1
|
Chatzikalil E, Roka K, Diamantopoulos PT, Rigatou E, Avgerinou G, Kattamis A, Solomou EE. Venetoclax Combination Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Adolescents and Young Adult Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2046. [PMID: 38610812 PMCID: PMC11012941 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the prognosis in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has significantly improved. The standard intensive cytotoxic treatment approach for AYAs with AML, consisting of induction chemotherapy with anthracycline/cytarabine combination followed by consolidation chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation, has lately been shifting toward novel targeted therapies, mostly in the fields of clinical trials. One of the most recent advances in treating AML is the combination of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitor venetoclax with hypomethylating agents, which has been studied in elderly populations and was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients over 75 years of age or patients excluded from intensive chemotherapy induction schemas due to comorbidities. Regarding the AYA population, venetoclax combination therapy could be a therapeutic option for patients with refractory/relapsed (R/R) AML, although data from real-world studies are currently limited. Venetoclax is frequently used by AYAs diagnosed with advanced hematologic malignancies, mainly acute lymphoblastic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes, as a salvage therapeutic option with considerable efficacy and safety. Herein, we aim to summarize the evidence obtained from clinical trials and observational studies on venetoclax use in AYAs with AML. Based on the available evidence, venetoclax is a safe and effective therapeutic option for R/R AML AYA patients. However, further research in larger cohorts is needed to confirm these data, establishing the benefits of a venetoclax-based regimen for this special population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chatzikalil
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleoniki Roka
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis T. Diamantopoulos
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Efthymia Rigatou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Avgerinou
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.C.); (K.R.); (E.R.); (G.A.); (A.K.)
- “Aghia Sofia” Children’s Hospital ERN-PeadCan Center, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Elena E. Solomou
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras Medical School, 26500 Rion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Critoph DJ, Cable M, Farmer J, Hatcher HM, Kuhn I, Taylor RM, Smith LAM. Is there scope to do better? Clinical communication with adolescents and young adults with cancer-A scoping review. Psychooncology 2024; 33:e6317. [PMID: 38573227 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION How to communicate effectively with adolescent and young adults with cancer (AYACs) is a research priority. In a UK-wide survey of young people with cancer's research priorities, communication was a striking cross-cutting theme. It is increasingly recognised that AYACs have experiences and communication needs that differ significantly from those of younger children and older adults. The purpose of this review is to explore the features of effective clinical communication with AYACs. METHODS A literature search was undertaken to identify and map the available evidence using a broad scope to get an overview of the pertinent literature, identify knowledge gaps and clarify concepts. The searches yielded 5825 records, generating 4040 unique articles. These were screened and 71 full articles were read by four researchers with disagreements resolved by discussion leaving 29 included articles. Narrative synthesis was undertaken in relation to each of the research questions. RESULTS Three key themes were identified: being an adolescent/young adult, supporters, and healthcare professionals (HCPs). AYACs need to feel that HCPs understand their unique perspective. They want to be involved, this changes over time and in different contexts. Supporters are a central tenet, are most often parents and undertake several roles which are not always universally supportive. HCPs enable involvement of AYACs, and this needs to be actively promoted. AYACs preference for their level of involvement requires continual assessment. The three themes are interlinked and exist within the wider scope of the triadic encounter and cancer experience. CONCLUSION Supporters, most often parents were a key feature across the data and were seemingly paradoxical in nature. Triadic communication, the presence of a third person, is a central tenet of communication with AYACs and we propose a conceptual model to represent the nuances, components, and facets of this complex communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J Critoph
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Cable
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica Farmer
- Haematology & Oncology Department, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen M Hatcher
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isla Kuhn
- Isla Kuhn, Head of Medical Library Services, University of Cambridge Medical Library, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel M Taylor
- Centre for Nurse, Midwife and Allied Health Profession Led Research (CNMAR), University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luke A M Smith
- Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarkar S, Stitzlein LM, Chandra J. Impact of electronic cigarettes on pediatric, adolescent and young adult leukemia patients. PEDIATRIC MEDICINE (HONG KONG, CHINA) 2024; 7:3. [PMID: 38616981 PMCID: PMC11014418 DOI: 10.21037/pm-23-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes, which deliver an aerosolized, nicotine-containing product upon inhalation, are a public health issue that continue to gain popularity among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Use of electronic cigarettes is wide, and extends to pediatric patients with multiple comorbidities, including childhood cancer, leaving them vulnerable to further negative health outcomes. Acute leukemias are the most common type of cancer in pediatric populations, and treatment outcomes for these patients are improving; consequently, there is an increased emphasis on the effect of behavioral lifestyle factors on quality of life in survivorship. The rate of electronic cigarette use is higher among pediatric patients with a history of cancer than those without a history of cancer. Because electronic cigarettes are relatively new, much about their acute and long-term consequences remains unknown, as is their effect on therapy outcomes and long-term survivorship. This review article summarizes current knowledge about electronic cigarettes, including their composition and the trends in use among pediatric patients. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive description of the impact electronic cigarettes have on leukemia development, treatment and survivorship and highlights gaps in knowledge that will be necessary for developing recommendations, management strategies, and tailored treatments for pediatric leukemia patients and survivors who use these nicotine products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanila Sarkar
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lea M. Stitzlein
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joya Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics Research, Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Energy Balance in Cancer Prevention and Survivorship, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ge S, Wang J, He Q, Zhu J, Liu P, Wang H, Zhang F. Auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or chemotherapy? Meta-analysis of clinical choice for AML. Ann Hematol 2024:10.1007/s00277-024-05632-z. [PMID: 38267560 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
For patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not candidates for allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) or do not have a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donor, it is unclear whether autologous SCT (ASCT) has a better prognosis after the first complete response (CR1) compared to further chemotherapy treatment. A meta-analysis evaluating ASCT compared to further chemotherapy for AML patients in CR1 was performed. The Medline, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and National Knowledge Infrastructure of China databases were searched for relevant literature as of May 26, 2023. Eligible studies included prospectively enrolled adults with AML and randomized first-time respondent patients who did not have a matched sibling donor. Fourteen randomized controlled trials were identified and included 4281 participants, of which 1499 patients received ASCT and 2782 underwent chemotherapy and continued follow-up. In patients with AML in CR1, a lower relapse rate was associated with ASCT compared to chemotherapy [odds ratio (OR) = 0.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.41-0.57]. Significant disease-free survival (DFS; OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.02-1.84) and relapse-free survival (RFS; OR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.28-6.02) ASCT benefits were documented, and there was no difference in the overall survival (OS) when the studies were pooled (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.85-1.48). The study results indicated that after the first remission, AML patients receiving autologous stem cell transplantation had higher DFS and RFS, similar OS, and lower relapse compared to patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment. This indicated that autologous stem cell transplantation may have a better prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songyu Ge
- First Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jining Wang
- Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Pai Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie KY, Chen SZ, Wang Y, Zeng ML, Liu XY, Liang Y, Wei J. Establishment and validation of a prognostic immune-related lncRNA risk model for acute myeloid leukemia. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:3693-3702. [PMID: 38192996 PMCID: PMC10774049 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer arising in the bone marrow and is the most common type of adult leukemia. AML has a poor prognosis, and currently, its prognosis evaluation does not include immune status assessment. This study established an immune-related long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) prognostic risk model for AML based on immune lncRNAs screening. Methods To construct training and validation cohorts, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public databases were accessed to obtain gene expression profiles and clinical data. The correlation between lncRNAs and immunity genes was analyzed using the "limma" package, and the immune-related lncRNAs were obtained. Through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, a prognostic model was established with immune-related lncRNAs. Using the median risk score, patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, whereas the accuracy of the risk model was evaluated using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, risk score distribution, survival status, and risk heat maps. We utilized univariate and multivariate Cox regression to examine the association between risk score and clinical variables and AML survival and prognosis. Results In the immune-related lncRNA prognostic risk model, the prognosis was better for low-risk than for high-risk patients, indicating risk score of this model as an independent indicator of prognosis. The area under the curve value for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival of TCGA patients was 0.817, 0.859, and 0.909, respectively, whereas that of GEO patients (of dataset GPL96-GSE37642) was 0.603, 0.652, and 0.624, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed the enrichment of multiple pathways, such as antigen processing, B-cell receptor signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and chemokines, in high-risk patients. Conclusions In this study, immune-related lncRNA prognostic risk models effectively predicted AML survival and provided potential treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ying Xie
