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Mondello C, Micali A, Baldino G, Cardia L, Alibrandi A, Asmundo A, Sapienza D, Puzzolo D, Ventura Spagnolo E. "Immunohistochemical analysis of Sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R) expression in human pineal gland in relation to different causes of death". Leg Med (Tokyo) 2024; 69:102434. [PMID: 38493555 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R) modulates cellular signaling pathways, probably acting as a ligand operated chaperone. When activated, the receptor translocates from the interface mitochondrion associated membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane. σ-1R was demonstrated in some brain regions, including the pineal gland, and was proposed to be involved in several cerebral processes, including neuroprotective responses against homeostasis alterations. On this basis, the immunohistochemical expression of σ-1R in human pineal glands was evaluated, with particular regard to the different causes of death. Thirty-eight pineal glands obtained from forensic autopsies were divided into five groups according to the cause of death: sudden death, drowning, fire fatality, hanging, and hemorrhagic shock, and examined with hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistochemistry for σ-1R. Both pinealocytes and perivascular spaces were evaluated. The pineal glands from sudden death were only mildly positive for σ-1R, while a more evident immunopositivity was observed in hanging, fire fatality, hemorrhagic shock, and drowning. These results were confirmed in a two-by-two comparison between the sudden death group and other groups. Our data demonstrate for the first time with immunohistochemical techniques the presence of σ-1R expression in the human pineal gland and propose a direct correlation between σ-1R expression and duration of the death process, in particular when hypoxic conditions and/or excessive psychological stress are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Gazzi, Italy
| | - Gennaro Baldino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cardia
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Gazzi, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, Via dei Verdi 75, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Asmundo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Sapienza
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Elvira Ventura Spagnolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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Vercouillie J, Buron F, Sérrière S, Rodrigues N, Gulhan Z, Chartier A, Chicheri G, Marzag H, Oury A, Percina N, Bodard S, Ben Othman R, Busson J, Suzenet F, Guilloteau D, Marchivie M, Emond P, Routier S, Chalon S. Development and preclinical evaluation of [18F]FBVM as a new potent PET tracer for vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Salguero A, Marengo L, Portillo-Salido E, Ruiz-Leyva L, Cendán CM, Morón I, Marcos Pautassi R. Administration of the sigma-1 receptor agonist PRE-084 at emerging adulthood, but not at early adolescence, attenuated ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion in female rats. Neurosci Lett 2022; 778:136585. [PMID: 35318075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is greater in late adolescence or young adulthood than in early adolescence. The role of the sigma receptor system in this age-related difference has not been extensively explored, particularly in female rats. This study assessed the effects of the activation of sigma-1 receptors (S1-R), via the selective S1-R agonist PRE-084, on ethanol-induced CTA at early or at terminal adolescence/emerging adulthood (28 or 56 days-old at the beginning of the procedures, respectively) in female Wistar rats. The modulation of binge-like ethanol intake by PRE-084 was assessed at terminal adolescence. S1-R activation at the acquisition of ethanol-induced CTA attenuated such learning at terminal but not at early adolescence. PRE-084 did not significantly affect ethanol binge drinking in the terminal adolescents. These results highlight the role of S1-R in ethanol-induced CTA and suggest that differential functionality of this transmitter system may underlie age-specific sensitivities to the aversive effects of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Salguero
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba C.P. 5000, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Marengo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba C.P. 5000, Argentina
| | | | - Leandro Ruiz-Leyva
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Cruz Miguel Cendán
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM) Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada and Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Morón
- Department of Psychobiology and Centre of Investigation of Mind, Brain, and Behaviour (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba C.P. 5000, Argentina; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, C.P. 5000, Argentina.
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Schildt A, de Vries EFJ, Willemsen ATM, Giacobbo BL, Moraga-Amaro R, Sijbesma JWA, van Waarde A, Sossi V, Dierckx RAJO, Doorduin J. Effect of Dopamine D 2 Receptor Antagonists on [ 18F]-FEOBV Binding. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:865-872. [PMID: 32011892 PMCID: PMC7054895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
interaction of dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmission
in, e.g., Parkinson’s disease has been well established. Here,
D2 receptor antagonists were used to assess changes in
[18F]-FEOBV binding to the vesicular acetylcholine transporter
(VAChT) in rodents using positron emission tomography (PET). After
pretreatment with either 10 mg/kg haloperidol, 1 mg/kg raclopride,
or vehicle, 90 min dynamic PET scans were performed with arterial
blood sampling. The net influx rate (Ki) was obtained from Patlak graphical analysis, using a metabolite-corrected
plasma input function and dynamic PET data. [18F]-FEOBV
concentration in whole-blood or plasma and the metabolite-corrected
plasma input function were not significantly changed by the pretreatments
(adjusted p > 0.07, Cohen’s d 0.28–1.89) while the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the parent
fraction of [18F]-FEOBV was significantly higher after
haloperidol treatment (adjusted p = 0.022, Cohen’s d = 2.51) than in controls. Compared to controls, the AUC
of [18F]-FEOBV, normalized for injected dose and body weight,
was nonsignificantly increased in the striatum after haloperidol (adjusted p = 0.4, Cohen’s d = 1.77) and raclopride
(adjusted p = 0.052, Cohen’s d = 1.49) treatment, respectively. No changes in the AUC of [18F]-FEOBV were found in the cerebellum (Cohen’s d 0.63–0.74). Raclopride treatment nonsignificantly
increased Ki in the striatum 1.3-fold
compared to control rats (adjusted p = 0.1, Cohen’s d = 1.1) while it reduced Ki in the cerebellum by 28% (adjusted p = 0.0004,
Cohen’s d = 2.2) compared to control rats.
Pretreatment with haloperidol led to a nonsignificant reduction in Ki in the striatum (10%, adjusted p = 1, Cohen’s d = 0.44) and a 40–50%
lower Ki than controls in all other brain
regions (adjusted p < 0.0005, Cohen’s d = 3.3–4.7). The changes in Ki induced by the selective D2 receptor antagonist
raclopride can in part be quantified using [18F]-FEOBV
PET imaging. Haloperidol, a nonselective D2/σ receptor
antagonist, either paradoxically decreased cholinergic activity or
blocked off-target [18F]-FEOBV binding to σ receptors.
Hence, further studies evaluating the binding of [18F]-FEOBV
to σ receptors using selective σ receptor ligands are
necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schildt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 143-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Erik F J de Vries
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon T M Willemsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Lima Giacobbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Rodrigo Moraga-Amaro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen W A Sijbesma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Vesna Sossi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 143-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Doorduin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700RB, The Netherlands
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Terada K, Migita K, Matsushima Y, Sugimoto Y, Kamei C, Matsumoto T, Mori M, Matsunaga K, Takata J, Karube Y. Cholinesterase inhibitor rivastigmine enhances nerve growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209250. [PMID: 30557385 PMCID: PMC6296549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rivastigmine (Riv) is a potent and selective cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase, AChE and butyrylcholinesterase, BuChE) inhibitor developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To elucidate whether Riv causes neuronal differentiation, we examined its effect on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. At concentrations of 0-100 μM, Riv was non-toxic in PC12 cells. Riv caused dose-dependent (10-100 μM) enhancement of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth, which was completely inhibited by the TrkA antagonist GW-441756. By contrast, Riv-mediated enhancement of neurite outgrowth was not blocked by the acetylcholine receptor antagonists, scopolamine and hexamethonium. However, the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) antagonist NE-100 and sigma-2 receptor (Sig-2R) antagonist SM-21 each blocked about half of the Riv-mediated enhancement of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, the simultaneous application of NE-100 and SM-21 completely blocked the enhancement of NGF-induced neurite outgrowth by Riv. These findings suggest that both Sig-1R and Sig-2R play important roles in NGF-induced neurite outgrowth through TrkA and that Riv may contribute to neuronal repair via Sig-1R and Sig-2R in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Terada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Migita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukari Matsushima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yasuda Women’s University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Taichi Matsumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jiro Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Karube
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Imaging sigma receptors in the brain: New opportunities for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and therapeutic development. Neurosci Lett 2018; 691:3-10. [PMID: 30040970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 (σ1) receptor is a chaperone protein located on the mitochondria-associated membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, while the sigma-2 receptor (σ2) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident membrane protein. Recent evidence indicates that both of these receptors figure prominently in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and thus are targets for the development of novel, disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. Radioligand-based molecular imaging technique such as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a powerful tool for the investigation of protein target expression and function in living subjects. In this review, we survey the development of PET radioligands for the σ1 or σ2 receptors and assess their potential for human imaging applications. The availability of PET imaging with σ1 or σ2 receptor-specific radioligands in humans will allow the investigation of these receptors in vivo and lead to further understanding of their respective roles in AD pathogenesis and progression. Moreover, PET imaging can be used in target occupancy studies to assess target engagement and correlate receptor occupancy and therapeutic response of σ1 receptor agonists and σ2 receptor antagonists currently in clinical trials. It is expected that neuroimaging of σ1 and σ2 receptors in the brain will shed new light on AD pathophysiology and may provide us with new biomarkers for diagnosis of AD and efficacy monitoring of emerging AD therapeutic strategies.
