1
|
Muslu Y, Tamada D, Roberts NT, Cashen TA, Mandava S, Kecskemeti SR, Hernando D, Reeder SB. Free-breathing, fat-corrected T 1 mapping of the liver with stack-of-stars MRI, and joint estimation of T 1, PDFF, R 2 * , and B 1 + . Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:1913-1932. [PMID: 38923009 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative T1 mapping has the potential to replace biopsy for noninvasive diagnosis and quantitative staging of chronic liver disease. Conventional T1 mapping methods are confounded by fat andB 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ inhomogeneities, resulting in unreliable T1 estimations. Furthermore, these methods trade off spatial resolution and volumetric coverage for shorter acquisitions with only a few images obtained within a breath-hold. This work proposes a novel, volumetric (3D), free-breathing T1 mapping method to account for multiple confounding factors in a single acquisition. THEORY AND METHODS Free-breathing, confounder-corrected T1 mapping was achieved through the combination of non-Cartesian imaging, magnetization preparation, chemical shift encoding, and a variable flip angle acquisition. A subspace-constrained, locally low-rank image reconstruction algorithm was employed for image reconstruction. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated through numerical simulations and phantom experiments with a T1/proton density fat fraction phantom at 3.0 T. Further, the feasibility of the proposed method was investigated through contrast-enhanced imaging in healthy volunteers, also at 3.0 T. RESULTS The method showed excellent agreement with reference measurements in phantoms across a wide range of T1 values (200 to 1000 ms, slope = 0.998 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.963 to 1.035]), intercept = 27.1 ms (95% CI [0.4 54.6]), r2 = 0.996), and a high level of repeatability. In vivo imaging studies demonstrated moderate agreement (slope = 1.099 (95% CI [1.067 to 1.132]), intercept = -96.3 ms (95% CI [-82.1 to -110.5]), r2 = 0.981) compared to saturation recovery-based T1 maps. CONCLUSION The proposed method produces whole-liver, confounder-corrected T1 maps through simultaneous estimation of T1, proton density fat fraction, andB 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ in a single, free-breathing acquisition and has excellent agreement with reference measurements in phantoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Muslu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daiki Tamada
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen M, Cheng C, Peng H, Qi Y, Liu X, Cheng G, Zou C. Fatty Acids Composition of the Sacroiliac Joint in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Analysis Using 3.0 T Chemical Shift-Encoded MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 60:1027-1034. [PMID: 38050865 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a group of inflammatory diseases that may lead to ankylosis of the sacroiliac joint and spine. Fat lesion in the sacroiliac joint is an important feature in diagnosis and disease progression of axSpA. However, whether there is alteration of fatty acids (FAs) composition has not been investigated using MRI. PURPOSE To investigate bone marrow FA composition of the sacroiliac joint in patients with axSpA compared to controls. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Eighty five participants (mean age, 32.3 ± 6.1 years): 48 axSpA (25 male, 23 female) and 37 non-SpA controls (18 male, 19 female). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T/Two multiple gradient-echo chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI which differed only in echo times (TEs) were scanned consecutively. ASSESSMENT Axial multi-echo CSE MRI was performed in the sacroiliac joints in vivo. Regions of interest (ROIs) were manually placed on subchondral bone with and without fat lesion in axSpA patients, and on subchondral bone without fat lesion in controls. FA composition was computed within the ROIs using a nonlinear least square method from literature. STATISTICAL TESTS Intergroup comparisons were performed using t tests. RESULTS In axSpA, male patients had significantly higher monounsaturated FA compared to controls in areas with fat lesion in the sacrum (+12%) and in the ilium (+9%), and in areas without fat lesion in the sacrum (+10%). Significantly lower polyunsaturated FAs were found in areas with fat lesion in the sacrum (-10%) and ilium (-11%), and lower saturated FAs were found in areas without fat lesion in the sacrum (-6%). In female, patients with axSpA had significantly higher saturated FAs in areas with fat lesion in the ilium (+7%) in comparison to controls. DATA CONCLUSION FA composition of the sacroiliac joint alters in patients with axSpA, and it can be detected using CSE MRI based analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Radiology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanli Cheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong Qi
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanxun Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Zou
- Department of Radiology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aigner CS, Dietrich-Conzelmann S, Lutz M, Krüger F, Schmitter S. Tailored and universal parallel transmit broadband pulses for homogeneous 3D excitation of the human heart at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:730-740. [PMID: 38440957 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To research and evaluate the performance of broadband tailored kT-point pulses (TP) and universal pulses (UP) for homogeneous excitation of the human heart at 7T. METHODS Relative 3DB 1 + $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1^{+} $$ -maps of the thorax were acquired from 29 healthy volunteers. TP and UP were designed using the small-tip-angle approximation for a different composition of up to seven resonance frequencies. TP were computed for each of the 29B 1 + $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1^{+} $$ -maps, and UPs were calculated using 22B 1 + $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1^{+} $$ -maps and tested in seven testcases. The performance of the pulses was analyzed using the coefficient of variation (CV) in the 3D heart volumes. The 3D gradient-echo (GRE) scans were acquired for the seven testcases to qualitatively validate theB 1 + $$ {\mathrm{B}}_1^{+} $$ -predictions. RESULTS Single- and double-frequency optimized pulses achieved homogeneity in flip angle (FA) for the frequencies they were optimized for, while the broadband pulses achieved uniformity in FA across a 1300 Hz frequency range. CONCLUSION Broadband TP and UP can be used for homogeneous excitation of the heart volume across a 1300 Hz frequency range, including the water and the main six fat peaks, or with longer pulse durations and higher FAs for a smaller transmit bandwidth. Moreover, despite large inter-volunteer variations, broadband UP can be used for calibration-free 3D heart FA homogenization in time-critical situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Max Lutz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Krüger
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmitter
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig and Berlin, Germany
- University of Minnesota, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schenker RB, Machle CJ, Schmidt KA, Allayee H, Kohli R, Goran MI. Associations of dietary sugars with liver stiffness in Latino adolescents with obesity differ on PNPLA3 and liver disease severity. Liver Int 2024; 44:1768-1774. [PMID: 38634702 PMCID: PMC11251846 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common paediatric liver disease. Latinos have high MASLD risk due to 50% prevalence of GG genotype of PNPLA3. Our primary aim was to evaluate associations between dietary carbohydrates/sugars and liver stiffness in Latino adolescents with obesity. Our secondary aim was to examine effect modification by (a) PNPLA3 genotype or (b) liver disease severity. Data were obtained from 114 Latino adolescents with obesity involved in two prior studies. No associations were seen between dietary carbohydrates/sugars and liver stiffness in the group as a whole. In subjects with GG genotype of PNPLA3, total sugar, fructose, sucrose, and glucose were associated with liver stiffness. Positive relationships between carbohydrate, total sugar, and sucrose and liver stiffness were stronger in those with MASLD and fibrosis compared to those with healthy livers and MASLD without fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel B Schenker
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher J Machle
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelsey A Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Departments of Population & Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rohit Kohli
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jonuscheit M, Uhlemeyer C, Korzekwa B, Schouwink M, Öner-Sieben S, Ensenauer R, Roden M, Belgardt BF, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Post mortem analysis of hepatic volume and lipid content by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in fixed murine neonates. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5140. [PMID: 38556731 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Maternal obesity and hyperglycemia are linked to an elevated risk for obesity, diabetes, and steatotic liver disease in the adult offspring. To establish and validate a noninvasive workflow for perinatal metabolic phenotyping, fixed neonates of common mouse strains were analyzed postmortem via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to assess liver volume and hepatic lipid (HL) content. The key advantage of nondestructive MRI/MRS analysis is the possibility of further tissue analyses, such as immunohistochemistry, RNA extraction, and even proteomics, maximizing the data that can be gained per individual and therefore facilitating comprehensive correlation analyses. This study employed an MRI and 1H-MRS workflow to measure liver volume and HL content in 65 paraformaldehyde-fixed murine neonates at 11.7 T. Liver volume was obtained using semiautomatic segmentation of MRI acquired by a RARE sequence with 0.5-mm slice thickness. HL content was measured by a STEAM sequence, applied with and without water suppression. T1 and T2 relaxation times of lipids and water were measured for respective correction of signal intensity. The HL content, given as CH2/(CH2 + H2O), was calculated, and the intrasession repeatability of the method was tested. The established workflow yielded robust results with a variation of ~3% in repeated measurements for HL content determination. HL content measurements were further validated by correlation analysis with biochemically assessed triglyceride contents (R2 = 0.795) that were measured in littermates. In addition, image quality also allowed quantification of subcutaneous adipose tissue and stomach diameter. The highest HL content was measured in C57Bl/6N (4.2%) and the largest liver volume and stomach diameter in CBA (53.1 mm3 and 6.73 mm) and NMRI (51.4 mm3 and 5.96 mm) neonates, which also had the most subcutaneous adipose tissue. The observed effects were independent of sex and litter size. In conclusion, we have successfully tested and validated a robust MRI/MRS workflow that allows assessment of morphology and HL content and further enables paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue-compatible subsequent analyses in murine neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jonuscheit
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Celina Uhlemeyer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Benedict Korzekwa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marten Schouwink
- University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Soner Öner-Sieben
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Regina Ensenauer
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Froeling M, Heskamp L. The effect of fat model variation on muscle fat fraction quantification in a cross-sectional cohort. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5217. [PMID: 39077882 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopic imaging, rooted in Dixon's two-echo spin sequence to distinguish water and fat, has evolved significantly in acquisition and processing. Yet precise fat quantification remains a persistent challenge in ongoing research. With adequate phase characterization and correction, the fat composition models will impact measurements of fatty tissue. However, the effect of the used fat model in low-fat regions such as healthy muscle is unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of assumed fat composition, in terms of chain length and double bond count, on fat fraction quantification in healthy muscle, while addressing phase and relaxometry confounders. For this purpose, we acquired bilateral thigh datasets from 38 healthy volunteers. Fat fractions were estimated using the IDEAL algorithm employing three different fat models fitted with and without the initial phase constrained. After data processing and model fitting, we used a convolutional neural net to automatically segment all thigh muscles and subcutaneous fat to evaluate the fitted parameters. The fat composition was compared with those reported in the literature. Overall, all the observed estimated fat composition values fall within the range of previously reported fatty acid composition based on gas chromatography measurements. All methods and models revealed different estimates of the muscle fat fractions in various evaluated muscle groups. Lateral differences changed from 0.5% to 5.3% in the hamstring muscle groups depending on the chosen method. The lowest observed left-right differences in each muscle group were all for the fat model estimating the number of double bonds with the initial phase unconstrained. With this model, the left-right differences were 0.64% ± 0.31%, 0.50% ± 0.27%, and 0.50% ± 0.40% for the quadriceps, hamstrings, and adductors muscle groups, respectively. Our findings suggest that a fat model estimating double bond numbers while allowing separate phases for each chemical species, given some assumptions, yields the best fat fraction estimate for our dataset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Froeling
- Center for Image Sciences, Precision Imaging Group, Division Imaging & Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Heskamp
- Center for Image Sciences, Precision Imaging Group, Division Imaging & Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thanaj M, Basty N, Whitcher B, Bell JD, Thomas EL. MRI assessment of adipose tissue fatty acid composition in the UK Biobank and its association with diet and disease. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024. [PMID: 39051177 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the fatty acid (FA) composition of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (ASAT and VAT, respectively) in the UK Biobank imaging cohort (N = 33,823) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS We measured the fractions of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FA (fSFA, fMUFA, and fPUFA, respectively) in ASAT and VAT from multiecho MRI scans. We selected a subcohort of participants who followed a vegan and an omnivore diet (N = 36) to validate the effect of diet on adipose tissue. In the wider imaging cohort, we examined the relationships between adipose tissue FA composition and various traits related to disease and body size. RESULTS We measured adipose tissue FA composition for over 33,000 participants, revealing higher fSFA and fPUFA and lower fMUFA in VAT (p < 0.00016). fMUFA and fPUFA were higher in ASAT and lower in VAT for women (p < 0.00016). Vegan participants exhibited lower fSFA in both ASAT and VAT (p < 0.00016). VAT fSFA and fMUFA showed significant associations with disease, as well as anthropometric variables. CONCLUSIONS This extensive analysis revealed the relationships between adipose tissue FA composition and a range of factors in a diverse population, highlighting the importance of studying body adipose tissue beyond its quantity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjola Thanaj
