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Aschner M, Martins AC, Oliveira-Paula GH, Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Bowman AB, Kirichuk AA, Santamaria A, Tizabi Y, Tinkov AA. Manganese in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The state of the art. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100170. [PMID: 38737010 PMCID: PMC11088232 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present narrative review was to synthesize existing clinical and epidemiological findings linking manganese (Mn) exposure biomarkers to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to discuss key pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders that may be affected by this metal. Existing epidemiological data demonstrated both direct and inverse association between Mn body burden and ASD, or lack of any relationship. In contrast, the majority of studies revealed significantly higher Mn levels in subjects with ADHD, as well as direct relationship between Mn body burden with hyperactivity and inattention scores in children, although several studies reported contradictory results. Existing laboratory studies demonstrated that impaired attention and hyperactivity in animals following Mn exposure was associated with dopaminergic dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Despite lack of direct evidence on Mn-induced neurobiological alterations in patients with ASD and ADHD, a plethora of studies demonstrated that neurotoxic effects of Mn overexposure may interfere with key mechanisms of pathogenesis inherent to these neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifically, Mn overload was shown to impair not only dopaminergic neurotransmission, but also affect metabolism of glutamine/glutamate, GABA, serotonin, noradrenaline, thus affecting neuronal signaling. In turn, neurotoxic effects of Mn may be associated with its ability to induce oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation, and/or impair neurogenesis. Nonetheless, additional detailed studies are required to evaluate the association between environmental Mn exposure and/or Mn body burden and neurodevelopmental disorders at a wide range of concentrations to estimate the potential dose-dependent effects, as well as environmental and genetic factors affecting this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina P. Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Anatoly A. Kirichuk
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología y Nanomedicina, Departamento de Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
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Beaudin SA, Howard S, Santiago N, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Methylphenidate alleviates cognitive dysfunction caused by early manganese exposure: Role of catecholaminergic receptors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 131:110949. [PMID: 38266866 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Environmental manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with impaired attention and psychomotor functioning, as well as impulsivity/hyperactivity in children and adolescents. We have shown previously that developmental Mn exposure can cause these same dysfunctions in a rat model. Methylphenidate (MPH) lessens impairments in attention, impulse control, and psychomotor function in children, but it is unknown whether MPH ameliorates these dysfunctions when induced by developmental Mn exposure. Here, we sought to (1) determine whether oral MPH treatment ameliorates the lasting attention and sensorimotor impairments caused by developmental Mn exposure, and (2) elucidate the mechanism(s) of Mn neurotoxicity and MPH effectiveness. Rats were given 50 mg Mn/kg/d orally over PND 1-21 and assessed as adults in a series of attention, impulse control and sensorimotor tasks during oral MPH treatment (0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg/d). Subsequently, selective catecholaminergic receptor antagonists were administered to gain insight into the mechanism(s) of action of Mn and MPH. Developmental Mn exposure caused persistent attention and sensorimotor impairments. MPH treatment at 0.5 mg/kg/d completely ameliorated the Mn attentional dysfunction, whereas the sensorimotor deficits were ameliorated by the 3.0 mg/kg/d MPH dose. Notably, the MPH benefit on attention was only apparent after prolonged treatment, while MPH efficacy for the sensorimotor deficits emerged early in treatment. Selectively antagonizing D1, D2, or α2A receptors had no effect on the Mn-induced attentional dysfunction or MPH efficacy in this domain. However, antagonism of D2R attenuated the Mn sensorimotor deficits, whereas the efficacy of MPH to ameliorate those deficits was diminished by D1R antagonism. These findings demonstrate that MPH is effective in alleviating the lasting attentional and sensorimotor dysfunction caused by developmental Mn exposure, and they clarify the mechanisms underlying developmental Mn neurotoxicity and MPH efficacy. Given that the cause of attention and psychomotor deficits in children is often unknown, these findings have implications for the treatment of environmentally induced attentional and psychomotor dysfunction in children more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Shanna Howard
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Santiago
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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Howard SL, Beaudin SA, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Maternal choline supplementation lessens the behavioral dysfunction produced by developmental manganese exposure in a rodent model of ADHD. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 102:107337. [PMID: 38423398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Studies in children have reported associations between elevated manganese (Mn) exposure and ADHD-related symptoms of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, and psychomotor impairment. Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) during pregnancy/lactation may hold promise as a protective strategy because it has been shown to lessen cognitive dysfunction caused by numerous early insults. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) developmental Mn exposure alters behavioral reactivity/emotion regulation, in addition to impairing learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function, and (2) MCS protects against these Mn-induced impairments. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were given standard diet, or a diet supplemented with additional choline throughout gestation and lactation (GD 3 - PND 21). Male offspring were exposed orally to 0 or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over PND 1-21. In adulthood, animals were tested in a series of learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor tasks. Mn exposure caused lasting dysfunction in attention, reactivity to errors and reward omission, learning, and sensorimotor function, recapitulating the constellation of symptoms seen in ADHD children. MCS lessened Mn-induced attentional dysfunction and partially normalized reactivity to committing an error or not receiving an expected reward but provided no protection against Mn-induced learning or sensorimotor dysfunction. In the absence of Mn exposure, MCS produces lasting offspring benefits in learning, attention, and reactivity to errors. To conclude, developmental Mn exposure produces a constellation of deficits consistent with ADHD symptomology, and MCS offered some protection against the adverse Mn effects, adding to the evidence that maternal choline supplementation is neuroprotective for offspring and improves offspring cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna L Howard
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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Beaudin SA, Gorman S, Schilpp N, Woodfin D, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Sensorimotor dysfunction due to developmental manganese exposure is less severe in adult female than male rats and partially improved by acute methylphenidate treatment. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2024; 102:107330. [PMID: 38307398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2024.107330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported associations between elevated manganese (Mn) exposure and poorer psychomotor performance in children. Our studies in adult male rats have established that this relationship is causal and that prolonged methylphenidate (MPH) treatment is efficacious in treating this area of dysfunction. However, it is unclear if sensitivity to these Mn deficits differs between females and males, and whether existing pharmacological therapies are efficacious in improving sensorimotor dysfunction in females. To address these questions, we used our rat model of childhood environmental Mn exposure and the Montoya staircase test to determine whether 1) there are sex differences in the lasting sensorimotor dysfunction caused by developmental Mn exposure, and 2) MPH treatment is efficacious in ameliorating the sensorimotor deficits in females. Female and male neonates were treated orally with Mn (50 mg Mn/kg/d) from postnatal day 1 to 21 and evaluated for skilled forelimb sensorimotor performance as adults. Subsequently, the efficacy of acute oral MPH treatment (doses of 0, 0.5, and 3.0 mg MPH/kg/d) was assessed in females using a within-subject MPH treatment design. Developmental postnatal Mn exposure produced lasting sensorimotor reaching and grasping deficits that were milder in females than in males. Acute MPH treatment of Mn-exposed females with the 0.5 mg/kg/d dose attenuated the reaching dysfunction without alleviating grasping dysfunction. These findings show sex-based variations in sensitivity to the sensorimotor impairment caused by developmental Mn exposure, and they are consistent with prior studies showing less vulnerability of females to Mn-induced dysfunction in other functional domains, possibly due to the protective effects of estrogen. Given our previous work showing the efficacy of MPH treatment to alleviate Mn-induced inattention, impulsiveness, and sensorimotor dysfunctions in adult male rats, they also highlight the need for further research into sex-based differences in cognitive and behavioral areas of brain function, and the efficacy of therapeutics in treating behavioral dysfunction in females. Supported by NIEHS R01ES028369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Gorman
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Schilpp
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - David Woodfin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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Zuo J, Zhang H, Gang H, Mai Q, Jia Z, Liu H, Xia W, Xu S, Li Y. Associations of intrauterine exposure to manganese with fetal and early-childhood growth: a prospective prenatal cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14303-14317. [PMID: 38273082 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal manganese (Mn) exposure may be related to poor birth outcomes; however, there are few relevant epidemiological reports on the effects of intrauterine Mn levels on intrauterine fetal and early childhood growth. From 2013 to 2016, 2082 pairs of mothers and infants were recruited in Wuhan, China, who provided an entire set of urine samples during their first, second, and third trimesters. Fetal head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femoral length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were obtained by ultrasound at the 16, 24, and 31 weeks of pregnancy. When the children were born, 6 months old, 12 months old, and 24 months old, their weight, height, weight-for-height, and BMI were measured. We used generalized linear models, generalized estimated equations, and restricted cubic spline curves (RCS) to investigate the linear and nonlinear relationships between antenatal Mn levels and fetal and early childhood growth. In all fetuses, Mn exposure during the 1st and 2nd gestation was associated with decreased fetal AC, FL, and EFW at 24 weeks (e.g., for each doubling of urinary Mn concentrations during the 1st and 2nd gestation, the SD score of EFW at 24 weeks decreased by - 4.16% (95% CI, - 6.22%, - 2.10%) and - 3.78% (95% CI, - 5.86%, - 1.70%)). Mn concentrations in the highest tertile group of the 1st and 2nd gestation were related to decreased fetus growth parameters compared to the lowest tertile group. For each doubling of the average Mn concentrations during pregnancy, the z-scores of weight, weight-for-height, and BMI at 12 months decreased, with percentage changes of - 2.93% (95% CI, - 5.08%, - 0.79%), - 3.25% (95% CI, - 5.56%, - 0.94%), and - 3.09% (95% CI, - 5.44%, - 0.73%). In the RCS model, we found a reverse U-shaped association between 1st trimester Mn concentration and fetal FL at 16 weeks and HC at 31 weeks in male fetuses and a non-linear association between mean Mn concentration during pregnancy and girls' weight-for-height and BMI at 6 months. Intrauterine exposure to Mn may be related to restricted growth in the fetus and early childhood, especially in fetuses at 24 weeks of gestation and children at 12 months of age. Also, meaningful curvilinear relationships were found in the sex stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqing Gang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Mai
