1
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Comparison of two azobenzene-based amino acid derivatization reagents for LC-MS/MS analysis in positive and negative ESI modes. Talanta 2022; 252:123803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Dhyani R, Shankar K, Bhatt A, Jain S, Hussain A, Navani NK. Homogentisic Acid-Based Whole-Cell Biosensor for Detection of Alkaptonuria Disease. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4521-4527. [PMID: 33655752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Clinicians require simple quantitative tools for the detection of homogentisic acid in alkaptonuria patients, a rare inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism. In this study, we report a whole-cell biosensor for homogentisic acid to detect alkaptonuria disease through the expression of green fluorescence protein. The assay system utilizes a promoter sequence (hmgA) isolated from the Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome. To increase the sensitivity, the sensor module harboring phmgA::GFP was further transformed into various transposon mutants debilitated in steps involved in the metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine via homogentisic acid as a central intermediate. The proposed biosensor was further checked for analytical features such as sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, and precision for the quantification of homogentisic acid in spiked urine samples. The limit of detection for the developed biosensor was calculated to be 3.9 μM, which is comparable to that of the various analytical techniques currently in use. The sensor construct showed no interference from all of the amino acids and its homolog molecules. The accuracy and precision of the proposed biosensor were validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat Dhyani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Shankar
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ankita Bhatt
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shubham Jain
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ajmal Hussain
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Navani
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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3
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Martín Santos P, Del Nogal Sánchez M, Pérez Pavón JL, Moreno Cordero B. Non-separative method based on a single quadrupole mass spectrometer for the semi-quantitative determination of amino acids in saliva samples. A preliminary study. Talanta 2020; 208:120381. [PMID: 31816699 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids have been of great interest in clinical studies since variation in their concentration may provide information about different disorders. For the first time, a non-separative method based on single quadrupole mass spectrometry (qMS) for the simultaneous semiquantitative determination of sixteen amino acids in saliva samples has been developed. The method includes derivatisation of amino acids with ethyl chloroformate-pyridine-ethanol to obtain volatile products, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and further analysis using a programmed temperature vaporizer (PTV) coupled to qMS. This method could be applied to the analysis of a great number of saliva samples, limiting the use of separative methods only when abnormal concentrations of amino acids were found, reducing analysis time and cost. The results obtained in the determination of amino acids using the non-separative method were compared to those obtained when a separative method based on gas chromatography (GC) was used, providing values of average relative predictive error (E %) ranging between 2 and 48%. Repeatability and reproducibility were tested, obtaining relative standard deviation (RSD) values equal to or lower than 11% and 16%, respectively. Detection limits were in the range of 0.076-8.747 mg L-1 for the non-separative method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Martín Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Del Nogal Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - José Luis Pérez Pavón
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Bernardo Moreno Cordero
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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4
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Baruteau J, Khalil Y, Grunewald S, Zancolli M, Chakrapani A, Cleary M, Davison J, Footitt E, Waddington SN, Gissen P, Mills P. Urea Cycle Related Amino Acids Measured in Dried Bloodspots Enable Long-Term In Vivo Monitoring and Therapeutic Adjustment. Metabolites 2019; 9:E275. [PMID: 31718089 PMCID: PMC6918381 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried bloodspots are easy to collect and to transport to assess various metabolites, such as amino acids. Dried bloodspots are routinely used for diagnosis and monitoring of some inherited metabolic diseases. METHODS Measurement of amino acids from dried blood spots by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS We describe a novel rapid method to measure underivatised urea cycle related amino acids. Application of this method enabled accurate monitoring of these amino acids to assess the efficacy of therapies in argininosuccinate lyase deficient mice and monitoring of these metabolites in patients with urea cycle defects. CONCLUSION Measuring urea cycle related amino acids in urea cycle defects from dried blood spots is a reliable tool in animal research and will be of benefit in the clinic, facilitating optimisation of protein-restricted diet and preventing amino acid deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Baruteau
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.K.); (P.G.); (P.M.)
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK; (S.G.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (J.D.); (E.F.)
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7HA, UK;
| | - Youssef Khalil
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.K.); (P.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK; (S.G.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (J.D.); (E.F.)
| | - Marta Zancolli
- National Institute of Health Research Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7HA, UK;
| | - Anupam Chakrapani
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK; (S.G.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (J.D.); (E.F.)
| | - Maureen Cleary
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK; (S.G.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (J.D.); (E.F.)
| | - James Davison
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK; (S.G.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (J.D.); (E.F.)
| | - Emma Footitt
- Metabolic Medicine Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK; (S.G.); (A.C.); (M.C.); (J.D.); (E.F.)
| | - Simon N. Waddington
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.K.); (P.G.); (P.M.)
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Philippa Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; (Y.K.); (P.G.); (P.M.)
