1
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Grifoll V, Bravo P, Pérez MN, Pérez-Clavijo M, García-Castrillo M, Larrañaga A, Lizundia E. Environmental Sustainability and Physicochemical Property Screening of Chitin and Chitin-Glucan from 22 Fungal Species. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:7869-7881. [PMID: 38783845 PMCID: PMC11110056 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to its biobased character with embedded biogenic carbon, chitin can aid in the transition to a sustainable circular economy by replacing fossil carbon from the geosphere. However, meeting current demands for material availability and environmental sustainability requires alternative methods limiting conventional chemical and energy-consuming chitin extraction from crustaceans. To assist future chitinous bioproduct development, this work analyzes the physicochemical properties and potential environmental sustainability of fungal chitin-glucan complexes. A conventional isolation procedure using sodium hydroxide, a weak acid, and short reaction times are applied to the fruiting body of 22 fungal species. Besides, the valorization of underutilized waste streams including Agaricus bisporus and Agaricus brunnescens stipes is investigated. The carbohydrate analysis renders chitin fractions in the range of 9.5-63.5 wt %, while yields vary from 4.2 to 29.9%, and the N-acetylation degree in found in between 53.0 and 98.7%. The sustainability of the process is analyzed using life cycle assessment (LCA), providing impact quantification for global warming potential, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, and water use. With 87.5-589.3 kg·CO2-equiv per kilo, potentially lower global warming potential values in comparison to crustacean chitin are achieved. The crystallinity degree ranged from 28 to 78%, while the apparent chitin crystalline size (L020) is between 2.3 and 5.4 nm. Ten of the species yield α-chitin coexisting with semicrystalline glucans. Zwitterionic properties are observed in aqueous solutions, shifting from cationic to anionic at pH 4.5. With its renewable carbon content, fungal chitin is an environmentally sustainable alternative for high-value applications due to its balance of minimal treatment, low carbon footprint, material renewability, ease of isolation, thermal stability, zwitterionic behavior, biodegradability, and noncytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Grifoll
- Mushroom
Technological Research Center of La Rioja (CTICH), Ctra. Calahorra km 4, Autol 26560, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Paula Bravo
- Mushroom
Technological Research Center of La Rioja (CTICH), Ctra. Calahorra km 4, Autol 26560, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Maria Nieves Pérez
- Mushroom
Technological Research Center of La Rioja (CTICH), Ctra. Calahorra km 4, Autol 26560, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Clavijo
- Mushroom
Technological Research Center of La Rioja (CTICH), Ctra. Calahorra km 4, Autol 26560, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Marta García-Castrillo
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications
and Nanostructures, Edif. Martina Casiano, Pl. 3 Parque Científico
UPV/EHU Barrio Sarriena, Leioa 48940, Biscay, Spain
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- SGIker,
General Research Services, University of
the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, Leioa 48940, Biscay, Spain
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications
and Nanostructures, Edif. Martina Casiano, Pl. 3 Parque Científico
UPV/EHU Barrio Sarriena, Leioa 48940, Biscay, Spain
- Life
Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering
Projects. University of the Basque Country
(UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero
Torres Quevedo 1, Bilbao 48013, Biscay, Spain
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2
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Ede SR, Yu H, Sung CH, Kisailus D. Bio-Inspired Functional Materials for Environmental Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301227. [PMID: 38133492 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
With the global population expected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, there is an urgent need for advanced materials that can address existing and developing environmental issues. Many current synthesis processes are environmentally unfriendly and often lack control over size, shape, and phase of resulting materials. Based on knowledge from biological synthesis and assembly processes, as well as their resulting functions (e.g., photosynthesis, self-healing, anti-fouling, etc.), researchers are now beginning to leverage these biological blueprints to advance bio-inspired pathways for functional materials for water treatment, air purification and sensing. The result has been the development of novel materials that demonstrate enhanced performance and address sustainability. Here, an overview of the progress and potential of bio-inspired methods toward functional materials for environmental applications is provided. The challenges and opportunities for this rapidly expanding field and aim to provide a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in developing sustainable and efficient processes and technologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankara Rao Ede
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Chao Hsuan Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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3
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Dang NTT, Le TQ, Duc Cuong N, Linh NLM, Le LS, Tran TD, Nguyen HP. Polythiophene-wrapped Chitosan Nanofibrils with a Bouligand Structure toward Electrochemical Macroscopic Membranes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13680-13691. [PMID: 38559940 PMCID: PMC10976385 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Exploring structural biomimicry is a great opportunity to replicate hierarchical frameworks inspired by nature in advanced functional materials for boosting new applications. In this work, we present the biomimetic integration of polythiophene into chitosan nanofibrils in a twisted Bouligand structure to afford free-standing macroscopic composite membranes with electrochemical functionality. By considering the integrity of the Bouligand structure in crab shells, we can produce large, free-standing chitosan nanofibril membranes with iridescent colors and flexible toughness. These unique structured features lead the chitosan membranes to host functional additives to mimic hierarchically layered composites. We used the iridescent chitosan nanofibrils as a photonic platform to investigate the host-guest combination between thiophene and chitosan through oxidative polymerization to fabricate homogeneous polythiophene-wrapped chitosan composites. This biomimetic incorporation fully retains the twisted Bouligand organization of nanofibrils in the polymerized assemblies, thus giving rise to free-standing macroscopic electrochemical membranes. Our further experiments are the modification of the biomimetic polythiophene-wrapped chitosan composites on a glassy carbon electrode to design a three-electrode system for simultaneous electrochemical detection of uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and caffeine at trace concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Thi Thanh Dang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Thang Quoc Le
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Cuong
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Le My Linh
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Lam Son Le
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen
Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Tien Dong Tran
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi, Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Phong Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Hue University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen
Hue, Hue 530000, Vietnam
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4
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Quan G, Wu Y, Li W, Li D, Gong B, Sun M, Ao Y, Xiao L, Liu Y. Growth of ZnO nanorods/flowers on the carbon fiber surfaces using sodium alginate as medium to enhance the mechanical properties of composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129457. [PMID: 38232869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The chemical inertness of the carbon fiber (CF) surface results in suboptimal mechanical properties of the prepared composites. To address this issue, we employed a combination of tannic acid and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane mixture (TA-APTES) grafted sodium alginate (SA) as a medium to enhance the interfacial properties of composites through the growth of ZnO nanoparticles on CF surfaces. ZnO nanolayers with rod-like and flower-like structures were obtained by adjusting the pH of the reaction system (pH = 10 and 12, respectively). Characterization results show that in comparison with the untreated CF composites, in the flexural strength, flexural modulus, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the as-prepared CF/TA-APTES/SA/ZnO10 (nanorods) composites were improved by 40.8 %, 58.4 %, 44.9 % and 47.8 %, respectively. The prepared CF/TA-APTES/SA/ZnO12 (nanoflowers) composite showed an increase in flexural strength, flexural modulus, ILSS and IFSS by 39.8 %, 63.6 %, 47.3 % and 48.2 %, respectively. These positive results indicate that the ZnO nanolayers increase the interfacial phase area and fiber surface roughness, thereby enhancing mechanical interlocking and load transfer between the fibers and resin matrix. This work provides a novel interfacial modification method for preparing CF composites used in longer and more durable wind turbine blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guipeng Quan
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Composites, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yunhuan Wu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weiwen Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Daimei Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Bao Gong
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mengya Sun
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuhui Ao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Composites, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Linghan Xiao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Jilin Provincial Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Composites, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yujing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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5
