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Zhang Y, He Y, Dai C, Zhou Z, Miao Y, Zhao Z, Lei Q, Li C, Wang C, Deng H. Generation of dual-attribute iTNK cells from hPSCs for cancer immunotherapy. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2024:100843. [PMID: 39216483 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2024.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Dual-attribute immune cells possess advantageous features of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and hold promise for advancing immunotherapy. Dual-attribute cell types such as invariant natural killer T cells, induced T-to-NK cells, and cytokine-induced killer cells have demonstrated efficacy and safety in preclinical and clinical studies. However, their limited availability hinders their widespread application. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer an ideal source. Here, we generate dual-attribute induced T-NK (iTNK) cells from hPSCs, expressing markers of both cytotoxic T and NK cells. Single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing analyses reveal that iTNK cells expressed signature genes associated with both NK and T cells and displayed a diverse TCR repertoire. iTNK cells release cytotoxic mediators, exert cytotoxicity against diverse tumor cell lines, and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. By harnessing adaptive and innate immune responses, hPSC-derived iTNK cells offer promising strategies for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenyi Dai
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yudi Miao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zixin Zhao
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qi Lei
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China.
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Chandy M, Hill T, Jimenez-Tellez N, Wu JC, Sarles SE, Hensel E, Wang Q, Rahman I, Conklin DJ. Addressing Cardiovascular Toxicity Risk of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems in the Twenty-First Century: "What Are the Tools Needed for the Job?" and "Do We Have Them?". Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:435-471. [PMID: 38555547 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09850-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is positively and robustly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke, thromboembolism, myocardial infarctions, and heart failure. However, after more than a decade of ENDS presence in the U.S. marketplace, uncertainty persists regarding the long-term health consequences of ENDS use for CVD. New approach methods (NAMs) in the field of toxicology are being developed to enhance rapid prediction of human health hazards. Recent technical advances can now consider impact of biological factors such as sex and race/ethnicity, permitting application of NAMs findings to health equity and environmental justice issues. This has been the case for hazard assessments of drugs and environmental chemicals in areas such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and developmental toxicity. Despite these advances, a shortage of widely accepted methodologies to predict the impact of ENDS use on human health slows the application of regulatory oversight and the protection of public health. Minimizing the time between the emergence of risk (e.g., ENDS use) and the administration of well-founded regulatory policy requires thoughtful consideration of the currently available sources of data, their applicability to the prediction of health outcomes, and whether these available data streams are enough to support an actionable decision. This challenge forms the basis of this white paper on how best to reveal potential toxicities of ENDS use in the human cardiovascular system-a primary target of conventional tobacco smoking. We identify current approaches used to evaluate the impacts of tobacco on cardiovascular health, in particular emerging techniques that replace, reduce, and refine slower and more costly animal models with NAMs platforms that can be applied to tobacco regulatory science. The limitations of these emerging platforms are addressed, and systems biology approaches to close the knowledge gap between traditional models and NAMs are proposed. It is hoped that these suggestions and their adoption within the greater scientific community will result in fresh data streams that will support and enhance the scientific evaluation and subsequent decision-making of tobacco regulatory agencies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Chandy
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, N6A 5K8, Canada
| | - Thomas Hill
- Division of Nonclinical Science, Center for Tobacco Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Nerea Jimenez-Tellez
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - S Emma Sarles
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Edward Hensel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiometabolic Science, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston St., Delia Baxter, Rm. 404E, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
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3
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Feng L, Wang Y, Fu Y, Li T, He G. Stem Cell-Based Strategies: The Future Direction of Bioartificial Liver Development. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:601-616. [PMID: 38170319 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10672-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) results from severe liver damage or end-stage liver disease. It is extremely fatal and causes serious health and economic burdens worldwide. Once ALF occurs, liver transplantation (LT) is the only definitive and recommended treatment; however, LT is limited by the scarcity of liver grafts. Consequently, the clinical use of bioartificial liver (BAL) has been proposed as a treatment strategy for ALF. Human primary hepatocytes are an ideal cell source for these methods. However, their high demand and superior viability prevent their widespread use. Hence, finding alternatives that meet the seed cell quality and quantity requirements is imperative. Stem cells with self-renewing, immunogenic, and differentiative capacities are potential cell sources. MSCs and its secretomes encompass a spectrum of beneficial properties, such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-ROS (reactive oxygen species), anti-apoptotic, pro-metabolomic, anti-fibrogenesis, and pro-regenerative attributes. This review focused on the recent status and future directions of stem cell-based strategies in BAL for ALF. Additionally, we discussed the opportunities and challenges associated with promoting such strategies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanxi Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510140, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guolin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China.
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Wang J, Zhang X, Chen H, Ren H, Zhou M, Zhao Y. Engineered stem cells by emerging biomedical stratagems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:248-279. [PMID: 38101962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy holds immense potential as a viable treatment for a widespread range of intractable disorders. As the safety of stem cell transplantation having been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials, various kinds of stem cells are currently utilized in medical applications. Despite the achievements, the therapeutic benefits of stem cells for diseases are limited, and the data of clinical researches are unstable. To optimize tthe effectiveness of stem cells, engineering approaches have been developed to enhance their inherent abilities and impart them with new functionalities, paving the way for the next generation of stem cell therapies. This review offers a detailed analysis of engineered stem cells, including their clinical applications and potential for future development. We begin by briefly introducing the recent advances in the production of stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)). Furthermore, we present the latest developments of engineered strategies in stem cells, including engineered methods in molecular biology and biomaterial fields, and their application in biomedical research. Finally, we summarize the current obstacles and suggest future prospects for engineered stem cells in clinical translations and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China; Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Southeast University, Shenzhen 518038, China.
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5
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Santa Cruz-Pavlovich FJ, Bolaños-Chang AJ, Del Rio-Murillo XI, Aranda-Preciado GA, Razura-Ruiz EM, Santos A, Navarro-Partida J. Beyond Vision: An Overview of Regenerative Medicine and Its Current Applications in Ophthalmological Care. Cells 2024; 13:179. [PMID: 38247870 PMCID: PMC10814238 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) has emerged as a promising and revolutionary solution to address a range of unmet needs in healthcare, including ophthalmology. Moreover, RM takes advantage of the body's innate ability to repair and replace pathologically affected tissues. On the other hand, despite its immense promise, RM faces challenges such as ethical concerns, host-related immune responses, and the need for additional scientific validation, among others. The primary aim of this review is to present a high-level overview of current strategies in the domain of RM (cell therapy, exosomes, scaffolds, in vivo reprogramming, organoids, and interspecies chimerism), centering around the field of ophthalmology. A search conducted on clinicaltrials.gov unveiled a total of at least 209 interventional trials related to RM within the ophthalmological field. Among these trials, there were numerous early-phase studies, including phase I, I/II, II, II/III, and III trials. Many of these studies demonstrate potential in addressing previously challenging and degenerative eye conditions, spanning from posterior segment pathologies like Age-related Macular Degeneration and Retinitis Pigmentosa to anterior structure diseases such as Dry Eye Disease and Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Notably, these therapeutic approaches offer tailored solutions specific to the underlying causes of each pathology, thus allowing for the hopeful possibility of bringing forth a treatment for ocular diseases that previously seemed incurable and significantly enhancing patients' quality of life. As advancements in research and technology continue to unfold, future objectives should focus on ensuring the safety and prolonged viability of transplanted cells, devising efficient delivery techniques, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Santa Cruz-Pavlovich
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Andres J. Bolaños-Chang
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Ximena I. Del Rio-Murillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Esmeralda M. Razura-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Jose Navarro-Partida
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (F.J.S.C.-P.); (A.J.B.-C.); (X.I.D.R.-M.); (E.M.R.-R.); (A.S.)
