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Watts EL, Moore SC, Gunter MJ, Chatterjee N. Adiposity and cancer: meta-analysis, mechanisms, and future perspectives. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.16.24302944. [PMID: 38405761 PMCID: PMC10889047 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.24302944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a recognised risk factor for many cancers and with rising global prevalence, has become a leading cause of cancer. Here we summarise the current evidence from both population-based epidemiologic investigations and experimental studies on the role of obesity in cancer development. This review presents a new meta-analysis using data from 40 million individuals and reports positive associations with 19 cancer types. Utilising major new data from East Asia, the meta-analysis also shows that the strength of obesity and cancer associations varies regionally, with stronger relative risks for several cancers in East Asia. This review also presents current evidence on the mechanisms linking obesity and cancer and identifies promising future research directions. These include the use of new imaging data to circumvent the methodological issues involved with body mass index and the use of omics technologies to resolve biologic mechanisms with greater precision and clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L Watts
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Shady Grove, MD, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Shady Grove, MD, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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2
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Santos-Pereira M, Pereira SC, Rebelo I, Spadella MA, Oliveira PF, Alves MG. Decoding the Influence of Obesity on Prostate Cancer and Its Transgenerational Impact. Nutrients 2023; 15:4858. [PMID: 38068717 PMCID: PMC10707940 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the escalating prevalence of metabolic disorders, notably obesity and being overweight, has emerged as a pressing concern in public health. Projections for the future indicate a continual upward trajectory in obesity rates, primarily attributable to unhealthy dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles. The ramifications of obesity extend beyond its visible manifestations, intricately weaving a web of hormonal dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress. This nexus of factors holds particular significance in the context of carcinogenesis, notably in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), which is a pervasive malignancy and a leading cause of mortality among men. A compelling hypothesis arises from the perspective of transgenerational inheritance, wherein genetic and epigenetic imprints associated with obesity may wield influence over the development of PCa. This review proposes a comprehensive exploration of the nuanced mechanisms through which obesity disrupts prostate homeostasis and serves as a catalyst for PCa initiation. Additionally, it delves into the intriguing interplay between the transgenerational transmission of both obesity-related traits and the predisposition to PCa. Drawing insights from a spectrum of sources, ranging from in vitro and animal model research to human studies, this review endeavors to discuss the intricate connections between obesity and PCa. However, the landscape remains partially obscured as the current state of knowledge unveils only fragments of the complex mechanisms linking these phenomena. As research advances, unraveling the associated factors and underlying mechanisms promises to unveil novel avenues for understanding and potentially mitigating the nexus between obesity and the development of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos-Pereira
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Pereira
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biologic Sciences, Pharmaceutical Faculty, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria A. Spadella
- Human Embryology Laboratory, Marília Medical School, Marília 17519-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitario de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Marco G. Alves
- iBiMED-Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Medical Science, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Deng Z, Hajihosseini M, Moore JX, Khan S, Graff RE, Bondy ML, Chung BI, Langston ME. Lifetime Body Weight Trajectories and Risk of Renal Cell Cancer: A Large U.S. Prospective Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1651-1659. [PMID: 37624040 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for renal cell cancer (RCC), but data are limited as to the effect of lifetime exposure to excess body weight. METHODS Using the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (N = 138,614, 527 incident RCCs), we identified several anthropometric measures to capture the lifetime BMI patterns: (i) BMI at specific ages; (ii) adulthood BMI trajectories; (iii) cumulative exposure to overweight/obesity denoted as weighted years of living overweight/obese (WYO); and (iv) weight change during each age span. We conducted multivariable Cox model to quantify the association between each anthropometric metric and incident RCC. RESULTS A higher BMI at ages 20 and 50 and at baseline was associated with a greater hazard of RCC. Compared with individuals who retained normal BMI throughout adulthood, we observed an increased hazard of RCC for BMI trajectory of progressing from normal BMI to overweight [HR, 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-1.87], from normal BMI to obesity (HR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.70-2.90), and from overweight to obesity (HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.81-4.27). Compared with individuals who were never overweight (WYO = 0), elevated HRs were observed among individuals who experienced low (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.99-1.74), medium (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.20-2.05), and high (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.62-2.72) WYO tertile. Weight gain of ≥10 kg was associated with increased RCC incidence for each age span. CONCLUSIONS Across the lifespan, being overweight/obese, weight gain, and higher cumulative exposure to excess weight were all associated with increased RCC risk. IMPACT It is important to avoid weight gain and assess BMI from a life-course perspective to reduce RCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Deng
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Morteza Hajihosseini
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Justin X Moore
- Center for Health Equity Transformation, Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Saira Khan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Benjamin I Chung
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Marvin E Langston
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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4
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Makiel K, Suder A, Targosz A, Maciejczyk M, Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Haim A. Impact of Two Types of Exercise Interventions on Leptin and Omentin Concentrations and Indicators of Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082822. [PMID: 37109160 PMCID: PMC10144374 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin (LEP) and omentin (OMEN) are proteins whose concentrations change with the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). There are few intervention studies using various forms of physical activity in people with MetS that aim to determine the impact of physical exercise on the fluctuations of the presented hormones, and their results are contradictory. The present study aimed to examine the effect of two types of exercise intervention on LEP and OMEN concentrations and indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in males with MetS. The study included 62 males with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, body mass 110.31 ± 17.37 kg), randomly allocated to EG1, the examined group with aerobic training (n = 21); EG2, the examined group with combined aerobic and resistance training (n = 21), both for 12 weeks, and the control group (CG) without interventions (n = 20). Anthropometric measurements, body composition (body fat [BF], android body fat [ANDR]), as well as a biochemical blood analysis (omentin [OMEN], leptin [LEP], quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and nonHDL-C) were performed at baseline, and at 6 and 12 weeks of interventions and after 4 weeks after ending intervention (follow-up). Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were performed. In the intervention groups EG1 and EG2, a decrease in BF was observed as well as an improvement in carbohydrate metabolism parameters. In the EG1 group, the level of ANDR was reduced. In EG2 a decrease in LEP concentration between measurements was confirmed. However, no significant changes were found in the concentration of OMEN in any groups. Combined aerobic and resistance exercises led to a higher reduction of LEP concentration than applying only aerobic training in males with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Makiel
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Suder
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka Str. 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland
| | - Alon Haim
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology and Diabetes, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 653, Israel
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 151, Israel
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5
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Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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6
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Plasma concentration of Bisphenol A and leptin in patients with meningioma and glioma: A pilot study. Adv Med Sci 2022; 67:229-233. [PMID: 35594764 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent increase in incidence of meningiomas suggests the need to search for new risk factors. Leptin, a potentially pro-angiogenic and proliferative agent, could be a candidate for this role, as its expression correlates with body mass index (BMI). Because development of meningioma has also been linked to sex hormones, bisphenol A (BPA), a known xenoestrogen, can also be taken into consideration as a potential risk factor. The aim of this study was to determine plasma concentrations of both substances in patients with meningiomas and to match it to patients with gliomas - a group of brain tumors less hormone- and BMI-dependent. MATERIALS & METHODS Concentrations of BPA and leptin were measured in plasma of 24 patients with low grade meningioma and in 29 patients with glioma, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ELISA kits, respectively. The concentrations of both substances in patients with neoplasms were interpreted in relation to their concentration in healthy population, published in recent reports. RESULTS Free and conjugated BPA were present in both meningioma and glioma patients. Moreover, their concentrations far exceeded those reported in the healthy population. Nevertheless, the level of leptin revealed to be significantly higher in meningioma patients than in glioma patients. CONCLUSIONS Occurrence of both meningioma and glioma may be accompanied by increased concentrations of leptin and BPA. Further large-scale studies are needed to clarify whether the presence of both substances may play a role in pathogenesis or influence clinical course in patients with brain neoplasms.
