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James CD, Lewis RL, Witt AJ, Carter C, Rais NM, Wang X, Bristol ML. Fibroblasts Regulate the Transformation Potential of Human Papillomavirus-positive Keratinocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.16.613347. [PMID: 39345623 PMCID: PMC11430071 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.16.613347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is necessary but insufficient for viral oncogenesis. Additional contributing co-factors, such as immune evasion and viral integration have been implicated in HPV-induced cancer progression. It is widely accepted that HPV+ keratinocytes require co-culture with fibroblasts to maintain viral episome expression, yet the exact mechanisms for this have yet to be elucidated. Here we present comprehensive RNA sequencing and proteomic analysis demonstrating that fibroblasts not only support the viral life cycle, but reduce HPV+ keratinocyte transformation. Our co-culture models offer novel insights into HPV-related transformation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D. James
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel L. Lewis
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Austin J. Witt
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Nabiha M. Rais
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Molly L. Bristol
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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2
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Lopes-Nunes J, Oliveira PA, Cruz C. Nanotherapy for human papillomavirus-associated cancers: breakthroughs and challenges. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:781-797. [PMID: 39181737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are well-known causative agents of several cancers, yet selective therapies remain under investigation. Nanoparticles, for instance, are emerging as promising solutions to enhance the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic approaches. Despite the increasing number of nanotherapies offering advantages over current treatments, only one has advanced to clinical trials. This review highlights recent advances in nanotherapies for HPV-associated cancers, focusing on the delivery of small molecules, gene-targeted therapies, and vaccines. Some of the challenges faced in nanotherapies translation for clinical application are discussed, emphasizing the most used preclinical models that fail to accurately predict human responses, thereby hindering proper evaluation of nanotherapies. Additionally, we explore and discuss alternative promising new preclinical models that could pave the way for more effective nanotherapeutic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Lopes-Nunes
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building, and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês de Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Catalán-Castorena O, Garibay-Cerdenares OL, Illades-Aguiar B, Rodríguez-Ruiz HA, Zubillaga-Guerrero MI, Leyva-Vázquez MA, Encarnación-Guevara S, Alarcón-Romero LDC. The role of HR-HPV integration in the progression of premalignant lesions into different cancer types. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34999. [PMID: 39170128 PMCID: PMC11336306 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is associated with the development of different types of cancer, such as cervical, head and neck (including oral, laryngeal, and oropharyngeal), vulvar, vaginal, penile, and anal cancers. The progression of premalignant lesions to cancer depends on factors associated with the host cell and the different epithelia infected by HPV, such as basal cells of the flat epithelium and the cells of the squamocolumnar transformation zone (STZ) found in the uterine cervix and the anal canal, which is rich in heparan sulfate proteoglycans and integrin-like receptors. On the other hand, factors associated with the viral genotype, infection with multiple viruses, viral load, viral persistence, and type of integration determine the viral breakage pattern and the sites at which the virus integrates into the host cell genome (introns, exons, intergenic regions), inducing the loss of function of tumor suppressor genes and increasing oncogene expression. This review describes the role of viral integration and the molecular mechanisms induced by HR-HPV in different types of tissues. The purpose of this review is to identify the common factors associated with the role of integration events in the progression of premalignant lesions in different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Catalán-Castorena
- Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39089, Mexico
| | - Olga Lilia Garibay-Cerdenares
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39089, Mexico
- CONAHCyT-Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39089, Mexico
| | - Berenice Illades-Aguiar
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39089, Mexico
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39089, Mexico
| | - Ma. Isabel Zubillaga-Guerrero
- Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39089, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Leyva-Vázquez
- Molecular Biomedicine Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical-Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39089, Mexico
| | | | - Luz del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Research in Cytopathology and Histochemical Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, 39089, Mexico
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Samara P, Athanasopoulos M, Mastronikolis S, Kyrodimos E, Athanasopoulos I, Mastronikolis NS. The Role of Oncogenic Viruses in Head and Neck Cancers: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Advancements in Detection Methods. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1482. [PMID: 39065250 PMCID: PMC11279059 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) constitute a wide range of malignancies originating from the epithelial lining of the upper aerodigestive tract, including the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and salivary glands. Although lymphomas affecting this region are not conventionally classified as HNCs, they may occur in lymph nodes or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues within the head and neck. Oncogenic viruses play a crucial role in HNC onset. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is extensively studied for its association with oropharyngeal cancers; nevertheless, other oncogenic viruses also contribute to HNC development. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and advancements in detection methods of oncogenic viruses associated with HNCs, recognizing HPV's well-established role while exploring additional viral connections. Notably, Epstein-Barr virus is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphomas. Human herpesvirus 8 is implicated in Kaposi's sarcoma, and Merkel cell polyomavirus is associated with subsets of HNCs. Additionally, hepatitis viruses are examined for their potential association with HNCs. Understanding the viral contributions in the head and neck area is critical for refining therapeutic approaches. This review underlines the interaction between viruses and malignancies in this region, highlighting the necessity for ongoing research to elucidate additional mechanisms and enhance clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Samara
- Children’s Oncology, Unit Marianna V. Vardinoyannis-ELPIDA, Aghia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Athanasopoulos
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (M.A.); (N.S.M.)
| | | | - Efthymios Kyrodimos
- 1st Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hippocration Hospital, University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
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Chambers L, Haight P, Chalif J, Mehra Y, Spakowicz D, Backes FJ, Cosgrove CM, O’Malley DM, Vargas R, Corr BR, Bae-Jump VL, Arend RC. Bridging the Gap from Bench to Bedside: A Call for In Vivo Preclinical Models to Advance Endometrial Cancer and Cervical Cancer Immuno-oncology Research. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2905-2909. [PMID: 38662438 PMCID: PMC11250463 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Advanced-stage endometrial and cervical cancers are associated with poor outcomes despite contemporary advances in surgical techniques and therapeutics. Recent clinical trial results have led to a shift in the treatment paradigm for both malignancies, in which immunotherapy is now incorporated as the standard of care up front for most patients with advanced endometrial and cervical cancers as the standard of care. Impressive response rates have been observed, but unfortunately, a subset of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy, and survival remains poor. Continued preclinical research and clinical trial development are crucial for our understanding of resistance mechanisms to immunotherapy and maximization of therapeutic efficacy. In this setting, syngeneic models are preferred over xenograft models as they allow for the evaluation of the tumor-immune interaction in an immunocompetent host, most closely mimicking the tumor-immune interaction in patients with cancer. Unfortunately, significant disparities exist about syngeneic models in gynecologic malignancy, in which queries from multiple large bioscience companies confirm no commercial availability of endometrial or cervical cancer syngeneic cell lines. Published data exist about the recent development of several endometrial and cervical cancer syngeneic cell lines, warranting further investigation. Closing the disparity gap for preclinical models in endometrial and cervical cancers will support physician scientists, basic and translational researchers, and clinical trialists who are dedicated to improving outcomes for our patients with advanced disease and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Chambers
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | - Paulina Haight
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | - Julia Chalif
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | - Yogita Mehra
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Daniel Spakowicz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Floor J. Backes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | - Casey M. Cosgrove
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | - David M. O’Malley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, James Hospital and Solove Research Institute
| | - Roberto Vargas
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Bradley R. Corr
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
| | - Victoria L. Bae-Jump
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Arend
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Fobian SF, Mei X, Crezee J, Snoek BC, Steenbergen RDM, Hu J, Ten Hagen TLM, Vermeulen L, Stalpers LJA, Oei AL. Increased human papillomavirus viral load is correlated to higher severity of cervical disease and poorer clinical outcome: A systematic review. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29741. [PMID: 38922964 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and is caused by persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV viral load, the amount of HPV DNA in a sample, has been suggested to correlate with cervical disease severity, and with clinical outcome of cervical cancer. In this systematic review, we searched three databases (EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science) to examine the current evidence on the association between HPV viral load in cervical samples and disease severity, as well as clinical outcome. After exclusion of articles not on HPV, cervical cancer, or containing clinical outcomes, 85 original studies involving 173 746 women were included. The vast majority (73/85 = 85.9%) reported that a higher viral load was correlated with higher disease severity or worse clinical outcome. Several studies reported either no correlation (3/85 = 3.5%), or the opposite correlation (9/85 = 10.6%); possible reasons being different categorization of HPV viral load levels, or the use of specific sampling methods. Despite variations in study design and populations, the above findings suggest that HPV viral load is correlated to clinical outcome, and may become an important biomarker for treatment selection and response monitoring for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth-Frerich Fobian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xionge Mei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara C Snoek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jiafen Hu
- Jake Gittlen Laboratories of Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timo L M Ten Hagen
- Precision Medicine in Oncology (PrMiO), Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Vermeulen