- Center for Public Health Laboratory Service, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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Schildroth S, Kordas K, White RF, Friedman A, Placidi D, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Horton M, Claus Henn B. An Industry-Relevant Metal Mixture, Iron Status, and Reported Attention-Related Behaviors in Italian Adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:27008. [PMID: 38363634 PMCID: PMC10871126 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to environmental metals has been consistently associated with attention and behavioral deficits in children, and these associations may be modified by coexposure to other metals or iron (Fe) status. However, few studies have investigated Fe status as a modifier of a metal mixture, particularly with respect to attention-related behaviors. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure study, which included 707 adolescents (10-14 years of age) from Brescia, Italy. Manganese, chromium, and copper were quantified in hair samples, and lead was quantified in whole blood, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Concentrations of Fe status markers (ferritin, hemoglobin, transferrin) were measured using immunoassays or luminescence assays. Attention-related behaviors were assessed using the Conners Rating Scales Self-Report Scale-Long Form, Parent Rating Scales Revised-Short Form, and Teacher Rating Scales Revised-Short Form. We employed Bayesian kernel machine regression to examine associations of the metal mixture with these outcomes and evaluate Fe status as a modifier. RESULTS Higher concentrations of the metals and ferritin were jointly associated with worse self-reported attention-related behaviors: metals and ferritin set to their 90th percentiles were associated with 3.0% [β = 0.03 ; 95% credible interval (CrI): - 0.01 , 0.06], 4.1% (β = 0.04 ; 95% CrI: 0.00, 0.08), and 4.1% (β = 0.04 ; 95% CrI: 0.00, 0.08) higher T -scores for self-reported attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index, inattention, and hyperactivity, respectively, compared with when metals and ferritin were set to their 50th percentiles. These associations were driven by hair manganese, which exhibited nonlinear associations with all self-reported scales. There was no evidence that Fe status modified the neurotoxicity of the metal mixture. The metal mixture was not materially associated with any parent-reported or teacher-reported scale. CONCLUSIONS The overall metal mixture, driven by manganese, was adversely associated with self-reported attention-related behavior. These findings suggest that exposure to multiple environmental metals impacts adolescent neurodevelopment, which has significant public health implications. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12988.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Schildroth S, Bauer JA, Friedman A, Austin C, Coull BA, Placidi D, White RF, Smith D, Wright RO, Lucchini RG, Arora M, Horton M, Claus Henn B. Early life manganese exposure and reported attention-related behaviors in Italian adolescents. Environ Epidemiol 2023; 7:e274. [PMID: 38912396 PMCID: PMC11189689 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient and neurotoxicant, and the neurodevelopmental effects of Mn may depend on exposure timing. Less research has quantitatively compared the impact of Mn exposure on neurodevelopment across exposure periods. Methods We used data from 125 Italian adolescents (10-14 years) from the Public Health Impact of Metals Exposure Study to estimate prospective associations of Mn in three early life exposure periods with adolescent attention-related behaviors. Mn was quantified in deciduous teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to represent prenatal (2nd trimester-birth), postnatal (birth ~1.5 years), and childhood (~1.5-6 years) exposure. Attention-related behavior was evaluated using the Conners Behavior Rating Scales in adolescence. We used multivariable linear regression models to quantify associations between Mn in each exposure period, and multiple informant models to compare associations across exposure periods. Results Median tooth Mn levels (normalized to calcium) were 0.4 area under the curve (AUC) 55Mn:43Ca × 104, 0.1 AUC 55Mn:43Ca × 104, and 0.0006 55Mn:43Ca for the prenatal, postnatal, and childhood periods. A doubling in prenatal tooth Mn levels was associated with 5.3% (95% confidence intervals [CI] = -10.3%, 0.0%) lower (i.e., better) teacher-reported inattention scores, whereas a doubling in postnatal tooth Mn levels was associated with 4.5% (95% CI = -9.3%, 0.6%) and 4.6% (95% CI = -9.5%, 0.6%) lower parent-reported inattention and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder index scores, respectively. Childhood Mn was not beneficially associated with reported attention-related behaviors. Conclusion Protective associations in the prenatal and postnatal periods suggest Mn is beneficial for attention-related behavior, but not in the childhood period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Occupational Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta F. White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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Mitchell EJ, Frisbie SH. A comprehensive survey and analysis of international drinking water regulations for inorganic chemicals with comparisons to the World Health Organization's drinking-water guidelines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287937. [PMID: 37910472 PMCID: PMC10619874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) has published criteria for determining the quality of drinking water since 1958. Since 1984, these criteria were termed "guidelines" to emphasize that they are not national standards, but rather guidelines for nations to develop their own national standards, which may take into account local environmental, social, economic, and cultural conditions. When calculating guideline values (GVs), the WHO reviews the toxicological literature, calculates a health-based value (HBV), and determines whether the HBV should be adopted as a GV. The WHO also considers aesthetic aspects of drinking water quality, such as taste and the staining of plumbing fixtures, and additionally supplies aesthetic values (AVs) for certain drinking water contaminants. There is no central registry for national drinking water standards, so the degree of variation of national drinking water standards is not known. METHODS We examined standards, guidelines, and background documents for all inorganic contaminants published by the WHO from 1958-2022. We also searched for national drinking water standards for all independent countries. RESULTS We found the WHO currently has 16 GVs, six HBVs without GVs, and six AVs without HBVs or GVs for inorganic drinking water contaminants, excluding disinfection agents and their byproducts. More than half of the point of departure studies used to support these values were published in 2005 or earlier. Ninety-eight percent of the world's population lives in jurisdictions with drinking water standards, and 14 countries directly link their national standards to the current WHO's drinking water guidelines. Lack of transparency (standards available only through purchase) and typographical errors are common problems, especially for resource-limited countries. CONCLUSIONS The WHO drinking water guidelines are crucially important for drinking water safety; they are used for guidance or as official standards throughout the world. It is crucial that they be based on the best available science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J. Mitchell
- Better Life Laboratories, Inc., Calais, VT, United States of America
| | - Seth H. Frisbie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, United States of America
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Beaudin SA, Howard S, Santiago N, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Methylphenidate alleviates cognitive dysfunction from early Mn exposure: Role of catecholaminergic receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546786. [PMID: 37873333 PMCID: PMC10592804 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with impaired attention and psychomotor functioning, as well as impulsivity/hyperactivity in children and adolescents. We have shown previously that developmental Mn exposure can cause these same dysfunctions in a rat model. Methylphenidate (MPH) lessens impairments in attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function in children, but it is unknown whether MPH ameliorates these dysfunctions when induced by developmental Mn exposure. Here, we sought to (1) determine whether oral MPH treatment ameliorates the lasting attention and sensorimotor impairments caused by developmental Mn exposure, and (2) elucidate the mechanism(s) of Mn neurotoxicity and MPH effectiveness. Rats were given 50 mg Mn/kg/d orally over PND 1-21 and assessed as adults in a series of attention, impulse control and sensorimotor tasks during oral MPH treatment (0, 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg/d). Subsequently, selective catecholaminergic receptor antagonists were administered to gain insight into the mechanism(s) of action of Mn and MPH. Developmental Mn exposure caused persistent attention and sensorimotor impairments. MPH treatment at 0.5 mg/kg/d completely ameliorated the Mn attentional dysfunction, whereas the sensorimotor deficits were ameliorated by the 3.0 mg/kg/d MPH dose. Notably, the MPH benefit on attention was only apparent after prolonged treatment, while MPH efficacy for the sensorimotor deficits emerged early in treatment. Selectively antagonizing D1, D2, or α2A receptors had no effect on the Mn-induced attentional dysfunction or MPH efficacy in this domain. However, antagonism of D2R attenuated the Mn sensorimotor deficits, whereas the efficacy of MPH to ameliorate those deficits was diminished by D1R antagonism. These findings demonstrate that MPH is effective in alleviating the lasting attention and sensorimotor dysfunction caused by developmental Mn exposure, and they clarify the mechanisms underlying developmental Mn neurotoxicity and MPH efficacy. Given that the cause of attention and psychomotor deficits in children is often unknown, these findings have implications for the treatment of environmentally-induced attentional and psychomotor dysfunction in children more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Shanna Howard
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Santiago
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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10
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Howard SL, Beaudin SA, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Maternal choline supplementation lessens the behavioral dysfunction produced by developmental manganese exposure in a rodent model of ADHD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.23.546356. [PMID: 37425833 PMCID: PMC10327095 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.23.546356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies in children have reported associations between elevated manganese (Mn) exposure and ADHD-related symptoms of inattention, impulsivity/hyperactivity, and psychomotor impairment. Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) during pregnancy/lactation may hold promise as a protective strategy because it has been shown to lessen cognitive dysfunction caused by numerous early insults. Our objectives were to determine whether (1) developmental Mn exposure alters behavioral reactivity/emotion regulation, in addition to impairing learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor function, and (2) MCS protects against these Mn-induced impairments. Pregnant Long-Evans rats were given standard diet, or a diet supplemented with additional choline throughout gestation and lactation (G3 - PND 21). Male offspring were exposed orally to 0 or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over PND 1-21. In adulthood, animals were tested in a series of learning, attention, impulse control, and sensorimotor tasks. Mn exposure caused lasting dysfunction in attention, reactivity to errors and reward omission, learning, and sensorimotor function, recapitulating the constellation of symptoms seen in ADHD children. MCS lessened Mn-induced attentional dysfunction and partially normalized reactivity to committing an error or not receiving an expected reward but provided no protection against Mn-induced learning or sensorimotor dysfunction. In the absence of Mn exposure, MCS produces lasting offspring benefits in learning, attention, and reactivity to errors. To conclude, developmental Mn exposure produces a constellation of deficits consistent with ADHD symptomology, and MCS offered some protection against the adverse Mn effects, adding to the evidence that maternal choline supplementation is neuroprotective for offspring and improves offspring cognitive functioning. Highlights Developmental Mn exposure causes lasting dysfunction consistent with ADHD symptomology.Maternal choline supplementation (MCS) protects against Mn-induced deficits in attention and behavioral reactivity.MCS in control animals produces lasting benefits to offspring in learning, attention, and error reactivity.These data support efforts to increase choline intake during pregnancy, particularly for individuals at risk of neurotoxicant exposure.
