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Jacobs MN, Hoffmann S, Hollnagel HM, Kern P, Kolle SN, Natsch A, Landsiedel R. Avoiding a reproducibility crisis in regulatory toxicology-on the fundamental role of ring trials. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2047-2063. [PMID: 38689008 PMCID: PMC11169035 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing transition from chemical hazard and risk assessment based on animal studies to assessment relying mostly on non-animal data, requires a multitude of novel experimental methods, and this means that guidance on the validation and standardisation of test methods intended for international applicability and acceptance, needs to be updated. These so-called new approach methodologies (NAMs) must be applicable to the chemical regulatory domain and provide reliable data which are relevant to hazard and risk assessment. Confidence in and use of NAMs will depend on their reliability and relevance, and both are thoroughly assessed by validation. Validation is, however, a time- and resource-demanding process. As updates on validation guidance are conducted, the valuable components must be kept: Reliable data are and will remain fundamental. In 2016, the scientific community was made aware of the general crisis in scientific reproducibility-validated methods must not fall into this. In this commentary, we emphasize the central importance of ring trials in the validation of experimental methods. Ring trials are sometimes considered to be a major hold-up with little value added to the validation. Here, we clarify that ring trials are indispensable to demonstrate the robustness and reproducibility of a new method. Further, that methods do fail in method transfer and ring trials due to different stumbling blocks, but these provide learnings to ensure the robustness of new methods. At the same time, we identify what it would take to perform ring trials more efficiently, and how ring trials fit into the much-needed update to the guidance on the validation of NAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam N Jacobs
- Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards (RCE), Department of Toxicology, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | | | | | - Petra Kern
- Procter & Gamble Services Company NV, Strombeek-Bever, Belgium
| | - Susanne N Kolle
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | | | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
- Free University of Berlin, Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Groenewold M, Bleeker EAJ, Noorlander CW, Sips AJAM, van der Zee M, Aitken RJ, Baker JH, Bakker MI, Bouman EA, Doak SH, Drobne D, Dumit VI, Florin MV, Fransman W, Gonzalez MM, Heunisch E, Isigonis P, Jeliazkova N, Jensen KA, Kuhlbusch T, Lynch I, Morrison M, Porcari A, Rodríguez-Llopis I, Pozuelo BM, Resch S, Säämänen AJ, Serchi T, Soeteman-Hernandez LG, Willighagen E, Dusinska M, Scott-Fordsmand JJ. Governance of advanced materials: Shaping a safe and sustainable future. NANOIMPACT 2024; 35:100513. [PMID: 38821170 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades of managing the uncertain risks associated with nanomaterials have provided valuable insights (knowledge gaps, tools, methods, etc.) that are equally important to promote safe and sustainable development and use of advanced materials. Based on these insights, the current paper proposes several actions to optimize the risk and sustainability governance of advanced materials. We emphasise the importance of establishing a European approach for risk and sustainability governance of advanced materials as soon as possible to keep up with the pace of innovation and to manage uncertainty among regulators, industry, SMEs and the public, regarding potential risks and impacts of advanced materials. Coordination of safe and sustainable advanced material research efforts, and data management according to the Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR) principles will enhance the generation of regulatory-relevant knowledge. This knowledge is crucial to identify whether current regulatory standardised and harmonised test methods are adequate to assess advanced materials. At the same time, there is urgent need for responsible innovation beyond regulatory compliance which can be promoted through the Safe and Sustainable Innovation Approach. that combines the Safe and Sustainable by Design concept with Regulatory Preparedness, supported by a trusted environment. We further recommend consolidating all efforts and networks related to the risk and sustainability governance of advanced materials in a single, easy-to-use digital portal. Given the anticipated complexity and tremendous efforts required, we identified the need of establishing an organisational structure dedicated to aligning the fast technological developments in advanced materials with proper risk and sustainability governance. Involvement of multiple stakeholders in a trusted environment ensures a coordinated effort towards the safe and sustainable development, production, and use of advanced materials. The existing infrastructures and network of experts involved in the governance of nanomaterials would form a solid foundation for such an organisational structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Groenewold
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Eric A J Bleeker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelle W Noorlander
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Adriënne J A M Sips
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robert J Aitken
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James H Baker