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Penke B, Fülöp L, Szűcs M, Frecska E. The Role of Sigma-1 Receptor, an Intracellular Chaperone in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:97-116. [PMID: 28554311 PMCID: PMC5771390 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170529104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread protein aggregation occurs in the living system under stress or during aging, owing to disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. Many neurodegenerative diseases may have a common mechanism: the failure of protein homeostasis. Perturbation of ER results in unfolded protein response (UPR). Prolonged chronical UPR may activate apoptotic pathways and cause cell death. METHODS Research articles on Sigma-1 receptor were reviewed. RESULTS ER is associated to mitochondria by the mitochondria-associated ER-membrane, MAM. The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), a well-known ER-chaperone localizes in the MAM. It serves for Ca2+-signaling between the ER and mitochondria, involved in ion channel activities and especially important during neuronal differentiation. Sig-1R acts as central modulator in inter-organelle signaling. Sig-1R helps cell survival by attenuating ER-stress. According to sequence based predictions Sig-1R is a 223 amino acid protein with two transmembrane (2TM) domains. The X-ray structure of the Sig-1R [1] showed a membrane-bound trimeric assembly with one transmembrane (1TM) region. Despite the in vitro determined assembly, the results of in vivo studies are rather consistent with the 2TM structure. The receptor has unique and versatile pharmacological profile. Dimethyl tryptamine (DMT) and neuroactive steroids are endogenous ligands that activate Sig-1R. The receptor has a plethora of interacting client proteins. Sig-1R exists in oligomeric structures (dimer-trimer-octamer-multimer) and this fact may explain interaction with diverse proteins. CONCLUSION Sig-1R agonists have been used in the treatment of different neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Utilization of Sig-1R agents early in AD and similar other diseases has remained an overlooked therapeutic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lívia Fülöp
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Szűcs
- University of Szeged, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ede Frecska
- University of Debrecen, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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Chao J, Zhang Y, Du L, Zhou R, Wu X, Shen K, Yao H. Molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of the sigma-1 receptor in methamphetamine-mediated microglial polarization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11540. [PMID: 28912535 PMCID: PMC5599501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that the sigma-1 receptor is involved in methamphetamine-induced microglial apoptosis and death; however, whether the sigma-1 receptor is involved in microglial activation as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the involvement of the sigma-1 receptor in methamphetamine-mediated microglial activation. The expression of σ-1R, iNOS, arginase and SOCS was examined by Western blot; activation of cell signaling pathways was detected by Western blot analysis. The role of σ-1R in microglial activation was further validated in C57BL/6 N WT and sigma-1 receptor knockout mice (male, 6-8 weeks) injected intraperitoneally with saline or methamphetamine (30 mg/kg) by Western blot combined with immunostaining specific for Iba-1. Treatment of cells with methamphetamine (150 μM) induced the expression of M1 markers (iNOS) with concomitant decreased the expression of M2 markers (Arginase) via its cognate sigma-1 receptor followed by ROS generation. Sequential activation of the downstream MAPK, Akt and STAT3 pathways resulted in microglial polarization. Blockade of sigma-1 receptor significantly inhibited the generation of ROS and activation of the MAPK and Akt pathways. These findings underscore the critical role of the sigma-1 receptor in methamphetamine-induced microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longfei Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Tongzhou People's Hospital, Nantong, China.
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Pasternak GW. Allosteric Modulation of Opioid G-Protein Coupled Receptors by Sigma 1 Receptors. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 244:163-175. [PMID: 28667477 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since their proposal in 1976, the concept of sigma1 receptors has been continually evolving. Initially thought to be a member of the opioid receptor family, molecular studies have now identified its genes and established its structure crystallographically. Much effort has now revealed its importance as a chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum, but its functions extend beyond this. Sigma1 receptors have been associated with a host of signaling systems. Evidence over the past 20 years has established the modulatory effects of sigma1 ligands on opioid systems. Despite their inability to bind directly to opioid receptors, sigma1 ligands can modulate opioid analgesia in vivo and signal transduction mechanisms in vitro. Furthermore, sigma1 receptors can physically associate with GPCRs. Together, these findings show that sigma1 ligands can function as allosteric modulators of GPCR function through their association with the sigma1 receptors, which are in direct physical association with opioid receptors, members of the G-protein coupled family of receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavril W Pasternak
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Ossa F, Schnell JR, Ortega-Roldan JL. A Review of the Human Sigma-1 Receptor Structure. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:15-29. [PMID: 28315262 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Sigma-1 Receptor (S1R) is a small, ligand-regulated integral membrane protein involved in cell homeostasis and the cellular stress response. The receptor has a multitude of protein and small molecule interaction partners with therapeutic potential. Newly reported structures of the human S1R in ligand-bound states provides essential insights into small molecule binding in the context of the overall protein structure. The structure also raises many interesting questions and provides an excellent starting point for understanding the molecular tricks employed by this small membrane receptor to modulate a large number of signaling events. Here, we review insights from the structures of ligand-bound S1R in the context of previous biochemical studies and propose, from a structural viewpoint, a set of important future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ossa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jason R Schnell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - José Luis Ortega-Roldan
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Stacey Building, Room 215B, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
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11
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Wang J, Cui X, Roon P, Saul A, Smith SB. The Role of Sigma1R in Mammalian Retina. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:267-284. [PMID: 28315277 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review article focuses on studies of Sigma 1 Receptor (Sigma1R) and retina . It provides a brief overview of the earliest pharmacological studies performed in the late 1990s that provided evidence of the presence of Sigma1R in various ocular tissues. It then describes work from a number of labs concerning the location of Sigma1R in several retinal cell types including ganglion, Müller glia , and photoreceptors . The role of Sigma1R ligands in retinal neuroprotection is emphasized. Early studies performed in vitro clearly showed that targeting Sigma1R could attenuate stress-induced retinal cell loss. These studies were followed by in vivo experiments. Data about the usefulness of targeting Sigma1R to prevent ganglion cell loss associated with diabetic retinopathy are reviewed. Mechanisms of Sigma1R-mediated retinal neuroprotection involving Müller cells , especially in modulating oxidative stress are described along with information about the retinal phenotype of mice lacking Sigma1R (Sigma1R -/- mice). The retina develops normally in Sigma1R -/- mice, but after many months there is evidence of apoptosis in the optic nerve head, decreased ganglion cell function and eventual loss of these cells. Additional studies using the Sigma1R -/- mice provide strong evidence that in the retina, Sigma1R plays a key role in modulating cellular stress. Recent work has shown that targeting Sigma1R may extend beyond protection of ganglion cells to include photoreceptor cell degeneration as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CB 1114, Augusta, GA, 30912-2000, USA
- The James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xuezhi Cui
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CB 1114, Augusta, GA, 30912-2000, USA
- The James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Penny Roon
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CB 1114, Augusta, GA, 30912-2000, USA
| | - Alan Saul
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CB 1114, Augusta, GA, 30912-2000, USA
- The James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sylvia B Smith
- Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Ophthalmology and the James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Ramakrishnan NK, Visser AKD, Rybczynska AA, Nyakas CJ, Luiten PGM, Kwizera C, Sijbesma JWA, Elsinga PH, Ishiwata K, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A. Sigma-1 Agonist Binding in the Aging Rat Brain: a MicroPET Study with [(11)C]SA4503. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:588-97. [PMID: 26637208 PMCID: PMC4927617 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sigma-1 receptor ligands modulate the release of several neurotransmitters and intracellular calcium signaling. We examined the binding of a radiolabeled sigma-1 agonist in the aging rat brain with positron emission tomography (PET). PROCEDURES Time-dependent uptake of [(11)C]SA4503 was measured in the brain of young (1.5 to 3 months) and aged (18 to 32 months) Wistar Hannover rats, and tracer-kinetic models were fitted to this data, using metabolite-corrected plasma radioactivity as input function. RESULTS In aged animals, the injected probe was less rapidly metabolized and cleared. Logan graphical analysis and a 2-tissue compartment model (2-TCM) fit indicated changes of total distribution volume (V T) and binding potential (BP ND) of the tracer. BP ND was reduced particularly in the (hypo)thalamus, pons, and medulla. CONCLUSIONS Some areas showed reductions of ligand binding with aging whereas binding in other areas (cortex) was not significantly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha K Ramakrishnan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Anniek K D Visser
