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Agrawal G, Sanyal P. Discerning animal-sourced food in diet using isotope analysis of human scalp hair and fingernails. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:409-423. [PMID: 38006443 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diet-related diseases are advancing as the leading cause of death globally. As self-reporting of diet by patients can be associated with errors, stable isotopes of human tissues can be used to diagnose diseases, understand physiology, and detect change in diet. This study investigates the effect of type and amount of food on the nitrogen and carbon concentration (Nconc and Cconc) and isotopic composition (δ15N and δ13C) in human scalp hair and fingernails. METHODS A total of 100 residents participated in the study whereas only 74 individuals provided complete diet history. Sixty-six food items majorly available to them were also collected. The Nconc, Cconc, δ15N and δ13C values of human hair, nails and food items were determined. RESULTS The Nconc, Cconc, δ15N and δ13C values between plant-sourced and animal-sourced food items, as well as human hair and nail tissue were significantly different (p < 0.05). The δ15N value of human tissues was distinct between lacto-vegetarians and omnivores by 0.9‰. The δ15N and δ13C values of human tissues increased by 0.4-0.5‰ with every 5% increase in the consumption of animal protein. CONCLUSIONS The study helps to demarcate lacto-vegetarians from omnivores, and estimate the percentage of animal protein in diet based on the dual isotope values of human tissues. It also acts as a reference to determine isotopic composition of hair tissue provided the isotope value of nail tissue is known and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Agrawal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Prasanta Sanyal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India
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O'Donoghue R, Walker D, Beaumont J. Children of the abyss: Investigating the association between isotopic physiological stress and skeletal pathology in London during the Industrial Revolution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 35:61-80. [PMID: 34715484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This project sought to investigate whether an association may be observed between isotopic stress indicators and skeletal evidence of pathological conditions. MATERIALS Deciduous and permanent teeth of 15 non-adults from two contemporaneous mid-19th century London burial grounds (City Bunhill, Lukin Street). METHODS δ13C and δ15N was measured in the incrementally sectioned dentine collagen. Isotopic profiles for each individual included death during tooth development. RESULTS Individuals with skeletal evidence of chronic pathological conditions (e.g., rickets, tuberculosis) exhibited raised δ15N values of 0.5-1.7‰ in the months prior to death. Isotopic change consistent with chronic physiological stress prior to death was also recorded in two individuals with no skeletal evidence of disease. An offset was observed between co-forming bone and dentine δ15N values in both populations, indicating that bone and dentine are not recording the same isotopic changes. CONCLUSIONS Isotopic change consistent with chronic physiological stress was observed in both those with and without skeletal evidence of disease, suggesting that adaptation to chronic stress in childhood was not uncommon within these 19th century London populations. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic physiological stress prior to death may be seen in the incrementally sampled dentine of non-adults who die during tooth formation. LIMITATIONS The temporal resolution of current dentine micro-sampling methods may mask or minimise visibility of shorter-term periods of stress or dietary change. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Future research should further explore the relationship between specific skeletal pathologies and isotopic evidence for stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth O'Donoghue
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
| | - Don Walker
- Museum of London Archaeology, Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London, N1 7ED, UK
| | - Julia Beaumont
- School of Archaeological and Forensic Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
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Stable Isotope Abundance and Fractionation in Human Diseases. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060370. [PMID: 34207741 PMCID: PMC8228638 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural abundance of heavy stable isotopes (13C, 15N, 18O, etc.) is now of considerable importance in many research fields, including human physiology. In fact, it varies between tissues and metabolites due to isotope effects in biological processes, that is, isotope discriminations between heavy and light isotopic forms during enzyme or transporter activity. The metabolic deregulation associated with many diseases leads to alterations in metabolic fluxes, resulting in changes in isotope abundance that can be identified easily with current isotope ratio technologies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on changes in natural isotope composition in samples (including various tissues, hair, plasma, saliva) found in patients compared to controls, caused by human diseases. We discuss the metabolic origin of such isotope fractionations and highlight the potential of using isotopes at natural abundance for medical diagnosis and/or prognostic.
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De Luca A, Küster A, Tea I, Darmaun D, Rozé JC, Robins R, Hankard R. Plasma amino acid pools in the umbilical cord artery show lower 15N natural isotope abundance relative to the maternal venous pools. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:3-10. [PMID: 32972258 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1817914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
15N natural isotope abundance (NIA) is systematically higher in infants' hair than in that of their mothers at birth. This study aimed to investigate this difference in plasma pools. We compared 15N NIA values for plasma amino acid (AA) pools (free + protein-bound) in the umbilical cord artery (UCA) and vein (UCV) and in the maternal vein (MV) at birth. This preliminary study included 7 mother-infant dyads. Whole plasma was treated (HCl) to hydrolyze protein. Following derivatization, AAs were separated using gas chromatography and compound-specific 15N NIA values were measured on-line using an isotope ratio monitoring mass spectrometer. 15N NIA plasma AA pools in the UCA and UCV were highly correlated to the MV, r 2 > 0.89 and r 2 > 0.88 (both P < 10-4) respectively. The full model found a significant effect of sampling compartment (P = 0.02) and AA type (P < 0.0001) on 15N NIA plasma AA values. 15N NIA plasma AA was 0.74 ‰ higher (P = 0.01) in the MV than in the UCA. This study indicates that a decrease in 15N NIA for plasma AA pools occurs in the fetal-placental unit. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00607061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud De Luca
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
- Nutrition Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours, France
| | - Alice Küster
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units, University Hospital Centre, Nantes, France
- INRAE UMR PhAN, University of Nantes, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Illa Tea
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | | | - Jean-Christophe Rozé
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Units, University Hospital Centre, Nantes, France
- INRAE UMR PhAN, University of Nantes, CRNH-Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Robins
- University of Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- Inserm UMR 1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
- Nutrition Unit, Regional University Hospital Centre, Tours, France
- University F Rabelais, Tours, France
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Deglaire A, Moughan PJ, Airinei G, Benamouzig R, Tomé D. Intact and hydrolyzed casein lead to similar ileal endogenous protein and amino acid flows in adult humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:90-97. [PMID: 31711108 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous amino acids (AAs) contribute to terminal ileal digesta and must be corrected for in determining coefficients of true ileal digestibility. Such estimates are also needed for the factorial calculation of AA requirements. OBJECTIVE The effect of the form of delivery of dietary AAs on endogenous nitrogen and AA flows at the end of the ileum was studied. METHODS Isotopically labeled 15N-casein (33-34 g), in either a hydrolyzed (HC) or intact (C) form, was included as the sole source of nitrogen in a mixed meal (320 mmol N) consumed by healthy adult humans equipped with a triple-lumen sampling tube in the small intestine. Ileal endogenous AA flows were determined by isotope dilution. An additional meal (A) containing a free AA mixture (306 mmol N) simulating the AA composition of casein was included. Serine was omitted from the AA mixture to allow direct determination of its ileal endogenous flow. RESULTS Endogenous N and AA flows did not differ (P > 0.05) for diets C and HC, with mean respective N flows of 728 and 617 mg/8 h (± pooled SD: 144 mg/8 h). Endogenous serine flow was similar (P > 0.05) for diets C, HC, and A [181, 169, and 191 mg/8 h (± 56 mg/8 h)]. Recycling of the 15N marker was determined to be ∼11%, suggesting that the 15N endogenous loss values could underestimate endogenous protein and AA losses by ∼6% (the proportion of recycled 15N divided by the sum of endogenous N and recycled 15N). CONCLUSIONS The 3 different forms of dietary AA delivery (free AAs, HC, or C) elicited similar ileal endogenous AA flows in the adult human.This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00873951.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Deglaire