- Nanotechnology Industries Association (NIA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martine I Bakker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Evert A Bouman
- The Climate and Environmental Research Institute (NILU), Department of Environmental Chemistry and Health, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Swansea University, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Sciences, SA2 8PP, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Verónica I Dumit
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Mar M Gonzalez
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Heunisch
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAUA), Dortmund/ Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Kuhlbusch
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAUA), Dortmund/ Berlin, Germany
| | - Iseult Lynch
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Porcari
- Italian Association for Industrial Research (AIRI), Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - Susanne Resch
- BioNanoNet Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tommaso Serchi
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Lya G Soeteman-Hernandez
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Egon Willighagen
- Maastricht University, Dept of Bioinformatics - BiGCaT, NUTRIM, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Dusinska
- The Climate and Environmental Research Institute (NILU), Department of Environmental Chemistry and Health, Kjeller, Norway
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3
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Henriquez JE, Badwaik VD, Bianchi E, Chen W, Corvaro M, LaRocca J, Lunsman TD, Zu C, Johnson KJ. From Pipeline to Plant Protection Products: Using New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in Agrochemical Safety Assessment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10710-10724. [PMID: 38688008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The human population will be approximately 9.7 billion by 2050, and food security has been identified as one of the key issues facing the global population. Agrochemicals are an important tool available to farmers that enable high crop yields and continued access to healthy foods, but the average new agrochemical active ingredient takes more than ten years, 350 million dollars, and 20,000 animals to develop and register. The time, monetary, and animal costs incentivize the use of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in early-stage screening to prioritize chemical candidates. This review outlines NAMs that are currently available or can be adapted for use in early-stage screening agrochemical programs. It covers new in vitro screens that are on the horizon in key areas of regulatory concern. Overall, early-stage screening with NAMs enables the prioritization of development for agrochemicals without human and environmental health concerns through a more directed, agile, and iterative development program before animal-based regulatory testing is even considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek D Badwaik
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Enrica Bianchi
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | | | - Jessica LaRocca
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | | | - Chengli Zu
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Kamin J Johnson
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
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Chivé C, Mc Cord C, Sanchez-Guzman D, Brookes O, Joseph P, Lai Kuen R, Phan G, Baeza-Squiban A, Devineau S, Boland S. 3D model of the bronchial epithelial barrier to study repeated exposure to xenobiotics: Application to silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 103:104281. [PMID: 37742817 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
There is still a lack of in vitro human models to evaluate the chronic toxicity of drugs and environmental pollutants. Here, we used a 3D model of the human bronchial epithelium to assess repeated exposures to xenobiotics. The Calu-3 human bronchial cell line was exposed to silver nanoparticles (AgNP) 5 times during 12 days, at the air-liquid interface, to mimic single and repeated exposure to inhaled particles. Repeated exposures induced a stronger induction of the metal stress response and a steady oxidative stress over time. A sustained translocation of silver was observed after each exposure without any loss of the epithelial barrier integrity. The proteomic analysis of the mucus revealed changes in the secreted protein profiles associated with the epithelial immune response after repeated exposures only. These results demonstrate that advanced in vitro models are efficient to investigate the adaptive response of human cells submitted to repeated xenobiotic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Chivé
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Claire Mc Cord
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Guzman
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Oliver Brookes
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Prinitha Joseph
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - René Lai Kuen
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMS 025-CNRS UMS 3612, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Phan
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LRSI - plateforme Paterson, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Armelle Baeza-Squiban
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, F-75013 Paris, France.
