfully used to detect ethanol in vivo, it has not been applied to postmortem ethanol quantification in situ. The present study examined the feasibility of the noninvasive measurement of the ethanol concentration in human corpses with MRS. A total of 15 corpses with suspected alcohol consumption before demise underwent examination in a 3 T whole body scanner. To address the partial overlap of the ethanol and lactate signal in the postmortem spectrum, non-water-suppressed single voxel spectra were recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the left lateral ventricle via the metabolite cycling technique. The ethanol signals were quantified using the internal water as reference standard, as well as based on a reference signal acquired in a phantom. The measured values were compared with biochemically determined concentrations in the blood (BAC) and CSF (CSFAC). In 8 of the 15 corpses a BAC above zero was determined (range 0.03-1.68 g/kg). In all of these 8 corpses, ethanol was measured in CSF with the proposed MRS protocol. The two applied MRS calibration strategies resulted in similar concentrations. However, the MRS measurements generally overestimated the ethanol concentration by 0.09 g/kg (4%) to 0.72 g/kg (45%) as compared with the CSFAC value. The presented MRS protocol allows the measurement of ethanol in the CSF in human corpses and provides an estimation of the ethanol concentration prior to autopsy. Observed deviations from biochemically determined concentrations are mainly explained by the approximate correction of the relaxation attenuation of the ethanol signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklaus Zoelch
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Zurich University Hospital for Psychiatry, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hock
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Zurich University Hospital for Psychiatry, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
- Philips Healthcare Deutschland, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea E Steuer
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Heimer
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Thali
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Gascho
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Imaging, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Godlewska BR, Emir UE, Masaki C, Bargiotas T, Cowen PJ. Changes in brain Glx in depressed bipolar patients treated with lamotrigine: A proton MRS study. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:418-421. [PMID: 30599363 PMCID: PMC6368663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lamotrigine is a useful treatment in bipolar depression but requires several weeks of dose titration before its clinical effects can be assessed. Animal experimental studies suggest that lamotrigine lowers glutamate release. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of lamotrigine on brain glutamate in depressed bipolar patients and to determine whether baseline glutamate could be used to predict clinical response. METHODS We studied 21 bipolar patients who received lamotrigine treatment for a current episode of depression. Before starting lamotrigine and after 10-12 weeks treatment, patients underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scanning at 3 Tesla where levels of glutamate (measured as Glx) were determined in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). RESULTS Overall, lamotrigine treatment had no significant effect on Glx levels in ACC. However, in patients who responded clinically to lamotrigine treatment Glx concentrations were significantly increased. Baseline levels of Glx did not predict response to lamotrigine. LIMITATIONS The main limitation of the study was the modest sample size. Most patients were medicated which may have modified the effect of lamotrigine on glutamate activity. MRS at 3T cannot give a reliable estimate of glutamate separate from its main metabolite, glutamine, and thus changes in Glx may not give a precise estimate of effects of lamotrigine on glutamate itself. CONCLUSION Lamotrigine does not appear to have a direct effect on glutamate levels in ACC in bipolar patients. However, therapeutic improvement during lamotrigine was associated with increased Glx, suggesting that alterations in glutamatergic activity might be related to recovery from bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata R Godlewska
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit (PPRU), University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Neurosciences Building, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
| | - Uzay E Emir
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Masaki
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit (PPRU), University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Neurosciences Building, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoras Bargiotas
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Cowen
- Psychopharmacology Research Unit (PPRU), University Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Neurosciences Building, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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17
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Regional Metabolite Concentrations in Aging Human Brain: Comparison of Short-TE Whole Brain MR Spectroscopic Imaging and Single Voxel Spectroscopy at 3T. Clin Neuroradiol 2019; 30:251-261. [PMID: 30659340 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-018-00757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare a recently established whole brain MR spectroscopic imaging (wbMRSI) technique using spin-echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) acquisition and the Metabolic Imaging and Data Analysis System (MIDAS) software package with single voxel spectroscopy (SVS) technique and LCModel analysis for determination of relative metabolite concentrations in aging human brain. METHODS A total of 59 healthy subjects aged 20-70 years (n ≥ 5 per age decade for each gender) underwent a wbEPSI scan and 3 SVS scans of a 4 ml voxel volume located in the right basal ganglia, occipital grey matter and parietal white matter. Concentration ratios to total creatine (tCr) for N‑acetylaspartate (NAA/tCr), total choline (tCho/tCr), glutamine (Gln/tCr), glutamate (Glu/tCr) and myoinositol (mI/tCr) were obtained both from EPSI and SVS acquisitions with either LCModel or MIDAS. In addition, an aqueous phantom containing known metabolite concentrations was also measured. RESULTS Metabolite concentrations obtained with wbMRSI and SVS were comparable and consistent with those reported previously. Decreases of NAA/tCr and increases of line width with age were found with both techniques, while the results obtained from EPSI acquisition revealed generally narrower line widths and smaller Cramer-Rao lower bounds than those from SVS data. CONCLUSION The wbMRSI could be used to estimate metabolites in vivo and in vitro with the same reliability as using SVS, with the main advantage being the ability to determine metabolite concentrations in multiple brain structure simultaneously in vivo. It is expected to be widely used in clinical diagnostics and neuroscience.
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18
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Koolschijn RS, Emir UE, Pantelides AC, Nili H, Behrens TEJ, Barron HC. The Hippocampus and Neocortical Inhibitory Engrams Protect against Memory Interference. Neuron 2018; 101:528-541.e6. [PMID: 30581011 PMCID: PMC6560047 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our experiences often overlap with each other, yet we are able to selectively recall individual memories to guide decisions and future actions. The neural mechanisms that support such precise memory recall remain unclear. Here, using ultra-high field 7T MRI we reveal two distinct mechanisms that protect memories from interference. The first mechanism involves the hippocampus, where the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal predicts behavioral measures of memory interference, and representations of context-dependent memories are pattern separated according to their relational overlap. The second mechanism involves neocortical inhibition. When we reduce the concentration of neocortical GABA using trans-cranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), neocortical memory interference increases in proportion to the reduction in GABA, which in turn predicts behavioral performance. These findings suggest that memory interference is mediated by both the hippocampus and neocortex, where the hippocampus separates overlapping but context-dependent memories using relational information, and neocortical inhibition prevents unwanted co-activation between overlapping memories. Memory interference is mediated by both the hippocampus and neocortical inhibition In the hippocampus, overlapping memories are separated using relational information In neocortex, inhibition protects overlapping memories from interference By reducing neocortical GABA with brain stimulation, memory interference increases
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée S Koolschijn
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK.
| | - Uzay E Emir
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, IN 47907, USA
| | - Alexandros C Pantelides
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hamed Nili
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, 15 Parks Rd., Oxford OX1 3AQ, UK
| | - Timothy E J Behrens
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; The Wellcome Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Helen C Barron
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, FMRIB, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK; MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Rd., Oxford OX1 3TH, UK.