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,University Paris Saclay, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Paris, France
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gheorghe Airinei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Avicenne Hospital, AP HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Robert Benamouzig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Avicenne Hospital, AP HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- University Paris Saclay, UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Paris, France
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De Luca A, Bernardo K, Frasquet-Darrieux M, Christin P, Schiphorst AM, Grand M, Ingrand P, Robins RJ, Hankard R. Maternal obesity does not influence human milk protein 15N natural isotope abundance. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2019; 55:385-393. [PMID: 31132878 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2019.1620229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity increases protein metabolism with a potential effect on nitrogen isotope fractionation. The aim of this study was to test the influence of obesity on human milk extracted protein 15N natural isotope abundance (NIA) at one month post-partum and to compare human milk extracted protein 15N NIA and bulk infant hair 15N NIA. This cross-sectional observational study involved 16 obese mothers (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg m-2 before pregnancy) matched with 16 normal-weight mothers (18.5 kg m-2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg m-2) for age and pregnancy characteristics. Human milk extracted protein and bulk infant hair 15N NIA were determined by isotope ratio monitoring by mass spectrometry interfaced to an elemental analyser (IRM-EA/MS). No significant difference was found in human milk protein 15N NIA values between obese and normal-weight mothers (8.93 ± 0.48 ‰ vs. 8.95 ± 0.27 ‰). However, human milk protein 15N NIA was significantly lower than bulk infant hair 15N NIA: 8.94 ± 0.38 ‰ vs. 9.66 ± 0.69 ‰, respectively. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that human milk protein 15N NIA measured at one month post-partum is not influenced by maternal obesity. These findings suggest that 15N NIA may be exploited to study metabolism without considering maternal obesity as a confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud De Luca
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
| | - Karine Bernardo
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
| | | | - Patricia Christin
- c Pediatrics and Child Nutrition, University Hospital , Poitiers , France
- d Maternity Ward, General Hospital , Chatellerault , France
| | - Anne-Marie Schiphorst
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Pierre Ingrand
- f Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) CIC 1402 , Poitiers , France
- g Institute of Public Health, Poitiers University , Poitiers , France
| | - Richard J Robins
- e Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230 , Nantes , France
| | - Regis Hankard
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR 1069 , Tours , France
- b Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Tours , Tours , France
- h Faculty of Medicine, F Rabelais University , Tours , France
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Salesse K, Kaupová S, Brůžek J, Kuželka V, Velemínský P. An isotopic case study of individuals with syphilis from the pathological-anatomical reference collection of the national museum in Prague (Czech Republic, 19th century A.D.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 25:46-55. [PMID: 31051405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aims at investigating the possible existence of isotopic offsets in δ13Ccol and δ15Ncol values in relation to tertiary syphilis. MATERIAL Based on materials from the 19th c. A.D. deriving from the pathological-anatomical reference collection (the Jedlička collection) of the National Museum in Prague (Czech Republic), a comparative approach of ten individuals with syphilis and nine without the disease was undertaken. METHODS Bone powder samples were defatted according to the protocol of Liden et al. (1995). Bone collagen was extracted following the protocol of Bocherens et al. (1991). RESULTS Our results show that individuals with syphilis have lower δ13Ccol values than individuals without the disease; the observed difference between the two groups is about 0.3-0.4‰, which is relatively small but still meaningful. However, no difference between δ15Ncol values of the two groups has been noticed. CONCLUSIONS Either diets prescribed by physicians to syphilitic patients or nutritional stress caused by cyclic appetite disturbance due to the disease itself or the administered medical treatment appeared to be possible explanations of the observed isotopic pattern. Overall, the response of the two isotopic proxies could argue for relatively limited nutritional restrictions. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study examining bone collagen isotopic response to syphilis based on clinically documented human skeletal materials. LIMITATIONS The sample sizes are relatively small and cautiousness must be taken regarding the interpretations of the data. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Compound-specific stable isotope investigations and analysis of mercury content could be helpful to better understand the observed isotopic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Salesse
- Research Unit of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP192, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; UMR 5199: "PACEA, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie", Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, allée Geoff ;roy Saint Hilaire, CS50023, 33615, Pessac cedex, France.
| | - Sylva Kaupová
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Václavské námĕstí 68, 11579, Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Brůžek
- UMR 5199: "PACEA, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie", Université de Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, allée Geoff ;roy Saint Hilaire, CS50023, 33615, Pessac cedex, France; Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 12844, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Kuželka
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Václavské námĕstí 68, 11579, Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Velemínský
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Václavské námĕstí 68, 11579, Praha 1, Czech Republic
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Wang L, Chen M, He P, Yu H, Block KA, Xie Z. Composition and spatial distribution of elements and isotopes of a giant human bladder stone and environmental implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:835-846. [PMID: 30308858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The composition and spatial distribution of minerals, trace elements, as well as carbon and nitrogen isotopes from the outer crust to inner nucleus of a 20-year old giant human bladder stone comprising thirteen layers were intensively investigated. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) was found to concentrate in the inner and middle layers, struvite was concentrated in middle and outer layers, and fluorapatite occurred in almost all layers. The spatial distribution of minerals has the potential to provide preliminary knowledge regarding the long-term urine composition, or even the physiological condition of the patient. The stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) and stable nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) were measured in each layer and significant correlation was found between δ13C with calcium oxalate monohydrate content and between δ15N and struvite content. Nearly constant values of -23.2‰ and 7.1‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively, were found in the organic components of the stone. Both isotope ratios indicate a long-term fixed diet consisting mainly of C3 plants, such as rice and wheat, for the 20-year time period of the stone formation. In addition, eighteen elements (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Al, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Sr, Ba, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Mn and Co) were measured in all the layers. The trace elements Al, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr, Ba and Ti showed a similar spatial distribution pattern from the outer crust to the inner core. Although there were complex correlations between elements and minerals, Factor Analysis suggests that the occurrence of these elements in stones may be mainly the result of environmental exposure to metals during the formation of the stone, indicating that urinary stones may serve as potential long-term biomonitors. In particular, Ni and Cr showed a distinct distribution pattern in the stone, which may relate to human metabolic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longquan Wang
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Urology, the 105(th) Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Pengzhen He
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Haiyun Yu
- Department of Urology, the 105(th) Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Karin A Block
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, City College of New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Zhouqing Xie
