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Dehghanian Z, Ahmadabadi M, Asgari Lajayer B, Gougerdchi V, Hamedpour-Darabi M, Bagheri N, Sharma R, Vetukuri RR, Astatkie T, Dell B. Quinoa: A Promising Crop for Resolving the Bottleneck of Cultivation in Soils Affected by Multiple Environmental Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2117. [PMID: 39124236 PMCID: PMC11313704 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has gained worldwide recognition for its nutritional values, adaptability to diverse environments, and genetic diversity. This review explores the current understanding of quinoa tolerance to environmental stress, focusing on drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals, and UV-B radiation. Although drought and salinity have been extensively studied, other stress factors remain underexplored. The ever-increasing incidence of abiotic stress, exacerbated by unpredictable weather patterns and climate change, underscores the importance of understanding quinoa's responses to these challenges. Global gene banks safeguard quinoa's genetic diversity, supporting breeding efforts to develop stress-tolerant varieties. Recent advances in genomics and molecular tools offer promising opportunities to improve stress tolerance and increase the yield potential of quinoa. Transcriptomic studies have shed light on the responses of quinoa to drought and salinity, yet further studies are needed to elucidate its resilience to other abiotic stresses. Quinoa's ability to thrive on poor soils and limited water resources makes it a sustainable option for land restoration and food security enterprises. In conclusion, quinoa is a versatile and robust crop with the potential to address food security challenges under environmental constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dehghanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran; (Z.D.); (M.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Mohammad Ahmadabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran; (Z.D.); (M.A.); (N.B.)
| | | | - Vahideh Gougerdchi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Mohsen Hamedpour-Darabi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684471, Iran;
| | - Nazila Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz 53714-161, Iran; (Z.D.); (M.A.); (N.B.)
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Rahya Suchani, Samba, Jammu 181143, India;
| | - Ramesh R. Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23422 Lomma, Sweden;
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Bernard Dell
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, Australia;
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Palacios MB, Rizzo AJ, Heredia TB, Roqueiro G, Maldonado S, Murgida DH, Burrieza HP. Structure, ultrastructure and cation accumulation in quinoa epidermal bladder cell complex under high saline stress. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:655-669. [PMID: 38217740 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Quinoa is a facultative halophyte with excellent tolerance to salinity. In this study, the epidermal bladder cell complex (EBCc) of quinoa leaves was studied to determine their cellular characteristics and involvement in salt tolerance. We used light microscopy, confocal RAMAN microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy complemented by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Ionic content was quantified with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy and with flame emission photometry. Results show that: (i) the number of EBCcs remains constant but their density and area vary with leaf age; (ii) stalk cells store lipids and exhibit thick walls, bladder cells present carotenes in small vesicles, oxalate crystals in vacuoles and lignin in their walls and both stalk and bladder cells have cuticles that differ in wax and cutin content; (iii) chloroplasts containing starch can be found on both stalk and bladder cells, and the latter also presents grana; (iv) plasmodesmata are observed between the stalk cell and the bladder cell, and between the epidermal cell and the stalk cell, and ectodesmata-like structures are observed on the bladder cell. Under high salinity conditions, (v) there is a clear tendency to accumulate greater amounts of K+ with respect to Na+ in the bladder cell; (vi) stalk cells accumulate similar amounts of K+ and Na+; (vii) Na+ accumulates mainly in the medullary parenchyma of the stem. These results add knowledge about the structure, content, and role of EBCc under salt stress, and surprisingly present the parenchyma of the stem as the main area of Na+ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Palacios
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Axel Joel Rizzo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tatiana Belén Heredia
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), San Juan, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Roqueiro
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Juan, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), San Juan, Argentina
| | - Sara Maldonado
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Horacio Murgida
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física and INQUIMAE, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Pablo Burrieza
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Chi BJ, Guo ZJ, Wei MY, Song SW, Zhong YH, Liu JW, Zhang YC, Li J, Xu CQ, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Structural, developmental and functional analyses of leaf salt glands of mangrove recretohalophyte Aegiceras corniculatum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad123. [PMID: 37769324 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Salt secretion is an important strategy used by the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum to adapt to the coastal intertidal environment. However, the structural, developmental and functional analyses on the leaf salt glands, particularly the salt secretion mechanism, are not well documented. In this study, we investigated the structural, developmental and degenerative characteristics and the salt secretion mechanisms of salt glands to further elucidate the mechanisms of salt tolerance of A. corniculatum. The results showed that the salt gland cells have a large number of mitochondria and vesicles, and plenty of plasmodesmata as well, while chloroplasts were found in the collecting cells. The salt glands developed early and began to differentiate at the leaf primordium stage. We observed and defined three stages of salt gland degradation for the first time in A. corniculatum, where the secretory cells gradually twisted and wrinkled inward and collapsed downward as the salt gland degeneration increased and the intensity of salt gland autofluorescence gradually diminished. In addition, we found that the salt secretion rate of the salt glands increased when the treated concentration of NaCl increased, reaching the maximum at 400 mM NaCl. The salt-secreting capacity of the salt glands of the adaxial epidermis is significantly greater than that of the abaxial epidermis. The real-time quantitative PCR results indicate that SAD2, TTG1, GL2 and RBR1 may be involved in regulating the development of the salt glands of A. corniculatum. Moreover, Na+/H+ antiporter, H+-ATPase, K+ channel and Cl- channel may play important roles in the salt secretion of salt glands. In sum mary, this study strengthens the understanding of the structural, developmental and degenerative patterns of salt glands and salt secretion mechanisms in mangrove recretohalophyte A. corniculatum, providing an important reference for further studies at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
- School of Ecology, Resources and Environment, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, China
| | - Shi-Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
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4
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Moog MW, Yang X, Bendtsen AK, Dong L, Crocoll C, Imamura T, Mori M, Cushman JC, Kant MR, Palmgren M. Epidermal bladder cells as a herbivore defense mechanism. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4662-4673.e6. [PMID: 37852262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The aerial surfaces of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) are covered with a layer of epidermal bladder cells (EBCs), which are modified non-glandular trichomes previously considered to be key to the extreme salt and drought tolerance of these plants. Here, however, we find that EBCs of these plants play only minor roles, if any, in abiotic stress tolerance and in fact are detrimental under conditions of water deficit. We report that EBCs instead function as deterrents to a broad range of generalist arthropod herbivores, through their combined function of forming both a chemical and a physical barrier, and they also serve a protective function against a phytopathogen. Our study overturns current models that link EBCs to salt and drought tolerance and assigns new functions to these structures that might provide novel possibilities for protecting crops from arthropod pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max W Moog