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Vareth M, Lupo J, Larson P, Nelson S. A comparison of coil combination strategies in 3D multi-channel MRSI reconstruction for patients with brain tumors. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3929. [PMID: 30168205 PMCID: PMC6290901 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to find the most robust algorithm for a phase-sensitive coil combination of 3D single-cycle and lactate-edited, multi-channel H-1 point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) localized echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) data for clinical applications in the brain. Data were acquired over 5-10 minutes at 3T using 8- or 32-channel array coils. Peak referencing with residual water and N-acetyl-aspartate, first-point phasing, generalized least squared (GLS) and whitened singular-value decomposition (WSVD) combination algorithms were evaluated relative to unsuppressed water with data from a phantom, six volunteers and 55 patients with brain tumors. Comparison metrics were signal-to-noise ratio, coefficient of variance and percent signal increase. Where residual water was present, using it as a reference peak for phasing and weighting factors from an imaging calibration scan gave the best overall performance. Greater improvement was seen for large selected volumes (>720 cm3 ) and for the 32-channel array (25%) compared with the 8-channel array (19%). Applying voxel-by-voxel phase corrections produced a larger increase in performance for the 32- versus 8-channel coil. We conclude that, for clinically relevant 3D H-1 PRESS localized EPSI studies, the most robust technique employed individual phase maps generated from high residual water and individual amplitude maps generated from calibration scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vareth
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Janine Lupo
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder Larson
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah Nelson
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Pouwels PJW, van de Lagemaat M, van de Pol LA, Witjes BCM, Zonnenberg IA. Spectroscopic detection of brain propylene glycol in neonates: Effects of different pharmaceutical formulations of phenobarbital. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:1062-1068. [PMID: 30350475 PMCID: PMC6587756 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first choice for treatment of neonatal convulsions is intravenous phenobarbital, which contains propylene glycol (PG) as a solvent. Although PG is generally considered safe, the dosage can exceed safety thresholds in neonates. High PG levels can cause lactic acidosis. Purpose/Hypothesis To investigate a relationship between brain PG concentration and medication administered to neonates, and to study if a correlation between spectroscopically detected PG and lactate was present. Study Type Retrospective. Population Forty‐one neonates who underwent MRI/MRS. Field Strength/Sequence Short echo time single voxel MRS at 1.5T. Assessment Spectra were quantified. Concentrations of PG were correlated with medication administered, because intravenously administered phenobarbital solutions contained 10, 25, or 50 mg phenobarbital per ml, all containing 350 mg PG per ml. The interval between medication and MRI/MRS was determined. Statistical Tests Chi‐square test, Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Spearman correlation. Results Eighteen neonates had brain PG >1 mM (median 3.4 mM, maximum 9.5 mM). All 18 neonates with high brain PG and 14 neonates with low brain PG (<1 mM) received phenobarbital as the only source of PG. Nine neonates did not receive any phenobarbital/PG‐containing medication. Neonates with high brain PG more often received 10 mg/ml phenobarbital, resulting in higher PG dose (high vs. low brain PG (median [interquartile range]: 1400 [595] vs. 350 [595] mg/kg, respectively, P < 0.01). In addition, the interval between the last phenobarbital dose and MRI was shorter in the high brain PG group (high vs. low brain PG: 16 [21] vs. 95 [83] hours, respectively, P < 0.001). Within neonates that received phenobarbital, there was no conclusive correlation between spectroscopically detected PG and lactate (Spearman's rho = 0.23, P = 0.10). Data Conclusion These MRS findings may increase awareness of potentially toxic PG concentrations in the neonatal brain due to intravenous phenobarbital administration and its dependence on the phenobarbital formulation used. Level of Evidence: 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1062–1068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra J W Pouwels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monique van de Lagemaat
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A van de Pol
- Department of Child Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bregje C M Witjes
- Department of Pharmacy, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge A Zonnenberg
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Zoelch N, Hock A, Henning A. Quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T based on the principle of reciprocity. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3875. [PMID: 29465821 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals using the phantom replacement method requires an adequate correction of differences between the acquisition of the reference signal in the phantom and the measurement in vivo. Applying the principle of reciprocity, sensitivity differences can be corrected at low field strength by measuring the RF transmitter gain needed to obtain a certain flip angle in the measured volume. However, at higher field strength the transmit sensitivity may vary from the reception sensitivity, which leads to wrongly estimated concentrations. To address this issue, a quantification approach based on the principle of reciprocity for use at 3T is proposed and validated thoroughly. In this approach, the RF transmitter gain is determined automatically using a volume-selective power optimization and complemented with information from relative reception sensitivity maps derived from contrast-minimized images to correct differences in transmission and reception sensitivity. In this way, a reliable measure of the local sensitivity was obtained. The proposed method is used to derive in vivo concentrations of brain metabolites and tissue water in two studies with different coil sets in a total of 40 healthy volunteers. Resulting molar concentrations are compared with results using internal water referencing (IWR) and Electric REference To access In vivo Concentrations (ERETIC). With the proposed method, changes in coil loading and regional sensitivity due to B1 inhomogeneities are successfully corrected, as demonstrated in phantom and in vivo measurements. For the tissue water content, coefficients of variation between 2% and 3.5% were obtained (0.6-1.4% in a single subject). The coefficients of variation of the three major metabolites ranged from 3.4-14.5%. In general, the derived concentrations agree well with values estimated with IWR. Hence, the presented method is a valuable alternative for IWR, without the need for additional hardware such as ERETIC and with potential advantages in diseased tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklaus Zoelch
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Hospital of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hock
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Hospital of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Germany
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22
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van Rappard DF, Klauser A, Steenweg ME, Boelens JJ, Bugiani M, van der Knaap MS, Wolf NI, Pouwels PJW. Quantitative MR spectroscopic imaging in metachromatic leukodystrophy: value for prognosis and treatment. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:105-111. [PMID: 28889092 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-316364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging is useful in predicting clinical course of patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), an inherited white matter disorder treatable with haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). METHODS 21 patients with juvenile or adult MLD (12 HCT-treated) were compared with 16 controls in the same age range. Clinical outcome was determined as good, moderate or poor. Metabolites were quantified in white matter, and significance of metabolite concentrations at baseline for outcome prediction was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Evolution of metabolic changes was assessed for patients with follow-up examinations. RESULTS In this retrospective study, 16 patients with baseline scans were included, 5 with good, 3 with moderate and 8 with poor outcome, and 16 controls. We observed significant group differences for all metabolite concentrations in white matter (p<0.001). Compared with controls, patients had decreased N-acetylaspartate and glutamate, and increased myo-inositol and lactate, most pronounced in patients with poor outcome (post hoc, all p<0.05). Logistic regression showed complete separation of data. Creatine could distinguish poor from moderate and good outcome, the sum of glutamate and glutamine could distinguish good from moderate and poor outcome, and N-acetylaspartate could distinguish all outcome groups. For 13 patients (8 with baseline scans), one or more follow-up examinations were evaluated, revealing stabilisation or even partial normalisation of metabolites in patients with moderate and good outcome, clearly visible in the ratio of choline/N-acetylaspartate. CONCLUSION In MLD, quantitative spectroscopic imaging at baseline is predictive for outcome and aids in determining eligibility for HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane F van Rappard