| | - Stéphanie Devineau
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sonja Boland
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, F-75013 Paris, France
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5
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Tahri S, Maarof M, Masri S, Che Man R, Masmoudi H, Fauzi MB. Human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts interactions seeded on gelatin hydrogel for future application in skin in vitro 3-dimensional model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1200618. [PMID: 37425369 PMCID: PMC10326847 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1200618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Plenty of biomaterials have been studied for their application in skin tissue engineering. Currently, gelatin-hydrogel is used to support three-dimensional (3D) skin in vitro models. However, mimicking the human body conditions and properties remains a challenge and gelatin-hydrogels have low mechanical properties and undergo rapid degradation rendering them not suitable for 3D in vitro cell culture. Nevertheless, changing the concentration of hydrogels could overcome this issue. Thus, we aim to investigate the potential of gelatin hydrogel with different concentrations crosslinked with genipin to promote human epidermal keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts culture to develop a 3D-in vitro skin model replacing animal models. Methods: Briefly, the composite gelatin hydrogels were fabricated using different concentrations as follows 3%, 5%, 8%, and 10% crosslinked with 0.1% genipin or non-crosslinked. Both physical and chemical properties were evaluated. Results and discussion: The crosslinked scaffolds showed better properties, including porosity and hydrophilicity, and genipin was found to enhance the physical properties. Furthermore, no alteration was prominent in both formulations of CL_GEL 5% and CL_GEL8% after genipin modification. The biocompatibility assays showed that all groups promoted cell attachment, cell viability, and cell migration except for the CL_GEL10% group. The CL_GEL5% and CL_GEL8% groups were selected to develop a bi-layer 3D-in vitro skin model. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) and hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) were performed on day 7, 14, and 21 to evaluate the reepithelization of the skin constructs. However, despite satisfactory biocompatibility properties, neither of the selected formulations, CL_GEL 5% and CL_GEL 8%, proved adequate for creating a bi-layer 3D in-vitro skin model. While this study provides valuable insights into the potential of gelatin hydrogels, further research is needed to address the challenges associated with their use in developing 3D skin models for testing and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Tahri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Research Laboratory LR12SP18 “Autoimmunity, Cancer, and Immunogenetics”, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manira Maarof
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syafira Masri
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaina Che Man
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hatem Masmoudi
- Research Laboratory LR12SP18 “Autoimmunity, Cancer, and Immunogenetics”, University Hospital Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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6
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Portugal-Cohen M, Cohen D, Kohen R, Oron M. Exploitation of alternative skin models from academia to industry: proposed functional categories to answer needs and regulation demands. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1215266. [PMID: 37334052 PMCID: PMC10272927 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1215266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dror Cohen
- DermAb.io, Haifa, Israel
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The Myers Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Magurany KA, Chang X, Clewell R, Coecke S, Haugabrooks E, Marty S. A Pragmatic Framework for the Application of New Approach Methodologies in One Health Toxicological Risk Assessment. Toxicol Sci 2023; 192:kfad012. [PMID: 36782355 PMCID: PMC10109535 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, industries and regulatory authorities are faced with an urgent need to assess the potential adverse effects of chemicals more efficiently by embracing new approach methodologies (NAMs). NAMs include cell and tissue methods (in vitro), structure-based/toxicokinetic models (in silico), methods that assess toxicant interactions with biological macromolecules (in chemico), and alternative models. Increasing knowledge on chemical toxicokinetics (what the body does with chemicals) and toxicodynamics (what the chemicals do with the body) obtained from in silico and in vitro systems continues to provide opportunities for modernizing chemical risk assessments. However, directly leveraging in vitro and in silico data for derivation of human health-based reference values has not received regulatory acceptance due to uncertainties in extrapolating NAM results to human populations, including metabolism, complex biological pathways, multiple exposures, interindividual susceptibility and vulnerable populations. The objective of this article is to provide a standardized pragmatic framework that applies integrated approaches with a focus on quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) to extrapolate in vitro cellular exposures to human equivalent doses from which human reference values can be derived. The proposed framework intends to systematically account for the complexities in extrapolation and data interpretation to support sound human health safety decisions in diverse industrial sectors (food systems, cosmetics, industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals etc.). Case studies of chemical entities, using new and existing data, are presented to demonstrate the utility of the proposed framework while highlighting potential sources of human population bias and uncertainty, and the importance of Good Method and Reporting Practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rebecca Clewell