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Zhou F, Tan P, Liu S, Chang L, Yang J, Sun M, Guo Y, Si Y, Wang D, Yu J, Ma Y. Subcellular RNA distribution and its change during human embryonic stem cell differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:126-140. [PMID: 38134924 PMCID: PMC10828685 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial localization of RNA within cells is closely related to its function and also involved in cell fate determination. However, the atlas of RNA distribution within cells and dynamic changes during the developmental process are largely unknown. In this study, five subcellular components, including cytoplasmic extract, membrane extract, soluble nuclear extract, chromatin-bound nuclear extract, and cytoskeletal extract, were isolated and the rules of subcellular RNA distribution in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and its change during hESC differentiation are summarized for the first time. The overall distribution patterns of coding and non-coding RNAs are revealed. Interestingly, some developmental genes are found to be transcribed but confined to the chromatin in undifferentiated hESC. Unexpectedly, alternative splicing and polyadenylation endow spatial heterogeneity among different isoforms of the same gene. Finally, the dynamic pattern of RNA distribution during hESC differentiation is characterized, which provides new clues for a comprehensive understanding hESC pluripotency and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Puwen Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Le Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yanni Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Haihe laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Rajput S, Malviya R, Uniyal P. Advances in the Treatment of Kidney Disorders using Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:825-840. [PMID: 38482624 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128296105240305110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Renal disease is a medical condition that poses a potential threat to the life of an individual and is related to substantial morbidity and mortality rates in clinical environments. The aetiology of this condition is influenced by multiple factors, and its incidence tends to increase with progressive aging. Although supportive therapy and kidney transplantation have potential advantages, they also have limitations in terms of mitigating the progression of KD. Despite significant advancements in the domain of supportive therapy, mortality rates in patients continue to increase. Due to their ability to self-renew and multidirectionally differentiate, stem cell therapy has been shown to have tremendous potential in the repair of the diseased kidney. MSCs (Mesenchymal stem cells) are a cell population that is extensively distributed and can be located in various niches throughout an individual's lifespan. The cells in question are characterised by their potential for indefinite replication and their aptitude for undergoing differentiation into fully developed cells of mesodermal origin under laboratory conditions. It is essential to emphasize that MSCs have demonstrated a favorable safety profile and efficacy as a therapeutic intervention for renal diseases in both preclinical as well as clinical investigations. MSCs have been found to slow the advancement of kidney disease, and this impact is thought to be due to their control over a number of physiological processes, including immunological response, tubular epithelial- mesenchymal transition, oxidative stress, renal tubular cell death, and angiogenesis. In addition, MSCs demonstrate recognised effectiveness in managing both acute and chronic kidney diseases via paracrine pathways. The proposal to utilise a therapy that is based on stem-cells as an effective treatment has been put forward in search of discovering novel therapies to promote renal regeneration. Preclinical researchers have demonstrated that various types of stem cells can provide advantages in acute and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, preliminary results from clinical trials have suggested that these interventions are both safe and well-tolerated. This manuscript provides a brief overview of the potential renoprotective effects of stem cell-based treatments in acute as well as chronic renal dysfunction. Furthermore, the mechanisms that govern the process of kidney regeneration induced by stem cells are investigated. This article will examine the therapeutic approaches that make use of stem cells for the treatment of kidney disorders. The analysis will cover various cellular sources that have been utilised, potential mechanisms involved, and the outcomes that have been achieved so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
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Roets B. Potential application of PBM use in hair follicle organoid culture for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100851. [PMID: 38024838 PMCID: PMC10663892 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia is a hereditary condition of pattern hair loss in genetically susceptible individuals. The condition has a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, with decreased self-esteem, body image issues and depression being the main effects. Various conventional treatment options, such as minoxidil, finasteride and herbal supplements, aim to slow down hair loss and promote hair growth. However, due to the chronic nature of the condition the financial cost of treatment for androgenic alopecia is very high and conventional treatment options are not universally effective and come with a host of side effects. Therefore, to address the limitations of current treatment options a novel regenerative treatment option is required. One promising approach is organoids, organoids are 3D cell aggregates with similar structures and functions to a target organ. Hair follicle organoids can be developed in vitro. However, the main challenges are to maintain the cell populations within the organoid in a proliferative and inductive state, as well as to promote the maturation of organoids. Photobiomodulation is a form of light therapy that stimulates endogenous chromophores. PBM has been shown to improve cell viability, proliferation, migration, differentiation and gene expression in dermal papilla cells and hair follicle stem cells. Therefore, photobiomodulation is a potential adjunct to hair follicle organoid culture to improve the proliferation and inductive capacity of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon Roets
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
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9
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Chepeleva EV. Cell Therapy in the Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16844. [PMID: 38069167 PMCID: PMC10706847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of death in patients who have suffered a myocardial infarction. Despite the timely use of modern reperfusion therapies such as thrombolysis, surgical revascularization and balloon angioplasty, they are sometimes unable to prevent the development of significant areas of myocardial damage and subsequent heart failure. Research efforts have focused on developing strategies to improve the functional status of myocardial injury areas. Consequently, the restoration of cardiac function using cell therapy is an exciting prospect. This review describes the characteristics of various cell types relevant to cellular cardiomyoplasty and presents findings from experimental and clinical studies investigating cell therapy for coronary heart disease. Cell delivery methods, optimal dosage and potential treatment mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Chepeleva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center Named after Academician E.N. Meshalkin of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 15, Rechkunovskaya Str., 630055 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2, Timakova Str., 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia
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10
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Soto J, Linsley C, Song Y, Chen B, Fang J, Neyyan J, Davila R, Lee B, Wu B, Li S. Engineering Materials and Devices for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of COVID-19 and Infectious Diseases. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2455. [PMID: 37686965 PMCID: PMC10490511 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Following the global spread of COVID-19, scientists and engineers have adapted technologies and developed new tools to aid in the fight against COVID-19. This review discusses various approaches to engineering biomaterials, devices, and therapeutics, especially at micro and nano levels, for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, serving as a resource for scientists to identify specific tools that can be applicable for infectious-disease-related research, technology development, and treatment. From the design and production of equipment critical to first responders and patients using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to point-of-care devices for rapid diagnosis, these technologies and tools have been essential to address current global needs for the prevention and detection of diseases. Moreover, advancements in organ-on-a-chip platforms provide a valuable platform to not only study infections and disease development in humans but also allow for the screening of more effective therapeutics. In addition, vaccines, the repurposing of approved drugs, biomaterials, drug delivery, and cell therapy are promising approaches for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Following a comprehensive review of all these topics, we discuss unsolved problems and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Soto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chase Linsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Binru Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Josephine Neyyan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Raul Davila
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brandon Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Song Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Wei Y, Zheng X, Huang T, Zhong Y, Sun S, Wei X, Liu Q, Wang T, Zhao Z. Human embryonic stem cells secrete macrophage migration inhibitory factor: A novel finding. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288281. [PMID: 37616250 PMCID: PMC10449177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is expressed in a variety of cells and participates in important biological mechanisms. However, few studies have reported whether MIF is expressed in human Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and its effect on human ESCs. Two human ESCs cell lines, H1 and H9 were used. The expression of MIF and its receptors CD74, CD44, CXCR2, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were detected by an immunofluorescence assay, RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. The autocrine level of MIF was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The interaction between MIF and its main receptor was investigated by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Finally, the effect of MIF on the proliferation and survival of human ESCs was preliminarily explored by incubating cells with exogenous MIF, MIF competitive ligand CXCL12 and MIF classic inhibitor ISO-1. We reported that MIF was highly expressed in H1 and H9 human ESCs. MIF was positively expressed in the cytoplasm, cell membrane and culture medium. Several surprising results emerge. The autosecreted concentration of MIF was 22 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than 2 ng/mL-6 ng/mL in normal human serum, and this was independent of cell culture time and cell number. Human ESCs mainly expressed the MIF receptors CXCR2 and CXCR7 rather than the classical receptor CD74. The protein receptor that interacts with MIF on human embryonic stem cells is CXCR7, and no evidence of interaction with CXCR2 was found. We found no evidence that MIF supports the proliferation and survival of human embryonic stem cells. In conclusion, we first found that MIF was highly expressed in human ESCs and at the same time highly expressed in associated receptors, suggesting that MIF mainly acts in an autocrine form in human ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Wei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Department of Human Functioning, Department of Health Services, Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaohan Zheng
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanji Zhong
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Shengtong Sun
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Xufang Wei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Qibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Zhenqiang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research & Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
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12
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Matos BMD, Stimamiglio MA, Correa A, Robert AW. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: From now to the future. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:453-465. [PMID: 37342215 PMCID: PMC10277970 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometric particles that enclose cell-derived bioactive molecules in a lipid bilayer and serve as intercellular communication tools. Accordingly, in various biological contexts, EVs are reported to engage in immune modulation, senescence, and cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, EVs could be key elements for potential off-the-shelf cell-free therapy. Little has been studied regarding EVs derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-EVs), even though hPSCs offer good opportunities for induction of tissue regeneration and unlimited proliferative ability. In this review article, we provide an overview of studies using hPSC-EVs, focusing on identifying the conditions in which the cells are cultivated for the isolation of EVs, how they are characterized, and applications already demonstrated. The topics reported in this article highlight the incipient status of the studies in the field and the significance of hPSC-EVs’ prospective applications as PSC-derived cell-free therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Moises de Matos
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba 81350010, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba 81350010, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Anny Waloski Robert
- Stem Cells Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Curitiba 81350010, Paraná, Brazil
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13
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Pluripotent Stem Cells in Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040571. [PMID: 36831237 PMCID: PMC9954118 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a progressive multisystemic disease caused by the expansion of a CTG repeat tract within the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase gene (DMPK). Although DM1 is considered to be the most frequent myopathy of genetic origin in adults, DM1 patients exhibit a vast diversity of symptoms, affecting many different organs. Up until now, different in vitro models from patients' derived cells have largely contributed to the current understanding of DM1. Most of those studies have focused on muscle physiopathology. However, regarding the multisystemic aspect of DM1, there is still a crucial need for relevant cellular models to cover the whole complexity of the disease and open up options for new therapeutic approaches. This review discusses how human pluripotent stem cell-based models significantly contributed to DM1 mechanism decoding, and how they provided new therapeutic strategies that led to actual phase III clinical trials.