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Amalie K Bendtsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lin Dong
- Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Crocoll
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tomohiro Imamura
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 308-1, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Masashi Mori
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 308-1, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0014, USA
| | - Merijn R Kant
- Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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5
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Wei MY, Li H, Zhang LD, Guo ZJ, Liu JY, Ding QS, Zhong YH, Li J, Ma DN, Zheng HL. Exogenous hydrogen sulfide mediates Na+ and K+ fluxes of salt gland in salt-secreting mangrove plant Avicennia marina. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1812-1826. [PMID: 35412618 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is a crucial biological player in plants. Here, we primarily explored the interaction between sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a H2S donor) and the fluxes of Na+ and K+ from the salt glands of mangrove species Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh. with non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) approaches under salinity treatments. The results showed that under 400-mM NaCl treatment, the addition of 200-μM NaHS markedly increased the quantity of salt crystals in the adaxial epidermis of A. marina leaves, accompanied by an increase in the K+/Na+ ratio. Meanwhile, the endogenous content of H2S was dramatically elevated in this process. The NMT result revealed that the Na+ efflux was increased from salt glands, whereas K+ efflux was decreased with NaHS application. On the contrary, the effects of NaHS were reversed by H2S scavenger hypotaurine (HT), and DL-propargylglycine (PAG), an inhibitor of cystathionine-γ-lyase (CES, a H2S synthase). Moreover, enzymic assay revealed that NaHS increased the activities of plasma membrane and tonoplast H+-ATPase. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that NaHS significantly increased the genes transcript levels of tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX1), plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter (SOS1), plasma membrane H+-ATPase (AHA1) and tonoplast H+-ATPase subunit c (VHA-c1), while suppressed above-mentioned gene expressions by the application of HT and PAG. Overall, H2S promotes Na+ secretion from the salt glands of A. marina by up-regulating the plasma membrane and tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter and H+-ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
- College of Food and Bio-engineering, Bengbu University, Caoshan Road, Bengbu, Anhui 233030, P.R. China
| | - Lu-Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Su Ding
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Na Ma
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiang'an South Road, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
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6
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Zhang Y, Mutailifu A, Lan H. Structure, development, and the salt response of salt bladders in Chenopodium album L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989946. [PMID: 36161027 PMCID: PMC9493005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt bladders are specialized epidermal structures that halophytes use to store and excrete excess salt. However, the cell wall composition during salt bladder development is unclear, and the functions of salt bladders in a few wild plants remain unexplored. Therefore, the present study examined salt bladder development, cell wall composition, and their roles under salt stress by employing bladder-brushed and unbrushed Chenopodium album plants. We found that the bladder cell of C. album was connected to the epidermal cells through a rectangular stalk cell and developed from the shoot tip and the young leaves. The polysaccharides of salt bladder cell wall showed dynamic distribution at different stages of development. Moreover, salt bladders affected Na+ and K+ accumulation, increased reactive oxygen species scavenging, and improved the osmoregulation and photosynthetic efficiency in leaves, subsequently enhancing the salt tolerance of plants. The findings strengthen our knowledge of the physiological mechanisms of the accessory structures in desert plants, which can be used as a reference for further research at the molecular level.
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7
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Otterbach SL, Khoury H, Rupasinghe T, Mendis H, Kwan KH, Lui V, Natera SHA, Klaiber I, Allen NM, Jarvis DE, Tester M, Roessner U, Schmöckel SM. Characterization of epidermal bladder cells in Chenopodium quinoa. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3606-3622. [PMID: 34510479 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) is considered a superfood with its favourable nutrient composition and being gluten free. Quinoa has high tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, water deficit (drought) and cold. The tolerance mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Quinoa has epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) that densely cover the shoot surface, particularly the younger parts of the plant. Here, we report on the EBC's primary and secondary metabolomes, as well as the lipidome in control conditions and in response to abiotic stresses. EBCs were isolated from plants after cold, heat, high-light, water deficit and salt treatments. We used untargeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyse metabolites and untargeted and targeted liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) for lipids and secondary metabolite analyses. We identified 64 primary metabolites, including sugars, organic acids and amino acids, 19 secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, betanin and saponins and 240 lipids categorized in five groups including glycerolipids and phospholipids. We found only few changes in the metabolic composition of EBCs in response to abiotic stresses; these were metabolites related with heat, cold and high-light treatments but not salt stress. Na+ concentrations were low in EBCs with all treatments and approximately two orders of magnitude lower than K+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Otterbach
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holly Khoury
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Himasha Mendis
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim H Kwan
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veronica Lui
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siria H A Natera
- Metabolomics Australia, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iris Klaiber
- Core Facility Hohenheim (640). Mass Spectrometry Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathaniel M Allen
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - David E Jarvis
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Mark Tester
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra M Schmöckel
- Department Physiology of Yield Stability, Institute Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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8
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Abstract
Nowadays, crop insufficiency resulting from soil salinization is threatening the world. On the basis that soil salinization has become a worldwide problem, studying the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve crop yield, to cultivate new salt-tolerant varieties, and to make full use of saline land. Based on previous studies, this paper reviews the damage of salt stress to plants, including suppression of photosynthesis, disturbance of ion homeostasis, and membrane peroxidation. We have also summarized the physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and osmotic adjustment. Four main stress-related signaling pathways, salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathway, and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway, are included. We have also enumerated some salt stress-responsive genes that correspond to physiological mechanisms. In the end, we have outlined the present approaches and techniques to improve salt tolerance of plants. All in all, we reviewed those aspects above, in the hope of providing valuable background knowledge for the future cultivation of agricultural and forestry plants.