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Mihalopoulos M, Yaghoubian A, Razdan S, Khusid JA, Mehrazin R, Badani KK, Sfakianos JP, Atallah WM, Tewari AK, Wiklund P, Gupta M, Kyprianou N. Understanding the link between kidney stones and cancers of the upper urinary tract and bladder. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:277-298. [PMID: 36313208 PMCID: PMC9605942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Kidney stones are one of the most common renal pathologies. While emerging evidence has implicated a potential association between kidney stones and upper urinary tract cancers (including renal cancer), there is limited understanding as to the common underlying biological pathways functionally linking the etiology of kidney stone formation and the incidence, development, and progression of urinary tract cancers. From a clinical perspective, kidney stone disease can be a barrier to oncologic care due to renal obstruction. From the epidemiological perspective, risk factors associated with both conditions include smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and gender. Herein, we review the association between renal calculi and malignancy of the upper urinary tract and discuss the current understanding of (a) potential shared mechanisms, and (b) the impact this has on shared therapeutic management of both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Mihalopoulos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alan Yaghoubian
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Shirin Razdan
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Johnathan A Khusid
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Reza Mehrazin
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ketan K Badani
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John P Sfakianos
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - William M Atallah
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ashutosh K Tewari
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Peter Wiklund
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mantu Gupta
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY 10029, USA
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8
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Bobulescu IA, Pop LM, Mani C, Turner K, Rivera C, Khatoon S, Kairamkonda S, Hannan R, Palle K. Renal Lipid Metabolism Abnormalities in Obesity and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11090608. [PMID: 34564424 PMCID: PMC8470169 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most common and deadly type of cancer affecting the kidney, and is characterized histologically by large intracellular lipid deposits. These deposits are thought to result from lipid metabolic reprogramming occurring in tumor cells, but the exact mechanisms and implications of these metabolic alterations are incompletely understood. Obesity is an independent risk factor for clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and is also associated with lipid accumulation in noncancerous epithelial cells of the proximal tubule, where clear cell renal cell carcinoma originates. This article explores the potential link between obesity-associated renal lipid metabolic disturbances and lipid metabolic reprogramming in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and discusses potential implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Alexandru Bobulescu
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA; (C.M.); (K.T.); (C.R.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (K.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Laurentiu M. Pop
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 79430-6540, USA; (L.M.P.); (R.H.)
| | - Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA; (C.M.); (K.T.); (C.R.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Kala Turner
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA; (C.M.); (K.T.); (C.R.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Christian Rivera
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA; (C.M.); (K.T.); (C.R.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Sabiha Khatoon
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA; (C.M.); (K.T.); (C.R.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Subash Kairamkonda
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA; (C.M.); (K.T.); (C.R.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Raquibul Hannan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 79430-6540, USA; (L.M.P.); (R.H.)
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA; (C.M.); (K.T.); (C.R.); (S.K.); (S.K.); (K.P.)
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA
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9
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Zhou G, Cui J, Xie S, Wan H, Luo Y, Guo G. Vitexin, a fenugreek glycoside, ameliorated obesity-induced diabetic nephropathy via modulation of NF-κB/IkBα and AMPK/ACC pathways in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1183-1193. [PMID: 33704405 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most critical risk factors for diabetes mellitus and plays a significant role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present investigation aimed to evaluate the possible mechanism of action of vitexin on obesity-induced DN in a high-fat diet (HFD)-fed experimental C57BL/6 mice model. Obesity was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by chronic administration of HFD, and mice were concomitantly treated with vitexin (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg, p.o.). HFD-induced increased renal oxido-nitrosative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels were significantly inhibited by vitexin. The Western blot analysis suggested that alteration in renal NF-κB, IκBα, nephrin, AMPK, and ACC phosphorylation levels was effectively restored by vitexin treatment. Histological aberration induced in renal tissue after chronic administration of HFD was also reduced by vitexin. In conclusion, vitexin suppressed the progression of obesity-induced DN via modulation of NF-κB/IkBα and AMPK/ACC pathways in an experimental model of HFD-induced DN in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangju Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiale Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Suhua Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiyan Wan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Jiménez-Cortegana C, López-Saavedra A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Pérez-Pérez A, Castiñeiras J, Virizuela-Echaburu JA, de la Cruz-Merino L, Sánchez-Margalet V. Leptin, Both Bad and Good Actor in Cancer. Biomolecules 2021; 11:913. [PMID: 34202969 PMCID: PMC8235379 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an important regulator of basal metabolism and food intake, with a pivotal role in obesity. Leptin exerts many different actions on various tissues and systems, including cancer, and is considered as a linkage between metabolism and the immune system. During the last decades, obesity and leptin have been associated with the initiation, proliferation and progression of many types of cancer. Obesity is also linked with complications and mortality, irrespective of the therapy used, affecting clinical outcomes. However, some evidence has suggested its beneficial role, called the "obesity paradox", and the possible antitumoral role of leptin. Recent data regarding the immunotherapy of cancer have revealed that overweight leads to a more effective response and leptin may probably be involved in this beneficial process. Since leptin is a positive modulator of both the innate and the adaptive immune system, it may contribute to the increased immune response stimulated by immunotherapy in cancer patients and may be proposed as a good actor in cancer. Our purpose is to review this dual role of leptin in cancer, as well as trying to clarify the future perspectives of this adipokine, which further highlights its importance as a cornerstone of the immunometabolism in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Ana López-Saavedra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Flora Sánchez-Jiménez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Jesús Castiñeiras
- Urology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Juan A. Virizuela-Echaburu
- Medical Oncology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.V.-E.); (L.d.l.C.-M.)
| | - Luis de la Cruz-Merino
- Medical Oncology Service, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (J.A.V.-E.); (L.d.l.C.-M.)
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (C.J.-C.); (A.L.-S.); (F.S.-J.); (A.P.-P.)
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11
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Dimou NL, Papadimitriou N, Mariosa D, Johansson M, Brennan P, Peters U, Chanock SJ, Purdue M, Bishop DT, Gago‐Dominquez M, Giles GG, Moreno V, Platz EA, Tangen CM, Wolk A, Zheng W, Wu X, Campbell PT, Giovannucci E, Lin Y, Gunter MJ, Murphy N. Circulating adipokine concentrations and risk of five obesity-related cancers: A Mendelian randomization study. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:1625-1636. [PMID: 33038280 PMCID: PMC7894468 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered a chronic inflammatory state characterized by continued secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Experimental and epidemiological evidence indicates that circulating adipokines may be associated with the development of obesity-related cancers, but it is unclear if these associations are causal or confounded. We examined potential causal associations of specific adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor [sOB-R] and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]) with five obesity-related cancers (colorectal, pancreatic, renal cell carcinoma [RCC], ovarian and endometrial) using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods. We used summary-level data from large genetic consortia for 114 530 cancer cases and 245 284 controls. We constructed genetic instruments using 18 genetic variants for adiponectin, 2 for leptin and 4 for both sOB-R and PAI-1 (P value for inclusion<5 × 10-8 ). Causal estimates were obtained using two-sample MR methods. In the inverse-variance weighted models, we found an inverse association between adiponectin and risk of colorectal cancer (odds ratio per 1 μg/mL increment in adiponectin concentration: 0.90 [95% confidence interval = 0.84-0.97]; P = .01); but, evidence of horizontal pleiotropy was detected and the association was not present when this was taken into consideration. No association was found for adiponectin and risks of pancreatic cancer, RCC, ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Leptin, sOB-R and PAI-1 were also similarly unrelated to risk of obesity-related cancers. Despite the large sample size, our MR analyses do not support causal effects of circulating adiponectin, leptin, sOB-R and PAI-1 concentrations on the development of five obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki L. Dimou