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna A Rybczynska
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Csaba J Nyakas
- Research Group of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul G M Luiten
- Research Group of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Semmelweis University, 17 Vas, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chantal Kwizera
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen W A Sijbesma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kiichi Ishiwata
- Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, 7-115 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, 963-8052, Japan
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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13
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Gadhiya S, Madapa S, Kurtzman T, Alberts IL, Ramsey S, Pillarsetty NK, Kalidindi T, Harding WW. Tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids with dopamine and σ receptor affinity. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2060-71. [PMID: 27032890 PMCID: PMC4833520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of analogues of the tetrahydroprotoberberine (THPB) alkaloid (±)-stepholidine that (a) contain various alkoxy substituents at the C10 position and, (b) were de-rigidified with respect to (±)-stepholidine, were synthesized and evaluated for affinity at dopamine and σ receptors in order to evaluate effects on D3 and σ2 receptor affinity and selectivity. Small n-alkoxy groups are best tolerated by D3 and σ2 receptors. Among all compounds tested, C10 methoxy and ethoxy analogues (10 and 11 respectively) displayed the highest affinity for σ2 receptors as well as σ2 versus σ1 selectivity and also showed the highest D3 receptor affinity. De-rigidification of stepholidine resulted in decreased affinity at all receptors evaluated; thus the tetracyclic THPB framework is advantageous for affinity at dopamine and σ receptors. Docking of the C10 analogues at the D3 receptor, suggest that an ionic interaction between the protonated nitrogen atom and Asp110, a H-bond interaction between the C2 phenol and Ser192, a H-bond interaction between the C10 phenol and Cys181 as well as hydrophobic interactions of the aryl rings to Phe106 and Phe345, are critical for high affinity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satishkumar Gadhiya
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sudharshan Madapa
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Kurtzman
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Ian L Alberts
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11101, USA
| | - Steven Ramsey
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | | | - Teja Kalidindi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wayne W Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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14
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LEVER JOHNR, FERGASON-CANTRELL EMILYA, WATKINSON LISAD, CARMACK TERRYL, LORD SARAHA, XU RONG, MILLER DENNISK, LEVER SUSANZ. Cocaine occupancy of sigma1 receptors and dopamine transporters in mice. Synapse 2016; 70:98-111. [PMID: 26618331 PMCID: PMC4724290 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activation of sigma1 (σ1) receptors contributes to the behavioral and toxic effects of (-)-cocaine. We studied a key step, the ability of (-)-cocaine to occupy σ1 receptors in vivo, using CD-1(®) mice and the novel radioligand [(125) I]E-N-1-(3'-iodoallyl)-N'-4-(3",4"-dimethoxyphenethyl)-piperazine ([(125) I]E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE). (-)-Cocaine displayed an ED50 of 68 μmol/kg for inhibition of specific radioligand binding in whole brain, with values between 73 and 80 μmol/kg for heart, lung, and spleen. For comparison, an ED50 of 26 μmol/kg for (-)-cocaine occupancy of striatal dopamine transporters (DAT) was determined by inhibition of [(125) I]3β-(4-iodophenyl)tropan-2β-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester ([(125) I]RTI-121) binding. A chief finding is the relatively small potency difference between (-)-cocaine occupancy of σ1 receptors and the DAT, although the DAT occupancy is likely underestimated. Interactions of (-)-cocaine with σ1 receptors were assessed further using [(125) I]E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE for regional cerebral biodistribution studies and quantitative ex vivo autoradiography of brain sections. (-)-Cocaine binding to cerebral σ1 receptors proved directly proportional to the relative site densities known for the brain regions. Nonradioactive E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE gave an ED50 of 0.23 μmol/kg for occupancy of cerebral σ1 receptors, and a 3.16 μmol/kg (i.p.) dose attenuated (-)-cocaine-induced locomotor hyperactivity by 30%. This effect did not reach statistical significance, but suggests that E-IA-DM-PE-PIPZE is a probable σ1 receptor antagonist. As groundwork for the in vivo studies, we used standard techniques in vitro to determine ligand affinities, site densities, and pharmacological profiles for the σ1 and σ2 receptors expressed in CD-1(®) mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- JOHN R. LEVER
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - EMILY A. FERGASON-CANTRELL
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - LISA D. WATKINSON
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - TERRY L. CARMACK
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - SARAH A. LORD
- Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65201
| | - RONG XU
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - DENNIS K. MILLER
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - SUSAN Z. LEVER
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
- MU Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212
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15
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Abstract
This review compares the biological and physiological function of Sigma receptors [σRs] and their potential therapeutic roles. Sigma receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and across multiple peripheral tissues. σRs consist of sigma receptor one (σ1R) and sigma receptor two (σ2R) and are expressed in numerous regions of the brain. The sigma receptor was originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors and was suggested to contribute to the delusions and psychoses induced by benzomorphans such as SKF-10047 and pentazocine. Later studies confirmed that σRs are non-opioid receptors (not an µ opioid receptor) and play a more diverse role in intracellular signaling, apoptosis and metabolic regulation. σ1Rs are intracellular receptors acting as chaperone proteins that modulate Ca2+ signaling through the IP3 receptor. They dynamically translocate inside cells, hence are transmembrane proteins. The σ1R receptor, at the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is responsible for mitochondrial metabolic regulation and promotes mitochondrial energy depletion and apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that they play a role as a modulator of ion channels (K+ channels; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors [NMDAR]; inositol 1,3,5 triphosphate receptors) and regulate lipid transport and metabolism, neuritogenesis, cellular differentiation and myelination in the brain. σ1R modulation of Ca2+ release, modulation of cardiac myocyte contractility and may have links to G-proteins. It has been proposed that σ1Rs are intracellular signal transduction amplifiers. This review of the literature examines the mechanism of action of the σRs, their interaction with neurotransmitters, pharmacology, location and adverse effects mediated through them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Rousseaux
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada and
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16
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Pan B, Guo Y, Kwok WM, Hogan Q, Wu HE. Sigma-1 receptor antagonism restores injury-induced decrease of voltage-gated Ca2+ current in sensory neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:290-300. [PMID: 24891452 PMCID: PMC4109486 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), an endoplasmic reticulum-chaperone protein, can modulate painful response after peripheral nerve injury. We have demonstrated that voltage-gated calcium current is inhibited in axotomized sensory neurons. We examined whether σ1R contributes to the sensory dysfunction of voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) after peripheral nerve injury through electrophysiological approach in dissociated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Animals received either skin incision (Control) or spinal nerve ligation (SNL). Both σ1R agonists, (+)pentazocine (PTZ) and DTG [1,3-di-(2-tolyl)guanidine], dose dependently inhibited calcium current (ICa) with Ba(2+) as charge carrier in control sensory neurons. The inhibitory effect of σ1R agonists on ICa was blocked by σ1R antagonist, BD1063 (1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride) or BD1047 (N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine dihydrobromide). PTZ and DTG showed similar effect on ICa in axotomized fifth DRG neurons (SNL L5). Both PTZ and DTG shifted the voltage-dependent activation and steady-state inactivation of VGCC to the left and accelerated VGCC inactivation rate in both Control and axotomized L5 SNL DRG neurons. The σ1R antagonist, BD1063 (10 μM), increases ICa in SNL L5 neurons but had no effect on Control and noninjured fourth lumbar neurons in SNL rats. Together, the findings suggest that activation of σR1 decreases ICa in sensory neurons and may play a pivotal role in pain generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
| | - Wai-Meng Kwok
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
| | - Quinn Hogan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
| | - Hsiang-en Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (B.P., Y.G., W.-M.K., Q.H., H.-e.W.); and Department of Anesthesiology, Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Q.H.)