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shu-Zhao Chen
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Lan Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yang Liang
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ahmadvand M, Barough MS, Barkhordar M, Faridfar A, Ghaderi A, Jalaeikhoo H, Rajaienejad M, Majidzadeh K, Ghavamzadeh A, Sarrami-Forooshani R. Phase I non-randomized clinical trial of allogeneic natural killer cells infusion in acute myeloid leukemia patients. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:1090. [PMID: 37950209 PMCID: PMC10636850 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new type of immune cell transplantation called allogeneic NK cell infusion is proposed as a potential universal off-the-shelf cell product for adoptive immune cell therapy in hematologic malignancies. DESIGN A multicentral phase I non-randomized clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety, feasibility, and potential efficacy of adoptively infused NK cells in patients with refractory/relapsed AML. We evaluated the feasibility of the trial by considering cell production, patient selection, and treatment protocol. METHOD Allogeneic NK cells were produced from random healthy unrelated donors; 10 patients were selected according to the inclusion criteria and were included in two groups in case of NK cell dose escalation. Two cell infusions were given, spaced 7 days apart, following a lymphodepletion conditioning regimen of fludarabin-endoxan administered 7 days before the first infusion. The intervention safety was scored using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) based on variations in vital signs due to cell infusion. NK cell chimerism, tumor burden, and duration of relapse were considered to be components of efficacy. The pilot feasibility evaluation was checked using the CONSORT platform. RESULTS The NK cell infusion procedure was well tolerated, and no grade 2-5 toxicities related (possible or probable) to PB-NK cell infusion were observed. Four patients developed grade 1 transient chills, headaches, vomiting, and bone pain following each PB-NK cell infusion that were not required hospitalization. One of these patients (p01) died because of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Of 9 evaluable patients, 6 (66.6%) showed stable disease (SD) and 3 (33.3%) presented progressive disease (PD). Of 6 SD patients, 2 (p08 and p09) remained alive in SD and 3 patients (p04, p05 and p07) converted to PD at 9 months after infusion of NK cells, and 1 (p03) was not evaluable due to follow-up loss. No patient achieved complete remission. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of adoptive transfer of random healthy unrelated donor PB-NK cells in refractory/relapsed AML patients and supports continued study in phase II clinical trials in relapsed/refractory AML patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Shokrollahi Barough
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barkhordar
- Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Faridfar
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Ghaderi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology Ward, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hasan Jalaeikhoo
- Research Center for Cancer Epidemiology and Screening, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rajaienejad
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer and cell therapy research center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Sarrami-Forooshani
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu H, Xu Y, Xia J, Guo X, Fang Y, Fan J, Li F, Wu J, Zheng G, Liu Y. Identification and analysis of methylation signature genes and association with immune infiltration in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:14965-14982. [PMID: 37606761 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common leukemia with low cure rate and poor prognosis among pediatric patients. The regulation of AML immune microenvironment and methylation remains to be explored. Pediatric and adult AML patients differ significantly in epigenetic factors, and the efficiency of treatment modalities varies between the two groups of patients. METHODS We collected mRNA, miRNA and DNA methylation data from pediatric AML patients across multiple databases. Differentially expression genes were identified, and a gene-miRNA regulatory network was constructed. Prognostic risk models were established by integrating LASSO and Cox regression, and a nomogram was generated. Based on this model, we investigated tumor-infiltrating immune cells and cell communication, analyzing the biological functions and pathways associated with prognostic factors. Furthermore, the relationships between all prognostic factors and gene modules were explored, and the impact of these factors on treatment modalities was determined. RESULTS We developed an efficient prognostic risk model and identified HOXA9, SORT1, SH3BP5, mir-224 and mir-335 as biomarkers. We validated these findings in an external dataset and observed a correlation between age and risk in pediatric patients. AML samples with lower risk scores have a better prognosis and higher expression of immune-upregulated biomarkers, and have lower immune scores. Furthermore, we detected discrepancies in immune cell infiltration and interactions between high- and low-risk group samples, which affected the efficacy of immunotherapy. We evaluated all prognostic factors and predicted the effect of immunotherapy and medicine. CONCLUSION This study comprehensively investigated the role of methylation signature genes in pediatric AML at the level of genomes and transcriptomes. The research aims to enhance the risk stratification, prognosis evaluation and assessment of treatment effectiveness of AML patients. This study also highlight the uniqueness of pediatric AML and foster the development of new immunotherapy and targeted therapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Yanbo Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Jun Xia
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Xu Guo
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Yujie Fang
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Jingzhi Fan
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Fangjun Li
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Jinhong Wu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Guoliang Zheng
- Liaoning Cancer Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110042, China.
| | - Yubo Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, 124221, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tomizawa D, Tsujimoto SI. Risk-Stratified Therapy for Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4171. [PMID: 37627199 PMCID: PMC10452723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the second most common type of leukemia in children. Recent advances in high-resolution genomic profiling techniques have uncovered the mutational landscape of pediatric AML as distinct from adult AML. Overall survival rates of children with AML have dramatically improved in the past 40 years, currently reaching 70% to 80% in developed countries. This was accomplished by the intensification of conventional chemotherapy, improvement in risk stratification using leukemia-specific cytogenetics/molecular genetics and measurable residual disease, appropriate use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and improvement in supportive care. However, the principle therapeutic approach for pediatric AML has not changed substantially for decades and improvement in event-free survival is rather modest. Further refinements in risk stratification and the introduction of emerging novel therapies to contemporary therapy, through international collaboration, would be key solutions for further improvements in outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Children’s Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Tsujimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aiman W, Ali MA, Basit MA, Omar Z, Suleman M, Hassan M, Jamil T, Anwar MS, Shafique Z, Dhanesar G, Faisal MS, Akerman MJ, Maroules M, Anwer F. Efficacy and tolerability of isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review of clinical trials. Leuk Res 2023; 129:107077. [PMID: 37100025 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy due to anomalous differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells with myeloid blast buildup. Induction chemotherapy is considered the first line of treatment in most patients with AML. However, targeted therapy in the form of FLT-3, IDH, BCL-2, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, can be considered as the first line depending on their molecular profile, resistance to chemotherapy, comorbidities, etc. This review aims to assess the tolerability and efficacy of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitors in AML. METHODS We searched Medline, WOS, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov. PRISMA guidelines were followed in this systematic review. 3327 articles were screened, and 9 clinical trials (N = 1119) were included. RESULTS In randomized clinical trials (RCTs), objective response (OR) was reported in 63-74% of the patients with IDH inhibitors + azacitidine as compared to 19-36 % of the patients with azacitidine monotherapy in newly diagnosed (ND) medically unfit patients. Survival rates were significantly improved with the use of ivosidenib. OR was reported in 39.1-46 % of the patients who relapsed/refractory to chemotherapy. ≥Grade 3 IDH differentiation syndrome and QT prolongation were reported in 3.9-10 % and 2-10 % of the patients, respectively. CONCLUSION IDH inhibitors (ivosidenib for IDH-1 and enasidenib for IDH-2) are safe and effective in treating ND medically unfit or relapsed refractory patients with IDH mutation. However, no survival benefit was reported with enasidenib. More randomized multicenter double-blinded clinical studies are needed to confirm these results and compare them with other targeting agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wajeeha Aiman
- Saint Michael's Medical Center, New York College of Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Muhammad Ashar Ali
- New York Medical College at St. Mary's and St. Clare's, Denville, NJ, USA; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA.
