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Du Y, Xiong Y, Deng Y, Tao Y, Tian H, Zhang Y, Li Q, Gan Y, Wang Y. Geogenic Phosphorus Enrichment in Groundwater due to Anaerobic Methane Oxidation-Coupled Fe(III) Oxide Reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8032-8042. [PMID: 38670935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of geogenic phosphorus (P) in groundwater is an emerging environmental concern, which is closely linked to coupled processes involving FeOOH and organic matter under methanogenic conditions. However, it remains unclear how P enrichment is associated with methane cycling, particularly the anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO). This study conducted a comprehensive investigation of carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), CO2, and CH4, alongside Fe isotopes, microbial communities, and functions in quaternary aquifers of the central Yangtze River plain. The study found that P concentrations tended to increase with Fe(II) concentrations, δ56Fe, and δ13C-DIC, suggesting P accumulation due to the reductive dissolution of FeOOH under methanogenic conditions. The positive correlations of pmoA gene abundance versus δ13C-CH4 and Fe concentrations versus δ13C-CH4, and the prevalent presence of Candidatus_Methanoperedens, jointly demonstrated the potential significance of Fe(III)-mediated AMO process (Fe-AMO) alongside traditional methanogenesis. The increase of P concentration with δ13C-CH4 value, pmoA gene abundance, and Fe concentration suggested that the Fe-AMO process facilitated P enrichment in groundwater. Redundancy analysis confirmed this assertion, identifying P concentration as the primary determinant and the cooperative influence of Fe-AMO microorganisms such as Candidatus_Methanoperedens and Geobacter on P enrichment. Our work provided new insights into P dynamics in subsurface environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yaojin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanqiu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhang
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, School of Environmental Studies, Wuhan 430078, China
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Li Y, Wang M, Zhang D. An improved method for isotopic and quantitative analysis of dissolved organic carbon in natural water samples. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:2060-2072. [PMID: 38678409 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
A wet chemical oxidation (WCO) method has been widely used to obtain the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content and carbon isotope (δ13CDOC) ratios. However, it is sometimes difficult to get high precision results because not enough CO2 was oxidized from the natural water samples with low DOC concentrations. This improvement primarily aims to increase the water sample volume, improve the removal rate of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and minimize the blank DOC from the standard solution. Following the improved procedure, the δ13C ratios of standardized DOC solutions were consistent with their actual values, and their differences were less than 0.2‰. The improved method demonstrated good accuracy and stability when applied to natural water samples with DOC concentrations ≥0.5 mg L-1, with the precisions of DOC concentrations and δ13C ratios were better than 0.07 mg L-1 and 0.1‰, respectively. More importantly, this method saved much pre-treatment time and realized batch processing of water samples to obtain their DOC contents and isotope ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Li
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Mingshi Wang
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China E-mail:
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3
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Li Y, Wang M, Zhang D, Wang F, Jiang H. The impacts of water-sediment regulation on organic carbon in the Yellow River. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170721. [PMID: 38325462 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The Yellow River water-sediment regulation (WSR) is a unique hydraulic engineering project that involves the resuspension and rapid discharge of sediment downstream under the influence of density currents. This process leads to short-term high-intensity sediment scouring, which in turn increases the output of organic carbon. The impact of WSR on the biogeochemical cycling of organic carbon in rivers has not been adequately explored. In this study, we applied stable isotope and 3-D fluorescence analyses to investigate the impact of WSR at the Xiaolangdi (XLD) Reservoir on the sources and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the Yellow River. The POC and DOC fluxes during WSR (∼51 days) accounted for 95.5 % and 28.3 % of the annual fluxes. According to the Bayesian model used in the study, the fluxes of POC from sediment, terrestrial plants, and sewage increased by 23.2, 13.36, and 56.55 times, respectively, during the WSR period. On the other hand, the flux from various sources of DOC decreased by ∼0.7 times during the WSR process. The three-dimensional fluorescence index (specific UV absorbance [SUVA254], humification index [HIX], biological index [BIX], and fluorescence index [FI]) further reveals that in the WSR process, more DOC comes from sediment and upstream water. This study provides quantitative insights into the effects of WSR on river organic carbon export dynamics and the driving mechanisms behind them. It also has important implications for understanding the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Li