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Childhood White Matter Disorders, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Klauser
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marjan E Steenweg
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Childhood White Matter Disorders, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Boelens
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Bugiani
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Childhood White Matter Disorders, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Center for Childhood White Matter Disorders, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjo S van der Knaap
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Childhood White Matter Disorders, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole I Wolf
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Childhood White Matter Disorders, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J W Pouwels
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Bültmann E, Nägele T, Lanfermann H, Klose U. Changes of brain metabolite concentrations during maturation in different brain regions measured by chemical shift imaging. Neuroradiology 2016; 59:31-41. [PMID: 27889838 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-016-1763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the effect of maturation on the regional distribution of brain metabolite concentrations using multivoxel chemical shift imaging. METHODS From our pool of pediatric MRI examinations, we retrospectively selected patients showing a normal cerebral MRI scan or no pathologic signal abnormalities at the level of the two-dimensional 1H MRS-CSI sequence and an age-appropriate global neurological development, except for focal neurological deficits. Seventy-one patients (4.5 months-20 years) were identified. Using LC Model, spectra were evaluated from voxels in the white matter, caudate head, and corpus callosum. RESULTS The concentration of total N-acetylaspartate increased in all regions during infancy and childhood except in the right caudate head where it remained constant. The concentration of total creatine decreased in the caudate nucleus and splenium and minimally in the frontal white matter and genu. It remained largely constant in the parietal white matter. The concentration of choline-containing compounds had the tendency to decrease in all regions except in the parietal white matter where it remained constant. The concentration of myoinositol decreased slightly in the splenium and right frontal white matter, remained constant on the left side and in the caudate nucleus, and rose slightly in the parietal white matter and genu. CONCLUSION CSI determined metabolite concentrations in multiple cerebral regions during routine MRI. The obtained data will be helpful in future pediatric CSI measurements deciding whether the ratios of the main metabolites are within the range of normal values or have to be considered as probably pathologic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bültmann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Thomas Nägele
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Radiological University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lanfermann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Klose
- Section of Experimental MR of the CNS, Department of Neuroradiology, Radiological University Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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24
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Wu M, Fang L, Ray CE, Kumar A, Yang S. Adaptively Optimized Combination (AOC) of Phased-Array MR Spectroscopy Data in the Presence of Correlated Noise: Compared with Noise-Decorrelated or Whitened Methods. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:848-859. [PMID: 27873353 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A method for adaptively optimized combination (AOC) of MR spectroscopic data from a coil array was recently introduced. The superior performance of the AOC method is evident when compared with the methods that assume uncorrelated noise between coil elements. However, it is unclear whether the AOC method represents the most optimal combination in the presence of correlated noise, when compared with the noise-decorrelated or whitened methods that specifically tackle the correlated noise between coil elements. METHODS A new, unified theoretical framework was developed to illustrate the relationship between the AOC method and three noise-decorrelated or whitened methods, namely, noise-decorrelated combination (nd-comb), whitened singular value decomposition (WSVD), and improved WSVD (WSVD+Apod). Simulation-based comparisons and in vivo human brain experiments on a 3 Tesla (T) MRI scanner were performed using an 8-channel phased-array head coil. RESULTS Compared with the noise-decorrelated or whitened methods, the AOC method consistently yielded the best combination in terms of the robustness against noise and maintaining the combined spectrum from distortion, and the superior performance was most evident at a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). CONCLUSION The AOC method represents the theoretical optimal combination in the presence of correlated noise between coil elements, whereas the three noise-decorrelated or whitened methods are asymptotically optimal. Magn Reson Med 78:848-859, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Charles E Ray
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shaolin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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25
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Hock A, Wilm B, Zandomeneghi G, Ampanozi G, Franckenberg S, Zoelch N, Wyss PO, De Zanche N, Nordmeyer-Maßner J, Kraemer T, Thali M, Ernst M, Kollias S, Henning A. Neurochemical profile of the human cervical spinal cord determined by MRS. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1464-1476. [PMID: 27580498 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MRS enables insight into the chemical composition of central nervous system tissue. However, technical challenges degrade the data quality when applied to the human spinal cord. Therefore, to date detection of only the most prominent metabolite resonances has been reported in the healthy human spinal cord. The aim of this investigation is to provide an extended metabolic profile including neurotransmitters and antioxidants in addition to metabolites involved in the energy and membrane metabolism of the human cervical spinal cord in vivo. To achieve this, data quality was improved by using a custom-made, cervical detector array together with constructive averaging of a high number of echo signals, which is enabled by the metabolite cycling technique at 3T. In addition, the improved spinal cord spectra were extensively cross-validated, in vivo, post-mortem in situ and ex vivo. Reliable identification of up to nine metabolites was achieved in group analyses for the first time. Distinct features of the spinal cord neurochemical profile, in comparison with the brain neurotransmission system, include decreased concentrations of the sum of glutamate and glutamate and increased concentrations of aspartate, γ-amino-butyric acid, scyllo-inositol and the sum of myo-inositol and glycine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hock
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Hospital of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bertram Wilm
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Garyfalia Ampanozi
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Niklaus Zoelch
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Oliver Wyss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola De Zanche
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Kraemer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Thali
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Spyros Kollias
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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26
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Obert D, Helms G, Sättler MB, Jung K, Kretzschmar B, Bähr M, Dechent P, Diem R, Hein K. Brain Metabolite Changes in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Two-Year Follow-Up Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162583. [PMID: 27636543 PMCID: PMC5026363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides the unique ability to monitor several disease-related pathological processes via their characteristic metabolic markers in vivo. In the present study metabolic compositions were assessed every six months over the period of two years in 36 patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) including 21 relapsing-remitting (RR), 15 secondary progressive (SP) patients and 12 normal subjects. The concentrations of the main MRS-detectable metabolites N-acetylaspartate and N-acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (tCr), choline containing compounds (Cho), myo-Inositol (Ins), glutamine and glutamate (Glx) and their ratios were calculated in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and in selected non-enhancing white matter (WM) lesions. Association between metabolic concentrations in the NAWM and disability were investigated. Concentration of tNAA, a marker for neuroaxonal integrity, did not show any difference between the investigated groups. However, the patients with SPMS showed significant reduction of tNAA in the NAWM over the investigation period of two years indicating diffuse neuroaxonal loss during the disease course. Furthermore, we found a significant increase of Ins, Ins/tCr and Ins/tNAA in WM lesions independently from the course of the disease suggesting ongoing astrogliosis in silent-appearing WM lesions. Analyzing correlations between MRS metabolites in the NAWM and patients clinical status we found the positive correlation of Ins/tNAA with disability in patients with RRMS. In SPMS positive correlation of Cho with disability was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Obert