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5
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Wempe MF, Kumar A, Kumar V, Choi YJ, Swanson MA, Friederich MW, Hyland K, Yue WW, Van Hove JLK, Coughlin CR. Identification of a novel biomarker for pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy: Implications for newborn screening. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:565-574. [PMID: 30663059 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is often characterized as an early onset epileptic encephalopathy with dramatic clinical improvement following pyridoxine supplementation. Unfortunately, not all patients present with classic neonatal seizures or respond to an initial pyridoxine trial, which can result in the under diagnosis of this treatable disorder. Restriction of lysine intake and transport is associated with improved neurologic outcomes, although treatment should be started in the first year of life to be effective. Because of the documented diagnostic delay and benefit of early treatment, we aimed to develop a newborn screening method for PDE. Previous studies have demonstrated the accumulation of Δ1 -piperideine-6-carboxylate and α-aminoadipic semialdehyde in individuals with PDE, although these metabolites are unstable at room temperature (RT) limiting their utility for newborn screening. As a result, we sought to identify a biomarker that could be applied to current newborn screening paradigms. We identified a novel metabolite, 6-oxo-pipecolate (6-oxo-PIP), which accumulates in substantial amounts in blood, plasma, urine, and cerebral spinal fluid of individuals with PDE. Using a stable isotope-labeled internal standard, we developed a nonderivatized liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based method to quantify 6-oxo-PIP. This method replicates the analytical techniques used in many laboratories and could be used with few modifications in newborn screening programs. Furthermore, 6-oxo-PIP was measurable in urine for 4 months even when stored at RT. Herein, we report a novel biomarker for PDE that is stable at RT and can be quantified using current newborn screening techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Wempe
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amit Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Vijay Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yu J Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael A Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marisa W Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Keith Hyland
- Medical Neurogenetics Laboratories, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wyatt W Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Curtis R Coughlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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6
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Cai T, Zhou J, Jiang Y, Xie K, Fang D, Qi H, Wu Z. Gas-phase intramolecular hydroxyl-amino exchange of protonated arginine and verified by the synthetic intermediate compound. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:700-704. [PMID: 29813178 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new fragmentation process was proposed to interpret the characteristic product ion at m/z 130 of protonated arginine. The α-amino group was dissociated from protonated arginine and then combined with the (M + H-NH3 ) fragment to form an ion-neutral complex which further generated a hydroxyl-amino exchange intermediate compound through an ion-molecule reaction. This intermediate compound was synthesized from argininamide through a diazo reaction, and then the reaction mixture was analyzed using liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The collision-induced dissociation experiments under the same conditions revealed that this intermediate compound produced the characteristic product ion at m/z 130 as well as protonated arginine, and in addition, density functional theory calculations were performed to confirm simultaneous loss of NH3 and CO from this intermediate to give the m/z 130 ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Cai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kexin Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongmei Fang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huayi Qi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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7
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Gao AW, Chatzispyrou IA, Kamble R, Liu YJ, Herzog K, Smith RL, van Lenthe H, Vervaart MAT, van Cruchten A, Luyf AC, van Kampen A, Pras-Raves ML, Vaz FM, Houtkooper RH. A sensitive mass spectrometry platform identifies metabolic changes of life history traits in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2408. [PMID: 28546536 PMCID: PMC5445081 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02539-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal nutrient metabolism is a hallmark of aging, and the underlying genetic and nutritional framework is rapidly being uncovered, particularly using C. elegans as a model. However, the direct metabolic consequences of perturbations in life history of C. elegans remain to be clarified. Based on recent advances in the metabolomics field, we optimized and validated a sensitive mass spectrometry (MS) platform for identification of major metabolite classes in worms and applied it to study age and diet related changes. Using this platform that allowed detection of over 600 metabolites in a sample of 2500 worms, we observed marked changes in fatty acids, amino acids and phospholipids during worm life history, which were independent from the germ-line. Worms underwent a striking shift in lipid metabolism after early adulthood that was at least partly controlled by the metabolic regulator AAK-2/AMPK. Most amino acids peaked during development, except aspartic acid and glycine, which accumulated in aged worms. Dietary intervention also influenced worm metabolite profiles and the regulation was highly specific depending on the metabolite class. Altogether, these MS-based methods are powerful tools to perform worm metabolomics for aging and metabolism-oriented studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwen W Gao
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iliana A Chatzispyrou
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rashmi Kamble
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yasmine J Liu
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Herzog
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reuben L Smith
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk van Lenthe
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin A T Vervaart
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arno van Cruchten
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela C Luyf
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine van Kampen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mia L Pras-Raves
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riekelt H Houtkooper
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Wagner M, Tonoli D, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:361-438. [PMID: 25252132 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) typically consist in the deposition of small volumes of capillary blood onto dedicated paper cards. Comparatively to whole blood or plasma samples, their benefits rely in the fact that sample collection is easier and that logistic aspects related to sample storage and shipment can be relatively limited, respectively, without the need of a refrigerator or dry ice. Originally, this approach has been developed in the sixties to support the analysis of phenylalanine for the detection of phenylketonuria in newborns using bacterial inhibition test. In the nineties tandem mass spectrometry was established as the detection technique for phenylalanine and tyrosine. DBS became rapidly recognized for their clinical value: they were widely implemented in pediatric settings with mass spectrometric detection, and were closely associated to the debut of newborn screening (NBS) programs, as a part of public health policies. Since then, sample collection on paper cards has been explored with various analytical techniques in other areas more or less successfully regarding large-scale applications. Moreover, in the last 5 years a regain of interest for DBS was observed and originated from the bioanalytical community to support drug development (e.g., PK studies) or therapeutic drug monitoring mainly. Those recent applications were essentially driven by improved sensitivity of triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. This review presents an overall view of all instrumental and methodological developments for DBS analysis with mass spectrometric detection, with and without separation techniques. A general introduction to DBS will describe their advantages and historical aspects of their emergence. A second section will focus on blood collection, with a strong emphasis on specific parameters that can impact quantitative analysis, including chromatographic effects, hematocrit effects, blood effects, and analyte stability. A third part of the review is dedicated to sample preparation and will consider off-line and on-line extractions; in particular, instrumental designs that have been developed so far for DBS extraction will be detailed. Flow injection analysis and applications will be discussed in section IV. The application of surface analysis mass spectrometry (DESI, paper spray, DART, APTDCI, MALDI, LDTD-APCI, and ICP) to DBS is described in section V, while applications based on separation techniques (e.g., liquid or gas chromatography) are presented in section VI. To conclude this review, the current status of DBS analysis is summarized, and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wagner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Tonoli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Varesio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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9