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Mingshi Wang
- School of Resource and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Fushun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 20433, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Danjiangkou Wetland Ecosystem Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Hubei Province, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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4
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Li S, Meng L, Zhao C, Gu Y, Spencer RGM, Álvarez-Salgado XA, Kellerman AM, McKenna AM, Huang T, Yang H, Huang C. Spatiotemporal response of dissolved organic matter diversity to natural and anthropogenic forces along the whole mainstream of the Yangtze River. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 234:119812. [PMID: 36881953 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River, the largest river in Asia, plays a crucial role in linking continental and oceanic ecosystems. However, the impact of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during long-distance transport and seasonal cycle is not fully understood. By using a combination of elemental, isotopic and optical techniques, as well as Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), we investigated DOM abundance and composition along the whole mainstream at highly spatial resolution in the dry and early wet seasons. Our findings showed that the concentration and flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Yangtze River was much lower compared with other worldwide larger rivers. The distribution of δ13CDOC and higher abundance of humic-like fluorescent component and highly unsaturated and phenolics (HUPs) compound reflected a prominent contribution of allochthonous DOM. Further optical and molecular analysis revealed humic-like fluorescent components were coupled with CHO molecules and HUPs compound with higher aromatic, unsaturated, molecular weight and stable characteristics between upstream and midstream reaches. With increasing agricultural and urban land downstream, there were more heteroatomic formulae and labile aliphatic and protein-like compounds which were derived from human activities and in situ primary production. Meanwhile, DOM gradually accumulates with slow water flow and additional autochthonous organics. Weaker solar radiation and water dilution during the dry/cold season favours highly aromatic, unsaturated and oxygenated DOM compositions. Conversely, higher discharge during the wet/warm season diluted the terrestrial DOM, but warm temperatures could promote phytoplankton growth that releases labile aliphatic and protein-like DOM. Besides, chemical sulfurization, hydrogenation and oxygenation were found during molecular cycling processes. Our research emphasizes the active response of riverine DOM to natural and anthropogenic controls, and provides a valuable preliminary background to better understand the biogeochemical cycling of DOM in a larger river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaidong Li
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Organic Geochemistry Lab, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo 36208, Spain
| | - Lize Meng
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chu Zhao
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Gu
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Robert G M Spencer
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Xosé Antón Álvarez-Salgado
- Organic Geochemistry Lab, Instituto de Investigacións Mariñas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo 36208, Spain
| | - Anne M Kellerman
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China.
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Rampazzo F, Formalewicz MM, Traldi U, Noventa S, Gion C, De Castro M, Brodie C, Tiozzo F, Calace N, Berto D. New method for simultaneous determination of dissolved organic carbon and its stable carbon isotope ratio in liquid samples: environmental applications. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2022; 58:141-158. [PMID: 35306930 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2047040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of an all-in-one elemental analyser isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) system modified for simultaneous analysis of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and its stable carbon isotope footprint (δ13CDOC) in aqueous samples. The method involves a quantitative oxidation of DOC in a 200 µL liquid sample to CO2, after sample acidification and stripping by nitrogen. The detection limit of the method for DOC quantification was 0.2 mg C/L with an analytical precision of 12 %. Uncertainty of stable isotope determinations was 2 % at 0.2 mg DOC/L, while decreasing to 0.3 % at 20 mg DOC/L. Quantitative oxidation of DOC in aqueous samples was validated by using ring test water samples and Deep Sea reference seawater. The method performances of isotope analysis were evaluated by analysing different isotopic standard solutions. The applicability of the method was tested through the analysis of different environmental types of water, showing that δ13CDOC ranged from - 23.30 to -31.85 ‰, allowing to characterize samples of different environmental origin. The developed method offers several advantages including rapidity, use of small sample volumes and minimal sample pre-treatment, making it a valuable tool for routine DOC concentration measurements paired with isotopic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Rampazzo