| | - Muhammad Abdul Basit
- Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Zainab Omar
- Dubai Medical College for Girls, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Banner University Medical Center, Tucson, AZ, USA; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Taimoor Jamil
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Muhammad Saad Anwar
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Zubair Shafique
- Sahiwal Medical College, Sahiwal, Pakistan; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Gurneel Dhanesar
- New York Medical College at St. Mary's and St. Clare's, Denville, NJ, USA; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Muhammad Salman Faisal
- Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Michael J Akerman
- New York Medical College at St. Mary's and St. Clare's, Denville, NJ, USA; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Maroules
- New York Medical College at St. Mary's and St. Clare's, Denville, NJ, USA; Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Cancer Center, Saint Mary's General Hospital, Passaic, NJ, USA; Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pessoa FMCDP, Machado CB, Barreto IV, Sampaio GF, Oliveira DDS, Ribeiro RM, Lopes GS, de Moraes MEA, de Moraes Filho MO, de Souza LEB, Khayat AS, Moreira-Nunes CA. Association between Immunophenotypic Parameters and Molecular Alterations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041098. [PMID: 37189716 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignancy that occurs due to alterations such as genetic mutations, chromosomal translocations, or changes in molecular levels. These alterations can accumulate in stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors, leading to the development of AML, which has a prevalence of 80% of acute leukemias in the adult population. Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities, in addition to mediating leukemogenesis onset, participate in its evolution and can be used as established diagnostic and prognostic markers. Most of these mutations confer resistance to the traditionally used treatments and, therefore, the aberrant protein products are also considered therapeutic targets. The surface antigens of a cell are characterized through immunophenotyping, which has the ability to identify and differentiate the degrees of maturation and the lineage of the target cell, whether benign or malignant. With this, we seek to establish a relationship according to the molecular aberrations and immunophenotypic alterations that cells with AML present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Melo Cunha de Pinho Pessoa
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Caio Bezerra Machado
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Igor Valentim Barreto
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Giulia Freire Sampaio
- Unichristus University Center, Faculty of Biomedicine, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Germison Silva Lopes
- Department of Hematology, César Cals General Hospital, Fortaleza 60015-152, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas Eduardo Botelho de Souza
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-900, SP, Brazil
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Unichristus University Center, Faculty of Biomedicine, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Time to transplantation and pediatric acute myeloid leukemia outcomes. Bone Marrow Transplant 2023; 58:343-345. [PMID: 36496523 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-022-01893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
12
|
Stevens AM, Schafer ES, Li M, Terrell M, Rashid R, Paek H, Bernhardt MB, Weisnicht A, Smith WT, Keogh NJ, Alozie MC, Oviedo HH, Gonzalez AK, Ilangovan T, Mangubat-Medina A, Wang H, Jo E, Rabik CA, Bocchini C, Hilsenbeck S, Ball ZT, Cooper TM, Redell MS. Repurposing Atovaquone as a Therapeutic against Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Combination with Conventional Chemotherapy Is Feasible and Well Tolerated. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041344. [PMID: 36831684 PMCID: PMC9954468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival of pediatric AML remains poor despite maximized myelosuppressive therapy. The pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP)-treating medication atovaquone (AQ) suppresses oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and reduces AML burden in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models, making it an ideal concomitant AML therapy. Poor palatability and limited product formulations have historically limited routine use of AQ in pediatric AML patients. Patients with de novo AML were enrolled at two hospitals. Daily AQ at established PJP dosing was combined with standard AML therapy, based on the Medical Research Council backbone. AQ compliance, adverse events (AEs), ease of administration score (scale: 1 (very difficult)-5 (very easy)) and blood/marrow pharmacokinetics (PK) were collected during Induction 1. Correlative studies assessed AQ-induced apoptosis and effects on OXPHOS. PDX models were treated with AQ. A total of 26 patients enrolled (ages 7.2 months-19.7 years, median 12 years); 24 were evaluable. A total of 14 (58%) and 19 (79%) evaluable patients achieved plasma concentrations above the known anti-leukemia concentration (>10 µM) by day 11 and at the end of Induction, respectively. Seven (29%) patients achieved adequate concentrations for PJP prophylaxis (>40 µM). Mean ease of administration score was 3.8. Correlative studies with AQ in patient samples demonstrated robust apoptosis, OXPHOS suppression, and prolonged survival in PDX models. Combining AQ with chemotherapy for AML appears feasible and safe in pediatric patients during Induction 1 and shows single-agent anti-leukemic effects in PDX models. AQ appears to be an ideal concomitant AML therapeutic but may require intra-patient dose adjustment to achieve concentrations sufficient for PJP prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra McLean Stevens
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(832)-824-4824; Fax: +1-(832)-825-1206
| | - Eric S. Schafer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Minhua Li
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maci Terrell
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raushan Rashid
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hana Paek
- Department of Pharmacy, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Melanie B. Bernhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Allison Weisnicht
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wesley T. Smith
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Noah J. Keogh
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michelle C. Alozie
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hailey H. Oviedo
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alan K. Gonzalez
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tamilini Ilangovan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Haopei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Eunji Jo
- Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cara A. Rabik
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Claire Bocchini
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Susan Hilsenbeck
- Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zachary T. Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Todd M. Cooper
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Michele S. Redell
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children’s Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Natural Inhibitors of P-glycoprotein in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044140. [PMID: 36835550 PMCID: PMC9962603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains an insidious neoplasm due to the percentage of patients who develop resistance to both classic chemotherapy and emerging drugs. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a complex process determined by multiple mechanisms, and it is often caused by the overexpression of efflux pumps, the most important of which is P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This mini-review aims to examine the advantages of using natural substances as P-gp inhibitors, focusing on four molecules: phytol, curcumin, lupeol, and heptacosane, and their mechanism of action in AML.
Collapse
|
14
|
Identification of tumor antigens and immune subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia for mRNA vaccine development. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03108-6. [PMID: 36781600 PMCID: PMC9924891 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy, and there has not been any significant improvement in therapy of AML over the past several decades. The mRNA vaccines have become a promising strategy against multiple cancers, however, its application on AML remains undefined. In this study, we aimed to identify novel antigens for developing mRNA vaccines against AML and explore the immune landscape of AML to select appropriate patients for vaccination. METHODS Genomic data and gene mutation data were retrieved from TCGA, GEO and cBioPortal, respectively. GEPIA2 was used to analyze differentially expressed genes. The single cell RNA-seq database Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub (TISCH) was used to explore the association between the potential tumor antigens and the infiltrating immune cells in the bone marrow. Consensus clustering analysis was applied to identify distinct immune subtypes. The correlation between the abundance of antigen presenting cells and the expression level of antigens was evaluated using Spearman correlation analysis. The characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment in each subtype were investigated based on single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS Five potential tumor antigens were identified for mRNA vaccine from the pool of overexpressed and mutated genes, including CDH23, LRP1, MEFV, MYOF and SLC9A9, which were associated with infiltration of antigen-presenting immune cells (APCs). AML patients were stratified into two immune subtypes Cluster1 (C1) and Cluster2 (C2), which were characterized by distinct molecular and clinical features. C1 subtype demonstrated an immune-hot and immunosuppressive phenotype, while the C1 subtype had an immune-cold phenotype. Furthermore, the two immune subtype showed remarkably different expression of immune checkpoints, immunogenic cell death modulators and human leukocyte antigens. CONCLUSION CDH23, LRP1, MEFV, MYOF and SLC9A9 were potential antigens for developing AML mRNA vaccine, and AML patients in immune subtype 1 were suitable for vaccination.
Collapse
|
15
|
Yin PY, Wang RW, Jing R, Li X, Ma JH, Li KM, Wang H. Research progress on molecular biomarkers of acute myeloid leukemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1078556. [PMID: 36824144 PMCID: PMC9941555 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1078556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of adult acute leukemia. The pathophysiology of the disease has been studied intensively at the cellular and molecular levels. At present, cytogenetic markers are an important basis for the early diagnosis, prognostic stratification and treatment of AML. However, with the emergence of new technologies, the detection of other molecular markers, such as gene mutations and epigenetic changes, began to play important roles in evaluating the occurrence and development of diseases. Recent evidence shows that identifying new AML biomarkers contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the disease and is essential for AML screening, diagnosis, prognosis monitoring, and individualized treatment response. In this review, we summarized the promising AML biomarkers from four aspects, which contributing to a better understanding of the disease. Of course, it must be soberly aware that we have not listed all biomarkers of AML. Anyway, the biomarkers we mentioned are representative. For example, mutations in TP53, FLT3, and ASXL1 suggest poor prognosis, low remission rate, short survival period, and often require allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The CEBPA double mutation, NPM1 and CBF mutation suggest that the prognosis is good, the remission rate is high, the survival period is long, and the effect of chemotherapy or autotherapy is good. As for other mutations mentioned in the article, they usually predict a moderate prognosis. All in all, we hope it could provide a reference for the precise diagnosis and treatment of AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yuan Yin
- Hematology Department, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China,Department of Blood Supply, Yantai Center Blood Station, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Wen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Jing
- Hematology Department, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Blood Supply, Yantai Center Blood Station, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jing-Hua Ma
- Department of Science and Education, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Kai-Min Li, ; Jing-Hua Ma,
| | - Kai-Min Li
- Hematology Department, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Kai-Min Li, ; Jing-Hua Ma,
| | - Hua Wang
- Hematology Department, Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Kai-Min Li, ; Jing-Hua Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang K, Xie L, Wang F. A Novel Defined Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature for the Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122281. [PMID: 36553549 PMCID: PMC9778227 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed necrotic cell death, but its potential prognostic value in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. On the basis of available AML data from TCGA and TARGET databases, a 10-gene signature model was constructed to effectively predict AML prognosis by performing LASSO Cox regression analysis, which showed that patients with a low-risk score had a significantly better prognosis than that of the high-risk group, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis achieved superior performance in the prognostic model. The model was further well-verified in an external GEO cohort. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that, in addition to age, the risk score was an independent poor survival factor for AML patients, and a nomogram model was constructed with high accuracy. Moreover, the high-risk group generally had higher cytolytic activity and increased levels of infiltrating immune cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs), which could be related to the expression of immune checkpoint genes. Additionally, low-risk AML patients may have a better response from traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion, a pyroptosis-related gene signature can independently predict the prognosis of AML patients with sufficient predictive power, and pyroptosis plays an important role in the immune microenvironment of AML, which may be used to develop a new effective therapeutic method for AML in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Linka Xie