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A Stalpers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arlene L Oei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Xiurong D, Xin Z, Neng Y, Li D, Yanzhou W, Kaijian L, Zhiqing L. Genetically engineered mouse model of HPV16 E6-E7 with vaginal-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and decreased immunity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29881. [PMID: 38765051 PMCID: PMC11096975 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To construct models of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with precancerous lesions or cervical cancer and explore the immune function. Methods Using CRISPR/Cas9, the expression vector HPV16-E6-E7-Rosa26 was microinjected into fertilized eggs of C57BL/6 N mice using homologous recombination, and the F0 generation was obtained for reproduction. Then, the formation of precancerous lesions was promoted via intramuscular injection of estradiol. Presence of precancerous cervical-vaginal intraepithelial lesions, Ki67 and p16 expression levels, and CD8+ T cell proportions in the spleen were evaluated. Results Two F0 generation mice exhibited correct the homologous recombination. Seven positive mice were identified in the F1 generation. After breeding and mating, 25 homozygous and 11 heterozygous HPV16-E6-E7-engineered mice were obtained from the F2 generation. After estradiol benzoate treatment, the cervical-vaginal epithelium appeared as precancerous lesions with positive Ki67 and p16 expression. The percentage of CD8+ T cells decreased. Conclusion HPV16-E6-E7-Rosa26 induced low immune function in mice, and provides a good model for the basic research of the mechanisms of action of HPV infection-associated precancerous lesions or cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Xiurong
- The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhou Xin
- The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Neng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Deng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wang Yanzhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ling Kaijian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liang Zhiqing
- The Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (The first Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
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Sokolowski K, Turner PV, Lewis E, Wange RL, Fortin MC. Exploring rabbit as a nonrodent species for general toxicology studies. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:29-39. [PMID: 38374304 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To avoid adverse events in humans, toxicity studies in nonclinical species have been the foundation of safety evaluation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, it is recognized that working with animals in research is a privilege, and conscientious use should always respect the 3Rs: replacement, reduction, and refinement. In the wake of the shortages in routine nonrodent species and considering that nonanimal methods are not yet sufficiently mature, the value of the rabbit as a nonrodent species is worth exploring. Historically used in vaccine, cosmetic, and medical device testing, the rabbit is seldom used today as a second species in pharmaceutical development, except for embryo-fetal development studies, ophthalmic therapeutics, some medical devices and implants, and vaccines. Although several factors affect the decision of species selection, including pharmacological relevance, pharmacokinetics, and ADME considerations, there are no perfect animal models. In this forum article, we bring together experts from veterinary medicine, industry, contract research organizations, and government to explore the pros and cons, residual concerns, and data gaps regarding the use of the rabbit for general toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Sokolowski
- Safety Assessment, Development Sciences, Denali Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Patricia V Turner
- Global Animal Welfare & Training, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Massachusetts 01887, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Elise Lewis
- Safety Assessment, Charles River Laboratories, Horsham, Pennsylvania 19044, USA
| | - Ronald L Wange
- Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, USA
| | - Marie C Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Tay SH, Oh CC. T Cell Immunity in Human Papillomavirus-Related Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:473. [PMID: 38472944 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14050473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is an invasive malignancy that disproportionately afflicts immunosuppressed individuals. The close associations of cSCC with immunosuppression and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection beget the question of how these three entities are intertwined in carcinogenesis. By exploring the role of T cell immunity in HPV-related cSCC based on the existing literature, we found that the loss of T cell immunity in the background of β-HPV infection promotes cSCC initiation following exposure to environmental carcinogens or chronic trauma. This highlights the potential of developing T-cell centred therapeutic and preventive strategies for populations with increased cSCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Huan Tay
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Choon Chiat Oh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
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10
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Skelin J, Luk HY, Butorac D, Boon SS, Tomaić V. The effects of HPV oncoproteins on host communication networks: Therapeutic connotations. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29315. [PMID: 38115222 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are a leading cause of viral-induced malignancies worldwide, with a prominent association with cervical and head and neck cancers. The pivotal role of HPV oncoproteins, E5, E6, and E7, in manipulating cellular events, which contribute to viral pathogenesis in various ways, has been extensively documented. This article reviews the influence of HPV oncoproteins on cellular signaling pathways within the host cell, shedding light on the underlying molecular mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of these molecular alterations is essential for the development of targeted therapies and strategies to combat HPV-induced premalignancies and prevent their progress to cancer. Furthermore, this review underscores the intricate interplay between HPV oncoproteins and some of the most important cellular signaling pathways: Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, JAK/STAT, and PI3K AKT/mTOR. The treatment efficacies of the currently available inhibitors on these pathways in an HPV-positive context are also discussed. This review also highlights the importance of continued research to advance our knowledge and enhance therapeutic interventions for HPV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Skelin
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ho Yin Luk
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dražan Butorac
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siaw Shi Boon
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Vjekoslav Tomaić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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11
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King RE, Bilger A, Rademacher J, Lambert PF, Thibeault SL. Preclinical Models of Laryngeal Papillomavirus Infection: A Scoping Review. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:3256-3268. [PMID: 37227124 PMCID: PMC10674042 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laryngeal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) and accounts for up to 25% of laryngeal cancers. Lack of satisfactory preclinical models is one reason that treatments for these diseases are limited. We sought to assess the literature describing preclinical models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from the inception of database through October 2022. REVIEW METHODS Studies searched were screened by two investigators. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed, published in English, presented original data, and described attempted models of laryngeal papillomavirus infection. Data examined included type of papillomavirus, infection model, and results including success rate, disease phenotype, and viral retention. RESULTS After screening 440 citations and 138 full-text studies, 77 studies published between 1923 and 2022 were included. Models used low-risk HPV or RRP (n = 51 studies), high-risk HPV or laryngeal cancer (n = 16), both low- and high-risk HPV (n = 1), and animal papillomaviruses (n = 9). For RRP, 2D and 3D cell culture models and xenografts retained disease phenotypes and HPV DNA in the short term. Two laryngeal cancer cell lines were consistently HPV-positive in multiple studies. Animal laryngeal infections with animal papillomaviruses resulted in disease and long-term retention of viral DNA. CONCLUSIONS Laryngeal papillomavirus infection models have been researched for 100 years and primarily involve low-risk HPV. Most models lose viral DNA after a short duration. Future work is needed to model persistent and recurrent diseases, consistent with RRP and HPV-positive laryngeal cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 133:3256-3268, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E King
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Andrea Bilger
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Josef Rademacher
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A
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12
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Skelin J, Tomaić V. Comparative Analysis of Alpha and Beta HPV E6 Oncoproteins: Insights into Functional Distinctions and Divergent Mechanisms of Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:2253. [PMID: 38005929 PMCID: PMC10674601 DOI: 10.3390/v15112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) represent a diverse group of DNA viruses that infect epithelial cells of mucosal and cutaneous tissues, leading to a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes. Among various HPVs, alpha (α) and beta (β) types have garnered significant attention due to their associations with human health. α-HPVs are primarily linked to infections of the mucosa, with high-risk subtypes, such as HPV16 and HPV18, being the major etiological agents of cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. In contrast, β-HPVs are predominantly associated with cutaneous infections and are commonly found on healthy skin. However, certain β-types, notably HPV5 and HPV8, have been implicated in the development of non-melanoma skin cancers in immunocompromised individuals, highlighting their potential role in pathogenicity. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the similarities and differences between α- and β-HPV E6 oncoproteins, one of the major drivers of viral replication and cellular transformation, and how these impact viral fitness and the capacity to induce malignancy. In particular, we compare the mechanisms these oncoproteins use to modulate common cellular processes-apoptosis, DNA damage repair, cell differentiation, and the immune response-further shedding light on their shared and distinct features, which enable them to replicate at divergent locations of the human body and cause different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vjekoslav Tomaić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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13
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Gallego C, Jaracz-Ros A, Laganà M, Mercier-Nomé F, Domenichini S, Fumagalli A, Roingeard P, Herfs M, Pidoux G, Bachelerie F, Schlecht-Louf G. Reprogramming of connexin landscape fosters fast gap junction intercellular communication in human papillomavirus-infected epithelia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1138232. [PMID: 37260709 PMCID: PMC10228504 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1138232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are highly prevalent commensal viruses that require epithelial stratification to complete their replicative cycle. While HPV infections are most often asymptomatic, certain HPV types can cause lesions, that are usually benign. In rare cases, these infections may progress to non-replicative viral cycles associated with high HPV oncogene expression promoting cell transformation, and eventually cancer when not cleared by host responses. While the consequences of HPV-induced transformation on keratinocytes have been extensively explored, the impact of viral replication on epithelial homeostasis remains largely unexplored. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is critical for stratified epithelium integrity and function. This process is ensured by a family of proteins named connexins (Cxs), including 8 isoforms that are expressed in stratified squamous epithelia. GJIC was reported to be impaired in HPV-transformed cells, which was attributed to the decreased expression of the Cx43 isoform. However, it remains unknown whether and how HPV replication might impact on the expression of Cx isoforms and GJIC in stratified squamous epithelia. To address this question, we have used 3D-epithelial cell cultures (3D-EpCs), the only model supporting the productive HPV life cycle. We report a transcriptional downregulation of most epithelial Cx isoforms except Cx45 in HPV-replicating epithelia. At the protein level, HPV replication results in a reduction of Cx43 expression while that of Cx45 increases and displays a topological shift toward the cell membrane. To quantify GJIC, we pioneered quantitative gap-fluorescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) assay in 3D-EpCs, which allowed us to show that the reprogramming of Cx landscape in response to HPV replication translates into accelerated GJIC in living epithelia. Supporting the pathophysiological relevance of our observations, the HPV-associated Cx43 and Cx45 expression pattern was confirmed in human cervical biopsies harboring HPV. In conclusion, the reprogramming of Cx expression and distribution in HPV-replicating epithelia fosters accelerated GJIC, which may participate in epithelial homeostasis and host immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gallego