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Nikos Papadimitriou
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Daniela Mariosa
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mark Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | - Manuela Gago‐Dominquez
- Fundación Gallega de Medicina Genómica, Grupo de Genéticadel CáncerInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago IDISComplejo Hospitalario Univ. Santiago‐CHUS, SERGAS, Santiago de CompostelaSpain
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology DivisionCancer Council VictoriaMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Precision MedicineSchool of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics ProgramCatalan Institute of Oncology‐IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER Epidemiología y SaludPública (CIBERESP)MadridSpain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Catherine M. Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Surgical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of EpidemiologyThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Precision Health and Data Science, School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Peter T. Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer SocietyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NutritionT.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Marc J. Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
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12
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Zhou J, Yang Z, Wu X, Zhang J, Zhai W, Chen Y. Identification of genes that correlate clear cell renal cell carcinoma and obesity and exhibit potential prognostic value. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:680-691. [PMID: 33718070 PMCID: PMC7947457 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urologic malignancy. Although the relationship between clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and obesity has been well-established by several large-scale retrospective studies, the molecular mechanisms and genetic characteristics behind this correlation remains unclear. In the current study, several bioinformatics tools were used to identify the key genes in ccRCC related to obesity. Methods Microarray data comparing ccRCC with normal renal tissues in patients with and without obesity were downloaded from the GEO database for screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The DEGs were verified with expression level and survival analysis using several online bioinformatics tools. Results In the current study, the differential expression of five genes correlated with both ccRCC and obesity; IGHA1 and IGKC as oncogenes, and MAOA, MUC20 and TRPM3 as tumor suppressor genes. These genes were verified by comparing the relationship between the expression levels and survival outcomes from open-source data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Conclusions In conclusion, the five genes differentially expressed in ccRCC and obesity are related to disease progression and prognosis, and therefore could provide prognostic value for patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhou
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaolin Yang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Wu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yonghui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Caramujo-Balseiro S, Faro C, Carvalho L. Metabolic pathways in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis: A new proposal. Med Hypotheses 2021; 148:110512. [PMID: 33548761 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Given the reports made about geographical differences in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) occurrence, suggesting a link between dietary habits, genes and cancer risk, we hypothesise that there are four fundamental metabolic pathways involved in diet-genes interactions, directly implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis: folate metabolism; lipid metabolism; oxidative stress response; and inflammatory response. Supporting this hypothesis are the evidence given by the significant associations between several diet-genes polymorphisms and CRC, namely: MTHFR, MTR, MTRR and TS (involved in folate metabolism); NPY, APOA1, APOB, APOC3, APOE, CETP, LPL and PON1 (involved in lipid metabolism); MNSOD, SOD3, CAT, GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 (involved in oxidative stress response); and IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β (involved in inflammatory response). We also highlight the association between some foods/nutrients/nutraceuticals that are important in CRC prevention or treatment and the four metabolic pathways proposed, and the recent results of genome-wide association studies, both assisting our hypothesis. Finally, we propose a new line of investigation with larger studies, using accurate dietary biomarkers and investigating the four metabolic pathways genes simultaneously. This line of investigation will be essential to understand the full complexity of the association between nature and nurture in CRC and perhaps in other types of cancers. Only with this in-depth knowledge will it be possible to make personalised nutrition recommendations for disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Caramujo-Balseiro
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Faro
- Department of Life Sciences - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; UC Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Lina Carvalho
- Institute of Anatomical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine - University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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DNA methylation profiling reveals new potential subtype-specific gene markers for early-stage renal cell carcinoma in caucasian population. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.15302/j-qb-021-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Rysz J, Franczyk B, Ławiński J, Olszewski R, Gluba-Brzózka A. The Role of Metabolic Factors in Renal Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7246. [PMID: 33008076 PMCID: PMC7582927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of evidence indicates that metabolic factors may play an important role in the development and progression of certain types of cancers, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This tumour is the most common kidney cancer which accounts for approximately 3-5% of malignant tumours in adults. Numerous studies indicated that concomitant diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension, as well as obesity, insulin resistance, and lipid disorders, may also influence the prognosis and cancer-specific overall survival. However, the results of studies concerning the impact of metabolic factors on RCC are controversial. It appears that obesity increases the risk of RCC development; however, it may be a favourable factor in terms of prognosis. Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance and the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T) since the adipocytes in visceral tissue secrete substances responsible for insulin resistance, e.g., free fatty acids. Interactions between insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system appear to be of key importance in the development and progression of RCC; however, the exact role of insulin and IGFs in RCC pathophysiology remains elusive. Studies indicated that diabetes increased the risk of RCC, but it might not alter cancer-related survival. The risk associated with a lipid profile is most mysterious, as numerous studies provided conflicting results. Even though large studies unravelling pathomechanisms involved in cancer growth are required to finally establish the impact of metabolic factors on the development, progression, and prognosis of renal cancers, it seems that the monitoring of health conditions, such as diabetes, low body mass index (BMI), and lipid disorders is of high importance in clear-cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Janusz Ławiński
- Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Robert Olszewski
- Department of Gerontology, Public Health and Education, National Institute of Geriatrics Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
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A Study on the Immunohistochemical Expressions of Leptin and Leptin Receptor in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3682086. [PMID: 32802842 PMCID: PMC7424391 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3682086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The mechanisms that link obesity and cancer development are not well-defined. Investigation of leptin and leptin receptor expressions may help define some of the mechanisms. These proteins are known for associating with the immune response, angiogenesis and, signalling pathways such as JAK2/STAT3, PI3K, and AKT pathways. Tissue proteins can be easily detected with immunohistochemistry (IHC), a technique widely used both in diagnostic and research laboratories. The identification of altered levels of leptin and leptin receptor proteins in tumour tissues may lead to targeted treatment for cancer. Objective The objective of this study was to use IHC to compare leptin and leptin receptor expressions in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) in non-obese and obese patients to determine the association between these proteins with the clinicopathological features and prognosis of ccRCC. Patients and Methods. The study involved 60 patients who underwent nephrectomy of which 34 were obese, as assessed using body mass index (BMI). Nephrectomy samples provided tissues of ccRCC and adjacent non-cancerous kidney. The intensity and localization of leptin and leptin receptor protein expressions were evaluated using IHC and correlated with clinicopathological features and clinical outcomes. Aperio ImageScope morphometry and digital pathology were applied to assess the IHC results. The chi-square test was used to determine if there was any significant association between the proteins and the clinicopathological features. The Kaplan-Meier test was used to determine the overall survival, disease-free survival, and recurrence-free survival. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results There was neither significant difference in the overall cellular and nuclear expressions of leptin and leptin receptor between non-cancerous kidney and ccRCC tissues nor in non-obese and obese individuals with ccRCC. Conclusion In this present study, it was revealed that leptin and leptin receptor were not associated with tumour characteristics and progression of ccRCC patients. Interestingly, nuclear expression of leptin was significantly associated with overall survival. However, the significance of these proteins as biomarkers in other RCC histotypes is still unclear.