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Wei J, Pan F, Ping H, Yang K, Wang Y, Wang Q, Fu Z. Bioinspired Additive Manufacturing of Hierarchical Materials: From Biostructures to Functions. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0164. [PMID: 37303599 PMCID: PMC10254471 DOI: 10.34133/research.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Throughout billions of years, biological systems have evolved sophisticated, multiscale hierarchical structures to adapt to changing environments. Biomaterials are synthesized under mild conditions through a bottom-up self-assembly process, utilizing substances from the surrounding environment, and meanwhile are regulated by genes and proteins. Additive manufacturing, which mimics this natural process, provides a promising approach to developing new materials with advantageous properties similar to natural biological materials. This review presents an overview of natural biomaterials, emphasizing their chemical and structural compositions at various scales, from the nanoscale to the macroscale, and the key mechanisms underlying their properties. Additionally, this review describes the designs, preparations, and applications of bioinspired multifunctional materials produced through additive manufacturing at different scales, including nano, micro, micro-macro, and macro levels. The review highlights the potential of bioinspired additive manufacturing to develop new functional materials and insights into future directions and prospects in this field. By summarizing the characteristics of natural biomaterials and their synthetic counterparts, this review inspires the development of new materials that can be utilized in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiang Wei
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study,
Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Fei Pan
- Department of Chemistry,
University of Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,
Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kun Yang
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study,
Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering,
Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Materials Deformation and Damage from Multi-Scale, Institute for Advanced Study,
Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,
Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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6
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Patel ZS, Meza LR. Toughness Amplification via Controlled Nanostructure in Lightweight Nano-Bouligand Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207779. [PMID: 36938897 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced properties of nanomaterials make them attractive for advanced high-performance materials, but their role in promoting toughness has been unclear. Fabrication challenges often prevent the proper organization of nanomaterial constituents, and inadequate testing methods have led to a poor knowledge of toughness at small scales. In this work, the individual roles of nanomaterials and nanoarchitecture on toughness are quantified by creating lightweight materials made from helicoidal polymeric nanofibers (nano-Bouligand). Unidirectional ( θ $\theta $ = 0°) and nano-Bouligand beams ( θ $\theta $ = 2°-90°) are fabricated using two-photon lithography and are designed in a micro-single edge notch bend (µ-SENB) configuration with relative densities ρ ¯ $\overline \rho $ between 48% and 81%. Experiments demonstrate two unique toughening mechanisms. First, size-enhanced ductility of nanoconfined polymer fibers increases specific fracture energy by 70% in the 0° unidirectional beams. Second, nanoscale stiffness heterogeneity created via inter-layer fiber twisting impedes crack growth and improves absolute fracture energy dissipation by 48% in high-density nano-Bouligand materials. This demonstration of size-enhanced ductility and nanoscale heterogeneity as coexisting toughening mechanisms reveals the capacity for nanoengineered materials to greatly improve mechanical resilience in a new generation of advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab S Patel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lucas R Meza
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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7
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Chen J, Zhu Z, Chen J, Luo Y, Li L, Liu K, Ding S, Li H, Liu M, Zhou C, Luo B. Photocurable liquid crystal hydrogels with different chargeability and tunable viscoelasticity based on chitin whiskers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Chen G, Lin T, Guo C, Richter L, Dai N. Bending Study of Six Biological Models for Design of High Strength and Tough Structures. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040176. [PMID: 36412704 PMCID: PMC9680280 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High strength and tough structures are beneficial to increasing engineering components service span. Nonetheless, improving structure strength and, simultaneously, toughness is difficult, since these two properties are generally mutually exclusive. Biological organisms exhibit both excellent strength and toughness. Using bionic structures from these biological organisms can be solutions for improving these properties of engineering components. To effectively apply biological models to design biomimetic structures, this paper analyses strengthening and toughening mechanisms of six fundamentally biological models obtained from biological organisms. Numerical models of three-point bending test are established to predict crack propagation behaviors of the six biological models. Furthermore, the strength and toughness of six biomimetic composites are experimentally evaluated. It is identified that the helical model possesses the highest toughness and satisfying strength. This work provides more detailed evidence for engineers to designate bionic models to the design of biomimetic composites with high strength and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Tao Lin
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Ce Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lutz Richter
- Large Space Structures GmbH, Hauptstr. 1e, D-85386 Eching, Germany
| | - Ning Dai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
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9
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Niu YQ, Liu JH, Aymonier C, Fermani S, Kralj D, Falini G, Zhou CH. Calcium carbonate: controlled synthesis, surface functionalization, and nanostructured materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7883-7943. [PMID: 35993776 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials, textiles, cosmetics, and food. Over the last decade, there has been rapid development in the controlled synthesis and surface modification of CaCO3, the stabilization of amorphous CaCO3 (ACC), and CaCO3-based nanostructured materials. In this review, the controlled synthesis of CaCO3 is first examined, including Ca2+-CO32- systems, solid-liquid-gas carbonation, water-in-oil reverse emulsions, and biomineralization. Advancing insights into the nucleation and crystallization of CaCO3 have led to the development of efficient routes towards the controlled synthesis of CaCO3 with specific sizes, morphologies, and polymorphs. Recently-developed surface modification methods of CaCO3 include organic and inorganic modifications, as well as intensified surface reactions. The resultant CaCO3 can then be further engineered via template-induced biomineralization and layer-by-layer assembly into porous, hollow, or core-shell organic-inorganic nanocomposites. The introduction of CaCO3 into nanostructured materials has led to a significant improvement in the mechanical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of such materials, with the resultant CaCO3-based nanostructured materials showing great potential for use in biomaterials and biomedicine, environmental remediation, and energy production and storage. The influences that the preparation conditions and additives have on ACC preparation and stabilization are also discussed. Studies indicate that ACC can be used to construct environmentally-friendly hybrid films, supramolecular hydrogels, and drug vehicles. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions of the controlled synthesis and functionalization of CaCO3 and its expanding applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Niu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Univ Bordeaux, ICMCB, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5026, CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research Health Sciences & Technologies, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Damir Kralj
- Laboratory for Precipitation Processes, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P. O. Box 1016, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chun-Hui Zhou
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
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10
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Bai L, Liu L, Esquivel M, Tardy BL, Huan S, Niu X, Liu S, Yang G, Fan Y, Rojas OJ. Nanochitin: Chemistry, Structure, Assembly, and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11604-11674. [PMID: 35653785 PMCID: PMC9284562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a fascinating biopolymer found in living organisms, fulfills current demands of availability, sustainability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, functionality, and renewability. A feature of chitin is its ability to structure into hierarchical assemblies, spanning the nano- and macroscales, imparting toughness and resistance (chemical, biological, among others) to multicomponent materials as well as adding adaptability, tunability, and versatility. Retaining the inherent structural characteristics of chitin and its colloidal features in dispersed media has been central to its use, considering it as a building block for the construction of emerging materials. Top-down chitin designs have been reported and differentiate from the traditional molecular-level, bottom-up synthesis and assembly for material development. Such topics are the focus of this Review, which also covers the origins and biological characteristics of chitin and their influence on the morphological and physical-chemical properties. We discuss recent achievements in the isolation, deconstruction, and fractionation of chitin nanostructures of varying axial aspects (nanofibrils and nanorods) along with methods for their modification and assembly into functional materials. We highlight the role of nanochitin in its native architecture and as a component of materials subjected to multiscale interactions, leading to highly dynamic and functional structures. We introduce the most recent advances in the applications of nanochitin-derived materials and industrialization efforts, following green manufacturing principles. Finally, we offer a critical perspective about the adoption of nanochitin in the context of advanced, sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Liang Liu