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Basty
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nosrati R, Calakli F, Afacan O, Pelkola K, Nichols R, Connaughton P, Bedoya MA, Tsai A, Bixby S, Warfield SK. Free-Breathing High-Resolution, Swap-Free, and Motion-Corrected Water/Fat Separation in Pediatric Abdominal MRI. Invest Radiol 2024:00004424-990000000-00221. [PMID: 38857418 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000001092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The T1-weighted GRE (gradient recalled echo) sequence with the Dixon technique for water/fat separation is an essential component of abdominal MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), useful in detecting tumors and characterizing hemorrhage/fat content. Unfortunately, the current implementation of this sequence suffers from several problems: (1) low resolution to maintain high pixel bandwidth and minimize chemical shift; (2) image blurring due to respiratory motion; (3) water/fat swapping due to the natural ambiguity between fat and water peaks; and (4) off-resonance fat blurring due to the multipeak nature of the fat spectrum. The goal of this study was to evaluate the image quality of water/fat separation using a high-resolution 3-point Dixon golden angle radial acquisition with retrospective motion compensation and multipeak fat modeling in children undergoing abdominal MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two pediatric patients (4.2 ± 2.3 years) underwent abdominal MRI on a 3 T scanner with routine abdominal protocol and with a 3-point Dixon radial-VIBE (volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination) sequence. Field maps were calculated using 3D graph-cut optimization followed by fat and water calculation from k-space data by iteratively solving an optimization problem. A 6-peak fat model was used to model chemical shifts in k-space. Residual respiratory motion was corrected through soft-gating by weighting each projection based on the estimated respiratory motion from the center of the k-space. Reconstructed images were reviewed by 3 pediatric radiologists on a PACS (picture archiving and communication systems) workstation. Subjective image quality and water/fat swapping artifact were scored by each pediatric radiologist using a 5-point Likert scale. The VoL (variance of Laplacian) of the reconstructed images was used to objectively quantify image sharpness. RESULTS Based on the overall Likert scores, the images generated using the described method were significantly superior to those reconstructed by the conventional 2-point Dixon technique (P < 0.05). Water/fat swapping artifact was observed in 14 of 22 patients using 2-point Dixon, and this artifact was not present when using the proposed method. Image sharpness was significantly improved using the proposed framework. CONCLUSIONS In smaller patients, a high-quality water/fat separation with sharp visualization of fine details is critical for diagnostic accuracy. High-resolution golden angle radial-VIBE 3-point Dixon acquisition with 6-peak fat model and soft-gated motion correction offers improved image quality at the expense of an additional ~1-minute acquisition time. Thus, this technique offers the potential to replace the conventional 2-point Dixon technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Nosrati
- From the Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA (R. Nosrati, F.C., O.A., K.P., R. Nichols, P.C., M.A.B., A.T., S.B., S.K.W.); and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (R. Nosrati, F.C., O.A., K.P., R. Nichols, P.C., M.A.B., A.T., S.B., S.K.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Honecker J, Prokopchuk O, Seeliger C, Hauner H, Junker D, Karampinos DC, Ruschke S. Feasibility of omega-3 fatty acid fraction mapping using chemical shift encoding-based imaging at 3 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5181. [PMID: 38830747 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work is to develop an ω-3 fatty acid fraction mapping method at 3 T based on a chemical shift encoding model, to assess its performance in a phantom and in vitro study, and to further demonstrate its feasibility in vivo. METHODS A signal model was heuristically derived based on spectral appearance and theoretical considerations of the corresponding molecular structures to differentiate between ω-3 and non-ω-3 fatty acid substituents in triacylglycerols in addition to the number of double bonds (ndb), the number of methylene-interrupted double bonds (nmidb), and the mean fatty acid chain length (CL). First, the signal model was validated using single-voxel spectroscopy and a time-interleaved multi-echo gradient-echo (TIMGRE) sequence in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-calibrated oil phantoms. Second, the TIMGRE-based method was validated in vitro in 21 adipose tissue samples with corresponding GC-MS measurements. Third, an in vivo feasibility study was performed for the TIMGRE-based method in the gluteal region of two healthy volunteers. Phantom and in vitro data was analyzed using a Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Compared with GC-MS, MRS showed in the phantom study significant correlations in estimating the ω-3 fraction (p < 0.001), ndb (p < 0.001), nmidb (p < 0.001), and CL (p = 0.001); MRI showed in the phantom study significant correlations (all p < 0.001) for the ω-3 fraction, ndb, and nmidb, but no correlation for CL. Also in the in vitro study, significant correlations (all p < 0.001) between MRI and GC-MS were observed for the ω-3 fraction, ndb, and nmidb, but not for CL. An exemplary ROI measurement in vivo in the gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue yielded (mean ± standard deviation) 0.8% ± 1.9% ω-3 fraction. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated strong correlations between gradient-echo imaging-based ω-3 fatty acid fraction mapping and GC-MS in the phantom and in vitro study. Furthermore, feasibility was demonstrated for characterizing adipose tissue in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Honecker
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Olga Prokopchuk
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudine Seeliger
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, ZIEL-Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Junker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hachem M, Ahmmed MK, Nacir-Delord H. Phospholipidomics in Clinical Trials for Brain Disorders: Advancing our Understanding and Therapeutic Potentials. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3272-3295. [PMID: 37981628 PMCID: PMC11087356 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipidomics is a specialized branch of lipidomics that focuses on the characterization and quantification of phospholipids. By using sensitive analytical techniques, phospholipidomics enables researchers to better understand the metabolism and activities of phospholipids in brain disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In the brain, identifying specific phospholipid biomarkers can offer valuable insights into the underlying molecular features and biochemistry of these diseases through a variety of sensitive analytical techniques. Phospholipidomics has emerged as a promising tool in clinical studies, with immense potential to advance our knowledge of neurological diseases and enhance diagnosis and treatment options for patients. In the present review paper, we discussed numerous applications of phospholipidomics tools in clinical studies, with a particular focus on the neurological field. By exploring phospholipids' functions in neurological diseases and the potential of phospholipidomics in clinical research, we provided valuable insights that could aid researchers and clinicians in harnessing the full prospective of this innovative practice and improve patient outcomes by providing more potent treatments for neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Hachem
- Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Department of Fishing and Post-Harvest Technology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Houda Nacir-Delord
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Sciences and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zsombor Z, Zsély B, Rónaszéki AD, Stollmayer R, Budai BK, Palotás L, Bérczi V, Kalina I, Maurovich Horvat P, Kaposi PN. Comparison of Vendor-Independent Software Tools for Liver Proton Density Fat Fraction Estimation at 1.5 T. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1138. [PMID: 38893664 PMCID: PMC11171873 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Open-source software tools are available to estimate proton density fat fraction (PDFF). (2) Methods: We compared four algorithms: complex-based with graph cut (GC), magnitude-based (MAG), magnitude-only estimation with Rician noise modeling (MAG-R), and multi-scale quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimization with graph cut (QPBO). The accuracy and reliability of the methods were evaluated in phantoms with known fat/water ratios and a patient cohort with various grades (S0-S3) of steatosis. Image acquisitions were performed at 1.5 Tesla (T). (3) Results: The PDFF estimates showed a nearly perfect correlation (Pearson r = 0.999, p < 0.001) and inter-rater agreement (ICC = from 0.995 to 0.999, p < 0.001) with true fat fractions. The absolute bias was low with all methods (0.001-1%), and an ANCOVA detected no significant difference between the algorithms in vitro. The agreement across the methods was very good in the patient cohort (ICC = 0.891, p < 0.001). However, MAG estimates (-2.30% ± 6.11%, p = 0.005) were lower than MAG-R. The field inhomogeneity artifacts were most frequent in MAG-R (70%) and GC (39%) and absent in QPBO images. (4) Conclusions: The tested algorithms all accurately estimate PDFF in vitro. Meanwhile, QPBO is the least affected by field inhomogeneity artifacts in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zita Zsombor
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Boglárka Zsély
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Aladár D. Rónaszéki
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Róbert Stollmayer
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina K. Budai
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lőrinc Palotás
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Viktor Bérczi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Ildikó Kalina
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Pál Maurovich Horvat
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Pál Novák Kaposi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adekunbi DA, Yang B, Huber HF, Riojas AM, Moody AJ, Li C, Olivier M, Nathanielsz PW, Clarke GD, Cox LA, Salmon AB. Perinatal maternal undernutrition in baboons modulates hepatic mitochondrial function but not metabolites in aging offspring. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592246. [PMID: 38746316 PMCID: PMC11092655 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated in baboons that maternal undernutrition (MUN), achieved by 70 % of control nutrition, impairs fetal liver function, but long-term changes associated with aging in this model remain unexplored. Here, we assessed clinical phenotypes of liver function, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and protein abundance in adult male and female baboons exposed to MUN during pregnancy and lactation and their control counterparts. Plasma liver enzymes were assessed enzymatically. Liver glycogen, choline, and lipid concentrations were quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Mitochondrial respiration in primary hepatocytes under standard culture conditions and in response to metabolic (1 mM glucose) and oxidative (100 µM H2O2) stress were assessed with Seahorse XFe96. Hepatocyte mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and protein abundance were determined by tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester staining and immunoblotting, respectively. Liver enzymes and metabolite concentrations were largely unaffected by MUN, except for higher aspartate aminotransferase levels in MUN offspring when male and female data were combined. Oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification rate, and MMP were significantly higher in male MUN offspring relative to control animals under standard culture. However, in females, cellular respiration was similar in control and MUN offspring. In response to low glucose challenge, only control male hepatocytes were resistant to low glucose-stimulated increase in basal and ATP-linked respiration. H2O2 did not affect hepatocyte mitochondrial respiration. Protein markers of mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits, biogenesis, dynamics, and antioxidant enzymes were unchanged. Male-specific increases in mitochondrial bioenergetics in MUN offspring may be associated with increased energy demand in these animals. The similarity in systemic liver parameters suggests that changes in hepatocyte bioenergetics capacity precede detectable circulatory hepatic defects in MUN offspring and that the mitochondria may be an orchestrator of liver programming outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Adekunbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Bowen Yang
- Research Imaging Institute, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Ant Texas, USA
| | - Hillary F Huber
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Angelica M Riojas
- Research Imaging Institute, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Ant Texas, USA
| | - Alexander J Moody
- Research Imaging Institute, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Ant Texas, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Michael Olivier
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Research Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Geoffery D Clarke
- Research Imaging Institute, Long School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Ant Texas, USA
| | - Laura A Cox