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14
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Attitudes and values among the Swedish general public to using human embryonic stem cells for medical treatment. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:138. [PMID: 36550460 PMCID: PMC9773498 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of human embryonic stem cells (ES cells) for the development of medical therapies is surrounded with moral concerns. The aim of this study was to assess the public's attitudes toward the use of ES cells for treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other diseases, what factors are most important to consider when using ES cells for drug development, and if there is an association between religious beliefs and attitudes toward using ES cells for medical treatment. METHODS A randomly selected sample of the Swedish public, aged 18-87-years-old, completed an online survey (n = 467). The survey assessed socio-demographics, religious views, perceived moral status of the embryo, and attitudes toward using ES cells for medical treatment of PD and other diseases. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for positive vs. negative attitude toward using ES cells for drug development were computed using logistic regression. RESULTS The respondents were positive about using ES for treatment; specifically, 70% totally agreed that it is acceptable to use ES cells for treatment of PD, while 40% totally agreed that it is acceptable to use ES cells for treatment but induced pluripotent cells is just as efficient. Religion being of little importance in one's life was associated with a positive attitude toward using ES cells for treatment of PD (adjusted OR 6.39, 95% CI 2.78-14.71). The importance of being able "to access new, effective treatments against diseases that do not have any treatment available" was ranked as the most important factor to consider when using ES cells for drug development. CONCLUSION Most respondents are positive about using ES cells for drug development, and making effective treatments accessible to those who do not have any. However, these attitudes are influenced by the specific disorder that the drug development is intended for, as well as the religious views and perceived moral status of the early embryo.
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15
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Grogan S, Kopcow J, D’Lima D. Challenges Facing the Translation of Embryonic Stem Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Cartilage Lesions. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1186-1195. [PMID: 36493381 PMCID: PMC9801304 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common disease resulting in significant disability without approved disease-modifying treatment (other than total joint replacement). Stem cell-based therapy is being actively explored for the repair of cartilage lesions in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis. Embryonic stem cells are a very attractive source as they address many of the limitations inherent in autologous stem cells, such as variability in function and limited expansion. Over the past 20 years, there has been widespread interest in differentiating ESC into mesenchymal stem cells and chondroprogenitors with successful in vitro, ex vivo, and early animal studies. However, to date, none have progressed to clinical trials. In this review, we compare and contrast the various approaches to differentiating ESC; and discuss the benefits and drawbacks of each approach. Approaches relying on spontaneous differentiation are simpler but not as efficient as more targeted approaches. Methods replicating developmental biology are more efficient and reproducible but involve many steps in a complicated process. The small-molecule approach, arguably, combines the advantages of the above two methods because of the relative efficiency, reproducibility, and simplicity. To better understand the reasons for lack of progression to clinical applications, we explore technical, scientific, clinical, and regulatory challenges that remain to be overcome to achieve success in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Grogan
- Corresponding author: Darryl D’Lima, MD, PhD, Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Scripps Health, 10666 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Joel Kopcow
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Darryl D’Lima
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education, Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
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16
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Shen Y, Cao X, Lu M, Gu H, Li M, Posner DA. Current treatments after spinal cord injury: Cell engineering, tissue engineering, and combined therapies. SMART MEDICINE 2022; 1:e20220017. [PMID: 39188731 PMCID: PMC11235943 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Both traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) can be categorized as damages done to our central nervous system (CNS). The patients' physical and mental health may suffer greatly because of traumatic SCI. With the widespread use of motor vehicles and increasingly aged population, the occurrence of SCI is more frequent than before, creating a considerable burden to global public health. The regeneration process of the spinal cord is hampered by a series of events that occur following SCI like edema, hemorrhage, formation of cystic cavities, and ischemia. An effective strategy for the treatment of SCI and functional recovery still has not been discovered; however, recent advances have been made in bioengineering fields that therapies based on cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules have proved effective in the repair of the spinal cord. In the light of worldwide importance of treatments for SCI, this article aims to provide a review of recent advances by first introducing the physiology, etiology, epidemiology, and mechanisms of SCI. We then put emphasis on the widely used clinical treatments and bioengineering strategies (cell-based, biomaterial-based, and biomolecule-based) for the functional regeneration of the spinal cord as well as challenges faced by scientists currently. This article provides scientists and clinicians with a comprehensive outlook on the recent advances of preclinical and clinical treatments of SCI, hoping to help them find keys to the functional regeneration of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xinyue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Minhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hongcheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Minli Li
- State Key Laboratory of BioelectronicsSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingChina
| | - David A. Posner
- Molecular Immunity UnitCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious DiseasesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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17
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Tissue Engineering Applied to Skeletal Muscle: Strategies and Perspectives. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120744. [PMID: 36550950 PMCID: PMC9774646 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Muscle tissue is formed by elongated and contractile cells with specific morphofunctional characteristics. Thus, it is divided into three basic types: smooth muscle tissue, cardiac striated muscle tissue and skeletal striated muscle tissue. The striated skeletal muscle tissue presents high plasticity, regeneration and growth capacity due to the presence of satellite cells, quiescent myoblasts that are activated in case of injury to the tissue and originate new muscle fibers when they differentiate. In more severe deficiencies or injuries there is a loss of their regenerative capacity, thus compromising the body's functionality at different levels. Tissue engineering studies the development of biomaterials capable of stimulating the recovery of cellular activity in injured body tissues, as well as the activity of cells with muscle differentiation potential in injury repair. However, the need for three-dimensional re-assembly in a complex organization makes it difficult to mimic this tissue and fully regenerate it for the sake of precise and effective movements. Thus, this article aims to provide a narrative review of tissue engineering strategies applied to the regeneration of skeletal muscle, in a critical evaluation of research, whether aimed at injury or atrophies such as spinal muscular atrophy.
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18
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Habibey R, Striebel J, Schmieder F, Czarske J, Busskamp V. Long-term morphological and functional dynamics of human stem cell-derived neuronal networks on high-density micro-electrode arrays. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:951964. [PMID: 36267241 PMCID: PMC9578684 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.951964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive electrophysiological characterizations of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neuronal networks are essential to determine to what extent these in vitro models recapitulate the functional features of in vivo neuronal circuits. High-density micro-electrode arrays (HD-MEAs) offer non-invasive recording with the best spatial and temporal resolution possible to date. For 3 months, we tracked the morphology and activity features of developing networks derived from a transgenic hiPSC line in which neurogenesis is inducible by neurogenic transcription factor overexpression. Our morphological data revealed large-scale structural changes from homogeneously distributed neurons in the first month to the formation of neuronal clusters over time. This led to a constant shift in position of neuronal cells and clusters on HD-MEAs and corresponding changes in spatial distribution of the network activity maps. Network activity appeared as scarce action potentials (APs), evolved as local bursts with longer duration and changed to network-wide synchronized bursts with higher frequencies but shorter duration over time, resembling the emerging burst features found in the developing human brain. Instantaneous firing rate data indicated that the fraction of fast spiking neurons (150–600 Hz) increases sharply after 63 days post induction (dpi). Inhibition of glutamatergic synapses erased burst features from network activity profiles and confirmed the presence of mature excitatory neurotransmission. The application of GABAergic receptor antagonists profoundly changed the bursting profile of the network at 120 dpi. This indicated a GABAergic switch from excitatory to inhibitory neurotransmission during circuit development and maturation. Our results suggested that an emerging GABAergic system at older culture ages is involved in regulating spontaneous network bursts. In conclusion, our data showed that long-term and continuous microscopy and electrophysiology readouts are crucial for a meaningful characterization of morphological and functional maturation in stem cell-derived human networks. Most importantly, assessing the level and duration of functional maturation is key to subject these human neuronal circuits on HD-MEAs for basic and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Habibey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Striebel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Schmieder
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Czarske
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Institute of Applied Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Volker Busskamp,
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19
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Habibey R, Rojo Arias JE, Striebel J, Busskamp V. Microfluidics for Neuronal Cell and Circuit Engineering. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14842-14880. [PMID: 36070858 PMCID: PMC9523714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of microfluidic devices among the neuroscience and neurobiology communities has enabled addressing a broad range of questions at the molecular, cellular, circuit, and system levels. Here, we review biomedical engineering approaches that harness the power of microfluidics for bottom-up generation of neuronal cell types and for the assembly and analysis of neural circuits. Microfluidics-based approaches are instrumental to generate the knowledge necessary for the derivation of diverse neuronal cell types from human pluripotent stem cells, as they enable the isolation and subsequent examination of individual neurons of interest. Moreover, microfluidic devices allow to engineer neural circuits with specific orientations and directionality by providing control over neuronal cell polarity and permitting the isolation of axons in individual microchannels. Similarly, the use of microfluidic chips enables the construction not only of 2D but also of 3D brain, retinal, and peripheral nervous system model circuits. Such brain-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip technologies are promising platforms for studying these organs as they closely recapitulate some aspects of in vivo biological processes. Microfluidic 3D neuronal models, together with 2D in vitro systems, are widely used in many applications ranging from drug development and toxicology studies to neurological disease modeling and personalized medicine. Altogether, microfluidics provide researchers with powerful systems that complement and partially replace animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhollah Habibey
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesús Eduardo Rojo Arias
- Wellcome—MRC
Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge
Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Striebel
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik
Bonn, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Straße 2, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
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20
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Girão AF, Serrano MC, Completo A, Marques PAAP. Is Graphene Shortening the Path toward Spinal Cord Regeneration? ACS NANO 2022; 16:13430-13467. [PMID: 36000717 PMCID: PMC9776589 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Along with the development of the next generation of biomedical platforms, the inclusion of graphene-based materials (GBMs) into therapeutics for spinal cord injury (SCI) has potential to nourish topmost neuroprotective and neuroregenerative strategies for enhancing neural structural and physiological recovery. In the context of SCI, contemplated as one of the most convoluted challenges of modern medicine, this review first provides an overview of its characteristics and pathophysiological features. Then, the most relevant ongoing clinical trials targeting SCI, including pharmaceutical, robotics/neuromodulation, and scaffolding approaches, are introduced and discussed in sequence with the most important insights brought by GBMs into each particular topic. The current role of these nanomaterials on restoring the spinal cord microenvironment after injury is critically contextualized, while proposing future concepts and desirable outputs for graphene-based technologies aiming to reach clinical significance for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F. Girão
- Centre
for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la
Cruz 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- (A.F.G.)