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HAYAMA T. Development of Analytical Methods Utilizing Selectivity of Fluorous Affinity and Their Applications. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2015.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Direct tandem mass spectrometric analysis of amino acids in plasma using fluorous derivatization and monolithic solid-phase purification. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Significantly decreased and more variable expression of major CYPs and UGTs in liver microsomes prepared from HBV-positive human hepatocellular carcinoma and matched pericarcinomatous tissues determined using an isotope label-free UPLC-MS/MS method. Pharm Res 2014; 32:1141-57. [PMID: 25288013 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the liver expression of cytochrome P450 (CYPs) and uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), the major phase I and II metabolism enzymes responsible for clearance and detoxification of drugs, xenobiotic and endogenous substances. METHODS A validated isotope label-free method was established for absolute and simultaneous quantification of 9 CYPs (1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D, 2E1 and 3A4) and 5 UGTs (1A1, 1A4, 1A6, 1A9 and 2B7) in human liver microsomes using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS The LC-MS/MS method displayed excellent dynamic range (at least 250-fold) and high sensitivity for each of the signature peptides with acceptable recovery, accuracy and precision. The protein expression profile of CYP and UGT isoforms were then determined in match microsomes samples prepared from patients with HBV-positive human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the tumor microsomes, the average absolute amounts of 8 major CYP isoforms (except CYP2C19) and 3 UGT isoforms (UGT1A1, UGT1A4 and UGT2B7) were decreased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 levels were unchanged (p > 0.05). In addition, among isoforms with altered expression, 6 of 8 CYP isoforms and all three UGT isoforms were much more variable in tumor microsomes. Lastly, the importance of CYP3A4 was greatly diminished whereas the importance of UGT1A6 was enhanced in tumor microsomes. CONCLUSION The use of an isotope label-free absolute quantification method for the simultaneous determination of 9 CYPs and 5 UGTs in human liver microsomes reveals that expression levels of CYPs and UGTs in human liver are severely impact by HCC, which could impact drug metabolism, disposition and pharmacotherapy.
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12
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Analysis of amino acids by HPLC/electrospray negative ion tandem mass spectrometry using 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc-Cl) derivatization. Amino Acids 2014; 46:2799-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Kim MI, Park TJ, Heo NS, Woo MA, Cho D, Lee SY, Park HG. Cell-based method utilizing fluorescent Escherichia coli auxotrophs for quantification of multiple amino acids. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2489-96. [PMID: 24475885 DOI: 10.1021/ac403429s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cell-based assay system for simultaneous quantification of the three amino acids, phenylalanine (Phe), methionine (Met), and leucine (Leu) in a single biological sample, was developed and applied in the multiplex diagnosis of three key metabolic diseases of newborn babies. The assay utilizes three Escherichia coli auxotrophs, which grow only in the presence of the corresponding target amino acids and which contain three different fluorescent reporter plasmids that produce distinguishable fluorescence signals (red, green, and cyan) in concert with cell growth. To mixtures of the three auxotrophs, immobilized on agarose gels arrayed on a well plate, is added a test sample. Following incubation, the concentrations of the three amino acids in the sample are simultaneously determined by measuring the intensities of three fluorescence signals that correspond to the reporter plasmids. The clinical utility of this assay system was demonstrated by employing it to identify metabolic diseases of newborn babies through the quantification of Phe, Met, and Leu in clinically derived dried blood spot specimens. The general strategy developed in this effort should be applicable to the design of new assay systems for the quantification of multiple amino acids derived from complex biological samples and, as such, to expand the utilization of cell-based analytical systems that replace conventional, yet laborious methods currently in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Il Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK21+ Program), KAIST , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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14
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Chen G, Li J, Sun Z, Zhang S, Li G, Song C, Suo Y, You J. Rapid and sensitive ultrasonic-assisted derivatisation microextraction (UDME) technique for bitter taste-free amino acids (FAA) study by HPLC-FLD. Food Chem 2013; 143:97-105. [PMID: 24054218 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids, as the main contributors to taste, are usually found in relatively high levels in bitter foods. In this work, we focused on seeking a rapid, sensitive and simple method to determine FAA for large batches of micro-samples and to explore the relationship between FAA and bitterness. Overall condition optimisation indicated that the new UDME technique offered higher derivatisation yields and extraction efficiencies than traditional methods. Only 35min was needed in the whole operation process. Very low LLOQ (Lower limit of quantification: 0.21-5.43nmol/L) for FAA in twelve bitter foods was obtained, with which BTT (bitter taste thresholds) and CABT (content of FAA at BTT level) were newly determined. The ratio of CABT to BTT increased with decreasing of BTT. This work provided powerful potential for the high-throughput trace analysis of micro-sample and also a methodology to study the relationship between the chemical constituents and the taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China; The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
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Jeong JS, Kim SK, Park SR. Amino acid analysis of dried blood spots for diagnosis of phenylketonuria using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry equipped with a sheathless electrospray ionization interface. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8063-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bioanalytical LC separation techniques for quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:495-512. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative analysis of free amino acids in human plasma has become an important and essential analysis parameter in different areas of life sciences. Free amino acid concentrations in human plasma samples are generally determined by means of GC or LC after chemical derivatization followed by UV, fluorescent or MS detection of the amino acid derivatives. Derivatization of free amino acids is done either pre- or post-column, and the amino acid derivatives obtained posess improved chromatographic behavior, increased detection sensitivity and selectivity compared with non-derivatized free amino acids. This work gives an overview of different chemical derivatization methods applied and their liquid separation techniques in bioanalytical assays for quantitative free amino acid analysis in human plasma samples. Important plasma preparation procedures, pre- and post-column derivatization, and different LC separation techniques are presented.