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Brancato A, Castelli V, Lavanco G, D'Amico C, Feo S, Pizzolanti G, Kuchar M, Cannizzaro C. Social stress under binge-like alcohol withdrawal in adolescence: evidence of cannabidiol effect on maladaptive plasticity in rats. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5538-5550. [PMID: 36065905 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol binge drinking may compromise the functioning of the nucleus accumbens (NAc), i.e. the neural hub for processing reward and aversive responses. METHODS As socially stressful events pose particular challenges at developmental stages, this research applied the resident-intruder paradigm as a model of social stress, to highlight behavioural neuroendocrine and molecular maladaptive plasticity in rats at withdrawal from binge-like alcohol exposure in adolescence. In search of a rescue agent, cannabidiol (CBD) was selected due to its favourable effects on alcohol- and stress-related harms. RESULTS Binge-like alcohol exposed intruder rats displayed a compromised defensive behaviour against the resident and a blunted response of the stress system, in addition to indexes of abnormal dopamine (DA)/glutamate plasticity and dysfunctional spine dynamics in the NAc. CBD administration (60 mg/kg) was able to: (1) increase social exploration in the binge-like alcohol exposed intruder rats, at the expenses of freezing time, and in control rats, which received less aggressive attacks from the resident; (2) reduce corticosterone levels independently on alcohol previous exposure; (3) restore DA transmission and (4) facilitate excitatory postsynaptic strength and remodelling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the maladaptive behavioural and synaptic plasticity promoted by the intersection between binge-like alcohol withdrawal and exposure to adverse social stress can be rescued by a CBD détente effect that results in a successful defensive strategy, supported by a functional endocrine and synaptic plasticity. The current data highlight CBD's relevant therapeutic potential in alcohol- and stress-related harms, and prompt further investigation on its molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brancato
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties 'G. D' Alessandro', University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Castelli
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties 'G. D' Alessandro', University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare D'Amico
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Feo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- ATEN Center, Genomic and Proteomic Laboratory, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties 'G. D' Alessandro', University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Kuchar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Gomes-Silva AP, Cunha de Medeiros PD, Silva LN, Da Silva Araújo Santiago M, Perobelli JE. Exposure to manganese during sertoli cell formation and proliferation disturbs early testicular development in rats. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 120:108447. [PMID: 37499885 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a metal and important micronutrient. However, exposure to supraphysiological levels of Mn, which occur through fungicides, atmospheric emissions, drainages, and spills, has been related to health risks, including morphometric changes in the male reproductive organs and impairment on gametogenesis and sperm quality, impacting the fertile ability of adult animals. Despite the relevance of the fetal/perinatal period for toxicological studies on Mn, previous data only deal with the physical and neurological development of the offspring, without mentioning their reproductive development. The present study investigated whether exposure to Mn during fetal/perinatal phase, specifically during the period of formation and proliferation of Sertoli cells, impairs the reproductive development of male offspring in early postnatal life. Therefore, pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 3 experimental groups: Ctl (received saline solution), Mn-9 (received 9 mg/kg of MnCl2), and Mn-90 (received 90 mg/kg of MnCl2). The female rats received the experimental treatment by gavage from gestational day 13 to lactational day 15, i.e., postnatal day (PND) 15 of the pups. Oxidative damage to the genetic material of germ and Sertoli cells, together with a decrease in connexin 43 immunolabeling were observed in the testis of male pups evaluated at PND 15. In addition, an increase in the seminiferous tubules presenting slight epithelium vacuolization and cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm were observed, without apparent epididymal changes. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that Mn perturbed the initial testicular development by altering Sertoli cell integrity through oxidative insult, which may compromise the spermatogenesis in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Priscila Gomes-Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma da Cunha de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Nogueira Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcella Da Silva Araújo Santiago
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Sönmez D, Hocaoğlu Ç. Manganese Intoxication Presenting with Depressive Symptoms: A Case Report. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2023; 60:288-291. [PMID: 37645076 PMCID: PMC10461766 DOI: 10.29399/npa.28305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese regulates many enzymes in the human body and is essential for normal development and bodily function. Chronic manganese poisoning has an insidious and progressive course and usually begins with nonspecific complaints such as headache, fatigue, sleep disturbances, irritability and emotional instability. In the following process, neurological symptoms like parkinsonism are added. A severe clinical condition that is irreversible may occur. In this case report, a female patient who applied to the psychiatry outpatient clinic with depressive symptoms and was diagnosed with manganese intoxication in the following period will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doğancan Sönmez
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Rize, Turkey
| | - Çiçek Hocaoğlu
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Rize, Turkey
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14
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Santiago NA, He B, Howard SL, Beaudin S, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Developmental Manganese Exposure Causes Lasting Attention Deficits Accompanied by Dysregulation of mTOR Signaling and Catecholaminergic Gene Expression in Brain Prefrontal Cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.16.549215. [PMID: 37503220 PMCID: PMC10370122 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Elevated manganese (Mn) exposure is associated with attentional deficits in children, and is an environmental risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We have shown that developmental Mn exposure causes lasting attention and sensorimotor deficits in a rat model of early childhood Mn exposure, and that these deficits are associated with a hypofunctioning catecholaminergic system in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), though the mechanistic basis for these deficits is not well understood. To address this, male Long-Evans rats were exposed orally to Mn (50 mg/kg/d) over PND 1-21 and attentional function was assessed in adulthood using the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. Targeted catecholaminergic system and epigenetic gene expression, followed by unbiased differential DNA methylation and gene regulation expression transcriptomics in the PFC, were performed in young adult littermates. Results show that developmental Mn exposure causes lasting focused attention deficits that are associated with reduced gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, and DNA methyltransferase 3a. Further, developmental Mn exposure causes broader lasting methylation and gene expression dysregulation associated with epigenetic regulation, inflammation, cell development, and hypofunctioning catecholaminergic neuronal systems. Pathway enrichment analyses uncovered mTOR and Wnt signaling pathway genes as significant transcriptomic regulators of the Mn altered transcriptome, and Western blot of total, C1 and C2 phospho-mTOR confirmed mTOR pathway dysregulation. Our findings deepen our understanding of the mechanistic basis of how developmental Mn exposure leads to lasting catecholaminergic dysfunction and attention deficits, which may aid future therapeutic interventions of environmental exposure associated disorders. Significance Statement Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with environmental risk factors, including exposure to neurotoxic agents. Here we used a rodent model of developmental manganese (Mn) exposure producing lasting attention deficits to show broad epigenetic and gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex, and to identify disrupted mTOR and Wnt signaling pathways as a novel mechanism for how developmental Mn exposure may induce lasting attention and catecholaminergic system impairments. Importantly, our findings establish early development as a critical period of susceptibility to lasting deficits in attentional function caused by elevated environmental toxicant exposure. Given that environmental health threats disproportionately impact communities of color and low socioeconomic status, our findings can aid future studies to assess therapeutic interventions for vulnerable populations.
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Smith DR, Strupp BJ. Animal Models of Childhood Exposure to Lead or Manganese: Evidence for Impaired Attention, Impulse Control, and Affect Regulation and Assessment of Potential Therapies. Neurotherapeutics 2023; 20:3-21. [PMID: 36853434 PMCID: PMC10119373 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-023-01345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral disorders involving attention and impulse control dysfunction, such as ADHD, are among the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents, with significant impact on their lives. The etiology of these disorders is not well understood, but is recognized to be multifactorial, with studies reporting associations with polygenic and environmental risk factors, including toxicant exposure. Environmental epidemiological studies, while good at establishing associations with a variety of environmental and genetic risk factors, cannot establish causality. Animal models of behavioral disorders, when properly designed, can play an essential role in establishing causal relationships between environmental risk factors and a disorder, as well as provide model systems for elucidating underlying neural mechanisms and testing therapies. Here, we review how animal model studies of developmental lead or manganese exposure have been pivotal in (1) establishing a causal relationship between developmental exposure and lasting dysfunction in the domains of attention, impulse control, and affect regulation, and (2) testing the efficacy of specific therapeutic approaches for alleviating the lasting deficits. The lead and manganese case studies illustrate how animal models can advance knowledge in ways that are not possible in human studies. For example, in contrast to the Treatment of Lead Poisoned Children (TLC) human clinical trial evaluating succimer chelation efficacy to improve cognitive functioning in lead-exposed children, our developmental lead exposure animal model showed that succimer chelation can produce lasting cognitive benefits if chelation sufficiently reduces brain lead levels. In addition, this study revealed that succimer treatment in the absence of lead exposure produces lasting cognitive dysfunction, highlighting potential risks of chelation in off-label uses, such as the treatment of autistic children without a history of lead exposure. Our animal model of developmental manganese exposure has demonstrated that manganese can cause lasting attentional and sensorimotor deficits, akin to an ADHD-inattentive behavioral phenotype, thereby providing insights into the role of environmental exposures as contributors to ADHD. These studies have also shown that oral methylphenidate (Ritalin) can fully alleviate the deficits produced by early developmental Mn exposure. Future work should continue to focus on the development and use of animal models that appropriately recapitulate the complex behavioral phenotypes of behavioral disorders, in order to determine the mechanistic basis for the behavioral deficits caused by developmental exposure to environmental toxicants, and the efficacy of existing and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Edemann-Callesen H, Glienke M, Akinola EO, Lieser MK, Habelt B, Hadar R, Bernhardt N, Winter C. Former Training Relieves the Later Development of Behavioral Inflexibility in an Animal Model Overexpressing the Dopamine Transporter. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7182-7193. [PMID: 36125729 PMCID: PMC9616742 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A range of dopamine-dominating neuropsychiatric disorders present with cognitive deficits. In accordance, the dopamine transporter overexpressing rat model (DAT-tg rat) displays cognitive deficits by means of behavioral inflexibility and learning disabilities. It remains to be investigated when cognitive deficits emerge, due to the inherent DA irregularities, during the life course of the DAT-tg rat and what may relieve symptoms. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to assess cognitive abilities in three cohorts of DAT-tg rats. In the first cohort, the development of cognitive deficits was assessed by repeatedly testing animals in the MWM at postnatal day (PND) 35, 60, and 90. In the second and third cohort, pharmacological interventions and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) were tested in adult animals to understand what drives, and thus relieves, the deficits. Minor differences were observed between DAT-tg rats and control rats at PND 35 and 60, whereas cognitive deficits fully emerged at PND 90. A high dosage of methylphenidate diminished both behavioral inflexibility and improved learning abilities in adult rats. Interestingly, rats subjected early in life to the MWM also displayed improved behavioral flexibility as compared to rats naïve to the paradigm. Cognitive deficits gradually develop over time and fully emerge in adulthood. Pharmacological modulation of the ubiquitous DAT overexpression overall improves deficits in adult rats, whereas early training decreases later development of behavioral inflexibility. Thus, former training may constitute a preventive avenue that alters some aspects of cognitive deficits resulting from inherent DA abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Edemann-Callesen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Glienke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Olubukola Akinola