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gunther Helms
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Muriel B. Sättler
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Jung
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kretzschmar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Hein
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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27
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Davis KA, Nanga RPR, Das S, Chen SH, Hadar PN, Pollard JR, Lucas TH, Shinohara RT, Litt B, Hariharan H, Elliott MA, Detre JA, Reddy R. Glutamate imaging (GluCEST) lateralizes epileptic foci in nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:309ra161. [PMID: 26468323 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When neuroimaging reveals a brain lesion, drug-resistant epilepsy patients show better outcomes after resective surgery than do the one-third of drug-resistant epilepsy patients who have normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We applied a glutamate imaging method, GluCEST (glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer), to patients with nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy based on conventional MRI. GluCEST correctly lateralized the temporal lobe seizure focus on visual and quantitative analyses in all patients. MR spectra, available for a subset of patients and controls, corroborated the GluCEST findings. Hippocampal volumes were not significantly different between hemispheres. GluCEST allowed high-resolution functional imaging of brain glutamate and has potential to identify the epileptic focus in patients previously deemed nonlesional. This method may lead to improved clinical outcomes for temporal lobe epilepsy as well as other localization-related epilepsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Adamiak Davis
- Penn Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Prakash Reddy Nanga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandhitsu Das
- Penn Image Computing & Science Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie H Chen
- Penn Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter N Hadar
- Penn Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John R Pollard
- Penn Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Timothy H Lucas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brian Litt
- Penn Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hari Hariharan
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A Elliott
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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28
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Singh N, Sharpley AL, Emir UE, Masaki C, Herzallah MM, Gluck MA, Sharp T, Harmer CJ, Vasudevan SR, Cowen PJ, Churchill GC. Effect of the Putative Lithium Mimetic Ebselen on Brain Myo-Inositol, Sleep, and Emotional Processing in Humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1768-78. [PMID: 26593266 PMCID: PMC4770517 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lithium remains the gold standard in treating bipolar disorder but has unwanted toxicity and side effects. We previously reported that ebselen inhibits inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) and exhibits lithium-like effects in animal models through lowering of inositol. Ebselen has been tested in clinical trials for other disorders, enabling us to determine for the first time the effect of a blood-brain barrier-penetrant IMPase inhibitor on human central nervous system (CNS) function. We now report that in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with healthy participants, acute oral ebselen reduced brain myo-inositol in the anterior cingulate cortex, consistent with CNS target engagement. Ebselen decreased slow-wave sleep and affected emotional processing by increasing recognition of some emotions, decreasing latency time in the acoustic startle paradigm, and decreasing the reinforcement of rewarding stimuli. In summary, ebselen affects the phosphoinositide cycle and has CNS effects on surrogate markers that may be relevant to the treatment of bipolar disorder that can be tested in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann L Sharpley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Uzay E Emir
- The Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Masaki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Mohammad M Herzallah
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA,Palestinian Neuroscience Initiative, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Abu Dis, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mark A Gluck
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Philip J Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Grant C Churchill
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK, Tel: +44 (0)1865 271 635, Fax: +44 (0)1865 271 853, E-mail:
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29
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Birch R, Peet AC, Dehghani H, Wilson M. Influence of macromolecule baseline on 1 H MR spectroscopic imaging reproducibility. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:34-43. [PMID: 26800478 PMCID: PMC5215417 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Poorly characterized macromolecular (MM) and baseline artefacts are known to reduce metabolite quantitation accuracy in 1H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Increasing echo time (TE) and improvements in MM analysis schemes have both been proposed as strategies to improve metabolite measurement reliability. In this study, the influence of TE and two MM analysis schemes on MRSI reproducibility are investigated. Methods An experimentally acquired baseline was collected using an inversion recovery sequence (TI = 750 ms) and incorporated into the analysis method. Intrasubject reproducibility of MRSI scans, acquired at 3 Tesla, was assessed using metabolite coefficients of variance (COVs) for both experimentally acquired and simulated MM analysis schemes. In addition, the reproducibility of TE = 35 ms, 80 ms, and 144 ms was evaluated. Results TE = 80 ms was the most reproducible for singlet metabolites with COVs < 6% for total N‐acetyl‐aspartate, total creatine, and total choline; however, moderate multiplet dephasing was observed. Analysis incorporating the experimental baseline achieved higher Glu and Glx reproducibility at TE = 35 ms, and showed improvements over the simulated baseline, with higher efficacy for poorer data. Conclusion Overall, TE = 80 ms yielded the most reproducible singlet metabolite estimates. However, combined use of a short TE sequence and the experimental baseline may be preferred as a compromise between accuracy, multiplet dephasing, and T2 bias on metabolite estimates. Magn Reson Med 77:34–43, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Birch
- PSIBS Doctoral Training Centre, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Department of Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Kingdom
| | - Martin Wilson
- Birmingham University Imaging Centre (BUIC), School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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30
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Abdoli A, Maudsley AA. Phased-array combination for MR spectroscopic imaging using a water reference. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:733-41. [PMID: 26413752 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate methods for multichannel combination of three-dimensional MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data with a focus on using information from a water-reference spectroscopic image. METHODS Volumetric MRSI data were acquired for a phantom and for human brain using 8- and 32-channel detection. Acquisition included a water-reference dataset that was used to determine the weights for several multichannel combination methods. Results were compared using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the N-acetylaspartate resonance. RESULTS Performance of all methods was very similar for the phantom study, with the whitened singular value decomposition (WSVD) and signal magnitude (S) weighting combination having a small advantage. For in vivo studies, the S weighting, SNR weighting and signal to noise squared (S/N(2) ) weighting were the three best methods and performed similarly. Example spectra and SNR maps indicated that the SVD and WSVD methods tend to fail for voxels at the outer edges of the brain that include strong lipid signal contributions. CONCLUSION For data combination of MRSI data using water-reference information, the S/N(2) weighting, SNR and S weighting were the best methods in terms of spectral quality SNR. These methods are also computationally efficient and easy to implement. Magn Reson Med 76:733-741, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abas Abdoli