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Marianelly Esquivel
- Polymer
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National University of Costa Rica, Heredia 3000, Costa Rica
| | - Blaise L. Tardy
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siqi Huan
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xun Niu
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science & Technology (Ministry
of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of
Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuel and Chemicals,
College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing
Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P.R. China
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Bioproducts
Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Wood Science, 2360 East Mall, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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11
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Park K, Kwak TS, Kwak IS. Integrated analysis of exoskeletal surface profile and chitin-related gene expression on Macrophthalmus japonicus mud crabs exposed to hexabromocyclododecane. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109331. [PMID: 35346851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), widely used brominated flame retardants, easily accumulate in aquatic organisms such as Macrophthalmus japonicus crabs, which inhabit tidal flat sediments. To analyze the effects of HBCD exposure in chitin-formed exoskeleton, we investigated molecular responses of chitin-related genes as well as physical changes of the exoskeletal surface form as a new biological end-point on M. japonicus. The expression patterns of chitin biosynthesis-, modification-, and degradation-related genes in the gills and hepatopancreases of M. japonicus were also analyzed. Additionally, the survivability and exoskeleton surface profiles of M. japonicus crabs were evaluated. M. japonicus chitin synthase expression was significantly downregulated, whereas that of the chitinase transcript was significantly upregulated upon exposure to all HBCD concentrations on day 7. Contrastingly, the gene expression of chitin deacetylase 1 significantly increased upon exposure to all HBCD concentrations on day 1, and this increase was significantly elevated on day 4. The expression of chitin deacetylase 1 was dose-dependent. Additionally, decreased survival and exoskeleton surface profile changes were observed in M. japonicus crabs exposed to all HBCD concentrations. These results suggest that exposure to HBCD induces changes in the synthesis, modification, and degradation of chitin, a pivotal component of the cuticular exoskeleton, and may disrupt the exoskeletal surface structure in M. japonicus crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyun Park
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea
| | - Tae-Soo Kwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongnam 52725, South Korea
| | - Ihn-Sil Kwak
- Fisheries Science Institute, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea; Department of Ocean Integrated Science, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, South Korea.
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12
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Vu H, Woodcock JW, Krishnamurthy A, Obrzut J, Gilman JW, Coughlin EB. Visualization of Polymer Dynamics in Cellulose Nanocrystal Matrices Using Fluorescence Lifetime Measurements. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10793-10804. [PMID: 35179343 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites containing self-assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are ideal for advanced applications requiring both strength and toughness as the helicoidal structure of the CNCs deflects crack propagation and the polymer matrix dissipates impact energy. However, any adsorbed water layer surrounding the CNCs may compromise the interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix and the CNCs, thus impacting stress transfer at that interface. Therefore, it is critical to study the role of water at the interface in connecting the polymer dynamics and the resulting mechanical performance of the nanocomposite. Here, we explore the effect of polymer confinement and water content on polymer dynamics in CNC nanocomposites by covalently attaching a fluorogenic water-sensitive dye to poly(diethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (PMEO2MA), to provide insights into the observed mechanical performance. Utilizing fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), the lifetime of dye fluorescence decay was measured to probe the polymer chain dynamics of PMEO2MA in CNC nanocomposite films. The PMEO2MA chains experienced distinct regions of differing dynamics within Bouligand structures. A correlation was observed between the average fluorescence lifetime and the mechanical performance of CNC films, indicating that polymer chains with high mobility improved the strain and toughness. These studies demonstrated FLIM as a method to investigate polymer dynamics at the nanosecond timescale that can readily be applied to other composite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Vu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jeremiah W Woodcock
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-3460, United States
| | - Ajay Krishnamurthy
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-3460, United States
| | - Jan Obrzut
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-3460, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Gilman
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-3460, United States
| | - E Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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13
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Lee SR, Reichmanis E, Srinivasarao M. Anisotropic Responsive Microgels Based on the Cholesteric Phase of Chitin Nanocrystals. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:96-102. [PMID: 35574788 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anisotropic stimuli-responsive microgels based upon the cholesteric phase of chitin nanocrystals and N-isopropylacrylamide were designed and synthesized. The cholesteric structure was interrogated, and the texture was shown to directly influence the microgel shape and anisotropy. Changes in the microgel volume led to changes in the texture, where microgels comprising up to six bands exhibited a twisted bipolar texture, while those with greater volumes displayed a concentric-packing structure. As designed, the imprinted cholesteric phase induced an asymmetric response to temperature, leading to a change in shape and optical properties. Furthermore, the cholesteric structure is able to deform, facilitating transport into a small channel. Access to synthetic structures having a self-assembled twisted texture derived from cholesterics embedded within a polymer matrix will provide guidelines for designing biopolymer composites with programmable motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin R. Lee
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Mohan Srinivasarao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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14
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Ma Y, Guo C, Dai N, Shen J, Guan J. Structural characterization and regulation of the mechanical properties of the carapace cuticle in tri-spine horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus). J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104954. [PMID: 34741983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Horseshoe crab (order Xiphosura) has a large and thick carapace that has evolved as a protective tool to defend against predators and resist impacts from surf-zone turbulence. The naturally occurring spatial variation in the mechanical properties of the carapace cuticle need to be investigated to understand their regulatory mechanism and the underlying design strategies. In this work, we used a combination of high-resolution optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to evaluate the multiscale microstructure and elemental composition of the cuticle of tri-spine horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus). The moduli, ultimate strengths, and failure strains of the three individual layers and the entire cuticle were systematically characterized in both the dry and hydrated states. The failure behaviors and energy absorption of the cuticle involved stress stiffening, toughness mechanism and environmental adaptation were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and then correlated with the morphological features in different cuticle regions. The mechanical properties are primarily influenced by the endocuticle thickness ratio; a higher thickness ratio corresponds to more stacking of the vertical lamellae, leading to a lower modulus, weaker strength, and greater elongation of the endocuticle. Radial energy is absorbed primarily by the endocuticle, with the energy absorbed in the radial direction being nearly twice that absorbed in the circumferential direction. This is attributed to the larger failure strain and relatively small decrease in the stress plateau in the radial direction. The findings provide a deeper understanding of how nature modulates the cuticle's mechanical properties and inspiration for developing high-performance synthetic composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaopeng Ma
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Institute of Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Ce Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Institute of Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China.