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Larkin KT, Nicolet D, Kelly BJ, Mrózek K, LaHaye S, Miller KE, Wijeratne S, Wheeler G, Kohlschmidt J, Blachly JS, Mims AS, Walker CJ, Oakes CC, Orwick S, Boateng I, Buss J, Heyrosa A, Desai H, Carroll AJ, Blum W, Powell BL, Kolitz JE, Moore JO, Mayer RJ, Larson RA, Stone RM, Paskett ED, Byrd JC, Mardis ER, Eisfeld AK. High early death rates, treatment resistance, and short survival of Black adolescents and young adults with AML. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5570-5581. [PMID: 35788257 PMCID: PMC9577622 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is inversely associated with age, but the impact of race on outcomes of adolescent and young adult (AYA; range, 18-39 years) patients is unknown. We compared survival of 89 non-Hispanic Black and 566 non-Hispanic White AYA patients with AML treated on frontline Cancer and Leukemia Group B/Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology protocols. Samples of 327 patients (50 Black and 277 White) were analyzed via targeted sequencing. Integrated genomic profiling was performed on select longitudinal samples. Black patients had worse outcomes, especially those aged 18 to 29 years, who had a higher early death rate (16% vs 3%; P=.002), lower complete remission rate (66% vs 83%; P=.01), and decreased overall survival (OS; 5-year rates: 22% vs 51%; P<.001) compared with White patients. Survival disparities persisted across cytogenetic groups: Black patients aged 18 to 29 years with non-core-binding factor (CBF)-AML had worse OS than White patients (5-year rates: 12% vs 44%; P<.001), including patients with cytogenetically normal AML (13% vs 50%; P<.003). Genetic features differed, including lower frequencies of normal karyotypes and NPM1 and biallelic CEBPA mutations, and higher frequencies of CBF rearrangements and ASXL1, BCOR, and KRAS mutations in Black patients. Integrated genomic analysis identified both known and novel somatic variants, and relative clonal stability at relapse. Reduced response rates to induction chemotherapy and leukemic clone persistence suggest a need for different treatment intensities and/or modalities in Black AYA patients with AML. Higher early death rates suggest a delay in diagnosis and treatment, calling for systematic changes to patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn T. Larkin
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Deedra Nicolet
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Benjamin J. Kelly
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Krzysztof Mrózek
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Stephanie LaHaye
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Katherine E. Miller
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Saranga Wijeratne
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Gregory Wheeler
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Jessica Kohlschmidt
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - James S. Blachly
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Alice S. Mims
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Christopher J. Walker
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Christopher C. Oakes
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Shelley Orwick
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Isaiah Boateng
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Jill Buss
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Adrienne Heyrosa
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Helee Desai
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Andrew J. Carroll
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - William Blum
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Bayard L. Powell
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jonathan E. Kolitz
- Monter Cancer Center, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Lake Success, NY
| | - Joseph O. Moore
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Robert J. Mayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Richard M. Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Electra D. Paskett
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Center for Cancer Health Equity, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - John C. Byrd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Elaine R. Mardis
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Ann-Kathrin Eisfeld
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Clara D. Bloomfield Center for Leukemia Outcomes Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Pediatric Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:530-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
19
|
In Pursuit of Genetic Prognostic Factors and Treatment Approaches in Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia—A Narrative Review of Current Knowledge. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11154283. [PMID: 35893374 PMCID: PMC9332027 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary acute myeloid leukemia can be divided into two categories: AML evolving from the antecedent hematological condition (AHD-AML) and therapy related AML (t-AML). AHD-AML can evolve from hematological conditions such as myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative neoplasms, MDS/MPN overlap syndromes, Fanconi anemia, and aplastic anemia. Leukemic transformation occurs as a consequence of the clonal evolution—a process of the acquisition of mutations in clones, while previous mutations are also passed on, leading to somatic mutations accumulation. Compared de novo AML, secondary AML is generally associated with poorer response to chemotherapy and poorer prognosis. The therapeutic options for patients with s-AML have been confirmed to be limited, as s-AML has often been analyzed either both with de novo AML or completely excluded from clinical trials. The treatment of s-AML was not in any way different than de novo AML, until, that is, the introduction of CPX-351—liposomal daunorubicin and cytarabine. CPX-351 significantly improved the overall survival and progression free survival in elderly patients with s-AML. The only definitive treatment in s-AML at this time is allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. A better understanding of the genetics and epigenetics of s-AML would allow us to determine precise biologic drivers leading to leukogenesis and thus help to apply a targeted treatment, improving prognosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Molecular Mechanisms and Therapies of Myeloid Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116251. [PMID: 35682932 PMCID: PMC9181128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is defined as a malignant disorder of the bone marrow (BM) that is characterised by the clonal expansion and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitor cells [...].
Collapse
|
21
|
Berkman AM, Andersen CR, Cuglievan B, McCall DC, Lupo PJ, Parsons SK, DiNardo CD, Short NJ, Jain N, Kadia TM, Livingston JA, Roth ME. Long-Term Outcomes among Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Acute Leukemia: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:1176-1184. [PMID: 35553621 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing population of adolescent and young adult (AYA, age 15-39 years) acute leukemia survivors in whom long-term mortality outcomes are largely unknown. METHODS The current study utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry to assess long-term outcomes of AYA acute leukemia 5-year survivors. The impact of diagnosis age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and decade of diagnosis on long-term survival were assessed utilizing an accelerated failure time model. RESULTS A total of 1,938 AYA acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 2,350 AYA acute myeloid leukemia (AML) survivors diagnosed between 1980 and 2009 were included with a median follow-up of 12.3 and 12.7 years, respectively. Ten-year survival for ALL and AML survivors was 87% and 89%, respectively, and 99% for the general population. Survival for AYA leukemia survivors remained below that of the age-adjusted general population at up to 30 years of follow-up. Primary cancer mortality was the most common cause of death in early survivorship with noncancer causes of death becoming more prevalent in later decades of follow-up. Male AML survivors had significantly worse survival than females (survival time ratio: 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.82). CONCLUSIONS AYA leukemia survivors have higher mortality rates than the general population that persist for decades after diagnosis. IMPACT While there have been improvements in late mortality, long-term survival for AYA leukemia survivors remains below that of the general population. Studies investigating risk factors for mortality and disparities in late effects among long-term AYA leukemia survivors are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Berkman
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Clark R Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David C McCall
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan K Parsons
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies and the Division of Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Courtney D DiNardo
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nicholas J Short
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nitin Jain
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tapan M Kadia
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - J A Livingston
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael E Roth
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Wang P, Cassady K, Zou Z, Li Y, Deng X, Yang W, Peng X, Zhang X, Feng Y. Pretransplantation minimal residual disease monitoring by multiparameter flow cytometry predicts outcomes of AML patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2022; 72:101596. [PMID: 35390479 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Is minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) prognostic for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients before allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT)? And if so, what level of MRD eradication can be used to help guide the timing of HSCT? Can haplo-HSCT improve the prognosis of AML patients with MRD positive? To figure out these questions, we initiated this retrospective study. METHODS 96 AML patients were included retrospectively and divided into 5 groups, according to pre-transplantation MRD levels (from 5 × 10-2 to <1 × 10-4), to analyze the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR). Secondly, we compared the prognosis of MRD-negative (MRDneg) and MRD-positive (MRDpos) AML patients (cutoff value = 1 × 10-3) who underwent allo-HSCT, and further analyzed the prognosis of MRDpos patients after received different transplantation modalities. RESULTS It is found that the 2-year OS and DFS of MRD negative group were better than the MRD positive group, and that the deeper the eradication of MRD before transplantation, the better the prognosis of patients. The CIR in patients received HLA-identical transplantation, was higher in the MRDpos than in the MRDneg. Haploid transplantation reduced the CIR disparity between MRDpos and MRDneg group. Subsequently, in AML patients who remain MRD positive before HSCT, we show that haplo-HSCT offered a better prognosis than HLA-identical transplantation (MSDT and MUDT). CONCLUSION It is suggested that achieving MFC-MRD <10-3 (10-4 or even better) before allo-HSCT could reduce the relapse of AML and improve OS and DFS significantly, while haplo-HSCT may be preferred for patients not achieving MRD negativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Zhongmin Zou
- Department of Chemical Defense Medicine, School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wuchen Yang
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangui Peng
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xi Zhang
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yimei Feng
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hu T, Zhang Y, Yang T, He Q, Zhao M. LYPD3, a New Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Front Genet 2022; 13:795820. [PMID: 35360840 PMCID: PMC8963240 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.795820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is nosocomial with the highest pediatric mortality rates and a relatively poor prognosis. C4.4A(LYPD3) is a tumorigenic and high-glycosylated cell surface protein that has been proven to be linked with the carcinogenic effects in solid tumors, but no hematologic tumors have been reported. We focus on exploring the molecular mechanism of LYPD3 in the regulation of the occurrence and development of AML to provide a research basis for the screening of markers related to the treatment and prognosis. Methods: Datasets on RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) and mRNA expression profiles of 510 samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program/The Genotype-Tissue Expression (Tcga-gtex) on 10 March 2021, which included the information on 173 AML tumorous tissue samples and 337 normal blood samples. The differential expression, identification of prognostic genes based on the COX regression model, and LASSO regression were analyzed. In order to better verify, experiments including gene knockdown mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), cell proliferation assays, and Western blot were prefomed. We studied the possible associated pathways through which LYPD3 may have an impact on the pathogenesis and prognosis of AML by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results: A total of 11,490 differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified. Among them, 4,164 genes were upregulated, and 7,756 genes were downregulated. The univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis found that 28 genes including LYPD3, DNAJC8, and other genes were associated with overall survival (OS). After multivariate Cox analysis, a total of 10 genes were considered significantly correlated with OS in AML including LYPD3, which had a poor impact on AML (p <0.05). The experiment results also supported the above conclusion. We identified 25 pathways, including the E2F signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and PI3K_AKT signaling pathway, that were significantly upregulated in AML samples with high LYPD3 expression (p < 0.05) by GSEA. Further, the results of the experiment suggested that LYPD3 participates in the development of AML through the p53 signaling pathway or/and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion: This study first proved that the expression of LYPD3 was elevated in AML, which was correlated with poor clinical characteristics and prognosis. In addition, LYPD3 participates in the development of AML through p53 or/and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianqing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingnan He