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9
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Vega-Mendoza D, Cañas-Linares A, Flores-Alcantar A, Espinosa-Neira R, Melchy-Perez E, Vera-Estrella R, Auvynet C, Rosenstein Y. CD43 (sialophorin) is involved in the induction of extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis by lung cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6643-6656. [PMID: 33533043 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of CD43 in malignant tumors of nonhematopoietic origin such as those from lung, cervix, colon, and breast has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis, providing tumor cells with enhanced motility, anchorage-independent growth, and in vivo tumor size, while protecting the cells of NK lysis and apoptosis. To further characterize the role of CD43 in cell transformation, we tested whether interfering its expression modified the capacity of the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells to secrete molecules contributing to malignancy. The proteomic analysis of the secretome of serum-starved A549 cells revealed that cells expressing normal levels of CD43 released significantly high levels of molecules involved in extracellular matrix organization, angiogenesis, platelet degranulation, collagen degradation, and inflammation, as compared to CD43 RNAi cells. This data reveals a novel and unexpected role for CD43 in lung cancer development, mainly in remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vega-Mendoza
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alicia Cañas-Linares
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Angel Flores-Alcantar
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Roberto Espinosa-Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,División de Investigación Básica, Laboratorio de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erika Melchy-Perez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Constance Auvynet
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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10
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Kiani-Pouya A, Rasouli F, Shabala L, Tahir AT, Zhou M, Shabala S. Understanding the role of root-related traits in salinity tolerance of quinoa accessions with contrasting epidermal bladder cell patterning. PLANTA 2020; 251:103. [PMID: 32372252 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To compensate for the lack of capacity for external salt storage in the epidermal bladder cells, quinoa plants employ tissue-tolerance traits, to confer salinity stress tolerance. Our previous studies indicated that sequestration of toxic Na+ and Cl- ions into epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) is an efficient mechanism conferring salinity tolerance in quinoa. However, some halophytes do not develop EBCs but still possess superior salinity tolerance. To elucidate the possible compensation mechanism(s) underlying superior salinity tolerance in the absence of the external salt storage capacity, we have selected four quinoa accessions with contrasting patterns of EBC development. Whole-plant physiological and electrophysiological characteristics were assessed after 2 days and 3 weeks of 400 mM NaCl stress. Both accessions with low EBC volume utilised Na+ exclusion at the root level and could maintain low Na+ concentration in leaves to compensate for the inability to sequester Na+ load in EBC. These conclusions were further confirmed by electrophysiological experiments showing higher Na+ efflux from roots of these varieties (measured by a non-invasive microelectrode MIFE technique) as compared to accessions with high EBC volume. Furthermore, accessions with low EBC volume had significantly higher K+ concentration in their leaves upon long-term salinity exposures compared to plants with high EBC sequestration ability, suggesting that the ability to maintain high K+ content in the leaf mesophyll was as another important compensation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kiani-Pouya
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Rasouli
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Ayesha T Tahir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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11
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Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris) Guard Cells Responses to Salinity Stress: A Proteomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072331. [PMID: 32230932 PMCID: PMC7212754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint affecting crop growth and threatening global food security. Plants adapt to salinity by optimizing the performance of stomata. Stomata are formed by two guard cells (GCs) that are morphologically and functionally distinct from the other leaf cells. These microscopic sphincters inserted into the wax-covered epidermis of the shoot balance CO2 intake for photosynthetic carbon gain and concomitant water loss. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying stomatal function under saline conditions, we used proteomics approach to study isolated GCs from the salt-tolerant sugar beet species. Of the 2088 proteins identified in sugar beet GCs, 82 were differentially regulated by salt treatment. According to bioinformatics analysis (GO enrichment analysis and protein classification), these proteins were involved in lipid metabolism, cell wall modification, ATP biosynthesis, and signaling. Among the significant differentially abundant proteins, several proteins classified as "stress proteins" were upregulated, including non-specific lipid transfer protein, chaperone proteins, heat shock proteins, inorganic pyrophosphatase 2, responsible for energized vacuole membrane for ion transportation. Moreover, several antioxidant enzymes (peroxide, superoxidase dismutase) were highly upregulated. Furthermore, cell wall proteins detected in GCs provided some evidence that GC walls were more flexible in response to salt stress. Proteins such as L-ascorbate oxidase that were constitutively high under both control and high salinity conditions may contribute to the ability of sugar beet GCs to adapt to salinity by mitigating salinity-induced oxidative stress.
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Hwang HH, Wang CH, Huang HW, Chiang CP, Chi SF, Huang FC, Yen HE. Functional analysis of McSnRK1 (SNF1-related protein kinase 1) in regulating Na/K homeostasis in transgenic cultured cells and roots of halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:915-926. [PMID: 31037366 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic callus and roots of ice plant with altered SnRK1 function were established using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The role of McSnRK1 in controlling Na+ influx and Na/K ratio was demonstrated. SnRK1 kinases (SNF1-related protein kinase1) control metabolic adaptation during energy deprivation and regulate protective mechanisms against environmental stress. Yeast SNF1 activates a P-type ATPase, the Na+ exclusion pump, under glucose starvation. The involvement of plant SnRK1 in salt stress response is largely unknown. We previously identified a salt-induced McSnRK1 in the halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). In the current study, the function of McSnRK1 in salt tolerance was analyzed in transgenic cultured cells and roots of ice plant. Ice plant callus constitutively expressed a high level of McSnRK1 and introducing the full-length McSnRK1 did not alter the Na/K ratio at 24 h after 200 mM NaCl treatment. However, interfering with McSnRK1 activity by introducing a truncate McSnRK1 to produce a dominant-negative form of McSnRK1 increased cellular Na+ accumulation and Na/K ratio. As a result, the growth of cultured cells diminished under salt treatment. Hydroponically grown ice plants with roots expressing full-length McSnRK1 had better growth and lowered Na/K ratio compared to the wild-type or vector-only plants. Roots expressing a truncate McSnRK1 had reduced growth and high Na/K ratio under 400 mM NaCl treatment. The changes in Na/K ratio in transgenic cells and whole plants demonstrated the function of SnRK1 in controlling Na+ flux and maintaining Na/K homeostasis under salinity. The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system could be a versatile tool for functional analysis of genes involved in salt tolerance in the ice plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Hsuan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pin Chiang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Fei Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hungchen E Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Lim SD, Lee S, Choi WG, Yim WC, Cushman JC. Laying the Foundation for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) Biodesign: Expression of the C 4 Metabolism Cycle Genes of CAM in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30804970 PMCID: PMC6378705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized mode of photosynthesis that exploits a temporal CO2 pump with nocturnal CO2 uptake and concentration to reduce photorespiration, improve water-use efficiency (WUE), and optimize the adaptability of plants to hotter and drier climates. Introducing the CAM photosynthetic machinery into C3 (or C4) photosynthesis plants (CAM Biodesign) represents a potentially breakthrough strategy for improving WUE while maintaining high productivity. To optimize the success of CAM Biodesign approaches, the functional analysis of individual C4 metabolism cycle genes is necessary to identify the essential genes for robust CAM pathway introduction. Here, we isolated and analyzed the subcellular localizations of 13 enzymes and regulatory proteins of the C4 metabolism cycle of CAM from the common ice plant in stably transformed Arabidopsis thaliana. Six components of the carboxylation module were analyzed including beta-carbonic anhydrase (McBCA2), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (McPEPC1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase (McPPCK1), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (McNAD-MDH1, McNAD-MDH2), and NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (McNADP-MDH1). In addition, seven components of the decarboxylation module were analyzed including NAD-dependent malic enzyme (McNAD-ME1, McNAD-ME2), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (McNADP-ME1, NADP-ME2), pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (McPPDK), pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase-regulatory protein (McPPDK-RP), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (McPEPCK). Ectopic overexpression of most C4-metabolism cycle components resulted in increased rosette diameter, leaf area, and leaf fresh weight of A. thaliana except for McNADP-MDH1, McPPDK-RP, and McPEPCK. Overexpression of most carboxylation module components resulted in increased stomatal conductance and dawn/dusk titratable acidity (TA) as an indirect measure of organic acid (mainly malate) accumulation in A. thaliana. In contrast, overexpression of the decarboxylating malic enzymes reduced stomatal conductance and TA. This comprehensive study provides fundamental insights into the relative functional contributions of each of the individual components of the core C4-metabolism cycle of CAM and represents a critical first step in laying the foundation for CAM Biodesign.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John C. Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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14