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Padala SA, Barsouk A, Thandra KC, Saginala K, Mohammed A, Vakiti A, Rawla P, Barsouk A. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma. World J Oncol 2020; 11:79-87. [PMID: 32494314 PMCID: PMC7239575 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Though renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2% of global cancer diagnoses and deaths, it has more than doubled in incidence in the developed world over the past half-century, and today is the ninth most common neoplasm in the United States (US). While North America and Western Europe have the highest disease burden (with the Belarus highest in incidence), Latin America, Asia and Africa are projected to see an increase in incidence as nation’s transition to a Western lifestyle. Most cases of RCC are discovered incidentally on imaging, and survival is highly dependent on the stage at diagnosis, with the metastatic disease having only a 12% 5-year survival rate. Two-thirds of RCC diagnoses are made in men, and the average age of diagnosis in the US is 64. Those with genetic predispositions, namely von Hippel-Lindau disease, tend to be diagnosed 20 years earlier. RCC has a greater incidence among Hispanics and Native Americans, and a lower survival rate among African Americans in the US. Modifiable risk factors for RCC include smoking, obesity, poorly-controlled hypertension, diet and alcohol, and occupational exposures. Prevention strategies aimed at improving survival and reducing disparities include addressing lifestyle factors and access to regular healthcare among underserved populations and in developing nations, as well as more rigorous imaging guidelines to detect RCC at an earlier stage. A stronger understanding of global RCC epidemiology can facilitate prevention efforts, especially in developing nations and underserved communities where disease burden is predicted to rise in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Anand Padala
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Adam Barsouk
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Krishna Chaitanya Thandra
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Sentara Virginia Beach General Hospital, Virginia Beach, VA, USA
| | - Kalyan Saginala
- Plains Regional Medical Group Internal Medicine, Clovis, NM 88101, USA
| | - Azeem Mohammed
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Anusha Vakiti
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Prashanth Rawla
- Department of Medicine, Sovah Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA
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Fang J, Xu X, Mao Q, Ying Y, Zhang X, Xie L. Lower circulating adiponectin is associated with higher risk of renal cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2020; 35:57-64. [PMID: 31973613 DOI: 10.1177/1724600819898696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in circulating adiponectin have been related to the risks of various cancers. However, the association between circulating adiponectin and the risk of renal cell carcinoma has not been fully determined. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and renal cell carcinoma risk. METHODS Observational studies that evaluated the association between circulating adiponectin and renal cell carcinoma risk were identified via a systematic search of PubMed and Embase databases. The difference between circulating adiponectin in renal cell carcinoma cases and healthy controls, and the multivariable adjusted association between circulating adiponectin and renal cell carcinoma risk were evaluated. A random effects model was used if significant heterogeneity existed; otherwise a fixed effects model was applied. RESULTS Eight case-control studies with 2624 renal cell carcinoma cases and 2904 healthy controls were included. Pooled results showed that circulating adiponectin was significantly lower in renal cell carcinoma cases than in healthy controls (mean difference = -1.08 ug/mL; 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.62, -0.54; P < 0.001). Higher circulating adiponectin was independently associated with a significantly lowered risk of renal cell carcinoma (adjusted odds ratio for 1 SD increment of adiponectin = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.96; P = 0.02). Subgroup analyses according to characteristics including study design, ethnics of participants, blood samples, numbers of participants, mean ages of participants, and study quality showed consistent results. CONCLUSIONS Lower circulating adiponectin is associated with increased risk of renal cell carcinoma. The potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the role of circulating adiponectin in the pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Fang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuanli Xu
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Mao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Ying
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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De Breucker S, Luce S, Njemini R, Bautmans I, Decoster L, Mets T, Pepersack T. Analysis of inflammatory markers and hormones in old cancer patients: A descriptive study. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110787. [PMID: 31794851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advanced cancers are associated with a chronic inflammation, especially high interleukin-6 (IL-6) and with various levels of adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), while ghrelin counteracts the anorexigenic effect of leptin in cancer-induced anorexia-cachexia syndrome. We aimed to understand how IL-6, adipokines and ghrelin plasma levels could be influenced by cancer on the one hand, and by age, frailty, and nutritional status in old cancer patients on the other hand. Ninety-nine patients aged 79[76-83] years old were included. Sixty-six percent had advanced stages of cancer, and 34% had cachexia. Fifty percent were at risk of malnutrition, and 10% had overt malnutrition. None of the variables studied was significantly correlated with the advanced stage, or cachexia. In multiple regression, the only parameter significantly and positively associated with age was adiponectin (p = 0.008). Despite a high prevalence of frailty in our study, we did not find any independent association of frailty (assessed by G8) with IL-6, leptin, adiponectin, or ghrelin in multivariate analysis. We observed that a low albumin level was independently associated with a higher level of IL-6 (p < 0.0001), but not with the MNA score. However, leptin showed a positive correlation with BMI (p < 0.0001), confirming the persistence of a relationship between leptin and adiposity, even in older cancer patients. Finally, high IL-6 level was associated with a higher mortality rate (p = 0.027). In conclusion, IL-6, leptin, adiponectin, and ghrelin are not associated with advanced stages of cancer or cancer-induced cachexia in older subjects with cancer, but they are significantly correlated with anthropometric factors and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra De Breucker
- Department of Geriatrics, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sylvie Luce
- Department of Oncology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lore Decoster
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncologisch Centrum, Universitair Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tony Mets
- Frailty in Ageing (FRIA) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Geriatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Pepersack
- Department of Medical Oncolgy, Oncogeriatric Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard de Waterloo 121, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Wang Q, Tu H, Zhu M, Liang D, Ye Y, Chang DW, Long Y, Wu X. Circulating obesity-driven biomarkers are associated with risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a two-stage, case-control study. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:1191-1197. [PMID: 31001636 PMCID: PMC6797001 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of modifiable risk factors for clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC). We aim to identify the association between obesity-driven biomarkers and ccRCC risk. This is a retrospective, two-phase, case-control study involving 682 cases and 733 controls. Obesity-driven biomarkers [gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), C-peptide, insulin, resistin, adipsin, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, lipocalin2, leptin, adiponectin] were measured using the Milliplex method. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations between biomarkers and ccRCC risk. Results revealed that GIP, C-peptide, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were consistently distinct between cases and controls. These markers were significantly associated with ccRCC risk in both phases (except C-peptide). In the combined population, compared with individuals with low levels of the biomarkers, individuals with high level of GIP [odds ratio (OR) = 0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.40-0.67] had lower risk, whereas individuals with high levels of C-peptide (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.15-1.87), IL-6 (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.50-3.22), TNF-α (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.49-2.43) had significantly higher risk. Stratified analysis showed consistent associations with ccRCC risk in most subgroups (P < 0.05). The risk score based on the IL-6, TNF-α and GIP was positively associated with ccRCC risk in a dose-response manner (P for trend = 2.18E-13). Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas indicate that insulin signaling, IL-6 signaling and TNF-α signaling were enhanced in tumors. Collectively, our study demonstrates the integrative effect of insulin resistance and inflammation in ccRCC development, which may elucidate the basis of association between obesity and carcinogenesis. Further confirmation in prospective cohort studies are warranted for clinical applications in prevention and precision medicine of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huakang Tu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuanqing Ye
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Big Data, The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - David W Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yin Long
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Center for Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Big Data, The Second Affiliated Hospital and School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sun G, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhu S, Shen P, Zhang H, Zhang M, Chen N, Zhao J, Chen J, Liu J, Dai J, Wang Z, Zhu X, Wang Y, Zeng H. The Adiponectin-AdipoR1 Axis Mediates Tumor Progression and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Neoplasia 2019; 21:921-931. [PMID: 31401413 PMCID: PMC6700451 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The survival of patients diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is still limited and the current targeted therapies are only partially effective. Herein, we investigated the clinical value and functions of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). A total of 127 mRCC patients treated with first-line TKIs between 2008 and 2017 at a single institution were collected. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. AdipoR1 was positively expressed in 87.4% (111/127) of tumors, especially, highly expressed in pulmonary and bone lesions. Patients with low-AdipoR1 expression in primary tumor tissues were more likely to suffer from progressive disease during TKIs treatment (40.0% vs. 11.1%, P = 0 .02), and with decreased progression-free survival (PFS: 19.5 vs. 37.8 mo, P = .001) and overall survival (OS: 62.3 vs 101.1 mo, P = .004) compared to those with high-AdipoR1 expression. Moreover, low-AdipoR1 expression in metastatic tissues was also associated with poor PFS (P = .006) and OS (P = .037). In contrast, AdipoR2 expression was neither associated with sunitinib response nor patient survival. In vitro, we found that adiponectin inhibited migration, invasion and sensitized RCC cells to sunitinib though interacting with AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2. Furthermore, we demonstrated that adiponentin-AdipoR1 axis inhibits tumor cells migration and invasion by blocking the GSK3β/β-Catenin pathway and enhances sunitinib sensitivity via abrogating PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling. Our results suggest that adiponentin-AdipoR1 axis may serve as a predictor of TKIs response and could be a potential therapeutic target in the future treatment for metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxi Sun
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Xingming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Mengni Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Ni Chen
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Jinge Zhao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Junru Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Jindong Dai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Yufang Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 610041.