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17
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Banister SD, Manoli M, Kassiou M. The development of radiotracers for imaging sigma (σ) receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) using positron emission tomography (PET). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:215-24. [PMID: 24285328 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sigma (σ) receptors are unique mammalian proteins, distributed in the central nervous system and elsewhere, which are increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of virtually all major central nervous system disorders. The heterogeneous but wide distribution of σ1 in the brain has prompted the development of selective radiotracers for imaging these sites using positron emission tomography (PET). To date, some 50 carbon-11-labelled and fluorine-18-labelled candidate PET radioligands targeting σ receptors have been reported. The historical development of selective σ1 receptor ligands as potential PET imaging agents, as well as the radiochemistry and application of the most recently developed examples, is described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Banister
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia; School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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18
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Kaushal N, Robson MJ, Rosen A, McCurdy CR, Matsumoto RR. Neuroprotective targets through which 6-acetyl-3-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one (SN79), a sigma receptor ligand, mitigates the effects of methamphetamine in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 724:193-203. [PMID: 24380829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to high or repeated doses of methamphetamine can cause hyperthermia and neurotoxicity, which are thought to increase the risk of developing a variety of neurological conditions. Sigma receptor antagonism can prevent methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia and neurotoxicity, but the underlying cellular targets through which the neuroprotection is conveyed remain unknown. Differentiated NG108-15 cells were thus used as a model system to begin elucidating the neuroprotective mechanisms targeted by sigma receptor antagonists to mitigate the effects of methamphetamine. In differentiated NG108-15 cells, methamphetamine caused the generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, an increase in PERK-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, ultimately resulting in apoptosis at micromolar concentrations, and necrotic cell death at higher concentrations. The sigma receptor antagonist, 6-acetyl-3-(4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)benzo[d]oxazol-2(3H)-one (SN79), attenuated methamphetamine-induced increases in reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9 and accompanying cellular toxicity. In contrast, 1,3-di(2-tolyl)-guanidine (DTG), a sigma receptor agonist, shifted the dose response curve of methamphetamine-induced cell death towards the left. To probe the effect of temperature on neurotoxicity, NG108-15 cells maintained at an elevated temperature (40 °C) exhibited a significant and synergistic increase in cell death in response to methamphetamine, compared to cells maintained at a normal cell culture temperature (37 °C). SN79 attenuated the enhanced cell death observed in the methamphetamine-treated cells at 40 °C. Together, the data demonstrate that SN79 reduces methamphetamine-induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species generation and caspase activation, thereby conveying neuroprotective effects against methamphetamine under regular and elevated temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kaushal
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Abagail Rosen
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Christopher R McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Rae R Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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19
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Banister SD, Manoli M, Barron ML, Werry EL, Kassiou M. N-substituted 8-aminopentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecanes as σ receptor ligands with potential neuroprotective effects. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6038-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Evidences for the involvement of sigma receptors in antidepressant like effect of quetiapine in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 702:180-6. [PMID: 23399765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although quetiapine is routinely used in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, the precise mechanism of its antidepressant activity is poorly understood. Since quetiapine binds with sigma receptor, the possibility exists that antidepressant action of quetiapine may be mediated through interaction with sigma receptors. In the present study, quetiapine [40-80 μg/mouse, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)], sigma1 receptor agonist, (+)-pentazocine (120 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) and sigma2 receptor agonist, PB-28 [1-Cyclohexyl-4-[3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methoxy-1-naphthalenyl)propyl]piperazine] (20 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) significantly decreased immobility time in forced swim test. In combination studies, the antiimmobility effect of quetiapine (20 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) was significantly potentiated by pretreatment with (+)-pentazocine (30 and 60 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) or PB-28 (5 and 10 μg/mouse, i.c.v.). Conversely, prior administration of sigma1 receptor antagonist, BD-1063 [1-[2-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine] and sigma2 receptor antagonists, SM-21 [(±)-Tropanyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)butanoate] antagonized the antiimmobility effect induced by quetiapine and its synergistic combination with sigma receptor agonists. These results demonstrated the involvement of sigma receptors in the antidepressant like effect of quetiapine and suggest that sigma receptors can be explored as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of depressive disorders.