| | - María Concepcion Serrano
- Instituto
de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Sor Juana Inés de la
Cruz 3, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- (M.C.S.)
| | - António Completo
- Centre
for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paula A. A. P. Marques
- Centre
for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Aveiro (UA), Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- (P.A.A.P.M.)
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21
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Upadhyay TK, Trivedi R, Khan F, Pandey P, Sharangi AB, Goel H, Saeed M, Park MN, Kim B. Potential Therapeutic Role of Mesenchymal-Derived Stem Cells as an Alternative Therapy to Combat COVID-19 through Cytokines Storm. Cells 2022; 11:2686. [PMID: 36078094 PMCID: PMC9455060 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical health systems continue to be challenged due to newly emerging COVID-19, and there is an urgent need for alternative approaches for treatment. An increasing number of clinical observations indicate cytokine storms to be associated with COVID-19 severity and also to be a significant cause of death among COVID-19 patients. Cytokine storm involves the extensive proliferative and hyperactive activity of T and macrophage cells and the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Stem cells are the type of cell having self-renewal properties and giving rise to differentiated cells. Currently, stem cell therapy is an exciting and promising therapeutic approach that can treat several diseases that were considered incurable in the past. It may be possible to develop novel methods to treat various diseases by identifying stem cells' growth and differentiation factors. Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in medicine is anticipated to be highly effective. The present review article is organized to put forward the positive arguments and implications in support of mesenchymal stem cell therapy as an alternative therapy to cytokine storms, to combat COVID-19. Using the immunomodulatory potential of the MSCs, it is possible to fight against COVID-19 and counterbalance the cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Rashmi Trivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Amit Baran Sharangi
- Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Crops, BCKV-Agricultural University, Mohanpur 741252, India
| | - Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110023, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 05254, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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22
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Li TT, Wang ZR, Yao WQ, Linghu EQ, Wang FS, Shi L. Stem Cell Therapies for Chronic Liver Diseases: Progress and Challenges. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:900-911. [PMID: 35993521 PMCID: PMC9492280 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases have become a significant health issue worldwide and urgently require the development of novel therapeutic approaches, in addition to liver transplantation. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown that cell-based therapeutic strategies may contribute to the improvement of chronic liver diseases and offer new therapeutic options to restore liver function through their roles in tissue impairment and immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize the current progress and analyze the challenges for different types of cell therapies used in the treatment of chronic liver diseases currently explored in clinical trials and preclinical studies in animal models. We also discuss some critical issues regarding the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, the most extensive cell source of stem cells), including therapeutic dosage, transfusion routine, and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of transfused MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Tian Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Rui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qi Yao
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,National Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering Products, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Qiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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23
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Gergin ÖÖ, Pehlivan SS, Ulger M, Mat OC, Bayram A, Gönen ZB, Gökdemir NS, Biçer C, Yildiz K, Yay AH. Efficacy of stem cell-based therapies for colistin-induced nephrotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:103933. [PMID: 35863655 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increase in infections with multidrug resistant bacteria has forced to return to the use of colistin, antibiotic with known nephrotoxicity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being extensively investigated for their potential in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective mechanisms of the MSCs against kidney injury induced by colistin. Forty adult female albino rats were randomly classified into 4 equal groups; the control group, the MSC-treated group (a single dose of 1 ×106 /ml MSCs through the tail vein), the colistin-treated group (36 mg/kg/day colistin was given for 7 days), and the both colistin and MSC group (36 mg/kg/day colistin and 1 ×106 /ml MSCs). Main outcome measures were histopathological alterations, kidney malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and immunohistological autophagy evaluation. MSC repressed the progression of colistin-induced kidney injury as evidenced by the improvement of histopathological alterations and the substantial increase MDA, and decrease SOD and CAT in serum levels. Moreover, MSC resulted in a profound reduction in oxidative stress as manifested by decreased MDA and increased SOD in serum. Notably, MSC suppressed colistin-induced autophagy; it reduced renal levels of Beclin-1, P62 and LC3A/B. Furthermore, MSC decreased renal levels of eNOS. Lastly, MSC efficiently decreased expression of the TUNEL positive cell number. MSC confers protection against colistin-induced kidney injury by alleviating oxidative stress, nitric oxide synthase besides modulating reducing autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Öz Gergin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Seckin Pehlivan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Menekse Ulger
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Ozge Cengiz Mat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Adnan Bayram
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | | | - Nur Seda Gökdemir
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Cihangir Biçer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Karamehmet Yildiz
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Arzu Hanım Yay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey; Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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24
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Margiana R, Markov A, Zekiy AO, Hamza MU, Al-Dabbagh KA, Al-Zubaidi SH, Hameed NM, Ahmad I, Sivaraman R, Kzar HH, Al-Gazally ME, Mustafa YF, Siahmansouri H. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell in regenerative medicine: a narrative review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:366. [PMID: 35902958 PMCID: PMC9330677 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The multipotency property of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has attained worldwide consideration because of their immense potential for immunomodulation and their therapeutic function in tissue regeneration. MSCs can migrate to tissue injury areas to contribute to immune modulation, secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and hide themselves from the immune system. Certainly, various investigations have revealed anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, reconstruction, and wound healing potentials of MSCs in many in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, current progresses in the field of MSCs biology have facilitated the progress of particular guidelines and quality control approaches, which eventually lead to clinical application of MSCs. In this literature, we provided a brief overview of immunoregulatory characteristics and immunosuppressive activities of MSCs. In addition, we discussed the enhancement, utilization, and therapeutic responses of MSCs in neural, liver, kidney, bone, heart diseases, and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria Margiana
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Master's Programme Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Markov
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russian Federation.,Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - Angelina O Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Noora M Hameed
- Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Sivaraman
- Department of Mathematics, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Arumbakkam, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Hamzah H Kzar
- Veterinary Medicine College, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim, Iraq
| | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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25
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Zhang H, Xue Y, Pan T, Zhu X, Chong H, Xu C, Fan F, Cao H, Zhang B, Pan J, Zhou Q, Yang G, Wang J, Wang DJ. Epicardial injection of allogeneic human-induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in patients with advanced heart failure: protocol for a phase I/IIa dose-escalation clinical trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056264. [PMID: 35523485 PMCID: PMC9083430 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a growing global public health burden. However, due to the very limited regenerative capacity of mature cardiomyocytes in the adult mammalian heart, conventional treatments can only improve the symptoms of HF but fail to restore cardiac function. Heart transplantation is limited by a severe shortage of donors. Cell-based transplantation for the treatment of HF has become a promising strategy. Human-induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been tested in animal models to assess safety and efficacy. This study aims at evaluating the safety and efficacy of epicardial injection of hiPSC-CMs in patients with advanced HF during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. METHODS This study is a dose-escalation, placebo-controlled, single-centre phase I/IIa clinical trial. Dose escalation will be guided by a modified 3+3 design for three doses (1×108, 2×108 and 4×108 cells, sequentially). Patients with advanced heart failure will be enrolled and randomly allocated to receive epicardial injection of hiPSC-CMs during CABG surgery or CABG surgery alone, followed by a 12-month follow-up investigation. The primary endpoint is to assess the safety of hiPSC-CMs transplantation, including haemodynamic compromised sustained ventricular arrhythmias and newly formed tumours during 6 months postoperatively. The secondary endpoint is to evaluate the efficacy of epicardial injection of hiPSC-CMs and CABG surgery combination by comparison with CABG surgery alone. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (No. SC202000102) and approved by National Health Commission of the PRC (MR-32-21-014649). Findings will be disseminated to the academic community through peer-reviewed publications and presentation at national and international meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03763136.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxing Xue
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tuo Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hoshun Chong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fudong Fan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bomin Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Yang
- HELP Therapeutics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Dong-Jin Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Beijing, China
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26
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Zhu Y, Luo M, Bai X, Lou Y, Nie P, Jiang S, Li J, Li B, Luo P. Administration of mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic kidney disease: mechanisms, signaling pathways, and preclinical evidence. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2073-2092. [PMID: 35469057 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes. Currently, the prevalence and mortality of DKD are increasing annually. However, with no effective drugs to prevent its occurrence and development, the primary therapeutic option is to control blood sugar and blood pressure. Therefore, new and effective drugs/methods are imperative to prevent the development of DKD in patients with diabetes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with multi-differentiation potential and paracrine function have received extensive attention as a new treatment option for DKD. However, their role and mechanism in the treatment of DKD remain unclear, and clinical applications are still being explored. Given this, we here provide an unbiased review of recent advances in MSCs for the treatment of DKD in the last decade from the perspectives of the pathogenesis of DKD, biological characteristics of MSCs, and different molecular and signaling pathways. Furthermore, we summarize information on combination therapy strategies using MSCs. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Nie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 ZiQiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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27