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Agnieszka Jaracz-Ros
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Marta Laganà
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Françoise Mercier-Nomé
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- US31-UMS3679-Plateforme PHIC, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique (IPSIT), INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Séverine Domenichini
- UMS-IPSIT Plateforme MIPSIT, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Inserm, Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation Thérapeutique, Orsay, France
| | - Amos Fumagalli
- CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U1259, Université de Tours et CHRU de Tours & Plateforme IBiSA des Microscopies, PPF ASB, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Michael Herfs
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Françoise Bachelerie
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM UMR-996, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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14
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Bedard MC, Chihanga T, Carlile A, Jackson R, Brusadelli MG, Lee D, VonHandorf A, Rochman M, Dexheimer PJ, Chalmers J, Nuovo G, Lehn M, Williams DEJ, Kulkarni A, Carey M, Jackson A, Billingsley C, Tang A, Zender C, Patil Y, Wise-Draper TM, Herzog TJ, Ferris RL, Kendler A, Aronow BJ, Kofron M, Rothenberg ME, Weirauch MT, Van Doorslaer K, Wikenheiser-Brokamp KA, Lambert PF, Adam M, Steven Potter S, Wells SI. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of HPV16-infected epithelium identifies a keratinocyte subpopulation implicated in cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1975. [PMID: 37031202 PMCID: PMC10082832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent HPV16 infection is a major cause of the global cancer burden. The viral life cycle is dependent on the differentiation program of stratified squamous epithelium, but the landscape of keratinocyte subpopulations which support distinct phases of the viral life cycle has yet to be elucidated. Here, single cell RNA sequencing of HPV16 infected compared to uninfected organoids identifies twelve distinct keratinocyte populations, with a subset mapped to reconstruct their respective 3D geography in stratified squamous epithelium. Instead of conventional terminally differentiated cells, an HPV-reprogrammed keratinocyte subpopulation (HIDDEN cells) forms the surface compartment and requires overexpression of the ELF3/ESE-1 transcription factor. HIDDEN cells are detected throughout stages of human carcinogenesis including primary human cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and HPV positive head and neck cancers, and a possible role in promoting viral carcinogenesis is supported by TCGA analyses. Single cell transcriptome information on HPV-infected versus uninfected epithelium will enable broader studies of the role of individual keratinocyte subpopulations in tumor virus infection and cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Bedard
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tafadzwa Chihanga
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Adrean Carlile
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Robert Jackson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Denis Lee
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrew VonHandorf
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Mark Rochman
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Phillip J Dexheimer
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey Chalmers
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gerard Nuovo
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maria Lehn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - David E J Williams
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Medical Scientist Training M.D.-Ph.D. Program (MSTP), College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Molly Carey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Amanda Jackson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Caroline Billingsley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Alice Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Chad Zender
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yash Patil
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Trisha M Wise-Draper
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Thomas J Herzog
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Ady Kendler
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Divisions of Human Genetics, Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- The BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kathryn A Wikenheiser-Brokamp
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
- Division of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and The Perinatal Institute Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Mike Adam
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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15
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Hainisch EK, Jindra C, Reicher P, Miglinci L, Brodesser DM, Brandt S. Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 or 2 Virion-Infected Primary Fibroblasts Constitute a Near-Natural Equine Sarcoid Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122658. [PMID: 36560661 PMCID: PMC9781842 DOI: 10.3390/v14122658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine sarcoids are common, locally aggressive skin tumors induced by bovine papillomavirus types 1, 2, and possibly 13 (BPV1, BPV2, BPV13). Current in vitro models do not mimic de novo infection. We established primary fibroblasts from horse skin and succeeded in infecting these cells with native BPV1 and BPV2 virions. Subsequent cell characterization was carried out by cell culture, immunological, and molecular biological techniques. Infection of fibroblasts with serial 10-fold virion dilutions (2 × 106-20 virions) uniformly led to DNA loads settling at around 150 copies/cell after four passages. Infected cells displayed typical features of equine sarcoid cells, including hyperproliferation, and loss of contact inhibition. Neither multiple passaging nor storage negatively affected cell hyperproliferation, viral DNA replication, and gene transcription, suggestive for infection-mediated cell immortalization. Intriguingly, extracellular vesicles released by BPV1-infected fibroblasts contained viral DNA that was most abundant in the fractions enriched for apoptotic bodies and exosomes. This viral DNA is likely taken up by non-infected fibroblasts. We conclude that equine primary fibroblasts stably infected with BPV1 and BPV2 virions constitute a valuable near-natural model for the study of yet unexplored mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of BPV1/2-induced sarcoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund K. Hainisch
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Division Molecular Oncology and Haematology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500 Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Paul Reicher
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea Miglinci
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela M. Brodesser
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Surgery, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-25077-5308
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16
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Wang Z, Guan S, Cai B, Rong S, Li Q. Human Papillomavirus E1 Protein Regulates Gene Expression in Cells Involved in Immune Response. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2786-2802. [PMID: 36418714 PMCID: PMC9684793 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus belongs to papovaviridae family papillomavirus A, a spherical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus, which can cause the proliferation of squamous epithelial cells of human skin or mucous membranes. With the rapid increase in the incidence of condyloma acuminatum among STDs and the increase in diseases caused by HPV infection, HPV infection has seriously endangered human health. In this paper, the in vitro detection of HPV E1 protein was realized using AgNCs-dsDNA. And through the test of this detection method, we calculated that the detection limit of this method is 0.886 nM. Compared with other methods for detecting E1 protein in vitro, this method has high sensitivity and simple operation. In addition, the detection method also has good anti-interference and selectivity, and can realize the detection of E1 in serum samples. The transfection efficiency of BLV-miR-B4-3p mimics at different time points was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR); the transcriptome sequencing of lymphocytes transfected with different concentrations of BLV-miR-B4-3p mimics was performed, and differential gene clustering was performed on the sequencing results. And the BLV-miR-B4-3p target gene prediction and transcriptome analysis results were verified by qPCR. The effects of BLV-miR-B4-3p on the transcriptional levels of immune-related cytokines in human lymphocytes were analyzed. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that after BLV-miR-B4-3p entered lymphocytes, a total of 556 differentially expressed genes were obtained. GO enrichment and KEGG analysis results showed that BLV-miR-B4-3p could independently activate influenza. The signaling pathway ultimately affects the body's immune system process, stress response, defense response, immune response, and other biological processes. After BLV-miR-B4-3p enters lymphocytes, it will lead to abnormal lymphocyte immune function, including the mRNA expression of TNF-α in Th1 cytokines which was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the expression of IL-10 in Th2 cytokines was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the mRNA expression of IL-27 was significantly increased (P < 0.001), which did not affect the mRNA expression of lymphocyte proliferation and activation-related regulators. The tumor suppressor breast cancer 1 (BRCA1) and antimicrobial peptide CAMP were significantly increased, and decreased (P < 0.001), and the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Caspase9 showed a significant downward trend (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifeng Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Shimin Guan
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Baoguo Cai
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Shaofeng Rong
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
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17
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Payaradka R, Ramesh PS, Vyas R, Patil P, Rajendra VK, Kumar M, Shetty V, Devegowda D. Oncogenic viruses as etiological risk factors for head and neck cancers: An overview on prevalence, mechanism of infection and clinical relevance. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 143:105526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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18
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Kyrgiou M, Moscicki AB. Vaginal microbiome and cervical cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:189-198. [PMID: 35276341 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The female reproductive tract, similar to other mucosal sites, harbors a specific microbiome commonly dominated by Lactobacillus species (spp.), which has an essential role in maintaining health and homeostasis. Increasing evidence shows that genital tract dysbiosis and/or specific bacteria and cytokines might have an active role in the development and/or progression of HPV infection and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and as a result cervical cancer. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies reported that Lactobacillus spp. depletion increases with severity of CIN and that this may negatively affect disease regression rates. It is plausible that Lactobacillus deplete microbiome composition may lead to a pro-inflammatory environment that can increase malignant cell proliferation and HPV E6 and E7 oncogene expression. Future longitudinal cohorts and mechanistic experiments on HPV transfected cells models will further permit exploration of the impact of Lactobacillus spp. on HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kyrgiou
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction - Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK; West London Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W12 0HS, UK.