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Hwang HH, Wang CH, Chen HH, Ho JF, Chi SF, Huang FC, Yen HE. Effective Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for callus and roots of halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). BOTANICAL STUDIES 2019; 60:1. [PMID: 30617933 PMCID: PMC6323063 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-018-0249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) is a model plant for studying salt-tolerant mechanisms in higher plants. Many salt stress-responsive ice plant genes have been identified with molecular and biochemical approaches. However, no further functional characterization of these genes in host plant due to lack of easy and effective transformation protocols. RESULTS To establish efficient transformation system of ice plants, three types of ice plant materials, hypocotyl-derived callus, aseptically-grown seedlings and pot-grown juvenile plants, were used to develop Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols. The highest transient transformation efficiency was with 5-day-old ice plant callus co-incubated with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens at 2.5 × 109 cells mL-1 for 48 h. The 3-day-old ice plant seedlings with root tip removed were successfully infected with A. tumefaciens or A. rhizogenes, and obtained 85% and 33-100% transient transformation rates, respectively. The transient transformation assays in ice plant callus and seedlings demonstrated that the concentrations of Agrobacteria, the durations of co-incubation time, and the plant growth stages were three important factors affecting the transient transformation efficiencies. Additionally, pot-grown juvenile plants were syringe-injected with two A. rhizogenes strains A8196 and NCPPB 1855, to establish transformed roots. After infections, ice plants were grown hydroponically and showed GUS expressions in transformed roots for 8 consecutive weeks. CONCLUSIONS Our Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols utilized hypocotyl-derived callus and seedlings as plant materials, which can be easily obtained in large quantity. The average successful transient transformation rates were about 2.4-3.0% with callus and 33.3-100.0% with seedlings. We also developed a rapid and efficient protocol to generate transgenic roots by A. rhizogenes infections without laborious and challenging tissue culture techniques. This protocol to establish composite ice plant system demonstrates excellent improvements in efficiency, efficacy, and ease of use over previous ice plant transformation protocols. These Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols can be versatile and efficient tools for exploring gene functions at cellular and organ levels of ice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau-Hsuan Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Huei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Jia-Fang Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Shin-Fei Chi
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Fan-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hungchen Emilie Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
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16
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Kim Hong HT, Bich Phuong TT, Thu Thuy NT, Wheatley MD, Cushman JC. Simultaneous chloroplast, mitochondria isolation and mitochondrial protein preparation for two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis of Ice plant leaves under well watered and water-deficit stressed treatments. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 155:86-94. [PMID: 30508586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a simultaneous isolation of pure, intact chloroplasts and mitochondria from mature leaves of Ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) and mitochondrial protein preparation for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) analysis under well watered and water -deficit stressed treatments. The washed chloroplasts and mitochondria were purified with Percoll gradients prepared using a Master flex R pump. The chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins were extracted in lysis buffer containing a protease inhibitor mix supplemented with 1 μM Leupeptin and 1 μM E64, followed by precipitation with ice-cold acetone. The protein contents were determined by an EZQ protein quantitation kit. The results show that chloroplast and mitochondria isolated from Ice plant leaves via this protocol have pure and intact. The shape of chloroplast and mitochondria observed by microscopy were clear and sharp. This procedure was employed for assessing the significant differences in mitochondrial protein expression patterns from the well watered and water-deficit stressed treatment leaves collected at dawn (6 a.m.) and dusk (6 p.m.). The results showed 71 and 20 differentially abundant spots between control and CAM for 6 a.m. and 6 p.m., respectively. In addition, 32 protein spots were differentially abundant for 6 a.m. control compared with 6 p.m. control, and 45 protein spots were differentially abundant for 6 a.m. CAM compared with 6 p.m. CAM. Spots that displayed differential abundance for control compared with CAM likely included proteins involved in mitochondrial processes necessary for CAM function. Through further analysis, these proteins will be identified and characterized in the near future using mass-spectrometry-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang T Kim Hong
- Department of Biology, Hue University of Science, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue City, Viet Nam.
| | - Truong T Bich Phuong
- Department of Biology, Hue University of Science, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen T Thu Thuy
- Department of Biology, Hue University of Science, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Matthew D Wheatley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS 200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS 200, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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17
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Roka L, Koudounas K, Daras G, Zoidakis J, Vlahou A, Kalaitzis P, Hatzopoulos P. Proteome of olive non-glandular trichomes reveals protective protein network against (a)biotic challenge. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:210-218. [PMID: 30286324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Olive is one of the most important fruit crop trees in the history of Mediterranean because of the high quality oil. Olive oil has a well-balanced fatty acid composition along with biophenols, which make it exceptional in human diet and provide an exceptional value to the olive oil. Leaf non-glandular peltate trichomes are specialized cell types representing a protective barrier against acute environmental conditions. To characterize the proteome of this highly differentiated cell type, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis among isolated trichomes and trichome-less leaves. Proteins were separated and identified using the 2-DE MALDI-TOF/MS method. A number of enzymes involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses are present and may be responsible for the adaptation to prolonged adverse environmental conditions. The results show that this highly differentiated cell type is physiologically active fulfilling the demands of the trichomes in furnishing the leaf with a highly protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Roka
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Gerasimos Daras
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kalaitzis
- Horticultural Genetics, Department of Horticultural Genetics and Biotechnology, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Chania, Greece
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18
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Hinojosa L, González JA, Barrios-Masias FH, Fuentes F, Murphy KM. Quinoa Abiotic Stress Responses: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E106. [PMID: 30501077 PMCID: PMC6313892 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a genetically diverse Andean crop that has earned special attention worldwide due to its nutritional and health benefits and its ability to adapt to contrasting environments, including nutrient-poor and saline soils and drought stressed marginal agroecosystems. Drought and salinity are the abiotic stresses most studied in quinoa; however, studies of other important stress factors, such as heat, cold, heavy metals, and UV-B light irradiance, are severely limited. In the last few decades, the incidence of abiotic stress has been accentuated by the increase in unpredictable weather patterns. Furthermore, stresses habitually occur as combinations of two or more. The goals of this review are to: (1) provide an in-depth description of the existing knowledge of quinoa's tolerance to different abiotic stressors; (2) summarize quinoa's physiological responses to these stressors; and (3) describe novel advances in molecular tools that can aid our understanding of the mechanisms underlying quinoa's abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Hinojosa
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA.