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21
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Kourrich S, Su TP, Fujimoto M, Bonci A. The sigma-1 receptor: roles in neuronal plasticity and disease. Trends Neurosci 2012; 35:762-71. [PMID: 23102998 PMCID: PMC3587126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) have been implicated in many neurological and psychiatric conditions. Sig-1Rs are intracellular chaperones that reside specifically at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrion interface, referred to as the mitochondrion-associated ER membrane (MAM). Here, Sig-1Rs regulate ER-mitochondrion Ca(2+) signaling. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of Sig-1R functions. Based on this, we suggest that the key cellular mechanisms linking Sig-1Rs to neurological disorders involve the translocation of Sig-1Rs from the MAM to other parts of the cell, whereby Sig-1Rs bind and modulate the activities of various ion channels, receptors, or kinases. Thus, Sig-1Rs and their associated ligands may represent new avenues for treating aspects of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saïd Kourrich
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Antonello Bonci
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Neuroscience Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, CA, USA
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22
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James ML, Shen B, Zavaleta CL, Nielsen CH, Mesangeau C, Vuppala PK, Chan C, Avery BA, Fishback JA, Matsumoto RR, Gambhir SS, McCurdy CR, Chin FT. New positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for imaging σ-1 receptors in living subjects. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8272-8282. [PMID: 22853801 PMCID: PMC4106900 DOI: 10.1021/jm300371c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
σ-1 receptor (S1R) radioligands have the potential to detect and monitor various neurological diseases. Herein we report the synthesis, radiofluorination, and evaluation of a new S1R ligand 6-(3-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethyl)benzo[d]thiazol-2(3H)-one ([(18)F]FTC-146, [(18)F]13). [(18)F]13 was synthesized by nucleophilic fluorination, affording a product with >99% radiochemical purity (RCP) and specific activity (SA) of 2.6 ± 1.2 Ci/μmol (n = 13) at end of synthesis (EOS). Positron emission tomography (PET) and ex vivo autoradiography studies of [(18)F]13 in mice showed high uptake of the radioligand in S1R rich regions of the brain. Pretreatment with 1 mg/kg haloperidol (2), nonradioactive 13, or BD1047 (18) reduced the binding of [(18)F]13 in the brain at 60 min by 80%, 82%, and 81%, respectively, suggesting that [(18)F]13 accumulation in mouse brain represents specific binding to S1Rs. These results indicate that [(18)F]13 is a promising candidate radiotracer for further evaluation as a tool for studying S1Rs in living subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. James
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Bin Shen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Cristina L. Zavaleta
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Carsten H. Nielsen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging & Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christophe Mesangeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Pradeep K. Vuppala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Carmel Chan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Bonnie A. Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - James A. Fishback
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506-9500, USA
| | - Rae R. Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University Morgantown, WV 26506-9500, USA
| | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - Frederick T. Chin
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto CA 94305-5484, USA
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Moussa IA, Banister SD, Manoli M, Doddareddy MR, Cui J, Mach RH, Kassiou M. Exploration of ring size in a series of cyclic vicinal diamines with σ1 receptor affinity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5493-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Khan MNA, Suzuki T, Miyata N. An overview of phenylcyclopropylamine derivatives: biochemical and biological significance and recent developments. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:873-910. [PMID: 22893613 DOI: 10.1002/med.21269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
trans-2-Phencylcyclopropylamine (2-PCPA), a potent, clinically used antidepressant, affects monoamine neurotransmitter levels by inhibiting the main metabolizing enzymes, monoamine oxidases (MAOs). However, the antidepressant action of this compound was not fully explained by its effects on MAOs due to its wide variety of biological effects. 2-PCPA also affects depression-associated pathophysiological pathways, and linked with increased levels of trace amines in brain, upregulation of GABAB receptors (where GABA is gamma amino butyric acid), modulation of phospholipid metabolism, and interference with various cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Consequently, despite its adverse effects and limited clinical applicability, 2-PCPA has attracted interest as a structural scaffold for the development of mechanism-based inhibitors of various enzymes, including lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which is a possible target for cancer chemotherapy. In the recent years, many reports have appeared in the literature based on 2-PCPA scaffold and their potential medicinal implications. This review mainly focuses on the medicinal chemistry aspects including drug design, structure-activity relationships (SAR), biological and biochemical properties, and mechanism of actions of 2-PCPA and its derivatives. Furthermore, we also highlight recent advance in this area and discuss their future applications for beneficial therapeutic effects.
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25
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A 96-well filtration method for radioligand binding analysis of σ receptor ligands. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 71:157-61. [PMID: 22910107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
σ receptors represent a potential drug target for numerous therapeutic indications including cancer, depression, psychostimulant abuse, and stroke. Most published radioligand binding studies for σ receptors utilize a low throughput method employing a "cell harvester." Higher throughput methods are required to facilitate efficient screening of large numbers of novel compounds. In this study, a series of reference compounds was analyzed with a new medium-throughput 96-well filtration method and the results were compared to those obtained using the conventional cell harvester-based method. The 96-well assay utilized rat liver membranes for the determination of both known σ receptor subtypes (σ(1) and σ(2)) because this tissue contains high densities of both subtypes and fulfills criteria required for reliable use with the 96-well format. The new method gave comparable K(i) values for reference ligands analyzed in parallel with samples prepared in rat brain membranes and processed on the traditional cell harvester. For σ(1) receptors, equivalent affinity values were observed for both methods/tissues. For σ(2) receptors, approximately 2-fold higher affinities were observed for most compounds in liver, as compared to brain membranes, but excellent correlation with brain-derived values was maintained. To further demonstrate the utility of the new method it was used to screen a novel series of 2(3H)-benzothiazolone compounds, resulting in the identification of several analogues with nanomolar affinity and greater than 50-fold specificity for σ(1) versus σ(2) receptors.
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Kinoshita M, Matsuoka Y, Suzuki T, Mirrielees J, Yang J. Sigma-1 receptor alters the kinetics of Kv1.3 voltage gated potassium channels but not the sensitivity to receptor ligands. Brain Res 2012; 1452:1-9. [PMID: 22433979 PMCID: PMC3670091 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sigma1 receptors (Sigma1R) are intracellular chaperone proteins that bind psychotropic drugs and also clinically used drugs such as ketamine and haloperidol. Co-expression of the Sigma1R has been reported to enhance the sensitivity of several voltage-gated ion channels to Sigma1R ligands. Kv1.3 is the predominant voltage-gated potassium channel expressed in T lymphocytes with a documented role in immune activation. To gain a better understanding of Sigma1R modulation of Kv ion channels, we investigated the effects of Sigma1R co-expression on Kv1.3 physiology and pharmacology in ion channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We also explored the protein domains of Kv1.3 necessary for protein:protein interaction between Kv1.3 and Sigma1R through co-immunoprecipitation studies. Slowly inactivating outward-going currents consistent with Kv1.3 expression were elicited on step depolarizations. The current characterized by E(rev), V(1/2), and slope factor remained unchanged when co-expressed with Sigma1R. Analysis of inactivation time constant revealed a faster Kv1.3 current decay when co-expressed with Sigma1R. However the sensitivity to Sigma1R ligands remained unaltered when co-expressed with the Sigma1R in contrast to the previously reported modulation of ligand sensitivity in closely related Kv1.4 and Kv1.5 voltage gated potassium channels. Co-immunoprecipitation assays of various Kv1.3 truncation constructs indicated that the transmembrane domain of the Kv1.3 protein was responsible for the protein:protein interaction with the Sigma1R. Sigma1R likely interacts with different domains of Kv ion channel family proteins resulting in distinct modulation of different channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Kinoshita
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer Mirrielees
- Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Kaushal N, Elliott M, Robson MJ, Iyer AKV, Rojanasakul Y, Coop A, Matsumoto RR. AC927, a σ receptor ligand, blocks methamphetamine-induced release of dopamine and generation of reactive oxygen species in NG108-15 cells. Mol Pharmacol 2011; 81:299-308. [PMID: 22101517 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.074120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug of abuse that causes neurotoxicity with high or repeated dosing. Earlier studies demonstrated the ability of the selective σ receptor ligand N-phenethylpiperidine oxalate (AC927) to attenuate the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine in vivo. However, the precise mechanisms through which AC927 conveys its protective effects remain to be determined. With the use of differentiated NG108-15 cells as a model system, the effects of methamphetamine on neurotoxic endpoints and mediators such as apoptosis, necrosis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and dopamine release were examined in the absence and presence of AC927. Methamphetamine at physiologically relevant micromolar concentrations caused apoptosis in NG108-15 cells. At higher concentrations of methamphetamine, necrotic cell death was observed. At earlier time points, methamphetamine caused ROS/RNS generation, which was detected with the fluorigenic substrate 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate, acetyl ester, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. N-Acetylcysteine, catalase, and l-N(G)-monomethyl arginine citrate inhibited the ROS/RNS fluorescence signal induced by methamphetamine, which suggests the formation of hydrogen peroxide and RNS. Exposure to methamphetamine also stimulated the release of dopamine from NG108-15 cells into the culture medium. AC927 attenuated methamphetamine-induced apoptosis, necrosis, ROS/RNS generation, and dopamine release in NG108-15 cells. Together, the data suggest that modulation of σ receptors can mitigate methamphetamine-induced cytotoxicity, ROS/RNS generation, and dopamine release in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kaushal
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