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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Deglaire A, Moughan PJ, Tomé D. A Casein Hydrolysate Does Not Enhance Ileal Endogenous Protein Flows Compared With the Parent Intact Casein When Fed to Growing Pigs. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzy083. [PMID: 30740585 PMCID: PMC6362323 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The form of dietary nitrogen (free peptides or intact proteins) may influence the amount of endogenous amino acids found at the terminal ileum of the pig, and it has been speculated that hydrolyzed dietary protein may lead to increased endogenous amino acids. OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of dietary free peptides on ileal endogenous nitrogen and amino acid flows [ileal endogenous nitrogen flow (ENFL), ileal endogenous amino acid flow (EAAFL)] with that of peptides released naturally from dietary protein during digestion, from the same intact parent protein source. METHODS Six pigs (mean body weight: 34 kg) were equipped with a postvalve T-caecum cannula. Semisynthetic test diets contained the same 15N-labeled intact casein (C) or hydrolyzed casein (HC). Pigs received the test diets every sixth day and the corresponding unlabeled diets in the intervening 5-d periods. Digesta were pooled from 4 to 10 h postprandially. EAAFL and ENFL, calculated with reference to the dietary marker titanium dioxide, were determined by isotope dilution for C and HC. RESULTS Ileal EAAFL and ENFL (mean flows n = 5 of 1828 and 1912 μg/g of dry matter intake for diets HC and C, respectively) did not differ (P > 0.05) between pigs fed HC and C. Centrifugation and ultrafiltration of the HC digesta allowed an estimation of label recycling into gut endogenous proteins. Some 20% of ileal endogenous protein (diet HC, ultrafiltered digesta) was 15N-labeled due to tracer recycling. CONCLUSIONS The administration of a casein hydrolysate had no effect on ileal endogenous protein flows compared with C. There was no evidence of enhanced ileal endogenous protein losses with the HC diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Deglaire
- STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Szczepanek A, Belka Z, Jarosz P, Pospieszny Ł, Dopieralska J, Frei KM, Rauba-Bukowska A, Werens K, Górski J, Hozer M, Mazurek M, Włodarczak P. Understanding Final Neolithic communities in south-eastern Poland: New insights on diet and mobility from isotopic data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207748. [PMID: 30566432 PMCID: PMC6300194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first comprehensive multi-isotopic data on human and animal remains from the Final Neolithic Corded Ware culture (ca. 2900–2300 cal. BC) in south-eastern Poland. The study focused on communities of two settlement areas located in the Małopolska Upland and in the Subcarpathian region. Carbon and nitrogen isotopes of bone collagen were investigated to obtain insights into human dietary preferences, whereas the strontium isotope composition of human tooth enamel was used to trace the mobility and provenance of individuals. Sr isotope data point to a non-local origin of at least one-quarter of the investigated individuals in the Subcarpathian region, consistent with associated allochthonous grave inventories of eastern or western origins. In contrast, all investigated individuals in the Małopolska Upland were of local origin. Furthermore, our study shows an example that the use of fauna for the assessment of the local 87Sr/86Sr range of an archaeological site can lead to incorrect conclusions and suggests that a detailed Sr isotopic survey of the geological background and its hydrologic elements is necessary to provide conclusive constraints for the identification of local and non-local individuals in prehistoric communities. Carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of bone collagen indicate an omnivorous diet that included C3-based terrestrial plant and animal resources, in which plant food dominated. In both regions, there were no significant sex differences in dietary intakes. Higher δ15Ncoll values of younger infants presumably reflect the effect of weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Szczepanek
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Zdzislaw Belka
- Isotope Laboratory, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Jarosz
- Institute of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pospieszny
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Anna Rauba-Bukowska
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Werens
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jacek Górski
- Department of History and Cultural Heritage, University of Pope Jan Paweł II, Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Hozer
- Institute of Archaeology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Mirosław Mazurek
- Institute of Archaeology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Piotr Włodarczak
- Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
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Bernardo K, Jousse C, Fafournoux P, Schiphorst AM, Grand M, Robins RJ, Hankard R, De Luca A. Protein restricted diet during gestation and/or lactation in mice affects 15N natural isotopic abundance of organs in the offspring: Effect of diet 15N content and growth. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205271. [PMID: 30304003 PMCID: PMC6179277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND STUDY This study aimed at measuring the effect in normal to restricted protein diets with specific 15N natural isotopic abundance (NIA) given during gestation and/or lactation on the 15N NIA of fur, liver and muscle in dams and their offspring from birth to adulthood. The secondary aim was to study the effect of growth on the same parameters. METHODS Female Balb/c mice were fed normal protein diet containing 22% protein or isocaloric low protein diet containing 10% protein throughout gestation. Dam's diets were either maintained or switched to the other diet until weaning at 30 days. All animals were fed standard chow thereafter. Offspring were sacrificed at 1, 11, 30, 60, 480 days and a group of dams at d1. Growth was modeled as an exponential function on the group followed up until 480 days. Fur, liver and muscle were sampled at sacrifice and analyzed for bulk 15N NIA. Fixed effects and interactions between fixed effects and random elements were tested by three-way ANOVA. RESULTS Higher 15N NIA in the diet resulted in higher organ 15N NIA. Switching from one diet to another changed 15N NIA in each organ. Although dam and offspring shared the same isotopic environment during gestation, 15N NIA at day 1 was higher in dams. Growth rate did not differ between groups after 10 days and decreased between 1 and 5 months. 15N NIA differed between organs and was affected by growth and gestation/lactation. CONCLUSION Dietary 15N NIA is a major determinant of the 15N NIA of organs. 15N NIA depended on organ and age (i.e. growth) suggesting an effect of metabolism and/or dilution space. Post-natal normal-protein diet of lactating dams could reverse the effect of a protein-restricted diet during gestation on the offspring growth. Measuring 15N NIA in various matrices may open a field of application particularly useful in studying the pre- and post-natal origins of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Bernardo
- Inserm UMR 1069, Tours, France
- University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
- F Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Céline Jousse
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Fafournoux
- Clermont Auvergne University, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schiphorst
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Mathilde Grand
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Richard J. Robins
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, CNRS-University of Nantes, UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Hankard
- Inserm UMR 1069, Tours, France
- University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
- F Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- Inserm UMR 1069, Tours, France
- University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Early changes in tissue amino acid metabolism and nutrient routing in rats fed a high-fat diet: evidence from natural isotope abundances of nitrogen and carbon in tissue proteins. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:981-991. [PMID: 29502540 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance affect protein and amino acid (AA) metabolism in tissues. The natural relative abundances of the heavy stable isotopes of C (δ 13C) and N (δ 15N) in tissue proteins offer novel and promising biomarkers of AA metabolism. They, respectively, reflect the use of dietary macronutrients for tissue AA synthesis and the relative metabolic use of tissue AA for oxidation v. protein synthesis. In this study, δ 13C and δ 15N were measured in the proteins of various tissues in young adult rats exposed perinatally and/or fed after weaning with a normal- or a high-fat (HF) diet, the aim being to characterise HF-induced tissue-specific changes in AA metabolism. HF feeding was shown to increase the routing of dietary fat to all tissue proteins via non-indispensable AA synthesis, but did not affect AA allocation between catabolic and anabolic processes in most tissues. However, the proportion of AA directed towards oxidation rather than protein synthesis was increased in the small intestine and decreased in the tibialis anterior muscle and adipose tissue. In adipose tissue, the AA reallocation was observed in the case of perinatal or post-weaning exposure to HF, whereas in the small intestine and tibialis anterior muscle the AA reallocation was only observed after HF exposure that covered both the perinatal and post-weaning periods. In conclusion, HF exposure induced an early reorganisation of AA metabolism involving tissue-specific effects, and in particular a decrease in the relative allocation of AA to oxidation in several peripheral tissues.