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maike Kristin Lieser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bettina Habelt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ravit Hadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Bernhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Aguilar-Moreno A, Ortiz J, Concha L, Alcauter S, Paredes RG. Brain circuits activated by female sexual behavior evaluated by manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272271. [PMID: 35913950 PMCID: PMC9342731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows obtaining anatomical and functional information of the brain in the same subject at different times. Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) uses manganese ions to identify brain activity, although in high doses it might produce neurotoxic effects. Our aims were to identify a manganese dose that does not affect motivated behaviors such as sexual behavior, running wheel and the rotarod test. The second goal was to determine the optimal dose of chloride manganese (MnCl2) that will allow us to evaluate activation of brain regions after females mated controlling (pacing) the sexual interaction. To achieve that, two experiments were performed. In experiment 1 we evaluated the effects of two doses of MnCl2, 8 and 16 mg/kg. Subjects were injected with one of the doses of MnCl2 24 hours before the test on sessions 1, 5 and 10 and immediately thereafter scanned. Female sexual behavior, running wheel and the rotarod were evaluated once a week for 10 weeks. In experiment 2 we followed a similar procedure, but females paced the sexual interaction once a week for 10 weeks and were injected with one of the doses of MnCl2 24 hours before the test and immediately thereafter scanned on sessions 1, 5 and 10. The results of experiment 1 show that neither dose of MnCl2 induces alterations on sexual behavior, running wheel and rotarod. Experiment 2 demonstrated that MEMRI allow us to detect activation of different brain regions after sexual behavior, including the olfactory bulb (OB), the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), the amygdala (AMG), the medial preoptic area (MPOA), the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), the striatum (STR) and the hippocampus (Hipp) allowing the identification of changes in brain circuits activated by sexual behavior. The socio sexual circuit showed a higher signal intensity on session 5 than the reward circuit and the control groups indicating that even with sexual experience the activation of the reward circuit requires the activation of the socio sexual circuit. Our study demonstrates that MEMRI can be used repeatedly in the same subject to evaluate the activation of brain circuits after motivated behaviors and how can this activation change with experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Luis Concha
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Raúl G Paredes
- Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, UNAM, Querétaro, México
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Carvalho CF, Santos-Lima C, Souza-Marques B, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Lorenzo RG, França RJAF, Araújo-Dos-Santos B, Veloso TJ, Rodrigues JLG, Araújo CFS, Dos Santos NR, Bandeira MJ, Anjos ALS, Mergler D, Abreu N, Menezes-Filho JA. Executive functions in school-aged children exposed to airborne manganese: A multilevel analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112940. [PMID: 35182597 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychological alterations have been identified in populations heavily exposed to metals with neurotoxic potential, such as manganese (Mn). This study examined the associations between Mn environmental exposure in school-aged children and executive functions, using structural equation modeling. Children, aged between 7 and 12 years (N = 181), were recruited from four elementary schools located in a region that is under the influence of atmospheric emissions from a ferro-manganese alloy plant in the municipality of Simões Filho, Bahia, Brazil. The following cognitive functions were evaluated: Intelligence, Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, Verbal and Design Fluency, Verbal and Visual Working Memory and Attention. We performed structural equation modeling to identify the following executive functions latent variables: working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility. We further analyzed the relations between executive functions and Mn measured in hair (MnH) and toenails (MnTn) with linear mixed models, after controlling for co-variables. A positive effect at the individual level on working memory, inhibition control and cognitive flexibility was observed with MnTn after controlling for co-variables, but no association was found with MnH levels. However, children attending school most environmentally exposed to Mn emissions, which had the highest rate of Mn dust deposition, had the poorest scores on working memory. These findings suggest both benefits and risk of Mn on children's cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissie F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Neuropsicologia Cognitiva e Escolar, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil; Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Cassio Santos-Lima
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Breno Souza-Marques
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo G Lorenzo
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo J A F França
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca Araújo-Dos-Santos
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tainã J Veloso
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana L G Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cecília F S Araújo
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathália R Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Matheus J Bandeira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura S Anjos
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Donna Mergler
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur la Biologie, la Santé, la Société et l'Environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec a Montreal, Canada
| | - Neander Abreu
- Clinical and Cognitive Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
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Oshiro WM, McDaniel KL, Beasley TE, Moser V, Herr DW. Impacts of a perinatal exposure to manganese coupled with maternal stress in rats: Learning, memory and attentional function in exposed offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107077. [PMID: 35189282 PMCID: PMC10578066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The developmental effects of chemicals that co-occur in vulnerable populations with elevated psychological stress are of increasing concern to the public. To investigate these concerns, we developed a rodent model of co-occurring perinatal manipulations and conducted a series of cognitive assessments in male and female offspring. Manganese (Mn), a neurodevelopmental toxicant when exceeding physiological requirements, was delivered in the drinking water (0, 2, or 4 mg Mn/mL) of rats from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 22. A variable perinatal stress paradigm was applied to half of the animals from GD13 to PND9. Novel object recognition (NOR), Morris water maze (MWM), differential reinforcement of low-rates procedure (DRL) and cued and uncued choice reaction time (CRT) tests were used to assess cognitive functions in offspring. Mn (4 mg/mL) and stress impaired NOR in adolescent males but facilitated NOR performance in females. However, when stress and Mn were combined these effects were attenuated in both sexes. During training for the DRL, Mn (2 mg/mL) facilitated, while stress impaired, lever press learning in both sexes. Few effects related to the treatments were found on DRL or MWM. During cued CRT, Mn (2 and 4 mg/mL) and stress reduced accuracy in males, while stress and Mn (2 mg/mL) increased anticipatory responding and slowed decision time in both sexes. Stress combined with Mn (2 mg/mL) improved cued accuracy and decision time, and Mn attenuated the effect of stress on anticipatory responding in both sexes. Stress slowed female movement time but when combined with Mn (4 mg/mL) the effect of stress was attenuated. During uncued CRT, except for decision time (which replicated effects observed with the cued task), no other effects of Mn or its combination with stress occurred. Females remained negatively affected by stress in most uncued CRT performance measures, while stressed improved male uncued accuracy. Taken together these data do not support increased cognitive impairment produced by Mn when combined with stress. However, the effects of perinatal stress alone, on these cognitive functions may hinder the detection of effects due to chemical exposures and underscores the need to consider the psychological health and wellbeing of the mother and her environment in risk assessment for developmental neurotoxicity of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Oshiro
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America.
| | - K L McDaniel
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America
| | - T E Beasley
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America
| | - V Moser
- Retired, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States of America
| | - D W Herr
- Public Health & Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, United States of America
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Schildroth S, Friedman A, Bauer JA, Claus Henn B. Associations of a metal mixture with iron status in U.S. adolescents: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2022; 2022:67-89. [PMID: 35445799 PMCID: PMC9492632 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron is needed for normal development in adolescence. Exposure to individual environmental metals (e.g., lead) has been associated with altered iron status in adolescence, but little is known about the cumulative associations of multiple metals with Fe status. We used data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine associations between a metal mixture (lead, manganese, cadmium, selenium) and iron status in 588 U.S. adolescents (12-17 years). We estimated cumulative and interactive associations of the metal mixture with five iron status metrics using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR). Higher concentrations of manganese and cadmium were associated with lower log-transformed ferritin concentrations. Interactions were observed between manganese, cadmium, and lead for ferritin and the transferrin receptor, where iron status tended to be worse at higher concentrations of all metals. These results may reflect competition between environmental metals and iron for cellular uptake. Mixed metal exposures may alter normal iron function, which has implications for adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexa Friedman
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, Hanover, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Impacts of a perinatal exposure to manganese coupled with maternal stress in rats: Tests of untrained behaviors. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 91:107088. [PMID: 35278630 PMCID: PMC9133146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an element that naturally occurs in the environment, has been shown to produce neurotoxic effects on the developing young when levels exceed physiological requirements. To evaluate the effects of this chemical in combination with non-chemical factors pregnant Long-Evans rats were treated with 0, 2, or 4 mg/mL Mn in their drinking water from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 22. Half of the dams received a variable stress protocol from GD13 to PND9, that included restraint, small cage with reduced bedding, exposure to predator odor, intermittent intervals of white noise, lights on for 24 h, intermittent intervals of lights on during dark cycle and cages with grid floors and reduced bedding. One male and one female offspring from each litter were tested to assess untrained behavior. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) were recorded from PND13 pups while they were isolated from the litter. Locomotor activity (MA) was measured in figure-eight mazes at PND 17, 29, and 79 (different set of rats at each time point). Social approach (SA) was tested at PND48. Acoustic startle response (ASR) and pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) were measured starting at PND58. At PND53 a sweetness preference for a chocolate flavored milk solution was assessed. There were sex related differences on several parameters for the USVs. There was also a Mn by stress by sex interaction with the females from the 4 mg/mL stressed dams having more frequency modulated (FM) call elements than the 4 mg/mL non-stressed group. There was an effect of Mn on motor activity but only at PND29 with the 2 mg/mL group having higher counts than the 0 mg/mL group. The social approach test showed sex differences for both the habituation and test phase. There was an effect of Mn, with the 4 mg/mL males having a greater preference for the stimulus rat than did the 0 mg/mL males. There was also a stress by sex interaction. The ASR and PPI had only a sex effect. Thus, with only the FM call elements having a Mn by stress effect, and the PND29 MA and SA preference index having a Mn effect but at different doses requires further investigation.
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22
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Conley TE, Richardson C, Pacheco J, Dave N, Jursa T, Guazzetti S, Lucchini RG, Fendorf S, Ritchie RO, Smith DR. Bone manganese is a sensitive biomarker of ongoing elevated manganese exposure, but does not accumulate across the lifespan. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112355. [PMID: 34774504 PMCID: PMC10413361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies have established associations between environmental and occupational manganese (Mn) exposure and executive and motor function deficits in children, adolescents, and adults. These health risks from elevated Mn exposure underscore the need for effective exposure biomarkers to improve exposure classification and help detect/diagnose Mn-related impairments. Here, neonate rats were orally exposed to 0, 25, or 50 mg Mn/kg/day during early life (PND 1-21) or lifelong through ∼ PND 500 to determine the relationship between oral Mn exposure and blood, brain, and bone Mn levels over the lifespan, whether Mn accumulates in bone, and whether elevated bone Mn altered the local atomic and mineral structure of bone, or its biomechanical properties. Additionally, we assessed levels of bone Mn compared to bone lead (Pb) in aged humans (age 41-91) living in regions impacted by historic industrial ferromanganese activity. The animal studies show that blood, brain, and bone Mn levels naturally decrease across the lifespan without elevated Mn exposure. With elevated exposure, bone Mn levels were strongly associated with blood Mn levels, bone Mn was more sensitive to elevated exposures than blood or brain Mn, and Mn did not accumulate with lifelong elevated exposure. Elevated early life Mn exposure caused some changes in bone mineral properties, including altered local atomic structure of hydroxyapatite, along with some biomechanical changes in bone stiffness in weanlings or young adult animals. In aged humans, blood Mn ranged from 5.4 to 23.5 ng/mL; bone Mn was universally low, and decreased with age, but did not vary based on sex or female parity history. Unlike Pb, bone Mn showed no evidence of accumulation over the lifespan, and may not be a biomarker of cumulative long-term exposure. Thus, bone may be a useful biomarker of recent ongoing Mn exposure in humans, and may be a relatively minor target of elevated exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Conley
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
| | - Cardius Richardson
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Juan Pacheco
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Neil Dave
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Jursa
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Stefano Guazzetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili 1, 25125, Brescia, Italy; Department of Environmental Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33139, USA
| | - Scott Fendorf
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA.