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Rebollido-Fernandez MM, Castiñeiras DE, Bóveda MD, Couce ML, Cocho JA, Fraga JM. Development of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry methods for the study of a high number of urine markers of inborn errors of metabolism. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:2131-2144. [PMID: 22886809 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Rapid and specific screening methods to detect abnormal metabolites in biological fluids are important for the diagnosis of many Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM). In Galicia (N.W. Spain), where newborn screening (NBS) has long used both blood and urine dried samples, an expanded NBS by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) begun in July 2000 analyzing amino acids and acylcarnitines in blood. The purpose of this study is the development of methods to widen and to complement the present NBS with the study of the selected metabolites in urine. METHODS We studied and optimized the fragmentation of a total of 96 marking compounds of IEM, as well as 34 isotopically labeled internal standards (IS). The isobaric interferences were resolved with the use of alternative fragmentation in 14 of the 28 groups found. The methods were validated for 68 compounds following the recommendations of the NCCLS. RESULTS We have developed electrospray ionization (ESI)- MS/MS methods in positive and negative ionization modes to detect selected metabolites in urine. The study was performed by direct injection of amino acids and acylcarnitines in positive mode, and organic acids, acylglycines, purines and pyrimidines in negative mode. Run times were 2.5 and 2.6 min, respectively, allowing the daily analysis of a high number of samples. CONCLUSIONS The validated methods were proved effective for the simultaneous study of a large number of metabolites which are commonly present in urine samples and are used for detecting IEM. The evaluation was done by searching diagnostic profiles with multiple markers to increase sensitivity and specificity (e.g., acylcarnitines plus amino acids) or with specific urine markers (cystine, homogentisic acid, sialic acid, N-acetylaspartic acid, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maira Rebollido-Fernandez
- Laboratorio Metabolopatías, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Trav. Choupana s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
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Míguez-Framil M, Moreda-Piñeiro A, Bermejo-Barrera P, Cocho JÁ, Tabernero MJ, Bermejo AM. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of opiates and cocaine in human hair. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 704:123-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rahbar A, Rivers R, Boja E, Kinsinger C, Mesri M, Hiltke T, Rodriguez H. Realizing individualized medicine: the road to translating proteomics from the laboratory to the clinic. Per Med 2011; 8:45-57. [DOI: 10.2217/pme.10.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The sequencing of the human genome has brought great promise and potential for the future of medicine, as well as providing a strong momentum for the burgeoning field of individualized medicine. Tests based on genetic information can be used to allow physicians to target therapies for those patients most likely to benefit from specific therapies and identify potential risk before the onset of disease. While advances in genomics-based molecular diagnostics are progressing, producing some useful US FDA-approved/-cleared diagnostic tests, protein-based molecular diagnostics have not met its promised potential. This article will provide an overview of protein-based analysis technologies, identify their strengths and limitations, discuss barriers to protein-based biomarker development and identify issues which must be addressed in order to successfully transfer the field of proteomics from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rahbar
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Rivers
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, Center for Strategic Scientific Initiatives, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Data mining methods for classification of Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) using non-derivatized tandem MS neonatal screening data. J Biomed Inform 2010; 44:319-25. [PMID: 21167313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening programs for severe metabolic disorders using tandem mass spectrometry are widely used. Medium-Chain Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is the most prevalent mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defect (1:15,000 newborns) and it has been proven that early detection of this metabolic disease decreases mortality and improves the outcome. In previous studies, data mining methods on derivatized tandem MS datasets have shown high classification accuracies. However, no machine learning methods currently have been applied to datasets based on non-derivatized screening methods. A dataset with 44,159 blood samples was collected using a non-derivatized screening method as part of a systematic newborn screening by the PCMA screening center (Belgium). Twelve MCADD cases were present in this partially MCADD-enriched dataset. We extended three data mining methods, namely C4.5 decision trees, logistic regression and ridge logistic regression, with a parameter and threshold optimization method and evaluated their applicability as a diagnostic support tool. Within a stratified cross-validation setting, a grid search was performed for each model for a wide range of model parameters, included variables and classification thresholds. The best performing model used ridge logistic regression and achieved a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 99.987% and a positive predictive value of 32% (recalibrated for a real population), obtained in a stratified cross-validation setting. These results were further validated on an independent test set. Using a method that combines ridge logistic regression with variable selection and threshold optimization, a significantly improved performance was achieved compared to the current state-of-the-art for derivatized data, while retaining more interpretability and requiring less variables. The results indicate the potential value of data mining methods as a diagnostic support tool.