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Perumal K, Huin WK, Yap NY, Ong TA, Gobe GC, Rajandram R. Role of leptin as a biomarker for early detection of renal cell carcinoma? No evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Hypotheses 2019; 129:109239. [PMID: 31371068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the commonest from of renal neoplasm. Although surgery is a successful curative treatment for localized RCC, most patients are diagnosed with advanced or metastatic RCC, which has poor prognosis. RCC is classified by stage and grade using tissue samples. Whilst these provide good prognostic information, they are not very useful for early detection. Proteins that are dysregulated in patient's serum can be a valuable alternative and less invasive biomarker for early detection of the disease. For this reason, a hypothesis was formed that leptin is a possible biomarker for early detection and prognostication of RCC. The literature has disparate results on the usefulness of leptin as a biomarker for the early detection of RCC. Hence, a systematic review and a meta-analysis was carried out to investigate whether serum leptin could be a reliable diagnostic and prognostic factor in RCC patients. Literature on the available cohort and case-control studies on serum leptin in RCC was searched in electronic databases and included to evaluate this adipokine in the progression of RCC. The relevant studies were evaluated for the diagnostic and prognostic value of leptin in RCC patients. Overall, only 6 original research studies matched selection criteria and were included for meta-analysis. This study was hypothesised that; leptin might be a useful biomarker for early detection and prognostication of RCC. However, the data were presented in this study did not support our hypothesis. Serum leptin levels in RCC patients do not strongly associate with the development or progression of RCC, thus cannot act as a biomarker for early detection in RCC in patients. Extending our hypothesis further to include levels of obesity and RCC development may be worthwhile, but studies are currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komathi Perumal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Weng Kit Huin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ning Yi Yap
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Teng Aik Ong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Glenda Carolyn Gobe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Kidney Disease Research and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Kidney Disease Research and School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia.
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Circulating adipokines and risk of obesity related cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 13:329-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yap NY, Yap FN, Perumal K, Rajandram R. Circulating adiponectin as a biomarker in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2019; 24:607-614. [PMID: 31215811 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1634763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Context: Metabolic imbalance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can lead to abnormal adiponectin levels. Objective: To evaluate circulating adiponectin as a detection or predictive marker for RCC. Methods: A comprehensive literature search and meta-analysis was performed on studies reporting circulating adiponectin levels and RCC. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan. Results: Seven studies compared the circulating adiponection levels between RCC cases and controls. Adiponectin level was significantly lower in RCC cases compared to controls at pre-diagnosis and pre-operative time-points. RCC stage, grade and subtype did not affect adiponectin levels. Conclusion: Low circulating adiponectin could be a predictive or risk factor for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yi Yap
- a Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Foo Ngan Yap
- b Community Based Department, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur , Perak , Malaysia
| | - Komathi Perumal
- a Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Retnagowri Rajandram
- a Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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25
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Al-Bayati O, Hasan A, Pruthi D, Kaushik D, Liss MA. Systematic review of modifiable risk factors for kidney cancer. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:359-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Adiponectin, Obesity, and Cancer: Clash of the Bigwigs in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102519. [PMID: 31121868 PMCID: PMC6566909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is one of the most important adipocytokines secreted by adipocytes and is called a “guardian angel adipocytokine” owing to its unique biological functions. Adiponectin inversely correlates with body fat mass and visceral adiposity. Identified independently by four different research groups, adiponectin has multiple names; Acrp30, apM1, GBP28, and AdipoQ. Adiponectin mediates its biological functions via three known receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2, and T-cadherin, which are distributed throughout the body. Biological functions of adiponectin are multifold ranging from anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory to anti-cancer. Lower adiponectin levels have been associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. A plethora of experimental evidence supports the role of obesity and increased adiposity in multiple cancers including breast, liver, pancreatic, prostrate, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. Obesity mediates its effect on cancer progression via dysregulation of adipocytokines including increased production of oncogenic adipokine leptin along with decreased production of adiponectin. Multiple studies have shown the protective role of adiponectin in obesity-associated diseases and cancer. Adiponectin modulates multiple signaling pathways to exert its physiological and protective functions. Many studies over the years have shown the beneficial effect of adiponectin in cancer regression and put forth various innovative ways to increase adiponectin levels.
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Rajandram R, Perumal K, Yap NY. Prognostic biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma: is there a relationship with obesity? Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:S138-S146. [PMID: 31236331 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2018.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a recognized risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) the commonest form of kidney cancer. Both obesity and RCC are serious diseases with increasing incidence yearly. This review examined certain obesity associated measurements and adipokines as detection/prognostic indicators for RCC. The obesity related measurements such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumstance (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR) in predicting RCC are valid when used in conjunction with other risk factors such as age and sex or with histological findings. The adipokine adiponectin holds promising outcomes as a predictive marker in assessing the risk of developing RCC. In addition, tissue leptin/leptin receptor may be a distinguishing marker for RCC subtypes. However, circulating leptin may not be a suitable detection or prognostic biomarker for RCC. The other less investigated adipokines; omentin, visfatin, apelin and resistin are also expressed in RCC but their prognostic capabilities are still inconclusive. BMI, WC and adipokines may be useful additions in a nomogram which includes TNM staging and pathological grading system to detect, confirm and follow-up RCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Retnagowri Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Komathi Perumal
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ning Yi Yap
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Zhou L, He W, Wang W, Zhou D. Altered circulating levels of adipokine omentin-1 in patients with prostate cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3313-3319. [PMID: 31118682 PMCID: PMC6503326 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s197507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most common cancers in men, accounts for nearly 20% of adult malignant neoplasms. Omentin-1 is synthesized in visceral adipose tissue and its concentration in plasma changes with cancers. However, the association between omentin-1 and PCa was rarely studied. Thus, we investigated the plasma omentin-1 levels in PCa patients in Chinese population. Materials and methods: Ninety cases of PCa and 90 matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We used ELISA technique to determine the concentration of omentin-1. Results: The concentration of omentin-1 was higher in patients with PCa compared to controls (P<0.001). Additionally, positive correlations were uncovered between omentin-1 with body mass index (r=0.240, P=0.001), waist-hip ratio (r=0.228, P=0.002), and prostate-specific antigen (r=0.589, P<0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that plasma omentin-1 differentiated PCa patients from controls with a sensitivity of 85.9% and a specificity of 83.7%. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the levels of plasma omentin-1 were increased in PCa patients. Meanwhile, omentin-1 may be a possible biomarker for diagnosing PCa. For validation, more studies should focus on and elucidate the potential mechanism underlying this change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Medical Record and Statistics, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiming He
- Department of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Medical Record and Statistics, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoping Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Anhui No.2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, 230041, People's Republic of China
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29
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Zabeau L, Wauman J, Dam J, Van Lint S, Burg E, De Geest J, Rogge E, Silva A, Jockers R, Tavernier J. A novel leptin receptor antagonist uncouples leptin's metabolic and immune functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1201-1214. [PMID: 30659329 PMCID: PMC11105424 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leptin links body energy stores to high energy demanding processes like reproduction and immunity. Based on leptin's role in autoimmune diseases and cancer, several leptin and leptin receptor (LR) antagonists have been developed, but these intrinsically lead to unwanted weight gain. Here, we report on the uncoupling of leptin's metabolic and immune functions based on the cross talk with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We show that both receptors spontaneously interact and, remarkably, that this complex can partially overrule the lack of LR activation by a leptin antagonistic mutein. Moreover, this leptin mutant induces EGFR phosphorylation comparable to wild-type leptin. Exploiting this non-canonical leptin signalling pathway, we identified a camelid single-domain antibody that selectively inhibits this LR-EGFR cross talk without interfering with homotypic LR signalling. Administration in vivo showed that this single-domain antibody did not interfere with leptin's metabolic functions, but could reverse the leptin-driven protection against starvation-induced thymic and splenic atrophy. These findings offer new opportunities for the design and clinical application of selective leptin and LR antagonists that avoid unwanted metabolic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Zabeau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Wauman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Dam
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Van Lint
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elianne Burg
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jennifer De Geest
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Rogge
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anisia Silva