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Wilcox JM, Consoli DC, Paffenroth KC, Spitznagel BD, Calipari ES, Bowman AB, Harrison FE. Manganese-induced hyperactivity and dopaminergic dysfunction depend on age, sex and YAC128 genotype. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 213:173337. [PMID: 35063467 PMCID: PMC8833139 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient but is neurotoxic in excess. Environmental and genetic factors influence vulnerability to Mn toxicity, including sex, age, and the autosomal dominant mutation that causes Huntington disease (HD). To better understand the differential effects of Mn in wild-type (WT) versus YAC128 mice, we examined impacts of Mn exposure across different ages and sexes on disease-relevant behavioral tasks and dopamine dynamics. Young (3-week) and aged (12-month) WT and YAC128 mice received control (70 ppm) or high (2400 ppm) Mn diet for 8 weeks followed by a battery of behavioral tasks. In young female WT mice, high Mn diet induced hyperactivity across two independent behavioral tasks. Changes in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were consistent with the behavioral data in young females such that elevated TH in YAC128 on control diet was decreased by high Mn diet. Aged YAC128 mice showed the expected disease-relevant behavioral impairments in females and decreased TH expression, but we observed no significant effects of Mn diet in either genotype of the aged group. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry recorded dopamine release and clearance in the nucleus accumbens of eight-month-old WT and YAC128 mice following acute Mn exposure (3×/1 week subcutaneous injections of 50 mg/kg MnCl[2]-tetrahydrate or saline). In WT mice, Mn exposure led to faster dopamine clearance that resembled saline treated YAC128 mice. Mn treatment increased dopamine release only in YAC128 mice, possibly indirectly correcting the faster dopamine clearance observed in saline treated YAC128 mice. The same exposure paradigm led to decreased dopamine and serotonin and metabolites (3-MT, HVA and 5-HIAA) in striatum and increased glutamate in YAC128 mice but not WT mice. These studies confirm an adverse effect of Mn in young, female WT animals and support a role for Mn exposure in stabilizing dopaminergic dysfunction and motivated behavior in early HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn M. Wilcox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,corresponding author: Jordyn M. Wilcox, PhD, , 2215 Garland Ave, Medical Research Building IV, 7445, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - David C. Consoli
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Brittany D. Spitznagel
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Erin S. Calipari
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Departments of Pharmacology, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Fiona E. Harrison
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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Regan SL, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Review of rodent models of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:621-637. [PMID: 34848247 PMCID: PMC8816876 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a polygenic neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 8-12 % of children and >4 % of adults. Environmental factors are believed to interact with genetic predispositions to increase susceptibility to ADHD. No existing rodent model captures all aspects of ADHD, but several show promise. The main genetic models are the spontaneous hypertensive rat, dopamine transporter knock-out (KO) mice, dopamine receptor subtype KO mice, Snap-25 KO mice, guanylyl cyclase-c KO mice, and latrophilin-3 KO mice and rats. Environmental factors thought to contribute to ADHD include ethanol, nicotine, PCBs, lead (Pb), ionizing irradiation, 6-hydroxydopamine, neonatal hypoxia, some pesticides, and organic pollutants. Model validation criteria are outlined, and current genetic models evaluated against these criteria. Future research should explore induced multiple gene KOs given that ADHD is polygenic and epigenetic contributions. Furthermore, genetic models should be combined with environmental agents to test for interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Regan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229,Corresponding author: Charles V. Vorhees, Ph.D., Div. of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA:
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25
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OUP accepted manuscript. Metallomics 2022; 14:6564191. [DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Impacts of a perinatal exposure to manganese coupled with maternal stress in rats: Maternal somatic measures and the postnatal growth and development of rat offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 90:107061. [PMID: 34971732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress experienced by the mother during pregnancy has been associated with emotional and cognitive disorders in children such as depression and anxiety. Socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are vulnerable to adverse life experiences and can also be disproportionally exposed to environmental contaminants. To better understand the neurodevelopmental impacts of an environmental toxicant coupled with elevated psychological stress, we exposed pregnant rats to a series of perinatal stressors. Manganese (Mn), a neurotoxicant at excessive concentrations was delivered through drinking water (0, 2, or 4 mg/mL) from gestational day (GD) 7 to postnatal day (PND) 22. A variable stress paradigm was applied to half of the animals from GD13 to PND9. Measurements of somatic development and behavior were examined in the offspring at different developmental stages. No evidence of overt maternal toxicity was observed although the 4 mg/mL Mn-exposed dams gained less body weight during gestation compared to the other dams. Stress also reduced gestational maternal weight gain. Daily fluid consumption normalized for body weight was decreased in the Mn-exposed dams in a dose-dependent manner but was not altered by the stress paradigm. Maternal stress and/or Mn exposure did not affect litter size or viability, but pup weight was significantly reduced in the 4 mg/mL Mn-exposed groups on PNDs 9 through 34 when compared to the other offspring groups. The efficacy of the manipulations to increase maternal stress levels was determined using serum corticosterone as a biomarker. The baseline concentration was established prior to treatment (GD7) and levels were low and similar in all treatment groups. Corticosterone levels were elevated in the perinatal-stress groups compared to the no-stress groups, regardless of Mn exposure, on subsequent time points (GD16, PND9), but were only significantly different on GD16. An analysis of tissue concentrations revealed Mn was elevated similarly in the brain and blood of offspring at PND2 and at PND22 in a significant dose-dependent pattern. Dams also showed a dose-dependent increase in Mn concentrations in the brain and blood; the addition of stress increased the Mn concentrations in the maternal blood but not the brain. Perinatal stress did not alter the effects of Mn on the maternal or offspring somatic endpoints described here.
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Fasano G, Godoy RS, Angiulli E, Consalvo A, Franco C, Mancini M, Santucci D, Alleva E, Ciavardelli D, Toni M, Biffali E, Ekker M, Canzoniero LMT, Sordino P. Effects of low-dose methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl-derived manganese on the development of diencephalic dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117151. [PMID: 34020261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fuel additive methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is counted as an organic manganese (Mn)-derived compound. The toxic effects of Mn (alone and complexed) on dopaminergic (DA) neurotransmission have been investigated in both cellular and animal models. However, the impact of environmentally relevant Mn exposure on DA neurodevelopment is rather poorly understood. In the present study, the MMT dose of 100 μM (about 5 mg Mn/L) caused up-regulation of DA-related genes in association with cell body swelling and increase in the number of DA neurons of the ventral diencephalon subpopulation DC2. Furthermore, our analysis identified significant brain Mn bioaccumulation and enhancement of total dopamine levels in association with locomotor hyperactivity. Although DA levels were restored at adulthood, we observed a deficit in the acquisition and consolidation of memory. Collectively, these findings suggest that developmental exposure to low-level MMT-derived Mn is responsible for the selective alteration of diencephalic DA neurons and with long-lasting effects on fish explorative behaviour in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fasano
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Francesco de Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy; Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Rafael Soares Godoy
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada
| | - Elisa Angiulli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ''Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Via Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Consalvo
- Centro Scienze Dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT, Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Dei Vestini, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Franco
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Francesco de Sanctis, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Maria Mancini
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, New York, NY, 10016, USA; NYU Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, New York University School of Medicine, 222 East 41st Street, New York, NY, 10017, USA
| | - Daniela Santucci
- Centro di Riferimento per le Scienze Comportamentali e La Salute Mentale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Alleva
- Centro di Riferimento per le Scienze Comportamentali e La Salute Mentale, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Ciavardelli
- Centro Scienze Dell'Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale - CeSI-MeT, Via Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy; School of Human and Social Science, "Kore" University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100, Enna, Italy
| | - Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ''Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Via Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elio Biffali
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Marie-Curie Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 9A7, Canada
| | | | - Paolo Sordino
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Naples, Italy.
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Bauer JA, White RF, Coull BA, Austin C, Oppini M, Zoni S, Fedrighi C, Cagna G, Placidi D, Guazzetti S, Yang Q, Bellinger DC, Webster TF, Wright RO, Smith D, Horton M, Lucchini RG, Arora M, Claus Henn B. Critical windows of susceptibility in the association between manganese and neurocognition in Italian adolescents living near ferro-manganese industry. Neurotoxicology 2021; 87:51-61. [PMID: 34478771 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the neurodevelopmental effects of manganese (Mn) is complicated due to its essentiality for growth and development. While evidence exists for the harmful effects of excess Mn, pediatric epidemiologic studies have observed inconsistent associations between Mn and child cognition. OBJECTIVE We sought to estimate prospective associations between Mn measured in three different early-life time windows with adolescent cognition using deciduous teeth biomarkers. METHODS Deciduous teeth were collected from 195 participants (ages 10-14 years) of the Public Health Impact of Manganese Exposure (PHIME) study in Brescia, Italy. Measurements of tooth Mn represented prenatal (∼14 weeks gestation - birth), early postnatal (birth - 1.5 years) and childhood (∼1.5 - 6 years) time windows. Neuropsychologists administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition (WISC-III), to obtain composite IQ and subtest scores. Associations between tooth Mn at each time window and adolescent WISC-III scores were estimated using multivariable linear regression. We tested differences in associations between Mn and outcomes across time windows using multiple informant models. Sex-specific associations were explored in stratified models. RESULTS Adjusted associations between tooth Mn and composite IQ scores were positive in the prenatal period and negative in the childhood period. Associations were strongest for subtest scores that reflect working memory, problem solving, visuospatial ability and attention: prenatal Mn was positively associated with Digits backward [SD change in score per interquartile range increase in Mn: β = 0.20 (95 % CI: 0.02, 0.38)] and Block design [β = 0.21 (0.01, 0.41)] and early postnatal Mn was positively associated with Digits forward [β = 0.24 (0.09, 0.40)], while childhood Mn was negatively associated with Coding [β = -0.14 (-0.28, -0.001)]. Sex-stratified analyses suggested different Mn-cognition associations for boys and girls and was also dependent on the time window of exposure. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that exposure timing is critical when evaluating Mn associations between Mn and cognition. Higher prenatal Mn was beneficial for adolescent cognition; however, these beneficial associations shifted towards harmful effects in later time windows. Cognitive domains most sensitive to Mn across time windows included visuospatial ability, working memory, attention and problem-solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Oppini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy; School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Carmona A, Roudeau S, Ortega R. Molecular Mechanisms of Environmental Metal Neurotoxicity: A Focus on the Interactions of Metals with Synapse Structure and Function. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9090198. [PMID: 34564349 PMCID: PMC8471991 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to neurotoxic metals and metalloids such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, or manganese is a global health concern affecting millions of people worldwide. Depending on the period of exposure over a lifetime, environmental metals can alter neurodevelopment, neurobehavior, and cognition and cause neurodegeneration. There is increasing evidence linking environmental exposure to metal contaminants to the etiology of neurological diseases in early life (e.g., autism spectrum disorder) or late life (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). The known main molecular mechanisms of metal-induced toxicity in cells are the generation of reactive oxygen species, the interaction with sulfhydryl chemical groups in proteins (e.g., cysteine), and the competition of toxic metals with binding sites of essential metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn). In neurons, these molecular interactions can alter the functions of neurotransmitter receptors, the cytoskeleton and scaffolding synaptic proteins, thereby disrupting synaptic structure and function. Loss of synaptic connectivity may precede more drastic alterations such as neurodegeneration. In this article, we will review the molecular mechanisms of metal-induced synaptic neurotoxicity.