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agrnomía, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Chimborazo, Riobamba 060106, Ecuador.
| | - Juan A González
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Instituto de Ecología, Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán Post 4000, Argentina.
| | - Felipe H Barrios-Masias
- Department of Agriculture, Veterinary and Rangeland Sciences, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Francisco Fuentes
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna, Macul, Santiago 4860, Chile.
| | - Kevin M Murphy
- Sustainable Seed Systems Lab, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, USA.
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Barkla BJ, Garibay-Hernández A, Melzer M, Rupasinghe TWT, Roessner U. Single cell-type analysis of cellular lipid remodelling in response to salinity in the epidermal bladder cells of the model halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2390-2403. [PMID: 29813189 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress causes dramatic changes in the organization and dynamic properties of membranes, however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms involved. Modified trichomes, known as epidermal bladder cells (EBC), on the leaves and stems of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum can be successfully exploited as a single-cell-type system to investigate salt-induced changes to cellular lipid composition. In this study, alterations in key molecular species from different lipid classes highlighted an increase in phospholipid species, particularly those from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid (PA), where the latter is central to the synthesis of membrane lipids. Triacylglycerol (TG) species decreased during salinity, while there was little change in plastidic galactolipids. EBC transcriptomic and proteomic data mining revealed changes in genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism and the upregulation of transcripts for PIPKIB, PI5PII, PIPKIII, and phospholipase D delta suggested the induction of signalling processes mediated by phosphoinositides and PA. TEM and flow cytometry showed the dynamic nature of lipid droplets in these cells under salt stress. Altogether, this work indicates that the metabolism of TG might play an important role in EBC response to salinity as either an energy reserve for sodium accumulation and/or driving membrane biosynthesis for EBC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Seeland, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thusitha W T Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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20
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Böhm J, Messerer M, Müller HM, Scholz-Starke J, Gradogna A, Scherzer S, Maierhofer T, Bazihizina N, Zhang H, Stigloher C, Ache P, Al-Rasheid KAS, Mayer KFX, Shabala S, Carpaneto A, Haberer G, Zhu JK, Hedrich R. Understanding the Molecular Basis of Salt Sequestration in Epidermal Bladder Cells of Chenopodium quinoa. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3075-3085.e7. [PMID: 30245105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is destroying arable land and is considered to be one of the major threats to global food security in the 21st century. Therefore, the ability of naturally salt-tolerant halophyte plants to sequester large quantities of salt in external structures, such as epidermal bladder cells (EBCs), is of great interest. Using Chenopodium quinoa, a pseudo-cereal halophyte of great economic potential, we have shown previously that, upon removal of salt bladders, quinoa becomes salt sensitive. In this work, we analyzed the molecular mechanism underlying the unique salt dumping capabilities of bladder cells in quinoa. The transporters differentially expressed in the EBC transcriptome and functional electrophysiological testing of key EBC transporters in Xenopus oocytes revealed that loading of Na+ and Cl- into EBCs is mediated by a set of tailored plasma and vacuole membrane-based sodium-selective channel and chloride-permeable transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Böhm
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Maxim Messerer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heike M Müller
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Scholz-Starke
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Sönke Scherzer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Maierhofer
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Nadia Bazihizina
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ache
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Khaled A S Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, PRC
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council (CNR), Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy; Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Georg Haberer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Road, Shanghai 201602, China; Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, 97082 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Veytia-Bucheli JI, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Melchy-Pérez EI, Sandoval-Hernández MA, Possani LD, Rosenstein Y. K v1.3 channel blockade with the Vm24 scorpion toxin attenuates the CD4 + effector memory T cell response to TCR stimulation. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:45. [PMID: 30107837 PMCID: PMC6092819 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In T cells, the Kv1.3 and the KCa3.1 potassium channels regulate the membrane potential and calcium homeostasis. Notably, during TEM cell activation, the number of Kv1.3 channels on the cell membrane dramatically increases. Kv1.3 blockade results in inhibition of Ca2+ signaling in TEM cells, thus eliciting an immunomodulatory effect. Among the naturally occurring peptides, the Vm24 toxin from the Mexican scorpion Vaejovis mexicanus is the most potent and selective Kv1.3 channel blocker known, which makes it a promissory candidate for its use in the clinic. We have shown that addition of Vm24 to TCR-activated human T cells inhibits CD25 expression, cell proliferation and reduces delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in a chronic inflammation model. Here, we used the Vm24 toxin as a tool to investigate the molecular events that follow Kv1.3 blockade specifically on human CD4+ TEM cells as they are actively involved in inflammation and are key mediators of autoimmune diseases. METHODS We combined cell viability, activation, and multiplex cytokine assays with a proteomic analysis to identify the biological processes affected by Kv1.3 blockade on healthy donors CD4+ TEM cells, following TCR activation in the presence or absence of the Vm24 toxin. RESULTS The peptide completely blocked Kv1.3 channels currents without impairing TEM cell viability, and in response to TCR stimulation, it inhibited the expression of the activation markers CD25 and CD40L (but not that of CD69), as well as the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13. These results, in combination with data from the proteomic analysis, indicate that the biological processes most affected by the blockade of Kv1.3 channels in a T cell activation context were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, mRNA processing via spliceosome, response to unfolded proteins and intracellular vesicle transport, targeting the cell protein synthesis machinery. CONCLUSIONS The Vm24 toxin, a highly specific inhibitor of Kv1.3 channels allowed us to define downstream functions of the Kv1.3 channels in human CD4+ TEM lymphocytes. Blocking Kv1.3 channels profoundly affects the mRNA synthesis machinery, the unfolded protein response and the intracellular vesicle transport, impairing the synthesis and secretion of cytokines in response to TCR engagement, underscoring the role of Kv1.3 channels in regulating TEM lymphocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Veytia-Bucheli
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juana María Jiménez-Vargas
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Erika Isabel Melchy-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Monserrat Alba Sandoval-Hernández
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourival Domingos Possani
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, 62210 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