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, Southwest Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wan C, He W, Xu Z. Water-Fat Separation for the Knee on a 50 mT Portable MRI Scanner. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:1687-1696. [PMID: 38150336 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3347441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Dixon method is frequently employed in clinical and scientific research for fat suppression, because it has lower sensitivity to static magnetic field inhomogeneity compared to chemical shift selective saturation or its variants and maintains image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Recently, research on very-low-field (VLF < 100 mT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has regained popularity. However, there is limited literature on water-fat separation in VLF MRI. Here, we present a modified two-point Dixon method specifically designed for VLF MRI. METHODS Most experiments were performed on a homemade 50 mT portable MRI scanner. The receiving coil adopted a homemade quadrature receiving coil. The data were acquired using spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences. We considered the T2* effect, and added priori information to existing two-point Dixon method. Then, the method used regional iterative phasor extraction (RIPE) to extract the error phasor. Finally, least squares solutions for water and fat were obtained and fat signal fraction was calculated. RESULTS For phantom evaluation, water-only and fat-only images were obtained and the local fat signal fractions were calculated, with two samples being 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. For knee imaging, cartilage, muscle and fat could be clearly distinguished. The water-only images were able to highlight areas such as cartilage that could not be easily distinguished without separation. CONCLUSION This work has demonstrated the feasibility of using a 50 mT MRI scanner for water-fat separation. SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported result of water-fat separation at a 50 mT portable MRI scanner.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shrestha U, Esparza JP, Satapathy SK, Vanatta JM, Abramson ZR, Tipirneni-Sajja A. Hepatic steatosis modeling and MRI signal simulations for comparison of single- and dual-R2* models and estimation of fat fraction at 1.5T and 3T. Comput Biol Med 2024; 174:108448. [PMID: 38626508 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a noninvasive clinical tool for assessment of hepatic steatosis. Multi-spectral fat-water MRI models, incorporating single or dual transverse relaxation decay rate(s) (R2*) have been proposed for accurate fat fraction (FF) estimation. However, it is still unclear whether single- or dual-R2* model accurately mimics in vivo signal decay for precise FF estimation and the impact of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on each model performance. Hence, this study aims to construct virtual steatosis models and synthesize MRI signals with different SNRs to systematically evaluate the accuracy of single- and dual-R2* models for FF and R2* estimations at 1.5T and 3.0T. METHODS Realistic hepatic steatosis models encompassing clinical FF range (0-60 %) were created using morphological features of fat droplets (FDs) extracted from human liver biopsy samples. MRI signals were synthesized using Monte Carlo simulations for noise-free (SNRideal) and varying SNR conditions (5-100). Fat-water phantoms were scanned with different SNRs to validate simulation results. Fat water toolbox was used to calculate R2* and FF for both single- and dual-R2* models. The model accuracies in R2* and FF estimates were analyzed using linear regression, bias plot and heatmap analysis. RESULTS The virtual steatosis model closely mimicked in vivo fat morphology and Monte Carlo simulation produced realistic MRI signals. For SNRideal and moderate-high SNRs, water R2* (R2*W) by dual-R2* and common R2* (R2*com) by single-R2* model showed an excellent agreement with slope close to unity (0.95-1.01) and R2 > 0.98 at both 1.5T and 3.0T. In simulations, the R2*com-FF and R2*W-FF relationships exhibited slopes similar to in vivo calibrations, confirming the accuracy of our virtual models. For SNRideal, fat R2* (R2*F) was similar to R2*W and dual-R2* model showed slightly higher accuracy in FF estimation. However, in the presence of noise, dual-R2* produced higher FF bias with decreasing SNR, while leading to only marginal improvement for high SNRs and in regions dominated by fat and water. In contrast, single-R2* model was robust and produced accurate FF estimations in simulations and phantom scans with clinical SNRs. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the feasibility of creating virtual steatosis models and generating MRI signals that mimic in vivo morphology and signal behavior. The single-R2* model consistently produced lower FF bias for clinical SNRs across entire FF range compared to dual-R2* model, hence signifying that single-R2* model is optimal for assessing hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Utsav Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Juan P Esparza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanjaya K Satapathy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, USA; Northwell Health Center for Liver Diseases & Transplantation, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jason M Vanatta
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zachary R Abramson
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Aaryani Tipirneni-Sajja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hollý S, Chmelík M, Suchá S, Suchý T, Beneš J, Pátrovič L, Juskanič D. Photon-counting CT using multi-material decomposition algorithm enables fat quantification in the presence of iron deposits. Phys Med 2024; 118:103210. [PMID: 38219560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A new generation of CT detectors were recently developed with the ability to measure individual photon's energy and thus provide spectral information. The aim of this work was to assess the performance of simultaneous fat and iron quantification using a clinical photon-counting CT (PCCT) and its comparison to dual-energy CT (DECT), MRS and MRI at 3 T. METHODS Two 3D printed cylindrical phantoms with 32 samples (n = 12 fat fractions between 0 % and 100 %, n = 20 with mixtures of fat and iron) were scanned with PCCT and DECT scanners for comparison. A three-material decomposition approach was used to estimate the volume fractions of fat (FF), iron and soft tissue. The same phantoms were examined by MRI (6-echo DIXON, a.k.a. Q-DIXON) and MRS (multi-echo STEAM, a.k.a. HISTO) at 3 T for comparison. RESULTS PCCT, DECT, MRI and MRS computed FFs showed correlation with reference fat fraction values in samples with no iron (r > 0.98). PCCT decomposition showed slightly weaker correlation with FFref in samples with added iron (r = 0.586) compared to MRI (r = 0.673) and MRS (r = 0.716) methods. On the other hand, it showed no systematic over- or underestimation. Surprisingly, DECT decomposition-derived FF showed strongest correlation (r = 0.758) in these samples, however systematic overestimation was observed. FF values computed by three-material PCCT decomposition, DECT decomposition, MRI and MRS were unaffected by iron concentration. CONCLUSIONS This in-vitro study shows for the first time that photon-counting computed tomography may be used for quantification of fat content in the presence of iron deposits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Hollý
- JESSENIUS - diagnostic center, Nitra, Slovakia; Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Chmelík
- JESSENIUS - diagnostic center, Nitra, Slovakia; Department of Technical Disciplines in Health Care, Faculty of Health Care, University of Prešov, Slovakia.
| | - Slavomíra Suchá
- Department of Technical Disciplines in Health Care, Faculty of Health Care, University of Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Suchý
- Department of Technical Disciplines in Health Care, Faculty of Health Care, University of Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Jiři Beneš
- Department of Radiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Dominik Juskanič
- JESSENIUS - diagnostic center, Nitra, Slovakia; Medical Faculty, Commenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Daudé P, Roussel T, Troalen T, Viout P, Hernando D, Guye M, Kober F, Confort Gouny S, Bernard M, Rapacchi S. Comparative review of algorithms and methods for chemical-shift-encoded quantitative fat-water imaging. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:741-759. [PMID: 37814776 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a standardized comparison between state-of-the-art open-source fat-water separation algorithms for proton density fat fraction (PDFF) andR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ quantification using an open-source multi-language toolbox. METHODS Eight recent open-source fat-water separation algorithms were compared in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. Multi-echo data were synthesized with varying fat-fractions, B0 off-resonance, SNR and TEs. Experimental evaluation was conducted using calibrated fat-water phantoms acquired at 3T and multi-site open-source phantoms data. Algorithms' performances were observed on challenging in vivo datasets at 3T. Finally, reconstruction algorithms were investigated with different fat spectra to evaluate the importance of the fat model. RESULTS In silico and in vitro results proved most algorithms to be not sensitive to fat-water swaps andB 0 $$ {\mathrm{B}}_0 $$ offsets with five or more echoes. However, two methods remained inaccurate even with seven echoes and SNR = 50, and two other algorithms' precision depended on the echo spacing scheme (p < 0.05). The remaining four algorithms provided reliable performances with limits of agreement under 2% for PDFF and 6 s-1 forR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ . The choice of fat spectrum model influenced quantification of PDFF mildly (<2% bias) and ofR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ more severely, with errors up to 20 s-1 . CONCLUSION In promoting standardized comparisons of MRI-based fat and iron quantification using chemical-shift encoded multi-echo methods, this benchmark work has revealed some discrepancies between recent approaches for PDFF andR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ mapping. Explicit choices and parameterization of the fat-water algorithm appear necessary for reproducibility. This open-source toolbox further enables the user to optimize acquisition parameters by predicting algorithms' margins of errors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Daudé
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tangi Roussel
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Patrick Viout
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Diego Hernando
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Maxime Guye
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Frank Kober
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Sylviane Confort Gouny
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| | - Stanislas Rapacchi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- APHM, Hôpital Universitaire Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Dong Y, Koolstra K, Li Z, Riedel M, van Osch MJP, Börnert P. Structured low-rank reconstruction for navigator-free water/fat separated multi-shot diffusion-weighted EPI. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:205-220. [PMID: 37753595 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multi-shot diffusion-weighted EPI allows an increase in image resolution and reduced geometric distortions and can be combined with chemical-shift encoding (Dixon) to separate water/fat signals. However, such approaches suffer from physiological motion-induced shot-to-shot phase variations. In this work, a structured low-rank-based navigator-free algorithm is proposed to address the challenge of simultaneously separating water/fat signals and correcting for physiological motion-induced shot-to-shot phase variations in multi-shot EPI-based diffusion-weighted MRI. THEORY AND METHODS We propose an iterative, model-based reconstruction pipeline that applies structured low-rank regularization to estimate and eliminate the shot-to-shot phase variations in a data-driven way, while separating water/fat images. The algorithm is tested in different anatomies, including head-neck, knee, brain, and prostate. The performance is validated in simulations and in-vivo experiments in comparison to existing approaches. RESULTS In-vivo experiments and simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared to extra-navigated and an alternative self-navigation approach. The proposed algorithm demonstrates the capability to reconstruct in the multi-shot/Dixon hybrid space domain under-sampled datasets, using the same number of acquired EPI shots compared to conventional fat-suppression techniques but eliminating fat signals through chemical-shift encoding. In addition, partial Fourier reconstruction can also be achieved by using the concept of virtual conjugate coils in conjunction with the proposed algorithm. CONCLUSION The proposed algorithm effectively eliminates the shot-to-shot phase variations and separates water/fat images, making it a promising solution for future DWI on different anatomies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Dong
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ziyu Li
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Peter Börnert
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Philips Research Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lim JJ, Sequeira-Bisson IR, Yip WCY, Lu LW, Miles-Chan JL, Poppitt SD. Intra-pancreatic fat is associated with high circulating glucagon and GLP-1 concentrations following whey protein ingestion in overweight women with impaired fasting glucose: A randomised controlled trial. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 207:111084. [PMID: 38154534 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.111084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) while hypothesised to impair beta-cell function, its impact on alpha-cells remains unclear. We evaluated the association between IPFD and markers of pancreatic cells function using whey protein. METHODS Twenty overweight women with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and low or high IPFD (<4.66% vs ≥4.66%) consumed 3 beverage treatments: 0 g (water control), 12.5 g (low-dose) and 50.0 g (high-dose) whey protein, after an overnight fast, in randomised order. Blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, gastric-inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and amylin were analysed postprandially over 4 h. Incremental area-under-the-curve (iAUC), incremental maximum concentration (iCmax), and time to maximum concentration (Tmax) for these were compared between IPFD groups using repeated measures linear mixed models, also controlled for age (pcov). RESULTS iAUC and iCmax glucose and insulin while similar between the two IPFD groups, high IPFD and ageing contributed to higher postprandial glucagon (iAUC: p = 0.012; pcov = 0.004; iCmax: p = 0.069; pcov = 0.021) and GLP-1 (iAUC: p = 0.006; pcov = 0.064; iCmax: p = 0.011; pcov = 0.122) concentrations. CONCLUSION In our cohort, there was no evidence that IPFD impaired protein-induced insulin secretion. Conversely, IPFD may be associated with increased protein-induced glucagon secretion, a novel observation which warrants further investigation into its relevance in the pathogenesis of dysglycaemia and type-2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiet Lim
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ivana R Sequeira-Bisson
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wilson C Y Yip
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Louise W Lu
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer L Miles-Chan