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21
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Baran R, Bowen BP, Bouskill NJ, Brodie EL, Yannone SM, Northen TR. Metabolite Identification in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 Using Untargeted Stable Isotope Assisted Metabolite Profiling. Anal Chem 2010; 82:9034-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Baran
- Life Sciences Division and Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Bowen
- Life Sciences Division and Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Bouskill
- Life Sciences Division and Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eoin L. Brodie
- Life Sciences Division and Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Steven M. Yannone
- Life Sciences Division and Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trent R. Northen
- Life Sciences Division and Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Mass spectrometry-based proteomics in biomedical research: emerging technologies and future strategies. Expert Rev Mol Med 2010; 12:e30. [DOI: 10.1017/s1462399410001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the technology and methods widely available for mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics have increased in power and potential, allowing the study of protein-level processes occurring in biological systems. Although these methods remain an active area of research, established techniques are already helping answer biological questions. Here, this recent evolution of MS-based proteomics and its applications are reviewed, including standard methods for protein and peptide separation, biochemical fractionation, quantitation, targeted MS approaches such as selected reaction monitoring, data analysis and bioinformatics. Recent research in many of these areas reveals that proteomics has moved beyond simply cataloguing proteins in biological systems and is finally living up to its initial potential – as an essential tool to aid related disciplines, notably health research. From here, there is great potential for MS-based proteomics to move beyond basic research, into clinical research and diagnostics.
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23
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Determination of trace amino acids in human serum by a selective and sensitive pre-column derivatization method using HPLC-FLD-MS/MS and derivatization optimization by response surface methodology. Amino Acids 2010; 40:1185-93. [PMID: 20844907 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of trace amino acids (AA) in physiological fluids has received more attention, because the analysis of these compounds could provide fundamental and important information for medical, biological, and clinical researches. More accurate method for the determination of those compounds is highly desirable and valuable. In the present study, we developed a selective and sensitive method for trace AA determination in biological samples using 2-[2-(7H-dibenzo [a,g]carbazol-7-yl)-ethoxy] ethyl chloroformate (DBCEC) as labeling reagent by HPLC-FLD-MS/MS. Response surface methodology (RSM) was first employed to optimize the derivatization reaction between DBCEC and AA. Compared with traditional single-factor design, RSM was capable of lessening laborious, time and reagents consumption. The complete derivatization can be achieved within 6.3 min at room temperature. In conjunction with a gradient elution, a baseline resolution of 20 AA containing acidic, neutral, and basic AA was achieved on a reversed-phase Hypersil BDS C(18) column. This method showed excellent reproducibility and correlation coefficient, and offered the exciting detection limits of 0.19-1.17 fmol/μL. The developed method was successfully applied to determinate AA in human serum. The sensitive and prognostic index of serum AA for liver diseases has also been discussed.
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Jiang W, Wysocki VH, Dodds ED, Miesfeld RL, Scaraffia PY. Differentiation and quantification of C1 and C2 (13)C-labeled glucose by tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2010; 404:40-4. [PMID: 20447372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The fragmentation patterns of various (13)C-labeled glucose molecules were analyzed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Derivatization of glucose to yield methylglucosamine makes the C-C bond between C1 and C2 a favored cleavage site. This is in contrast to underivatized glucose, which favorably undergoes loss of a fragment containing both C1 and C2. Based on the fragmentation pattern of methylglucoasmine, we developed a method to distinguish and quantify C1 and C2 (13)C-labeled glucose by derivatization with methylamine followed by multiple reaction monitoring scans in a Q-trap mass spectrometer. Fragment ion ratios in the tandem mass spectra showed an isotope effect with (13)C or deuterium labeling, so a "correction factor" was introduced to make the quantification more accurate. The current approach can be applied to individually monitor the metabolic origin and fate of C1 and C2 atoms in (13)C-labeled glucose. This method provides a new means of quantifying glucose isotopomers in metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, 85721, USA
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25
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Kim MI, Yu BJ, Woo MA, Cho D, Dordick JS, Cho JH, Choi BO, Park HG. Multiplexed Amino Acid Array Utilizing Bioluminescent Escherichia coli Auxotrophs. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4072-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100087r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moon Il Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Byung Jo Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Min-Ah Woo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Daeyeon Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - June Hyoung Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Byung-Ok Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
| | - Hyun Gyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST 335 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, MD Science Inc., 258-1 Munji-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, LabGenomics Co., Ltd., #1571-17 Seocho3-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-874, Republic of Korea, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine