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Barkla BJ, Rhodes T, Tran KNT, Wijesinghege C, Larkin JC, Dassanayake M. Making Epidermal Bladder Cells Bigger: Developmental- and Salinity-Induced Endopolyploidy in a Model Halophyte. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:615-632. [PMID: 29724770 PMCID: PMC6001328 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Endopolyploidy occurs when DNA replication takes place without subsequent mitotic nuclear division, resulting in cell-specific ploidy levels within tissues. In plants, endopolyploidy plays an important role in sustaining growth and development, but only a few studies have demonstrated a role in abiotic stress response. In this study, we investigated the function of ploidy level and nuclear and cell size in leaf expansion throughout development and tracked cell type-specific ploidy in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum In addition to developmental endopolyploidy, we examined the effects of salinity stress on ploidy level. We focused specifically on epidermal bladder cells (EBC), which are modified balloon-like trichomes, due to their large size and role in salt accumulation. Our results demonstrate that ploidy increases as the leaves expand in a similar manner for each leaf type, and ploidy levels up to 512C were recorded for nuclei in EBC of leaves of adult plants. Salt treatment led to a significant increase in ploidy levels in the EBC, and these cells showed spatially related differences in their ploidy and nuclear and cell size depending on the positions on the leaf and stem surface. Transcriptome analysis highlighted salinity-induced changes in genes involved in DNA replication, cell cycle, endoreduplication, and trichome development in EBC. The increase in cell size and ploidy observed in M. crystallinum under salinity stress may contribute to salt tolerance by increasing the storage capacity for sodium sequestration brought about by higher metabolic activity driving rapid cell enlargement in the leaf tissue and EBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Timothy Rhodes
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia
| | - Kieu-Nga T Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Chathura Wijesinghege
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - John C Larkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
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Meng X, Zhou J, Sui N. Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Halophytes: Current Understanding and Recent Advances. Open Life Sci 2018; 13:149-154. [PMID: 33817080 PMCID: PMC7874743 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytes are plants that exhibit high salt tolerance, allowing them to survive and thrive under extremely saline conditions. The study of halophytes advances our understanding about the important adaptations that are required for survival in high salinity conditions, including secretion of salt through the salt glands, regulation of cellular ion homeostasis and osmotic pressure, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and alterations in membrane composition. To explore the mechanisms that contribute to tolerance to salt stress, salt-responsive genes have been isolated from halophytes and expressed in non-salt tolerant plants using targeted transgenic technologies. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that underpin salt tolerance in different halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Meng
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Na Sui
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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24
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Kiani-Pouya A, Roessner U, Jayasinghe NS, Lutz A, Rupasinghe T, Bazihizina N, Bohm J, Alharbi S, Hedrich R, Shabala S. Epidermal bladder cells confer salinity stress tolerance in the halophyte quinoa and Atriplex species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1900-1915. [PMID: 28558173 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) have been postulated to assist halophytes in coping with saline environments. However, little direct supporting evidence is available. Here, Chenopodium quinoa plants were grown under saline conditions for 5 weeks. One day prior to salinity treatment, EBCs from all leaves and petioles were gently removed by using a soft cosmetic brush and physiological, ionic and metabolic changes in brushed and non-brushed leaves were compared. Gentle removal of EBC neither initiated wound metabolism nor affected the physiology and biochemistry of control-grown plants but did have a pronounced effect on salt-grown plants, resulting in a salt-sensitive phenotype. Of 91 detected metabolites, more than half were significantly affected by salinity. Removal of EBC dramatically modified these metabolic changes, with the biggest differences reported for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proline, sucrose and inositol, affecting ion transport across cellular membranes (as shown in electrophysiological experiments). This work provides the first direct evidence for a role of EBC in salt tolerance in halophytes and attributes this to (1) a key role of EBC as a salt dump for external sequestration of sodium; (2) improved K+ retention in leaf mesophyll and (3) EBC as a storage space for several metabolites known to modulate plant ionic relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kiani-Pouya
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nirupama S Jayasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrian Lutz
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadia Bazihizina
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Deptartment of Agrifood Production and Environmental Science, University of Florence, I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Jennifer Bohm
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Würzburg University, 97082, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Sulaiman Alharbi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, Würzburg University, 97082, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, 7001, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Dassanayake M, Larkin JC. Making Plants Break a Sweat: the Structure, Function, and Evolution of Plant Salt Glands. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:406. [PMID: 28400779 PMCID: PMC5368257 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a complex trait that poses a grand challenge in developing new crops better adapted to saline environments. Some plants, called recretohalophytes, that have naturally evolved to secrete excess salts through salt glands, offer an underexplored genetic resource for examining how plant development, anatomy, and physiology integrate to prevent excess salt from building up to toxic levels in plant tissue. In this review we examine the structure and evolution of salt glands, salt gland-specific gene expression, and the possibility that all salt glands have originated via evolutionary modifications of trichomes. Salt secretion via salt glands is found in more than 50 species in 14 angiosperm families distributed in caryophyllales, asterids, rosids, and grasses. The salt glands of these distantly related clades can be grouped into four structural classes. Although salt glands appear to have originated independently at least 12 times, they share convergently evolved features that facilitate salt compartmentalization and excretion. We review the structural diversity and evolution of salt glands, major transporters and proteins associated with salt transport and secretion in halophytes, salt gland relevant gene expression regulation, and the prospect for using new genomic and transcriptomic tools in combination with information from model organisms to better understand how salt glands contribute to salt tolerance. Finally, we consider the prospects for using this knowledge to engineer salt glands to increase salt tolerance in model species, and ultimately in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
| | - John C. Larkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton RougeLA, USA
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26