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19
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De Falco F, Cutarelli A, Catoi AF, Uberti BD, Cuccaro B, Roperto S. Bovine delta papillomavirus E5 oncoprotein negatively regulates the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cattle in a spontaneous model of viral disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937736. [PMID: 36311756 PMCID: PMC9597257 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection and tumorigenesis by papillomaviruses (PVs) require viral manipulation of various cellular processes, including those involved in innate immune responses. The cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway has emerged as an essential innate immune sensing system, that recognizes DNA and trigger potent antiviral effector responses. In this study, we found that bovine PV (BPV) E5 protein, the major oncoprotein of bovine delta PVs, interacts with STING but not with cGAS in a spontaneous BPV infection of neoplastic urothelial cells of cattle. Real-time RT-PCR revealed a significant reduction in both cGAS and STING transcripts in E5-expressing cells. Furthermore, western blot (WB) analysis failed to detect any variation in the expression of interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), an upstream effector of the STING pathway. A ternary complex composed of E5/STING/IFI16 was also observed. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that STING interacts with a protein network composed of total and phosphorylated TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), total and phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, IKKα, IKKβ, IKKϵ, ELKS, MEKK3, and TAK1. RT-qPCR revealed a significant reduction in TBK1 mRNA levels in BPV-infected cells. WB analysis revealed significantly reduced expression levels of pTBK1, which is essential for the activation and phosphorylation of IRF3, a prerequisite for the latter to enter the nucleus to activate type 1 IFN genes. WB also revealed significantly down-expression of IKKα, IKKβ, IKKϵ, and overexpression of IRF7, ELKS, MEKK3, and TAK1in BPV-positive urothelial cells compared with that in uninfected healthy cells. Phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) was significantly reduced in both the nuclear and cytosolic compartments of BPV-infected cells compared with that in uninfected urothelial cells. Our results suggest that the innate immune signaling pathway mediated by cGAS-STING is impaired in cells infected with BPV. Therefore, effective immune responses are not elicited against these viruses, which facilitates persistent viral infection and subsequent tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Falco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Cutarelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Italy
| | - Adriana Florinela Catoi
- Physiopathology Department, Faculty of Medicine “Iuliu Hatieganu”, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Bianca Cuccaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sante Roperto,
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20
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Dai W, Gui L, Du H, Li S, Wu R. The association of cervicovaginal Langerhans cells with clearance of human papillomavirus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918190. [PMID: 36311788 PMCID: PMC9596771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) clearance is important in eliminating cervical cancer which contributes to high morbidity and mortality in women. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown about key players in clearing pre-existing HPV infections. HPV antigens can be detected by the most important cervical antigen-presenting cells (Langerhans cells, LCs), of which the activities can be affected by cervicovaginal microbiota. In this review, we first introduce persistent HPV infections and then describe HPV-suppressed LCs activities, including but not limited to antigen uptake and presentation. Given specific transcriptional profiling of LCs in cervical epithelium, we also discuss the impact of cervicovaginal microbiota on LCs activation as well as the promise of exploring key microbial players in activating LCs and HPV-specific cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkui Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liming Gui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuaicheng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruifang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Ruifang Wu,
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21
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Wu M, Zhang X, Kang Y, Zhu Y, Su Z, Liu J, Zhang W, Chen H, Li H. The First Human Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia Cell Line with Naturally Infected Episomal HPV18 Genome. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092054. [PMID: 36146860 PMCID: PMC9502076 DOI: 10.3390/v14092054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk HPV leads to cervical cancers and other anogenital cancers and head and neck carcinomas in both men and women. There is no effective drug fortreating HPV infection and HPV-associated carcinomas, largely due to a lack of models of natural HPV infection and the complexity of the HPV life cycle. There are no available cell lines from vulvar, anal, or penile lesions and cancers in the field. In this study, we established the first human cell line from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) with naturally infected HPV18 by conditional reprogramming (CR) method. Our data demonstrated that VIN cells possessed different biological characteristics and diploid karyotypes from HPV18-positive cancer cells (HeLa). Then, we determined that VIN cells contained episomal HPV18 using approaches including the ratio of HPV E2copy/E7copy, rolling cycle amplification, and sequencing. The VIN cells expressed squamous epithelium-specific markers that are different from HeLa cells, a cervical adenocarcinoma cell line. When cultured under 3D air-liquid interface (ALI) system, we observed the expression of both early and late differentiation markers involucrin and filaggrin. Most importantly, we were able to detect the expression of viral late gene L1 in the cornified layer of ALI 3D culture derived from VIN cells, suggesting quite different HPV genomic status from cancer cells. We also observed progeny viral particles under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in ALI 3D cultures, confirming the episomal HPV18 genome and active viral life cycle in the new cell line. To our knowledge, this is the first human VIN cell line with naturally infected HPV18 genome and provides a valuable model for HPV biology studies, HPV-associated cancer initiation and progression, and drug-screening platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yiyi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School, Wuhan 430071, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhaoyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (H.L.)
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University Taikang Medical School, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (H.L.)
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22
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Skelin J, Sabol I, Tomaić V. Do or Die: HPV E5, E6 and E7 in Cell Death Evasion. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11091027. [PMID: 36145459 PMCID: PMC9502459 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11091027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) infect the dividing cells of human epithelia and hijack the cellular replication machinery to ensure their own propagation. In the effort to adapt the cell to suit their own reproductive needs, the virus changes a number of processes, amongst which is the ability of the cell to undergo programmed cell death. Viral infections, forced cell divisions and mutations, which accumulate as a result of uncontrolled proliferation, all trigger one of several cell death pathways. Here, we examine the mechanisms employed by HPVs to ensure the survival of infected cells manipulated into cell cycle progression and proliferation.
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23
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The HPV Induced Cancer Resource (THInCR): a Suite of Tools for Investigating HPV-Dependent Human Carcinogenesis. mSphere 2022; 7:e0031722. [PMID: 35950764 PMCID: PMC9429961 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00317-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are highly infectious and cause the most common sexually transmitted viral infections. They induce hyperproliferation of squamous epithelial tissue, often forming warts. Virally encoded proteins reprogram gene expression and cell growth to create an optimal environment for viral replication. In addition to their normal roles in infection, functional alterations induced by viral proteins establish conditions that frequently contribute to human carcinogenesis. In fact, ~5% of human cancers are caused by HPVs, with virtually all cervical squamous cell carcinomas (CESC) and an increasing number of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSC) attributed to HPV infection. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) molecularly characterized thousands of primary human cancer samples in many cancer types, including CESC and HNSC, and created a comprehensive atlas of genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic data. This publicly available genome-wide information provides an unprecedented opportunity to expand the knowledge of the role that HPV plays in human carcinogenesis. While many tools exist to mine these data, few, if any, focus on the comparison of HPV-positive cancers with their HPV-negative counterparts or adjacent normal control tissue. We have constructed a suite of web-based tools, The HPV Induced Cancer Resource (THInCR), to utilize TCGA data for research related to HPV-induced CESC and HNSC. These tools allow investigators to gain greater biological and medical insights by exploring the impacts of HPV on cellular gene expression (mRNA and microRNA), altered gene methylation, and associations with patient survival and immune landscape features. These tools are accessible at https://thincr.ca/. IMPORTANCE The suite of analytical tools of THInCR provides the opportunity to investigate the roles that candidate target genes identified in cell lines or other model systems contribute to in actual HPV-dependent human cancers and is based on large-scale TCGA data sets. Expression of target genes, including both mRNA and microRNA, can be correlated with HPV gene expression, epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, patient survival, and numerous immune features, like leukocyte infiltration, interferon gamma response, T cell response, etc. Data from these analyses may immediately provide evidence to validate in vitro observations, reveal insights into mechanisms of virus-mediated alterations in cell growth, behavior, gene expression, and innate and adaptive immunity and may help hypothesis generation for further investigations.
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Small DNA tumor viruses and human cancer: Preclinical models of virus infection and disease. Tumour Virus Res 2022; 14:200239. [PMID: 35636683 PMCID: PMC9194455 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2022.200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tumor viruses cause various human cancers that account for at least 15% of the global cancer burden. Among the currently identified human tumor viruses, two are small DNA tumor viruses: human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). The study of small DNA tumor viruses (adenoviruses, polyomaviruses, and papillomaviruses) has facilitated several significant biological discoveries and established some of the first animal models of virus-associated cancers. The development and use of preclinical in vivo models to study HPVs and MCPyV and their role in human cancer is the focus of this review. Important considerations in the design of animal models of small DNA tumor virus infection and disease, including host range, cell tropism, choice of virus isolates, and the ability to recapitulate human disease, are presented. The types of infection-based and transgenic model strategies that are used to study HPVs and MCPyV, including their strengths and limitations, are also discussed. An overview of the current models that exist to study HPV and MCPyV infection and neoplastic disease are highlighted. These comparative models provide valuable platforms to study various aspects of virus-associated human disease and will continue to expand knowledge of human tumor viruses and their relationship with their hosts.
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25
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King RE, Ward-Shaw ET, Hu R, Lambert PF, Thibeault SL. Expanded Basal Compartment and Disrupted Barrier in Vocal Fold Epithelium Infected with Mouse Papillomavirus MmuPV1. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051059. [PMID: 35632798 PMCID: PMC9146965 DOI: 10.3390/v14051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laryngeal infection with low-risk human papillomaviruses can cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a disease with severe effects on vocal fold epithelium resulting in impaired voice function and communication. RRP research has been stymied by limited preclinical models. We recently reported a murine model of laryngeal MmuPV1 infection and disease in immunodeficient mice. In the current study, we compare quantitative and qualitative measures of epithelial proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and barrier between mice with MmuPV1-induced disease of the larynx and surrounding tissues and equal numbers of uninfected controls. Findings supported our hypothesis that laryngeal MmuPV1 infection recapitulates many features of RRP. Like RRP, MmuPV1 increased proliferation in infected vocal fold epithelium, expanded the basal compartment of cells, decreased differentiated cells, and altered cell–cell junctions and basement membrane. Effects of MmuPV1 on apoptosis were equivocal, as with RRP. Barrier markers resembled human neoplastic disease in severe MmuPV1-induced disease. We conclude that MmuPV1 infection of the mouse larynx provides a useful, if imperfect, preclinical model for RRP that will facilitate further study and treatment development for this intractable and devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E. King
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (R.E.K.); (E.T.W.-S.); (P.F.L.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ella T. Ward-Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (R.E.K.); (E.T.W.-S.); (P.F.L.)