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Kalejaiye TD, Bhattacharya R, Burt MA, Travieso T, Okafor AE, Mou X, Blasi M, Musah S. SARS-CoV-2 Employ BSG/CD147 and ACE2 Receptors to Directly Infect Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Podocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:855340. [PMID: 35517495 PMCID: PMC9065256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.855340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in over 5.9 million deaths worldwide. While cells in the respiratory system are the initial target of SARS-CoV-2, there is mounting evidence that COVID-19 is a multi-organ disease. Still, the direct affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for cells in other organs such as the kidneys, which are often targeted in severe COVID-19, remains poorly understood. We employed a human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived model to investigate the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for kidney glomerular podocytes, and examined the expression of host factors for binding and processing of the virus. We studied cellular uptake of the live SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as a pseudotyped virus. Infection of podocytes with live SARS-CoV-2 or spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles revealed cellular uptake even at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01. We found that direct infection of human iPS cell-derived podocytes by SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause cell death and podocyte foot process retraction, a hallmark of podocytopathies and progressive glomerular diseases including collapsing glomerulopathy observed in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. We identified BSG/CD147 and ACE2 receptors as key mediators of spike binding activity in human iPS cell-derived podocytes. These results show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect kidney glomerular podocytes in vitro via multiple binding interactions and partners, which may underlie the high affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for kidney tissues. This stem cell-derived model is potentially useful for kidney-specific antiviral drug screening and mechanistic studies of COVID-19 organotropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilola D. Kalejaiye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rohan Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Morgan A. Burt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Tatianna Travieso
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Arinze E. Okafor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xingrui Mou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Maria Blasi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Samira Musah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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28
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Schmieder F, Habibey R, Striebel J, Büttner L, Czarske J, Busskamp V. Tracking connectivity maps in human stem cell-derived neuronal networks by holographic optogenetics. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/7/e202101268. [PMID: 35418473 PMCID: PMC9008225 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Holographic optogenetic stimulation of human iPSC–derived neuronal networks was exploited to map precise functional connectivity motifs and their long-term dynamics during network development. Neuronal networks derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells have been exploited widely for modeling neuronal circuits, neurological diseases, and drug screening. As these networks require extended culturing periods to functionally mature in vitro, most studies are based on immature networks. To obtain insights on long-term functional features, we improved a glia–neuron co-culture protocol within multi-electrode arrays, facilitating continuous assessment of electrical features in weekly intervals. By full-field optogenetic stimulation, we detected an earlier onset of neuronal firing and burst activity compared with spontaneous activity. Full-field stimulation enhanced the number of active neurons and their firing rates. Compared with full-field stimulation, which evoked synchronized activity across all neurons, holographic stimulation of individual neurons resulted in local activity. Single-cell holographic stimulation facilitated to trace propagating evoked activities of 400 individually stimulated neurons per multi-electrode array. Thereby, we revealed precise functional neuronal connectivity motifs. Holographic stimulation data over time showed increasing connection numbers and strength with culture age. This holographic stimulation setup has the potential to establish a profound functional testbed for in-depth analysis of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmieder
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rouhollah Habibey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Striebel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Büttner
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Czarske
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany .,Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Applied Physics, School of Science, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Busskamp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitäts-Augenklinik Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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29
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Cao Q, Huang C, Chen XM, Pollock CA. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Toward Cell-Free Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:816656. [PMID: 35386912 PMCID: PMC8977463 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.816656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rising in global prevalence and has become a worldwide public health problem, with adverse outcomes of kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. However, current treatments are limited to slowing rather than reversing disease progression or restoring functional nephrons. Hence, innovative strategies aimed at kidney tissue recovery hold promise for CKD therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are commonly used for regenerative therapy due to their potential for proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Accumulating evidence suggests that the therapeutic effects of MSCs are largely mediated by paracrine secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs), predominantly exosomes. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) replicate the functions of their originator MSCs via delivery of various genetic and protein cargos to target cells. More recently, MSC-Exos have also been utilized as natural carriers for targeted drug delivery. Therapeutics can be effectively incorporated into exosomes and then delivered to diseased tissue. Thus, MSC-Exos have emerged as a promising cell-free therapy in CKD. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of MSC-Exos and summarize their therapeutic efficacy in preclinical animal models of CKD. We also discuss the potential challenges and strategies in the use of MSC-Exos-based therapies for CKD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cao
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Chunling Huang
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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30
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Tracy EP, Stielberg V, Rowe G, Benson D, Nunes SS, Hoying JB, Murfee WL, LeBlanc AJ. State of the field: cellular and exosomal therapeutic approaches in vascular regeneration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H647-H680. [PMID: 35179976 PMCID: PMC8957327 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00674.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pathologies of the vasculature including the microvasculature are often complex in nature, leading to loss of physiological homeostatic regulation of patency and adequate perfusion to match tissue metabolic demands. Microvascular dysfunction is a key underlying element in the majority of pathologies of failing organs and tissues. Contributing pathological factors to this dysfunction include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, endothelial dysfunction, loss of angiogenic potential and vascular density, and greater senescence and apoptosis. In many clinical settings, current pharmacologic strategies use a single or narrow targeted approach to address symptoms of pathology rather than a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to address their root cause. To address this, efforts have been heavily focused on cellular therapies and cell-free therapies (e.g., exosomes) that can tackle the multifaceted etiology of vascular and microvascular dysfunction. In this review, we discuss 1) the state of the field in terms of common therapeutic cell population isolation techniques, their unique characteristics, and their advantages and disadvantages, 2) common molecular mechanisms of cell therapies to restore vascularization and/or vascular function, 3) arguments for and against allogeneic versus autologous applications of cell therapies, 4) emerging strategies to optimize and enhance cell therapies through priming and preconditioning, and, finally, 5) emerging strategies to bolster therapeutic effect. Relevant and recent clinical and animal studies using cellular therapies to restore vascular function or pathologic tissue health by way of improved vascularization are highlighted throughout these sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Tracy
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Virginia Stielberg
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Gabrielle Rowe
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Daniel Benson
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James B Hoying
- Advanced Solutions Life Sciences, Manchester, New Hampshire
| | - Walter Lee Murfee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amanda Jo LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute and the Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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31
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Ogundipe V, Plukker J, Links T, Coppes R. Thyroid Gland Organoids: Current models and insights for application in tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:500-510. [PMID: 35262402 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of treatment of thyroid disease and consequential hypothyroidism has been increasing over the past few years. To maintain adequate thyroid hormone levels, these patients require daily supplementation with levothyroxine (L-T4) for the rest of their lives. However, a large part of these patients experiences difficulties due to the medication, which causes a decrease in their quality of life. Regenerative medicine through tissue engineering could provide a potential therapy by establishing tissue engineering models, such as those employing thyroid-derived organoids. The development of such treatment options may replace the need for additional hormonal replacement therapy. This review aims to highlight the current knowledge on thyroid regenerative medicine using organoids for tissue engineering, and to discuss insights into potential methods to optimize thyroid engineering culture systems. Finally, we will describe several challenges faced when utilising these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Ogundipe
- University Medical Centre Groningen, 10173, Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;
| | - John Plukker
- University Medical Centre Groningen, 10173, Surgical Oncology, Groningen, Netherlands;
| | - Thera Links
- University Medical Centre Groningen, 10173, Endocrinology, Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands;
| | - Rob Coppes
- University Medical Centre Groningen, 10173, Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Sytems, Groningen, Netherlands;
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32
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Grauman Å, Drevin J. Perceptions on using surplus embryos for the treatment of Parkinson's disease among the Swedish population: a qualitative study. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:15. [PMID: 35246133 PMCID: PMC8895863 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human embryonic stem cells are currently used for developing treatment against Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the use of ES cells is surrounded with moral concerns. Research regarding the public's attitudes can form an important basis for policymaking. The aim was to explore the perceptions of the public on using donated human embryos for developing treatment of Parkinson's Disease. METHODS Semi-structured individual qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 members of the general population in Sweden. Interviews were analyzed with thematic content analyses. RESULTS Four categories and additional sub-categories; Different views on the embryo requires delicacy, Using embryos to treat Parkinson's disease, Doing things in the right way, and Communication, media, and public opinion. In general, respondents were positive towards the usage of embryotic stem cells to treat PD, but the usage were conditioned and specific terms were demanded. Informed consent from both donors were required and delicacy and sensitivity when working with embryos were needed. CONCLUSIONS It was perceived better to use surplus embryos to treat PD increase is than to discard them, also among those who perceived the embryo as "a potential life." The participants raised several conditions under usage for treatment should be allowed. Even if the embryos otherwise are going to be discarded, usage requires informed consent from the donating couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grauman
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jennifer Drevin
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Box 564, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
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33
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Advances in Regulatory Strategies of Differentiating Stem Cells towards Keratocytes. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5403995. [PMID: 35140792 PMCID: PMC8820938 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5403995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal injury is a commonly encountered clinical problem which led to vision loss and impairment that affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, the available treatment in clinical practice is corneal transplantation, which is limited by the accessibility of donors. Corneal tissue engineering appears to be a promising alternative for corneal repair. However, current experimental strategies of corneal tissue engineering are insufficient due to inadequate differentiation of stem cell into keratocytes and thus cannot be applied in clinical practice. In this review, we aim to clarify the role and effectiveness of both biochemical factors, physical regulation, and the combination of both to induce stem cells to differentiate into keratocytes. We will also propose novel perspectives of differentiation strategy that may help to improve the efficiency of corneal tissue engineering.