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qingnan He, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qingnan He, ; Mingyi Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Andolina JR, Wang YC, Ji L, Freyer DR, Levine JE, Pulsipher MA, Gamis AS, Aplenc R, Roth ME, Harrison L, Cairo MS. Adolescent and young adult (AYA) versus pediatric patients with acute leukemia have a significantly increased risk of acute GVHD following unrelated donor (URD) stem cell transplantation (SCT): the Children's Oncology Group experience. Bone Marrow Transplant 2022; 57:445-452. [PMID: 34992254 PMCID: PMC9621326 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with acute leukemia (AL) have inferior outcomes in comparison to younger patients, and are more likely to develop acute and chronic GVHD than younger children following HLA matched sibling donor stem cell transplant (SCT). We compared the incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, and survival in AYA (age 13-21 years) to younger children (age 2-12 years) who received an unrelated donor SCT for acute leukemia on Children's Oncology Group trials between 2004-2017. One hundred and eighty-eight children and young adults ages 2-21 years underwent URD SCT. Sixty-three percent were aged 2-12 and 37% were age 13-21. Older age was a risk factor for grade II-IV acute GVHD in multivariate analysis with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.95 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23-3.10], but not for chronic GVHD, HR 1.25 [95% CI 0.57-2.71]. Younger patients relapsed more often (34.5 ± 4.4% vs. 22.8 ± 4.0%, p = 0.032), but their Event-Free Survival (42.6 ± 4.7% vs. 51.8 ± 6.1%, p = 0.18) and Overall Survival at 5 years (48.5 ± 4.9% vs. 51.5 ± 6.4%, p = 0.56) were not different than AYA patients. AYA patients who receive an URD SCT for acute leukemia are significantly more likely to develop grade II-IV acute GVHD, though survival is similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Andolina
- Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | | | - Lingyun Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David R Freyer
- Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Section, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John E Levine
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Pulsipher
- Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Section, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan S Gamis
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael E Roth
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lauren Harrison
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell S Cairo
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lejman M, Dziatkiewicz I, Jurek M. Straight to the Point-The Novel Strategies to Cure Pediatric AML. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041968. [PMID: 35216084 PMCID: PMC8878466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the outcome has improved over the past decades, due to improved supportive care, a better understanding of risk factors, and intensified chemotherapy, pediatric acute myeloid leukemia remains a life-threatening disease, and overall survival (OS) remains near 70%. According to French-American-British (FAB) classification, AML is divided into eight subtypes (M0–M7), and each is characterized by a different pathogenesis and response to treatment. However, the curability of AML is due to the intensification of standard chemotherapy, more precise risk classification, improvements in supportive care, and the use of minimal residual disease to monitor response to therapy. The treatment of childhood AML continues to be based primarily on intensive, conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, it is essential to identify new, more precise molecules that are targeted to the specific abnormalities of each leukemia subtype. Here, we review abnormalities that are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of AML in the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lejman
- Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, II Faculty of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lublin, A. Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Izabela Dziatkiewicz
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, II Faculty of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lublin, A. Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (M.J.)
| | - Mateusz Jurek
- Student Scientific Society, Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, II Faculty of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lublin, A. Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (I.D.); (M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang L, Chen S, Shen Y, Si P. BCORL1 S878G, GNB1 G116S, SH2B3 A536T, and KMT2D S3708R tetramutation co-contribute to a pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: Case report and literature review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:993952. [PMID: 36324816 PMCID: PMC9618691 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.993952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clinically, morphologically, and genetically heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by a wide range of genomic alterations responsible for defective regulation of the differentiation and self-renewal programs of hematopoietic stem cells. Here, we report a 4-month-old boy who had acute onset with leukocytosis and abdominal mass. The morphological analysis of bone marrow (BM) smear revealed extremely marrow hyperplasia, large quantities of immature cells, and primary and immature monocytic hyperplasia accounting for 57.5% of nucleated cells. The chromosome karyotype of the case was complex, representing 48, XY, +13, +19[12]/48, idem, del (p12)[8]. After RNAs sequencing, a mutation (c.346G > A, p.G116S) of the GNB1 gene was detected and localized to the mutational hotspot in Exon 7. Meanwhile, the other three mutations were identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) of DNA from the BM aspirate and oral swab, including BCORL1 mutation [c.2632A > G, p.S878G, mutation allele frequency (VAF): 99.95%], SH2B3 mutation (c.1606G > A, p.A536T, VAF: 51.17%), and KMT2D mutation (c.11124C > G, p.S3708R, VAF: 48.95%). BCORL1 mutations have been associated with the pathogenesis of AML, whereas other mutations have rarely been previously reported in pediatric AML. The patient did not undergo the combination chemotherapy and eventually died of respiratory failure. In conclusion, the concurrence of BCORL1, GNB1, SH2B3, and KMT2D mutations may be a mutationally detrimental combination and contribute to disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sen Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Si
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Children's Hospital/Children's Hospital of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Naji A, Ali K, Mohammad H, Alwan A. Serum hepcidin levels related to interlukin-6 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia before and after treatment. IRAQI JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/ijh.ijh_16_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
28
|
Schulpen M, Goemans BF, Kaspers GJL, Raaijmakers MHGP, Zwaan CM, Karim-Kos HE. Increased survival disparities among children and adolescents & young adults with acute myeloid leukemia: A Dutch population-based study. Int J Cancer 2021; 150:1101-1112. [PMID: 34913161 PMCID: PMC9299619 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
For many cancers, adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have a poorer prognosis than pediatric patients. Our study evaluates survival outcomes of children (0‐17 years) and AYAs (18‐39 years) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the Netherlands between 1990 and 2015 (N = 2058) utilizing the population‐based Netherlands Cancer Registry, which includes information on therapy and site of primary treatment. Five‐ and 10‐year relative (disease‐specific) survival were estimated for all patients, children and AYAs. Multivariable analyses were performed using generalized linear models (excess mortality) and logistic regression (early mortality). AYAs with AML had a substantially lower 5‐ and 10‐year relative survival than children (5‐year: 43% vs 58%; 10‐year: 37% vs 51%). The gap in 5‐year relative survival was largest (nearly 20 percent‐points) in 2010 to 2015, despite survival improvements over time across all ages. The multivariable‐adjusted excess risk of dying was 60% higher in AYAs (95% CI: 37%‐86%). Early mortality (death within 30 days of diagnosis) declined over time, and did not differ between children and AYAs. In conclusion, AYAs diagnosed with AML in the Netherlands had a worse prognosis than pediatric patients. The survival gap seemed most pronounced in recent years, suggesting that improvements in care resulting in better outcome for children have not led to equal benefits for AYAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Schulpen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca F Goemans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Pediatric Oncology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - C Michel Zwaan
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henrike E Karim-Kos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Research and Development, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chang TY, Wang YL, Chang CC, Chen SH, Wen YC, Tsay PK, Jaing TH. Comparable Outcomes Between Adolescent/Young Adults and Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:3075-3079. [PMID: 34756713 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytogenetics of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) increases exponentially with age. Adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients have specific psychosocial and other challenges, influencing their ability to access appropriate treatment. Therefore, in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for AML, inferior outcomes would be observed in AYA patients compared to children. METHODS We defined the age range of AYA patients as 15 to 29 years. Sixty-three patients who underwent allo-HSCT from 1998 to 2020 at Chang Gung Children Hospital were enrolled in this study. Overall survival was the time duration from HSCT to death from any cause. Disease-free survival was the time duration from HSCT to the last follow-up or first event (failure to achieve complete remission, relapse, secondary malignancy, or death from any cause). RESULTS Thirty-seven (59%) patients were <15 years of age during allo-HSCT, and 26 (41%) were 15 to 29 years of age. The median age during allo-HSCT was 6.3 years for those <15 years of age compared with 15.7 years for AYA patients. The median follow-up period was 2.2 years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients <15 years old and 3.8 years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for AYA patients. Univariate analysis revealed no significant difference in the 5-year overall survival or disease-free survival among all patients. CONCLUSIONS Several distinct AML subtypes could be amenable to treatment deintensification and targeted therapies. Furthermore, we found that children and AYA patients who underwent allo-HSCT for AML had similar survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yen Chang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chu Chang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiang Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Wen
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kwei Tsay
- Department of Public Health and Center of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Her Jaing
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dynamin inhibition causes context-dependent cell death of leukemia and lymphoma cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256708. [PMID: 34492077 PMCID: PMC8423305 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current chemotherapy for treatment of pediatric acute leukemia, although generally successful, is still a matter of concern due to treatment resistance, relapses and life-long side effects for a subset of patients. Inhibition of dynamin, a GTPase involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and regulation of the cell cycle, has been proposed as a potential anti-cancer regimen, but the effects of dynamin inhibition on leukemia cells has not been extensively addressed. Here we adopted single cell and whole-population analysis by flow cytometry and live imaging, to assess the effect of dynamin inhibition (Dynasore, Dyngo-4a, MitMAB) on pediatric acute leukemia cell lines (CCRF-CEM and THP-1), human bone marrow biopsies from patients diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as well as in a model of lymphoma (EL4)-induced tumor growth in mice. All inhibitors suppressed proliferation and induced pronounced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in CCRF-CEM and THP-1 cell lines. However, the inhibitors showed no effect on bone marrow biopsies, and did not prevent EL4-induced tumor formation in mice. We conclude that dynamin inhibition affects highly proliferating human leukemia cells. These findings form a basis for evaluation of the potential, and constraints, of employing dynamin inhibition in treatment strategies against leukemia and other malignancies.