| | - Ning Dai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Jingyu Shen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Institute of Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Jigang Guan
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China; Institute of Bio-inspired Structure and Surface Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
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15
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Seidl B, Reisecker C, Neues F, Campanaro A, Epple M, Hild S, Ziegler A. The dorsal tergite cuticle of Helleria brevicornis: Ultrastructure, mineral distribution, calcite microstructure and texture. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY-X 2021; 5:100051. [PMID: 34337383 PMCID: PMC8313847 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the terrestrial Crustacea, isopods have most successfully established themselves in a large variety of terrestrial habitats. As in most Crustacea, their cuticle consists of a hierarchically organised organic phase of chitin-protein fibrils, containing calcium carbonate and some calcium phosphate. In previous studies, we examined the tergite cuticle of Tylos europaeus, which lives on seashores and burrows into moist sand. In this study, we investigate the closely related species Helleria brevicornis, which is completely terrestrial and lives in leaf litter and humus and burrows into the soil. To get deeper insights in relation between the structure of the organic and mineral phase in species living in diverse habitats, we have investigated the structure, and the chemical and crystallographic properties of the tergite cuticle using various preparation techniques, and microscopic and analytical methods. The results reveal long and short epicuticular sensilla with brushed tips on the tergite surface that do not occur in T. europaeus. As in T. europaeus a distal exocuticle, which contains a low number of organic fibres, contains calcite while the subjacent layers of the exo- and endocuticle contain amorphous calcium carbonate. The distal exocuticle contains a polygonal pattern of mineral initiation sites that correspond to interprismatic septa described for decapod crabs. The shape and position of calcite units do not follow the polygonal pattern of the septa. The results indicate that the calcite units form by crystallisation from an amorphous phase that progresses from both margins of the septa to the centres of the polygons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Seidl
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Reisecker
- Department of Polymer Science, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Frank Neues
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, 45117Essen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Campanaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Plant and Certification, Via di Lanciola 12/a, I-50125 Cascine del Riccio, Florence, Italy
| | - Matthias Epple
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5-7, 45117Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hild
- Department of Polymer Science, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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16
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Yang X, Biswas SK, Han J, Tanpichai S, Li MC, Chen C, Zhu S, Das AK, Yano H. Surface and Interface Engineering for Nanocellulosic Advanced Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002264. [PMID: 32902018 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
How do trees support their upright massive bodies? The support comes from the incredibly strong and stiff, and highly crystalline nanoscale fibrils of extended cellulose chains, called cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose nanofibers and their crystalline parts-cellulose nanocrystals, collectively nanocelluloses, are therefore the recent hot materials to incorporate in man-made sustainable, environmentally sound, and mechanically strong materials. Nanocelluloses are generally obtained through a top-down process, during or after which the original surface chemistry and interface interactions can be dramatically changed. Therefore, surface and interface engineering are extremely important when nanocellulosic materials with a bottom-up process are fabricated. Herein, the main focus is on promising chemical modification and nonmodification approaches, aiming to prospect this hot topic from novel aspects, including nanocellulose-, chemistry-, and process-oriented surface and interface engineering for advanced nanocellulosic materials. The reinforcement of nanocelluloses in some functional materials, such as structural materials, films, filaments, aerogels, and foams, is discussed, relating to tailored surface and/or interface engineering. Although some of the nanocellulosic products have already reached the industrial arena, it is hoped that more and more nanocellulose-based products will become available in everyday life in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpeng Yang
- Laboratory of Active Bio-Based Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Subir Kumar Biswas
- Laboratory of Active Bio-Based Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jingquan Han
- College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Supachok Tanpichai
- Learning Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10140, Thailand
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Sailing Zhu
- College of Materials science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, P. R. China
| | - Atanu Kumar Das
- Department of Forest Biomaterials and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-90183, Sweden
| | - Hiroyuki Yano
- Laboratory of Active Bio-Based Materials, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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17
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Wang L, Urbas AM, Li Q. Nature-Inspired Emerging Chiral Liquid Crystal Nanostructures: From Molecular Self-Assembly to DNA Mesophase and Nanocolloids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1801335. [PMID: 30160812 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs) are omnipresent in living matter, whose chirality is an elegant and distinct feature in certain plant tissues, the cuticles of crabs, beetles, arthropods, and beyond. Taking inspiration from nature, researchers have recently devoted extensive efforts toward developing chiral liquid crystalline materials with self-organized nanostructures and exploring their potential applications in diverse fields ranging from dynamic photonics to energy and safety issues. In this review, an account on the state of the art of emerging chiral liquid crystalline nanostructured materials and their technological applications is provided. First, an overview on the significance of chiral liquid crystalline architectures in various living systems is given. Then, the recent significant progress in different chiral liquid crystalline systems including thermotropic LCs (cholesteric LCs, cubic blue phases, achiral bent-core LCs, etc.) and lyotropic LCs (DNA LCs, nanocellulose LCs, and graphene oxide LCs) is showcased. The review concludes with a perspective on the future scope, opportunities, and challenges in these truly advanced functional soft materials and their promising applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Augustine M Urbas
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Quan Li
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
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18
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Leung JYS, Chen Y, Nagelkerken I, Zhang S, Xie Z, Connell SD. Calcifiers can Adjust Shell Building at the Nanoscale to Resist Ocean Acidification. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003186. [PMID: 32776486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is considered detrimental to marine calcifiers based on laboratory studies showing that increased seawater acidity weakens their ability to build calcareous shells needed for growth and protection. In the natural environment, however, the effects of ocean acidification are subject to ecological and evolutionary processes that may allow calcifiers to buffer or reverse these short-term negative effects through adaptive mechanisms. Using marine snails inhabiting a naturally CO2 -enriched environment over multiple generations, it is discovered herein that they build more durable shells (i.e., mechanically more resilient) by adjusting the building blocks of their shells (i.e., calcium carbonate crystals), such as atomic rearrangement to reduce nanotwin thickness and increased incorporation of organic matter. However, these adaptive adjustments to future levels of ocean acidification (year 2100) are eroded at extreme CO2 concentrations, leading to construction of more fragile shells. The discovery of adaptive mechanisms of shell building at the nanoscale provides a new perspective on why some calcifiers may thrive and others collapse in acidifying oceans, and highlights the inherent adaptability that some species possess in adjusting to human-caused environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y S Leung
- Centre for Advanced Thin Films and Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Yujie Chen
- Centre for Advanced Thin Films and Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Sam Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Thin Films and Devices, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, P. R. China
| | - Zonghan Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
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19
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Xing K, Liu Y, Yan C, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Su N, Yang F, Xie S, Zhang J. Transcriptome analysis of Neocaridina denticulate sinensis under copper exposure. Gene 2020; 764:145098. [PMID: 32861881 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neocaridina denticulate sinensis is a small freshwater economic shrimp, as well as excellent laboratory model for their short life cycle and easy availability. However, the response of N. denticulate sinensis to pervasive copper pollution in aquatic environments has not been deeply investigated yet. Herein, we preformed Illumina sequencing technology to mine the alterations of cephalothorax transcriptome under 2.5 μmol/L of Cu2+ after 48 h. 122,512 unigenes were assembled and 219 unigenes were identified as significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and Cu2+ treatment groups. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mostly associated with immune responses and molting, such as endocytosis, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and chitin metabolic process. Seven genes were chosen for qPCR verification, and the results showed that the transcriptome sequencing data were consistent with the qPCR results. This is the first report of transcriptome information about N. denticulate sinensis. These results provided a direction for the future research of resistance to Cu2+ in this shrimp, and simultaneously enriched gene information of N. denticulate sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Xing
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Congcong Yan
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhou
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Naike Su
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Co., Ltd, Xiaoshan 310012, China
| | - Song Xie
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- College of Life Science, Institute of Life and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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20
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Radular stylus of Cryptochiton stelleri: A multifunctional lightweight and flexible fiber-reinforced composite. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 111:103991. [PMID: 32823075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chitons are herbivorous invertebrates that use rows of ultrahard magnetite-based teeth connected to a flexible belt (radula) to rasp away algal deposits growing on and within rocky outcrops along coastlines around the world. Each tooth is attached to the radula by an organic structure (stylus) that provides mechanical support during feeding. However, the underlying structures within the stylus, and their subsequent function within the chiton have yet to be investigated. Here, we investigate the macrostructural architecture, the regional material and elemental distribution and subsequent nano-mechanical properties of the stylus from the Northern Pacific dwelling Cryptochiton stelleri. Using a combination of μ-CT imaging, optical and electron microscopy, as well as elemental analysis, we reveal that the stylus is a highly contoured tube, mainly composed of alpha-chitin fibers, with a complex density distribution. Nanoindentation reveals regiospecific and graded mechanical properties that can be correlated with both the elemental composition and material distribution. Finite element modeling shows that the unique macroscale architecture, material distribution and elemental gradients have been optimized to preserve the structural stability of this flexible, yet robust functionally-graded fiber-reinforced composite tube, providing effective function during rasping. Understanding these complex fiber-based structures offers promising blueprints for lightweight, multifunctional and integrated materials.