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13
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Pinzone M, Acquarone M, Huyghebaert L, Sturaro N, Michel LN, Siebert U, Das K. Carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotopic fractionation in captive juvenile hooded seal (Cystophora cristata): Application for diet analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1720-1728. [PMID: 28809062 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Intrinsic biogeochemical markers, such as stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, are increasingly used to trace the trophic ecology of marine top predators. However, insufficient knowledge of fractionation processes in tissues continues to hamper the use of these markers. METHODS We performed a controlled feeding experiment with eight juvenile hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) that were held on a herring-based diet (Clupea harengus) for two years. Stable isotope ratios were measured via isotope ratio mass spectrometry in three of their tissues and related to values of these markers in their diet. RESULTS Diet-tissue isotope enrichment (trophic enrichment factor, TEF) values between dietary herring and seal tissues for carbon (Δ13 C) were +0.7 ‰ for red blood cells, +1.9 ‰ for hair and +1.1 ‰ for muscle. The TEFs for nitrogen trophic (Δ15 N) were +3.3 ‰ for red blood cells, +3.6 ‰ for hair and +4.3 ‰ for muscle. For sulphur, the Δ34 S values were +1.1 ‰ for red blood cells, +1.0 ‰ for hair and +0.9 ‰ for muscle. CONCLUSIONS These enrichment values were greater than those previously measured in adult seals. This increase may be related to the higher rate of protein synthesis and catabolism in growing animals. This study is the first report on sulphur isotope enrichment values for a marine mammal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Pinzone
- Laboratory of Oceanology - MARE Centre, University of Liege, Allée du 6 Août 11, b6c, Liege, Belgium
| | - Mario Acquarone
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Muninbakken 21, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Loreen Huyghebaert
- Laboratory of Oceanology - MARE Centre, University of Liege, Allée du 6 Août 11, b6c, Liege, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Sturaro
- Laboratory of Oceanology - MARE Centre, University of Liege, Allée du 6 Août 11, b6c, Liege, Belgium
- Functional Reef Ecology Lab, Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Loïc N Michel
- Laboratory of Oceanology - MARE Centre, University of Liege, Allée du 6 Août 11, b6c, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ursula Siebert
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Krishna Das
- Laboratory of Oceanology - MARE Centre, University of Liege, Allée du 6 Août 11, b6c, Liege, Belgium
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14
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Tea I, Tcherkez G. Natural Isotope Abundance in Metabolites: Techniques and Kinetic Isotope Effect Measurement in Plant, Animal, and Human Tissues. Methods Enzymol 2017; 596:113-147. [PMID: 28911768 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The natural isotope abundance in bulk organic matter or tissues is not a sufficient base to investigate physiological properties, biosynthetic mechanisms, and nutrition sources of biological systems. In fact, isotope effects in metabolism lead to a heterogeneous distribution of 2H, 18O, 13C, and 15N isotopes in metabolites. Therefore, compound-specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) is crucial to biological and medical applications of stable isotopes. Here, we review methods to implement CSIA for 15N and 13C from plant, animal, and human samples and discuss technical solutions that have been used for the conversion to CO2 and N2 for IRMS analysis, derivatization and isotope effect measurements. It appears that despite the flexibility of instruments used for CSIA, there is no universal method simply because the chemical nature of metabolites of interest varies considerably. Also, CSIA methods are often limited by isotope effects in sample preparation or the addition of atoms from the derivatizing reagents, and this implies that corrections must be made to calculate a proper δ-value. Therefore, CSIA has an enormous potential for biomedical applications, but its utilization requires precautions for its successful application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illa Tea
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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15
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Hülsemann F, Koehler K, Wittsiepe J, Wilhelm M, Hilbig A, Kersting M, Braun H, Flenker U, Schänzer W. Prediction of human dietary δ 15N intake from standardised food records: validity and precision of single meal and 24-h diet data. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2017; 53:356-367. [PMID: 28292192 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2017.1302447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural stable isotope ratios (δ15N) of humans can be used for nutritional analyses and dietary reconstruction of modern and historic individuals and populations. Information about an individual's metabolic state can be obtained by comparison of tissue and dietary δ15N. Different methods have been used to estimate dietary δ15N in the past; however, the validity of such predictions has not been compared to experimental values. For a total of 56 meals and 21 samples of 24-h diets, predicted and experimental δ15N values were compared. The δ15N values were predicted from self-recorded food intake and compared with experimental δ15N values. Predicted and experimental δ15N values were in good agreement for meals and preparations (r = 0.89, p < .001) as well as for the 24-h diets (r = 0.76, p < .001). Dietary δ15N was mainly determined by the amount of fish, whereas the contribution of meat to dietary δ15N values was less pronounced. Prediction of human dietary δ15N values using standardised food records and representative δ15N data sets yields reliable data for dietary δ15N intake. A differentiated analysis of the primary protein sources is necessary when relating the proportion of animal-derived protein in the diet by δ15N analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hülsemann
- a Institute of Biochemistry , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Karsten Koehler
- b Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Jürgen Wittsiepe
- c Department of Hygiene , Social and Environmental Medicine Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- c Department of Hygiene , Social and Environmental Medicine Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Annett Hilbig
- d Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE) , University of Bonn , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- d Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE) , University of Bonn , Dortmund , Germany
| | - Hans Braun
- e German Research Centre of Elite Sports , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- a Institute of Biochemistry , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- a Institute of Biochemistry , German Sport University Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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16
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Endo T, Ogasawara H, Hayasaka M, Hotta Y, Kimura O, Petzke KJ. Correlations between mercury concentration, and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen of amino acids in scalp hair from whale meat eaters and heavy fish eaters. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:745-752. [PMID: 28225553 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE As mercury (Hg) accumulation in marine animals generally increases with increased trophic level (δ15 N values) through the food web, predators accumulate higher levels of Hg. The main source of human Hg intake is the consumption of fish and other marine animals, and Hg concentration in scalp hair is the preferred marker for evaluating consumption of marine animals. Difference in δ15 N values between trophic and source amino acids of human consumers could enable us to estimate the trophic level of the consumer without knowing the bulk δ15 N value of their prey. METHODS We measured the δ15 N values of 15 amino acids in scalp hair from heavy fish eaters and whale meat eaters using isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (irm-GC/MS), and investigated the correlations between Hg concentrations in the hair and the δ15 N values of the individual constituent amino acids. RESULTS The δ15 N values for all trophic amino acids (Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Asx and Glx) increased with increases in Hg concentration (p < 0.01), with the highest correlation being with Glx (R2 = 0.725). In contrast, the δ15 N value for Thr decreased with increases in Hg concentration (R2 = 0.663, p < 0.01). The difference in δ15 N values between Glx and Thr was positively correlated with Hg concentration, showing the highest correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.773, p < 0.01) among the various combinations for amino acids. CONCLUSIONS The difference in δ15 N values between Glx and Thr appears to be the best proxy for the estimation of Hg concentration in scalp hair. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogasawara
- Sapporo Minami-Seishu Hospital, 1-2-20, Satozuka, Kiyota-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 004-0501, Japan
| | - Moriaki Hayasaka
- Sapporo Higashi-Tokushukai Hospital, N33-E14, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 065-0033, Japan
| | - Yohei Hotta
- Hokusei Hospital, W3-2-10-1, Shinkawa, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0933, Japan
| | - Osamu Kimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Klaus J Petzke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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17
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Fuller BT, Petzke KJ. The dietary protein paradox and threonine 15 N-depletion: Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate enzyme activity as a mechanism for the δ 15 N trophic level effect. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:705-718. [PMID: 28181729 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15 N values) are used to reconstruct dietary patterns, but the biochemical mechanism(s) responsible for the diet to tissue trophic level effect and its variability are not fully understood. Here δ15 N amino acid (AA) values and physiological measurements (nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates) are used to investigate increased dietary protein consumption and oxidative stress (vitamin E deficiency) in rat total plasma protein. METHODS Using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry, the δ15 N values from N-pivaloyl-i-propyl esters of 15 AAs are reported for rats (n = 40) fed casein-based diets with: adequate protein (AP, 13.8%; n = 10), medium protein (MP, 25.7%; n = 10), high protein (HP, 51.3%; n = 10) or HP without vitamin E (HP-E; n = 10) for 18 weeks. RESULTS Between the HP and AP groups, the δ15 NAA values of threonine (-4.0‰), serine (+1.4‰) and glycine (+1.2‰) display the largest differences and show significant correlations with: nitrogen intake, plasma albumin concentrations, liver-reduced glutathione concentrations and leucine oxidation rates. This indicates increased AA catabolism by the dietary induction of shared common metabolic pathways involving the enzymes threonine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.19), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) and the glycine cleavage system (EC 2.1.2.10). The δ15 NAA values of the HP-E and HP groups were not found to be significantly different. CONCLUSIONS The 15 N-depleted results of threonine are linked to increased activity of threonine ammonia-lyase, and show potential as a possible biomarker for protein intake and/or gluconeogenesis. We hypothesize that the inverse nitrogen equilibrium isotope effects of Schiff base formation, between AAs and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate cofactor enzymes, play a key role in the bioaccumulation and depletion of 15 N in the biomolecules of living organisms and contributes to the variability in the nitrogen trophic level effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Fuller