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand; High Value Nutrition, National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tebbens M, Schutte M, Troelstra MA, Bruinstroop E, de Mutsert R, Nederveen AJ, den Heijer M, Bisschop PH. Sex Steroids Regulate Liver Fat Content and Body Fat Distribution in Both Men and Women: A Study in Transgender Persons. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 109:e280-e290. [PMID: 37463488 PMCID: PMC10735313 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Liver fat content and visceral fat volume are associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease and are higher in men than in women. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of estradiol and testosterone treatment on liver fat and visceral fat in transgender persons. DESIGN Open-label intervention study (SHAMVA) with a 1-year follow-up. SETTING Gender clinic in a hospital. PATIENTS 8 trans women and 18 trans men receiving hormone treatment. INTERVENTIONS Trans women received an antiandrogen and after 6 weeks estradiol was added. Trans men were randomized to receive triptorelin, testosterone, and anastrozole for 12 weeks or triptorelin and testosterone for 12 weeks, followed by only testosterone until week 52. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Liver fat content, visceral and abdominal subcutaneous fat volume, measured by magnetic resonance spectrometry or imaging at baseline, 6, 8, 18, and 58 weeks in transwomen or at baseline; at 6 and 12 weeks in trans men with anastrozole; and at 52 weeks in trans men without anastrozole. RESULTS In trans women, liver fat content decreased by 1.55% (-2.99 to -0.12) after 58 weeks, compared to week 6. Visceral fat did not change. In trans men with anastrozole, the liver fat content and visceral fat volume did not change. In trans men without anastrozole, after 52 weeks, liver fat content increased by 0.83% (0.14 to 1.52) and visceral fat volume increased by 34% (16 to 51). CONCLUSIONS Sex hormones regulate liver fat content and visceral fat in men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Tebbens
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moya Schutte
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian A Troelstra
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Bruinstroop
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Castagnoli F, Donners R, Tunariu N, Messiou C, Koh DM. Relative fat fraction of malignant bone lesions from breast cancer, prostate cancer and myeloma are significantly lower than normal bone marrow and shows excellent interobserver agreement. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20230240. [PMID: 37750943 PMCID: PMC10646620 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20230240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare relative fat fraction (rFF) of active bone lesions from breast, prostate and myeloma malignancies and normal bone marrow; to assess its inter-reader agreement. METHODS Patients with breast (n = 26), myeloma (n = 32) and prostate cancer (n = 52) were retrospectively evaluated. 110 baseline rFF maps from whole-body MRI were reviewed by two radiologists. Regions of interest for up to four focal active lesions in each patient were drawn on rFF maps, one each at the cervicothoracic spine, lumbosacral spine, pelvis and extremity. The mean and standard deviation of rFF were recorded. The rFF of normal marrow was measured in the pelvis for patients without diffuse bone disease (n = 88). We compared the rFF of malignant bone lesions and normal marrow using Mann-Whitney test. Interobserver agreement was assessed by interclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS Malignant bone lesions showed significantly lower median rFF (13.87%) compared with normal marrow (89.76%) with little overlap (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the median rFF of malignant lesions from breast (14.46%), myeloma (13.12%) and prostate cancer (13.67%) (p > 0.017, Bonferroni correction) and in the median rFF of bone disease according to their anatomical locations (p > 0.008, Bonferroni correction). There was excellent interobserver agreement (0.95). CONCLUSION The low rFF of active bone lesions in breast, prostate and myeloma malignancies provides high image contrast relative to normal marrow that may be used to detect bone metastases. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This study shows the importance of rFF towards detecting bone metastases.
Collapse
|
21
|
Orcel T, Chau HT, Turlin B, Chaigneau J, Bannier E, Otal P, Frampas E, Leguen A, Boulic A, Saint-Jalmes H, Aubé C, Boursier J, Bardou-Jacquet E, Gandon Y. Evaluation of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) obtained from a vendor-neutral MRI sequence and MRQuantif software. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:8999-9009. [PMID: 37402003 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) obtained by the MRQuantif software from 2D chemical shift encoded MR (CSE-MR) data in comparison with the histological steatosis data. METHODS This study, pooling data from 3 prospective studies spread over time between January 2007 and July 2020, analyzed 445 patients who underwent 2D CSE-MR and liver biopsy. MR derived liver iron concentration (MR-LIC) and PDFF was calculated using the MRQuantif software. The histological standard steatosis score (SS) served as reference. In order to get a value more comparable to PDFF, histomorphometry fat fraction (HFF) were centrally determined for 281 patients. Spearman correlation and the Bland and Altman method were used for comparison. RESULTS Strong correlations were found between PDFF and SS (rs = 0.84, p < 0.001) or HFF (rs = 0.87, p < 0.001). Spearman's coefficients increased to 0.88 (n = 324) and 0.94 (n = 202) when selecting only the patients without liver iron overload. The Bland and Altman analysis between PDFF and HFF found a mean bias of 5.4% ± 5.7 [95% CI 4.7, 6.1]. The mean bias was 4.7% ± 3.7 [95% CI 4.2, 5.3] and 7.1% ± 8.8 [95% CI 5.2, 9.0] for the patients without and with liver iron overload, respectively. CONCLUSION The PDFF obtained by MRQuantif from a 2D CSE-MR sequence is highly correlated with the steatosis score and very close to the fat fraction estimated by histomorphometry. Liver iron overload reduced the performance of steatosis quantification and joint quantification is recommended. This device-independent method can be particularly useful for multicenter studies. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT The quantification of liver steatosis using a vendor-neutral 2D chemical-shift MR sequence, processed by MRQuantif, is well correlated to steatosis score and histomorphometric fat fraction obtained from biopsy, whatever the magnetic field and the MR device used. KEY POINTS • The PDFF measured by MRQuantif from 2D CSE-MR sequence data is highly correlated to hepatic steatosis. • Steatosis quantification performance is reduced in case of significant hepatic iron overload. • This vendor-neutral method may allow consistent estimation of PDFF in multicenter studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Orcel
- Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - H T Chau
- Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
- NUMECAN, INSERM U1099, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - B Turlin
- NUMECAN, INSERM U1099, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
- Department of Pathology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - J Chaigneau
- HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49993, Angers, France
| | - E Bannier
- Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
- EMPENN U746 Unit/Project, INSERM/INRIA, IRISA, University of Rennes, Beaulieu Campus, UMR CNRS 6074, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - P Otal
- Department of Radiology, Toulouse University Hospital, 1 Av Pr J. Poulhes, 31059, Toulouse, France
| | - E Frampas
- Department of Radiology, Nantes University Hospital, 1 Pl. Alexis-Ricordeau, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - A Leguen
- Department of Radiology, Bretagne-Atlantique Hospital, 20 Bd Général Maurice Guillaudot, 56000, Vannes, France
| | - A Boulic
- Department of Radiology, Bretagne Sud Hospital, 5 Avenue de Choiseul, 56322, Lorient, France
| | - H Saint-Jalmes
- INSERM U1099, LTSI, University of Rennes, Beaulieu Campus, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - C Aubé
- HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49993, Angers, France
- Department of Radiology, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49993, Angers, France
| | - J Boursier
- HIFIH, UPRES EA3859, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49993, Angers, France
- Department of Hepatology-GastoeEnterology, Angers University Hospital, 4 Rue Larrey, 49993, Angers, France
| | - E Bardou-Jacquet
- NUMECAN, INSERM U1099, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
- Department of Hepatology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Y Gandon
- Department of Radiology, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France.
- NUMECAN, INSERM U1099, Rennes University Hospital, 2 Rue H. Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin D, Zhou J, Cao Y, Wang Z, Hsu YC, Zheng F, Li H, Sun S, Ren H, Deng L, Chen F, Wang M. Echo time optimization for in-vivo measurement of unsaturated lipid resonances using J-difference-edited MRS. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:2217-2232. [PMID: 37496253 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Measuring lipid composition provides more information than just total lipid content. Hence, the non-invasive measurement of unsaturated lipid protons with both high efficiency and precision is of pressing need. This study was to optimize echo time (TE) for the best resolving of J-difference editing of unsaturated lipid resonances. METHODS The TE dependence of J-difference-edited (JDE) MRS was verified in the density-matrix simulation, soybean oil phantom, in-vivo experiments of white adipose tissue (WAT), and skeletal muscles using single-voxel MEGA-PRESS sequence at 3T. The peak SNRs and Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) acquired at the proposed TE of 45 ms and previously published TE of 70 ms were compared (eight pairs) in WAT, extramyocelluar lipids (EMCLs), and intramyocellular lipids (IMCLs). The lipid composition in skeletal muscles was compared between healthy males (n = 7) and females (n = 7). RESULTS The optimal TE was suggested as 45 ms. Compared to 70 ms, the mean signal gains at TE of 45 ms were 151% in WAT, 168% in EMCL, 204% in IMCL for allylic resonance, and 52% in EMCL for diallylic resonance. CRLBs were significantly reduced at TE of 45 ms in WAT, EMCL, IMCL for allylic resonance and in EMCL for diallylic resonance. With TE of 45 ms, significant gender differences were found in the lipid composition in EMCL pools, while no difference in IMCL pools. CONCLUSION The JDE-MRS protocol with TE of 45 ms allows improved quantification of unsaturated lipid resonances in vivo and future lipid metabolism investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Lin
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhou
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Cao
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Itd, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuiya Sun
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Ren
- School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Deng
- School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Radiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nikiforaki K, Marias K. MRI Methods to Visualize and Quantify Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3179. [PMID: 38137400 PMCID: PMC10740979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI is the modality of choice for a vast range of pathologies but also a sensitive probe into human physiology and tissue function. For this reason, several methodologies have been developed and continuously evolve in order to non-invasively monitor underlying phenomena in human adipose tissue that were difficult to assess in the past through visual inspection of standard imaging modalities. To this end, this work describes the imaging methodologies used in medical practice and lists the most important quantitative markers related to adipose tissue physiology and pathology that are currently supporting diagnosis, longitudinal evaluation and patient management decisions. The underlying physical principles and the resulting markers are presented and associated with frequently encountered pathologies in radiology in order to set the frame of the ability of MRI to reveal the complex role of adipose tissue, not as an inert tissue but as an active endocrine organ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nikiforaki
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Kostas Marias
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kaposi PN, Zsombor Z, Rónaszéki AD, Budai BK, Csongrády B, Stollmayer R, Kalina I, Győri G, Bérczi V, Werling K, Maurovich-Horvat P, Folhoffer A, Hagymási K. The Calculation and Evaluation of an Ultrasound-Estimated Fat Fraction in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3353. [PMID: 37958249 PMCID: PMC10648816 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13213353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to develop a non-linear regression model that could predict the fat fraction of the liver (UEFF), similar to magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), based on quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters. We measured and retrospectively collected the ultrasound attenuation coefficient (AC), backscatter-distribution coefficient (BSC-D), and liver stiffness (LS) using shear wave elastography (SWE) in 90 patients with clinically suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and 51 patients with clinically suspected metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The MRI-PDFF was also measured in all patients within a month of the ultrasound scan. In the linear regression analysis, only AC and BSC-D showed a significant association with MRI-PDFF. Therefore, we developed prediction models using non-linear least squares analysis to estimate MRI-PDFF based on the AC and BSC-D parameters. We fitted the models on the NAFLD dataset and evaluated their performance in three-fold cross-validation repeated five times. We decided to use the model based on both parameters to calculate UEFF. The correlation between UEFF and MRI-PDFF was strong in NAFLD and very strong in MAFLD. According to a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, UEFF could differentiate between <5% vs. ≥5% and <10% vs. ≥10% MRI-PDFF steatosis with excellent, 0.97 and 0.91 area under the curve (AUC), accuracy in the NAFLD and with AUCs of 0.99 and 0.96 in the MAFLD groups. In conclusion, UEFF calculated from QUS parameters is an accurate method to quantify liver fat fraction and to diagnose ≥5% and ≥10% steatosis in both NAFLD and MAFLD. Therefore, UEFF can be an ideal non-invasive screening tool for patients with NAFLD and MAFLD risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pál Novák Kaposi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Zita Zsombor
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Aladár D. Rónaszéki
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Bettina K. Budai
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Barbara Csongrády
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Róbert Stollmayer
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Ildikó Kalina
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Gabriella Győri
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Viktor Bérczi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Klára Werling
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78., 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (K.W.); (K.H.)