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (R.E.K.); (E.T.W.-S.); (P.F.L.)
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence:
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A Novel In Vivo Model of Laryngeal Papillomavirus-Associated Disease Using Mus musculus Papillomavirus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051000. [PMID: 35632742 PMCID: PMC9147793 DOI: 10.3390/v14051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), caused by laryngeal infection with low-risk human papillomaviruses, has devastating effects on vocal communication and quality of life. Factors in RRP onset, other than viral presence in the airway, are poorly understood. RRP research has been stalled by limited preclinical models. The only known papillomavirus able to infect laboratory mice, Mus musculus papillomavirus (MmuPV1), induces disease in a variety of tissues. We hypothesized that MmuPV1 could infect the larynx as a foundation for a preclinical model of RRP. We further hypothesized that epithelial injury would enhance the ability of MmuPV1 to cause laryngeal disease, because injury is a potential factor in RRP and promotes MmuPV1 infection in other tissues. In this report, we infected larynges of NOD scid gamma mice with MmuPV1 with and without vocal fold abrasion and measured infection and disease pathogenesis over 12 weeks. Laryngeal disease incidence and severity increased earlier in mice that underwent injury in addition to infection. However, laryngeal disease emerged in all infected mice by week 12, with or without injury. Secondary laryngeal infections and disease arose in nude mice after MmuPV1 skin infections, confirming that experimentally induced injury is dispensable for laryngeal MmuPV1 infection and disease in immunocompromised mice. Unlike RRP, lesions were relatively flat dysplasias and they could progress to cancer. Similar to RRP, MmuPV1 transcript was detected in all laryngeal disease and in clinically normal larynges. MmuPV1 capsid protein was largely absent from the larynx, but productive infection arose in a case of squamous metaplasia at the level of the cricoid cartilage. Similar to RRP, disease spread beyond the larynx to the trachea and bronchi. This first report of laryngeal MmuPV1 infection provides a foundation for a preclinical model of RRP.
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27
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Hu J, Brendle SA, Li JJ, Walter V, Cladel NM, Cooper T, Shearer DA, Balogh KK, Christensen ND. Depo Medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) Promotes Papillomavirus Infections but Does Not Accelerate Disease Progression in the Anogenital Tract of a Mouse Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050980. [PMID: 35632722 PMCID: PMC9147738 DOI: 10.3390/v14050980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contraceptives such as Depo-medroxyprogesterone (DMPA) are used by an estimated 34 million women worldwide. DMPA has been associated with increased risk of several viral infections including Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In the current study, we used the mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) anogenital infection model to test two hypotheses: (1) contraceptives such as DMPA increase the susceptibility of the anogenital tract to viral infection and (2) long-term contraceptive administration induces more advanced disease at the anogenital tract. DMPA treatments of both athymic nude mice and heterozygous NU/J (Foxn1nu/+) but ovariectomized mice led to a significantly increased viral load at the anogenital tract, suggesting that endogenous sex hormones were involved in increased viral susceptibility by DMPA treatment. Consistent with previous reports, DMPA treatment suppressed host anti-viral activities at the lower genital tract. To test the impact of long-term contraceptive treatment on the MmuPV1-infected lower genital tract, we included two other treatments in addition to DMPA: 17β-estradiol and a non-hormone based contraceptive Cilostazol (CLZ, Pletal). Viral infections were monitored monthly up to nine months post infection by qPCR. The infected vaginal and anal tissues were harvested and further examined by histological, virological, and immunological analyses. Surprisingly, we did not detect a significantly higher grade of histology in animals in the long-term DMPA and 17β-estradiol treated groups when compared to the control groups in the athymic mice we tested. Therefore, although DMPA promotes initial papillomavirus infections in the lower genital tract, the chronic administration of DMPA does not promote cancer development in the infected tissues in our mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafen Hu
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Sarah A. Brendle
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jingwei J. Li
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nancy M. Cladel
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Timothy Cooper
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Debra A. Shearer
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Karla K. Balogh
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Neil D. Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.A.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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28
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Regauer S, Reich O, Kashofer K. Cervical Precancers Originate From Infected Proliferating Reserve Cells: A Comparative Histologic and Genetic Study of Thin and Thick High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:519-527. [PMID: 34619706 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced invasive cervical squamous cell cancer (SCC) develop via high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). In contrast to classic thick HSIL, thin HSIL (≤9 cell layers) are poorly documented. This study compares histology, HPV genotypes, and aberrations in 50 cancer genes of 45 thin HSIL to 45 thick HSIL, 20 pT1a SCC, and 40 ≥pT1b SCC. Thin HSIL arose from proliferating reserve cells within endocervical epithelium or immature metaplasia throughout the transformation zone after infection with high-risk HPV genotypes (36/45; 80%), and 20% non-high-risk HPV genotypes compared with 2.5% thick HSIL, pT1a SCC, and ≥pT1b SCC. Thin HSIL were multifocal proliferations with varying epithelial thickness between 1 and 2 to 9 cell layers, with occasional transitions to thick HSIL or concomitant lesions of thick HSIL. Overall, 40% thin HSIL were located distant to and most thick HSIL occurred near or at the squamocolumnar junction. Only 20% thick HSIL showed koilocytosis. All HSIL lacked somatic gene mutations, compared with 30% pT1a and 55%≥pT1b SCC. Overrepresented rare germline variants in the MET, JAK3, and FGFR3 genes occurred in all patient groups. In summary, thin and thick HSIL arose independently of somatic gene mutations. The maturation level of the squamous epithelium at the time of transforming infection determines if a thick HSIL develops directly from HPV-infected proliferating reserve cells via thin HSIL or in stratified glycogenated squamous epithelium via low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. These observations raise doubts about the biological relevance of separation into thin and thick HSIL. The oncogenic potential of HPV genotypes but also germline variants may influence the natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olaf Reich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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29
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Yoshida H, Shiraishi K, Kato T. Molecular Pathology of Human Papilloma Virus-Negative Cervical Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246351. [PMID: 34944973 PMCID: PMC8699825 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and is predominantly caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). However, a small subset of cervical cancers tests negative for HPV, including true HPV-independent cancers and false-negative cases. True HPV-negative cancers appear to be more prevalent in certain pathological adenocarcinoma subtypes, such as gastric- and clear-cell-type adenocarcinomas. Moreover, HPV-negative cervical cancers have proven to be a biologically distinct tumor subset that follows a different pathogenetic pathway to HPV-associated cervical cancers. HPV-negative cervical cancers are often diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis and are expected to persist in the post-HPV vaccination era; therefore, it is important to understand HPV-negative cancers. In this review, we provide a concise overview of the molecular pathology of HPV-negative cervical cancers, with a focus on their definitions, the potential causes of false-negative HPV tests, and the histology, genetic profiles, and pathogenesis of HPV-negative cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3457-5201
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
| | - Tomoyasu Kato
- Department of Gynecology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan;
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30
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Virus against virus: strategies for using adenovirus vectors in the treatment of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1981-1990. [PMID: 33633364 PMCID: PMC8633276 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are harmless, persistent infection with high-risk types of HPV is known to be the leading cause of cervical cancer. Following the infection of the epithelium and integration into the host genome, the oncogenic proteins E6 and E7 disrupt cell cycle control by inducing p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) degradation. Despite the FDA approval of prophylactic vaccines, there are still issues with cervical cancer treatment; thus, many therapeutic approaches have been developed to date. Due to strong immunogenicity, a high capacity for packaging foreign DNA, safety, and the ability to infect a myriad of cells, adenoviruses have drawn attention of researchers. Adenovirus vectors have been used for different purposes, including as oncolytic agents to kill cancer cells, carrier for RNA interference to block oncoproteins expression, vaccines for eliciting immune responses, especially in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and gene therapy vehicles for restoring p53 and Rb function.