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21
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Thi Thanh Dang N, Nguyen T, Lizundia E, Quoc Le T, MacLachlan MJ. Biomimetic Mesoporous Cobalt Ferrite/Carbon Nanoflake Helices for Freestanding Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Thi Thanh Dang
- Department of Chemistry Hue University of Sciences, Hue University 77 Nguyen Hue Hue 530000 Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry Hue University of Education, Hue University 34 Le Loi Hue 530000 Vietnam
| | - Thanh‐Dinh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao 48013 Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials Applications and Nanostructures UPV/EHU Science Park 48940 Leioa Spain
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerlandn
| | - Thang Quoc Le
- Department of Chemistry Hue University of Education, Hue University 34 Le Loi Hue 530000 Vietnam
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute University of British Columbia 2355 East Mall Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute Kanazawa University Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
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22
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Jiao D, Guo J, Lossada F, Hoenders D, Groeer S, Walther A. Hierarchical cross-linking for synergetic toughening in crustacean-mimetic nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12958-12969. [PMID: 32525166 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr02228d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The twisted plywood structure as found in crustacean shells possesses excellent mechanical properties with high stiffness and toughness. Synthetic mimics can be produced by evaporation-induced self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with polymer components into bulk films with a cholesteric liquid crystal structure. However, these are often excessively brittle and it has remained challenging to make materials combining high stiffness and toughness. Here, we describe self-assembling cholesteric CNC/polymer nanocomposites with a crustacean-mimetic structure and tunable photonic band gap, in which we engineer combinations of thermo-activated covalent and supramolecular hydrogen-bonded crosslinks to tailor the energy dissipation properties by precise molecular design. Toughening occurs upon increasing the polymer fractions in the nanocomposites, and, critically, combinations of both molecular bonding mechanisms lead to a considerable synergetic increase of stiffness and toughness - beyond the common rule of mixtures. Our concept following careful molecular design allows one to enter previously unreached areas of mechanical property charts for cholesteric CNC-based nanocomposites. The study shows that the subtle engineering of molecular energy dissipation units using sophisticated chemical approaches enables efficient enhancing of the properties of bioinspired CNC/polymer nanocomposites, and opens the design space for future molecular enhancement using tailor-made interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Jiao
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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23
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Nakayama M, Kajiyama S, Kumamoto A, Ikuhara Y, Kato T. Bioinspired selective synthesis of liquid-crystalline nanocomposites: formation of calcium carbonate-based composite nanodisks and nanorods. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2326-2332. [PMID: 36133376 PMCID: PMC9417261 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here we report new organic/inorganic hybrid colloidal liquid crystals that consist of colloidal calcium carbonate (CaCO3)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) hybrid nanodisks. We selectively synthesized anisotropic liquid-crystalline CaCO3-based nanodisk and nanorod composites in water/methanol mixtures, which formed discotic and calamitic nematic liquid crystals in their colloidal dispersions, respectively. The vaterite nanodisks and calcite nanorods were selectively synthesized in methanol-rich and water-rich solutions, respectively. The observation of these materials with transmission electron microscopy clarified the atomic-scale structures of these nanodisks and nanorods, revealing the self-organized CaCO3/PAA hybrid structures with the ability to form colloidal liquid crystals. The liquid crystals were prepared under mild and aqueous conditions by methods using acidic polymers inspired by the biomineralization process. The present approach provides new insights into the design of organic/inorganic hybrid colloidal liquid crystals and development of environmentally friendly functional hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nakayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Akihito Kumamoto
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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24
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Yao J, Fang W, Guo J, Jiao D, Chen S, Ifuku S, Wang H, Walther A. Highly Mineralized Biomimetic Polysaccharide Nanofiber Materials Using Enzymatic Mineralization. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2176-2186. [PMID: 32286801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many biological high-performance composites, such as bone, antler, and crustacean cuticles, are composed of densely mineralized and ordered nanofiber materials. The mimicry of even simplistic bioinspired structures, i.e., of densely and homogeneously mineralized nanofibrillar materials with controllable mechanical performance, continues to be a grand challenge. Here, using alkaline phosphatase as an enzymatic catalyst, we demonstrate the dense, homogeneous, and spatially controlled mineralization of calcium phosphate nanostructures within networks of anionically charged cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cationically charged chitin nanofibrils (ChNFs)-both emerging biobased nanoscale building blocks for sustainable high-performance materials design. Our study reveals that anionic CNFs lead to a more homogeneous nanoscale mineralization with very high mineral contents up to ca. 70 wt % with a transition from amorphous to crystalline deposits, while cationic ChNFs yield rod-like crystalline morphologies. The bone-inspired CNF bulk films exhibit a significantly increased stiffness, maintain good flexibility and translucency, and have a significant gain in wet state mechanical properties. The mechanical properties can be tuned both by the enzyme concentration and the mineralization time. Moreover, we also show a spatial control of the mineralization using kinetically controlled substrate uptake in a dialysis reactor, and by spatially selectively incorporating the enzyme into 2D printed filament patterns. The strategy highlights possibilities for spatial encoding of enzymes in tailored structures and patterns and programmed mineralization processes, promoting the potential application of mineralized CNF biomaterials with complex gradients for bone substitutes and tissue regeneration in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Fang
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dejin Jiao
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Shinsuke Ifuku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 101-4 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8502, Japan
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab-Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
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25
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Kajiyama S, Iwase H, Nakayama M, Ichikawa R, Yamaguchi D, Seto H, Kato T. Shear-induced liquid-crystalline phase transition behaviour of colloidal solutions of hydroxyapatite nanorod composites. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11468-11479. [PMID: 32227008 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr10996j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-crystalline (LC) bio-inspired materials based on colloidal nanoparticles with anisotropic morphologies such as sheets, plates, rods and fibers were used as functional materials. They show stimuli-responsive behaviour under mechanical force and in electric and magnetic fields. Understanding the effects of external stimuli on the structures of anisotropic colloidal particles is important for the development of highly ordered structures. Recently, we have developed stimuli-responsive hydroxyapatite (HAP)-based colloidal LC nanorods that are environmentally-friendly functional materials. In the present study, the ordering behaviour of HAP nanorod dispersions, which show LC states, has been examined using in situ small-angle neutron scattering and rheological measurements (Rheo-SANS) under shearing force. The structural analyses and dynamic viscosity observations provided detailed information about the effects of shear force on the structural changes of HAP nanorods in D2O dispersion. The present Rheo-SANS measurements unraveled three kinds of main effects of the shear force: the enhancement of interactions between the HAP nanorods, the alignment of HAP nanorods to the shear flow direction, and the formation and disruption of HAP nanorod assemblies. Simultaneous analyses of dynamic viscosity and structural changes revealed that the HAP nanorod dispersions exhibited distinctive rheological properties accompanied by their ordered structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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26