| | - Pál Maurovich-Horvat
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2., 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (A.D.R.); (B.K.B.); (B.C.); (R.S.); (I.K.); (G.G.); (V.B.); (P.M.-H.)
| | - Anikó Folhoffer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Korányi S. u. 2/A., 1083 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Krisztina Hagymási
- Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78., 1082 Budapest, Hungary; (K.W.); (K.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Buitinga M, Veeraiah P, Haans F, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. Ectopic lipid deposition in muscle and liver, quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2447-2459. [PMID: 37667838 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the development of noninvasive imaging techniques have spurred investigations into ectopic lipid deposition in the liver and muscle and its implications in the development of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Computed tomography and ultrasound have been applied in the past, though magnetic resonance-based methods are currently considered the gold standard as they allow more accurate quantitative detection of ectopic lipid stores. This review focuses on methodological considerations of magnetic resonance-based methods to image hepatic and muscle fat fractions, and it emphasizes anatomical and morphological aspects and how these may influence data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mijke Buitinga
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Scannexus (Ultra-High Field Imaging Center), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Haans
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center and Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tsujita Y, Sofue K, Ueshima E, Ueno Y, Hori M, Murakami T. Clinical Application of Quantitative MR Imaging in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Magn Reson Med Sci 2023; 22:435-445. [PMID: 35584952 PMCID: PMC10552668 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis was previously the most common cause of chronic liver disease. However, in recent years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases have been increasing, especially in developed countries. NAFLD is histologically characterized by fat, fibrosis, and inflammation in the liver, eventually leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although biopsy is the gold standard for the assessment of the liver parenchyma, quantitative evaluation methods, such as ultrasound, CT, and MRI, have been reported to have good diagnostic performances. The quantification of liver fat, fibrosis, and inflammation is expected to be clinically useful in terms of the prognosis, early intervention, and treatment response for the management of NAFLD. The aim of this review was to discuss the basics and prospects of MRI-based tissue quantifications of the liver, mainly focusing on proton density fat fraction for the quantification of fat deposition, MR elastography for the quantification of fibrosis, and multifrequency MR elastography for the evaluation of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Tsujita
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Sofue
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ueshima
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ueno
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takamichi Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Paccou J, Badr S, Lombardo D, Khizindar H, Deken V, Ruschke S, Karampinos DC, Cotten A, Cortet B. Bone Marrow Adiposity and Fragility Fractures in Postmenopausal Women: The ADIMOS Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2526-2536. [PMID: 37017011 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Noninvasive assessment of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve the prediction of fractures. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to determine if an association exists between PDFF and fractures. METHODS A case-control study was conducted at Lille University Hospital, Lille, France, with 2 groups of postmenopausal women: one with recent osteoporotic fractures, and the other with no fractures. Lumbar spine and proximal femur (femoral head, neck, and diaphysis) PDFF were determined using chemical shift-based water-fat separation MRI (WFI) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans of the lumbar spine and hip. Our primary objective was to determine the relationship between lumbar spine PDFF and osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Analysis of covariance was used to compare PDFF measurements between patient cases (overall and according to the type of fracture) and controls, after adjusting for age, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and BMD. RESULTS In 199 participants, controls (n = 99) were significantly younger (P < .001) and had significantly higher BMD (P < 0.001 for all sites) than patient cases (n = 100). A total of 52 women with clinical vertebral fractures and 48 with nonvertebral fractures were included. When PDFFs in patient cases and controls were compared, after adjustment on age, CCI, and BMD, no statistically significant differences between the groups were found at the lumbar spine or proximal femur. When PDFFs in participants with clinical vertebral fractures (n = 52) and controls were compared, femoral neck PDFF and femoral diaphysis PDFF were detected to be lower in participants with clinical vertebral fractures than in controls (adjusted mean [SE] 79.3% [1.2] vs 83.0% [0.8]; P = 0.020, and 77.7% [1.4] vs 81.6% [0.9]; P = 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSION No difference in lumbar spine PDFF was found between those with osteoporotic fractures and controls. However, imaging-based proximal femur PDFF may discriminate between postmenopausal women with and without clinical vertebral fractures, independently of age, CCI, and BMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, University Lille, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sammy Badr
- Department of Radiology and Musculoskeletal Imaging, University Lille, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Daniela Lombardo
- Department of Rheumatology, University Lille, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Huda Khizindar
- Department of Radiology and Musculoskeletal Imaging, University Lille, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Valérie Deken
- METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, University Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stefan Ruschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Cotten
- Department of Radiology and Musculoskeletal Imaging, University Lille, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bernard Cortet
- Department of Rheumatology, University Lille, CHU Lille, MABlab ULR 4490, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Meneses JP, Arrieta C, Della Maggiora G, Besa C, Urbina J, Arrese M, Gana JC, Galgani JE, Tejos C, Uribe S. Liver PDFF estimation using a multi-decoder water-fat separation neural network with a reduced number of echoes. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:6557-6568. [PMID: 37014405 PMCID: PMC10415440 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To accurately estimate liver PDFF from chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI using a deep learning (DL)-based Multi-Decoder Water-Fat separation Network (MDWF-Net), that operates over complex-valued CSE-MR images with only 3 echoes. METHODS The proposed MDWF-Net and a U-Net model were independently trained using the first 3 echoes of MRI data from 134 subjects, acquired with conventional 6-echoes abdomen protocol at 1.5 T. Resulting models were then evaluated using unseen CSE-MR images obtained from 14 subjects that were acquired with a 3-echoes CSE-MR pulse sequence with a shorter duration compared to the standard protocol. Resulting PDFF maps were qualitatively assessed by two radiologists, and quantitatively assessed at two corresponding liver ROIs, using Bland Altman and regression analysis for mean values, and ANOVA testing for standard deviation (STD) (significance level: .05). A 6-echo graph cut was considered ground truth. RESULTS Assessment of radiologists demonstrated that, unlike U-Net, MDWF-Net had a similar quality to the ground truth, despite it considered half of the information. Regarding PDFF mean values at ROIs, MDWF-Net showed a better agreement with ground truth (regression slope = 0.94, R2 = 0.97) than U-Net (regression slope = 0.86, R2 = 0.93). Moreover, ANOVA post hoc analysis of STDs showed a statistical difference between graph cuts and U-Net (p < .05), unlike MDWF-Net (p = .53). CONCLUSION MDWF-Net showed a liver PDFF accuracy comparable to the reference graph cut method, using only 3 echoes and thus allowing a reduction in the acquisition times. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT We have prospectively validated that the use of a multi-decoder convolutional neural network to estimate liver proton density fat fraction allows a significant reduction in MR scan time by reducing the number of echoes required by 50%. KEY POINTS • Novel water-fat separation neural network allows for liver PDFF estimation by using multi-echo MR images with a reduced number of echoes. • Prospective single-center validation demonstrated that echo reduction leads to a significant shortening of the scan time, compared to standard 6-echo acquisition. • Qualitative and quantitative performance of the proposed method showed no significant differences in PDFF estimation with respect to the reference technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Meneses
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Arrieta
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cecilia Besa
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jesús Urbina
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Cristóbal Gana
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose E Galgani
- Department of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Career, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Tejos
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Uribe
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tipirneni-Sajja A, Brasher S, Shrestha U, Johnson H, Morin C, Satapathy SK. Quantitative MRI of diffuse liver diseases: techniques and tissue-mimicking phantoms. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 36:529-551. [PMID: 36515810 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-022-01053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are emerging as non-invasive alternatives to biopsy for assessment of diffuse liver diseases of iron overload, steatosis and fibrosis. For testing and validating the accuracy of these techniques, phantoms are often used as stand-ins to human tissue to mimic diffuse liver pathologies. However, currently, there is no standardization in the preparation of MRI-based liver phantoms for mimicking iron overload, steatosis, fibrosis or a combination of these pathologies as various sizes and types of materials are used to mimic the same liver disease. Liver phantoms that mimic specific MR features of diffuse liver diseases observed in vivo are important for testing and calibrating new MRI techniques and for evaluating signal models to accurately quantify these features. In this study, we review the liver morphology associated with these diffuse diseases, discuss the quantitative MR techniques for assessing these liver pathologies, and comprehensively examine published liver phantom studies and discuss their benefits and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaryani Tipirneni-Sajja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Sarah Brasher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Utsav Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hayden Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cara Morin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sanjaya K Satapathy
- Northwell Health Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Northshore University Hospital/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu B, Cheng C, Qi Y, Zhou H, Peng H, Wan Q, Liu X, Zheng H, Zhang H, Zou C. Automatic segmentation of human supraclavicular adipose tissue using high-resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 36:641-649. [PMID: 36538249 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-022-01056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To achieve efficient segmentation of human supraclavicular adipose tissue (sclavAT) using high-resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. METHODS High-resolution 1.0 mm isotropic 3D T2-weighted images covering human supraclavicular area were acquired in transverse or coronary plane from 29 volunteers using a 3.0 T MRI scanner. There were typically 144/288 slices for the transverse/coronary scans for each subject, which amounts to a total of 6816 images in 29 volunteers. A U-NET network was trained to segment the supraclavicular adipose tissue (sclavAT). The performance of the automatic segmentation method was evaluated by comparing the output results with the manual labels using the quantitative indices of dice similarity coefficient (DSC), precision rate (PR), and recall rate (RR). The auto-segmented images were used to calculate the sclavAT volumes and registered to the MR fat fraction (FF) images to quantify the fat component of the sclavAT area. The relationship between body mass index (BMI), the volume and FF of sclavAT area was evaluated for all subjects. RESULTS The DSC, PR and RR of the automatic sclavAT segmentation method on the testing datasets were 0.920 ± 0.048, 0.915 ± 0.070 and 0.930 ± 0.058. The volume and the mean FF of sclavAT were both found to be strongly correlated to BMI, with the correlation coefficient of 0.703 and 0.625 (p < 0.05), respectively. The averaged computation time of the automatic segmentation method was approximately 0.06 s per slice, compared to more than 5 min for manual labeling. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the proposed automatic segmentation method using U-Net network is able to identify human sclavAT efficiently and accurately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxia Wu
- School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chuanli Cheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yulong Qi
- Radiology Department, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huimao Zhang