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Batschauer AR, Souza TL, Manuitt Brito PE, Neto FF, Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Ortolani-Machado CF. Behavioral and neurochemical effects in mice after one-generation exposure to low doses of manganese: Focus on offspring development. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109532. [PMID: 34058180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The risk of exposure to toxic metals is a known concern to human populations. The overexposure to Mn can lead to a pathological condition, with symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease. Although toxicity of Mn has been reported, studies in neonates are scarce but necessary, as Mn can cross biological barriers. The present study evaluated if chronic perinatal exposure to Mn at low doses lead to neurotoxic effects in mice, after direct and indirect exposure. Couples of mice were exposed to Mn (0.013, 0.13, and 1.3 mg kg-1.day-1) for 60 days prior to mating, as well as during gestation and lactation. The offspring was distributed into two groups: animals that were not exposed after weaning - parental exposure only (PE); and animals subject to additional 60-day exposure through gavages after weaning - parental and direct exposure (PDE). Neurological effects were evaluated by Mn quantification, behavior tests and biochemical markers in the brain. PDE animals had alterations in short/long-term memory and increased anxiety-like behavior. Exposure to Mn triggered a decrease of glutathione-s-transferase and increase of cholinesterase activity in different regions of the brain. These findings highlight the risk of exposure to low doses of Mn over a generation and at early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amândia R Batschauer
- Laboratory of Embryotoxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tugstênio L Souza
- Laboratory of Embryotoxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia E Manuitt Brito
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ciro A Oliveira Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Cell Toxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Claudia F Ortolani-Machado
- Laboratory of Embryotoxicology, Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Lasley SM, Fornal CA, Mandal S, Strupp BJ, Beaudin SA, Smith DR. Early Postnatal Manganese Exposure Reduces Rat Cortical and Striatal Biogenic Amine Activity in Adulthood. Toxicol Sci 2021; 173:144-155. [PMID: 31560393 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence from studies with children and animal models suggests that elevated levels of manganese during early development lead to lasting cognitive and fine motor deficits. This study was performed to assess presynaptic biogenic amine function in forebrain of adult Long-Evans rats exposed orally to 0, 25, or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over postnatal day 1-21 or continuously from birth to the end of the study (approximately postnatal day 500). Intracerebral microdialysis in awake rats quantified evoked outflow of biogenic amines in the right medial prefrontal cortex and left striatum. Results indicated that brain manganese levels in the early life exposed groups (postnatal day 24) largely returned to control levels by postnatal day 66, whereas levels in the lifelong exposed groups remained elevated 10%-20% compared with controls at the same ages. Manganese exposure restricted to the early postnatal period caused lasting reductions in cortical potassium-stimulated extracellular norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, and reductions in striatal extracellular dopamine. Lifelong manganese exposure produced similar effects with the addition of significant decreases in cortical dopamine that were not evident in the early postnatal exposed groups. These results indicate that early postnatal manganese exposure produces persistent deficits in cortical and striatal biogenic amine function. Given that these same animals exhibited lasting impairments in attention and fine motor function, these findings suggest that reductions in catecholaminergic activity are a primary factor underlying the behavioral effects caused by manganese, and indicate that children exposed to elevated levels of manganese during early development are at the greatest risk for neuronal deficiencies that persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Lasley
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, Illinois 61605
| | - Casimir A Fornal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, Illinois 61605
| | - Shyamali Mandal
- Business Development, BioVision Inc, Milpitas, California 95035
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95340
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California - Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
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Mitchell EJ, Frisbie SH, Roudeau S, Carmona A, Ortega R. How much manganese is safe for infants? A review of the scientific basis of intake guidelines and regulations relevant to the manganese content of infant formulas. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 65:126710. [PMID: 33450552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has uncovered the potential for excess manganese (Mn) intakes causing significant neurotoxic effects for early brain development. METHODS We identified the Mn tolerable intakes (TI) published by the U.S. Institute of Medicine (IOM), World Health Organization (WHO), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire (ANSES), and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and examined the primary studies on which regulatory TIs are based. We converted the TIs to μg of Mn/kg/day using standard assumptions specific to each agency. We estimated μg of Mn/kg/day intakes due to formulas. Using our estimates for formula intakes, weights, and kcal content, we converted regulatory maxima and minima from μg of Mn/100 kcals to estimates of μg of Mn/kg/day. RESULTS Except for the proposed ANSES TI for drinking water, none of the primary studies on which Mn intake guidelines and regulations are based measured health outcomes. Some infant formulas may exceed the regulatory TIs, especially if prepared with water containing considerable concentrations of Mn (e.g. 250 μg/L), even while meeting national and international regulatory standards or guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Infant formula regulations must be revised to reduce the potential for excess manganese intakes and the practice of manganese supplementation of infant formulas should be ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Mitchell
- Better Life Laboratories, Inc., 293 George Road, East Calais, VT, USA.
| | - Seth H Frisbie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norwich University, Northfield, VT, USA.
| | - Stéphane Roudeau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France.
| | - Asuncion Carmona
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France.
| | - Richard Ortega
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, CENBG, UMR 5797, F-33170, Gradignan, France.
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Scher DP, Goeden HM, Klos KS. Potential for Manganese-Induced Neurologic Harm to Formula-Fed Infants: A Risk Assessment of Total Oral Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:47011. [PMID: 33848192 PMCID: PMC8043326 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High oral exposure and biological vulnerabilities may put formula-fed infants at risk for manganese-induced neurotoxicity. OBJECTIVES We sought to characterize manganese concentrations in public drinking water and prepared infant formulas commonly purchased in the United States, integrate information from these sources into a health risk assessment specific to formula-fed infants, and examine whether households that receive water with elevated manganese concentrations avoid or treat the water, which has implications for formula preparation. METHODS Manganese was measured in 27 infant formulas and nearly all Minnesota community public water systems (CPWS). The risk assessment produced central tendency and upper-end exposure estimates that were compared to a neonatal animal-based health reference dose (RfD) and considered possible differences in bioavailability. A survey study assessed esthetic concerns, treatment, and use of water in a Twin Cities community with various levels of manganese in drinking water. RESULTS Ten percent of CPWSs were estimated to exceed the EPA health advisory level of 300 μ g / L . Manganese concentrations in formula ranged from 69.8 to 741 μ g / L , with amino acid > soy > cow ' s milk formula concentrations. Central tendency estimates of soy and amino acid formula reconstituted with water at the CPWS 95th percentile manganese concentration exceeded the neonatal-based RfD. Upper-end estimates of manganese intake from formula alone, independent of any water contribution, equaled or exceeded the neonatal-based RfD. In the survey study, we observed increased awareness of esthetic issues and water avoidance at higher manganese concentrations, but these concentrations were not a reliable consumption deterrent, as the majority of households with inside tap drinking water results above 300 μ g / L reported drinking the water. DISCUSSION Excessive exposure to manganese early in life can have long-lasting neurological impacts. This assessment underscores the potential for manganese overexposure in formula-fed infants. U.S. agencies that regulate formula and drinking water must work collaboratively to assess and mitigate potential risks. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7901.
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Vieira VM, Levy JI, Fabian MP, Korrick S. Assessing the relation of chemical and non-chemical stressors with risk-taking related behavior and adaptive individual attributes among adolescents living near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106199. [PMID: 33126063 PMCID: PMC7775916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life exposure to neurotoxicants and non-chemical psychosocial stressors can impede development of prefrontal cortical functions that promote behavioral regulation and thereby may predispose to adolescent risk-taking related behaviors (e.g., substance use or high-risk sexual activity). This is particularly concerning for communities exposed to multiple stressors. METHODS This study examined the relation of exposure to mixtures of chemical stressors, non-chemical psychosocial stressors, and other risk factors with neuropsychological correlates of risk-taking. Specifically, we assessed psychometric measures of both adverse behavioral regulation and adaptive attributes among adolescents (age ∼ 15 years) in the New Bedford Cohort (NBC), a sociodemographically diverse cohort of 788 children born 1993-1998 to mothers residing near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site. The NBC includes biomarkers of prenatal exposure to organochlorines and metals; sociodemographic, parental and home characteristics; and periodic neurodevelopmental assessments. We modelled exposure mixtures using multi-dimensional smooths within generalized additive models. RESULTS Children of younger mothers with lower IQ who were exposed prenatally to higher polychlorinated biphenyls and lead had poorer anger control. This pattern was not apparent for children of older mothers with higher IQs. Direction of associations between increased hyperactivity and prenatal levels of organochlorine mixtures differed by maternal age and depression symptoms. Higher cord blood Pb levels, in conjunction with poorer HOME scores, were associated with poorer self-esteem when mothers had fewer depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Analyses suggest that prenatal chemical exposures and non-chemical factors interact to contribute to neuropsychological correlates of risk-taking behaviors in adolescence. By simultaneously considering multiple factors associated with adverse behavioral regulation, we identified potential high-risk combinations that reflect both chemical and psychosocial stressors amenable to intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica M Vieira
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Korrick
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Rechtman E, Curtin P, Papazaharias DM, Renzetti S, Cagna G, Peli M, Levin-Schwartz Y, Placidi D, Smith DR, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Horton MK. Sex-specific associations between co-exposure to multiple metals and visuospatial learning in early adolescence. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:358. [PMID: 33087698 PMCID: PMC7578810 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The predisposition, severity, and progression of many diseases differ between males and females. Sex-related differences in susceptibility to neurotoxicant exposures may provide insight into the cause of the observed discrepancy. Early adolescence, a period of substantial structural and functional brain changes, may present a critical window of vulnerability to environmental exposures. This study aimed to examine sex-specific associations between co-exposure to multiple metals and visuospatial memory in early adolescence. Manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) were measured in blood, urine, hair, nails, and saliva of 188 participants (88 girls; 10-14 years of age). Visuospatial memory skills were assessed using a computerized maze task, the virtual radial arm maze (VRAM). Using generalized weighted quantile sum regression, we investigated sex-specific associations between the combined effect of exposure to the metal mixture and visuospatial working memory and determined the contribution of each component to the outcome. The results suggest that sex moderates the association between the metal mixture and visuospatial learning for all outcomes measured. In girls, exposure was associated with slower visuospatial learning and driven by Mn and Cu. In boys, exposure was associated with faster visuospatial learning, and driven by Cr. These results suggest that (a) the effect of metal co-exposure on learning differs in magnitude, and in the direction between sexes, and (b) early adolescence may be a sensitive developmental period for metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elza Rechtman
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Demetrios M Papazaharias
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Peli
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Yuri Levin-Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Hernández-Plata I, Rodríguez VM, Tovar-Sánchez E, Carrizalez L, Villalobos P, Mendoza-Trejo MS, Mussali-Galante P. Metal brain bioaccumulation and neurobehavioral effects on the wild rodent Liomys irroratus inhabiting mine tailing areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:36330-36349. [PMID: 32556984 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ecotoxicological studies are necessary in order to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure of chemicals on wild animals and their ecological consequences. Particularly, neurobehavioral effects of heavy metal elements on wild rodents have been scarcely investigated. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of metal bioaccumulation (Pb, As, Mg, Ni, and Zn) in the brain and in the liver on exploratory activity, learning, memory, and on some dopaminergic markers in the wild rodent Liomys irroratus living inside mine tailings, at Huautla, Morelos, Mexico. We found higher Pb concentration but lower Zn in striatum, nucleus accumbens, midbrain, and hippocampus in exposed animals in comparison to rodents from the reference site. Exposed rodents exhibited anxious behavior evaluated in the open field, while no alterations in learning were found. However, they displayed slight changes in the memory test in comparison to reference group. The neurochemical evaluation showed higher levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in midbrain, while lower levels of metabolites dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid and homovanillic acid in striatum of exposed rodents. In addition, mRNA expression levels of dopaminergic D2 receptors in nucleus accumbens were lower in animals from the mining zone than in animals from the reference zone. This is the first study that shows that chronic environmental exposure to metals results in behavioral and neurochemical alterations in the wild rodent L. irroratus, a fact that may comprise the survival of the individuals resulting in long-term effects at the population level. Finally, we suggest the use of L. irroratus as a sentinel species for environmental biomonitoring of mining sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Hernández-Plata