Collapse
|
31
|
Gupta S, Baxter NN, Sutradhar R, Pole JD, Nagamuthu C, Lau C, Nathan PC. Adolescents and young adult acute myeloid leukemia outcomes at pediatric versus adult centers: A population-based study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e28939. [PMID: 33559361 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adult (AYA) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) outcomes remain poor. The impact of locus of care (LOC; adult vs pediatric) in this population is unknown. PROCEDURE The IMPACT cohort comprises detailed data for all Ontario, Canada, AYA aged 15-21 years diagnosed with AML between 1992 and 2012, linked to population-based health administrative data. We determined the impact of LOC on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), treatment-related mortality (TRM), and relapse/progression. RESULTS Among 140 AYA, 51 (36.4%) received therapy at pediatric centers. The five-year EFS and OS for the whole cohort were 35.0% ± 4.0% and 53.6% ± 4.2%. Cumulative doses of anthracycline were higher among pediatric center AYA [median 355 mg/m2 , interquartile range (IQR) 135-492 vs 202 mg/m2 , IQR 140-364; P = 0.003]. In multivariable analyses, LOC was not predictive of either EFS [adult vs pediatric center hazard ratio (HR) 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8-2.2, P = 0.27] or OS (HR 1.0, CI 0.6-1.6, P = 0.97). However, patterns of treatment failure varied; higher two-year incidence of TRM in pediatric centers (23.5% ± 6.0% vs.10.1% ± 3.2%; P = 0.046) was balanced by lower five-year incidence of relapse/progression (33.3% ± 6.7% vs 56.2% ± 5.3%; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS AYA AML survival outcomes did not vary between pediatric and adult settings. Causes of treatment failure were different, with higher intensity pediatric protocols associated with higher TRM but lower relapse/progression. Careful risk stratification and enhanced supportive care may be of substantial benefit to AYA with AML by allocating maximal treatment intensity to patients who most benefit while minimizing the risk of TRM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Gupta
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nancy N Baxter
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason D Pole
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Cindy Lau
- Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Cancer Research Program, ICES, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Health Policy, Evaluation and Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ferdowsi S, Ghaffari SH, Shiraji ST, Mousavi SA, Mohammadi S. Investigation of the Osteopontin isoforms expression in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Med Oncol 2021; 38:102. [PMID: 34313836 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the major hematological malignancies. Advances in molecular research have greatly improved our understanding of the process of leukemia formation in AML. Osteopontin (OPN) is a novel molecule that mediates critical processes for cancer progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative expression of OPN gene isoforms in AML patients on days 0, 14, and 28 after chemotherapy. The bone marrow samples were collected from 40 newly diagnosed AML patients (24 male and 16 female with a mean age of 30 years) at the initial time of diagnosis, 14 and 28 days after treatment. The peripheral blood samples of 10 healthy individuals were also collected as the control group. The expression of OPN isoforms was investigated by Real-Time Quantitative PCR. The expression of VEGFc/STAT3/CXCR4 was also investigated by Real-Time PCR. Findings indicated that OPNb and OPNc isoforms had significantly overexpression in AML patients on 14 and 28 days after treatment compared to normal samples (P < 0.05). The level of OPNb and OPNc isoforms was increased significantly in M0, M1, and M2 subgroups with overexpression of VEGFc/STAT3/CXCR4, 28 days after starting chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Our results suggested that OPNb and OPNc isoforms play a major role in cancer relapse. Therefore, they can be used as a valuable prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for relapse of the AML disease. However, these findings need confirmation with further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Ferdowsi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Tavakkoli Shiraji
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Asadollah Mousavi
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran. .,Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lewis DR, Siembida EJ, Seibel NL, Smith AW, Mariotto AB. Survival outcomes for cancer types with the highest death rates for adolescents and young adults, 1975-2016. Cancer 2021; 127:4277-4286. [PMID: 34308557 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five-year relative survival for adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer diagnosed at the ages of 15 to 39 years is 85%. Survival rates vary considerably according to the cancer type. The purpose of this study was to analyze long-term survival trends for cancer types with the highest mortality among AYAs to determine where the greatest burden is and to identify areas for future research. METHODS Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry and the National Center for Health Statistics, the authors examined the incidence, mortality, and survival for the 9 cancer types with the highest mortality rates in this age group from 1975 to 2016. JPSurv, new survival trend software, was used in the analysis. RESULTS Results suggested significant improvements in 5-year relative survival for brain and other nervous system tumors, colon and rectum cancer, lung and bronchus cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all P values < .05). Limited or no improvement in survival was found for female breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and bone and joint sarcomas. CONCLUSIONS Five-year relative survival for multiple cancer types in AYAs has improved, but some common cancer types in this group still show limited survival improvements (eg, ovarian cancer). Survival improvements in colorectal cancer have been overshadowed by its rising incidence, which suggests a substantial disease burden. Future research should focus on female breast, bone, ovarian, and cervical cancers, which have seen minimal or no improvements in survival. LAY SUMMARY Survival trends for adolescents and young adults with cancer are presented from a 40-year period. Although survival progress is noted for brain cancer, lung cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and colon and rectum cancer, the incidence of colon and rectum cancer remains high. Minimal progress is evident for female breast, bone, ovarian, and cervical cancers, which are in need of renewed focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Riedel Lewis
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth J Siembida
- Center for Health Innovation and Outcomes Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Nita L Seibel
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Detection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashley Wilder Smith
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Angela B Mariotto
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abrahão R, Huynh JC, Benjamin DJ, Li QW, Winestone LE, Muffly L, Keegan THM. Chronic medical conditions and late effects after acute myeloid leukaemia in adolescents and young adults: a population-based study. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:663-674. [PMID: 34000732 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curative-intent treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) can lead to multiple chronic medical conditions ('late effects'). Little is known about the burden of late effects in adolescent and young adult (AYA, 15-39 years) survivors of AML. We aimed to estimate the cumulative incidence and investigate the main predictors of late effects among these patients. METHODS During 1996-2012, 1168 eligible AYAs with AML who survived ≥2 years after diagnosis were identified in the California Cancer Registry. Late effects were reported from State hospital discharge data, and patients were followed through 2014. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of late effects occurrence were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors. RESULTS The most common late effects at 10 years after diagnosis were: endocrine (26.1%), cardiovascular (18.6%) and respiratory (6.6%), followed by neurologic (4.9%), liver/pancreatic (4.3%), renal (3.1%), avascular necrosis (2.7%) and second primary malignancies (2.4%). Of 1168 survivors, 547 (46.8%) received a haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). After multivariable adjustments, AYAs who underwent HSCT or had a non-favourable risk AML experienced ∼2-fold or higher increased likelihood of all late effects. Additionally, AYAs of Hispanic, Black or Asian/Pacific Islander (vs non-Hispanic White) race/ethnicity and those who resided in lower socio-economic neighbourhoods were at higher risk of numerous late effects. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the need for long-term surveillance for the prevention, early detection and treatment of late effects, and can inform the development of AYA-focused consensus-based guidelines that will ultimately improve the quality of life and survival of these young vulnerable patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Abrahão
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Oncology Hematology Outcomes Research and Training (COHORT), University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine C Huynh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Oncology Hematology Outcomes Research and Training (COHORT), University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - David J Benjamin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Qian W Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Oncology Hematology Outcomes Research and Training (COHORT), University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Lena E Winestone
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lori Muffly
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theresa H M Keegan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Oncology Hematology Outcomes Research and Training (COHORT), University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Egan G, Chopra Y, Mourad S, Chiang KY, Hitzler J. Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in children: A practical perspective. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e28979. [PMID: 33844444 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease that requires a multifaceted treatment approach. Although outcomes for low-risk AML have improved significantly over recent decades, high-risk AML continues to be associated with an adverse prognosis. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics, risk stratification, and supportive care have contributed to improvements in outcomes in pediatric AML. Targeted approaches, for example, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat FLT3-ITD AML, offer promise and are currently undergoing clinical investigation in pediatric patients. New approaches to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including the use of haploidentical donors, are significantly expanding donor options for patients with high-risk AML. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the treatment of pediatric AML that are likely to have clinical impact and reshape the standard of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Egan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yogi Chopra
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Mourad
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kuang-Yueh Chiang
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Johann Hitzler