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Sun S, Sheth S, Song Q. Electrogenerated singlet oxygen chemiluminescence during in situ transformation of nanostructured brushite to hydroxyapatite on Nafion film. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Huang W, Restrepo D, Jung JY, Su FY, Liu Z, Ritchie RO, McKittrick J, Zavattieri P, Kisailus D. Multiscale Toughening Mechanisms in Biological Materials and Bioinspired Designs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901561. [PMID: 31268207 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Biological materials found in Nature such as nacre and bone are well recognized as light-weight, strong, and tough structural materials. The remarkable toughness and damage tolerance of such biological materials are conferred through hierarchical assembly of their multiscale (i.e., atomic- to macroscale) architectures and components. Herein, the toughening mechanisms of different organisms at multilength scales are identified and summarized: macromolecular deformation, chemical bond breakage, and biomineral crystal imperfections at the atomic scale; biopolymer fibril reconfiguration/deformation and biomineral nanoparticle/nanoplatelet/nanorod translation, and crack reorientation at the nanoscale; crack deflection and twisting by characteristic features such as tubules and lamellae at the microscale; and structure and morphology optimization at the macroscale. In addition, the actual loading conditions of the natural organisms are different, leading to energy dissipation occurring at different time scales. These toughening mechanisms are further illustrated by comparing the experimental results with computational modeling. Modeling methods at different length and time scales are reviewed. Examples of biomimetic designs that realize the multiscale toughening mechanisms in engineering materials are introduced. Indeed, there is still plenty of room mimicking the strong and tough biological designs at the multilength and time scale in Nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - David Restrepo
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Jae-Young Jung
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Frances Y Su
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Zengqian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Fatigue and Fracture Division, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Pablo Zavattieri
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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28
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Brown AH, Walsh TR. Elucidating Polymorph-Selective Bioadsorption on Chitin Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:594-602. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H. Brown
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Tiffany R. Walsh
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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29
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Kuo D, Kajiyama S, Kato T. Development of biomineralization-inspired hybrids based on β-chitin and zinc hydroxide carbonate and their conversion into zinc oxide thin films. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00141g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid thin films based on an environmentally friendly biopolymer, β-chitin and zinc hydroxide carbonate were developed through a biomineralization-inspired approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo 113-8656
- Japan
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30
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Kuo D, Nishimura T, Kajiyama S, Kato T. Bioinspired Environmentally Friendly Amorphous CaCO 3-Based Transparent Composites Comprising Cellulose Nanofibers. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12722-12729. [PMID: 31457998 PMCID: PMC6645217 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) stabilized by acidic macromolecules is a useful material for the development of environmentally friendly composites. In this study, we synthesized transparent and mechanically tough ACC-based composite materials by the incorporation of water-dispersible cellulose derivatives, namely, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and surface-modified crystalline cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). A solution mixing method used in the present work proved to be a powerful and efficient method for the production of mechanically tough and environmentally friendly materials. Molecular-scale interactions between carboxyl groups and Ca2+ ions induce homogeneous dispersion of CNFs in the composites, and this gives composite films with high transparency and high mechanical properties. The composite films of CMC, CNFs, and ACC at the mixture ratios of 40, 40, and 20 wt %, showed high mechanical properties of 15.8 ± 0.93 GPa for the Young's modulus and 268 ± 20 MPa for the tensile strength. These designed materials that are based on ACC may open up new opportunities in many fields in applications that require the use of environmentally friendly, biodegradable, mechanically tough, and transparent composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
School of Engineering, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
School of Engineering, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology,
School of Engineering, The University of
Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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31
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Moini M, Olek J, Youngblood JP, Magee B, Zavattieri PD. Additive Manufacturing and Performance of Architectured Cement-Based Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802123. [PMID: 30159935 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in hierarchical design and additive manufacturing (AM) of cement-based materials. However, the brittle behavior of these materials and the presence of interfaces from the AM process currently present a major challenge. Contrary to the commonly adopted approach in AM of cement-based materials to eliminate the interfaces in 3D-printed hardened cement paste (hcp) elements, this work focuses on harnessing the heterogeneous interfaces by employing novel architectures (based on bioinspired Bouligand structures). These architectures are found to generate unique damage mechanisms, which allow inherently brittle hcp materials to attain flaw-tolerant properties and novel performance characteristics. It is hypothesized that combining heterogeneous interfaces with carefully designed architectures promotes such damage mechanisms as, among others, interfacial microcracking and crack twisting. This, in turn, leads to damage delocalization in brittle 3D-printed architectured hcp and therefore results in quasi-brittle behavior, enhanced fracture and damage tolerance, and unique load-displacement response, all without sacrificing strength. It is further found that in addition to delocalization of the cracks, the Bouligand architectures can also enhance work of failure and inelastic deflection of the architectured hcp elements by over 50% when compared to traditionally cast elements from the same materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamadreza Moini
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University at West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jan Olek
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University at West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Youngblood
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University at West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bryan Magee
- Built Environment Research Institute, Ulster University at Newtownabbey, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Pablo D Zavattieri
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University at West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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32
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Structures and Composition of the Crab Carapace: An Archetypal Material in Biomimetic Mechanical Design. Results Probl Cell Differ 2018. [PMID: 30083936 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92486-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The structures and composition of crab carapaces are of interest to biomimetic designers and materials scientists as they are hierarchically optimised to dissipate fracture energies through molecular to macroscopic length scales. At each length scale, mechanical energy is absorbed and redirected, circumventing thus catastrophic fracture through the carapace cross-section on impact. The objective of this section is to elucidate the structural, chemical and compositional makeup of crab carapaces, to provide links between their architectures and mechanical properties, and to discuss highlight papers where attempts have been made to mimic the structure-property characteristics of crab carapaces in modern engineering composites.