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31
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Kabir IM, Dutsinma UA, Bala JA, Yusuf L, Abubakar SD, Kumurya AS, Bulama HA, Bello ZM, Aliyu IA. The Need for Therapeutic HPV Vaccines as a Means of Curbing the Menace of Cervical Cancer. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-021-00590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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32
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Regauer S, Reich O. The origin of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) - induced cervical squamous cancer. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:111-118. [PMID: 34655910 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most research models of HPV-associated squamous cervical carcinogenesis focus on stratified glycogenated squamous epithelium, a permissive environment for HPV-life-cycle completion, while immature squamous metaplastic epithelium and reserve cells as targets of HPV-infection have received less attention. Subcolumnar reserve cells of urogenital sinus origin with a CK17/p63-phenotype serve as the primary stem cell for squamous metaplasia. The area of manifest or potential squamous metaplasia, referred to as transformation zone, is the site where most squamous cancers occur after a transforming HPV infection of proliferating reserve cells and/or metaplastic epithelium. Improper use of terminology, in particular confusion of transformation zone with transition zone (synonymous: squamous-columnar junction or SCJ), as well as poorly substantiated postulates of a stem cell niche at the squamous-columnar junction with 'embryonic stem cell markers' have complicated understanding of HPV-related squamous carcinogenesis. Reserve cells as target cells and reservoirs of HPV should move into future research focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Regauer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Olaf Reich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
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33
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Brendle S, Li JJ, Cladel NM, Shearer DA, Budgeon LR, Balogh KK, Atkins H, Costa-Fujishima M, Lopez P, Christensen ND, Doorbar J, Murooka TT, Hu J. Mouse Papillomavirus L1 and L2 Are Dispensable for Viral Infection and Persistence at Both Cutaneous and Mucosal Tissues. Viruses 2021; 13:1824. [PMID: 34578405 PMCID: PMC8473024 DOI: 10.3390/v13091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillomavirus L1 and L2, the major and minor capsid proteins, play significant roles in viral assembly, entry, and propagation. In the current study, we investigate the impact of L1 and L2 on viral life cycle and tumor growth with a newly established mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) infection model. MmuPV1 L1 knockout, L2 knockout, and L1 plus L2 knockout mutant genomes (designated as L1ATGko-4m, L2ATGko, and L1-L2ATGko respectively) were generated. The mutants were examined for their ability to generate lesions in athymic nude mice. Viral activities were examined by qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. We demonstrated that viral DNA replication and tumor growth occurred at both cutaneous and mucosal sites infected with each of the mutants. Infections involving L1ATGko-4m, L2ATGko, and L1-L2ATGko mutant genomes generally resulted in smaller tumor sizes compared to infection with the wild type. The L1 protein was absent in L1ATGko-4m and L1-L2ATGko mutant-treated tissues, even though viral transcripts and E4 protein expression were robust. Therefore, L1 is not essential for MmuPV1-induced tumor growth, and this finding parallels our previous observations in the rabbit papillomavirus model. Very few viral particles were detected in L2ATGko mutant-infected tissues. Interestingly, the localization of L1 in lesions induced by L2ATGko was primarily cytoplasmic rather than nuclear. The findings support the hypothesis that the L2 gene influences the expression, location, transport, and assembly of the L1 protein in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brendle
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (L.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jingwei J. Li
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (L.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nancy M. Cladel
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (L.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Debra A. Shearer
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (L.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Lynn R. Budgeon
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (L.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Karla K. Balogh
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (L.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Hannah Atkins
- Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Marina Costa-Fujishima
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (M.C.-F.); (P.L.); (T.T.M.)
| | - Paul Lopez
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (M.C.-F.); (P.L.); (T.T.M.)
| | - Neil D. Christensen
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (L.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB21 QP, UK;
| | - Thomas T. Murooka
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (M.C.-F.); (P.L.); (T.T.M.)
| | - Jiafen Hu
- The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (S.B.); (J.J.L.); (N.M.C.); (D.A.S.); (L.R.B.); (K.K.B.); (N.D.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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34
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Tu Q, Feng W, Chen Z, Li Q, Zhao Y, Chen J, Jiang P, Xue X, Zhang L, Zhao KN. Characterization of Episomal Replication of Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 DNA in Long-Term Virion-Infected Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Culture. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1492-1502. [PMID: 34460066 PMCID: PMC8692549 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNA can replicate its genome and produce infectious virus-like particles in short term virion-infected S. cerevisiae (budding yeast) cultures (Zhao and Frazer 2002, Journal of Virology, 76:3359–64 and 76:12265–73). Here, we report the episomal replications of BPV-1 DNA in long term virion-infected S. cerevisiae culture up to 108 days. Episomal replications of the BPV-1 DNA could be divided into three patterns at three stages, early active replication (day 3–16), middle weak replication (day 23–34/45) and late stable replication (day 45–82). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis and Southern blot hybridization have revealed further that multiple replication intermediates of BPV-1 DNA including linear form, stranded DNA, monomers and higher oligomers were detected in the virion-infected yeast cells over the time course. Higher oligomers shown as covalently closed circular DNAs (cccDNAs) are the most important replication intermediates that serve as the main nuclear transcription template for producing all viral RNAs in the viral life cycle. In this study, the cccDNAs were generated at the early active replication stage with the highest frequencies and then at late stable replication, but they appeared to be suppressed at the middle weak replication. Our data provided a novel insight that BPV-1 genomic DNA could replicate episomally for the long period and produce the key replication intermediates cccDNAs in S. cerevisiae system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanmei Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuyin Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Weixu Feng
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qijia Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuyin Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuyin Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Kong-Nan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuyin Children Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China. .,Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China. .,Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067, Australia.
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35
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Syrjänen S, Syrjänen K. HPV-Associated Benign Squamous Cell Papillomas in the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract and Their Malignant Potential. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081624. [PMID: 34452488 PMCID: PMC8402864 DOI: 10.3390/v13081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell papilloma (SCP) in the upper aero-digestive tract is a rare disease entity with bimodal age presentation both at childhood and in adults. It originates from stratified squamous and/or respiratory epithelium. Traditionally, SCPs have been linked to chemical or mechanical irritation but, since the 1980s, they have also been associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Approximately 30% of the head and neck SCPs are associated with HPV infection, with this association being highest for laryngeal papillomas (76–94%), followed by oral (27–48%), sinonasal (25–40%), and oropharyngeal papillomas (6–7%). There is, however, a wide variation in HPV prevalence, the highest being in esophageal SCPs (11–57%). HPV6 and HPV11 are the two main HPV genotypes present, but these are also high-risk HPVs as they are infrequently detected. Some 20% of the oral and oropharyngeal papillomas also contain cutaneous HPV genotypes. Despite their benign morphology, some SCPs tend to recur and even undergo malignant transformation. The highest malignant potential is associated with sinonasal inverted papillomas (7–11%). This review discusses the evidence regarding HPV etiology of benign SCPs in the upper aero-digestive tract and their HPV-related malignant transformation. In addition, studies on HPV exposure at an early age are discussed, as are the animal models shedding light on HPV transmission, viral latency, and its reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina Syrjänen
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Correspondence:
| | - Kari Syrjänen
- Department of Clinical Research, Biohit Oyj, 00880 Helsinki, Finland;
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36
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Henkle TR, Lam B, Kung YJ, Lin J, Tseng SH, Ferrall L, Xing D, Hung CF, Wu TC. Development of a Novel Mouse Model of Spontaneous High-Risk HPVE6/E7-Expressing Carcinoma in the Cervicovaginal Tract. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4560-4569. [PMID: 34215618 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Current preclinical models for cervical cancer lack important clinical and pathologic features. To improve upon these models, we aimed to develop a novel, spontaneous HPV16-expressing carcinoma model that captures major aspects of HPV-associated cancer in the female genital tract. This novel preclinical model features (i) expression of HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 in the tumors in female reproductive tract of mice, (ii) spontaneous progression through high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) to carcinoma, and (iii) flexibility to model cancers from different high-risk HPV genotypes. This was accomplished by injecting plasmids expressing HPV16 E6/E7-luciferase, AKT, c-myc, and Sleeping Beauty transposase into the cervicovaginal tract of C57BL/6 mice followed by electroporation. Cell lines derived from these tumors expressed HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes, formed tumors in immunocompetent mice, and displayed carcinoma morphology. In all, this novel HPV-associated cervicogenital carcinoma model and HPV16E6/E7-expressing tumor cell line improves upon current HPV16-E6/E7-expressing tumor models. These tumor models may serve as important preclinical models for the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines or novel therapeutic interventions against HPV E6/E7-expressing tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the development of a clinically relevant mouse model of cervicovaginal carcinoma that progresses from high-grade lesions and recapitulates key features of human HPV+ cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia R Henkle
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yu Jui Kung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Louise Ferrall
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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37
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Functional roles of female sex hormones and their nuclear receptors in cervical cancer. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:941-950. [PMID: 34156060 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There has been little progress for several decades in modalities to treat cervical cancer. While the cervix is a hormone-sensitive tissue, physiologic roles of estrogen receptor α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), and their ligands in this tissue are poorly understood. It has hampered critical assessments of data in early epidemiologic and clinical studies for cervical cancer. Experimental evidence obtained from studies using mouse models has provided new insights into the molecular mechanism of ERα and PR in cervical cancer. In a mouse model expressing human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes, exogenous estrogen promotes cervical cancer through stromal ERα. In the same mouse model, genetic ablation of PR promotes cervical carcinogenesis without exogenous estrogen. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, a PR-activating drug, regresses cervical cancer in the mouse model. These results support that ERα and PR play opposite roles in cervical cancer. They further support that ERα inhibition and PR activation may be translated into valuable treatment for a subset of cervical cancers.