- Department for the Monitoring and Protection of the Environment and for Biodiversity Conservation, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Chioggia (VE), Italy
| | - Malgorzata M Formalewicz
- Department for the Monitoring and Protection of the Environment and for Biodiversity Conservation, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Chioggia (VE), Italy
| | | | - Seta Noventa
- Department for the Monitoring and Protection of the Environment and for Biodiversity Conservation, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Chioggia (VE), Italy
| | - Claudia Gion
- Department for the Monitoring and Protection of the Environment and for Biodiversity Conservation, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Chioggia (VE), Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Tiozzo
- Department of Economic, Corporate and Statistical Science, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Calace
- National Centre for Environmental Characterization, Coastal Protection and Operational Oceanography, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Berto
- Department for the Monitoring and Protection of the Environment and for Biodiversity Conservation, Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Chioggia (VE), Italy
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6
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Campeau A, Eklöf K, Soerensen AL, Åkerblom S, Yuan S, Hintelmann H, Bieroza M, Köhler S, Zdanowicz C. Sources of riverine mercury across the Mackenzie River Basin; inferences from a combined HgC isotopes and optical properties approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150808. [PMID: 34637879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic environment harbors a complex mosaic of mercury (Hg) and carbon (C) reservoirs, some of which are rapidly destabilizing in response to climate warming. The sources of riverine Hg across the Mackenzie River basin (MRB) are uncertain, which leads to a poor understanding of potential future release. Measurements of dissolved and particulate mercury (DHg, PHg) and carbon (DOC, POC) concentration were performed, along with analyses of Hg stable isotope ratios (incl. ∆199Hg, δ202Hg), radiocarbon content (∆14C) and optical properties of DOC of river water. Isotopic ratios of Hg revealed a closer association to terrestrial Hg reservoirs for the particulate fraction, while the dissolved fraction was more closely associated with atmospheric deposition sources of shorter turnover time. There was a positive correlation between the ∆14C-OC and riverine Hg concentration for both particulate and dissolved fractions, indicating that waters transporting older-OC (14C-depleted) also contained higher levels of Hg. In the dissolved fraction, older DOC was also associated with higher molecular weight, aromaticity and humic content, which are likely associated with higher Hg-binding potential. Riverine PHg concentration increased with turbidity and SO4 concentration. There were large contrasts in Hg concentration and OC age and quality among the mountain and lowland sectors of the MRB, which likely reflect the spatial distribution of various terrestrial Hg and OC reservoirs, including weathering of sulfate minerals, erosion and extraction of coal deposits, thawing permafrost, forest fires, peatlands, and forests. Results revealed major differences in the sources of particulate and dissolved riverine Hg, but nonetheless a common positive association with older riverine OC. These findings reveal that a complex mixture of Hg sources, supplied across the MRB, will contribute to future trends in Hg export to the Arctic Ocean under rapid environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Campeau
- Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden; Depatment of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Karin Eklöf
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne L Soerensen
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden
| | - Staffan Åkerblom
- Statistiska centralbyrån (SCB), Statistic Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shengliu Yuan
- Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Holger Hintelmann
- Water Quality Center, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magdalena Bieroza
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Xiong Y, Du Y, Deng Y, Ma T, Li D, Sun X, Liu G, Wang Y. Contrasting sources and fate of nitrogen compounds in different groundwater systems in the Central Yangtze River Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118119. [PMID: 34523528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although groundwater nitrogen pollution has been widely studied, the control of hydrogeological conditions on behavior of nitrogen compounds has been poorly understood. In this study, multiple stable isotopes (N/C/H/O), spectral characteristics of DOM coupled with water chemistry were used to reveal the sources and fate of nitrate and ammonium in three subareas with different hydrogeological conditions in the Central Yangtze River Basin. We identified three contrasting patterns of nitrogen sources and fate in groundwater controlled by different aquifer features. In a reducing porous aquifer mainly composed of carbonate minerals overlain by a thick low-permeability layer, the NH4-N concentration is high (mean 4.12 mg/L) but with quite low NO3-N concentration (mean 0.28 mg/L). The high ammonium is mainly from intense degradation of organic matter (OM), while denitrification at a higher rate results in nitrate removal. Feammox may be