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Chiang CP, Yim WC, Sun YH, Ohnishi M, Mimura T, Cushman JC, Yen HE. Identification of Ice Plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) MicroRNAs Using RNA-Seq and Their Putative Roles in High Salinity Responses in Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1143. [PMID: 27555850 PMCID: PMC4977306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common or crystalline ice plant) is a useful model for studying molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. The morphology, physiology, metabolism, and gene expression of ice plant have been studied and large-scale analyses of gene expression profiling have drawn an outline of salt tolerance in ice plant. A rapid root growth to a sudden increase in salinity was observed in ice plant seedlings. Using a fluorescent dye to detect Na(+), we found that ice plant roots respond to an increased flux of Na(+) by either secreting or storing Na(+) in specialized cells. High-throughput sequencing was used to identify small RNA profiles in 3-day-old seedlings treated with or without 200 mM NaCl. In total, 135 conserved miRNAs belonging to 21 families were found. The hairpin precursor of 19 conserved mcr-miRNAs and 12 novel mcr-miRNAs were identified. After 6 h of salt stress, the expression of most mcr-miRNAs showed decreased relative abundance, whereas the expression of their corresponding target genes showed increased mRNA relative abundance. The cognate target genes are involved in a broad range of biological processes: transcription factors that regulate growth and development, enzymes that catalyze miRNA biogenesis for the most conserved mcr-miRNA, and proteins that are involved in ion homeostasis and drought-stress responses for some novel mcr-miRNAs. Analyses of the functions of target genes revealed that cellular processes, including growth and development, metabolism, and ion transport activity are likely to be enhanced in roots under salt stress. The expression of eleven conserved miRNAs and two novel miRNAs were correlated reciprocally with predicted targets within hours after salt stress exposure. Several conserved miRNAs have been known to regulate root elongation, root apical meristem activity, and lateral root formation. Based upon the expression pattern of miRNA and target genes in combination with the observation of Na(+) distribution, ice plant likely responds to increased salinity by using Na(+) as an osmoticum for cell expansion and guard cell opening. Excessive Na(+) could either be secreted through the root epidermis or stored in specialized leaf epidermal cells. These responses are regulated in part at the miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Pin Chiang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Won C. Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
| | - Ying-Hsuan Sun
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Miwa Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe UniversityKobe, Japan
| | | | - John C. Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of NevadaReno, NV, USA
| | - Hungchen E. Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
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27
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Yuan F, Leng B, Wang B. Progress in Studying Salt Secretion from the Salt Glands in Recretohalophytes: How Do Plants Secrete Salt? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:977. [PMID: 27446195 PMCID: PMC4927796 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To survive in a saline environment, halophytes have evolved many strategies to resist salt stress. The salt glands of recretohalophytes are exceptional features for directly secreting salt out of a plant. Knowledge of the pathway(s) of salt secretion in relation to the function of salt glands may help us to change the salt-tolerance of crops and to cultivate the extensive saline lands that are available. Recently, ultrastructural studies of salt glands and the mechanism of salt secretion, particularly the candidate genes involved in salt secretion, have been illustrated in detail. In this review, we summarize current researches on salt gland structure, salt secretion mechanism and candidate genes involved, and provide an overview of the salt secretion pathway and the asymmetric ion transport of the salt gland. A new model recretohalophyte is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baoshan Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal UniversityJi’nan, China
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28
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Barkla BJ, Vera-Estrella R, Raymond C. Single-cell-type quantitative proteomic and ionomic analysis of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte model plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum to identify salt-responsive proteins. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:110. [PMID: 27160145 PMCID: PMC4862212 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal bladder cells (EBC) are large single-celled, specialized, and modified trichomes found on the aerial parts of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Recent development of a simple but high throughput technique to extract the contents from these cells has provided an opportunity to conduct detailed single-cell-type analyses of their molecular characteristics at high resolution to gain insight into the role of these cells in the salt tolerance of the plant. RESULTS In this study, we carry out large-scale complementary quantitative proteomic studies using both a label (DIGE) and label-free (GeLC-MS) approach to identify salt-responsive proteins in the EBC extract. Additionally we perform an ionomics analysis (ICP-MS) to follow changes in the amounts of 27 different elements. Using these methods, we were able to identify 54 proteins and nine elements that showed statistically significant changes in the EBC from salt-treated plants. GO enrichment analysis identified a large number of transport proteins but also proteins involved in photosynthesis, primary metabolism and Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Validation of results by western blot, confocal microscopy and enzyme analysis helped to strengthen findings and further our understanding into the role of these specialized cells. As expected EBC accumulated large quantities of sodium, however, the most abundant element was chloride suggesting the sequestration of this ion into the EBC vacuole is just as important for salt tolerance. CONCLUSIONS This single-cell type omics approach shows that epidermal bladder cells of M. crystallinum are metabolically active modified trichomes, with primary metabolism supporting cell growth, ion accumulation, compatible solute synthesis and CAM. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004045.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, MOR, México
| | - Carolyn Raymond
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
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Identification of Host Cell Factors Associated with Astrovirus Replication in Caco-2 Cells. J Virol 2015; 89:10359-70. [PMID: 26246569 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01225-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Astroviruses are small, nonenveloped viruses with a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome causing acute gastroenteritis in children and immunocompromised patients. Since positive-sense RNA viruses have frequently been found to replicate in association with membranous structures, in this work we characterized the replication of the human astrovirus serotype 8 strain Yuc8 in Caco-2 cells, using density gradient centrifugation and free-flow zonal electrophoresis (FFZE) to fractionate cellular membranes. Structural and nonstructural viral proteins, positive- and negative-sense viral RNA, and infectious virus particles were found to be associated with a distinct population of membranes separated by FFZE. The cellular proteins associated with this membrane population in infected and mock-infected cells were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicated that membranes derived from multiple cell organelles were present in the population. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that groups of proteins with roles in fatty acid synthesis and ATP biosynthesis were highly enriched in the fractions of this population in infected cells. Based on this information, we investigated by RNA interference the role that some of the identified proteins might have in the replication cycle of the virus. Silencing of the expression of genes involved in cholesterol (DHCR7, CYP51A1) and fatty acid (FASN) synthesis, phosphatidylinositol (PI4KIIIβ) and inositol phosphate (ITPR3) metabolism, and RNA helicase activity (DDX23) significantly decreased the amounts of Yuc8 genomic and antigenomic RNA, synthesis of the structural protein VP90, and virus yield. These results strongly suggest that astrovirus RNA replication and particle assembly take place in association with modified membranes potentially derived from multiple cell organelles. IMPORTANCE Astroviruses are common etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in children and immunocompromised patients. More recently, they have been associated with neurological diseases in mammals, including humans, and are also responsible for different pathologies in birds. In this work, we provide evidence that astrovirus RNA replication and virus assembly occur in contact with cell membranes potentially derived from multiple cell organelles and show that membrane-associated cellular proteins involved in lipid metabolism are required for efficient viral replication. Our findings provide information to enhance our knowledge of astrovirus biology and provide information that might be useful for the development of therapeutic interventions to prevent virus replication.