- Radiology Department, Bethune First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Imaging Research Institute of Innovative Medical Equipment, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Plaikner M, Lanser L, Kremser C, Weiss G, Henninger B. 1.5-T MR relaxometry in quantifying splenic and pancreatic iron: retrospective comparison of a commercial 3D-Dixon sequence and an established 2D multi-gradient echo sequence. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:4973-4980. [PMID: 36800012 PMCID: PMC10289981 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the quantitative measurement of splenic and pancreatic iron content using a commercial 3D-Dixon sequence (qDixon) versus an established fat-saturated R2* relaxometry method (ME-GRE). METHODS We analyzed splenic and pancreatic iron levels in 143 MR examinations (1.5 T) using the qDixon and a ME-GRE sequence (108 patients: 65 males, 43 females, mean age 61.31 years). Splenic and pancreatic R2* values were compared between both methods using Bland-Altman plots, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), and linear regression analyses. Iron overload (R2* > 50 1/s) was defined for both organs and compared using contingency tables, overall agreement, and Gwet's AC1 coefficient. RESULTS Of all analyzable examinations, the median splenic R2* using the qDixon sequence was 25.75 1/s (range: 5.6-433) and for the ME-GRE sequence 35.35 1/s (range: 10.9-400.8) respectively. Concerning the pancreas, a median R2* of 29.93 1/s (range: 14-111.45) for the qDixon and 31.25 1/s (range: 14-97) for the ME-GRE sequence was found. Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean R2* difference of 2.12 1/s with a CCC of 0.934 for the spleen and of 0.29 1/s with a CCC of 0.714 for the pancreas. Linear regression for the spleen/pancreas resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.94 (p < 0.001)/0.725 (p < 0.001). Concerning iron overload, the proportion of overall agreement between the two methods was 91.43% for the spleen and 93.18% for the pancreas. CONCLUSIONS Our data show good concordance between R2* values obtained with a commercial qDixon sequence and a validated ME-GRE relaxometry method. The 3D-qDixon sequence, originally intended for liver assessment, seems to be a reliable tool for non-invasive evaluation of iron content also in the spleen and the pancreas. KEY POINTS • A 3D chemical shift imaging sequence and 2D multi-gradient echo sequence show good conformity quantifying splenic and pancreatic R2* values. • The 3D chemical shift imaging sequence allows a reliable analysis also of splenic and pancreatic iron status. • In addition to the liver, the analysis of the spleen and pancreas is often helpful for further differential diagnostic clarification and patient guidance regarding the iron status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Plaikner
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Lanser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benjamin Henninger
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Paavilainen E, Niinikoski H, Parkkola R, Koskensalo K, Nikkinen H, Veijola R, Vääräsmäki M, Loo BM, Tossavainen P, Rönnemaa T, Tertti K. Metformin versus insulin for gestational diabetes: Adiposity variables and adipocytokines in offspring at age of 9 years. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2023:110780. [PMID: 37331522 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare body composition, visceral adiposity, adipocytokines, and low-grade inflammation markers in prepubertal offspring of mothers who were treated with metformin or insulin for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS 172 offspring of 311 mothers randomized to receive metformin (n=82) or insulin (n=90) for GDMwere studied at 9 years of age (follow-up rate 55%). Measurements included anthropometrics, adipocytokines, markers of the low-grade inflammation, abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic liver spectrometry (MRS), and whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS Serum markers of low-grade inflammation, visceral adipose tissue volume, total fat percentage, and liver fat percentage were similar between the study groups. Serum adiponectin concentration was higher in children in the metformin group compared to insulin group (median 10.37 vs 9.50 µg/ml, p = 0.016). This difference between groups was observed in boys only (median 12.13 vs 7.50 µg/ml, p<0.001). Leptin/adiponectin-ratio was lower in boys in the metformin group than in the insulin group (median 0.30 vs 0.75; p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Maternal metformin treatment for GDM had no effects on adiposity, body composition, liver fat, or inflammation markers in prepubertal offspring compared to maternal insulin treatment but was associated with higher adiponectin concentration and lower leptin/adiponectin-ratio in boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Paavilainen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle Koskensalo
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hilkka Nikkinen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marja Vääräsmäki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Britt-Marie Loo
- Joint Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory of University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Tertti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ostenson J, Robison RK, Brittain EL, Damon BM. Feasibility of joint mapping of triglyceride saturation and water longitudinal relaxation in a single breath hold applied to high fat-fraction adipose depots in the periclavicular anatomy. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 99:58-66. [PMID: 36764629 PMCID: PMC10088071 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Simultaneous mapping of triglyceride (TAG) saturation and tissue water relaxation may improve the characterization of the structure and function of anatomies with significant adipose tissue. While several groups have demonstrated in vivo TAG saturation imaging using MRI, joint mapping of relaxation and TAG saturation is understudied. Such mappings may avoid bias from physiological motion, if they can be done within a single breath-hold, and also account for static and applied magnetic field heterogeneity. METHODS We propose a transient-state/MR fingerprinting single breath-hold sequence at 3 T, a low-rank reconstruction, and a parameter estimation pipeline that jointly estimates the number of double bonds (NDB), number of methylene interrupted double bonds (NMIDB), and tissue water T1, while accounting for non-ideal radiofrequency transmit scaling and off-resonance effects. We test the proposed method in simulations, in phantom against MR spectroscopy (MRS), and in vivo regions in and around high fat fraction (FF) periclavicular adipose tissue. Partial volume and multi-peak transverse relaxation effects are explored. RESULTS The simulation results demonstrate accurate NDB, NMIDB, and water T1 estimates across a range of NDB, NMIDB, and T1 values. In phantoms, the proposed method's estimates of NDB and NMIDB correlate with those from MR spectroscopy (Pearson correlation ≥0.98), while the water T1 estimates are concordant with a standard phantom. The NDB and NMIDB are sensitive to partial volumes of water, showing increasing bias at FF < 40%. This bias is found to be due to noise and transverse relaxation effects. The in vivo periclavicular adipose tissue has high FF (>90%). The adipose tissue NDB and NMIDB, and muscle T1 estimates are comparable to those reported in the literature. CONCLUSION Robust estimation of NDB, NMIDB at high FF and water T1 across a broad range of FFs are feasible using the proposed methods. Further reduction of noise and model bias are needed to employ the proposed technique in low FF anatomies and pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ostenson
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America; Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America.
| | - Ryan K Robison
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America; Philips, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Bruce M Damon
- Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America; Carle Clinical Imaging Research Program, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Health, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Department of Bioengineering and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yan SY, Yang YW, Jiang XY, Hu S, Su YY, Yao H, Hu CH. Fat quantification: Imaging methods and clinical applications in cancer. Eur J Radiol 2023; 164:110851. [PMID: 37148843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the study of the relationship between lipid metabolism and cancer has evolved. The characteristics of intratumoral and peritumoral fat are distinct and changeable during cancer development. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue are also associated with cancer prognosis. In non-invasive imaging, fat quantification parameters such as controlled attenuation parameter, fat volume fraction, and proton density fat fraction from different imaging methods complement conventional images by providing concrete fat information. Therefore, measuring the changes of fat content for further understanding of cancer characteristics has been applied in both research and clinical settings. In this review, the authors summarize imaging advances in fat quantification and highlight their clinical applications in cancer precaution, auxiliary diagnosis and classification, therapy response monitoring, and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suo Yu Yan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Yi Wen Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Xin Yu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Su Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China
| | - Yun Yan Su
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
| | - Chun Hong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital to Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Malki GJ, Goyal NP, Ugalde-Nicalo P, Chun LF, Zhang J, Ding Z, Wei Y, Knott C, Batakis D, Henderson W, Sirlin CB, Middleton MS, Schwimmer JB. Association of Hepatic Steatosis with Adipose and Muscle Mass and Distribution in Children. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:222-230. [PMID: 37083405 PMCID: PMC10181799 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pediatric studies have shown associations between hepatic steatosis and total body fat, visceral fat, and lean mass. However, these associations have not been assessed simultaneously, leaving their relative importance unknown. Objective: To evaluate associations between hepatic steatosis and total-body adiposity, visceral adiposity, and lean mass in children. Method: In children at risk for fatty liver, hepatic steatosis, adipose, and lean mass were estimated with magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Two hundred twenty-seven children with mean age 12.1 years had mean percent body fat of 38.9% and mean liver fat of 8.4%. Liver fat was positively associated with total-body adiposity, visceral adiposity, and lean mass (P < 0.001), and negatively associated with lean mass percentage (P < 0.001). After weight adjustment, liver fat was only positively associated with measures of central adiposity (P < 0.001). Visceral adiposity also had the strongest association with liver fat (P < 0.001). Conclusions: In children, hepatic steatosis is more strongly associated with visceral adiposity than total adiposity, and the association of lean mass is not independent of weight or fat mass. These relationships may help guide the choice of future interventions to target hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghattas J Malki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nidhi P Goyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Lauren F Chun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jasen Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ziyi Ding
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yingjia Wei
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of California San Diego Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Knott
- Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Danielle Batakis
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Walter Henderson
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael S Middleton
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Schwimmer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Triay Bagur A, McClymont D, Hutton C, Borghetto A, Gyngell ML, Aljabar P, Robson MD, Brady M, Bulte DP. Estimation of field inhomogeneity map following magnitude-based ambiguity-resolved water-fat separation. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 97:102-111. [PMID: 36632946 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnitude-based PDFF (Proton Density Fat Fraction) and R2∗ mapping with resolved water-fat ambiguity is extended to calculate field inhomogeneity (field map) using the phase images. The estimation is formulated in matrix form, resolving the field map in a least-squares sense. PDFF and R2∗ from magnitude fitting may be updated using the estimated field maps. The limits of quantification of our voxel-independent implementation were assessed. Bland-Altman was used to compare PDFF and field maps from our method against a reference complex-based method on 152 UK Biobank subjects (1.5 T Siemens). A separate acquisition (3 T Siemens) presenting field inhomogeneities was also used. The proposed field mapping was accurate beyond double the complex-based limit range. High agreement was obtained between the proposed method and the reference in UK. Robust field mapping was observed at 3 T, for inhomogeneities over 400 Hz including rapid variation across edges. Field mapping following unambiguous magnitude-based water-fat separation was demonstrated in-vivo and showed potential at 3 T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Triay Bagur
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Perspectum Ltd, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel P Bulte
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fortier V, Levesque IR. MR-oximetry with fat DESPOT. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 97:112-121. [PMID: 36608912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The R1 relaxation rate of fat is a promising marker of tissue oxygenation. Existing techniques to map fat R1 in MR-oximetry offer limited spatial coverage, require long scan times, or pulse sequences that are not readily available on clinical scanners. This work addresses these limitations with a 3D voxel-wise fat R1 mapping technique for MR-oximetry based on a variable flip angle (VFA) approach at 3 T. METHODS Varying levels of dissolved oxygen (O2) were generated in a phantom consisting of vials of safflower oil emulsion, used to approximate human fat. Joint voxel-wise mapping of fat and water R1 was performed with a two-compartment VFA model fitted to multi-echo gradient-echo magnitude data acquired at four flip angles, referred to as Fat DESPOT. Global R1 was also calculated. Variations of fat, water, and global R1 were investigated as a function of the partial pressure of O2 (pO2). Inversion-prepared stimulated echo magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used as the reference technique for R1 measurements. RESULTS Fat R1 from Fat DESPOT was more sensitive than water R1 and global R1 to variations in pO2, consistent with previous studies performed with different R1 mapping techniques. Fat R1 sensitivity to pO2 variations with Fat DESPOT (median O2 relaxivity r1, O2 = 1.57× 10-3 s-1 mmHg-1) was comparable to spectroscopy-based measurements for methylene, the main fat resonance (median r1, O2= 1.80 × 10-3 s-1 mmHg-1). CONCLUSION Fat and water R1 can be measured on a voxel-wise basis using a two-component fit to multi-echo 3D VFA magnitude data in a clinically acceptable scan time. Fat and water R1 measured with Fat DESPOT were sensitive to variations in pO2. These observations suggest an approach to 3D in vivo MR oximetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Fortier
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Medical Imaging, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ives R Levesque