favored owing to abundant humics acting as the electron shuttle. In a weakly reducing to oxidizing porous aquifer mainly composed of aluminosilicate minerals overlain by a varying thickness of low-permeability layer, high ammonium occurs in a weakly reducing condition and is affected by both anthropogenic input and OM degradation, while high nitrate occurs in a more oxidizing condition and could be mainly from soil nitrogen, manure or sewage. Feammox may be also favored due to more acidic environment formed by weathering of aluminosilicate minerals, fluctuating redox condition and low abundance of labile organic carbon, while denitrification occurs at a slower rate coupled with concurrent re-oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. In an oxidizing porous - fissured aquifer system overlain by a thin low-permeability layer, the concentrations of ammonium and nitrate are both low, possibly due to strong hydrodynamic and flushing condition, although slightly higher concentration of nitrate exhibit similar sources and fate with the weakly reducing to oxidizing porous aquifer mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojin Xiong
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Yao Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
| | - Yamin Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Teng Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Dian Li
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoliang Sun
- Geological Survey Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Guangning Liu
- Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey, Wuhan, 430205, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution, Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; School of Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
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Li J, Chen Q, Wang T, Wang H, Ni J. Hydrochemistry and nutrients determined the distribution of greenhouse gases in saline groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117383. [PMID: 34058446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The geography patterns and generation mechanisms of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in groundwater, especially in saline groundwater, are critical but rarely studied. Herein, we investigated the GHGs distribution in an aquifer, located upstream of Baiyangdian Lake, China, with a distinctive salinity gradient. A total of 132 groundwater samples were collected from 44 new-constructed wells along the lateral dimensions, and analyzed for dissolved GHGs concentrations, physiochemical parameters, and isotopes. The results showed that the dissolved CO2, CH4 and N2O concentrations ranged from 9.47 to 79.3 mg/L, 1.05-56.9 μg/L, and 0.84-7.03 μg/L, respectively. The groundwater was supersaturated with GHGs with respect to atmospheric equilibrium, suggesting groundwater discharge as a potential source of GHGs emission. CO2 significantly decreased while CH4 and N2O distinctively increased with the decline of total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration, illustrating an obvious spatial pattern in the GHGs distribution. The CO2 distributions mainly depended on the bicarbonate radical and TDS, indicating carbonate equilibrium as the main process involving in the CO2 generation. CH4 and N2O was primarily generated through the methanogenesis and denitrification processes, respectively. Nutrients including SO42- and total organic carbon predominately shaped the CH4 distributions, while nitrate mainly governed the N2O distributions. Our study highlights the important roles of hydrochemistry and nutrients in the GHGs generation and distributions, which provides a significant insight on managing the GHGs emissions from the saline groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- The Development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources of PR China, 100038, PR China
| | - Jinren Ni
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100871, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in River Ecosystems, Beijing, 100871, China
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9
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Yi Y, Zhong J, Bao H, Mostofa KMG, Xu S, Xiao HY, Li SL. The impacts of reservoirs on the sources and transport of riverine organic carbon in the karst area: A multi-tracer study. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 194:116933. [PMID: 33618106 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs have been constructed as clean energy sources in recent decades with various environmental impacts. Karst rivers typically exhibit high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations, whether and how reservoirs affect carbon cycling, especially organic carbon (OC)-related biogeochemical processes in karst rivers, are unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, multiple tracer methods (including fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM), ultraviolet (UV) absorption, and stable carbon (δ13C) and radiocarbon (Δ14C) isotopes) were utilized to track composition and property changes of both particulate OC (POC) and dissolved OC (DOC) along river-transition-reservoir transects in the Southwest China karst area. The changes in chemical properties indicated that from the river to the reservoir, terrestrial POC is largely replaced by phytoplankton-derived OC, while gradual coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) removal and addition of phytoplankton-derived OC to the DOC pool occurred as water flowed to the reservoir. Higher primary production