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Su TP, Hayashi T, Maurice T, Buch S, Ruoho AE. The sigma-1 receptor chaperone as an inter-organelle signaling modulator. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010; 31:557-66. [PMID: 20869780 PMCID: PMC2993063 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inter-organelle signaling plays important roles in many physiological functions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrion signaling affects intramitochondrial calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis and cellular bioenergetics. ER-nucleus signaling attenuates ER stress. ER-plasma membrane signaling regulates cytosolic Ca(2+) homeostasis and ER-mitochondrion-plasma membrane signaling regulates hippocampal dendritic spine formation. Here, we propose that the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R), an ER chaperone protein, acts as an inter-organelle signaling modulator. Sig-1Rs normally reside at the ER-mitochondrion contact called the MAM (mitochondrion-associated ER membrane), where Sig-1Rs regulate ER-mitochondrion signaling and ER-nucleus crosstalk. When cells are stimulated by ligands or undergo prolonged stress, Sig-1Rs translocate from the MAM to the ER reticular network and plasmalemma/plasma membrane to regulate a variety of functional proteins, including ion channels, receptors and kinases. Thus, the Sig-1R serves as an inter-organelle signaling modulator locally at the MAM and remotely at the plasmalemma/plasma membrane. Many pharmacological/physiological effects of Sig-1Rs might relate to this unique action of Sig-1Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH/DHHS, suite 3304, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Fishback JA, Robson MJ, Xu YT, Matsumoto RR. Sigma receptors: potential targets for a new class of antidepressant drug. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 127:271-82. [PMID: 20438757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widespread and devastating impact of depression on society, our current understanding of its pathogenesis is limited. Likewise, existing treatments are inadequate, providing relief to only a subset of people suffering from depression. The search for more effective antidepressant drugs includes the investigation of new molecular targets. Among them, current data suggests that sigma receptors are involved in multiple processes effecting antidepressant-like actions in vivo and in vitro. This review summarizes accumulated evidence supporting a role for sigma receptors in antidepressant effects and provides a conceptual framework for delineating their potential roles over the course of antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Fishback
- School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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30
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Sigma1 receptor antagonists determine the behavioral pattern of the methamphetamine-induced stereotypy in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 203:781-92. [PMID: 19052726 PMCID: PMC3157915 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of sigma receptor antagonists on methamphetamine (METH)-induced stereotypy have not been examined. We examined the effects of sigma antagonists on METH-induced stereotypy in mice. RESULTS The administration of METH (10 mg/kg) to male ddY mice induced stereotyped behavior consisting of biting (90.1%), sniffing (4.2%), head bobbing (4.1%), and circling (1.7%) during an observation period of 1 h. Pretreatment of the mice with BMY 14802 (alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinebutanol; 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg), a non-specific sigma receptor antagonist, significantly increased METH-induced sniffing (19.2%, 30.5%, and 43.8% of total stereotypical behavior) but decreased biting (76.6%, 66.9%, and 49.3% of total stereotypical behavior) in a dose-dependent manner. This response was completely abolished by (+)-SKF 10,047 ([2S-(2alpha,6alpha,11R)]-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-(2-propenyl)-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol; 4 and 10 mg/kg), a putative sigma(1) receptor agonist, and partially by PB 28 (1-cyclohexyl-4-[3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methoxy-1-naphthalen-1-yl)-n-propyl]piperazine; 1 and 10 mg/kg), a putative sigma(2) receptor agonist. The BMY 14802 action on METH-induced stereotypy was mimicked by BD 1047 (N-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-N-methyl-2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine; 10 mg/kg), a putative sigma(1) receptor antagonist, but not by SM-21 ((+/-)-tropanyl 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)butanoate; 1 mg/kg), a putative sigma(2) receptor antagonist. The BD 1047 effect on METH-induced stereotypy was also abolished completely by (+)-SKF 10,047 and partially by PB 28. The overall frequency of METH-induced stereotypical behavior was unchanged with these sigma receptor ligands, despite the alteration in particular behavioral patterns. The BMY 14802 action on METH-induced stereotypy was unaffected by pretreatment with centrally acting histamine H(1) receptor antagonists (pyrilamine or ketotifen, 10 mg/kg), suggesting that these effects are independent of histamine H(1) receptor signaling systems. CONCLUSION In summary, modulation of central sigma(1) receptors alters the pattern of METH-induced stereotypy, producing a shift from stereotypical biting to stereotypical sniffing, without affecting the overall frequency of stereotypical behavior.
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Liu Y, Matsumoto RR. Alterations in Fos-Related Antigen 2 and σ1 Receptor Gene and Protein Expression Are Associated with the Development of Cocaine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization: Time Course and Regional Distribution Studies. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 327:187-95. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.141051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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32
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Mésangeau C, Narayanan S, Green AM, Shaikh J, Kaushal N, Viard E, Xu YT, Fishback JA, Poupaert JH, Matsumoto RR, McCurdy CR. Conversion of a highly selective sigma-1 receptor-ligand to sigma-2 receptor preferring ligands with anticocaine activity. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1482-6. [PMID: 18278854 DOI: 10.1021/jm701357m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine's toxicity can be mitigated by blocking its interaction with sigma-1 receptors. The involvement of sigma-2 receptors remains unclear. To investigate their potential role, we have designed compounds through a convergent synthesis utilizing a highly selective sigma-1 ligand and elements of a selective sigma-2 ligand. Among the synthesized compounds was produced a subnanomolar sigma-2 ligand with an 11-fold preference over sigma-1 receptors. These compounds may be useful in developing effective pharmacotherapies for cocaine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Mésangeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
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33
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Guennoun R, Meffre D, Labombarda F, Gonzalez SL, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, Stein DG, De Nicola AF, Schumacher M. The membrane-associated progesterone-binding protein 25-Dx: Expression, cellular localization and up-regulation after brain and spinal cord injuries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 57:493-505. [PMID: 17618691 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone has neuroprotective effects in the injured and diseased spinal cord and after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In addition to intracellular progesterone receptors (PR), membrane-binding sites of progesterone may be involved in neuroprotection. A first putative membrane receptor of progesterone, distinct from the classical intracellular PR isoforms, with a single membrane-spanning domain, has been cloned from porcine liver. Homologous proteins were cloned in rats (25-Dx), mice (PGRMC1) and humans (Hpr.6). We will refer to this progesterone-binding protein as 25-Dx. The distribution and regulation of 25-Dx in the nervous system may provide some clues to its functions. In spinal cord, 25-Dx is localized in cell membranes of dorsal horn neurons and ependymal cells lining the central canal. A role of 25-Dx in mediating the protective effects of progesterone in the spinal cord is supported by the observation that its mRNA and protein are up-regulated by progesterone in dorsal horn of the injured spinal cord. In contrast, the classical intracellular PRs were down-regulated under these conditions. In brain, 25-Dx is particularly abundant in the hypothalamic area, circumventricular organs, ependymal cells of the ventricular walls, and the meninges. Interestingly, it is co-expressed with vasopressin in neurons of the paraventricular, supraoptic and retrochiasmatic nuclei. In response to TBI, 25-Dx expression is up-regulated in neurons and induced in astrocytes. The expression of 25-Dx in structures involved in cerebrospinal fluid production and osmoregulation, and its up-regulation after brain damage, point to a potentially important role of this progesterone-binding protein in the maintenance of water homeostasis after TBI. Our observations suggest that progesterone's actions may involve different signaling mechanisms depending on the pathophysiological context, and that 25-Dx may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of progesterone in the injured brain and spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guennoun
- Inserm UMR788 and University Paris 11, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Lee IT, Chen S, Schetz JA. An unambiguous assay for the cloned human sigma1 receptor reveals high affinity interactions with dopamine D4 receptor selective compounds and a distinct structure-affinity relationship for butyrophenones. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 578:123-36. [PMID: 17961544 PMCID: PMC2963108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the sigma(1) receptor to interact with a huge range of drug structural classes coupled with its wide distribution in the body has contributed to it being implicated as a possible therapeutic target for a broad array of disorders ranging from substance abuse to depression to Alzheimer's disease. Surprisingly, the reported affinity values for some sigma(1) receptor ligands vary more than 50-fold. The potential of the sigma(1) receptor as a pharmacotherapeutic target prompted us to develop an unambiguous assay system for measuring the affinity of ligands to the cloned human sigma(1) receptor. In the course of characterizing this system and determining the true affinity values for almost three dozen compounds, it was discovered that some dopamine D(4) receptor selective compounds bind sigma(1) receptors with high affinity. A systematic analysis of haloperidol-like compounds revealed a clear structure-affinity relationship amongst clinically relevant butyrophenones. The antidepressant fluvoxamine, the drug of abuse methamphetamine, and the neurosteroid progesterone were amongst the many ligands whose interactions with the sigma(1) receptor were confirmed with our screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan T. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
| | - John A. Schetz
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX
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Schumacher M, Guennoun R, Stein DG, De Nicola AF. Progesterone: Therapeutic opportunities for neuroprotection and myelin repair. Pharmacol Ther 2007; 116:77-106. [PMID: 17659348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone and its metabolites promote the viability of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Their neuroprotective effects have been documented in different lesion models, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), experimentally induced ischemia, spinal cord lesions and a genetic model of motoneuron disease. Progesterone plays an important role in developmental myelination and in myelin repair, and the aging nervous system appears to remain sensitive to some of progesterone's beneficial effects. Thus, the hormone may promote neuroregeneration by several different actions by reducing inflammation, swelling and apoptosis, thereby increasing the survival of neurons, and by promoting the formation of new myelin sheaths. Recognition of the important pleiotropic effects of progesterone opens novel perspectives for the treatment of brain lesions and diseases of the nervous system. Over the last decade, there have been a growing number of studies showing that exogenous administration of progesterone or some of its metabolites can be successfully used to treat traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, as well as ischemic stroke. Progesterone can also be synthesized by neurons and by glial cells within the nervous system. This finding opens the way for a promising therapeutic strategy, the use of pharmacological agents, such as ligands of the translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO; the former peripheral benzodiazepine receptor or PBR), to locally increase the synthesis of steroids with neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties. A concept is emerging that progesterone may exert different actions and use different signaling mechanisms in normal and injured neural tissue.