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew A Maudsley
- Department of Radiology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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31
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Fang L, Wu M, Ke H, Kumar A, Yang S. Adaptively optimized combination (AOC) of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data from phased array coils. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:2235-44. [PMID: 26190475 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MR spectroscopy (MRS) can benefit from multi-element coil arrays with enhanced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, how to combine the MRS data in an optimized way from a multi-element coil array has been studied much less than MRI. A recently published method and routine combination methods have detrimental effects on SNR. We present herein a new method for optimal combination of multi-coil MRS data. METHODS Based on an analytical solution for maximizing the SNR of the combined spectrum, a new method called "adaptively optimized combination (AOC)" of MRS data from phased array coils was developed in which the inversion of the full noise correlation matrix was incorporated into the coil weighting coefficients. Simulations were carried out to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed AOC method in various noise scenarios. Validation experiments on human subjects were performed with different voxel locations and sizes on a 3T MRI scanner using an eight-element phased array head coil. RESULTS Compared with a recently published method (i.e., weighting with the ratio of signal to the square of noise) and routine methods, our proposed AOC method adaptively and robustly produced significant SNR improvement in the combined spectra. CONCLUSION The simulation and human experiments demonstrate that the proposed AOC method represents the theoretical optimal combination of MR spectroscopic data from multi-element coil arrays. Magn Reson Med 75:2235-2244, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hengyu Ke
- School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shaolin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Coullon GSL, Emir UE, Fine I, Watkins KE, Bridge H. Neurochemical changes in the pericalcarine cortex in congenital blindness attributable to bilateral anophthalmia. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:1725-33. [PMID: 26180125 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00567.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital blindness leads to large-scale functional and structural reorganization in the occipital cortex, but relatively little is known about the neurochemical changes underlying this cross-modal plasticity. To investigate the effect of complete and early visual deafferentation on the concentration of metabolites in the pericalcarine cortex, (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed in 14 sighted subjects and 5 subjects with bilateral anophthalmia, a condition in which both eyes fail to develop. In the pericalcarine cortex, where primary visual cortex is normally located, the proportion of gray matter was significantly greater, and levels of choline, glutamate, glutamine, myo-inositol, and total creatine were elevated in anophthalmic relative to sighted subjects. Anophthalmia had no effect on the structure or neurochemistry of a sensorimotor cortex control region. More gray matter, combined with high levels of choline and myo-inositol, resembles the profile of the cortex at birth and suggests that the lack of visual input from the eyes might have delayed or arrested the maturation of this cortical region. High levels of choline and glutamate/glutamine are consistent with enhanced excitatory circuits in the anophthalmic occipital cortex, which could reflect a shift toward enhanced plasticity or sensitivity that could in turn mediate or unmask cross-modal responses. Finally, it is possible that the change in function of the occipital cortex results in biochemical profiles that resemble those of auditory, language, or somatosensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle S L Coullon
- Functional MRI of the Brain Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uzay E Emir
- Functional MRI of the Brain Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ione Fine
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kate E Watkins
- Functional MRI of the Brain Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Bridge
- Functional MRI of the Brain Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom;
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Bednařík P, Moheet A, Deelchand DK, Emir UE, Eberly LE, Bareš M, Seaquist ER, Öz G. Feasibility and reproducibility of neurochemical profile quantification in the human hippocampus at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:685-93. [PMID: 25904240 PMCID: PMC4454404 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal dysfunction is known to be associated with several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia and depression; therefore, there has been significant clinical interest in studying hippocampal neurochemistry. However, the hippocampus is a challenging region to study using (1) H MRS, hence the use of MRS for clinical research in this region has been limited. Our goal was therefore to investigate the feasibility of obtaining high-quality hippocampal spectra that allow reliable quantification of a neurochemical profile and to establish inter-session reproducibility of hippocampal MRS, including reproducibility of voxel placement, spectral quality and neurochemical concentrations. Ten healthy volunteers were scanned in two consecutive sessions using a standard clinical 3 T MR scanner. Neurochemical profiles were obtained with a short-echo (T(E) = 28 ms) semi-LASER localization sequence from a relatively small (~4 mL) voxel that covered about 62% of the hippocampal volume as calculated from segmentation of T1 -weighted images. Voxel composition was highly reproducible between sessions, with test-retest coefficients of variation (CVs) of 3.5% and 7.5% for gray and white matter volume fraction, respectively. Excellent signal-to-noise ratio (~54 based on the N-acetylaspartate (NAA) methyl peak in non-apodized spectra) and linewidths (~9 Hz for water) were achieved reproducibly in all subjects. The spectral quality allowed quantification of NAA, total choline, total creatine, myo-inositol and glutamate with high scan-rescan reproducibility (CV ≤ 6%) and quantification precision (Cramér-Rao lower bound, CRLB < 9%). Four other metabolites, including glutathione and glucose, were quantified with scan-rescan CV below 20%. Therefore, the highly optimized, short-echo semi-LASER sequence together with FASTMAP shimming substantially improved the reproducibility and number of quantifiable metabolites relative to prior reports. In addition, the between-session variation in metabolite concentrations, as well as CRLB, was lower than the between-subject variation of the concentrations for most metabolites, indicating that the method has the sensitivity to detect inter-individual differences in the healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Bednařík
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amir Moheet
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dinesh K. Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Uzay E. Emir
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Lynn E. Eberly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Martin Bareš
- Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Brno, Czech Republic
- First Department of Neurology, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth R. Seaquist
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Dong Z. Proton MRS and MRSI of the brain without water suppression. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 86-87:65-79. [PMID: 25919199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water suppression (WS) techniques have played a vital role in the commencement and development of in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS, including spectroscopic imaging - MRSI). WS not only made in vivo proton MRS functionally available but also made its applications conveniently accessible, and it has become an indispensable tool in most of the routine applications of in vivo proton MR spectroscopy. On the other hand, WS brought forth some challenges. Therefore, various techniques of proton MRS without WS have been developed since the pioneering work in the late 1990s. After more than one and a half decades of advances in both hardware and software, non-water-suppressed proton MRS is coming to the stage of maturity and seeing increasing application in biomedical research and clinical diagnosis. In this article, we will review progress in the technical development and applications of proton MRS without WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengchao Dong
- Division of Translational Imaging and MRI Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA; Division of Translational Imaging and MRI Unit, New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA.