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent University, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Ng KL, Del Vecchio SJ, Samaratunga H, Morais C, Rajandram R, Vesey DA, Wood ST, Gobe GC. Leptin and its receptor: can they help to differentiate chromophobe renal cell carcinoma from renal oncocytoma? Pathology 2018; 50:504-510. [PMID: 29970253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges in differentiating chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) from benign renal oncocytoma (RO) is overlapping morphology between the two subtypes. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of expression of leptin (Ob) and its receptor (ObR) in discriminating chRCC from RO. Sections from paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tumour nephrectomy specimens of 45 patients, made up of 30 chRCC (15 eosinophilic variant and 15 non-eosinophilic variant) and 15 RO, were used in this study. Samples (30) of clear cell RCC (ccRCC), the most common histological subtype, were used to verify staining patterns found by others in our cohort of Australasian patients. Matched morphologically normal non-cancer kidney tissues were included for each specimen. Sections were batch-immunostained using antibodies against Ob and ObR. Stained sections were digitally scanned using Aperio ImageScope, and the expression pattern of Ob and ObR was studied. In this cohort, male to female ratio was 2:1; median age was 64 (45-88 years); and median tumour size was 3.8 cm (range 1.2-18 cm). There were 47 (62.7%) T1, seven T2, 20 T3 and one T4 stage RCC. Two patients with ccRCC presented with metastases. Nuclear expression of Ob was significantly higher in RO compared with chRCC. The increased nuclear expression of Ob in RO compared with chRCC may be a useful aid in the difficult histological differentiation of RO from chRCC, especially eosinophilic variants of chRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Ng
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S J Del Vecchio
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | - C Morais
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - R Rajandram
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D A Vesey
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - S T Wood
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - G C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence, Centre for Chronic Disease, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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31
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Wei T, Ye P, Peng X, Wu LL, Yu GY. Circulating adiponectin levels in various malignancies: an updated meta-analysis of 107 studies. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48671-48691. [PMID: 27119501 PMCID: PMC5217047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of cancers is challenging for lack of specific biomarkers. Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly derived from adipocytes and hypoadiponectinemia has been reported to associate with risk of many types of cancers. However, available evidence is controversial. Some studies show that increased adiponectin levels correlate with cancer risk. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the association between circulating adiponectin levels and cancer development. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Online Library and Cochrane Library was conducted for eligible studies involving circulating adiponectin and malignancies from inception to August 8, 2015. Standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by use of a random-effect model. Funnel plot and Egger's linear regression test were conducted to examine the risk of publication bias. 107 studies were included with 19,319 cases and 25,675 controls. The pooled analysis indicated that circulating adiponectin levels were lower in patients with various cancers than in controls, with a pooled SMD of −0.334 μg/ml (95% CI, −0.465 to −0.203, P = 0.000). No evidence of publication bias was observed. Circulating high molecular weight adiponectin levels were also lower in cancer patients than in controls, with a pooled SMD of −0.502 μg/ml (95% CI, −0.957 to −0.047, P = 0.000). This meta-analysis provides further evidence that decreased adiponectin levels is associated with risk of various cancers. Hypoadiponectinemia may represent a useful biomarker for early detection of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Yan Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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32
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Liao LM, Hofmann JN, Cho E, Pollak MN, Chow WH, Purdue MP. Circulating levels of obesity-related markers and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the PLCO cancer screening trial. Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:801-807. [PMID: 28484923 PMCID: PMC5535804 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0901-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity is an established risk factor for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is unclear what biologic mechanisms underlie this association, although recent evidence suggests that the effects of circulating hormones such as insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and adipokines may play a role. METHODS To address this question, we conducted a nested case-control study of RCC (252 cases, 252 controls) within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial investigating associations with pre-diagnostic serum levels of total adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, IGF-1, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and C-peptide. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, non-significant associations with RCC were observed for total adiponectin (OR for highest vs. lowest quartile = 0.65, 95% CI 0.37-1.14; p trend = 0.35), HMW adiponectin (0.67, 0.38-1.17; p trend = 0.36), IGF-1 (1.35, 0.77-2.39; p trend = 0.17), IGFBP-3 (1.47, 0.83-2.62; p trend = 0.53), and C-peptide (1.52, 0.86-2.70; p trend = 0.15). In a joint analysis with body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), obese individuals (BMI ≥30) with above-median levels of IGFBP-3 had a significantly higher risk versus those with BMI <25 and below-median IGFBP-3 (OR 2.42, 1.11-5.26), whereas obese individuals with low IGFBP-3 did not (1.18, 0.53-2.64) (p interaction = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study, while not clearly supporting associations with these obesity-related hormones, suggest that the association between obesity and RCC may be partially modified through mechanisms related to elevated IGFBP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Wauman J, Zabeau L, Tavernier J. The Leptin Receptor Complex: Heavier Than Expected? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:30. [PMID: 28270795 PMCID: PMC5318964 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, leptin and the leptin receptor (ObR) regulate the body weight by balancing food intake and energy expenditure. However, this adipocyte-derived hormone also directs peripheral processes, including immunity, reproduction, and bone metabolism. Leptin, therefore, can act as a metabolic switch connecting the body's nutritional status to high energy consuming processes. We provide an extensive overview of current structural insights on the leptin-ObR interface and ObR activation, coupling to signaling pathways and their negative regulation, and leptin functioning under normal and pathophysiological conditions (obesity, autoimmunity, cancer, … ). We also discuss possible cross-talk with other receptor systems on the receptor (extracellular) and signaling cascade (intracellular) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Wauman
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Zabeau
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Cytokine Receptor Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Jan Tavernier,
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Zhang HP, Zou J, Xu ZQ, Ruan J, Yang SD, Yin Y, Mu HJ. Association of leptin, visfatin, apelin, resistin and adiponectin with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:463-468. [PMID: 28123583 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an association between obesity and the occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been identified, the mechanism by which obesity functions to increase this risk of cancer remains unclear. Leptin, visfatin, apelin, resistin and adiponectin are peptide hormones secreted by adipocytes; it is considered that these may affect RCC development by exerting effects on proliferation, cell growth and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the aforementioned adipokine genes and clear cell RCC (CC-RCC). The GSE6344 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the relative expression levels of the adipokine genes were analyzed. To verify the results of the mRNA microarray, 77 paired samples of CC-RCC and corresponding adjacent normal tissue were allocated into two groups. The extraction of total RNA was conducted, and the mRNA expression of adipokine genes was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The data from the GSE6344 dataset indicated that the expression of visfatin and apelin was upregulated (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively), and adiponectin was downregulated (P<0.001) in the CC-RCC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The data from RT-qPCR demonstrated that visfatin and resistin gene expression was increased (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) in the CC-RCC tissues. Furthermore, the mRNA expression level of leptin and adiponectin in the adjacent normal tissue was higher than those in the cancer tissue (P<0.01). The current study verifies that visfatin and adiponectin are associated with an increased risk of CC-RCC, which presents further insights into the molecular mechanisms of CC-RCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ping Zhang
- Department of Derma Science Laboratory, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Qun Xu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ruan
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Dong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
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Wang H, Wu J, Gu W, Wang B, Wan F, Dai B, Zhang H, Shi G, Shen Y, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Ye D. Serum Adiponectin Level May be an Independent Predictor of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2016; 7:1340-6. [PMID: 27390609 PMCID: PMC4934042 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To examine whether serum adiponectin or leptin level has the ability to differentiate clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from other subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a Chinese population. Patients and methods: We recruited 198 consecutive patients who were treated with radical or partial nephrectomy in our department from September 2011 to June 2013. Their histological types were all malignant, including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe and unclassified RCC. We also enrolled 86 people with no cancer or cancer-related diseases as normal controls. We measured patients' preoperative blood samples for plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Statistical methods were used to analyze ccRCC and other subtypes as they relate to serum adiponectin/leptin level and other factors such as body mass index or visceral fat area. Results: In our database, normal controls had significantly higher circulating adiponectin (p < 0.001) and leptin levels (p < 0.001) than patients with RCC. Among the 198 RCC patients, 156 patients had ccRCC while 42 patients had other histological types. Serum adiponectin levels were lower in ccRCC patients than in non-clear-cell RCC patients (p = 0.004). However, the plasma leptin level was not differently distributed between ccRCC and non-ccRCC patients (p = 0.940). In multivariate analysis, we found that serum adiponectin level may be an independent predictor for discriminating ccRCC patients from others (p = 0.004). Furthermore, in the ccRCC subgroup, we observed that men with ccRCC had lower leptin (p < 0.001) and adiponectin (p = 0.002) levels, and diabetic patients had lower plasma adiponectin levels (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Lower plasma adiponectin concentration was related to an increased incidence of ccRCC and may act as an independent predictor for ccRCC. Our study may help define the process from obesity to adipose tissue, to cytokines and finally to ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkai Wang
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Junlong Wu
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Weijie Gu
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Beihe Wang
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Fangning Wan