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38
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Huang Y, Tian Y, Zhang W, Liu R, Zhang W. Rab12 Promotes Radioresistance of HPV-Positive Cervical Cancer Cells by Increasing G2/M Arrest. Front Oncol 2021; 11:586771. [PMID: 33718142 PMCID: PMC7947205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.586771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HPV-positive (HPV+) cervical cancer cells are more radioresistant compared with HPV-negative (HPV-) cervical cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism is not fully illuminated. Our previous mass spectrometry data showed that Ras-associated binding protein Rab12 was up-regulated by HPV, and this study is to investigate the role of Rab12 in the radioresistance of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. Methods CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and Western blot were performed to determine cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and protein expressions. DNA damage and repair levels were measured by comet assays and detection of γ-H2AX, XRCC4, and pBRCA1 protein expressions. Results Rab12 mRNA and protein expressions were up-regulated in cervical cancer tissues and HPV+ cervical cancer cells. Knockdown of Rab12 enhanced radiosensitivity while overexpression of Rab12 promotes radioresistance. Knockdown of Rab12 alleviated G2/M arrest by decreasing p-Cdc2(Tyr15) after radiation, which was a result of the reduction of p-Cdc25C(Ser216). Rab12 knockdown caused more DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and inhibited DNA homologous recombination repair (HRR) after radiation. Instead, overexpression of Rab12 enhanced radioresistance by increasing G2/M arrest, which provided more time for DNA HRR. Conclusions Rab12 may serve as a potential therapeutic target to improve clinical treatment outcome of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yonghao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruijuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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39
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Koban R, Lam T, Schwarz F, Kloke L, Bürge S, Ellerbrok H, Neumann M. Simplified Bioprinting-Based 3D Cell Culture Infection Models for Virus Detection. Viruses 2020; 12:E1298. [PMID: 33198291 PMCID: PMC7698278 DOI: 10.3390/v12111298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of virus-host interactions in vitro may be hindered by biological characteristics of conventional monolayer cell cultures that differ from in vivo infection. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures show more in vivo-like characteristics and may represent a promising alternative for characterisation of infections. In this study, we established easy-to-handle cell culture platforms based on bioprinted 3D matrices for virus detection and characterisation. Different cell types were cultivated on these matrices and characterised for tissue-like growth characteristics regarding cell morphology and polarisation. Cells developed an in vivo-like morphology and long-term cultivation was possible on the matrices. Cell cultures were infected with viruses which differed in host range, tissue tropism, cytopathogenicity, and genomic organisation and virus morphology. Infections were characterised on molecular and imaging level. The transparent matrix substance allowed easy optical monitoring of cells and infection even via live-cell microscopy. In conclusion, we established an enhanced, standardised, easy-to-handle bioprinted 3D-cell culture system. The infection models are suitable for sensitive monitoring and characterisation of virus-host interactions and replication of different viruses under physiologically relevant conditions. Individual cell culture models can further be combined to a multicellular array. This generates a potent diagnostic tool for propagation and characterisation of viruses from diagnostic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Koban
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.K.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Tobias Lam
- Cellbricks GmbH, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (T.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.K.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Lutz Kloke
- Cellbricks GmbH, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany; (T.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Silvio Bürge
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Heinz Ellerbrok
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.K.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Markus Neumann
- Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (R.K.); (F.S.); (M.N.)
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40
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Barboi A, Gibbons CH, Axelrod F, Benarroch EE, Biaggioni I, Chapleau MW, Chelimsky G, Chelimsky T, Cheshire WP, Claydon VE, Freeman R, Goldstein DS, Joyner MJ, Kaufmann H, Low PA, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Robertson D, Shibao CA, Singer W, Snapper H, Vernino S, Raj SR. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and autonomic disorders: a position statement from the American Autonomic Society. Auton Neurosci 2020; 223:102550. [PMID: 31928708 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been anecdotally connected to development of dysautonomia, chronic fatigue, complex regional pain syndrome and postural tachycardia syndrome. OBJECTIVES To critically evaluate a potential connection between HPV vaccination and above noted conditions. METHODS We reviewed the literature containing the biology of the virus, pathophysiology of infection, epidemiology of associated cancers, indications of HPV vaccination, safety surveillance data and published reports linking HPV vaccination to autonomic disorders. RESULTS At this time the American Autonomic Society finds that there are no data to support a causal relationship between HPV vaccination and CRPS, chronic fatigue, POTS or other forms of dysautonomia. CONCLUSIONS Certain conditions are prevalent in the same patient populations that are vaccinated with the HPV vaccine (peri-pubertal males and females). This association, however, is insufficient proof of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Barboi
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University Health System, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Christopher H Gibbons
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felicia Axelrod
- Departments of Neurology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Italo Biaggioni
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark W Chapleau
- Departments of Medicine & Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gisela Chelimsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thomas Chelimsky
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Victoria E Claydon
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Roy Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Horacio Kaufmann
- Departments of Neurology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip A Low
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - David Robertson
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cyndya A Shibao
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Howard Snapper
- Cardiology Division, Wellstar Healthcare System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven Vernino
- Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Satish R Raj
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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41
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Escarcega-Tame MA, López-Hurtado M, Escobedo-Guerra MR, Reyes-Maldonado E, Castro-Escarpulli G, Guerra-Infante FM. Co-infection between genotypes of the human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis in Mexican women. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:1255-1262. [PMID: 32998641 DOI: 10.1177/0956462420947587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Not all human papillomavirus (HPV) infections develop into cervical cancer (CC), so it is proposed that other factors may influence this, such as co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). To identify the prevalence of co-infection, we included 189 women with suspicion of HPV. Viral typing was performed by carrying out the Roche HP Linear Array test, while CT detection was performed with the COBAS® TaqMan® 48 kit from Roche. Of the 189 women only 184 had an infection with HPV, CT or both: 56.6% were positive for one or several HPV genotypes, and 67.7% for CT. Clinical data showed an association between HPV and CIN I (n = 22; RR = 2.43; 95% CI 1.72-3.43, p < 0.05). CT infection was only associated with cervicitis (n = 40; RR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.34-2.23, p < 0.05). The CT-HPV co-infection rate was 28%. Co-infection revealed an association with CIN I (n = 31, RR= 3.33; 95% CI 2.08-5.34 p < 0.05), CIN III (n = 7; RR = 2.57; 95% CI 1.53-4.31, p < 0.05); and a significant risk of 2.3 (95% CI 1.08-4.90) times higher to develop CC; nevertheless, this risk was not statistically significant. CT/HPV co-infection was associated with the development of a high-grade lesion (CIN III) as well as an important risk for developing CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Escarcega-Tame
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Infectología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcela López-Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Infectología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcos R Escobedo-Guerra
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Infectología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Laboratorio de Citología, Departamento de Morfología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica y Ambiental, Departamento de Microbiología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando M Guerra-Infante
- Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Infectología del Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Colonia Lomas de los Virreyes, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Microbiologia Veterinaria, Departamento de Microbiología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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An Immunocompetent Mouse Model of HPV16(+) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1660-1674.e7. [PMID: 31693903 PMCID: PMC6870917 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing and implicated in more than 60% of all oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPSCCs). Although whole-genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses have identified altered signaling pathways in HPV-induced HNSCCs, additional tools are needed to investigate the unique pathobiology of OPSCC. Herein, bioinformatics analyses of human HPV(+) HNSCCs revealed that all tumors express full-length E6 and identified molecular subtypes based on relative E6 and E7 expression levels. To recapitulate the levels, stoichiometric ratios, and anatomic location of E6/E7 expression, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model whereby balanced expression of E6/E7 is directed to the oropharyngeal epithelium. The addition of a mutant PIK3CAE545K allele leads to the rapid development of pre-malignant lesions marked by immune cell accumulation, and a subset of these lesions progress to OPSCC. This mouse provides a faithful immunocompetent model for testing treatments and investigating mechanisms of immuno- suppression. Carper et al. present the ‘‘iKHP’’ mouse, in which HPV16 oncogenes are inducibly activated in vivo in a tissue-specific and temporal manner. Oropharyngeal- specific expression of E6/E7 with PIK3CAE545K in these mice promotes the development of premalignant lesions marked by immune cell infiltration, but only a subset spontaneously convert to OPSCC.
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Role of Alternatively Spliced Messenger RNA (mRNA) Isoforms of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in Selected Human Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196995. [PMID: 32977489 PMCID: PMC7582825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is a key regulator of tissue growth and development that is also implicated in the initiation and progression of various cancers. The human IGF1 gene contains six exons and five long introns, the transcription of which is controlled by two promoters (P1 and P2). Alternate promoter usage, as well as alternative splicing (AS) of IGF1, results in the expression of six various variants (isoforms) of mRNA, i.e., IA, IB, IC, IIA, IIB, and IIC. A mature 70-kDa IGF1 protein is coded only by exons 3 and 4, while exons 5 and 6 are alternatively spliced code for the three C-terminal E peptides: Ea (exon 6), Eb (exon 5), and Ec (fragments of exons 5 and 6). The most abundant of those transcripts is IGF1Ea, followed by IGF1Eb and IGF1Ec (also known as mechano-growth factor, MGF). The presence of different IGF1 transcripts suggests tissue-specific auto- and/or paracrine action, as well as separate regulation of both of these gene promoters. In physiology, the role of different IGF1 mRNA isoforms and pro-peptides is best recognized in skeletal muscle tissue. Their functions include the development and regeneration of muscles, as well as maintenance of proper muscle mass. In turn, in nervous tissue, a neuroprotective function of short peptides, produced as a result of IGF1 expression and characterized by significant blood-brain barrier penetrance, has been described and could be a potential therapeutic target. When it comes to the regulation of carcinogenesis, the potential biological role of different var iants of IGF1 mRNAs and pro-peptides is also intensively studied. This review highlights the role of IGF1 isoform expression (mRNAs, proteins) in physiology and different types of human tumors (e.g., breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, osteosarcoma, prostate and thyroid cancers), as well as mechanisms of IGF1 spliced variants involvement in tumor biology.