- 21st Century Tox Consulting, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27517, USA
| | - Sandra Coecke
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - Esther Haugabrooks
- Coca-Cola Company (formerly Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine), Atlanta, Georgia 30313, USA
| | - Sue Marty
- The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, USA
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Bannuscher A, Schmid O, Drasler B, Rohrbasser A, Braakhuis HM, Meldrum K, Zwart EP, Gremmer ER, Birk B, Rissel M, Landsiedel R, Moschini E, Evans SJ, Kumar P, Orak S, Doryab A, Erdem JS, Serchi T, Vandebriel RJ, Cassee FR, Doak SH, Petri-Fink A, Zienolddiny S, Clift MJD, Rothen-Rutishauser B. An inter-laboratory effort to harmonize the cell-delivered in vitro dose of aerosolized materials. NANOIMPACT 2022; 28:100439. [PMID: 36402283 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air-liquid interface (ALI) lung cell models cultured on permeable transwell inserts are increasingly used for respiratory hazard assessment requiring controlled aerosolization and deposition of any material on ALI cells. The approach presented herein aimed to assess the transwell insert-delivered dose of aerosolized materials using the VITROCELL® Cloud12 system, a commercially available aerosol-cell exposure system. An inter-laboratory comparison study was conducted with seven European partners having different levels of experience with the VITROCELL® Cloud12. A standard operating procedure (SOP) was developed and applied by all partners for aerosolized delivery of materials, i.e., a water-soluble molecular substance (fluorescence-spiked salt) and two poorly soluble particles, crystalline silica quartz (DQ12) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NM-105). The material dose delivered to transwell inserts was quantified with spectrofluorometry (fluorescein) and with the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) integrated in the VITROCELL® Cloud12 system. The shape and agglomeration state of the deposited particles were confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inter-laboratory comparison of the device-specific performance was conducted in two steps, first for molecular substances (fluorescein-spiked salt), and then for particles. Device- and/or handling-specific differences in aerosol deposition of VITROCELL® Cloud12 systems were characterized in terms of the so-called deposition factor (DF), which allows for prediction of the transwell insert-deposited particle dose from the particle concentration in the aerosolized suspension. Albeit DF varied between the different labs from 0.39 to 0.87 (mean (coefficient of variation (CV)): 0.64 (28%)), the QCM of each VITROCELL® Cloud 12 system accurately measured the respective transwell insert-deposited dose. Aerosolized delivery of DQ12 and TiO2 NM-105 particles showed good linearity (R2 > 0.95) between particle concentration of the aerosolized suspension and QCM-determined insert-delivered particle dose. The VITROCELL® Cloud 12 performance for DQ12 particles was identical to that for fluorescein-spiked salt, i.e., the ratio of measured and salt-predicted dose was 1.0 (29%). On the other hand, a ca. 2-fold reduced dose was observed for TiO2 NM-105 (0.54 (41%)), which was likely due to partial retention of TiO2 NM-105 agglomerates in the vibrating mesh nebulizer of the VITROCELL® Cloud12. This inter-laboratory comparison demonstrates that the QCM integrated in the VITROCELL® Cloud 12 is a reliable tool for dosimetry, which accounts for potential variations of the transwell insert-delivered dose due to device-, handling- and/or material-specific effects. With the detailed protocol presented herein, all seven partner laboratories were able to demonstrate dose-controlled aerosolization of material suspensions using the VITROCELL® Cloud12 exposure system at dose levels relevant for observing in vitro hazard responses. This is an important step towards regulatory approved implementation of ALI lung cell cultures for in vitro hazard assessment of aerosolized materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bannuscher
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Helmholtz Zentrum München - Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Drasler
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alain Rohrbasser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hedwig M Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Edwin P Zwart
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Eric R Gremmer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Birk
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Manuel Rissel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany; Free University of Berlin, Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L4422 Belvaux, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Stephen J Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Helmholtz Zentrum München - Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sezer Orak
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Helmholtz Zentrum München - Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ali Doryab
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Helmholtz Zentrum München - Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany; Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Tommaso Serchi
- Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L4422 Belvaux, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Rob J Vandebriel