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Armenta JM, Cortes DF, Pisciotta JM, Shuman JL, Blakeslee K, Rasoloson D, Ogunbiyi O, Sullivan DJ, Shulaev V. Sensitive and rapid method for amino acid quantitation in malaria biological samples using AccQ.Tag ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring. Anal Chem 2010; 82:548-58. [PMID: 20038084 PMCID: PMC2829832 DOI: 10.1021/ac901790q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An AccQ*Tag ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (AccQ*Tag-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for fast, reproducible, and sensitive amino acid quantitation in biological samples, particularly, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is presented. The Waters Acquity TQD UPLC/MS system equipped with a photodiode array (PDA) detector was used for amino acid separation and detection. The method was developed and validated using amino acid standard mixtures containing acidic, neutral, and basic amino acids. For MS analysis, the optimum cone voltage implemented, based on direct infusion analysis of a few selected AccQ*Tag amino acids with multiple reaction monitoring, varied from 29 to 39 V, whereas the collision energy varied from 15 to 35 V. Calibration curves were built using both internal and external standardization. Typically, a linear response for all amino acids was observed at concentration ranges of 3 x 10(-3)-25 pmol/muL. For some amino acids, concentration limits of detection were as low as 1.65 fmol. The coefficients of variation for retention times were within the range of 0.08-1.08%. The coefficients of variation for amino acid quantitation, determined from triplicate UPLC-MS/MS runs, were below 8% on the average. The developed AccQ*Tag-UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method revealed good technical and biological reproducibility when applied to P. falciparum and human red blood cells samples. This study should provide a valuable insight into the performance of UPLC-ESI-MS/MS for amino acid quantitation using AccQ*Tag derivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M. Armenta
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Diego F. Cortes
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - John M. Pisciotta
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore MD 21205
| | - Joel L. Shuman
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Kenneth Blakeslee
- Waters Corporation, MedStar Building, Suite 103, 5565 Sterrett Place, Columbia, MD 21044
| | - Dominique Rasoloson
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore MD 21205
| | - Oluwatosin Ogunbiyi
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore MD 21205
| | - David J. Sullivan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore MD 21205
| | - Vladimir Shulaev
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157
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Lin L, Yu Q, Yan X, Hang W, Zheng J, Xing J, Huang B. Direct infusion mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for human metabonomics? A serum metabonomic study of kidney cancer. Analyst 2010; 135:2970-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Nagy K, Redeuil K, Rezzi S. Online Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Performed in the Ion Mobility Cell of a Hybrid Mass Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9365-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ac901736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Nagy
- Metabonomics and Biomarkers Group, BioAnalytical Science Department, Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec Limited, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karine Redeuil
- Metabonomics and Biomarkers Group, BioAnalytical Science Department, Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec Limited, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Metabonomics and Biomarkers Group, BioAnalytical Science Department, Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec Limited, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Kim K, Kim Y. Preparing multiple-reaction monitoring for quantitative clinical proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2009; 6:225-9. [PMID: 19489693 DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Woolfitt AR, Solano MI, Williams TL, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. Amino Acid Analysis of Peptides Using Isobaric-Tagged Isotope Dilution LC−MS/MS. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3979-85. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900367q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian R. Woolfitt
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - Maria I. Solano
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - Tracie L. Williams
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - James L. Pirkle
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
| | - John R. Barr
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, Georgia 30341
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Bongiorno D, Ceraulo L, Camarda L, Ciofalo M, Ferrugia M, Indelicato S, Mele A, Liveri VT. Gas-phase ion chemistry of protonated melatonin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2009; 15:199-208. [PMID: 19423905 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase ion chemistry of protonated melatonin has been investigated by mass spectrometric (MS) techniques involving chemical ionisation, fast atom bombardment and electrospray ionisation. Either naturally- occurring or collision-induced decomposition e-D derivatives obtained by exchange with D(2)O. The analysis of experimental results allows definite pathways for the formation of the ion at m/z 174 to be assigned and sheds some more light on the overall fragmentation pathways. Experiments on labelled derivatives evidenced H-D scrambling processes during fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bongiorno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, I-90123 Palermo, Italy
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Chalcraft KR, Britz-McKibbin P. Newborn Screening of Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Capillary Electrophoresis−Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: A Second-Tier Method with Improved Specificity and Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2008; 81:307-14. [PMID: 19117458 DOI: 10.1021/ac8020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. Chalcraft
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Dietzen DJ, Weindel AL, Carayannopoulos MO, Landt M, Normansell ET, Reimschisel TE, Smith CH. Rapid comprehensive amino acid analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: comparison to cation exchange with post-column ninhydrin detection. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3481-3488. [PMID: 18853396 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ion-exchange chromatography with ninhydrin detection remains the gold standard for detecting inborn errors of amino acid catabolism and transport. Disadvantages of such analysis include long chromatography times and interference from other ninhydrin-positive compounds. The aim of this project was to develop a more rapid and specific technique using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Optimal fragmentation patterns for 32 amino acids were determined on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer following butylation. Chromatographic characteristics of each of the amino acids were determined using C8 reversed-phase chromatography with 20% acetonitrile/0.1% formic acid as isocratic mobile phase. Quantitation using eleven deuterated internal standards was compared to cation exchange and ninhydrin detection on a Beckman 7300 system. Following methanol extraction and butylation, determination of 32 amino acids required 20 min. The dynamic range of each amino acid was generally 1-1000 micromol/L. Imprecision ranged from 7 to 23% (CV) over 6 months and recovery ranged from 88-125%. Deming regression with the Beckman 7300 yielded slopes from 0.4-1.2, intercepts from -21 to 65 micromol/L, correlation coefficients from 0.84-0.99 and Syx from 2-125 micromol/L. Isobaric amino acids were separated by chromatography (e.g. leucine, isoleucine) or by unique fragmentation (e.g., alanine, beta-alanine). LC/MS/MS is comparable to traditional LC-ninhydrin detection. Mass spectral detection shortens analysis times and reduces potential for interference in detecting inborn metabolic errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Dietzen