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Oh DH, Barkla BJ, Vera-Estrella R, Pantoja O, Lee SY, Bohnert HJ, Dassanayake M. Cell type-specific responses to salinity - the epidermal bladder cell transcriptome of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:627-44. [PMID: 25944243 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (ice plant) exhibits extreme tolerance to salt. Epidermal bladder cells (EBCs), developing on the surface of aerial tissues and specialized in sodium sequestration and other protective functions, are critical for the plant's stress adaptation. We present the first transcriptome analysis of EBCs isolated from intact plants, to investigate cell type-specific responses during plant salt adaptation. We developed a de novo assembled, nonredundant EBC reference transcriptome. Using RNAseq, we compared the expression patterns of the EBC-specific transcriptome between control and salt-treated plants. The EBC reference transcriptome consists of 37 341 transcript-contigs, of which 7% showed significantly different expression between salt-treated and control samples. We identified significant changes in ion transport, metabolism related to energy generation and osmolyte accumulation, stress signalling, and organelle functions, as well as a number of lineage-specific genes of unknown function, in response to salt treatment. The salinity-induced EBC transcriptome includes active transcript clusters, refuting the view of EBCs as passive storage compartments in the whole-plant stress response. EBC transcriptomes, differing from those of whole plants or leaf tissue, exemplify the importance of cell type-specific resolution in understanding stress adaptive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ha Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, Colonia Miraval, Cuernavaca, MOR, 62250, México
| | - Omar Pantoja
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, A.P. 510-3, Colonia Miraval, Cuernavaca, MOR, 62250, México
| | - Sang-Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, South Korea
| | - Hans J Bohnert
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Maheshi Dassanayake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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Barkla BJ, Vera-Estrella R. Single cell-type comparative metabolomics of epidermal bladder cells from the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:435. [PMID: 26113856 PMCID: PMC4462104 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One of the remarkable adaptive features of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum are the specialized modified trichomes called epidermal bladder cells (EBC) which cover the leaves, stems, and peduncle of the plant. They are present from an early developmental stage but upon salt stress rapidly expand due to the accumulation of water and sodium. This particular plant feature makes it an attractive system for single cell type studies, with recent proteomics and transcriptomics studies of the EBC establishing that these cells are metabolically active and have roles other than sodium sequestration. To continue our investigation into the function of these unusual cells we carried out a comprehensive global analysis of the metabolites present in the EBC extract by gas chromatography Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF) and identified 194 known and 722 total molecular features. Statistical analysis of the metabolic changes between control and salt-treated samples identified 352 significantly differing metabolites (268 after correction for FDR). Principal components analysis provided an unbiased evaluation of the data variance structure. Biochemical pathway enrichment analysis suggested significant perturbations in 13 biochemical pathways as defined in KEGG. More than 50% of the metabolites that show significant changes in the EBC, can be classified as compatible solutes and include sugars, sugar alcohols, protein and non-protein amino acids, and organic acids, highlighting the need to maintain osmotic homeostasis to balance the accumulation of Na(+) and Cl(-) ions. Overall, the comparison of metabolic changes in salt treated relative to control samples suggests large alterations in M. crystallinum epidermal bladder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J. Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross UniversityLismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavaca, Mexico
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Vera-Estrella R, Barkla BJ, Pantoja O. Comparative 2D-DIGE analysis of salinity responsive microsomal proteins from leaves of salt-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana and salt-tolerant Thellungiella salsuginea. J Proteomics 2014; 111:113-27. [PMID: 24892798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Halophytes have evolved unique molecular strategies to overcome high soil salinity but we still know very little about the main mechanisms that these plants use to complete their lifecycle under salinity stress. One useful approach to further our understanding in this area is to directly compare the response to salinity of two closely related species which show diverse levels of salt tolerance. Here we present a comparative proteomic study using DIGE of leaf microsomal proteins to identify salt-responsive membrane associated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana (a glycophyte) and Thellungiella salsuginea (a halophyte). While a small number of distinct protein abundance changes were observed upon salt stress in both species, the most notable differences were observed between species and specifically, in untreated plants with a total of 36 proteins displaying significant abundance changes. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis showed that the majority of these proteins were distributed into two functional categories; transport (31%) and carbohydrate metabolism (17%). Results identify several novel salt responsive proteins in this system and support the theory that T. salsuginea shows a high degree of salt-tolerance because molecular mechanisms are primed to deal with the stress. This intrinsic ability to anticipate salinity stress distinguishes it from the glycophyte A. thaliana. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE There is significant interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that plants use to tolerate salinity as soil salinization is becoming an increasing concern for agriculture with high soil Na(+) levels leading to reduced yields and economic loss. Much of our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms employed by plants to combat salinity stress has come from work on salt-sensitive plants, but studies on naturally occurring highly salt-resistant plants, halophytes, and direct comparisons between closely related glycophytes and halophytes, could help to further our understanding of salinity tolerance mechanisms. In this study, employing two closely related species which differ markedly in their salt-tolerance, we carried out a quantitative proteomic approach using 2D-DIGE to identify salt-responsive proteins and compare and contrast the differences between the two plant species. Our work complements a previous study using iTRAQ technology (34) and highlights the benefits of using alternative technologies and approaches to gain a broader representation of the salt-responsive proteome in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico.
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Omar Pantoja
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, Mexico
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Barkla BJ, Castellanos-Cervantes T, de León JLD, Matros A, Mock HP, Perez-Alfocea F, Salekdeh GH, Witzel K, Zörb C. Elucidation of salt stress defense and tolerance mechanisms of crop plants using proteomics--current achievements and perspectives. Proteomics 2014; 13:1885-900. [PMID: 23723162 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is a major threat limiting the productivity of crop plants. A clear demand for improving the salinity tolerance of the major crop plants is imposed by the rapidly growing world population. This review summarizes the achievements of proteomic studies to elucidate the response mechanisms of selected model and crop plants to cope with salinity stress. We also aim at identifying research areas, which deserve increased attention in future proteome studies, as a prerequisite to identify novel targets for breeding strategies. Such areas include the impact of plant-microbial communities on the salinity tolerance of crops under field conditions, the importance of hormone signaling in abiotic stress tolerance, and the significance of control mechanisms underlying the observed changes in the proteome patterns. We briefly highlight the impact of novel tools for future proteome studies and argue for the use of integrated approaches. The evaluation of genetic resources by means of novel automated phenotyping facilities will have a large impact on the application of proteomics especially in combination with metabolomics or transcriptomics.
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