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33
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van Assenbergh P, Meinders E, Geraedts J, Dodou D. Nanostructure and Microstructure Fabrication: From Desired Properties to Suitable Processes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703401. [PMID: 29573546 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
When designing a new nanostructure or microstructure, one can follow a processing-based manufacturing pathway, in which the structure properties are defined based on the processing capabilities of the fabrication method at hand. Alternatively, a performance-based pathway can be followed, where the envisioned performance is first defined, and then suitable fabrication methods are sought. To support the latter pathway, fabrication methods are here reviewed based on the geometric and material complexity, resolution, total size, geometric and material diversity, and throughput they can achieve, independently from processing capabilities. Ten groups of fabrication methods are identified and compared in terms of these seven moderators. The highest resolution is obtained with electron beam lithography, with feature sizes below 5 nm. The highest geometric complexity is attained with vat photopolymerization. For high throughput, parallel methods, such as photolithography (≈101 m2 h-1 ), are needed. This review offers a decision-making tool for identifying which method to use for fabricating a structure with predefined properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van Assenbergh
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628, CD, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Meinders
- AMSYSTEMS Center, De Lismortel 31, 5612, AR, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jo Geraedts
- Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628, CE, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra Dodou
- Department of BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628, CD, Delft, The Netherlands
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Grunenfelder LK, Milliron G, Herrera S, Gallana I, Yaraghi N, Hughes N, Evans-Lutterodt K, Zavattieri P, Kisailus D. Ecologically Driven Ultrastructural and Hydrodynamic Designs in Stomatopod Cuticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30. [PMID: 29336499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecological pressures and varied feeding behaviors in a multitude of organisms have necessitated the drive for adaptation. One such change is seen in the feeding appendages of stomatopods, a group of highly predatory marine crustaceans. Stomatopods include "spearers," who ambush and snare soft bodied prey, and "smashers," who bludgeon hard-shelled prey with a heavily mineralized club. The regional substructural complexity of the stomatopod dactyl club from the smashing predator Odontodactylus scyllarus represents a model system in the study of impact tolerant biominerals. The club consists of a highly mineralized impact region, a characteristic Bouligand architecture (common to arthropods), and a unique section of the club, the striated region, composed of highly aligned sheets of mineralized fibers. Detailed ultrastructural investigations of the striated region within O. scyllarus and a related species of spearing stomatopod, Lysiosquillina maculate show consistent organization of mineral and organic, but distinct differences in macro-scale architecture. Evidence is provided for the function and substructural exaptation of the striated region, which facilitated redeployment of a raptorial feeding appendage as a biological hammer. Moreover, given the need to accelerate underwater and "grab" or "smash" their prey, the spearer and smasher appendages are specifically designed with a significantly reduced drag force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lessa Kay Grunenfelder
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Bldg. Room 343, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Garrett Milliron
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Bldg. Room 343, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Steven Herrera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Bldg. Room 343, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Isaias Gallana
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Departamento de Aeronautica, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
| | - Nicholas Yaraghi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Bldg. Room 343, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nigel Hughes
- Department of Earth Sciences, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | | | - Pablo Zavattieri
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Bldg. Room 343, UC Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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35
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Natarajan B, Gilman JW. Bioinspired Bouligand cellulose nanocrystal composites: a review of mechanical properties. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170050. [PMID: 29277746 PMCID: PMC5746561 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The twisted plywood, or Bouligand, structure is the most commonly observed microstructural motif in natural materials that possess high mechanical strength and toughness, such as that found in bone and the mantis shrimp dactyl club. These materials are isotropically toughened by a low volume fraction of soft, energy-dissipating polymer and by the Bouligand structure itself, through shear wave filtering and crack twisting, deflection and arrest. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are excellent candidates for the bottom-up fabrication of these structures, as they naturally self-assemble into 'chiral nematic' films when cast from solutions and possess outstanding mechanical properties. In this article, we present a review of the fabrication techniques and the corresponding mechanical properties of Bouligand biomimetic CNC nanocomposites, while drawing comparison to the performance standards set by tough natural composite materials.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Natarajan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Gilman
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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36
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Abstract
Nature assembles weak organic and inorganic constituents into sophisticated hierarchical structures, forming structural composites that demonstrate impressive combinations of strength and toughness. Two such composites are the nacre structure forming the inner layer of many mollusk shells, whose brick-and-mortar architecture has been the gold standard for biomimetic composites, and the cuticle forming the arthropod exoskeleton, whose helicoidal fiber-reinforced architecture has only recently attracted interest for structural biomimetics. In this review, we detail recent biomimetic efforts for the fabrication of strong and tough composite materials possessing the brick-and-mortar and helicoidal architectures. Techniques discussed for the fabrication of nacre- and cuticle-mimetic structures include freeze casting, layer-by-layer deposition, spray deposition, magnetically assisted slip casting, fiber-reinforced composite processing, additive manufacturing, and cholesteric self-assembly. Advantages and limitations to these processes are discussed, as well as the future outlook on the biomimetic landscape for structural composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Yaraghi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA;
| | - David Kisailus
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA; .,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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37
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38
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Macromolecular templates for biomineralization-inspired crystallization of oriented layered zinc hydroxides. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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39
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Sato K, Ozaki N, Nakanishi K, Sugahara Y, Oaki Y, Salinas C, Herrera S, Kisailus D, Imai H. Effects of nanostructured biosilica on rice plant mechanics. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biosilicas in rice plants originate from their nanostructures, which can be customized for their intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Noriaki Ozaki
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences
- Akita Prefectural University
- Akita 010-0195
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8502
- Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sugahara
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Tokyo 169-8555
- Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Christopher Salinas
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Steven Herrera
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Materials Science and Engineering Program
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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40
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Sukegawa H, Nishimura T, Yoshio M, Kajiyama S, Kato T. One-dimensional supramolecular hybrids: self-assembled nanofibrous materials based on a sugar gelator and calcite developed along an unusual axis. CrystEngComm 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Cantaert B, Kuo D, Matsumura S, Nishimura T, Sakamoto T, Kato T. Use of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate for the Design of New Materials. Chempluschem 2016; 82:107-120. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Cantaert
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - David Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; School of Engineering; The University of Tokyo; Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan
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42
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Rodríguez-Navarro C, Ruiz-Agudo E, Harris J, Wolf SE. Nonclassical crystallization in vivo et in vitro (II): Nanogranular features in biomimetic minerals disclose a general colloid-mediated crystal growth mechanism. J Struct Biol 2016; 196:260-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Yaraghi NA, Guarín-Zapata N, Grunenfelder LK, Hintsala E, Bhowmick S, Hiller JM, Betts M, Principe EL, Jung JY, Sheppard L, Wuhrer R, McKittrick J, Zavattieri PD, Kisailus D. A Sinusoidally Architected Helicoidal Biocomposite. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6835-44. [PMID: 27238289 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A fibrous herringbone-modified helicoidal architecture is identified within the exocuticle of an impact-resistant crustacean appendage. This previously unreported composite microstructure, which features highly textured apatite mineral templated by an alpha-chitin matrix, provides enhanced stress redistribution and energy absorption over the traditional helicoidal design under compressive loading. Nanoscale toughening mechanisms are also identified using high-load nanoindentation and in situ transmission electron microscopy picoindentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Yaraghi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Nicolás Guarín-Zapata
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Lessa K Grunenfelder
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Eric Hintsala
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Betts
- TESCAN USA Inc, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA
| | | | - Jae-Young Jung
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Leigh Sheppard
- Advanced Materials Characterization Facility, Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (R&D) Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Richard Wuhrer
- Advanced Materials Characterization Facility, Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (R&D) Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Joanna McKittrick
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pablo D Zavattieri
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - David Kisailus
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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44