in the transition area than that in the reservoir area was observed, which may be caused by nutrient released from suspended particles. Within the reservoir, the production surpassed degradation in the upper 5 m, resulting in a net DIC transformation into DOC and POC and terrestrial DOM degradation. The primary production was then gradually weakened and microbial degradation became more important down the profile. It is estimated that ~3.1-6.3 mg L-1 (~15.5-31.5 mg-C m-2 (~10-21%)) DIC was integrated into the OC pool through the biological carbon pump (BCP) process in the upper 5 m in the transition and reservoir areas. Our results emphasize the reservoir impact on riverine OC transport, and due to their characteristics, karst areas exhibit a higher BCP potential which is sensitive to human activities (more nutrient are provided) than non-karst areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbi Yi
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Khan M G Mostofa
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hua-Yun Xiao
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Wilson J, Munizzi J, Erhardt AM. Preservation methods for the isotopic composition of dissolved carbon species in non-ideal conditions. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8903. [PMID: 33463814 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The stable carbon isotope compositions of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) and dissolved organic carbon (δ13CDOC) are readily affected by post-sampling microbial activity if not adequately preserved. Existing preservation methods require rapid chilling, analysis, and/or toxic chemicals, all challenging to use safely in the field and during remote field seasons. Therefore, a preservation method that is safe but also effective over a range of storage times is needed when sampling waters at very remote sites. METHODS Two samples, with different dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, were filtered with a 0.2-μm filter and preserved with six different methods, mercuric chloride, copper sulfate, phosphoric acid, benzalkonium chloride, zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid, and a filter-only control. These samples were held at 4°C, 22°C, or 35°C. Regular measurement of the DIC and DOC δ13C values were made over the following 60 days for δ13CDIC and 66 days for δ13CDOC. RESULTS: Over the course of the experiment, mercuric chloride, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, and benzalkonium chloride resulted in δ13CDIC fractionation at both 4°C and 22°C. Only filtering to 0.2 μm at the time of collection, with or without acidification with phosphoric acid, resulted in minimal isotopic fractionation at both 4°C and 22°C and over the entirety of the experiment. For δ13CDOC values, only filtering to 0.2 μm minimized fractionation for both bulk and vial storage over 66 days at 22°C. CONCLUSIONS Filtering to 0.2 μm at the time of collection is more effective than the use of toxic chemicals for measuring δ13CDIC and δ13CDOC values. Phosphoric acid is as effective as only filtering for δ13CDIC and may be ideal depending on sampling considerations. These results demonstrate not only that water samples can be preserved for δ13CDIC and δ13CDOC analysis for long periods, but that preservation is best accomplished with non-toxic or low-toxicity methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Wilson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Slone Research Building, 121 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Jordon Munizzi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Slone Research Building, 121 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Andrea M Erhardt
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Slone Research Building, 121 Washington Ave, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
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Dong QY, Wang Z, Shi LD, Lai CY, Zhao HP. Anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to chromate reduction in a methane-based membrane biofilm batch reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:26286-26292. [PMID: 31286367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromate can be reduced by methanotrophs in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). In this study, we cultivated a Cr(VI)-reducing biofilm in a methane (CH4)-based membrane biofilm batch reactor (MBBR) under anaerobic conditions. The Cr(VI) reduction rate increased to 0.28 mg/L day when the chromate concentration was ≤ 2.2 mg/L but declined sharply to 0.01 mg/L day when the Cr(VI) concentration increased to 6 mg/L. Isotope tracing experiments showed that part of the 13C-labeled CH4 was transformed to 13CO2, suggesting that the biofilm may reduce Cr(VI) by anaerobic methane oxidation (AnMO). Microbial community analysis showed that a methanogen, i.e., Methanobacterium, dominated in the biofilm, suggesting that this genus is probably capable of carrying out AnMO. The abundance of Methylomonas, an aerobic methanotroph, decreased significantly, while Meiothermus, a potential chromate-reducing bacterium, was enriched in the biofilm. Overall, the results showed that the anaerobic environment inhibited the activity of aerobic methanotrophs while promoting AnMO bacterial enrichment, and high Cr(VI) loading reduced Cr(VI) flux by inhibiting the methane oxidation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yi Dong
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Dong Shi
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, Queensland, Australia.