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences, Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
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Quality criteria for in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-derived models of tissue-based cells. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:36-50. [PMID: 35697279 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The advent of the technology to isolate or generate human pluripotent stem cells provided the potential to develop a wide range of human models that could enhance understanding of mechanisms underlying human development and disease. These systems are now beginning to mature and provide the basis for the development of in vitro assays suitable to understand the biological processes involved in the multi-organ systems of the human body, and will improve strategies for diagnosis, prevention, therapies and precision medicine. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines are prone to phenotypic and genotypic changes and donor/clone dependent variability, which means that it is important to identify the most appropriate characterization markers and quality control measures when sourcing new cell lines and assessing differentiated cell and tissue culture preparations for experimental work. This paper considers those core quality control measures for human pluripotent stem cell lines and evaluates the state of play in the development of key functional markers for their differentiated cell derivatives to promote assurance of reproducibility of scientific data derived from pluripotent stem cell-based systems.
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Doak SH, Clift MJD, Costa A, Delmaar C, Gosens I, Halappanavar S, Kelly S, Pejinenburg WJGM, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Schins RPF, Stone V, Tran L, Vijver MG, Vogel U, Wohlleben W, Cassee FR. The Road to Achieving the European Commission's Chemicals Strategy for Nanomaterial Sustainability-A PATROLS Perspective on New Approach Methodologies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200231. [PMID: 35324067 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The European Green Deal outlines ambitions to build a more sustainable, climate neutral, and circular economy by 2050. To achieve this, the European Commission has published the Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability: Towards a Toxic-Free Environment, which provides targets for innovation to better protect human and environmental health, including challenges posed by hazardous chemicals and animal testing. The European project PATROLS (Physiologically Anchored Tools for Realistic nanOmateriaL hazard aSsessment) has addressed multiple aspects of the Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability by establishing a battery of new approach methodologies, including physiologically anchored human and environmental hazard assessment tools to evaluate the safety of engineered nanomaterials. PATROLS has delivered and improved innovative tools to support regulatory decision-making processes. These tools also support the need for reducing regulated vertebrate animal testing; when used at an early stage of the innovation pipeline, the PATROLS tools facilitate the safe and sustainable development of new nano-enabled products before they reach the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareen H Doak
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Anna Costa
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, CNR-ISTEC-National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, Italy
| | - Christiaan Delmaar
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Netherlands, PO box 1, Bilthoven, 3720, the Netherlands
| | - Ilse Gosens
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Netherlands, PO box 1, Bilthoven, 3720, the Netherlands
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, K1A0K9, Canada
| | - Sean Kelly
- Nanotechnology Industries Association, Avenue Tervueren 143, Brussels, 1150, Belgium
| | - Willie J G M Pejinenburg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Netherlands, PO box 1, Bilthoven, 3720, the Netherlands
- Leiden University, PO Box 9518, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | | | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vicki Stone
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, Scotland, EH14 4AP, UK
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Leiden University, PO Box 9518, Leiden, 2300 RA, the Netherlands
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Advanced Materials Research, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Flemming R Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment Netherlands, PO box 1, Bilthoven, 3720, the Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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11
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Jin S, Oh YN, Son YR, Kwon B, Park JH, Gang MJ, Kim BW, Kwon HJ. Three-Dimensional Skin Tissue Printing with Human Skin Cell Lines and Mouse Skin-Derived Epidermal and Dermal Cells. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:238-247. [PMID: 34949744 PMCID: PMC9628848 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2111.11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the skin covers most surfaces of the body, it is susceptible to damage, which can be fatal depending on the degree of injury to the skin because it defends against external attack and protects internal structures. Various types of artificial skin are being studied for transplantation to repair damaged skin, and recently, the production of replaceable skin using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology has also been investigated. In this study, skin tissue was produced using a 3D bioprinter with human skin cell lines and cells extracted from mouse skin, and the printing conditions were optimized. Gelatin was used as a bioink, and fibrinogen and alginate were used for tissue hardening after printing. Printed skin tissue maintained a survival rate of 90% or more when cultured for 14 days. Culture conditions were established using 8 mM calcium chloride treatment and the skin tissue was exposed to air to optimize epidermal cell differentiation. The skin tissue was cultured for 14 days after differentiation induction by this optimized culture method, and immunofluorescent staining was performed using epidermal cell differentiation markers to investigate whether the epidermal cells had differentiated. After differentiation, loricrin, which is normally found in terminally differentiated epidermal cells, was observed in the cells at the tip of the epidermal layer, and cytokeratin 14 was expressed in the lower cells of the epidermis layer. Collectively, this study may provide optimized conditions for bioprinting and keratinization for three-dimensional skin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojung Jin
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - You Na Oh
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Son
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Boguen Kwon
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-ha Park
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Min jeong Gang
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,
B.W. Kim Phone: +82-51-890-2900 Fax: +82-505-182-6951 E-mail:
| | - Hyun Ju Kwon
- Core-Facility Center for Tissue Regeneration, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Biopharmaceutical Engineering Major, Division of Applied Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Blue-Bio Industry Regional Innovation Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors H.J. Kwon Phone: +82-51-890-4471 Fax: +82-505-182-6871 E-mail:
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12
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Elberskirch L, Binder K, Riefler N, Sofranko A, Liebing J, Minella CB, Mädler L, Razum M, van Thriel C, Unfried K, Schins RPF, Kraegeloh A. Digital research data: from analysis of existing standards to a scientific foundation for a modular metadata schema in nanosafety. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:1. [PMID: 34983569 PMCID: PMC8728981 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the safety of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is an interdisciplinary and complex process producing huge amounts of information and data. To make such data and metadata reusable for researchers, manufacturers, and regulatory authorities, there is an urgent need to record and provide this information in a structured, harmonized, and digitized way. RESULTS This study aimed to identify appropriate description standards and quality criteria for the special use in nanosafety. There are many existing standards and guidelines designed for collecting data and metadata, ranging from regulatory guidelines to specific databases. Most of them are incomplete or not specifically designed for ENM research. However, by merging the content of several existing standards and guidelines, a basic catalogue of descriptive information and quality criteria was generated. In an iterative process, our interdisciplinary team identified deficits and added missing information into a comprehensive schema. Subsequently, this overview was externally evaluated by a panel of experts during a workshop. This whole process resulted in a minimum information table (MIT), specifying necessary minimum information to be provided along with experimental results on effects of ENMs in the biological context in a flexible and modular manner. The MIT is divided into six modules: general information, material information, biological model information, exposure information, endpoint read out information and analysis and statistics. These modules are further partitioned into module subdivisions serving to include more detailed information. A comparison with existing ontologies, which also aim to electronically collect data and metadata on nanosafety studies, showed that the newly developed MIT exhibits a higher level of detail compared to those existing schemas, making it more usable to prevent gaps in the communication of information. CONCLUSION Implementing the requirements of the MIT into e.g., electronic lab notebooks (ELNs) would make the collection of all necessary data and metadata a daily routine and thereby would improve the reproducibility and reusability of experiments. Furthermore, this approach is particularly beneficial regarding the rapidly expanding developments and applications of novel non-animal alternative testing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Elberskirch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kunigunde Binder
- FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76133, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Norbert Riefler
- IWT - Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Adriana Sofranko
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Liebing
- IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Bonatto Minella
- FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76133, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lutz Mädler
- IWT - Leibniz-Institut für Werkstofforientierte Technologien, Badgasteiner Str. 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Razum
- FIZ Karlsruhe - Leibniz Institute for Information Infrastructure, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76133, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystraße 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Klaus Unfried
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Kraegeloh
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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