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36
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Schumacher M, Guennoun R, Ghoumari A, Massaad C, Robert F, El-Etr M, Akwa Y, Rajkowski K, Baulieu EE. Novel perspectives for progesterone in hormone replacement therapy, with special reference to the nervous system. Endocr Rev 2007; 28:387-439. [PMID: 17431228 DOI: 10.1210/er.2006-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The utility and safety of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy has recently been put into question by large clinical trials. Their outcome has been extensively commented upon, but discussions have mainly been limited to the effects of estrogens. In fact, progestagens are generally only considered with respect to their usefulness in preventing estrogen stimulation of uterine hyperplasia and malignancy. In addition, various risks have been attributed to progestagens and their omission from hormone replacement therapy has been considered, but this may underestimate their potential benefits and therapeutic promises. A major reason for the controversial reputation of progestagens is that they are generally considered as a single class. Moreover, the term progesterone is often used as a generic one for the different types of both natural and synthetic progestagens. This is not appropriate because natural progesterone has properties very distinct from the synthetic progestins. Within the nervous system, the neuroprotective and promyelinating effects of progesterone are promising, not only for preventing but also for reversing age-dependent changes and dysfunctions. There is indeed strong evidence that the aging nervous system remains at least to some extent sensitive to these beneficial effects of progesterone. The actions of progesterone in peripheral target tissues including breast, blood vessels, and bones are less well understood, but there is evidence for the beneficial effects of progesterone. The variety of signaling mechanisms of progesterone offers exciting possibilities for the development of more selective, efficient, and safe progestagens. The recognition that progesterone is synthesized by neurons and glial cells requires a reevaluation of hormonal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schumacher
- INSERM UMR 788, 80, rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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37
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Prezzavento O, Campisi A, Ronsisvalle S, Li Volti G, Marrazzo A, Bramanti V, Cannavò G, Vanella L, Cagnotto A, Mennini T, Ientile R, Ronsisvalle G. Novel sigma receptor ligands: synthesis and biological profile. J Med Chem 2007; 50:951-61. [PMID: 17328523 DOI: 10.1021/jm0611197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological profile of new substituted 1-phenyl-2-cyclopropylmethylamines. High affinity for both sigma subtypes was achieved when 4-phenylpiperidin-4-ol (4a-e) and 4-benzylpiperidine moieties were present (5a-e). (1R,2S/1S,2R)-2-[4-Hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)methyl]-1-(4-methylphenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (4b) showed high affinity for the sigma1 sites (Ki = 1.5 nM) and the most favorable sigma1/sigma2 selectivity (Ki(sigma2)/Ki(sigma1) = 33.9). Binding affinity studies showed that 4b binding on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), dopaminergic (D1, D2, D3), muscarinic, histaminergic H1, adrenergic (alpha1, alpha2), serotoninergic (5-HT2A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT6), DA (DAT), and 5-HT (SERT) transporters was not significant. Interestingly, sigma ligands differently induced the expression of tissue transglutaminase (TG-2) in primary astroglial cell cultures. We suggest that 4b may act as a sigma1/sigma2 agonist and that the sigma ligands may modulate TG-2 differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Prezzavento
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Yamada M, Nakao S, Sakamoto S, Takamori Y, Tamura Y, Mochizuki-Oda N, Kataoka Y, Yamada H, Shingu K. Propofol acts at the sigma-1 receptor and inhibits pentazocine-induced c-Fos expression in the mouse posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006; 50:875-81. [PMID: 16879472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sigma-1 receptor is functionally linked with psychotomimetic effects of various drugs. A sigma-1 receptor agonist enhances bradykinin-induced intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) increase and induces c-Fos expression in a part of the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of several intravenous anaesthetics on the sigma-1 receptor. METHODS First, using Wistar rat brains, (+)[(3)H]SKF-10,047, a selective sigma-1 receptor agonist was displaced by propofol, dexmedetomidine, droperidol, and thiopental. Second, Fura-2 loaded NG-108 cells were incubated with (+)pentazocine, a selective sigma-1 receptor agonist, and propofol and then its fluorescence was observed after stimulation with bradykinin. Third, male ICR mice received Intrafat or propofol intraperitoneally (i.p.), followed by pentazocine i.p. Brain slices were prepared and Fos-like immunoreactivity was detected using an immunohistochemical method. results: Propofol, droperidol, and dexmedetomidine displaced (+)[(3)H]SKF-10,047 binding in a concentration-dependent manner with Ki50s of 10.2 +/- 0.6, 0.17 +/- 0.03, 5.73 +/- 1.2 microM, respectively. Thiopental sodium was practically ineffective. Propofol produced a statistically significant reduction in the maximal binding capacity (Bmax) but did not affect the dissociation constant (K(d)). (+)Pentazocine significantly enhanced bradykinin-induced [Ca(2+)]i increases, but propofol did not affect it. Pentazocine induced marked Fos-LI positive cells in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices (PC/RS), which was significantly reduced by propofol. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that propofol may be a sigma-1 receptor antagonist, and that various effects of propofol on the brain may be mediated, at least partly, by the sigma-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kansai Medical University, Fumizono-cho 10-15, Moriguchi-shi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan.