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Klaus J Petzke
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition in Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558, Nuthetal, Germany
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18
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Baković M, Vreča P, Mayer D. Case of Fatal Starvation: Can Stable Isotope Analysis Serve to Support Morphological Diagnosis and Approximate the Length of Starvation? J Forensic Sci 2017; 62:258-264. [PMID: 27861910 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of death as a result of starvation is established on anthropological measurements, visual appearance of the deceased on external and internal examination, microscopic analysis, laboratory testing, and exclusion of other causes of death. Herein, we present our findings on a case of 95-year-old man who died of starvation. After the diagnosis of starvation was established by traditional forensic medicine methods, we have conducted retrospective segmental analysis of stable carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) isotope ratios in hair sample. This method reveals periods of starvation through decrease in δ13 C and increase in δ15 N along the strand of hair. Our analysis revealed the decrease of 0.6 ‰ in δ13 C during the last 10-12 weeks prior to death, similar as reported in other investigations. Also, a decrease of 0.7 ‰ in δ15 N during the last 8-10 weeks prior to death was determined that was different than observed in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baković
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 11, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia
| | - Polona Vreča
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Davor Mayer
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Criminalistics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 11, Zagreb, 10 000, Croatia
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19
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Hebert CE, Popp BN, Fernie KJ, Ka'apu-Lyons C, Rattner BA, Wallsgrove N. Amino Acid Specific Stable Nitrogen Isotope Values in Avian Tissues: Insights from Captive American Kestrels and Wild Herring Gulls. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12928-12937. [PMID: 27786442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Through laboratory and field studies, the utility of amino acid compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis (AA-CSIA) in avian studies is investigated. Captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were fed an isotopically characterized diet and patterns in δ15N values of amino acids (AAs) were compared to those in their tissues (muscle and red blood cells) and food. Based upon nitrogen isotope discrimination between diet and kestrel tissues, AAs could mostly be categorized as source AAs (retaining baseline δ15N values) and trophic AAs (showing 15N enrichment). Trophic discrimination factors based upon the source (phenylalanine, Phe) and trophic (glutamic acid, Glu) AAs were 4.1 (muscle) and 5.4 (red blood cells), lower than those reported for metazoan invertebrates. In a field study involving omnivorous herring gulls (Larus argentatus smithsonianus), egg AA isotopic patterns largely retained those observed in the laying female's tissues (muscle, red blood cells, and liver). Realistic estimates of gull trophic position were obtained using bird Glu and Phe δ15N values combined with β values (difference in Glu and Phe δ15N in primary producers) for aquatic and terrestrial food webs. Egg fatty acids were used to weight β values for proportions of aquatic and terrestrial food in gull diets. This novel approach can be applied to generalist species that feed across ecosystem boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Hebert
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, National Wildlife Research Centre , Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - B N Popp
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - K J Fernie
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Branch, Canada Centre for Inland Waters , Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada
| | - C Ka'apu-Lyons
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - B A Rattner
- United States Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center , Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - N Wallsgrove
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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20
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Hülsemann F, Lehn C, Schneider S, Jackson G, Hill S, Rossmann A, Scheid N, Dunn PJH, Flenker U, Schänzer W. Global spatial distributions of nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios of modern human hair. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:2111-2121. [PMID: 26467223 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Natural stable carbon (δ(13)C) and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ(15)N) of humans are related to individual dietary habits and environmental and physiological factors. In forensic science the stable isotope ratios of human remains such as hair and nail are used for geographical allocation. Thus, knowledge of the global spatial distribution of human δ(13)C and δ(15)N values is an essential component in the interpretation of stable isotope analytical results. METHODS No substantial global datasets of human stable isotope ratios are currently available, although the amount of available (published) data has increased within recent years. We have herein summarised the published data on human global δ(13)C andδ(15)N values (around 3600 samples) and added experimental values of more than 400 additional worldwide human hair and nail samples. In order to summarise isotope ratios for hair and nail samples correction factors were determined. RESULTS The current available dataset of human stable isotope ratios is biased towards Europe and North America with only limited data for countries in Africa, Central and South America and Southeast Asia. The global spatial distribution of carbon isotopes is related to latitude and supports the fact that human δ(13)C values are dominated by the amount of C4 plants in the diet, either due to direct ingestion as plant food, or by its use as animal feed. In contrast, the global spatial distribution of human δ(15)N values is apparently not exclusively related to the amount of fish or meat ingested, but also to environmental factors that influence agricultural production. CONCLUSIONS There are still a large proportion of countries, especially in Africa, where there are no available data for human carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios. Although the interpretation of modern human carbon isotope ratios at the global scale is quite possible, and correlates with the latitude, the potential influences of extrinsic and/or intrinsic factors on human nitrogen isotope ratios have to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hülsemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Christine Lehn
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Nußbaumstr. 26, 80336, München, Germany
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Forensic Science Institute, Federal Criminal Police Office, Unit Central Analytics II, Thaerstraße 11, 65193, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Glen Jackson
- Forensic and Investigative Science, C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, 308 Oglebay Hall, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6121, USA
| | - Sarah Hill
- LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK
| | - Andreas Rossmann
- isolab GmbH, Laboratorium für Stabile Isotope, Woelkestrasse 9/I, 85301, Schweitenkirchen, Germany
| | - Nicole Scheid
- Forensic Science Institute, Federal Criminal Police Office, Unit Central Analytics II, Thaerstraße 11, 65193, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Flenker
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Schänzer
- Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Köln, Germany
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21
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Reitsema LJ. Laboratory and field methods for stable isotope analysis in human biology. Am J Hum Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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22
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Abstract
Diet is a leading modifiable risk factor for chronic disease, but it remains difficult to measure accurately due to the error and bias inherent in self-reported methods of diet assessment. Consequently, there is a pressing need for more objective biomarkers of diet for use in health research. The stable isotope ratios of light elements are a promising set of candidate biomarkers because they vary naturally and reproducibly among foods, and those variations are captured in molecules and tissues with high fidelity. Recent studies have identified valid isotopic measures of short- and long-term sugar intake, meat intake, and fish intake in specific populations. These studies provide a strong foundation for validating stable isotopic biomarkers in the general US population. Approaches to improve specificity for specific foods are needed; for example, by modeling intake using multiple stable isotope ratios or by isolating and measuring specific molecules linked to foods of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-7000;
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Jackson GP, An Y, Konstantynova KI, Rashaid AH. Biometrics from the carbon isotope ratio analysis of amino acids in human hair. Sci Justice 2015; 55:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Provenancing of unidentified corpses by stable isotope techniques – presentation of case studies. Sci Justice 2015; 55:72-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Webb EC, White CD, Van Uum S, Longstaffe FJ. Integrating cortisol and isotopic analyses of archeological hair: Reconstructing individual experiences of health and stress. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2014; 156:577-94. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Webb
- Department of Anthropology; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Christine D. White
- Department of Anthropology; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Stan Van Uum
- Department of Medicine; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
| | - Fred J. Longstaffe
- Department of Earth Sciences; The University of Western Ontario; London ON Canada