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Chen C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen X, Chen W, Dan S, She S, Hu W, Dai J, Hu J, Cao Q, Liu Q, Huang Y, Qin B, Kang B, Wang YJ. Translational and post-translational control of human naïve versus primed pluripotency. iScience 2022; 25:103645. [PMID: 35005567 PMCID: PMC8718978 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the regulatory network for human naive and primed pluripotency is of fundamental theoretical and applicable significance. Here, by combining quantitative proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and acetylproteomics analyses, we revealed RNA processing and translation as the most differentially regulated processes between naive and primed human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Although glycolytic primed hESCs rely predominantly on the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-mediated cap-dependent pathway for protein translation, naive hESCs with reduced mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC1) activity are more tolerant to eIF4E inhibition, and their bivalent metabolism allows for translating selective mRNAs via both eIF4E-dependent and eIF4E-independent/eIF4A2-dependent pathways to form a more compact naive proteome. Globally up-regulated proteostasis and down-regulated post-translational modifications help to further refine the naive proteome that is compatible with the more rapid cycling of naive hESCs, where CDK1 plays an indispensable coordinative role. These findings may assist in better understanding the unrestricted lineage potential of naive hESCs and in further optimizing conditions for future clinical applications RNA processing and translation are most different between naive and primed hESCs Glycolytic primed hESCs mainly rely on eIF4E-dependent translation Bivalent metabolism in naive hESCs promotes eIF4E-independent translation CDK1 is required for naive pluripotency partially by activating E-cadherin signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.,Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yisha Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Songsong Dan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shiqi She
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.,Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Weiwei Hu
- Shanghai Bioprofile Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Shanghai Bioprofile Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianwen Hu
- Shanghai Bioprofile Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qingyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Qianyu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yinghua Huang
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell Fate, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Baoming Qin
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Cell Fate, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Park HJ, Han A, Kim JY, Choi J, Bae HS, Cho GB, Shin H, Shin EJ, Lee KI, Kim S, Lee JY, Song J. SUPT4H1-edited stem cell therapy rescues neuronal dysfunction in a mouse model for Huntington's disease. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:8. [PMID: 35046408 PMCID: PMC8770473 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a severe inherited neurological disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene (HTT), leading to the accumulation of mutant huntingtin with polyglutamine repeats. Despite its severity, there is no cure for this debilitating disease. HTT lowering strategies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) showed promising results very recently. Attempts to develop stem cell-based therapeutics have shown efficacy in preclinical HD models. Using an HD patient’s autologous cells, which have genetic defects, may hamper therapeutic efficacy due to mutant HTT. Pretreating these cells to reduce mutant HTT expression and transcription may improve the transplanted cells’ therapeutic efficacy. To investigate this, we targeted the SUPT4H1 gene that selectively supports the transcription of long trinucleotide repeats. Transplanting SUPT4H1-edited HD-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural precursor cells (iPSC-NPCs) into the YAC128 HD transgenic mouse model improved motor function compared to unedited HD iPSC-NPCs. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed reduced mutant HTT expression without compensating wild-type HTT expression. Further, SUPT4H1 editing increased neuronal and decreased reactive astrocyte differentiation in HD iPSC-NPCs compared to the unedited HD iPSC-NPCs. This suggests that ex vivo editing of SUPT4H1 can reduce mutant HTT expression and provide a therapeutic gene editing strategy for autologous stem cell transplantation in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea.
| | - Areum Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea
| | - Hee Sook Bae
- Toolgen Inc., 219 Gasan Digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Gyu-Bon Cho
- Toolgen Inc., 219 Gasan Digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Hyejung Shin
- Toolgen Inc., 219 Gasan Digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Shin
- Toolgen Inc., 219 Gasan Digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Kang-In Lee
- Toolgen Inc., 219 Gasan Digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Seokjoong Kim
- Toolgen Inc., 219 Gasan Digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Toolgen Inc., 219 Gasan Digital 1-ro, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Korea.
| | - Jihwan Song
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Korea. .,iPS Bio, Inc., 3F, 16 Daewangpangyo-ro 712 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13522, Korea.