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Bo Dai
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Guohai Shi
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Yijun Shen
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Yao Zhu
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- 1. Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China;; 2. Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai China
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Abstract
Adiponectin (APN), an adipokine produced by adipocytes, has been shown to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated malignancies. Through its receptor interactions, APN may exert its anti-carcinogenic effects including regulating cell survival, apoptosis and metastasis via a plethora of signalling pathways. Despite the strong evidence supporting this notion, some work may indicate otherwise. Our review addresses all controversies critically. On the whole, hypoadiponectinaemia is associated with increased risk of several malignancies and poor prognosis. In addition, various genetic polymorphisms may predispose individuals to increased risk of obesity-associated malignancies. We also provide an updated summary on therapeutic interventions to increase APN levels that are of key interest in this field. To date efforts to manipulate APN levels have been promising, but much work remains to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Katira
- UCL Medical School, UCL Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Peng H Tan
- UCL Medical School, UCL Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Breast Unit, Whittington Health, London N19 5NF, UK
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Hofmann JN, Birmann BM, Teras LR, Pfeiffer RM, Wang Y, Albanes D, Baris D, Colditz GA, De Roos AJ, Giles GG, Hosgood HD, Lan Q, Landgren O, Liao LM, Rothman N, Weinstein SJ, Pollak MN, Neuhouser ML, Purdue MP. Low Levels of Circulating Adiponectin Are Associated with Multiple Myeloma Risk in Overweight and Obese Individuals. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1935-41. [PMID: 26921332 PMCID: PMC4878138 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The association between obesity and multiple myeloma risk may be partly attributed to reduced circulating levels of adiponectin in obese individuals. To prospectively evaluate multiple myeloma risk in relation to adiponectin levels overall and stratified by body mass index and other characteristics, we conducted a pooled investigation of pre-diagnosed peripheral blood samples from 624 multiple myeloma cases and 1,246 individually matched controls from seven cohorts participating in the Multiple Myeloma Cohort Consortium. Analysis of circulating analyte levels measured by ELISA revealed that higher total adiponectin levels were associated with reduced multiple myeloma risk overall [highest quartile vs. lowest: OR, 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.85; Ptrend = 0.001]. This association was apparent among cases diagnosed six or more years after blood collection (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.40-0.90; Ptrend = 0.004) and was similar in magnitude for men and women (OR, 0.59 and 0.66, respectively). Interestingly, we observed strong associations among subjects who were overweight (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.26-0.65) or obese (OR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.17-0.98) but not among those with normal weight (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.73-2.00; overweight/obese vs. normal weight, Pinteraction = 0.04). Our findings provide the strongest epidemiologic evidence to date that adiponectin protects against multiple myeloma development, particularly among overweight and obese individuals, and offer a method for risk assessment in this susceptible population of heavier patients. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1935-41. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Hofmann
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ye Wang
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dalsu Baris
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, and Barnes Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ola Landgren
- Myeloma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Oncology Department, McGill University and Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark P Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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38
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Shen XD, Zhang L, Che H, Zhang YY, Yang C, Zhou J, Liang CZ. Circulating levels of adipocytokine omentin-1 in patients with renal cell cancer. Cytokine 2016; 77:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Renal cell cancer (RCC) is the major type of kidney cancer with increasing incidence. Obesity is one of the well-established risk factors for RCC. Meta-analyses including multiple cohort and case-control studies have found a consistent positive association between obesity and RCC. The association appeared to be independent of other RCC risk factors including hypertension and has been often stronger in women, although a positive association has also been observed in men. Obesity has been largely measured as body mass index (BMI). Studies which evaluated other measures of obesity including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) as well as increase in weight have reported similar positive associations with RCC. Although the mechanisms by which obesity influences renal carcinogenesis have been under-explored, insulin resistance and certain growth factors including insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), sex steroid hormones, and biochemical markers such as adiponectin may be involved. The positive association with obesity has been observed with the clear cell type of RCC, which is the major histological subtype. On the other hand, the association between obesity and RCC survival appears to be much more complex. An apparent inverse association between obesity at time of diagnosis and RCC survival has been observed in some studies' generating speculation of an "obesity paradox" hypothesis. However, this "paradox" may be due to reverse causation, selection bias, or other forms of bias rather than a true biological association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eunyoung Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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40
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Wulaningsih W, Holmberg L, Ng T, Rohrmann S, Van Hemelrijck M. Serum leptin, C-reactive protein, and cancer mortality in the NHANES III. Cancer Med 2015; 5:120-8. [PMID: 26632325 PMCID: PMC4708908 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines, such as leptin, may affect cancer through its link with inflammation and obesity. We investigated the association between leptin, C‐reactive protein, and risk of cancer death while accounting general and abdominal obesity. From the Third National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES III), we selected 5957 adult men and women with baseline measurements of serum leptin and CRP. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess leptin and CRP levels (low, moderate, high) in relation to risk of cancer death. Stratification analyses were performed for obesity as defined by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Fine and Gray regression was performed to account for death from cardiovascular disease and other causes as competing events. A total of 385 participants died of cancer during a mean follow‐up of 18 years. After adjusting for BMI and waist circumference, an inverse association with log‐transformed leptin was found for women, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–1.30) and 0.40 (95% CI: 0.24–0.68) for moderate and high compared to low levels of leptin, respectively; Ptrend = 0.0007). No association for leptin was observed in men, but higher CRP corresponded to increased risk of dying from cancer (HR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.57–5.64 for the highest vs. lowest categories of CRP). Similar associations were observed with competing risk analysis also adjusted for BMI and waist circumference. Contrasting associations of serum leptin and CRP with cancer mortality may indicate sex‐specific biological or environmental pathways linking obesity and cancer in men and women which warrant mechanistic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyu Wulaningsih
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Holmberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Regional Cancer Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tony Ng
- Randall Division and Division of Cancer Studies, Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Cancer Epidemiology Group, Division of Cancer Studies, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lee CH, Woo YC, Wang Y, Yeung CY, Xu A, Lam KSL. Obesity, adipokines and cancer: an update. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:147-56. [PMID: 25393563 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity causes dysfunction of adipose tissue, with resultant chronic inflammation and adverse interplay of various adipokines, sex steroids and endocrine hormones. All these drive tumourigenesis and explain the epidemiological link between obesity and cancer. Over the past decade, the associations among obesity, adipokines and cancer have been increasingly recognized. Adipokines and their respective signalling pathways have drawn much research attention in the field of oncology and cancer therapeutics. This review will discuss the recent advances in the understanding of the association of several adipokines with common obesity-related cancers and the clinical therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y C Woo
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Yeung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - A Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K S L Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Akkoyun M, Merseburger AS, Kramer MW, Herrmann TR, Kuczyk MA, von Klot CA. Prediction of Perioperative Death Following Surgery for Renal Cell Carcinoma with Vein Involvement: A Retrospective Study. Adv Ther 2015; 32:783-97. [PMID: 26350620 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-015-0235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) shows a propensity for extending into the tributaries of the renal veins, which poses a notable surgical challenge. In this study we addressed the question as to whether patients with RCC and vein involvement can be identified as having a significant risk of immediate death associated with surgery preoperatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 118 patients with RCC and vein involvement from February 1999 until November 2012 were evaluated. The association of early mortality within 60 days after the intervention was tested with various covariates including: age, body mass index (BMI), preoperative serum C-reactive protein, preoperative serum creatinine, preoperative hemoglobin level, tumor diameter, suspicion of metastasis on prior computed tomography, documented cardiac insufficiency, extent of vein invasion, prior myocardial infarction, TNM stage, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, New York Heart Association classification and Karnofsky index. A multiple logistic regression model was used to test all risk factors including the combination of an elevated BMI with an impaired Karnofsky index with all covariates. RESULTS A total of 17 patients died within 60 days after the operation with most patients dying from cardio-embolic complications during the first two quartiles of the observation, while later deaths were mostly attributable to sequelae of surgical complications. None of the tested risk factors were significantly associated with early mortality in the logistic regression model. The presence of an elevated BMI (≥30 kg/m(2)) in combination with a Karnofsky index ≤70% predicted early death in univariate (p = 0.006) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.023). Death rates for patients with BMI <30 kg/m(2) and Karnofsky index >70%, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) or Karnofsky index ≤70%, BMI ≥30 kg/m(2) and Karnofsky index ≤70% were 5%, 14.8% and 37.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION The risk of early death is dramatically elevated to more than one-third of cases with elevated BMI and unfavorable Karnofsky index in patients with RCC and vein involvement. Patients need to be counseled in this regard especially when planning cytoreductive treatment without curative intent.