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Ganji SK, Maher EA, Choi C. In vivo (1)H MRSI of glycine in brain tumors at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:52-62. [PMID: 25651788 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MR spectroscopic imaging (SI) of glycine (Gly) in the human brain is challenging due to the interference of the abundant neighboring J-coupled resonances. Our aim is to accomplish reliable imaging of Gly in healthy brain and brain tumors using an optimized MR sequence scheme at 3 tesla. METHODS Two-dimensional (1)H SI was performed with a point-resolved spectroscopy scheme. An echo time of 160 ms was used for separation between Gly and myo-inositol signals. Data were collected from eight healthy volunteers and 14 subjects with gliomas. Spectra were analyzed with the linear combination model using numerically calculated basis spectra. Metabolite concentrations were estimated with reference to creatine in white matter (WM) regions at 6.4 molar concentrations (mM). RESULTS From a linear regression analysis with respect to the fractional gray matter (GM) content, the Gly concentrations in pure GM and WM in healthy brains were estimated to be 1.1 and 0.3 mM, respectively. Gly was significantly elevated in tumors. The tumor-to-contralateral Gly concentration ratio was more extensive with higher grades, showing ∼ 10-fold elevation of Gly in glioblastomas. CONCLUSION The Gly level is significantly different between GM and WM in healthy brains. Our data indicate that SI of Gly may provide a biomarker of brain tumor malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K Ganji
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Maher
- Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Annette Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Changho Choi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Birch R, Peet AC, Arvanitis TN, Wilson M. Sensitivity encoding for fast (1) H MR spectroscopic imaging water reference acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:2081-6. [PMID: 25046769 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate and fast (1) H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) water reference scans are important for absolute quantification of metabolites. However, the additional acquisition time required often precludes the water reference quantitation method for MRSI studies. Sensitivity encoding (SENSE) is a successful MR technique developed to reduce scan time. This study quantitatively assesses the accuracy of SENSE for water reference MRSI data acquisition, compared with the more commonly used reduced resolution technique. METHODS 2D MRSI water reference data were collected from a phantom and three volunteers at 3 Tesla for full acquisition (306 s); 2× reduced resolution (64 s) and SENSE R = 3 (56 s) scans. Water amplitudes were extracted using MRS quantitation software (TARQUIN). Intensity maps and Bland-Altman statistics were generated to assess the accuracy of the fast-MRSI techniques. RESULTS The average mean and standard deviation of differences from the full acquisition were 2.1 ± 3.2% for SENSE and 10.3 ± 10.7% for the reduced resolution technique, demonstrating that SENSE acquisition is approximately three times more accurate than the reduced resolution technique. CONCLUSION SENSE was shown to accurately reconstruct water reference data for the purposes of in vivo absolute metabolite quantification, offering significant improvement over the more commonly used reduced resolution technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Birch
- PSIBS Doctoral Training Centre, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Department of Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Peet
- Department of Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Theodoros N Arvanitis
- Department of Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wilson
- Department of Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Deelchand DK, Adanyeguh IM, Emir UE, Nguyen TM, Valabregue R, Henry PG, Mochel F, Öz G. Two-site reproducibility of cerebellar and brainstem neurochemical profiles with short-echo, single-voxel MRS at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:1718-25. [PMID: 24948590 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether neurochemical concentrations obtained at two MRI sites using clinical 3T scanners can be pooled when a highly optimized, nonvendor short-echo, single-voxel proton MRS pulse sequence is used in conjunction with identical calibration and quantification procedures. METHODS A modified semi-LASER sequence (TE = 28 ms) was used to acquire spectra from two brain regions (cerebellar vermis and pons) on two Siemens 3T scanners using the same B0 and B1 calibration protocols from two different cohorts of healthy volunteers (N = 24-33 per site) matched for age and body mass index. Spectra were quantified with LCModel using water scaling. RESULTS The spectral quality was very consistent between the two sites and allowed reliable quantification of at least 13 metabolites in the vermis and pons compared with 3-5 metabolites in prior multisite magnetic resonance spectroscopy trials using vendor-provided sequences. The neurochemical profiles were nearly identical at the two sites and showed the feasibility to detect interindividual differences in the healthy brain. CONCLUSION Highly reproducible neurochemical profiles can be obtained on different clinical 3T scanners at different sites, provided that the same, optimized acquisition and analysis techniques are used. This will allow pooling of multisite data in clinical studies, which is particularly critical for rare neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Wang X, Salibi N, Fayad LM, Barker PB. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of skeletal muscle: a comparison of two quantitation techniques. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2014; 243:81-4. [PMID: 24792959 PMCID: PMC4050659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop and compare two methods for quantification of metabolite concentrations in human skeletal muscle using phased-array receiver coils at 3T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water suppressed and un-suppressed spectra were recorded from the quadriceps muscle (vastus medialis) in 8 healthy adult volunteers, and from a calibration phantom containing 69mM/L N-acetyl aspartate. Using the phantom replacement technique, trimethylamine specifically [TMA] and creatine [Cr] concentrations were estimated, and compared to those values obtained by using the water reference method. RESULTS Quadriceps [TMA] concentrations were 9.5±2.4 and 9.6±4.1mmol/kg wet weight using the phantom replacement and water referencing methods respectively, while [Cr] concentrations were 26.8±12.2 and 24.1±5.3mmol/kg wet weight respectively. CONCLUSIONS Reasonable agreement between water referencing and phantom replacement methods was found, although for [Cr] variation was significantly higher for the phantom replacement technique. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, United States.
| | - Nouha Salibi
- Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, PA 19355, United States
| | - Laura M Fayad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Tsai SY, Wang WC, Lin YR. Comparison of sagittal and transverse echo planar spectroscopic imaging on the quantification of brain metabolites. J Neuroimaging 2014; 25:167-174. [PMID: 24593139 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We quantitatively compared sagittal and transverse echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) on the quantification of metabolite concentrations with consideration of tissue variation. A quantification strategy is proposed to collect the necessary information for quantification of concentrations in a minimized acquisition time. METHODS Six transverse and six sagittal EPSI data were collected on healthy volunteers. Metabolite concentrations of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), total creatine (tCr), total choline (tCho), myo-inositol (mI), and glutamate and glutamine complex (Glx) were quantified using water scaling with partial volume and relaxation correction. Linear regression analysis was performed to extract concentrations in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). The inter- and intrasubject coefficients of variance (CV) were estimated. RESULTS Concentrations and fitting errors of sagittal and transverse EPSI were at same level. GM to WM contrast of concentrations was found in NAA, tCr, and tCho. The intersubject CVs revealed greater variability in the sagittal EPSI than in the transverse EPSI. The intrasubject CVs of the transverse EPSI were below 5% for NAA, tCr, and tCho. CONCLUSION We showed that quantified concentrations of sagittal and transverse EPSI after partial volume correction are comparable and reproducible. The proposed quantification strategy can be conveniently adapted into various MRI protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yueh Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mind, Brain and Learning Center, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woan-Chyi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wiebenga OT, Klauser AM, Nagtegaal GJA, Schoonheim MM, Barkhof F, Geurts JJG, Pouwels PJW. Longitudinal absolute metabolite quantification of white and gray matter regions in healthy controls using proton MR spectroscopic imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:304-11. [PMID: 24399803 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate quality parameters, metabolite concentrations and concentration ratios, and to investigate the reproducibility of quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((1)H-MRSI) of selected white and gray matter regions of healthy adults. 2D-quantitative short-TE (1)H-MRSI spectra were obtained at 1.5T from the healthy human brain. Subjects (n = 12) were scanned twice with an interval of six months. Absolute metabolite concentrations were obtained based on coil loading, taking into account differences in sensitivity of the phased-array head coil. Spectral quality parameters, absolute metabolite concentrations, concentration ratios, and their reproducibility were determined and compared between time-points using a repeated measures general linear model. The quality of the spectra of selected brain areas was good, as determined by a mean spectral linewidth between 4.8 and 7.3 Hz (depending on the region). No significant differences between the two time-points were observed for spectral quality, concentrations, or concentration ratios. The mean intrasubject coefficient of variation (CoV) varied between 4.0 and 8.5% for total N-acetylaspartate, 7.2 and 10.8% for total creatine, 5.9 and 9.8% for myo-inositol, and 8.0 and 13.3% for choline, and remained below 20% for glutamate. CoV was generally lower when concentration ratios were considered. The study shows that longitudinal quantitative short-TE (1)H-MRSI generates reproducible absolute metabolite concentrations in healthy human white and gray matter. This may serve as a background for longitudinal clinical studies in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Wiebenga
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam and VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies at 3 T: feasibility and first results. Invest Radiol 2014; 48:509-16. [PMID: 23563194 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3182823562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and potential use of quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for determining metabolite concentrations in patients with suspected inflammatory myopathies. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant prospective study, 35 patients with a suspected inflammatory myopathy and 6 age-matched healthy volunteers underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (T1-weighted and short tau inversion recovery [STIR] sequences) and single-voxel MRS (point-resolved spectroscopy; repetition time/echo time, 2000/135 milliseconds; voxel size, 2.0 × 2.0 × 4.0 cm) at 3 T. The voxel was placed in a thigh muscle and targeted to one with abnormal STIR signal when possible. Absolute trimethylamine, creatine (Cr), and bulk lipid concentrations in each voxel were determined using the phantom replacement method. The MRS results of patients and healthy subjects were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with an active idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). In 20 of these patients, MRI showed increased intramuscular STIR signal; however, the muscle where the voxel was placed was normal in 9 patients. Patients with an IIM demonstrated higher mean intramuscular Cr concentration compared with controls (62.1 vs 35.3 IU; P = 0.01), but there were no differences in the mean trimethylamine or lipid concentrations. In IIM patients with no intravoxel signal abnormality (9/21), the mean Cr concentration was still higher than that in healthy subjects (63.2 vs 35.3 IU; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative 3-T MRS is feasible and may supplement the role of conventional MRI in the evaluation of patients with inflammatory myopathies, especially where MRI shows no obvious muscle abnormalities.