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De Luca A, Laugier S, Tea I, Robins RJ, Saulnier PJ, Torremocha F, Piguel X, Maréchaud R, Hankard R, Hadjadj S. Impact on bulk 15N natural isotopic abundance in hair of kidney function in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnme.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Poupin N, Mariotti F, Huneau JF, Hermier D, Fouillet H. Natural isotopic signatures of variations in body nitrogen fluxes: a compartmental model analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003865. [PMID: 25275306 PMCID: PMC4183419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Body tissues are generally 15N-enriched over the diet, with a discrimination factor (Δ15N) that varies among tissues and individuals as a function of their nutritional and physiopathological condition. However, both 15N bioaccumulation and intra- and inter-individual Δ15N variations are still poorly understood, so that theoretical models are required to understand their underlying mechanisms. Using experimental Δ15N measurements in rats, we developed a multi-compartmental model that provides the first detailed representation of the complex functioning of the body's Δ15N system, by explicitly linking the sizes and Δ15N values of 21 nitrogen pools to the rates and isotope effects of 49 nitrogen metabolic fluxes. We have shown that (i) besides urea production, several metabolic pathways (e.g., protein synthesis, amino acid intracellular metabolism, urea recycling and intestinal absorption or secretion) are most probably associated with isotope fractionation and together contribute to 15N accumulation in tissues, (ii) the Δ15N of a tissue at steady-state is not affected by variations of its P turnover rate, but can vary according to the relative orientation of tissue free amino acids towards oxidation vs. protein synthesis, (iii) at the whole-body level, Δ15N variations result from variations in the body partitioning of nitrogen fluxes (e.g., urea production, urea recycling and amino acid exchanges), with or without changes in nitrogen balance, (iv) any deviation from the optimal amino acid intake, in terms of both quality and quantity, causes a global rise in tissue Δ15N, and (v) Δ15N variations differ between tissues depending on the metabolic changes involved, which can therefore be identified using simultaneous multi-tissue Δ15N measurements. This work provides proof of concept that Δ15N measurements constitute a new promising tool to investigate how metabolic fluxes are nutritionally or physiopathologically reorganized or altered. The existence of such natural and interpretable isotopic biomarkers promises interesting applications in nutrition and health. Body proteins ensure vital functions, and their constancy is maintained through the tight coordination of many nitrogen metabolic fluxes, but our understanding of how this flux system is regulated, and sometimes dysregulated, remains fragmentary and incomplete. Besides, body tissues are generally naturally enriched in the heavier stable nitrogen isotope (15N) over the diet: this 15N bioaccumulation (Δ15N) varies depending on tissues and metabolic orientations, likely as the result of isotope effects associated to some metabolic pathways. We used a novel approach, combining multi-tissue Δ15N measurements and their analysis using modeling, to understand how body Δ15N values relate to nitrogen fluxes. The multi-tissue model we have developed provides a clearer understanding of the metabolic processes that generate isotopic fractionation, and of how tissue Δ15N values are modulated in response to changes in the body distribution of specific nitrogen fluxes. We show that Δ15N values tend to rise when the amino acids intake does not optimally fit the metabolic demand, and that Δ15N values constitute natural and interpretable signatures of nutritionally-induced variations in nitrogen fluxes. This approach constitutes a new promising tool to investigate how nitrogen metabolism is nutritionally or physiopathologically reorganized or altered, and promises interesting applications in many areas (nutrition, pathology, ecology, paleontology, etc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Poupin
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - François Mariotti
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Huneau
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Hermier
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France; AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
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Reitsema LJ. Beyond diet reconstruction: stable isotope applications to human physiology, health, and nutrition. Am J Hum Biol 2013; 25:445-56. [PMID: 23784719 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from soft or mineralized tissues is a direct and widely-used technique for modeling diets. In addition to its continued role in paleodiet analysis, stable isotope analysis is now contributing to studies of physiology, disease, and nutrition in archaeological and living human populations. In humans and other animals, dietary uptake and distribution of carbon and nitrogen among mineralized and soft tissue is carried out with varying efficiency due to factors of internal biology. Human pathophysiologies may lead to pathology-influenced isotopic fractionation that can be exploited to understand not just skeletal health and diet, but physiological health and nutrition. This study reviews examples from human biology, non-human animal ecology, biomedicine, and bioarchaeology demonstrating how stable isotope analyses are usefully applied to the study of physiological adaptation and adaptability. Suggestions are made for future directions in applying stable isotope analysis to the study of nutritional stress, disease, and growth and development in living and past human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Romek KM, Julien M, Frasquet-Darrieux M, Tea I, Antheaume I, Hankard R, Robins RJ. Human baby hair amino acid natural abundance 15N-isotope values are not related to the 15N-isotope values of amino acids in mother’s breast milk protein. Amino Acids 2013; 45:1365-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Huelsemann F, Koehler K, Braun H, Schaenzer W, Flenker U. Human dietary δ15N intake: Representative data for principle food items. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2013; 152:58-66. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W. Schaenzer
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
| | - U. Flenker
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sport University Cologne; Germany
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Tea I, Le Guennec A, Frasquet-Darrieux M, Julien M, Romek K, Antheaume I, Hankard R, Robins RJ. Simultaneous determination of natural-abundance δ15N values and quantities of individual amino acids in proteins from milk of lactating women and from infant hair using gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1345-1353. [PMID: 23681812 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In isotope tracer experiments used in nutritional studies, it is frequently desirable both to determine the (15)N/(14)N ratios of target compounds and to quantify these compounds. This report shows how this can be achieved in a single chromatographic run for protein amino acids using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. METHODS Protein hydrolysis by acidic digestion was used to release amino acids, which were then derivatized as their N-pivaloyl-O-isopropyl esters. Suitable conditions for sample preparation were established for both hair and milk proteins. The N-pivaloyl-O-isopropyl esters of amino acids were separated by gas chromatography (GC) on a 60 m ZB-WAX column linked via a combustion interface to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The (15)N/(14)N ratios were obtained from the m/z 28, 29 and 30 peak intensities and the quantities from the Area All (Vs) integrated peak areas. RESULTS It is shown from a five-point calibration curve that both parameters can be measured reliably within the range of 1.0 to 2.0 mg/mL for the major amino acids derived from the hydrolysis of human maternal milk or hair samples. The method was validated in terms of inter-day and inter-user repeatability for both parameters for 14 amino acids. The amino acid percentage composition showed a good correlation with literature values. The method was applied to determine the variability in a population of lactating mothers and their infants. CONCLUSIONS It has been established that δ(15)N values can be simultaneously determined for a complex mixture of amino acids at variable concentrations. It is shown that the percentage composition obtained correlates well with that obtained by calculation from the protein composition or from literature values. This procedure should provide a significant saving in analysis time, especially in those cases where the GC run-time is necessarily long. It allows the satisfactory determination of the variation within a sample population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illa Tea
- Elucidation of Biosynthesis by Isotopic Spectrometry Group, CEISAM, LUNAM Université, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, F-44322 Nantes, France.
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Reitsema LJ. Beyond diet reconstruction: Stable isotope applications to human physiology, health, and nutrition. Am J Hum Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aajhb.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J. Reitsema
- Department of Anthropology; University of Georgia; Athens; Georgia; 30602
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein intake in fetal life or infancy may play a key role in determining early growth rate, a determinant of later health and disease. Previous work has indicated that hair isotopic composition is influenced by diet and protein intake. METHODS This study analyzes the isotopic composition of hair obtained from 239 mother/newborn pairs randomly selected within a larger cohort enrolled in a study of pre- and postnatal determinants of the child's development and health. The isotopic compositions in nitrogen (δ(15)N) and in carbon (δ(13)C) were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RESULTS Mother and newborn hair δ(15)N were tightly correlated (Pearson r = 0.88). The mean δ(15)N and δ(13)C values of hair from newborn infants were significantly higher than those for the mothers: 9.7 ± 0.7 vs. 8.8 ± 0.6‰ (P < 0.0001) for δ(15)N and -20.0 ± 0.4 vs. -20.4 ± 0.4‰ (P < 0.0001) for δ(13)C. Maternal hair δ(15)N at parturition was slightly and positively correlated with estimates of protein intake (r = 0.14, P = 0.04). DISCUSSION Hair δ(15)N of the fetus is both highly dependent on and systematically higher than that of the mother. Whether quantitative and qualitative protein intake, disease, or hormonal status alter hair δ(15)N at birth remains to be determined.
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Valenzuela LO, Chesson LA, Bowen GJ, Cerling TE, Ehleringer JR. Dietary heterogeneity among Western industrialized countries reflected in the stable isotope ratios of human hair. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34234. [PMID: 22479574 PMCID: PMC3316624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the globalization of food production is often assumed to result in a homogenization of consumption patterns with a convergence towards a Western style diet, the resources used to make global food products may still be locally produced (glocalization). Stable isotope ratios of human hair can quantify the extent to which residents of industrialized nations have converged on a standardized diet or whether there is persistent heterogeneity and glocalization among countries as a result of different dietary patterns and the use of local food products. Here we report isotopic differences among carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotope ratios of human hair collected in thirteen Western European countries and in the USA. European hair samples had significantly lower δ(13)C values (-22.7 to -18.3‰), and significantly higher δ(15)N (7.8 to 10.3‰) and δ(34)S (4.8 to 8.3‰) values than samples from the USA (δ(13)C: -21.9 to -15.0‰, δ(15)N: 6.7 to 9.9‰, δ(34)S: -1.2 to 9.9‰). Within Europe, we detected differences in hair δ(13)C and δ(34)S values among countries and covariation of isotope ratios with latitude and longitude. This geographic structuring of isotopic data suggests heterogeneity in the food resources used by citizens of industrialized nations and supports the presence of different dietary patterns within Western Europe despite globalization trends. Here we showed the potential of stable isotope analysis as a population-wide tool for dietary screening, particularly as a complement of dietary surveys, that can provide additional information on assimilated macronutrients and independent verification of data obtained by those self-reporting instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano O Valenzuela
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.