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lavin B, Eykyn TR, Phinikaridou A, Xavier A, Kumar S, Buqué X, Aspichueta P, Sing-Long C, Arrese M, Botnar RM, Andia ME. Characterization of hepatic fatty acids using magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the assessment of treatment response to metformin in an eNOS -/- mouse model of metabolic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023:e4932. [PMID: 36940044 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis and staging of disease. There is a clinical need for noninvasive diagnostic tools for risk stratification, follow-up, and monitoring treatment response that are currently lacking, as well as preclinical models that recapitulate the etiology of the human condition. We have characterized the progression of NAFLD in eNOS-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) using noninvasive Dixon-based magnetic resonance imaging and single voxel STEAM spectroscopy-based protocols to measure liver fat fraction at 3 T. After 8 weeks of diet intervention, eNOS-/- mice exhibited significant accumulation of intra-abdominal and liver fat compared with control mice. Liver fat fraction measured by 1 H-MRS in vivo showed a good correlation with the NAFLD activity score measured by histology. Treatment of HFD-fed NOS3-/- mice with metformin showed significantly reduced liver fat fraction and altered hepatic lipidomic profile compared with untreated mice. Our results show the potential of in vivo liver MRI and 1 H-MRS to noninvasively diagnose and stage the progression of NAFLD and to monitor treatment response in an eNOS-/- murine model that represents the classic NAFLD phenotype associated with metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aline Xavier
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shravan Kumar
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xabier Buqué
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Nursing, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vizcaya, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Nursing, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Vizcaya, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- CIBER de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Carlos Sing-Long
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
- School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
- School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo E Andia
- ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine and Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Boehm C, Schlaeger S, Meineke J, Weiss K, Makowski MR, Karampinos DC. On the water-fat in-phase assumption for quantitative susceptibility mapping. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1068-1082. [PMID: 36321543 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To (a) define multi-peak fat model-based effective in-phase echo times for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in water-fat regions, (b) analyze the relationship between fat fraction, field map quantification bias and susceptibility bias, and (c) evaluate the susceptibility mapping performance of the proposed effective in-phase echoes in comparison to single-peak in-phase echoes and water-fat separation for regions where both water and fat are present. METHODS Effective multipeak in-phase echo times for a bone marrow and a liver fat spectral model were derived from a single voxel simulation. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to assess the field map estimation error as a function of fat fraction for the different in-phase echoes. Additionally, a phantom scan and in vivo scans in the liver, spine, and breast were performed and evaluated with respect to quantification accuracy. RESULTS The use of single-peak in-phase echoes can introduce a worst-case susceptibility bias of 0.43 $$ 0.43 $$ ppm. The use of effective multipeak in-phase echoes shows a similar quantitative performance in the numerical simulation, the phantom and in all in vivo anatomies when compared to water-fat separation-based QSM. CONCLUSION QSM based on the proposed effective multipeak in-phase echoes can alleviate the quantification bias present in QSM based on single-peak in-phase echoes. When compared to water-fat separation-based QSM the proposed effective in-phase echo times achieve a similar quantitative performance while drastically reducing the computational expense for field map estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Boehm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlaeger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Emin S, Oei EHG, Englund M, Peterson P. Imaging‐based assessment of fatty acid composition in human bone marrow adipose tissue at 7 T: Method comparison and in vivo feasibility. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:240-249. [PMID: 37119515 PMCID: PMC7614489 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of chemical shift-encoded imaging of the fatty acid composition (FAC) of human bone marrow adipose tissue at 7 T, and to determine suitable image-acquisition parameters using simulations. METHODS The noise performance of FAC estimation was investigated using simulations with a range of inter-echo time, and accuracy was assessed using a phantom experiment. Furthermore, one knee of 8 knee-healthy subjects (ages 35-54 years) was imaged, and the fractions of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were mapped. Values were compared between reconstruction methods, and between anatomical regions. RESULTS Based on simulations, ΔTE = 0.6 ms was chosen. The phantom experiment demonstrated high accuracy of especially SFA using a constrained reconstruction model (slope = 1.1, average bias = -0.2%). The lowest accuracy was seen for PUFA using a free model (slope = 2.0, average bias = 9.0%). For in vivo images, the constrained model resulted in lower intersubject variation compared with the free model (e.g., in the femoral shaft, the SFA percent-point range was within 1.0% [vs. 3.0%]). Furthermore, significant regional FAC differences were detected. For example, using the constrained approach, the femoral SFA in the medial condyle was lower compared with the shaft (median [range]: 27.9% [27.1%, 28.4%] vs. 32.5% [31.8%, 32.8%]). CONCLUSION Bone marrow adipose tissue FAC quantification using chemical-shift encoding is feasible at 7 T. Both the noise performance and accuracy of the technique are superior using a constrained signal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Emin
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Edwin H. G. Oei
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martin Englund
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Pernilla Peterson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malmö Sweden
- Imaging and Physiology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Calculated Hepatorenal Index for Diagnosing Mild and Moderate Hepatic Steatosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030469. [PMID: 36984470 PMCID: PMC10058464 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate artificial intelligence-calculated hepatorenal index (AI-HRI) as a diagnostic method for hepatic steatosis. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 102 patients with clinically suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). All patients had a quantitative ultrasound (QUS), including AI-HRI, ultrasound attenuation coefficient (AC,) and ultrasound backscatter-distribution coefficient (SC) measurements. The ultrasonographic fatty liver indicator (US-FLI) score was also calculated. The magnetic resonance imaging fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) was the reference to classify patients into four grades of steatosis: none < 5%, mild 5–10%, moderate 10–20%, and severe ≥ 20%. We compared AI-HRI between steatosis grades and calculated Spearman’s correlation (rs) between the methods. We determined the agreement between AI-HRI by two examiners using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 68 cases. We performed a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to estimate the area under the curve (AUC) for AI-HRI. Results: The mean AI-HRI was 2.27 (standard deviation, ±0.96) in the patient cohort. The AI-HRI was significantly different between groups without (1.480 ± 0.607, p < 0.003) and with mild steatosis (2.155 ± 0.776), as well as between mild and moderate steatosis (2.777 ± 0.923, p < 0.018). AI-HRI showed moderate correlation with AC (rs = 0.597), SC (rs = 0.473), US-FLI (rs = 0.5), and MRI-PDFF (rs = 0.528). The agreement in AI-HRI was good between the two examiners (ICC = 0.635, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.411–0.774, p < 0.001). The AI-HRI could detect mild steatosis (AUC = 0.758, 95% CI = 0.621–0.894) with fair and moderate/severe steatosis (AUC = 0.803, 95% CI = 0.721–0.885) with good accuracy. However, the performance of AI-HRI was not significantly different (p < 0.578) between the two diagnostic tasks. Conclusions: AI-HRI is an easy-to-use, reproducible, and accurate QUS method for diagnosing mild and moderate hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Le Bihan D, Bowen C, Clarke S. Diffusion-Based Virtual MR Elastography in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:648-649. [PMID: 35733224 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Le Bihan
- NeuroSpin, Joliot Institute, Bât 145, CEA-Saclay Center, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chris Bowen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sharon Clarke
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Brinker EJ, Towns TJ, Watanabe R, Ma X, Bashir A, Cole RC, Wang X, Graff EC. Direct activation of the fibroblast growth factor-21 pathway in overweight and obese cats. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1072680. [PMID: 36756310 PMCID: PMC9900002 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1072680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline obesity is common, afflicting ~25-40% of domestic cats. Obese cats are predisposed to many metabolic dyscrasias, such as insulin resistance, altered blood lipids, and feline hepatic lipidosis. Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that mediates the fat-liver axis, and in humans and animals, FGF21 can ameliorate insulin resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. Activation of the FGF21 pathway may have therapeutic benefits for obese cats. Methods In this preliminary cross-sectional study, ad libitum fed, purpose-bred, male-neutered, 6-year-old, obese and overweight cats were administered either 10 mg/kg/day of an FGF21 mimetic (FGF21; n = 4) or saline (control; n = 3) for 14 days. Body weight, food, and water intake were quantified daily during and 2 weeks following treatment. Changes in metabolic and liver parameters, intrahepatic triglyceride content, liver elasticity, and gut microbiota were evaluated. Results Treatment with FGF21 resulted in significant weight loss (~5.93%) compared to control and a trend toward decreased intrahepatic triglyceride content. Cats treated with FGF21 had decreased serum alkaline phosphatase. No significant changes were noted in liver elasticity, serum, liver, or metabolic parameters, or gut microbiome composition. Discussion In obese and overweight cats, activation of the FGF21 pathway can safely induce weight loss with trends to improve liver lipid content. This exploratory study is the first to evaluate the FGF21 pathway in cats. Manipulation of the FGF21 pathway has promising potential as a therapeutic for feline obesity. Further studies are needed to see if FGF21-pathway manipulation can be therapeutic for feline hepatic lipidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Brinker
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States,Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - T. Jordan Towns
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States,Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rie Watanabe
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Xiaolei Ma
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Adil Bashir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Robert C. Cole
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States,Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States,Center for Advanced Science, Innovation and Commerce, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn, AL, United States,HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States
| | - Emily C. Graff
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States,Scott Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States,*Correspondence: Emily C. Graff ✉
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Roberts NT, Tamada D, Muslu Y, Hernando D, Reeder SB. Confounder-corrected T 1 mapping in the liver through simultaneous estimation of T 1 , PDFF, R 2 * , and B 1 + in a single breath-hold acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:2186-2203. [PMID: 36656152 PMCID: PMC10139739 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative volumetric T1 mapping in the liver has the potential to aid in the detection, diagnosis, and quantification of liver fibrosis, inflammation, and spatially resolved liver function. However, accurate measurement of hepatic T1 is confounded by the presence of fat and inhomogeneous B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ excitation. Furthermore, scan time constraints related to respiratory motion require tradeoffs of reduced volumetric coverage and/or increased acquisition time. This work presents a novel 3D acquisition and estimation method for confounder-corrected T1 measurement over the entire liver within a single breath-hold through simultaneous estimation of T1 , fat and B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ . THEORY AND METHODS The proposed method combines chemical shift encoded MRI and variable flip angle MRI with a B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ mapping technique to enable confounder-corrected T1 mapping. The method was evaluated theoretically and demonstrated in both phantom and in vivo acquisitions at 1.5 and 3.0T. At 1.5T, the method was evaluated both pre- and post- contrast enhancement in healthy volunteers. RESULTS The proposed method demonstrated excellent linear agreement with reference inversion-recovery spin-echo based T1 in phantom acquisitions at both 1.5 and 3.0T, with minimal bias (5.2 and 45 ms, respectively) over T1 ranging from 200-1200 ms. In vivo results were in general agreement with reference saturation-recovery based 2D T1 maps (SMART1 Map, GE Healthcare). CONCLUSION The proposed 3D T1 mapping method accounts for fat and B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ confounders through simultaneous estimation of T1 , B 1 + $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ , PDFF and R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ . It demonstrates strong linear agreement with reference T1 measurements, with low bias and high precision, and can achieve full liver coverage in a single breath-hold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Roberts
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daiki Tamada
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Yavuz Muslu