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Sobala LF, Adler PN. The Gene Expression Program for the Formation of Wing Cuticle in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006100. [PMID: 27232182 PMCID: PMC4883753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cuticular exoskeleton of insects and other arthropods is a remarkably versatile material with a complex multilayer structure. We made use of the ability to isolate cuticle synthesizing cells in relatively pure form by dissecting pupal wings and we used RNAseq to identify genes expressed during the formation of the adult wing cuticle. We observed dramatic changes in gene expression during cuticle deposition, and combined with transmission electron microscopy, we were able to identify candidate genes for the deposition of the different cuticular layers. Among genes of interest that dramatically change their expression during the cuticle deposition program are ones that encode cuticle proteins, ZP domain proteins, cuticle modifying proteins and transcription factors, as well as genes of unknown function. A striking finding is that mutations in a number of genes that are expressed almost exclusively during the deposition of the envelope (the thin outermost layer that is deposited first) result in gross defects in the procuticle (the thick chitinous layer that is deposited last). An attractive hypothesis to explain this is that the deposition of the different cuticle layers is not independent with the envelope instructing the formation of later layers. Alternatively, some of the genes expressed during the deposition of the envelope could form a platform that is essential for the deposition of all cuticle layers. Insects and other arthropods are an extremely successful group of animals. A unique and key feature of their lifestyle is their chitin containing cuticular exoskeleton, a complex layered material, which remains rather poorly understood for so prominent of a biological material. We have characterized the gene expression pattern of wing epithelial cells over the period of cuticle formation and also carried out transmission electron microscopy, which allows us to identify genes that likely play a role in the formation of different cuticle layers. Functional studies suggest that the deposition of the earliest layer influences the deposition of the later ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz F. Sobala
- Biology Department and Cell Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul N. Adler
- Biology Department and Cell Biology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Zhu B, Merindol R, Benitez AJ, Wang B, Walther A. Supramolecular Engineering of Hierarchically Self-Assembled, Bioinspired, Cholesteric Nanocomposites Formed by Cellulose Nanocrystals and Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11031-40. [PMID: 27067311 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural composites are hierarchically structured by combination of ordered colloidal and molecular length scales. They inspire future, biomimetic, and lightweight nanocomposites, in which extraordinary mechanical properties are in reach by understanding and mastering hierarchical structure formation as tools to engineer multiscale deformation mechanisms. Here we describe a hierarchically self-assembled, cholesteric nanocomposite with well-defined colloid-based helical structure and supramolecular hydrogen bonds engineered on the molecular level in the polymer matrix. We use reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization to synthesize well-defined hydrophilic, nonionic polymers with a varying functionalization density of 4-fold hydrogen-bonding ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) motifs. We show that these copolymers can be coassembled with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), a sustainable, stiff, rod-like reinforcement, to give ordered cholesteric phases with characteristic photonic stop bands. The dimensions of the helical pitch are controlled by the ratio of polymer/CNC, confirming a smooth integration into the colloidal structure. With respect to the effect of the supramolecular motifs, we demonstrate that those regulate the swelling when exposing the biomimetic hybrids to water, and they allow engineering the photonic response. Moreover, the amount of hydrogen bonds and the polymer fraction are decisive in defining the mechanical properties. An Ashby plot comparing previous ordered CNC-based nanocomposites with our new hierarchical ones reveals that molecular engineering allows us to span an unprecedented mechanical property range from highest inelastic deformation (strain up to ∼13%) to highest stiffness (E ∼ 15 GPa) and combinations of both. We envisage that further rational design of the molecular interactions will provide efficient tools for enhancing the multifunctional property profiles of such bioinspired nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Zhu
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Remi Merindol
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alejandro J Benitez
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Baochun Wang
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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46
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Tewes F, Gobbo OL, Ehrhardt C, Healy AM. Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Based-Microparticles for Peptide Pulmonary Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1164-1175. [PMID: 26692360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) is known to interact with proteins, for example, in biogenic ACC, to form stable amorphous phases. The control of amorphous/crystalline and inorganic/organic ratios in inhalable calcium carbonate microparticles may enable particle properties to be adapted to suit the requirements of dry powders for pulmonary delivery by oral inhalation. For example, an amorphous phase can immobilize and stabilize polypeptides in their native structure and amorphous and crystalline phases have different mechanical properties. Therefore, inhalable composite microparticles made of inorganic (i.e., calcium carbonate and calcium formate) and organic (i.e., hyaluronan (HA)) amorphous and crystalline phases were investigated for peptide and protein pulmonary aerosol delivery. The crystalline/amorphous ratio and polymorphic form of the inorganic component was altered by changing the microparticle drying rate and by changing the ammonium carbonate and HA initial concentration. The bioactivity of the model peptide, salmon calcitonin (sCT), coprocessed with alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a model protein with peptidase inhibitor activity, was maintained during processing and the microparticles had excellent aerodynamic properties, making them suitable for pulmonary aerosol delivery. The bioavailability of sCT after aerosol delivery as sCT and AAT-loaded composite microparticles to rats was 4-times higher than that of sCT solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Tewes
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
- INSERM U 1070, Pôle Biologie-Santé, Université de Poitiers , Faculté de Médecine & Pharmacie, 1 Rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
| | - Oliviero L Gobbo
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Healy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
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47
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Natural Composite Systems for Bioinspired Materials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 940:143-166. [PMID: 27677512 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-39196-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
From a relatively limited selection of base materials, nature has steered the development of truly remarkable materials. The simplest and often overlooked organisms have demonstrated the ability to manufacture multi-faceted, molecular-level hierarchical structures that combine mechanical properties rarely seen in synthetic materials. Indeed, these natural composite systems, composed of an array of intricately arranged and functionally relevant organic and inorganic substances serve as inspiration for materials design. A better understanding of these composite systems, specifically at the interface of the hetero-assemblies, would encourage faster development of environmentally friendly "green" materials with molecular level specificities.
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48
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Sato K, Yamauchi A, Ozaki N, Ishigure T, Oaki Y, Imai H. Optical properties of biosilicas in rice plants. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosilicas in rice plants control transmission of light for the promotion of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Sato
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Noriaki Ozaki
- Department of Biotechnology
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences
- Akita Prefectural University
- Akita 010-0195
- Japan
| | - Takaaki Ishigure
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Center for Material Design Science
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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49
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Wang B, Walther A. Self-Assembled, Iridescent, Crustacean-Mimetic Nanocomposites with Tailored Periodicity and Layered Cuticular Structure. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10637-46. [PMID: 26372330 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural high-performance materials inspire the pursuit of ordered hard/soft nanocomposite structures at high fractions of reinforcements and with balanced molecular interactions. Herein, we develop a facile, waterborne self-assembly pathway to mimic the multiscale cuticle structure of the crustacean armor by combining hard reinforcing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with soft poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). We show iridescent CNC nanocomposites with cholesteric liquid-crystal structure, in which different helical pitches and photonic band gaps can be realized by varying the CNC/PVA ratio. We further show that multilayered crustacean-mimetic materials with tailored periodicity and layered cuticular structure can be obtained by sequential preparation pathways. The transition from a cholesteric to a disordered structure occurs for a critical polymer concentration. Correspondingly, we find a transition from stiff and strong mechanical behavior to materials with increasing ductility. Crack propagation studies using scanning electron microscopy visualize the different crack growth and toughening mechanisms inside cholesteric nanocomposites as a function of the interstitial polymer content for the first time. Different extents of crack deflection, layered delamination, ligament bridging, and constrained microcracking can be observed. Drawing of highly plasticized films sheds light on the mechanistic details of the transition from a cholesteric/chiral nematic to a nematic structure. The study demonstrates how self-assembly of biobased CNCs in combination with suitable polymers can be used to replicate a hierarchical biological structure and how future design of these ordered multifunctional nanocomposites can be optimized by understanding mechanistic details of deformation and fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochun Wang
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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50
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Matsumura S, Kajiyama S, Nishimura T, Kato T. Formation of Helically Structured Chitin/CaCO3 Hybrids through an Approach Inspired by the Biomineralization Processes of Crustacean Cuticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5127-33. [PMID: 26192070 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201501083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitin/CaCO3 hybrids with helical structures are formed through a biomineralization-inspired crystallization process under ambient conditions. Liquid-crystalline chitin whiskers are used as helically ordered templates. The liquid-crystalline structures are stabilized by acidic polymer networks which interact with the chitin templates. The crystallization of CaCO3 is conducted by soaking the templates in the colloidal suspension of amorphous CaCO3 (ACC) at room temperature. At the initial stage of crystallization, ACC particles are introduced inside the templates, and they crystallize to CaCO3 nanocrystals. The acidic polymer networks induce CaCO3 crystallization. The characterization of the resultant hybrids reveals that they possess helical order and homogeneous hybrid structures of chitin and CaCO3 , which resemble the structure and composition of the exoskeleton of crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Matsumura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kajiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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