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Verónica M Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación para la Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leticia Carrizalez
- Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Sierra Leona #550, Col. Lomas 2a Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Patricia Villalobos
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - María Soledad Mendoza-Trejo
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230, México
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Kersemans V, Wallington S, Allen PD, Gilchrist S, Kinchesh P, Browning R, Vallis KA, Schilling K, Holdship P, Stork LA, Smart S. Manganese-free chow, a refined non-invasive solution to reduce gastrointestinal signal for T 1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the mouse abdomen. Lab Anim 2020; 54:353-364. [PMID: 31526094 PMCID: PMC7425378 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219869363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Commercial mouse chow is designed to provide a complete, nutrient-rich diet, and it can contain upwards of 100 mg/kg manganese, an essential mineral. Manganese acts as a relaxation time-shortening contrast agent for both T1 and T2, and where standard chow is hydrated in the gastrointestinal tract, bright signals are produced when using T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). As a result of peristalsis, gastrointestinal hyperintensities result in temporally unstable signals, leading to image ghosting and decreased resolution from that prescribed. To avoid the problem, various methods of gastrointestinal tract modulation, including the use of intestinal cleansing with laxatives and dietary modulation, have been reported. Here, dietary modulation has been extended to the use of a biologically innocuous, long-term change of diet. In this study, we report on the use of a commercially available manganese-free chow to improve the image quality of the gastrointestinal tract. This manganese-free chow, apart from the omitted manganese which is available in tap water, is a complete diet and readily available. We investigated the time-dependent, diet-related gastrointestinal intensities on short-TR T1WI magnetic resonance imaging; monitored body mass, food and water consumption and standard blood biochemistry analysis following diet change; and determined manganese concentration in blood plasma following a five-day change to manganese-free chow. We show that the manganese-free chow presents a refinement to other gastrointestinal tract modulation, as it avoids the need for invasive procedures for gut voiding and can be provided ad libitum so that animals can be maintained with no need for prescribed diet change before imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Kersemans
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sheena Wallington
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip D Allen
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stuart Gilchrist
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Kinchesh
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Browning
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Phil Holdship
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee-Anne Stork
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean Smart
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Conley TE, Beaudin SA, Lasley SM, Fornal CA, Hartman J, Uribe W, Khan T, Strupp BJ, Smith DR. Early postnatal manganese exposure causes arousal dysregulation and lasting hypofunctioning of the prefrontal cortex catecholaminergic systems. J Neurochem 2020; 153:631-649. [PMID: 31811785 PMCID: PMC7261255 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies have reported associations between environmental manganese (Mn) exposure and impaired cognition, attention, impulse control, and fine motor function in children. Our recent rodent studies established that elevated Mn exposure causes these impairments. Here, rats were exposed orally to 0, 25, or 50 mg Mn kg-1 day-1 during early postnatal life (PND 1-21) or lifelong to determine whether early life Mn exposure causes heightened behavioral reactivity in the open field, lasting changes in the catecholaminergic systems in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), altered dendritic spine density, and whether lifelong exposure exacerbates these effects. We also assessed astrocyte reactivity (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP), and astrocyte complement C3 and S100A10 protein levels as markers of A1 proinflammatory or A2 anti-inflammatory reactive astrocytes. Postnatal Mn exposure caused heightened behavioral reactivity during the first 5-10 min intervals of daily open field test sessions, consistent with impairments in arousal regulation. Mn exposure reduced the evoked release of norepinephrine (NE) and caused decreased protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine (DA) and NE transporters, and DA D1 receptors, along with increased DA D2 receptors. Mn also caused a lasting increase in reactive astrocytes (GFAP) exhibiting increased A1 and A2 phenotypes, with a greater induction of the A1 proinflammatory phenotype. These results demonstrate that early life Mn exposure causes broad lasting hypofunctioning of the mPFC catecholaminergic systems, consistent with the impaired arousal regulation, attention, impulse control, and fine motor function reported in these animals, suggesting that mPFC catecholaminergic dysfunction may underlie similar impairments reported in Mn-exposed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E. Conley
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Stephane A. Beaudin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Stephen M. Lasley
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, 61605, USA
| | - Casimir A. Fornal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL, 61605, USA
| | - Jasenia Hartman
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Walter Uribe
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Tooba Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Barbara J. Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Donald R. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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Taylor CA, Tuschl K, Nicolai MM, Bornhorst J, Gubert P, Varão AM, Aschner M, Smith DR, Mukhopadhyay S. Maintaining Translational Relevance in Animal Models of Manganese Neurotoxicity. J Nutr 2020; 150:1360-1369. [PMID: 32211802 PMCID: PMC7269748 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese is an essential metal, but elevated brain Mn concentrations produce a parkinsonian-like movement disorder in adults and fine motor, attentional, cognitive, and intellectual deficits in children. Human Mn neurotoxicity occurs owing to elevated exposure from occupational or environmental sources, defective excretion (e.g., due to cirrhosis), or loss-of-function mutations in the Mn transporters solute carrier family 30 member 10 or solute carrier family 39 member 14. Animal models are essential to study Mn neurotoxicity, but in order to be translationally relevant, such models should utilize environmentally relevant Mn exposure regimens that reproduce changes in brain Mn concentrations and neurological function evident in human patients. Here, we provide guidelines for Mn exposure in mice, rats, nematodes, and zebrafish so that brain Mn concentrations and neurobehavioral sequelae remain directly relatable to the human phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherish A Taylor
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Karin Tuschl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom,Address correspondence to KT (e-mail: )
| | - Merle M Nicolai
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami-LIKA, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil,Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M Varão
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Address correspondence to SM (e-mail: )
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Soares ATG, da Silva AC, Tinkov AA, Khan H, Santamaría A, Skalnaya MG, Skalny AV, Tsatsakis A, Bowman AB, Aschner M, Ávila DS. The impact of manganese on neurotransmitter systems. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126554. [PMID: 32480053 PMCID: PMC7677177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is a metal ubiquitously present in nature and essential for many living organisms. As a trace element, it is required in small amounts for the proper functioning of several important enzymes, and reports of Mn deficiency are indeed rare. METHODS This mini-review will cover aspects of Mn toxicokinetics and its impact on brain neurotransmission, as well as its Janus-faced effects on humans and other animal's health. RESULTS The estimated safe upper limit of intracellular Mn for physiological function is in anarrow range of 20-53 μM.Therefore, intake of higher levels of Mn and the outcomes, especially to the nervous system, have been well documented. CONCLUSION The metal affects mostly the brain by accumulating in specific areas, altering cognitive functions and locomotion, thus severely impacting the health of the exposed organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Thalita Gonçalves Soares
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa Campus Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Castro da Silva
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa Campus Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of pharmacy, Abdul Wali khan University Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, SSA. Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 460000, Orenburg, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa Campus Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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Nelson M, Adams T, Ojo C, Carroll MA, Catapane EJ. Manganese toxicity is targeting an early step in the dopamine signal transduction pathway that controls lateral cilia activity in the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea virginica. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 213:1-6. [PMID: 30010023 PMCID: PMC6103847 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Manganese is a neurotoxin causing manganism, a Parkinson-like clinical disorder. Manganese has been shown to interfere with dopaminergic neurotransmission, but the neurotoxic mechanism involved is not fully resolved. In the bivalve mollusc Crassostrea virginica also known as the eastern oyster, beating rates of lateral cilia of the gill are controlled by dopaminergic-serotonergic innervation originating from their cerebral and visceral ganglia. Terminal release of dopamine activates D2-like receptors on these gill cells inhibiting adenylyl cyclase and slowing cilia beating rates. In C. virginica, manganese treatment disrupts this dopaminergic innervation of the gill, preventing the normal cilio-inhibitory response of lateral cells to dopamine. In this study an adenylyl cyclase activator (forskolin) and two different inhibitors (MDL-12,330A and SQ 22,536) were used to determine if manganese had any effects on the adenylyl cyclase step of the dopamine D2 receptor signal transduction pathway. The results showed that neither the adenylyl cyclase activator nor the inhibitors were affected by manganese in the control of lateral ciliary activity. This suggests that in C. virginica the mechanism of manganese toxicity on the dopaminergic control of lateral ciliary activity is targeting an early step in the D2R signal transduction pathway, which may involve interference with D2 receptor activation or alternatively some other downstream signaling activity that does not affect adenylyl cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nelson
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Trevon Adams
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Christiana Ojo
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Margaret A Carroll
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA
| | - Edward J Catapane
- Department of Biology, Medgar Evers College, 1638 Bedford Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11225, USA.
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Rodrigues JLG, Araújo CFS, Dos Santos NR, Bandeira MJ, Anjos ALS, Carvalho CF, Lima CS, Abreu JNS, Mergler D, Menezes-Filho JA. Airborne manganese exposure and neurobehavior in school-aged children living near a ferro-manganese alloy plant. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:66-77. [PMID: 30007874 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to Mn can lead to its accumulation in the brain with neurotoxic consequences. In children, elevated Mn has been associated with deficits in certain neuropsychological domains such as cognition, motor function, memory and attention, and in some instances, hyperactivity and behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral effects in school-aged children living near a ferro-manganese alloy plant and examine their association with Mn exposure. Occipital hair, toenails and blood samples were collected from 225 children (7-12 years old) enrolled in four elementary schools with different levels of exposure to Mn, based on dust Mn deposition rates. Full data set collection was completed and run from 165 children. Mn in hair (MnH), toenails (MnTn), blood (MnB) and blood lead levels (PbB) were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Children's behavior was assessed with the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) reported by parents. Median levels and range of MnH, MnT and MnB were, respectively, 0.73 µg/g (0.16-8.79), 0.84 µg/g (0.15-9.29) and 8.98 μg/L (1.51-40.43). Median and range of PbB were 1.2 µg/dL (0.2-15.6). MnH and MnB were not associated with any scale of the CBCL behavior scores. We found a positive association between logMnTn and raw total CBCL score (β = 10.17, p = 0.034), adjusting for sex, age, maternal IQ and logPbB. Analyses using Generalized Additive Model showed non-linear associations between MnTn and externalizing behavior (p = 0.035), as well as with the related subscales: aggressive behavior (p = 0.045) and rule-breaking behavior (p = 0.024). Further positive associations were observed between MnTn and thought problems (p = 0.031) and social problems (p = 0.027). These findings corroborate previous studies showing an association between Mn exposures and externalizing behavior. Our results suggest that toenail Mn, as a biomarker of environmental exposure, is associated with disruptive behavior in children living near a ferro-manganese alloy plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana L G Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Cecília F S Araújo
- Environmental and Public Health Program, National School of Public Health, Oswald Cruz Foundation. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nathália R Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Matheus J Bandeira
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Ana Laura S Anjos
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | - Cassio S Lima
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | - Donna Mergler
- Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur le Bien-Être, la Santé, la Société et l'Environnement (CINBIOSE), Université du Québec à Montreal, Canada.