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Envi, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Skrzypek G, Ford D. Reference materials selection for the stable carbon isotope analysis of dissolved carbon using a wet oxidation system. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:473-481. [PMID: 30421830 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Wet chemical oxidation combined with isotope ratio mass spectrometry has become a routine technique for analyzing the stable carbon isotope composition of dissolved organic (DOC) and inorganic (DIC) carbon. However, methodological inconsistencies between laboratories in using different reference materials lead to a discrepancy in results. We experimentally tested the precision and accuracy of the analysis of commonly available international reference materials and other chemicals potentially suitable for laboratory standards. METHODS The solid international reference materials and other simple chemicals were used to prepare water solutions. A range of carbon concentrations was chosen to optimize tests for (1) precision and accuracy, (2) linearity, (3) detection limits, (4) memory effects, and (5) efficiency of DIC removal from a DOC/DIC mixtures. Samples were analyzed using an LC-IsoLink coupled with a Delta V Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RESULTS The analytical setup had a negligible memory effect, good reproducibility (<0.21‰) and accuracy (maximum difference from the true values <0.35‰) for the analyzed organic compounds if approximately ≥9 × 10-09 moles of dissolved carbon was injected into the system (~11 mg C L-1 if a 10-μL loop was used). Analyses of sodium bicarbonate or calcium carbonate solutions had a two-fold lower accuracy despite maintaining a high precision. CONCLUSIONS Aqueous solutions of international reference materials such as L-glutamic acids (USGS40, USGS41), benzoic acid (IAEA-601) and sucrose (IAEA-CH-6) can be successfully used for direct normalization of results to the VPDB scale. By contrast, analyses of caffeine and urea returned very reproducible but highly inaccurate results and these materials are not recommended for standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Skrzypek
- West Australian Biogeochemistry Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Douglas Ford
- West Australian Biogeochemistry Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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Zou J, Yang Y, Jia S, Gao C, Song Z. The sources and biogeochemical cycling of carbon in the Wudalianchi UNESCO Geopark volcanic system in Northeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2918-2928. [PMID: 30499091 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The biogeochemical cycling and response mechanisms of carbon within the Wudalianchi UNESCO Global Geopark were characterized by the isotopic compositions of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) and dissolved organic carbon in ground and surface (lake) waters and their relating carbon isotopic composition of soil (δ13CSOC) and sediment organic carbon (δ13Corg). In addition to mantle-derived CO2, the oxidation of organic matter was prevalent in shallow groundwater during the summer. Their associated degassing of CO2 produced higher pCO2 values than in autumn or winter and elevated δ13CDIC values. In summer, DIC in the epilimnion showed a wide range of δ13CDIC from - 8.4 to 2.6‰. Waters in open-lake areas with relatively positive δ13CDIC values and the low levels of pCO2 were primarily influenced by CO2 degassing. Photosynthesis elevated the δ13CDIC values and led to minimal pCO2 levels in closed lake areas. Isotopically, δ13Corg was found to be positively related to δ13CSOC. In addition, lake bed sediments generally had lower concentrations and larger δ13C values of organic carbon than the surrounding soils. These results suggest that 12CO2 derived from the degradation of sediment was preferentially utilized by phytoplankton in the epilimnion during photosynthesis. The remaining 13C-rich organic matter was retained in the sediment. Since 2000, δ13Corg increased in lake 3 over time, reflecting the input of sewage and land use changes associated with a resort used for tourism. The values of δ13Corg in lake 5, distant from the resort, did not change substantially, indicating minimal human impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zou
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources & Environment, Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources & Environment, Ministry of Education (Jilin University), Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Polluted Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Siqi Jia
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Polluted Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Cuiping Gao
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Polluted Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Zefeng Song
- Key Lab of Eco-Restoration of Regional Polluted Environment, Ministry of Education, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
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de Medeiros Engelmann P, Dos Santos VHJM, Barbieri CB, Augustin AH, Ketzer JMM, Rodrigues LF. Environmental monitoring of a landfill area through the application of carbon stable isotopes, chemical parameters and multivariate analysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 76:591-605. [PMID: 29459205 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leachate produced during an organic matter decomposition process has a complex composition and can cause contamination of surface and groundwaters adjacent to a landfill area. The monitoring of these areas is extremely important for the characterization of the leachate produced and to avoid or mitigate environmental damages. Thus, the present study has the objective of monitoring the area of a Brazilian landfill using conventional parameters (dissolved metals and anions in water) and alternative, stable carbon isotopes parameters (δ13C of dissolved organic and inorganic carbons in water) in addition to multivariate analysis techniques. The use of conventional and alternative parameters together with multivariate analysis showed that cells of the residues are at different phases of stabilization of the organic matter and probably already at C3 of the methanogenic phase of decomposition. In addition, the data showed that organic matter stabilization ponds present in the landfill are efficient and improve the quality of the leachate. Enrichment of the heavy 13C isotope in both surface and groundwater suggested contamination in two sampling sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pâmela de Medeiros Engelmann
- Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Building 96J, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Jacks Mendes Dos Santos
- Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Building 96J, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Adolpho Herbert Augustin
- Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Building 96J, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo Medina Ketzer
- Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Building 96J, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Frederico Rodrigues
- Institute of Petroleum and Natural Resources, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681 - Building 96J, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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15
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Wang JJ, Lafrenière MJ, Lamoureux SF, Simpson AJ, Gélinas Y, Simpson MJ. Differences in Riverine and Pond Water Dissolved Organic Matter Composition and Sources in Canadian High Arctic Watersheds Affected by Active Layer Detachments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1062-1071. [PMID: 29301070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Regional warming has caused permafrost thermokarst and disturbances, such as active layer detachments (ALDs), which may alter carbon feedback in Arctic ecosystems. However, it is currently unclear how these disturbances alter DOM biogeochemistry in rivers and ponds in Arctic ecosystems. Water samples from the main river channel, ALD-disturbed/undisturbed tributaries, and disturbed/undisturbed ponds within a catchment in the Canadian High Arctic were collected and analyzed using carbon isotopes and spectroscopic methods. Both river and pond samples had large variations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Ponds, particularly ALD-disturbed ponds, had much older 14C DOC ages than rivers. Results from δ13C and absorption and fluorescence analyses indicate higher autochthonous contributions in ponds than rivers and increasing autochthonous contributions from upper to lower reaches of the main channel. The disturbed samples had less carbohydrates but more carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules in 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra than undisturbed samples. These ALD-impacted samples also contained less terrestrial-humic-like but more oxidized-quinone-like components in the fluorescence spectra. Interestingly, the disturbed pond DOM displayed the greatest DOM oxidation with ALDs compared to undisturbed areas. Compared to Arctic rivers, small Arctic ponds have DOM predominantly from permafrost and microbial sources and may have a disproportionally stronger positive feedback on climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jian Wang
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Melissa J Lafrenière
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University , 68 University Ave., Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Scott F Lamoureux
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University , 68 University Ave., Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- GEOTOP and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University , 7141 Sherbrooke West, Montréal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Myrna J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Centre and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough , 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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16
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Wilkinson DJ. Historical and contemporary stable isotope tracer approaches to studying mammalian protein metabolism. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:57-80. [PMID: 27182900 PMCID: PMC5763415 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Over a century ago, Frederick Soddy provided the first evidence for the existence of isotopes; elements that occupy the same position in the periodic table are essentially chemically identical but differ in mass due to a different number of neutrons within the atomic nucleus. Allied to the discovery of isotopes was the development of some of the first forms of mass spectrometers, driven forward by the Nobel laureates JJ Thomson and FW Aston, enabling the accurate separation, identification, and quantification of the relative abundance of these isotopes. As a result, within a few years, the number of known isotopes both stable and radioactive had greatly increased and there are now over 300 stable or radioisotopes presently known. Unknown at the time, however, was the potential utility of these isotopes within biological disciplines, it was soon discovered that these stable isotopes, particularly those of carbon (13 C), nitrogen (15 N), oxygen (18 O), and hydrogen (2 H) could be chemically introduced into organic compounds, such as fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars, and used to "trace" the metabolic fate of these compounds within biological systems. From this important breakthrough, the age of the isotope tracer was born. Over the following 80 yrs, stable isotopes would become a vital tool in not only the biological sciences, but also areas as diverse as forensics, geology, and art. This progress has been almost