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen X, Wang X, Dou H, Yang Z, Bi J, Huang Y, Lu L, Yu J, Bao L. Cytogenetic and mutational analysis and outcome assessment of a cohort of 284 children with de novo acute myeloid leukemia reveal complex karyotype as an adverse risk factor for inferior survival. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:27. [PMID: 34011412 PMCID: PMC8136172 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is rare in children. Although complex karyotype (CK) defined as ≥ 3 cytogenetic abnormalities is an adverse risk factor in adult AML, its prognostic impact on childhood AML remains to be determined. Results We studied the prevalence, cytogenetic and mutational features, and outcome impact of CK in a cohort of 284 Chinese children with de novo AML. Thirty-four (12.0%) children met the criteria for CK-AML with atypical CK being more frequent than typical CK featured with -5/5q-, -7/7q-, and/or 17p aberration. Mutational prevalence was low and co-occurrence mutants were uncommon. Children with CK-AML showed shorter overall survival (OS) (5-year OS: 26.7 ± 10.6% vs. 37.5 ± 8.6%, p = 0.053) and event-free survival (EFS) (5-year EFS: 26.7 ± 10.6% vs. 38.8 ± 8.6%, p = 0.039) compared with those with intermediate-risk genetics. Typical CK tended to correlate with a decreased OS than atypical CK (5-year OS: 0 vs. 33 ± 12.7%.; p = 0.084), and CK with ≥ 5 cytogenetic aberrations was associated with an inferior survival compared with CK with ≤ 4 aberrations (5-year OS: 13.6 ± 11.7% vs. 50.0 ± 18.6%; p = 0.040; 5-year EFS: 13.6 ± 11.7% vs. 50.0 ± 18.6%; p = 0.048). Conclusion Our results demonstrate CK as an adverse risk factor for reduced survival in childhood AML. Our findings shed light on the cytogenetic and mutational profile of childhood CK-AML and would inform refinement of risk stratification in childhood AML to improve outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13039-021-00547-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingjuan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | - Hu Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Junqin Bi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136 Zhongshang 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Liming Bao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12705 E. Montview Boulevard, Suite 400, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lucas J, Bathini A, Greenberg K. Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as horizontal diplopia. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 49:441.e1-441.e2. [PMID: 33975743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for 16% of all leukemias in children. Prognosis in the pediatric population is better than that of older populations, with a younger age at diagnosis being a favorable prognostic factor [1]. Diplopia is a rare first presenting sign of AML. We present a 15 year old male complaining of diplopia and unilateral orbital swelling. Workup in the emergency department found normal neuroimaging but revealed a markedly elevated leukocytosis with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral smear showed increased blast cells >10%. This patient was ultimately diagnosed with AML. This case demonstrates an atypical presentation of AML and urges a thorough work up for patients presenting with unexplained diplopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lucas
- Joshua Lucas and Abhijith Bathini are from Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 W Queen Ln, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Abhijith Bathini
- Joshua Lucas and Abhijith Bathini are from Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 W Queen Ln, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
| | - Karen Greenberg
- Dr. Greenberg is from Global Neurosciences Institute, One Medical Center, Blvd ACP 232, Upland, PA 19103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pan YQ, Niu M, Liu SM, Bao YX, Yang K, Ma XB, He L, Li YX, Cao JX, Zhang X, Du Y. Effect of MT2A on apoptosis and proliferation in HL60 cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2910-2919. [PMID: 34220318 PMCID: PMC8241764 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.57821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence has revealed that metallothioneins (MTs) and its family member MT2A are strongly linked to the risk of various solid tumors, researches on the occurrence and development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have rarely been investigated. Here, we constructed a lentiviral vector with MT2A over-expression and the interfering plasmids with MT2A expression inhibition to study the influence of MT2A on the bioactivities of HL60 cells. After cells were infected with a lentiviral vector containing the MT2A gene, both transcription and translation levels of MT2A were significantly increased in the over-expressed group in comparison with control groups. In vitro experiments, all results demonstrated that cell reproductive capacity was inhibited, but cell apoptosis rate was significantly increased. Together, the expression of apoptosis-related protein Bcl2 was remarkably reduced, while a high expression level of Bax protein was detected. Further experiments revealed that up-regulation of MT2A induced cell apoptosis and promoted G2/M phase arrest. The mechanism may be associated with down-regulated p-IκB-α and cyclinD1 expression and up-regulated IκB-α expression in the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway. On the contrary, MT2A expression was down-regulated by interfering plasmids. We found that cell proliferative potential was notably increased in the interfering group compared with the negative and untreated group. What's more, MT2A may be closely related to AML cell proliferation and function via the NF-κB signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Min Niu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Min Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xia Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xun Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Xian Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Yunnan Innovation Team of Clinical Laboratory and Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
A compound combination screening approach with potential to identify new treatment options for paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18514. [PMID: 33116257 PMCID: PMC7595190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75453-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by genetics and morphology. The introduction of intensive chemotherapy treatments together with patient stratification and supportive therapy has resulted in a moderate improvement in patient prognosis. However, overall survival rates remain unacceptably poor, with only 65% of patients surviving longer than 5 years. Recently age-specific differences in AML have been identified, highlighting the need for tailored treatments for paediatric patients. Combination therapies have the potential to improve patient prognosis, while minimising harmful side-effects. In the laboratory setting, identifying key combinations from large drug libraries can be resource-intensive, prohibiting discovery and translation into the clinic. To minimise redundancy and maximise discovery, we undertook a multiplex screen of 80 apoptotic-inducing agents in paediatric AML pre-clinical models. The screen was designed using an all-pairs testing algorithm, which ensured that all pairs of compounds could be tested, while minimising the number of wells used. We identified a combination of ABT-737, a Bcl-2 family inhibitor and Purvalanol A, a CDK inhibitor, as a potential targeted therapy for AML patients with an MLL rearrangement and an FLT3-ITD. Our approach has the potential to reduce resource-intensity and time associated with the identification of novel combination therapies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Anticancer effects of an extract from a local planarian species on human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
41
|
Identification of Genes Whose Expression Overlaps Age Boundaries and Correlates with Risk Groups in Paediatric and Adult Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102769. [PMID: 32992503 PMCID: PMC7650662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To better understand whether acute myeloid leukaemia differs between children and adults, we have analysed the expression of genes in samples from both patient groups. Using previously published data, we compared gene expression between patient risk subgroups. We examined patients who had a poor chance of survival, based on clinical assessments, and those with a good chance of survival, to see whether there was any difference in the genes expressed in their leukaemic cells. Then we compared the genes on these lists between adults and children with acute myeloid leukaemia. We believe that patients with good or poor survival chances express genes that provide insights into how leukaemic cells behave. We hope that this work will provide new information about the mechanisms that underlie acute myeloid leukaemia and answer questions on the ways this form of leukaemia is similar in adults and children, which will then tell us whether the same treatments could be used for both age groups of patients. Abstract Few studies have compared gene expression in paediatric and adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In this study, we have analysed mRNA-sequencing data from two publicly accessible databases: (1) National Cancer Institute’s Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (NCI-TARGET), examining paediatric patients, and (2) The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), examining adult patients with AML. With a particular focus on 144 known tumour antigens, we identified STEAP1, SAGE1, MORC4, SLC34A2 and CEACAM3 as significantly different in their expression between standard and low risk paediatric AML patient subgroups, as well as between poor and good, and intermediate and good risk adult AML patient subgroups. We found significant differences in event-free survival (EFS) in paediatric AML patients, when comparing standard and low risk subgroups, and quartile expression levels of BIRC5, MAGEF1, MELTF, STEAP1 and VGLL4. We found significant differences in EFS in adult AML patients when comparing intermediate and good, and poor and good risk adult AML patient subgroups and quartile expression levels of MORC4 and SAGE1, respectively. When examining Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) (2016) pathway data, we found that genes altered in AML were involved in key processes such as the evasion of apoptosis (BIRC5, WNT1) or the control of cell proliferation (SSX2IP, AML1-ETO). For the first time we have compared gene expression in paediatric AML patients with that of adult AML patients. This study provides unique insights into the differences and similarities in the gene expression that underlies AML, the genes that are significantly differently expressed between risk subgroups, and provides new insights into the molecular pathways involved in AML pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Saglio F, Berger M, Spadea M, Pessolano R, Carraro F, Barone M, Quarello P, Vassallo E, Fagioli F. Haploidentical HSCT with post transplantation cyclophosphamide versus unrelated donor HSCT in pediatric patients affected by acute leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2020; 56:586-595. [PMID: 32968215 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-020-01063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T-cell replete hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a haploidentical donor followed by high doses of cyclophosphamide has been demonstrated to provide the best chances of a cure for many children in need of an allograft but who lack both a sibling and an unrelated donor. In this study we retrospectively compared the outcome of pediatric patients undergoing T-replete haploidentical HSCT (Haplo) for acute leukemia with those undergoing transplantation from unrelated HLA-matched donor (MUD) and HLA mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD) from 2012 to 2017 at our Center. Both univariable and multivariable analyses showed similar 5-year overall survival rates for MUD, MMUD, and Haplo patients: 71% (95% CI 56-86), 72% (95% CI 55-90), and 75% (95% CI 54-94), respectively (p = 0.97). Haplo patients showed reduced event-free survival rates compared to MUD and MMUD patients: 30% (95% CI 12-49) versus 70% (95% CI 55-84) versus 53% (95% CI 35-73), respectively (p = 0.007), but these data were not confirmed by a multivariable analysis. Non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse incidence (RI) were similar for the three groups. Therefore, our data confirm that Haplo is a suitable clinical option for pediatric patients needing HSCT when lacking both an MUD and an MMUD donor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Saglio
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - M Berger
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - M Spadea
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - R Pessolano
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - F Carraro
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - M Barone
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - P Quarello
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - E Vassallo
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - F Fagioli