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil; Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
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Thompson KJ, Hein J, Baez A, Sosa JC, Wessling-Resnick M. Manganese transport and toxicity in polarized WIF-B hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G351-G363. [PMID: 29792530 PMCID: PMC6335010 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00103.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) toxicity arises from nutritional problems, community and occupational exposures, and genetic risks. Mn blood levels are controlled by hepatobiliary clearance. The goals of this study were to determine the cellular distribution of Mn transporters in polarized hepatocytes, to establish an in vitro assay for hepatocyte Mn efflux, and to examine possible roles the Mn transporters would play in metal import and export. For these experiments, hepatocytoma WIF-B cells were grown for 12-14 days to achieve maximal polarity. Immunoblots showed that Mn transporters ZIP8, ZnT10, ferroportin (Fpn), and ZIP14 were present. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy localized Fpn and ZIP14 to WIF-B cell basolateral domains whereas ZnT10 and ZIP8 associated with intracellular vesicular compartments. ZIP8-positive structures were distributed uniformly throughout the cytoplasm, but ZnT10-positive vesicles were adjacent to apical bile compartments. WIF-B cells were sensitive to Mn toxicity, showing decreased viability after 16 h exposure to >250 μM MnCl2. However, the hepatocytes were resistant to 4-h exposures of up to 500 μM MnCl2 despite 50-fold increased Mn content. Washout experiments showed time-dependent efflux with 80% Mn released after a 4 h chase period. Hepcidin reduced levels of Fpn in WIF-B cells, clearing Fpn from the cell surface, but Mn efflux was unaffected. The secretory inhibitor, brefeldin A, did block release of Mn from WIF-B cells, suggesting vesicle fusion may be involved in export. These results point to a possible role of ZnT10 to import Mn into vesicles that subsequently fuse with the apical membrane and empty their contents into bile. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Polarized WIF-B hepatocytes express manganese (Mn) transporters ZIP8, ZnT10, ferroportin (Fpn), and ZIP14. Fpn and ZIP14 localize to basolateral domains. ZnT10-positive vesicles were adjacent to apical bile compartments, and ZIP8-positive vesicles were distributed uniformly throughout the cytoplasm. WIF-B hepatocyte Mn export was resistant to hepcidin but inhibited by brefeldin A, pointing to an efflux mechanism involving ZnT10-mediated uptake of Mn into vesicles that subsequently fuse with and empty their contents across the apical bile canalicular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khristy J. Thompson
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Hein
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Baez
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose Carlo Sosa
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marianne Wessling-Resnick
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gomes Silva AP, da Silva Araujo Santiago M, Maranho LA, de Oliveira RP, Constantino DHJ, Pereira CDS, da Silva RCB, Perobelli JE. Could male reproductive system be the main target of subchronic exposure to manganese in adult animals? Toxicology 2018; 409:1-12. [PMID: 29990519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is one of the most common chemical elements on Earth and an essential micronutrient in animal organism. However, in supraphysiological levels and long-term exposures, it is a potential toxicant. Although nervous system is the most studied in relation to Mn toxicity, other tissues can have their function impaired by Mn in high doses. The present study investigated the possible adverse effects of subchronic exposure to supraphysiologic level of Mn (5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on reproductive, neurobehavioral, renal and hepatic parameters of male rats. For the first time, the vulnerability of these parameters to Mn was concomitantly investigated. While our results demonstrate that Mn treatments were not sufficient to produce a marked effect of neurotoxic, hepatotoxic or renal toxicity in adult rats, we found typical indicators of reproductive toxicity such as histopathological changes (major in testes and epididymis) and impaired sperm concentration and quality. Mn, under these experimental conditions, seems to exert reproductive toxicity by different testicular mechanisms, i.e. direct and indirect action on germ cells. On the other hand, exposure to Mn did not change the pattern of cognitive and emotional behaviors and the histological organization of kidneys of experimental rats. The liver showed a weight increasement and hidropic degeneration, probable due to the detoxification overload. In summary, for the first time it was demonstrated that adult male reproductive system was more sensitive to Mn toxicity than nervous, hepatic and renal systems, although nervous system is known as the main target tissue of this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Priscila Gomes Silva
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcella da Silva Araujo Santiago
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodolpho Pereira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia da Esquizofrenia, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Regina Cláudia Barbosa da Silva
- Laboratório de Psicobiologia da Esquizofrenia, Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental-LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Deriving A Drinking Water Guideline for A Non-Carcinogenic Contaminant: The Case of Manganese. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061293. [PMID: 29925794 PMCID: PMC6025359 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese is a natural contaminant of water sources. It is an essential oligo-element, which may exert toxicity at high doses, particularly via inhalation. Its toxicity by the oral route is less known, but epidemiological and experimental studies tend to support its neurodevelopmental toxicity in infants and children. This paper describes the method used by a middle-size public health institution to derive a Drinking Water Guideline (DWG) for manganese. After reviewing the work done by major public health institutions, authors confirmed the use of experimental data to derive a point-of-departure (POD) of 25 mg of manganese/kg/day, based on neurodevelopmental effects on pup rats. Then, a total uncertainty factor of 450 was applied to calculate a Toxicological Reference Value (TRV) of 55 µg/kg/day. The final DWG proposed for manganese is 60 µg/L and is based on a relative source contribution (RSC) of water of 20% and an infant drinking scenario of 182 mL/kg of body weight (BW) of water (95th percentile of the ingestion rate distribution for 0⁻6 months). Despite its limitations, e.g., starting with the work done by other agencies, such an approach demonstrates in a transparent way the rationale and challenging choices made by regulators when deriving a DWG.
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Paroxetine and Low-dose Risperidone Induce Serotonin 5-HT1A and Dopamine D2 Receptor Heteromerization in the Mouse Prefrontal Cortex. Neuroscience 2018; 377:184-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sprowles JLN, Amos-Kroohs RM, Braun AA, Sugimoto C, Vorhees CV, Williams MT. Developmental manganese, lead, and barren cage exposure have adverse long-term neurocognitive, behavioral and monoamine effects in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 67:50-64. [PMID: 29631003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Developmental stress, including low socioeconomic status (SES), can induce dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and result in long-term changes in stress reactivity. Children in lower SES households experience more stress and are more likely to be exposed to environmental neurotoxins such as lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) than children in higher SES households. Co-exposure to stress, Pb, and Mn during early development may increase the risk of central nervous system dysfunction compared with unexposed children. To investigate the potential interaction of these factors, Sprague-Dawley rats were bred, and litters born in-house were culled on postnatal day (P)1 to 6 males and 6 females. One male and female within each litter were assigned to one of the following groups: 0 (vehicle), 10 mg/kg Pb, 100 mg/kg Mn, or 10 mg/kg Pb + 100 mg/kg Mn (PbMn), water gavage, and handled only from P4-28 with half the litters reared in cages with standard bedding (29 litters) and half with no bedding (Barren; 27 litters). Mn and PbMn groups had decreased anxiety, reduced acoustic startle, initial open-field hypoactivity, increased activity following (+)-methamphetamine, deficits in egocentric learning in the Cincinnati water maze (CWM), and deficits in latent inhibition conditioning. Pb increased anxiety and reduced open-field activity. Barren-reared rats had decreased anxiety, CWM deficits, increased startle, and initial open-field hyperactivity. Mn, PbMn, Pb Barren-reared groups had impaired Morris water maze performance. Pb altered neostriatal serotonin and norepinephrine, Mn increased hippocampal serotonin in males, Mn + Barren-rearing increased neostriatal serotonin, and Barren-rearing decreased neostriatal dopamine in males. At the doses used here, most effects were in the Mn and PbMn groups. Few interactions between Mn, Pb, and rearing stress were found, indicating that the interaction of these three variables is not as impactful as hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L N Sprowles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Rhodes College, Department of Psychology, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, United States.
| | - Robyn M Amos-Kroohs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States; Virginia Department of Forensic Science, 700 North Fifth St, Richmond, VA 23219, United States
| | - Amanda A Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States
| | - Chiho Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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Claus Henn B, Austin C, Coull BA, Schnaas L, Gennings C, Horton MK, Hernández-Ávila M, Hu H, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO, Arora M. Uncovering neurodevelopmental windows of susceptibility to manganese exposure using dentine microspatial analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 161:588-598. [PMID: 29247915 PMCID: PMC5965684 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between manganese (Mn) and neurodevelopment may depend on dose and exposure timing, but most studies cannot measure exposure variability over time well. OBJECTIVE We apply temporally informative tooth-matrix biomarkers to uncover windows of susceptibility in early life when Mn is associated with visual motor ability in childhood. We also explore effect modification by lead (Pb) and child sex. METHODS Participants were drawn from the ELEMENT (Early Life Exposures in MExico and NeuroToxicology) longitudinal birth cohort studies. We reconstructed dose and timing of prenatal and early postnatal Mn and Pb exposures for 138 children by analyzing deciduous teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Neurodevelopment was assessed between 6 and 16 years of age using the Wide Range Assessment of Visual Motor Abilities (WRAVMA). Mn associations with total WRAVMA scores and subscales were estimated with multivariable generalized additive mixed models. We examined Mn interactions with Pb and child sex in stratified models. RESULTS Levels of dentine Mn were highest in the second trimester and declined steeply over the prenatal period, with a slower rate of decline after birth. Mn was positively associated with visual spatial and total WRAVMA scores in the second trimester, among children with lower (< median) tooth Pb levels: one standard deviation (SD) increase in ln-transformed dentine Mn at 150 days before birth was associated with a 0.15 [95% CI: 0.04, 0.26] SD increase in total score. This positive association was not observed at high Pb levels. In contrast to the prenatal period, significant negative associations were found in the postnatal period from ~ 6 to 12 months of age, among boys only: one SD increase in ln-transformed dentine Mn was associated with a 0.11 [95% CI: - 0.001, - 0.22] to 0.16 [95% CI: - 0.04, - 0.28] SD decrease in visual spatial score. CONCLUSIONS Using tooth-matrix biomarkers with fine scale temporal profiles of exposure, we found discrete developmental windows in which Mn was associated with visual-spatial abilities. Our results suggest that Mn associations are driven in large part by exposure timing, with beneficial effects found for prenatal levels and toxic effects found for postnatal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lourdes Schnaas
- Division of Research on Community Interventions, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan K Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mauricio Hernández-Ávila
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Howard Hu
- University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Ye Q, Park JE, Gugnani K, Betharia S, Pino-Figueroa A, Kim J. Influence of iron metabolism on manganese transport and toxicity. Metallomics 2017; 9:1028-1046. [PMID: 28620665 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although manganese (Mn) is critical for the proper functioning of various metabolic enzymes and cofactors, excess Mn in the brain causes neurotoxicity. While the exact transport mechanism of Mn has not been fully understood, several importers and exporters for Mn have been identified over the past decade. In addition to Mn-specific transporters, it has been demonstrated that iron transporters can mediate Mn transport in the brain and peripheral tissues. However, while the expression of iron transporters is regulated by body iron stores, whether or not disorders of iron metabolism modify Mn homeostasis has not been systematically discussed. The present review will provide an update on the role of altered iron status in the transport and toxicity of Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 148TF, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Ye Q, Kim J. Mutation in HFE gene decreases manganese accumulation and oxidative stress in the brain after olfactory manganese exposure. Metallomics 2017; 8:618-27. [PMID: 27295312 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00080k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Increased accumulation of manganese (Mn) in the brain is significantly associated with neurobehavioral deficits and impaired brain function. Airborne Mn has a high systemic bioavailability and can be directly taken up into the brain, making it highly neurotoxic. While Mn transport is in part mediated by several iron transporters, the expression of these transporters is altered by the iron regulatory gene, HFE. Mutations in the HFE gene are the major cause of the iron overload disorder, hereditary hemochromatosis, one of the prevalent genetic diseases in humans. However, whether or not HFE mutation modifies Mn-induced neurotoxicity has not been evaluated. Therefore, our goal was to define the role of HFE mutation in Mn deposition in the brain and the resultant neurotoxic effects after olfactory Mn exposure. Mice carrying the H67D HFE mutation, which is homologous to the H63D mutation in humans, and their control, wild-type mice, were intranasally instilled with MnCl2 with different doses (0, 0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 mg kg(-1)) daily for 3 days. Mn levels in the blood, liver and brain were determined using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). H67D mutant mice showed significantly lower Mn levels in the blood, liver, and most brain regions, especially in the striatum, while mice fed an iron-overload diet did not. Moreover, mRNA expression of ferroportin, an essential exporter of iron and Mn, was up-regulated in the striatum. In addition, the levels of isoprostane, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were increased in the striatum after Mn exposure in wild-type mice, but were unchanged in H67D mice. Together, our results suggest that the H67D mutation provides decreased susceptibility to Mn accumulation in the brain and neurotoxicity induced by inhaled Mn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 148TF, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue 148TF, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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