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Shiraz A, Crawford R, Egawa N, Griffin H, Doorbar J. The early detection of cervical cancer. The current and changing landscape of cervical disease detection. Cytopathology 2020; 31:258-270. [PMID: 32301535 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer prevention has undergone dramatic changes over the past decade. With the introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, some countries have seen a dramatic decline in HPV-mediated cervical disease. However, widespread implementation has been limited by economic considerations and the varying healthcare priorities of different countries, as well as by vaccine availability and, in some instances, vaccine hesitancy amongst the population/government. In this environment, it is clear that cervical screening will retain a critical role in the prevention of cervical cancer and will in due course need to adapt to the changing incidence of HPV-associated neoplasia. Cervical screening has, for many years, been performed using Papanicolaou staining of cytology samples. As our understanding of the role of HPV in cervical cancer progression has advanced, and with the availability of sensitive detection systems, cervical screening now incorporates HPV testing. Although such tests improve disease detection, they are not specific, and cannot discriminate high-grade from low-grade disease. This has necessitated the development of effective triage approaches to stratify HPV-positive women according to their risk of cancer progression. Although cytology triage remains the mainstay of screening, novel strategies under evaluation include DNA methylation, biomarker detection and the incorporation of artificial intelligence systems to detect cervical abnormalities. These tests, which can be partially anchored in a molecular understanding of HPV pathogenesis, will enhance the sensitivity of disease detection and improve patient outcomes. This review will provide insight on these innovative methodologies while explaining their scientific basis drawing from our understanding of HPV tumour biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam Shiraz
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Gynae-Oncology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin Crawford
- Department of Gynae-Oncology, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nagayasu Egawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather Griffin
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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De Gregorio V, Urciuolo F, Netti PA, Imparato G. In Vitro Organotypic Systems to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-Related Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1150. [PMID: 32375253 PMCID: PMC7281263 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the well-known role of chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in causing tumors (i.e., all cervical cancers and other human malignancies from the mucosal squamous epithelia, including anogenital and oropharyngeal cavity), its persistence is not sufficient for cancer development. Other co-factors contribute to the carcinogenesis process. Recently, the critical role of the underlying stroma during the HPV life cycle and HPV-induced disease have been investigated. The tumor stroma is a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is a specialized entity. The TME is dynamic, interactive, and constantly changing-able to trigger, support, and drive tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. In previous years, in vitro organotypic raft cultures and in vivo genetically engineered mouse models have provided researchers with important information on the interactions between HPVs and the epithelium. Further development for an in-depth understanding of the interaction between HPV-infected tissue and the surrounding microenvironment is strongly required. In this review, we critically describe the HPV-related cancers modeled in vitro from the simplified 'raft culture' to complex three-dimensional (3D) organotypic models, focusing on HPV-associated cervical cancer disease platforms. In addition, we review the latest knowledge in the field of in vitro culture systems of HPV-associated malignancies of other mucosal squamous epithelia (anogenital and oropharynx), as well as rare cutaneous non-melanoma associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza De Gregorio
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.U.); (P.A.N.)
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Urciuolo
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.U.); (P.A.N.)
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB), University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.U.); (P.A.N.)
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMAPI) University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Imparato
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for HealthCare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
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A Mouse Model of Oropharyngeal Papillomavirus-Induced Neoplasia Using Novel Tools for Infection and Nasal Anesthesia. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040450. [PMID: 32316091 PMCID: PMC7232375 DOI: 10.3390/v12040450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human head and neck cancers that develop from the squamous cells of the oropharynx (Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas or OPSCC) are commonly associated with the papillomavirus infection. A papillomavirus infection-based mouse model of oropharyngeal tumorigenesis would be valuable for studying the development and treatment of these tumors. We have developed an efficient system using the mouse papillomavirus (MmuPV1) to generate dysplastic oropharyngeal lesions, including tumors, in the soft palate and the base of the tongue of two immune-deficient strains of mice. To maximize efficiency and safety during infection and endoscopy, we have designed a nose cone for isoflurane-induced anesthesia that takes advantage of a mouse’s need to breathe nasally and has a large window for oral manipulations. To reach and infect the oropharynx efficiently, we have repurposed the Greer Pick allergy testing device as a virus delivery tool. We show that the Pick can be used to infect the epithelium of the soft palate and the base of the tongue of mice directly, without prior scarification. The ability to induce and track oropharyngeal papillomavirus-induced tumors in the mouse, easily and robustly, will facilitate the study of oropharyngeal tumorigenesis and potential treatments.
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Spurgeon ME, Lambert PF. Mus musculus Papillomavirus 1: a New Frontier in Animal Models of Papillomavirus Pathogenesis. J Virol 2020; 94:e00002-20. [PMID: 32051276 PMCID: PMC7163119 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00002-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of viral pathogenesis are essential tools in human disease research. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a significant public health issue due to their widespread sexual transmission and oncogenic potential. Infection-based models of papillomavirus pathogenesis have been complicated by their strict species and tissue specificity. In this Gem, we discuss the discovery of a murine papillomavirus, Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 (MmuPV1), and how its experimental use represents a major advancement in models of papillomavirus-induced pathogenesis/carcinogenesis, and their transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Spurgeon
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paul F Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Łaniewski P, Ilhan ZE, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. The microbiome and gynaecological cancer development, prevention and therapy. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:232-250. [PMID: 32071434 PMCID: PMC9977514 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The female reproductive tract (FRT), similar to other mucosal sites, harbours a site-specific microbiome, which has an essential role in maintaining health and homeostasis. In the majority of women of reproductive age, the microbiota of the lower FRT (vagina and cervix) microenvironment is dominated by Lactobacillus species, which benefit the host through symbiotic relationships. By contrast, the upper FRT (uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries) might be sterile in healthy individuals or contain a low-biomass microbiome with a diverse mixture of microorganisms. When dysbiosis occurs, altered immune and metabolic signalling can affect hallmarks of cancer, including chronic inflammation, epithelial barrier breach, changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis, genome instability, angiogenesis and metabolic dysregulation. These pathophysiological changes might lead to gynaecological cancer. Emerging evidence shows that genital dysbiosis and/or specific bacteria might have an active role in the development and/or progression and metastasis of gynaecological malignancies, such as cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers, through direct and indirect mechanisms, including modulation of oestrogen metabolism. Cancer therapies might also alter microbiota at sites throughout the body. Reciprocally, microbiota composition can influence the efficacy and toxic effects of cancer therapies, as well as quality of life following cancer treatment. Modulation of the microbiome via probiotics or microbiota transplant might prove useful in improving responsiveness to cancer treatment and quality of life. Elucidating these complex host-microbiome interactions, including the crosstalk between distal and local sites, will translate into interventions for prevention, therapeutic efficacy and toxic effects to enhance health outcomes for women with gynaecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łaniewski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine – Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zehra Esra Ilhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine – Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa M. Herbst-Kralovetz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine – Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine – Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA,UA Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Phoenix/Tucson, AZ, USA,Correspondence:
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Cladel NM, Peng X, Christensen N, Hu J. The rabbit papillomavirus model: a valuable tool to study viral-host interactions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180294. [PMID: 30955485 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) was the first DNA virus shown to be tumorigenic. The virus has since been renamed and is officially known as Sylvilagus floridanus papillomavirus 1 (SfPV1). Since its inception as a surrogate preclinical model for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, the SfPV1/rabbit model has been widely used to study viral-host interactions and has played a pivotal role in the successful development of three prophylactic virus-like particle vaccines. In this review, we will focus on the use of the model to gain a better understanding of viral pathogenesis, gene function and host immune responses to viral infections. We will discuss the application of the model in HPV-associated vaccine testing, in therapeutic vaccine development (using our novel HLA-A2.1 transgenic rabbits) and in the development and validation of novel anti-viral and anti-tumour compounds. Our goal is to demonstrate the role the SfPV1/rabbit model has played, and continues to play, in helping to unravel the intricacies of papillomavirus infections and to develop tools to thwart the disease. This article is part of the theme issue 'Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M Cladel
- 1 The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 17033 , USA.,2 Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 17033 , USA
| | - Xuwen Peng
- 3 Department of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 17033 , USA
| | - Neil Christensen
- 1 The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 17033 , USA.,2 Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 17033 , USA.,4 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 17033 , USA
| | - Jiafen Hu
- 1 The Jake Gittlen Laboratories for Cancer Research, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 17033 , USA.,2 Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 17033 , USA
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Digesu GA, Vieira‐Baptista P, Tailor V, Stockdale C, Preti M. Response letter to comments related to “The clinical role of LASER for vulvar and vaginal treatments in gynecology and female urology: An ICS/ISSVD best practice consensus document”. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:473-476. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.24229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Vieira‐Baptista
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Lusíadas Porto Porto Portugal
- Lower Genital Tract Unit Centro Hospitalar de São João Porto Portugal
| | - Visha Tailor
- Department of Urogynaecology Imperial College Healthcare London UK
| | - Colleen Stockdale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
| | - Mario Preti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Torino Torino Italy
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