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Mitrečić D, Hribljan V, Jagečić D, Isaković J, Lamberto F, Horánszky A, Zana M, Foldes G, Zavan B, Pivoriūnas A, Martinez S, Mazzini L, Radenovic L, Milasin J, Chachques JC, Buzanska L, Song MS, Dinnyés A. Regenerative Neurology and Regenerative Cardiology: Shared Hurdles and Achievements. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:855. [PMID: 35055039 PMCID: PMC8776151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
From the first success in cultivation of cells in vitro, it became clear that developing cell and/or tissue specific cultures would open a myriad of new opportunities for medical research. Expertise in various in vitro models has been developing over decades, so nowadays we benefit from highly specific in vitro systems imitating every organ of the human body. Moreover, obtaining sufficient number of standardized cells allows for cell transplantation approach with the goal of improving the regeneration of injured/disease affected tissue. However, different cell types bring different needs and place various types of hurdles on the path of regenerative neurology and regenerative cardiology. In this review, written by European experts gathered in Cost European action dedicated to neurology and cardiology-Bioneca, we present the experience acquired by working on two rather different organs: the brain and the heart. When taken into account that diseases of these two organs, mostly ischemic in their nature (stroke and heart infarction), bring by far the largest burden of the medical systems around Europe, it is not surprising that in vitro models of nervous and heart muscle tissue were in the focus of biomedical research in the last decades. In this review we describe and discuss hurdles which still impair further progress of regenerative neurology and cardiology and we detect those ones which are common to both fields and some, which are field-specific. With the goal to elucidate strategies which might be shared between regenerative neurology and cardiology we discuss methodological solutions which can help each of the fields to accelerate their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Hribljan
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Denis Jagečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Federica Lamberto
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Alex Horánszky
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
| | - Melinda Zana
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
| | - Gabor Foldes
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Salvador Martinez
- Instituto de Neurociencias UMH-CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Department of Neurology, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lidija Radenovic
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milasin
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan Carlos Chachques
- Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Pompidou Hospital, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Min Suk Song
- Omnion Research International Ltd., 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - András Dinnyés
- BioTalentum Ltd., Aulich Lajos Str. 26, 2100 Gordillo, Hungary
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Animal Health, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly Str. 1, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
- HCEMM-USZ Stem Cell Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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37
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Dabi YT, Degechisa ST. Genome Editing and Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Technologies for in vitro Monogenic Diabetes Modeling. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1785-1797. [PMID: 35719247 PMCID: PMC9199525 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s366967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Polygenic diabetes, which encompasses type-1 and type-2 diabetes, is the most prevalent kind of diabetes and is caused by a combination of different genetic and environmental factors, whereas rare phenotype monogenic diabetes is caused by a single gene mutation. Monogenic diabetes includes Neonatal diabetes mellitus and Maturity-onset diabetes of the young. The majority of our current knowledge about the pathogenesis of diabetes stems from studies done on animal models. However, the genetic difference between these creatures and humans makes it difficult to mimic human clinical pathophysiology, limiting their value in modeling key aspects of human disease. Human pluripotent stem cell technologies combined with genome editing techniques have been shown to be better alternatives for creating in vitro models that can provide crucial knowledge about disease etiology. This review paper addresses genome editing and human pluripotent stem cell technologies for in vitro monogenic diabetes modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Tsegaye Dabi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Correspondence: Yosef Tsegaye Dabi, Email
| | - Sisay Teka Degechisa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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38
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Pezhouman A, Nguyen NB, Shevtsov A, Qiao R, Ardehali R. In Vitro Generation of Heart Field Specific Cardiomyocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2429:257-267. [PMID: 35507167 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1979-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) can lead to irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs), primarily localized to the left ventricle (LV) of the heart. The CMs of the LV are predominantly derived from first heart field (FHF) progenitors, whereas the majority of CMs within the right ventricle originate from the second heart field (SHF) during early cardiogenesis. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) serve as a valuable source of CMs for understanding early cardiac development and lineage commitment of CMs within these two heart fields that ultimately enable the development of more effective candidates for cell therapy. An ideal candidate may be FHF CMs that share the same ontogeny with the LV CMs that die after MI. We previously generated a double reporter hESC line that utilizes two important cardiac transcription factors, TBX5 and NKX2-5. TBX5 marks FHF progenitors and CMs, while NKX2-5 is expressed in nearly all myocytes of the developing heart. Here, we describe a step-by-step approach to efficiently generate FHF and SHF CMs using this double reporter hESC line. In addition, this approach can be applied to any non-genetically modified hESC lines to enrich FHF and SHF CMs. Obtaining enriched populations of these two CM subtypes provides a platform for downstream comparative analyses and in vitro studies to facilitate a deeper understanding of cardiovascular lineage commitment and the development of more effective candidates for cell therapy to treat diseases or defects that affect specific regions of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Pezhouman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ngoc B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Allison Shevtsov
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rong Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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39
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Zhang Z, Liu M, Zheng Y. Role of Rho GTPases in stem cell regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2941-2955. [PMID: 34854916 PMCID: PMC9008577 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The future of regenerative medicine relies on our understanding of stem cells which are essential for tissue/organ generation and regeneration to maintain and/or restore tissue homeostasis. Rho family GTPases are known regulators of a wide variety of cellular processes related to cytoskeletal dynamics, polarity and gene transcription. In the last decade, major new advances have been made in understanding the regulatory role and mechanism of Rho GTPases in self-renewal, differentiation, migration, and lineage specification in tissue-specific signaling mechanisms in various stem cell types to regulate embryonic development, adult tissue homeostasis, and tissue regeneration upon stress or damage. Importantly, implication of Rho GTPases and their upstream regulators or downstream effectors in the transformation, migration, invasion and tumorigenesis of diverse cancer stem cells highlights the potential of Rho GTPase targeting in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss recent evidence of Rho GTPase signaling in the regulation of embryonic stem cells, multiple somatic stem cells, and cancer stem cells. We propose promising areas where Rho GTPase pathways may serve as useful targets for stem cell manipulation and related future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A
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40
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Yu H, Commander CW, Stavas JM. Stem Cell-Based Therapies: What Interventional Radiologists Need to Know. Semin Intervent Radiol 2021; 38:523-534. [PMID: 34853498 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
As the basic units of biological organization, stem cells and their progenitors are essential for developing and regenerating organs and tissue systems using their unique self-renewal capability and differentiation potential into multiple cell lineages. Stem cells are consistently present throughout the entire human development, from the zygote to adulthood. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made in biology, genetics, and biotechnology to develop stem cell-based therapies using embryonic and adult autologous or allogeneic stem cells for diseases without therapies or difficult to treat. Stem cell-based therapies require optimum administration of stem cells into damaged organs to promote structural regeneration and improve function. Maximum clinical efficacy is highly dependent on the successful delivery of stem cells to the target tissue. Direct image-guided locoregional injections into target tissues offer an option to increase therapeutic outcomes. Interventional radiologists have the opportunity to perform a key role in delivering stem cells more efficiently using minimally invasive techniques. This review discusses the types and sources of stem cells and the current clinical applications of stem cell-based therapies. In addition, the regulatory considerations, logistics, and potential roles of interventional Radiology are also discussed with the review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Yu
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,ProKidney LLC, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Clayton W Commander
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Joseph M Stavas
- Department of Radiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
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Kalejaiye TD, Bhattacharya R, Burt MA, Travieso T, Okafor AE, Mou X, Blasi M, Musah S. BSG/CD147 and ACE2 receptors facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human iPS cell-derived kidney podocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34816259 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.16.468893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. The disease has caused more than 5.1 million deaths worldwide. While cells in the respiratory system are frequently the initial target for SARS-CoV-2, clinical studies suggest that COVID-19 can become a multi-organ disease in the most severe cases. Still, the direct affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for cells in other organs such as the kidneys, which are often affected in severe COVID-19, remains poorly understood. METHOD In this study, we employed a human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived model to investigate the affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for kidney glomerular podocytes. We studied uptake of the live SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as pseudotyped viral particles by human iPS cell derived podocytes using qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Global gene expression and qPCR analyses revealed that human iPS cell-derived podocytes express many host factor genes (including ACE2, BSG/CD147, PLS3, ACTR3, DOCK7, TMPRSS2, CTSL CD209, and CD33) associated with SARS-CoV-2 binding and viral processing. RESULT Infection of podocytes with live SARS-CoV-2 or spike-pseudotyped lentiviral particles revealed viral uptake by the cells at low Multiplicity of Infection (MOI of 0.01) as confirmed by RNA quantification and immunofluorescence studies. Our results also indicate that direct infection of human iPS cell-derived podocytes by SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause cell death and podocyte foot process retraction, a hallmark of podocytopathies and progressive glomerular diseases including collapsing glomerulopathy observed in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Additionally, antibody blocking experiments identified BSG/CD147 and ACE2 receptors as key mediators of spike binding activity in human iPS cell-derived podocytes. CONCLUSION These results show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect kidney glomerular podocytes in vitro . These results also show that the uptake of SARS-CoV-2 by kidney podocytes occurs via multiple binding interactions and partners, which may underlie the high affinity of SARS-CoV-2 for kidney tissues. This stem cell-derived model is potentially useful for kidney-specific antiviral drug screening and mechanistic studies of COVID-19 organotropism. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT Many patients with COVID19 disease exhibit multiorgan complications, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection can extend beyond the respiratory system. Acute kidney injury is a common COVID-19 complication contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. Still, SARS-Cov-2 affinity for specialized kidney cells remain less clear. By leveraging our protocol for stem cell differentiation, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can directly infect kidney glomerular podocytes by using multiple Spike-binding proteins including ACE2 and BSG/CD147. Our results also indicate that infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause podocyte cell death and foot process effacement, a hallmark of podocytopathies including collapsing glomerulopathy observed in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. This stem cell-derived model is potentially useful for kidney-specific antiviral drug screening and mechanistic studies of COVID-19 organotropism.