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Depke M, Fusch G, Domanska G, Geffers R, Völker U, Schuett C, Kiank C. Hypermetabolic syndrome as a consequence of repeated psychological stress in mice. Endocrinology 2008; 149:2714-23. [PMID: 18325986 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a powerful modulator of neuroendocrine, behavioral, and immunological functions. After 4.5-d repeated combined acoustic and restraint stress as a murine model of chronic psychological stress, severe metabolic dysregulations became detectable in female BALB/c mice. Stress-induced alterations of metabolic processes that were found in a hepatic mRNA expression profiling were verified by in vivo analyses. Repeatedly stressed mice developed a hypermetabolic syndrome with the severe loss of lean body mass, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, increased amino acid turnover, and acidosis. This was associated with hypercortisolism, hyperleptinemia, insulin resistance, and hypothyroidism. In contrast, after a single acute stress exposure, changes in expression of metabolic genes were much less pronounced and predominantly confined to gluconeogenesis, probably indicating that metabolic disturbances might be initiated already early but will only manifest in repeatedly stressed mice. Thus, in our murine model, repeated stress caused severe metabolic dysregulations, leading to a drastic reduction of the individual's energy reserves. Under such circumstances stress may further reduce the ability to cope with new stressors such as infection or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Depke
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Ellis DI, Dunn WB, Griffin JL, Allwood JW, Goodacre R. Metabolic fingerprinting as a diagnostic tool. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 8:1243-66. [PMID: 17924839 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.8.9.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the framework of systems biology, functional analyses at all 'omic levels have seen an intense level of activity during the first decade of the twenty-first century. These include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics. It could be said that metabolomics offers some unique advantages over the other 'omics disciplines and one of the core approaches of metabolomics for disease diagnostics is metabolic fingerprinting. This review provides an overview of the main metabolic fingerprinting approaches used for disease diagnostics and includes: infrared and Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, followed by an introduction to a wide range of novel mass spectrometry-based methods, which are currently under intense investigation and developmental activity in laboratories worldwide. It is hoped that this review will act as a springboard for researchers and clinicians across a wide range of disciplines in this exciting era of multidisciplinary and novel approaches to disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Ellis
- University of Manchester, School of Chemistry, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7ND, UK.
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Bishop MJ, Crow B, Norton D, Paliakov E, George J, Bralley JA. Direct analysis of un-derivatized asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine from plasma using mixed-mode ion-exchange liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 859:164-9. [PMID: 17931984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A high-throughput analytical method was developed for the measurement of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and L-arginine (ARG) from plasma using LC/MS/MS. The sample preparation was simple and only required microfiltration prior to analysis. ADMA and ARG were assayed using mixed-mode ion-exchange chromatography which allowed for the retention of the un-derivatized compounds. The need for chromatographic separation of ADMA from symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) was avoided by using an ADMA specific product ion. As a result, the analytical method only required a total run time of 2 min. The method was validated by linearity, with r2>or=0.995 for both compounds, and accuracy, with no more than 7% deviation from the theoretical value. The estimated limit of detection and limit of quantification were suitable for clinical evaluations. The mean values of plasma ADMA and ARG taken from healthy volunteers (n=15) were 0.66+/-0.12 and 87+/-35 microM, respectively; the mean molar ratio of ARG to ADMA was 142+/-81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bishop
- Metametrix Clinical Laboratory, 3425 Corporate Way, Duluth, GA 30096, United States.
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Højer-Pedersen J, Smedsgaard J, Nielsen J. Elucidating the mode-of-action of compounds from metabolite profiling studies. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2007; 64:103, 105-29. [PMID: 17195473 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7643-7567-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite profiling has been carried out for decades and is as such not a new research area. However, the field has attracted increasing attention in the last couple of years, and the term metabolome is now often used to describe the complete pool of metabolites associated with an organism at any given time. Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are the best candidates for comprehensive analysis of the metabolome and the application of these technologies is presented in this chapter. In this relation, the importance of efficient metabolite screening for discovery of novel drugs is discussed. Related to metabolite profiling, the principals underlying the application of labeled substrates to quantify in vivo metabolic fluxes are introduced, and the chapter is concluded by discussing the perspectives of metabolite measurements in systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Højer-Pedersen
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby
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Bishop MJ, Crow B, Norton D, Kovalcik K, George J, Bralley JA. A simple and selective method for the measurement of leucine and isoleucine from plasma using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1920-4. [PMID: 17510935 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method was developed for the rapid and accurate quantification of leucine (LEU) and isoleucine (ILE) from plasma using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The two isomeric amino acids were selectively detected using fragment ions unique to each compound. As a result, the need for chromatographic separation was avoided allowing for faster analysis (3 min). The possibility of any considerable interference between the two transitions was closely monitored, with no significant interference being observed. The presence of interfering compounds in plasma was also evaluated and found to minimal. The method was evaluated based upon linearity, with r2>or=0.995 for both compounds, and accuracy, with no more than 8% deviation from the theoretical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bishop
- Metametrix Clinical Laboratory, R&D 201, 4855 Peachtree Industrial Blvd., Norcross, GA 30092, USA.