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Auerswald K, Rossmann A, Schäufele R, Schwertl M, Monahan FJ, Schnyder H. Does natural weathering change the stable isotope composition (²H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O and ³⁴S) of cattle hair? RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:3741-3748. [PMID: 22468330 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope analysis of hair has found applications in many fields of science because it provides a temporally resolved, fairly stable isotopic archive of mammalian individuals. We investigated whether this hair archive is modified by natural weathering while attached to a living animal. We analyzed the tail switch hairs of one suckler cow, sampled seven times over a period of four annual summer pasture-winter stall feeding cycles. We compared relative isotope ratios (δ²H, δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N, δ¹⁸O and δ³⁴S) of sections of hair that grew simultaneously but were exposed to natural weathering conditions over different periods of time. Natural wear caused a loss of mass of approx. 0.13% day⁻¹, with no apparent effect of environmental conditions. Changes in δ²H, δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O were below the detection limit, indicating that hair is a reliable archive for the isotopes of these elements. In contrast, δ³⁴S values increased during the grazing period by about 1‰, with exposure to UV radiation appearing to have a major influence on this result. The δ³⁴S values decreased during the subsequent stall period, probably due to abrasion. Seasonal variation in δ³⁴S may indicate alternating environments that differ in their weathering conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Auerswald
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
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Poupin N, Bos C, Mariotti F, Huneau JF, Tomé D, Fouillet H. The nature of the dietary protein impacts the tissue-to-diet 15N discrimination factors in laboratory rats. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28046. [PMID: 22132207 PMCID: PMC3222673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the existence of isotope effects on some metabolic pathways of amino acid and protein metabolism, animal tissues are 15N-enriched relative to their dietary nitrogen sources and this 15N enrichment varies among different tissues and metabolic pools. The magnitude of the tissue-to-diet discrimination (Δ15N) has also been shown to depend on dietary factors. Since dietary protein sources affect amino acid and protein metabolism, we hypothesized that they would impact this discrimination factor, with selective effects at the tissue level. To test this hypothesis, we investigated in rats the influence of a milk or soy protein-based diet on Δ15N in various nitrogen fractions (urea, protein and non-protein fractions) of blood and tissues, focusing on visceral tissues. Regardless of the diet, the different protein fractions of blood and tissues were generally 15N-enriched relative to their non-protein fraction and to the diet (Δ15N>0), with large variations in the Δ15N between tissue proteins. Δ15N values were markedly lower in tissue proteins of rats fed milk proteins compared to those fed soy proteins, in all sampled tissues except in the intestine, and the amplitude of Δ15N differences between diets differed between tissues. Both between-tissue and between-diet Δ15N differences are probably related to modulations of the relative orientation of dietary and endogenous amino acids in the different metabolic pathways. More specifically, the smaller Δ15N values observed in tissue proteins with milk than soy dietary protein may be due to a slightly more direct channeling of dietary amino acids for tissue protein renewal and to a lower recycling of amino acids through fractionating pathways. In conclusion, the present data indicate that natural Δ15N of tissue are sensitive markers of the specific subtle regional modifications of the protein and amino acid metabolism induced by the protein dietary source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Poupin
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Bos
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - François Mariotti
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Huneau
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Tomé
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- INRA, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, CRNH-IdF, UMR914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Lehn C, Mützel E, Rossmann A. Multi-element stable isotope analysis of H, C, N and S in hair and nails of contemporary human remains. Int J Legal Med 2011; 125:695-706. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-011-0595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kuhlow D, Zarse K, Voigt A, Schulz TJ, Petzke KJ, Schomburg L, Pfeiffer AFH, Ristow M. Opposing effects of dietary sugar and saturated fat on cardiovascular risk factors and glucose metabolism in mitochondrially impaired mice. Eur J Nutr 2010; 49:417-27. [PMID: 20221766 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both dietary fat and dietary sucrose are major components of Western diets that may differentially affect the risk for body mass gain, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. METHODS We have phenotypically analyzed mice with ubiquitously impaired expression of mitochondrial frataxin protein that were challenged with diets differing in macronutrient content, namely high-sucrose/low-fat and high-saturated fat/low-sugar diets. RESULTS We find here that a high-sucrose/low-fat diet has especially detrimental effects in mice with impaired mitochondrial metabolism promoting several independent cardiovascular risk factors, including impaired glucose metabolism, fasting hyperinsulinemia, reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, increased serum triglycerides, and elevated cholesterol levels due to increased expression of HMG-CoA reductase. In contrast, a high-saturated fat/low-sugar diet protects mice with impaired mitochondrial metabolism from diet-induced obesity by increasing total energy expenditure and increasing expression of ACAA2, a rate-limiting enzyme of mitochondrial beta-oxidation, whereas no concomitant improvement of glucose metabolism was observed. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may cause sucrose to become a multifunctional cardiovascular risk factor, whereas low-sugar diets high in saturated fat may prevent weight gain without improving glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Kuhlow
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Petzke KJ, Fuller BT, Metges CC. Advances in natural stable isotope ratio analysis of human hair to determine nutritional and metabolic status. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010; 13:532-40. [PMID: 20625284 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0b013e32833c3c84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review the literature on the use of stable isotope ratios at natural abundance to reveal information about dietary habits and specific nutrient intakes in human hair protein (keratin) and amino acids. In particular, we examine whether hair isotopic compositions can be used as unbiased biomarkers to provide information about nutritional status, metabolism, and diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Although the majority of research on the stable isotope ratio analysis of hair has focused on bulk protein, methods have been recently employed to examine amino acid-specific isotope ratios using gas chromatography or liquid chromatography coupled to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The isotopic measurement of amino acids has the potential to answer research questions on amino acid nutrition, metabolism, and disease processes and can contribute to a better understanding of the variations in bulk protein isotope ratio values. First results suggest that stable isotope ratios are promising as unbiased nutritional biomarkers in epidemiological research. However, variations in stable isotope ratios of human hair are also influenced by nutrition-dependent nitrogen balance, and more controlled clinical research is needed to examine these effects in human hair. SUMMARY Stable isotope ratio analysis at natural abundance in human hair protein offers a noninvasive method to reveal information about long-term nutritional exposure to specific nutrients, nutritional habits, and in the diagnostics of diseases leading to nutritional stress and impaired nitrogen balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus J Petzke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.
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Isken F, Klaus S, Petzke KJ, Loddenkemper C, Pfeiffer AFH, Weickert MO. Impairment of fat oxidation under high- vs. low-glycemic index diet occurs before the development of an obese phenotype. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 298:E287-95. [PMID: 19934403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00515.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high vs. low glycemic index (GI) diets increases fat mass and insulin resistance in obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice. However, the longer-term effects and potentially involved mechanisms are largely unknown. We exposed four groups of male C57BL/6J mice (n = 10 per group) to long-term (20 wk) or short-term (6 wk) isoenergetic and macronutrient matched diets only differing in starch type and as such GI. Body composition, liver fat, molecular factors of lipid metabolism, and markers of insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility were investigated in all four groups of mice. Mice fed the high GI diet showed a rapid-onset (from week 5) marked increase in body fat mass and liver fat, a gene expression profile in liver consistent with elevated lipogenesis, and, after long-term exposure, significantly reduced glucose clearance following a glucose load. The long-term high-GI diet also led to a delayed switch to both carbohydrate and fat oxidation in the postprandial state, indicating reduced metabolic flexibility. In contrast, no difference in carbohydrate oxidation was observed after short-term high- vs. low-GI exposure. However, fatty acid oxidation was significantly blunted as early as 3 wk after beginning of the high-GI intervention, at a time where most measured phenotypic markers including body fat mass were comparable between groups. Thus long-term high-GI feeding resulted in an obese, insulin-resistant, and metabolically inflexible phenotype in obesity-prone C57BL/6J mice. Early onset and significantly impaired fatty acid oxidation preceded these changes, thereby indicating a potentially causal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Isken
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Abstract
The abundances of the stable isotopes of the bioelements are not constant. Subtle, but significant, variations may be induced by physical, physiological and biochemical processes. These variations may be detected and quantified. Often, isotope fingerprints are characteristic of certain processes and may reveal information concerning the sources and origins of compounds of interest. Moreover, natural variabilities of stable isotopes may be exploited in order to perform tracer experiments. The most accurate technology to perform stable isotope analysis is (gas) isotope ratio MS (IRMS). Compound-specific approaches employ hyphenation of GC and LC to IRMS. In these approaches, complete conversion to simple gases prior to MS is required. Analysis by stable isotope ratio spectroscopy currently approaches the accuracy of IRMS. However, for bioanalytical projects, it is still predominantly confined to material synthetically enriched with stable isotopes.