exclusively driven through the development of new and innovative mass spectrometry equipment from IRMS to GC-MS to LC-MS, which has allowed for the accurate quantitation of isotopic abundance within samples of complex matrices. This historical review details the development of stable isotope tracers as metabolic tools, with particular reference to their use in monitoring protein metabolism, highlighting the unique array of tools that are now available for the investigation of protein metabolism in vivo at a whole body down to a single protein level. Importantly, it will detail how this development has been closely aligned to the technological development within the area of mass spectrometry. Without the dedicated development provided by these mass spectrometrists over the past century, the use of stable isotope tracers within the field of protein metabolism would not be as widely applied as it is today, this relationship will no doubt continue to flourish in the future and stable isotope tracers will maintain their importance as a tool within the biological sciences for many years to come. © 2016 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel James Wilkinson
- MRC‐ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital CentreDerbyUnited Kingdom
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17
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Guo H, Zhou Y, Jia Y, Tang X, Li X, Shen M, Lu H, Han S, Wei C, Norra S, Zhang F. Sulfur Cycling-Related Biogeochemical Processes of Arsenic Mobilization in the Western Hetao Basin, China: Evidence from Multiple Isotope Approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12650-12659. [PMID: 27797497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of sulfur cycling in arsenic behavior under reducing conditions is not well-understood in previous investigations. This study provides observations of sulfur and oxygen isotope fractionation in sulfate and evaluation of sulfur cycling-related biogeochemical processes controlling dissolved arsenic groundwater concentrations using multiple isotope approaches. As a typical basin hosting high arsenic groundwater, the western Hetao basin was selected as the study area. Results showed that, along the groundwater flow paths, groundwater δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4, and δ13CDOC increased with increases in arsenic, dissolved iron, hydrogen sulfide and ammonium concentrations, while δ13CDIC decreased with decreasing Eh and sulfate/chloride. Bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) was responsible for many of these observed changes. The δ34SSO4 indicated that dissolved sulfate was mainly sourced from oxidative weathering of sulfides in upgradient alluvial fans. The high oxygen-sulfur isotope fractionation ratio (0.60) may result from both slow sulfate reduction rates and bacterial disproportionation of sulfur intermediates (BDSI). Data indicate that both the sulfide produced by BSR and the overall BDSI reduce arsenic-bearing iron(III) oxyhydroxides, leading to the release of arsenic into groundwater. These results suggest that sulfur-related biogeochemical processes are important in mobilizing arsenic in aquifer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yinzhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengmeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Lu
- The National Institute of Metrology , Beijing 100013, P.R. China
| | - Shuangbao Han
- Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey , Baoding 071051, Hebei China
| | - Chao Wei
- The National Institute of Metrology , Beijing 100013, P.R. China
| | - Stefan Norra
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Fucun Zhang
- Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey , Baoding 071051, Hebei China
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Zou J. Sources and Dynamics of Inorganic Carbon within the Upper Reaches of the Xi River Basin, Southwest China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160964. [PMID: 27513939 PMCID: PMC4981298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of dissolved and particulate inorganic carbon (DIC; PIC) was used to compare and analyze the origin, dynamics and evolution of inorganic carbon in two headwater tributaries of the Xi River, Southwest China. Carbonate dissolution and soil CO2 were regarded as the primary sources of DIC on the basis of δ13CDIC values which varied along the Nanpan and Beipan Rivers, from -13.9‰ to 8.1‰. Spatial trends in DIC differed between the two rivers (i.e., the tributaries), in part because factors controlling pCO2, which strongly affected carbonate dissolution, differed between the two river basins. Transport of soil CO2 and organic carbon through hydrologic conduits predominately controlled the levels of pCO2 in the Nanpan River. However, pCO2 along the upper reaches of the Nanpan River also was controlled by the extent of urbanization and industrialization relative to agriculture. DIC concentrations in the highly urbanized upper reaches of the Nanpan River were typical higher than in other carbonate-dominated areas of the upper Xi River. Within the Beipan River, the oxidation of organic carbon is the primary process that maintains pCO2 levels. The pCO2 within the Beipan River was more affected by sulfuric acid from coal industries, inputs from a scenic spot, and groundwater than along the Nanpan River. With regards to PIC, the contents and δ13C values in the Nanpan River were generally lower than those in the Beipan River, indicating that chemical and physical weathering contributes more marine carbonate detritus to the PIC along the Beipan River. The CO2 evasion flux from the Nanpan River was higher than that in the Beipan River, and generally higher than along the middle and lower reaches of the Xi River, demonstrating that the Nanpan River is an important net source of atmospheric CO2 in Southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Zou
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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