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Strasser B, Chmelik M, Robinson SD, Hangel G, Gruber S, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Coil combination of multichannel MRSI data at 7 T: MUSICAL. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1796-805. [PMID: 24038331 PMCID: PMC3912904 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate a new method of combining multi-channel (1)H MRSI data by direct use of a matching imaging scan as a reference, rather than computing sensitivity maps. Seven healthy volunteers were measured on a 7-T MR scanner using a head coil with a 32-channel array coil for receive-only and a volume coil for receive/transmit. The accuracy of prediction of the phase of the (1)H MRSI data with a fast imaging pre-scan was investigated with the volume coil. The array coil (1)H MRSI data were combined using matching imaging data as coil combination weights. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), spectral quality, metabolic map quality and Cramér-Rao lower bounds were then compared with the data obtained by two standard methods, i.e. using sensitivity maps and the first free induction decay (FID) data point. Additional noise decorrelation was performed to further optimize the SNR gain. The new combination method improved significantly the SNR (+29%), overall spectral quality and visual appearance of metabolic maps, and lowered the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (-34%), compared with the combination method based on the first FID data point. The results were similar to those obtained by the combination method using sensitivity maps, but the new method increased the SNR slightly (+1.7%), decreased the algorithm complexity, required no reference coil and pre-phased all spectra correctly prior to spectral processing. Noise decorrelation further increased the SNR by 13%. The proposed method is a fast, robust and simple way to improve the coil combination in (1)H MRSI of the human brain at 7 T, and could be extended to other (1)H MRSI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Strasser
- MR Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - M Chmelik
- MR Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - S D Robinson
- MR Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - G Hangel
- MR Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - S Gruber
- MR Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - S Trattnig
- MR Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- *Correspondence to: S. Trattnig, MR Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria., E-mail:
| | - W Bogner
- MR Center of Excellence, Department of Radiology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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Fayad LM, Wang X, Blakeley JO, Durand DJ, Jacobs MA, Demehri S, Subhawong TK, Soldatos T, Barker PB. Characterization of peripheral nerve sheath tumors with 3T proton MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:1035-41. [PMID: 24287094 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The characterization of peripheral nerve sheath tumors is challenging. The purpose here was to investigate the diagnostic value of quantitative proton MR spectroscopy at 3T for the characterization of peripheral nerve sheath tumors as benign or malignant, compared with PET. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty participants with 24 peripheral nerve sheath tumors underwent MR spectroscopy by use of a point-resolved sequence (TE, 135 ms). Six voxels were placed in 4 histologically proven malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors and 22 voxels in 20 benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (9 histologically proven, 11 with documented stability). The presence or absence of a trimethylamine signal was evaluated, the trimethylamine concentration estimated by use of phantom replacement methodology, and the trimethylamine fraction relative to Cr measured. MR spectroscopy results for benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors were compared by use of a Mann-Whitney test, and concordance or discordance with PET findings was recorded. RESULTS In all malignant tumors and in 9 of 18 benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, a trimethylamine peak was detected, offering the presence of trimethylamine as a sensitive (100%), but not specific (50%), marker of malignant disease. Trimethylamine concentrations (2.2 ± 2.8 vs 6.6 ± 5.8 institutional units; P < .049) and the trimethylamine fraction (27 ± 42 vs 88 ± 22%; P < .012) were lower in benign than malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. A trimethylamine fraction threshold of 50% resulted in 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 58.0%-100%) and 72.2% (95% CI, 59.5%-75%) specificity for distinguishing benign from malignant disease. MR spectroscopy and PET results were concordant in 12 of 16 cases, (2 false-positive results for MR spectroscopy and PET each). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative measurement of trimethylamine concentration by use of MR spectroscopy is feasible in peripheral nerve sheath tumors and shows promise as a method for the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. Trimethylamine presence within a peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a sensitive marker of malignant disease, but quantitative measurement of trimethylamine content is required to improve specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Fayad
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)Orthopedic Surgery (L.M.F.)Oncology (L.M.F., M.A.J.), The Johns Hopkins Hospital Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Center
| | - X Wang
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)
| | - J O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology (J.O.B.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - D J Durand
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)
| | - M A Jacobs
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)Oncology (L.M.F., M.A.J.), The Johns Hopkins Hospital Comprehensive Neurofibromatosis Center
| | - S Demehri
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)
| | - T K Subhawong
- Department of Radiology (T.K.S.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - T Soldatos
- Research Unit of Radiology and Medical Imaging (T.S.), National and Capodestrian University of Athens, Evgenidion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - P B Barker
- From The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (L.M.F., X.W., D.J.D., S.D., M.A.J., P.B.B.)