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.,University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bailur JK, McCachren SS, Pendleton K, Vasquez JC, Lim HS, Duffy A, Doxie DB, Kaushal A, Foster C, DeRyckere D, Castellino S, Kemp ML, Qiu P, Dhodapkar MV, Dhodapkar KM. Risk-associated alterations in marrow T cells in pediatric leukemia. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140179. [PMID: 32692727 PMCID: PMC7455136 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current management of childhood leukemia is tailored based on disease risk determined by clinical features at presentation. Whether properties of the host immune response impact disease risk and outcome is not known. Here, we combine mass cytometry, single cell genomics, and functional studies to characterize the BM immune environment in children with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia at presentation. T cells in leukemia marrow demonstrate evidence of chronic immune activation and exhaustion/dysfunction, with attrition of naive T cells and TCF1+ stem-like memory T cells and accumulation of terminally differentiated effector T cells. Marrow-infiltrating NK cells also exhibit evidence of dysfunction, particularly in myeloid leukemia. Properties of immune cells identified distinct immune phenotype–based clusters correlating with disease risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. High-risk immune signatures were associated with expression of stem-like genes on tumor cells. These data provide a comprehensive assessment of the immune landscape of childhood leukemias and identify targets potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention. These studies also suggest that properties of the host response with depletion of naive T cells and accumulation of terminal-effector T cells may contribute to the biologic basis of disease risk. Properties of immune microenvironment identified here may also impact optimal application of immune therapies, including T cell–redirection approaches in childhood leukemia. In high risk pediatric leukemia, naive and stem-like memory T cells are depleted and terminally differentiated effector T cells accumulate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jithendra Kini Bailur
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samuel S McCachren
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine Pendleton
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Juan C Vasquez
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hong Seo Lim
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alyssa Duffy
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deon B Doxie
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kaushal
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Connor Foster
- Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon Castellino
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Melissa L Kemp
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Peng Qiu
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Madhav V Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kavita M Dhodapkar
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Siegel DA, Richardson LC, Henley SJ, Wilson RJ, Dowling NF, Weir HK, Tai EW, Buchanan Lunsford N. Pediatric cancer mortality and survival in the United States, 2001-2016. Cancer 2020; 126:4379-4389. [PMID: 32725630 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although pediatric cancer mortality and survival have improved in the United States over the past 40 years, differences exist by age, race/ethnicity, cancer site, and economic status. To assess progress, this study examined recent mortality and survival data for individuals younger than 20 years. METHODS Age-adjusted death rates were calculated with the National Vital Statistics System for 2002-2016. Annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) were calculated with joinpoint regression. Five-year relative survival was calculated on the basis of National Program of Cancer Registries data for 2001-2015. Death rates and survival were estimated overall and by sex, 5-year age group, race/ethnicity, cancer type, and county-based economic markers. RESULTS Death rates decreased during 2002-2016 (AAPC, -1.5), with steeper declines during 2002-2009 (APC, -2.6), and then plateaued (APC, -0.4). Leukemia and brain cancer were the most common causes of death from pediatric cancer, and brain cancer surpassed leukemia in 2011. Death rates decreased for leukemia and lymphoma but were unchanged for brain, bone, and soft-tissue cancers. From 2001-2007 to 2008-2015, survival improved from 82.0% to 85.1%. Survival was highest in both periods among females, those aged 15 to 19 years, non-Hispanic Whites, and those in counties in the top 25% by economic status. Survival improved for leukemias, lymphomas, and brain cancers but plateaued for bone and soft-tissue cancers. CONCLUSIONS Although overall death rates have decreased and survival has increased, differences persist by sex, age, race/ethnicity, cancer type, and economic status. Improvements in pediatric cancer outcomes may depend on improving therapies, access to care, and supportive and long-term care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Siegel
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisa C Richardson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - S Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Reda J Wilson
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicole F Dowling
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hannah K Weir
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eric W Tai
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natasha Buchanan Lunsford
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Psychosocial Experiences of Young Adults Diagnosed With Acute Leukemia During Hospitalization for Induction Chemotherapy Treatment. J Hosp Palliat Nurs 2020; 21:167-173. [PMID: 30829935 DOI: 10.1097/njh.0000000000000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of cancer for anyone is a time of fear and uncertainty. For young adults (YAs) diagnosed with acute leukemia (AL), there are the additional challenges related to lengthy aggressive in-hospital treatment, multiple concurrent symptoms, and decreased well-being. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of YAs with AL undergoing induction chemotherapy. This study used a nested qualitative longitudinal design with a convenience sample. Qualitative data were collected using semistructured interviews, and participants were invited to maintain journals. The semistructured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and loaded into Atlas.ti for analysis. Common themes and categories were verified and used to disseminate the findings. Seven YAs, mean age 32 (SD, 4) years, participated in this study. Three thematic classifications emerged: getting through, supported yet isolated, and information exchange preferences, which detail how these YAs processed and coped during treatment. The findings from this study provide important insights for nurses regarding coping mechanisms that YAs apply, which included relying on technology and social media platforms. Additionally, the YAs in this study discussed their need for information. The findings from this study may provide insights for clinicians currently caring for YAs with AL, while also directing future palliative care research endeavors.
Collapse
|
46
|
Hao G, Zhai J, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Wu M, Qiu Y, Fan C, Yu L, Bai S, Sun L, Yang Z. Acetylshikonin induces apoptosis of human leukemia cell line K562 by inducing S phase cell cycle arrest, modulating ROS accumulation, depleting Bcr-Abl and blocking NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 122:109677. [PMID: 31810012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylshikonin, a natural naphthoquinone derivative compound from Lithospermum erythrorhyzon, has been reported to kill bacteria, suppress inflammation, and inhibit tumor growth. However, the effect of acetylshikonin on human chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) cells apoptosis and its detailed mechanisms remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether acetylshikonin could inhibit proliferation or induce apoptosis of the K562 cells, and whether by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress the development of CML. K562 cells were treated with serial diluted acetylshikonin at different concentrations. Our data showed that K562 cell growth was significantly inhibited by acetylshikonin with an IC50 of 2.03 μM at 24 h and 1.13 μM at 48 h, with increased cell cycle arrest in S-phase. The results of annexin V-FITC/PI and AO/EB staining showed that acetylshikonin induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. K562 cells treated with acetylshikonin underwent massive apoptosis accompanied by a rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Scavenging the ROS completely blocked the induction of apoptosis following acetylshikonin treatment. The levels of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 increased with increased concentrations of acetylshikonin, while the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was downregulated. The levels of Cyt C and AIF, which are characteristic proteins of the mitochondria-regulated intrinsic apoptotic pathway, also increased in the cytosol after acetylshikonin treatment. However, the mitochondrial fraction of Cyt C and AIF were decreased under acetylshikonin treatment. In addition, acetylshikonin decreased Bcr-Abl expression and inhibited its downstream signaling. Acetylshikonin could lead to a blockage of the NF-κB signaling pathway via decreasing nuclear NF-κB P65 and increasing cytoplasmic NF-κB P65. Moreover, acetylshikonin significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of IkBα and IKKα/β in K562 cells. These results demonstrated that acetylshikonin significantly inhibited K562 cell growth and induced cell apoptosis through the mitochondria-regulated intrinsic apoptotic pathway. The mechanisms may involve the modulating ROS accumulation, inhibition of NF-κB and BCR-ABL expression. The inhibition of BCR-ABL expression and the inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway caused by acetylshikonin treatment resulted in K562 cell apoptosis. Together, our results indicate that acetylshikonin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the future treatment of CML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangping Hao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Jing Zhai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Hanming Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mengdi Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yuyu Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Cundong Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Suyun Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongfa Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Economides MP, McCue D, Borthakur G, Pemmaraju N. Topoisomerase II inhibitors in AML: past, present, and future. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:1637-1644. [PMID: 31136213 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1621292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Topoisomerase II inhibitors have long been used in the frontline and as salvage therapy for AML, with daunorubicin and idarubicin being prototypical agents in this therapeutic class, classically in combination with nucleoside analogs, e.g. cytarabine. Most recently, several other compounds from this drug class have or are being investigated. Areas covered: The current paper reviews older and newer topoisomerase II inhibitors in clinical development for the treatment of AML. The authors discuss the clinical use of these agents, current trials involving them as well as their safety profile. Important side effects of these medications including therapy-related AML (t-AML) are also covered. Expert opinion: Topoisomerase II inhibitors have helped improve outcomes in AML. Recently, the FDA approved several agents including CPX-351 for the treatment of secondary and t-AML. CPX-351 may have applicability in other high-risk myeloid diseases. Future directions include a combination of these agents with other targeted therapies. Finally, the authors believe that small molecule inhibitors, such as venetoclax and possibly immunotherapy options could also be incorporated to our treatment paradigm in selected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minas P Economides
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas School of Health Sciences at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Deborah McCue
- Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Unique Challenges of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Adolescent and Young Adults with Hematologic Malignancies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 24:e11-e19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|