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Karlsson M, Indurain A, Romu T, Tunon P, Segelmark M, Uhlin F, Fernström A, Leinhard OD. Assessing Tissue Hydration Dynamics Based on Water/Fat Separated MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023. [PMID: 36591977 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal fluid status is an important issue in hemodialysis. Clinical evaluation of volume status and different diagnostic tools are used to determine hydration status in these patients. However, there is still no accurate method for this assessment. PURPOSE To propose and evaluate relative lean water signal (LWSrel ) as a water-fat MRI-based tissue hydration measurement. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A total of 16 healthy subjects (56 ± 6 years, 0 male) and 11 dialysis patients (60.3 ± 12.3 years, 9 male; dialysis time per week 15 ± 3.5 hours, dialysis duration 31.4 ± 27.9 months). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3 T; 3D spoiled gradient echo. ASSESSMENT LWSrel , a measurement of the water concentration of tissue, was estimated from fat-referenced MR images. Segmentations of total adipose tissue as well as thigh and calf muscles were used to measure LWSrel and tissue volumes. LWSrel was compared between healthy subjects and dialysis patients, the latter before and after dialysis. Bioimpedance-based body composition monitor over hydration (BCM OH) was also measured. STATISTICAL TESTS T-tests were used to compare differences between the healthy subjects and dialysis patients, as well as changes between before and after dialysis. Pearson correlation was calculated between MRI and non-MRI biomarkers. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The LWSrel in adipose tissue was significantly higher in the dialysis cohort compared with the healthy cohort (246.8% ± 60.0% vs. 100.0% ± 10.8%) and decreased significantly after dialysis (246.8 ± 60.0% vs. 233.8 ± 63.4%). Thigh and calf muscle volumes also significantly decreased by 3.78% ± 1.73% and 2.02% ± 2.50% after dialysis. There was a significant correlation between changes in adipose tissue LWSrel and ultrafiltration volume (r = 87), as well as with BCM OH (r = 0.66). DATA CONCLUSION MRI-based LWSrel and tissue volume measurements are sensitive to tissue hydration changes occurring during dialysis. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ainhoa Indurain
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Nephrology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thobias Romu
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Mårten Segelmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Nephrology Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Uhlin
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Nephrology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anders Fernström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Nephrology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard
- AMRA Medical AB, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dong Y, Riedel M, Koolstra K, van Osch MJP, Börnert P. Water/fat separation for self-navigated diffusion-weighted multishot echo-planar imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4822. [PMID: 36031585 PMCID: PMC10078174 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a self-navigation strategy to improve scan efficiency and image quality of water/fat-separated, diffusion-weighted multishot echo-planar imaging (ms-EPI). This is accomplished by acquiring chemical shift-encoded diffusion-weighted data and using an appropriate water-fat and diffusion-encoded signal model to enable reconstruction directly from k-space data. Multishot EPI provides reduced geometric distortion and improved signal-to-noise ratio in diffusion-weighted imaging compared with single-shot approaches. Multishot acquisitions require corrections for physiological motion-induced shot-to-shot phase errors using either extra navigators or self-navigation principles. In addition, proper fat suppression is important, especially in regions with large B0 inhomogeneity. This makes the use of chemical shift encoding attractive. However, when combined with ms-EPI, shot-to-shot phase navigation can be challenging because of the spatial displacement of fat signals along the phase-encoding direction. In this work, a new model-based, self-navigated water/fat separation reconstruction algorithm is proposed. Experiments in legs and in the head-neck region of 10 subjects were performed to validate the algorithm. The results are compared with an image-based, two-dimensional (2D) navigated water/fat separation approach for ms-EPI and with a conventional fat saturation approach. Compared with the 2D navigated method, the use of self-navigation reduced the shot duration time by 30%-35%. The proposed algorithm provided improved diffusion-weighted water images in both leg and head-neck regions compared with the 2D navigator-based approach. The proposed algorithm also produced better fat suppression compared with the conventional fat saturation technique in the B0 inhomogeneous regions. In conclusion, the proposed self-navigated reconstruction algorithm can produce superior water-only diffusion-weighted EPI images with less artefacts compared with the existing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Dong
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Malte Riedel
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kirsten Koolstra
- Division of Image Processing, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthias J. P. van Osch
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Börnert
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Philips Research HamburgHamburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sim KC, Kim MJ, Cho Y, Kim HJ, Park BJ, Sung DJ, Han NY, Han YE, Kim TH, Lee YJ. Radiomics Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Proton Density Fat Fraction for the Diagnosis of Hepatic Steatosis in Patients With Suspected Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e339. [PMID: 36536543 PMCID: PMC9763710 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the diagnostic feasibility of radiomics analysis based on magnetic resonance (MR)-proton density fat fraction (PDFF) for grading hepatic steatosis in patients with suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS This retrospective study included 106 patients with suspected NAFLD who underwent a hepatic parenchymal biopsy. MR-PDFF and MR spectroscopy were performed on all patients using a 3.0-T scanner. Following whole-volume segmentation of the MR-PDFF images, 833 radiomic features were analyzed using a commercial program. Radiologic features were analyzed, including median and mean values of the multiple regions of interest and variable clinical features. A random forest regressor was used to extract the important radiomic, radiologic, and clinical features. The model was trained using 20 repeated 10-fold cross-validations to classify the NAFLD steatosis grade. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was evaluated using a classifier to diagnose steatosis grades. RESULTS The levels of pathological hepatic steatosis were classified as low-grade steatosis (grade, 0-1; n = 82) and high-grade steatosis (grade, 2-3; n = 24). Fifteen important features were extracted from the radiomic analysis, with the three most important being wavelet-LLL neighboring gray tone difference matrix coarseness, original first-order mean, and 90th percentile. The MR spectroscopy mean value was extracted as a more important feature than the MR-PDFF mean or median in radiologic measures. Alanine aminotransferase has been identified as the most important clinical feature. The AUROC of the classifier using radiomics was comparable to that of radiologic measures (0.94 ± 0.09 and 0.96 ± 0.08, respectively). CONCLUSION MR-PDFF-derived radiomics may provide a comparable alternative for grading hepatic steatosis in patients with suspected NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Choon Sim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yongwon Cho
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- AI Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Jin Park
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deuk Jae Sung
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Yeon Han
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeo Eun Han
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Kim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Trinh L, Stenkula KG, Olsson LE, Svensson J, Peterson P, Bennet L, Månsson S. Favorable fatty acid composition in adipose tissue in healthy Iraqi- compared to Swedish-born men - a pilot study using MRI assessment. Adipocyte 2022; 11:153-163. [PMID: 35291924 PMCID: PMC8928862 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2042963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Middle Eastern immigrants are at high-risk for insulin resistance. Fatty acid composition (FAC) plays an important role in the development of insulin resistance but has not been investigated in people of Middle Eastern ancestry. Here, the aim was to assess the FAC in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) in healthy Iraqi- and Swedish-born men using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method.This case-control study included 23 Iraqi- and 15 Swedish-born middle-aged men, without cardiometabolic disease. Using multi-echo MRI of the abdomen, the fractions of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (fSFA, fMUFA, and fPUFA) were estimated in VAT and SAT. SAT was further analyzed in deep and superficial compartments (dSAT and sSAT). In all depots, fPUFA was significantly higher and fSFA significantly lower in Iraqi men, independently of age and BMI. In both Iraqi- and Swedish-born men, higher fPUFA and lower fMUFA were found in sSAT vs. dSAT. Among Iraqi men only, higher fPUFA and lower fMUFA were found in SAT vs. VAT.Iraqi-born men presented a more favorable abdominal FAC compared to Swedish-born men. This MRI method also revealed different FACs in different abdominal depots. Our results may reflect a beneficial FAC in Middle Eastern immigrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Trinh
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars E Olsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Svensson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Peterson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Louise Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Research and Trial Centre, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sven Månsson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hanniman E, Costa AF, Bowen CV, Abdolell M, Stueck A, McLeod M, Peltekian K, Rioux J, Clarke SE. Prospective Evaluation of Virtual MR Elastography With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:1448-1456. [PMID: 35285996 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly common worldwide and can lead to the development of cirrhosis, liver failure and cancer. Virtual magnetic resonance elastography (VMRE), which is based on a shifted apparent diffusion coefficient (sADC), is a potential noninvasive method to assess liver fibrosis without the specialized hardware and expertise required to implement traditional MR elastography (MRE). Although hepatic steatosis is known to confound ADC measurements, previous studies using VMRE have not corrected for hepatic fat fraction. PURPOSE To compare VMRE, corrected for the confounding effects of unsuppressed fat signal, to MRE and biopsy in subjects with suspected NAFLD. STUDY TYPE Prospective, cross-sectional. POPULATION A total of 49 adult subjects with suspected NAFLD (18 male; median age 55 years, range 33-74 years) who underwent liver biopsy. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T, diffusion-weighted spin echo planar, chemical-shift encoded (IDEAL IQ) and MRE sequences. ASSESSMENT Two observers drew regions of interest on sADC, proton density fat fraction and MRE-derived stiffness maps. Fat-corrected sADC values were used to calculate the diffusion-based shear modulus according to the VMRE method. Predicted fibrosis stage for MRE and VMRE was determined using previously published cut-off values. STATISTICAL TESTS The relationship between VMRE and MRE was assessed with least-squares linear regression (coefficient of determination, R2 ). Agreement between MRE and VMRE-predicted fibrosis stage was evaluated with a kappa coefficient and accuracy compared using McNemar's test. A one-way ANOVA determined if the fat-corrected sADC (VMRE) and MRE differed by fibrosis stage. A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Least squares regression of VMRE vs. MRE revealed R2 = 0.046 and a slope that was not significantly different from zero (P = 0.14). There was no agreement between MRE and VMRE-predicted fibrosis stage (kappa = -0.01). The proportion of correctly predicted fibrosis stage was significantly higher for MRE compared to VMRE. MRE was significantly associated with fibrosis stage, but fat-corrected sADC was not (P = 0.24). DATA CONCLUSION Fat-corrected VMRE was not associated with fibrosis stage in NAFLD. Further investigation is required if VMRE is to be considered in subjects with NAFLD. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyisha Hanniman
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Andreu F Costa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Chris V Bowen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Mohamed Abdolell
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Ashley Stueck
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Magnus McLeod
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kevork Peltekian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Care and Endoscopy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - James Rioux
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Sharon E Clarke
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lévy S, Herrler J, Liebert A, Tkotz K, Fabian MS, Eisen C, Grodzki D, Uder M, Dörfler A, Zaiss M, Nagel AM. Clinically compatible subject-specific dynamic parallel transmit pulse design for homogeneous fat saturation and water-excitation at 141657T: Proof-of-concept for 14165CEST MRI of the brain. Magn Reson Med 2022; 89:77-94. [PMID: 36128895 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the benefits and challenges of dynamic parallel transmit (pTx) pulses for fat saturation (FS) and water-excitation (WE), in the context of CEST MRI. METHODS "Universal" kT -points (for FS) and spiral non-selective (for WE) trajectories were optimized offline for flip angle (FA) homogeneity. Routines to optimize the pulse shape online, based on the subject's fields maps, were implemented (target FA of 110°/0° for FS, 0°/5° for WE at fat/water frequencies). The pulses were inserted in a CEST sequence with a pTx readout. The different fat suppression schemes and their effects on CEST contrasts were compared in 12 volunteers at 7T. RESULTS With a 25%-shorter pulse duration, pTx FS largely improved the FA homogeneity (root-mean-square-error (RMSE) = 12.3° vs. 53.4° with circularly-polarized mode, at the fat frequency). However, the spectral selectivity was degraded mainly in the cerebellum and close to the sinuses (RMSE = 5.8° vs. 0.2° at the water frequency). Similarly, pTx WE showed a trade-off between FA homogeneity and spectral selectivity compared to pTx non-selective pulses (RMSE = 0.9° and 1.1° at the fat and water frequencies, vs. 4.6° and 0.5°). In the brain, CEST metrics were reduced by up to 31.9% at -3.3 ppm with pTx FS, suggesting a mitigated lipid-induced bias. CONCLUSION This clinically compatible implementation of dynamic pTx pulses improved the fat suppression homogeneity at 7T taking into account the subject-specific B0 heterogeneities online. This study highlights the lipid-induced biases on the CEST z-spectrum. The results are promising for body applications where B0 heterogeneities and fat are more substantial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lévy
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Herrler
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrzej Liebert
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Tkotz
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz S Fabian
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Eisen
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Grodzki
- MR Application Predevelopment, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Dörfler
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Institute of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center, Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|