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Leptin: From structural insights to the design of antagonists. Life Sci 2015; 140:49-56. [PMID: 25998027 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After its discovery in 1994, it soon became clear that leptin acts as an adipocyte-derived hormone with a central role in the control of body weight and energy homeostasis. However, a growing body of evidence has revealed that leptin is a pleiotropic cytokine with activities on many peripheral cell types. Inappropriate leptin signaling can promote autoimmunity, certain cardiovascular diseases, elevated blood pressure and cancer, which makes leptin and the leptin receptor interesting targets for antagonism. Profound insights in the leptin receptor (LR) activation mechanisms are a prerequisite for the rational design of these antagonists. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying leptin receptor activation and signaling. We also discuss the current strategies to interfere with leptin signaling and their therapeutic potential.
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44
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Katira A, Tan PH. Adiponectin and its receptor signaling: an anti-cancer therapeutic target and its implications for anti-tumor immunity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1105-25. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1035710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Zhang G, Gu C, Zhu Y, Luo L, Dong D, Wan F, Zhang H, Shi G, Sun L, Ye D. ADIPOQ polymorphism rs182052 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:687-691. [PMID: 25827778 PMCID: PMC4471788 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that low circulating adiponectin concentrations are associated with a higher risk of several cancers, including renal cell carcinoma. In this case–control study, we examined the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs182052G>A, rs266729C>G, and rs3774262G>A) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) in 1004 patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) compared with a group of healthy subjects (n = 1108). Fasting serum adiponectin concentrations were also examined. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The association of serum adiponectin concentration with genetic variants was calculated using a multivariate linear regression model. A significantly higher ccRCC risk was associated with the rs182052 variant A allele (adjusted OR, 1.36 and 95% CI, 1.07–1.74 for AA vs GG, P = 0.013; adjusted OR, 1.27 and 95% CI, 1.04–1.56 for AA vs GG+AG, P = 0.019), and this positive association was more evident in overweight subjects. Fasting serum adiponectin was lower in subjects carrying A alleles of rs182052 in both ccRCC patients (β = −0.399, P = 0.018) and healthy controls (β = −0.371, P = 0.024). These results suggest that ADIPOQ rs182052 is significantly associated with ccRCC risk. In this case–control study, we examined the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs182052G>A, rs266729C>G, and rs3774262G>A) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) in 1004 patients with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) compared with a group of healthy subjects (n = 1108). Fasting serum adiponectin concentrations were also examined. Fasting serum adiponectin was lower in subjects carrying minor alleles of rs182052 in both ccRCC patients (β = −0.399, P = 0.018) and healthy controls (β = −0.371, P = 0.024). These results suggest that ADIPOQ rs182052 is significantly associated with ccRCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyuan Gu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Luo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dahai Dong
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangning Wan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohai Shi
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zabeau L, Peelman F, Tavernier J. Antagonizing leptin: current status and future directions. Biol Chem 2014; 395:499-514. [PMID: 24523306 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The adipocyte-derived hormone/cytokine leptin acts as a metabolic switch, connecting the body's nutritional status to high energy consuming processes such as reproduction and immune responses. Inappropriate leptin responses can promote autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. In this review we discuss the current strategies to modulate leptin signaling and the possibilities for their use in research and therapy.
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Scalera A, Tarantino G. Could metabolic syndrome lead to hepatocarcinoma via non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9217-9228. [PMID: 25071314 PMCID: PMC4110551 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It was estimated that from 2002 to 2008 the risk of developing cancer increased a quarter-fold in men and two-fold in women due to excessive BMI. Obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus are strictly related and are key pathogenetic factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most frequent liver disease worldwide. The most important consequence of the “metabolic epidemics” is the probable rise in the incidence of hepatocarcinoma (HCC), and NAFLD is the major causative factor. Adipose tissue is not merely a storage organ where lipids are preserved as an energy source. It is an active organ with important endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine actions in addition to immune functions. Adipocytes produce a wide range of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors that can act locally in the adipose tissue microenvironment and systemically. In this article, the main roles of insulin growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 are discussed. The role of IGF-2 is not only confined to HCC, but it may also act in early hepato-carcinogenesis, as pre-neoplastic lesions express IGF-2 mRNA. IGF-1 and IGF-2 interact with specific receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2R). IGF-1R is over-expressed in in vitro and in animal models of HCC and it was demonstrated that IGF ligands exerted their effects on HCC cells through IGF-1R and that it was involved in the degeneration of pre-neoplastic lesions via an increase in their mitotic activity. Both IGF-2R and TGF β, a growth inhibitor, levels are reduced in human HCC compared with adjacent normal liver tissues. Another key mechanism involves peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ. In in vitro studies, PPARγ inhibited various carcinomas including HCC, most probably by regulating apoptosis via the p21, p53 and p27 pathways. Finally, as a clinical consequence, to improve survival, efforts to achieve a “healthier diet” should be promoted by physicians and politicians.
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New insight into adiponectin role in obesity and obesity-related diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:658913. [PMID: 25110685 PMCID: PMC4109424 DOI: 10.1155/2014/658913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem strongly increasing the risk for various severe related complications such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, diabetic retinopathy, and cancer. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that produces biologically active molecules defined “adipocytokines,” protein hormones with pleiotropic functions involved in the regulation of energy metabolism as well as in appetite, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, cell proliferation, and so forth. In obesity, fat accumulation causes dysregulation of adipokine production that strongly contributes to the onset of obesity-related diseases. Several advances have been made in the treatment and prevention of obesity but current medical therapies are often unsuccessful even in compliant patients. Among the adipokines, adiponectin shows protective activity in various processes such as energy metabolism, inflammation, and cell proliferation. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge regarding the protective properties of adiponectin and its receptors, AdipoRs (“adiponectin system”), on metabolic complications in obesity and obesity-related diseases. Adiponectin, exhibiting antihyperglycemic, antiatherogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties, could have important clinical benefits in terms of development of therapies for the prevention and/or for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Gati A, Kouidhi S, Marrakchi R, El Gaaied A, Kourda N, Derouiche A, Chebil M, Caignard A, Perier A. Obesity and renal cancer: Role of adipokines in the tumor-immune system conflict. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27810. [PMID: 24804162 PMCID: PMC4010540 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies link obesity, as measured by increased body mass index (BMI) to the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as well as to the cancer-related mortality of RCC patients. RCC is the third cancer most robustly associated with increased BMI. Understanding the role of the adipose tissue in renal carcinogenesis is therefore of major importance for the development of novel paradigms of RCC prevention and treatment. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the impact of obesity on the development and progression of RCC as well as the role of adipose tissue-derived hormones (adipokines) in the conflict between growing tumors and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Gati
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Kouidhi
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Marrakchi
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel El Gaaied
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Kourda
- Service d'histopathologie; Hôpital Charles Nicolle; Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Chebil
- Service d'Urologie; Hôpital Charles Nicolle; Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anne Caignard
- Institut Cochin; INSERM U1016; CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Perier
- Institut Cochin; INSERM U1016; CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
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