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Dreha-Kulaczewski S, Kalscheuer V, Tzschach A, Hu H, Helms G, Brockmann K, Weddige A, Dechent P, Schlüter G, Krätzner R, Ropers HH, Gärtner J, Zirn B. A Novel SLC6A8 Mutation in a Large Family with X-Linked Intellectual Disability: Clinical and Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Data of Both Hemizygous Males and Heterozygous Females. JIMD Rep 2013; 13:91-9. [PMID: 24190795 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2013_261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked creatine transport (CRTR) deficiency, caused by mutations in the SLC6A8 gene, leads to intellectual disability, speech delay, epilepsy, and autistic behavior in hemizygous males. Additional diagnostic features are depleted brain creatine levels and increased creatine/creatinine ratio (cr/crn) in urine. In heterozygous females the phenotype is highly variable and diagnostic hallmarks might be inconclusive. This survey aims to explore the intrafamilial variability of clinical and brain proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) findings in males and females with CRTR deficiency. X-chromosome exome sequencing identified a novel missense mutation in the SLC6A8 gene (p.G351R) in a large family with X-linked intellectual disability. Detailed clinical investigations including neuropsychological assessment, measurement of in vivo brain creatine concentrations using quantitative MRS, and analyses of creatine metabolites in urine were performed in five clinically affected family members including three heterozygous females and one hemizygous male confirming the diagnosis of CRTR deficiency. The severe phenotype of the hemizygous male was accompanied by most distinct aberrations of brain creatine concentrations (-83% in gray and -79% in white matter of age-matched normal controls) and urinary creatine/creatinine ratio. In contrast, the heterozygous females showed varying albeit generally milder phenotypes with less severe brain creatine (-50% to -33% in gray and -45% to none in white matter) and biochemical urine abnormalities. An intrafamilial correlation between female phenotype, brain creatine depletion, and urinary creatine abnormalities was observed. The combination of powerful new technologies like exome-next-generation sequencing with thorough systematic evaluation of patients will further expand the clinical spectrum of neurometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dreha-Kulaczewski
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,
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45
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1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in diffuse and focal cervical cord lesions in Multiple Sclerosis. Eur Radiol 2013; 23:3379-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-2942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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46
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Le Fur Y, Cozzone PJ. FID modulus: a simple and efficient technique to phase and align MR spectra. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 27:131-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-013-0381-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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An L, Willem van der Veen J, Li S, Thomasson DM, Shen J. Combination of multichannel single-voxel MRS signals using generalized least squares. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 37:1445-50. [PMID: 23172656 PMCID: PMC3582859 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose using the generalized least square (GLS) algorithm for combining multichannel single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Phantom and in vivo brain MRS experiments on a 7 T scanner equipped with a 32-channel receiver coil, as well as Monte Carlo simulations, were performed to compare the coefficient of variation (CV) of the GLS method with those of two recently reported spectral combination methods. RESULTS Compared to the two existing methods, the GLS method significantly reduced CV values for the simulation, phantom, and in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION The GLS method can lead to improved precision of peak quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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48
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Prescot AP, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA. γ-Amino butyric acid and glutamate abnormalities in adolescent chronic marijuana smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 129:232-9. [PMID: 23522493 PMCID: PMC4651432 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing body of evidence from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies suggests that exposure to marijuana throughout adolescence disrupts key cortical maturation processes occurring during this developmental phase. GABA-modulating pharmacologic treatments that elevate brain GABA concentration recently have been shown to decrease withdrawal symptoms and improve executive functioning in marijuana-dependent adult subjects. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the lower ACC glutamate previously reported in adolescent chronic marijuana smokers is associated with lower ACC GABA levels. METHODS Standard and metabolite-edited proton MRS data were acquired from adolescent marijuana users (N=13) and similarly aged non-using controls (N=16) using a clinical 3T MRI system. RESULTS The adolescent marijuana-using cohort showed significantly lower ACC GABA levels (-22%, p=0.03), which paralleled significantly lower ACC glutamate levels (-14%, p=0.01). Importantly, the lower ACC GABA and glutamate levels detected in the adolescent cohort remained significant after controlling for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS The present spectroscopic findings support functional neuroimaging data documenting cingulate dysfunction in marijuana-dependent adolescents. Glutamatergic and GABAergic abnormalities potentially underlie cingulate dysfunction in adolescent chronic marijuana users, and the opportunity for testing suitable pharmacologic treatments with a non-invasive pharmacodynamic evaluation exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Prescot
- Brain Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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49
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Kalyanam R, Boutte D, Gasparovic C, Hutchison KE, Calhoun VD. Group independent component analysis of MR spectra. Brain Behav 2013; 3:229-42. [PMID: 23785655 PMCID: PMC3683283 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of independent component analysis (ICA) to provide a data-driven approach for group level analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) spectra. ICA collectively analyzes data to identify maximally independent components, each of which captures covarying resonances, including those from different metabolic sources. A comparative evaluation of the ICA approach with the more established LCModel method in analyzing two different noise-free, artifact-free, simulated data sets of known compositions is presented. The results from such ideal simulations demonstrate the ability of data-driven ICA to decompose data and accurately extract components resembling modeled basis spectra from both data sets, whereas the LCModel results suffer when the underlying model deviates from assumptions, thus highlighting the sensitivity of model-based approaches to modeling inaccuracies. Analyses with simulated data show that independent component weights are good estimates of concentrations, even of metabolites with low intensity singlet peaks, such as scyllo-inositol. ICA is also applied to single voxel spectra from 193 subjects, without correcting for baseline variations, line-width broadening or noise. The results provide evidence that, despite the presence of confounding artifacts, ICA can be used to analyze in vivo spectra and extract resonances of interest. ICA is a promising technique for decomposing MR spectral data into components resembling metabolite resonances, and therefore has the potential to provide a data-driven alternative to the use of metabolite concentrations derived from curve-fitting individual spectra in making group comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kalyanam
- The Mind Research Network Albuquerque, New Mexico ; Department of ECE, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico
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50
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Hall EL, Stephenson MC, Price D, Morris PG. Methodology for improved detection of low concentration metabolites in MRS: optimised combination of signals from multi-element coil arrays. Neuroimage 2013; 86:35-42. [PMID: 23639258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
State of the art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are generally equipped with multi-element receive coils; 16 or 32 channel coils are common. Their development has been predominant for parallel imaging to enable faster scanning. Less consideration has been given to localized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Multinuclear studies, for example (31)P or (13)C MRS, are often conducted with a single element coil located over the region of interest. (1)H MRS studies have generally employed the same multi-element coils used for MRI, but little consideration has been given as to how the spectroscopic data from the different channels are combined. In many cases it is simply co-added with detrimental effect on the signal to noise ratio. In this study, we derive the optimum method for combining multi-coil data, namely weighting with the ratio of signal to the square of the noise. We show that provided that the noise is uncorrelated, this is the theoretical optimal combination. The method is demonstrated for in vivo proton MRS data acquired using a 32 channel receive coil at 7T in four different brain areas; left motor and right motor, occipital cortex and medial frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Hall
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Mary C Stephenson
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Darren Price
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter G Morris
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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