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Huelsemann F, Flenker U, Koehler K, Schaenzer W. Effect of a controlled dietary change on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of human hair. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2448-2454. [PMID: 19603471 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The carbon ((13)C/(12)C) and nitrogen ((15)N/(14)N) stable isotope ratios of human hair can be used for the interpretation of dietary habits and nutritional status in contemporary or past populations. Although the results of bulk or segmental isotope ratio analysis of human hair have been used for the reconstruction of an individual's diet for years, only limited data of controlled dietary changes on the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of human hair are available. Hair of four individuals, two males and two females, who participated in a dietary change experiment for 28 days was segmentally analysed for delta(13)C and delta(15)N. The dietary change included a change from C3 to C4 plant enriched diets and a simultaneous replacement of terrestrial animal products by marine products. This resulted in an increase in delta(13)C(diet) of +8.5 to +9.9 per thousand and in delta(15)N(diet) of +1.5 to +2.2 per thousand. All subjects showed significant increases in delta(13)C(hair) and delta(15)N(hair) during the dietary change period, although no subject reached a new steady state for either carbon or nitrogen. The change in delta(15)N(hair) was faster than the change in delta(13)C(hair) for all individuals. The magnitude of change of the isotopic composition during the dietary change period could be attributed to the degree of physical activity of the individuals, with a higher physical activity resulting in a faster change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Huelsemann
- German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Koeln, Germany.
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Petzke KJ, Lemke S. Hair protein and amino acid 13C and 15N abundances take more than 4 weeks to clearly prove influences of animal protein intake in young women with a habitual daily protein consumption of more than 1 g per kg body weight. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2411-2420. [PMID: 19603474 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A high protein or meat intake might be a risk factor for metabolic disorders. Stable isotopic abundances (SIA) of hair can be used as biomarkers for animal protein intake due to characteristic isotopic patterns of food proteins. We investigated if an additional meat intake (M, 200 g pork fillet/day) or an omission of meat and meat products (NOM) can influence the natural (15)N and (13)C SIA within 4 weeks in hair and plasma of young women. The daily protein intake (means +/- SD) was 1.40 +/- 0.29, 2.25 +/- 0.35, and 1.15 +/- 0.26 g/kg at baseline, during M, and during NOM, respectively. At baseline the animal protein intake correlated with bulk SIA of hair ((15)N: R(2) = 0.416; (13)C: R(2) = 0.664; n = 14). However, isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analyses have not shown that hair and plasma SIA were changed significantly after M or NOM. Possible reasons were discussed. Urinary SIA were significantly lower after M than after NOM ((15)N: p = 0.039; (13)C: p = 0.006) and close to those of pork fillet. Characteristic patterns of SIA were measured in individual amino acids (AA) by gas chromatography/combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). The results confirmed considerable differences in SIA between AA (delta(15)N, up to 22 per thousand; delta(13)C, up to 31 per thousand). Plots of (15)N versus (13)C abundances in hair revealed characteristic differences between indispensable and dispensable AA. The intervention-dependent changes of AA-specific SIA were not as clear as expected. Although the AA-specific SIA may reveal more detailed characteristics of physiological conditions, further methodological research is required. We suggest that the SIA of leucine can be potential markers of protein intake. The reliability of SIA as biomarkers of protein intake still have to be tested in longer lasting intervention studies in humans. The results may have implications in the assessment for possible benefits and risks of protein consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus J Petzke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
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Abstract
The suitability of the pig as an animal model for predicting protein digestibility in man was evaluated. Healthy adult human subjects (mean body weight 67 kg;n11) and growing pigs (mean body weight 40 kg;n15) were fed semi-synthetic mixed meals containing, as a sole source of N, casein (C), hydrolysed casein (HC) or rapeseed isolate (R). There was no prior adaptation to the test meal. Ileal digesta were sampled through a naso-ileal tube (human subjects) or a post-valve T-caecum cannula (pigs) after ingestion of a bolus meal. The protein sources were15N-labelled. Amino acid (AA) digestibilities were not determined for R. Ileal apparent N digestibility was markedly lower (14–16 %;P < 0·001) in human subjects than in pigs (C, HC, R). Similarly, most apparent ileal AA digestibilities were lower (8 % on average;P < 0·05) in human subjects (C, HC). Ileal true N digestibility was slightly lower (3–5 %;P < 0·001) in human subjects than in pigs (C, HC, R) and most true ileal AA digestibilities were similar (P>0·05) between the species (C, HC). Exceptions were for phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine and aspartic acid for which digestibilities were lower (3 % on average;P < 0·001) in human subjects. A similar ranking of the diets was observed for true ileal N digestibility between species. The inter-species correlation for true ileal digestibility was high for N (r0·98 over 3 × 2 data;P = 0·11) and AA (r0·87 over 26 × 2 data;P < 0·0001). Overall, this supports the use of the pig as a model for predicting differences among dietary protein digestibility, especially regarding true ileal N digestibility, in man.
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O'Brien DM, Kristal AR, Jeannet MA, Wilkinson MJ, Bersamin A, Luick B. Red blood cell delta15N: a novel biomarker of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:913-9. [PMID: 19176727 PMCID: PMC2646803 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-chain omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids derived from fish, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Study of the associations between EPA and DHA intake and disease requires a valid biomarker of dietary intake; however, the direct measurement of tissue fatty acid concentrations is expensive and time consuming. OBJECTIVE Because the nitrogen stable isotope ratio ((15)N/(14)N, expressed as delta(15)N) is elevated in fish, we investigated whether delta(15)N is a valid alternative biomarker of EPA and DHA intake. DESIGN We examined the relation between red blood cell (RBC) delta(15)N and RBC EPA and DHA in a community-based sample of 496 Yup'ik Eskimos with widely varying intake of n-3 fatty acids. We also assessed the correlation between delta(15)N and dietary EPA and DHA intake based on 24-h dietary recalls and 3-d food records completed by a subset of 221 participants. RESULTS RBC delta(15)N was strongly correlated with RBC EPA and DHA (r = 0.83 and 0.75, respectively). These correlations differed only modestly by sex and age class. RBC delta(15)N also correlated with dietary EPA and DHA intake (r = 0.47 and 0.46, respectively) and did not differ by sex and age. CONCLUSIONS The results strongly support the validity of RBC delta(15)N as a biomarker of EPA and DHA intake. Because the analysis of RBC delta(15)N is rapid and inexpensive, this method could facilitate wide-scale assessment of EPA and DHA intake in clinical and epidemiologic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M O'Brien
- Center for Alaska Native Health Research, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA.
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Santamaria-Fernandez R, Giner Martínez-Sierra J, Marchante-Gayón JM, García-Alonso JI, Hearn R. Measurement of longitudinal sulfur isotopic variations by laser ablation MC-ICP-MS in single human hair strands. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:225-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2615-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:547-558. [PMID: 17385794 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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