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Yoon HR, Lee KR, Kang S, Lee DH, Yoo HW, Min WK, Cho DH, Shin SM, Kim J, Song J, Yoon HJ, Seo S, Hahn SH. Screening of newborns and high-risk group of children for inborn metabolic disorders using tandem mass spectrometry in South Korea: a three-year report. Clin Chim Acta 2005; 354:167-80. [PMID: 15748614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccn.2004.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2004] [Revised: 11/24/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mass screening using tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS) was initiated to determine if the incidence of metabolic disorder is sufficiently high to meet the criteria for newborn screening, and whether or not early medical intervention might be beneficial to the patients. METHODS Newborns and children in a high-risk group were screened using MS/MS from April 2001 to March 2004. Blood spots of newborns were collected between 48 and 72 h after birth. The dried blood spots was extracted with 150 microl of methanol, and analyzed by MS/MS. RESULTS From April 2001 to March 2004, 79,179 newborns were screened for organic, amino and fatty acid metabolism disorders, which account for approximately 5.4% of annual births in South Korea. Twenty-eight newborns were diagnosed with one of the metabolic disorders and the collective estimated prevalence amounted to 1 in 2800 with a sensitivity of 97.67%, a specificity of 99.28%, a recall rate of 0.05%, and a positive predictive value of 6.38%. 6795 infants/children at high risk were screened and 20 were confirmed to have metabolic disorders. CONCLUSION The collective total prevalence of 1:2800 in newborns indicates an underestimation of the incidence of metabolic disorders prior to implementing MS/MS screening in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Yoon
- Department of Biochemical Genetics, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Seoul Medical Science Institute, 7-14 Dongbinggo-dong Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 140-809, Republic of Korea.
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Villas-Bôas SG, Mas S, Akesson M, Smedsgaard J, Nielsen J. Mass spectrometry in metabolome analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2005; 24:613-46. [PMID: 15389842 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the post-genomic era, increasing efforts have been made to describe the relationship between the genome and the phenotype in cells and organisms. It has become clear that even a complete understanding of the state of the genes, messages, and proteins in a living system does not reveal its phenotype. Therefore, researchers have started to study the metabolome (or the metabolic complement of functional genomics). Within this context, mass spectrometry (MS) has increasingly occupied a central position in the methodologies developed for determination of the metabolic state. This review is mainly focused on the status of MS in the metabolome field, trying to direct the reader to the main approaches for analysis of metabolites, reviewing basic methodologies in sample preparation, and the most recent MS techniques introduced. Apart from the description of the different methods, this review will try to state a general comparison between the several different techniques that involve MS and metabolite analysis, and will highlight their limitations and preferred applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas G Villas-Bôas
- Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Building 223, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Koh HL, Lau AJ, Chan ECY. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of underivatized dencichine (beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid) in Panax medicinal plant species. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:1237-1244. [PMID: 15838924 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dencichine (beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha,beta-diaminopropionic acid) is a haemostatic agent present in important Chinese medicinal herbs such as Panax notoginseng, as well as other Panax species. It is also a reported neurotoxic agent found in Lathyrus sativus (grass pea seed). A selective analytical method incorporating hydrophilic interaction chromatography with positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC/ESI-MS/MS), for the analysis of dencichine in Panax plant species, was developed. Using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, underivatized dencichine, a small and highly polar compound, was selectively detected and quantified. The contents of dencichine in raw and steamed Panax notoginseng roots, 11 pairs of raw and steamed P. notoginseng herbal products, Panax ginseng roots, and Panax quinquefolium roots, were analyzed and compared. Optimal sensitivity of 0.3 ppm (detection limit) and 1.5 ppm (quantification limit) was achieved. The method was rapid (< or =5 min), with the HILIC peak eluting at about 1 min. Steamed P. notoginseng samples were found to contain less dencichine than the corresponding raw samples, and there were also differences among the three Panax species; raw P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium contained less dencichine than the raw P. notoginseng species. This rapid and specific method may be applied to the quantification of dencichine in complex medicinal plants and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee-Ling Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore.
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Lioe H, O'Hair RAJ, Reid GE. Gas-phase reactions of protonated tryptophan. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2004; 15:65-76. [PMID: 14698557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2003.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The gas phase reactions of protonated tryptophan have been examined in a quadrupole ion trap using a combination of collision induced dissociation, hydrogen-deuterium exchange, regiospecific deuterium labeling and molecular orbital calculations (at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory). The loss of ammonia from protonated tryptophan is observed as the primary fragmentation pathway, with concomitant formation of a [M + H - NH(3)](+) ion by nucleophilic attack from the C3 position of the indole side chain. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange and regiospecific deuterium labeling reveals that scrambling of protons in the C2 and C4 positions of the indole ring, via intramolecular proton transfer from the thermodynamically preferred site of protonation at the amino nitrogen, precedes ammonia loss. Molecular orbital calculations have been employed to demonstrate that the activation barriers to intramolecular proton transfer are lower than that for NH(3) loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Lioe
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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