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Goldenberg D, McLaughlin C, Koduru SV, Ravnic DJ. Regenerative Engineering: Current Applications and Future Perspectives. Front Surg 2021; 8:731031. [PMID: 34805257 PMCID: PMC8595140 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.731031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathologies, congenital defects, and traumatic injuries are untreatable by conventional pharmacologic or surgical interventions. Regenerative engineering represents an ever-growing interdisciplinary field aimed at creating biological replacements for injured tissues and dysfunctional organs. The need for bioengineered replacement parts is ubiquitous among all surgical disciplines. However, to date, clinical translation has been limited to thin, small, and/or acellular structures. Development of thicker tissues continues to be limited by vascularization and other impediments. Nevertheless, currently available materials, methods, and technologies serve as robust platforms for more complex tissue fabrication in the future. This review article highlights the current methodologies, clinical achievements, tenacious barriers, and future perspectives of regenerative engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Goldenberg
- Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Caroline McLaughlin
- Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Srinivas V. Koduru
- Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Dino J. Ravnic
- Irvin S. Zubar Plastic Surgery Research Laboratory, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States
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Redox Homeostasis and Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Uniqueness or Versatility? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010946. [PMID: 34681606 PMCID: PMC8535588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great potential both in studies on developmental biology and clinical practice. Mitochondrial metabolism that encompasses pathways that generate ATP and produce ROS significantly differs between PSCs and somatic cells. Correspondingly, for quite a long time it was believed that the redox homeostasis in PSCs is also highly specific due to the hypoxic niche of their origin-within the pre-implantation blastocyst. However, recent research showed that redox parameters of cultivated PSCs have much in common with that of their differentiated progeny cells. Moreover, it has been proven that, similar to somatic cells, maintaining the physiological ROS level is critical for the regulation of PSC identity, proliferation, differentiation, and de-differentiation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the studies of redox metabolism and signaling in PSCs to compare the redox profiles of pluripotent and differentiated somatic cells. We collected evidence that PSCs possess metabolic plasticity and are able to adapt to both hypoxia and normoxia, that pluripotency is not strictly associated with anaerobic conditions, and that cellular redox homeostasis is similar in PSCs and many other somatic cells under in vitro conditions that may be explained by the high conservatism of the redox regulation system.
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He X, An W, Liu J. Effects of hypoxia on stemness, survival and angiogenic capacity of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1977725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weizheng An
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Human Fetal Tissue Regulation. Impact on Pediatric and Adult Respiratory-related Research. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:204-208. [PMID: 33252996 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202005-460ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Madrid M, Sumen C, Aivio S, Saklayen N. Autologous Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Cell Therapies: Promise, Progress, and Challenges. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e88. [PMID: 33725407 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The promise of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lies in their ability to serve as a starting material for autologous, or patient-specific, stem cell-based therapies. Since the first publications describing the generation of iPSCs from human tissue in 2007, a Phase I/IIa clinical trial testing an autologous iPSC-derived cell therapy has been initiated in the U.S., and several other autologous iPSC-based therapies have advanced through various stages of development. Three single-patient in-human transplants of autologous iPSC-derived cells have taken place worldwide. None of the patients suffered serious adverse events, despite not undergoing immunosuppression. These promising outcomes support the proposed advantage of an autologous approach: a cell therapy product that can engraft without the risk of immune rejection, eliminating the need for immunosuppression and the associated side effects. Despite this advantage, there are currently more allogeneic than autologous iPSC-based cell therapy products in development due to the cost and complexity of scaling out manufacturing for each patient. In this review, we highlight recent progress toward clinical translation of autologous iPSC-based cell therapies. We also highlight technological advancements that would reduce the cost and complexity of autologous iPSC-based cell therapy production, enabling autologous iPSC-based therapies to become a more commonplace treatment modality for patients. © 2021 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cenk Sumen
- Stemson Therapeutics, San Diego, California
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Weatherbee BAT, Cui T, Zernicka-Goetz M. Modeling human embryo development with embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells. Dev Biol 2021; 474:91-99. [PMID: 33333069 PMCID: PMC8232073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early human post-implantation development involves extensive growth combined with a series of complex morphogenetic events. The lack of precise spatial and temporal control over these processes leads to pregnancy loss. Given the ethical and technical limitations in studying the natural human embryo, alternative approaches are needed to investigate mechanisms underlying this critical stage of human development. Here, we present an overview of the different stem cells and stem cell-derived models which serve as useful, albeit imperfect, tools in understanding human embryogenesis. Current models include stem cells that represent each of the three earliest lineages: human embryonic stem cells corresponding to the epiblast, hypoblast-like stem cells and trophoblast stem cells. We also review the use of human embryonic stem cells to model complex aspects of epiblast morphogenesis and differentiation. Additionally, we propose that the combination of both embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells to form three-dimensional embryo models will provide valuable insights into cell-cell chemical and mechanical interactions that are essential for natural embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey A T Weatherbee
- Mouse and Human Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Tongtong Cui
- Plasticity and Synthetic Embryology Group, California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
- Mouse and Human Embryo and Stem Cell Group, University of Cambridge, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK; Plasticity and Synthetic Embryology Group, California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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Khorsandi K, Hosseinzadeh R, Abrahamse H, Fekrazad R. Biological Responses of Stem Cells to Photobiomodulation Therapy. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 15:400-413. [PMID: 32013851 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200204123722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells have attracted the researchers interest, due to their applications in regenerative medicine. Their self-renewal capacity for multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory properties make them unique to significantly contribute to tissue repair and regeneration applications. Recently, stem cells have shown increased proliferation when irradiated with low-level laser therapy or Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT), which induces the activation of intracellular and extracellular chromophores and the initiation of cellular signaling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this phenomenon in the literature. METHODS The literature investigated the articles written in English in four electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane up to April 2019. Stem cell was searched by combining the search keyword of "low-level laser therapy" OR "low power laser therapy" OR "low-intensity laser therapy" OR "photobiomodulation therapy" OR "photo biostimulation therapy" OR "LED". In total, 46 articles were eligible for evaluation. RESULTS Studies demonstrated that red to near-infrared light is absorbed by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mitochondria are significant sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mitochondria play an important role in metabolism, energy generation, and are also involved in mediating the effects induced by PBMT. PBMT may result in the increased production of (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). These changes, in turn, initiate cell proliferation and induce the signal cascade effect. CONCLUSION The findings of this review suggest that PBMT-based regenerative medicine could be a useful tool for future advances in tissue engineering and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;
and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, NRF SARChI Chair: Laser Applications in Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty - Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research
Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Induced Tissue-Specific Stem Cells (iTSCs): Their Generation and Possible Use in Regenerative Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060780. [PMID: 34071015 PMCID: PMC8224740 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced tissue-specific stem cells (iTSCs) are partially reprogrammed cells which have an intermediate state, such as progenitors or stem cells. They originate from the de-differentiation of differentiated somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), or from the differentiation of undifferentiated cells. They show a limited capacity to differentiate and a morphology similar to that of somatic cell stem cells present in tissues, but distinct from that of iPSCs and ESCs. iTSCs can be generally obtained 7 to 10 days after reprogramming of somatic cells with Yamanaka’s factors, and their fibroblast-like morphology remains unaltered. iTSCs can also be obtained directly from iPSCs cultured under conditions allowing cellular differentiation. In this case, to effectively induce iTSCs, additional treatment is required, as exemplified by the conversion of iPSCs into naïve iPSCs. iTSCs can proliferate continuously in vitro, but when transplanted into immunocompromised mice, they fail to generate solid tumors (teratomas), implying loss of tumorigenic potential. The low tendency of iTSCs to elicit tumors is beneficial, especially considering applications for regenerative medicine in humans. Several iTSC types have been identified, including iTS-L, iTS-P, and iTS-D, obtained by reprogramming hepatocytes, pancreatic cells, and deciduous tooth-derived dental pulp cells, respectively. This review provides a brief overview of iPSCs and discusses recent advances in the establishment of iTSCs and their possible applications in regenerative medicine.
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50
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Chang Y, Li YN, Bai R, Wu F, Ma S, Saleem A, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Dong T, Guo T, Hang C, Lu WJ, Jiang H, Lan F. hERG-deficient human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for modelling QT prolongation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:278. [PMID: 33962658 PMCID: PMC8103639 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) is a common malignant hereditary arrhythmia. Due to the lack of suitable animal and human models, the pathogenesis of LQT2 caused by human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) deficiency is still unclear. In this study, we generated an hERG-deficient human cardiomyocyte (CM) model that simulates ‘human homozygous hERG mutations’ to explore the underlying impact of hERG dysfunction and the genotype–phenotype relationship of hERG deficiency. Methods The KCNH2 was knocked out in the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) H9 line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Using a chemically defined differentiation protocol, we obtained and verified hERG-deficient CMs. Subsequently, high-throughput microelectrode array (MEA) assays and drug interventions were performed to characterise the electrophysiological signatures of hERG-deficient cell lines. Results Our results showed that KCNH2 knockout did not affect the pluripotency or differentiation efficiency of H9 cells. Using high-throughput MEA assays, we found that the electric field potential duration and action potential duration of hERG-deficient CMs were significantly longer than those of normal CMs. The hERG-deficient lines also exhibited irregular rhythm and some early afterdepolarisations. Moreover, we used the hERG-deficient human CM model to evaluate the potency of agents (nifedipine and magnesium chloride) that may ameliorate the phenotype. Conclusions We established an hERG-deficient human CM model that exhibited QT prolongation, irregular rhythm and sensitivity to other ion channel blockers. This model serves as an important tool that can aid in understanding the fundamental impact of hERG dysfunction, elucidate the genotype–phenotype relationship of hERG deficiency and facilitate drug development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02346-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fujian Wu
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Amina Saleem
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Siyao Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Youxu Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chengwen Hang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Jing Lu
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Key Laboratory of Application of Pluripotent Stem Cells in Heart Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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