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Gear RW, Lee JS, Miaskowski C, Gordon NC, Paul SM, Levine JD. Neuroleptics antagonize nalbuphine antianalgesia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2006; 7:187-91. [PMID: 16516824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 09/20/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To evaluate the role of sigma receptors in the sexually dimorphic antianalgesic effect of agonist-antagonist kappa opioids, 2 neuroleptics, haloperidol, a sigma receptor antagonist, and chlorpromazine, which has minimal effect at sigma receptors, were administered with the agonist-antagonist kappa opioid nalbuphine in patients with postoperative pain. Before surgical extraction of bony impacted mandibular third molar teeth, patients received haloperidol (1 mg), chlorpromazine (10 mg), or placebo by oral administration. After surgery, the pain intensity did not differ significantly between the 3 treatment groups, suggesting lack of analgesic effect produced by either haloperidol or chlorpromazine. All patients were then administered nalbuphine (5 mg, intravenous). As previously reported, the group that did not receive a preoperative neuroleptic exhibited sexually dimorphic analgesia, with women experiencing greater analgesia than men. Antianalgesia was also observed, with men experiencing late onset increased pain compared with baseline, starting approximately 1 hour after nalbuphine administration. Both neuroleptics blocked nalbuphine antianalgesia, resulting in enhanced analgesia and elimination of the sex differences. Because chlorpromazine and haloperidol enhanced nalbuphine analgesia and eliminated sexual dimorphism, the receptor at which neuroleptics act to antagonize the "antianalgesia" might be a common site of action to both drugs. PERSPECTIVE This study demonstrates that neuroleptics can block the antianalgesic effect of agonist-antagonist kappa opioids. These findings could help inform the development of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Gear
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0440, USA
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Carrasco JL, Sandner C. Clinical effects of pharmacological variations in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: an overview. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59:1428-34. [PMID: 16351675 DOI: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2005.00681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class of antidepressants shares a common primary pharmacology, namely the inhibition of serotonin reuptake, their secondary pharmacology is remarkably heterogeneous. Inhibition of serotonin reuptake and the consequent increase in serotonin availability are responsible for the relief of depressive symptoms and for some of the adverse effects of this class of drugs. Transsynaptic effects such as modulation of signalling cascades, gene expression processes and neuroplasticity are also important in the mechanism of action of antidepressants. However, this review shows that secondary properties of the SSRIs may contribute to the differences in efficacy and tolerability between members of the class. For example, fluvoxamine has affinity for sigma(1)-receptors -- a property likely to be responsible for its particular efficacy in delusional depression. By understanding the properties of SSRIs and employing careful selection of agents for individual patients, physicians are more able to tailor antidepressant treatments to their patients' particular circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Carrasco
- Servicio de Psiquiatria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Xu J, Tu Z, Jones LA, Vangveravong S, Wheeler KT, Mach RH. [3H]N-[4-(3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl]-2-methoxy-5-methylbenzamide: a novel sigma-2 receptor probe. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 525:8-17. [PMID: 16289030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Revised: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N-[4-(3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl]-2-methoxy-5-methyl-benzamide (RHM-1) and N-[2-(3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethyl]-2-methoxy-5-methylbenzamide (RHM-2), two conformationally flexible benzamide analogues, were radiolabeled with tritium (specific activity=80 Ci/mmol) and the binding of [3H]RHM-1 and [3H]RHM-2 to sigma-2 (sigma2) receptors was evaluated in vitro. [3H]RHM-1 was found to have a higher affinity for sigma2 receptors compared to [3H]RHM-2 and [3H]1,3-di-o-tolylguanidine ([3H]DTG). [3H]RHM-1 had a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.66+/-0.12 nM in rat liver membrane homogenates, which was 30-fold higher than that of [3H]RHM-2 (Kd=19.48+/-0.51 nM). The lower affinity of [3H]RHM-2 can be attributed to its faster K(off) rate since both radioligands have similar K(on) rates. Competitive binding assays were also conducted using a panel of compounds with known affinity for sigma2 receptors. The pharmacologic profile of [3H]RHM-1 was in agreement with that of [3H]DTG. The results of this study indicate that [3H]RHM-1 is a useful ligand for studying sigma2 receptors in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Shin EJ, Nah SY, Kim WK, Ko KH, Jhoo WK, Lim YK, Cha JY, Chen CF, Kim HC. The dextromethorphan analog dimemorfan attenuates kainate-induced seizures via sigma1 receptor activation: comparison with the effects of dextromethorphan. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 144:908-18. [PMID: 15723099 PMCID: PMC1576070 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that a dextromethorphan analog, dimemorfan, has neuroprotective effects. Dextromethorphan and dimemorfan are high-affinity ligands at sigma1 receptors. Dextromethorphan has moderate affinities for phencyclidine sites, while dimemorfan has very low affinities for such sites, suggesting that these sites are not essential for the anticonvulsant actions of dimemorfan. Kainate (KA) administration (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) produced robust convulsions lasting 4-6 h in rats. Pre-treatment with dimemorfan (12 or 24 mg kg(-1)) reduced seizures in a dose-dependent manner. Dimemorfan pre-treatment also attenuated the KA-induced increases in c-fos/c-jun expression, activator protein (AP)-1 DNA-binding activity, and loss of cells in the CA1 and CA3 fields of the hippocampus. These effects of dimemorfan were comparable to those of dextromethorphan. The anticonvulsant action of dextromethorphan or dimemorfan was significantly counteracted by a selective sigma1 receptor antagonist BD 1047, suggesting that the anticonvulsant action of dextromethorphan or dimemorfan is, at least in part, related to sigma1 receptor-activated modulation of AP-1 transcription factors. We asked whether dimemorfan produces the behavioral side effects seen with dextromethorphan or dextrorphan (a phencyclidine-like metabolite of dextromethorphan). Conditioned place preference and circling behaviors were significantly increased in mice treated with phencyclidine, dextrorphan or dextromethorphan, while mice treated with dimemorfan showed no behavioral side effects. Our results suggest that dimemorfan is equipotent to dextromethorphan in preventing KA-induced seizures, while it may lack behavioral effects, such as psychotomimetic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neurotoxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Korea Institute of Drug Abuse, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Ewha Institute of Neuroscience, Ewha Womans University Medical School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wang-Kee Jhoo
- Neurotoxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Korea Institute of Drug Abuse, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Yong-Kwang Lim
- Neurotoxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Korea Institute of Drug Abuse, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Joo Young Cha
- Neurotoxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Korea Institute of Drug Abuse, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Chieh-Fu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neurotoxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Korea Institute of Drug Abuse, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, South Korea
- Author for correspondence:
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Liu Y, Chen GD, Lerner MR, Brackett DJ, Matsumoto RR. Cocaine up-regulates Fra-2 and sigma-1 receptor gene and protein expression in brain regions involved in addiction and reward. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 314:770-9. [PMID: 15879001 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.084525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sigma receptors have recently been implicated in the actions of cocaine, and antagonists of these receptors prevent many acute and subchronic cocaine effects. A previous study revealed that the immediate early gene fra-2 is up-regulated after cocaine administration, and this effect is prevented by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD1063 [1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine]. In the present study, the effects of cocaine and BD1063 on the expression of six fos and jun genes were evaluated in mouse brains using cDNA microarrays. Several of these genes were altered by cocaine, but only the alteration in fra-2 was prevented by BD1063. The time courses of fra-2 and sigma-1 receptor gene and protein expression in different brain regions were also determined. Cocaine up-regulated fra-2, which was followed by a later up-regulation of sigma-1 receptors. The cocaine-induced up-regulation of fra-2 and sigma-1 receptor genes and proteins were detected in whole brain, striatum, and cortex, but not in cerebellum. All of these cocaine-induced effects were prevented by BD1063. The interaction between cocaine, fra-2, and sigma-1 receptors involves brain regions that are established components of the neural circuit for reward, suggesting that they may contribute to the enduring changes that underlie the cellular basis of drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- University of Mississippi, Department of Pharmacology, 303 Faser Hall, University, MS 38677, USA
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Abstract
Behavioral models used to test potential antidepressants have shown that ligands that bind to sigma receptors possess "antidepressant-like" properties. The focus of this review is to discuss the literature concerning sigma receptors and their ligands, with respect to their antidepressants properties. In addition to the behavioral data, we discuss electrophysiological and biochemical models demonstrating sigma receptors' ability to modulate important factors in the pathophysiology of depression and/or the mechanisms of action of antidepressants such as the serotonergic neurotransmission in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and the glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus. We also discuss the significance of these two systems in the mechanism of action of antidepressants. Sigma ligands have potential as antidepressant medications with a fast onset of action as they produce a rapid modulation of the serotonergic system in the DRN and the glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus. As these effects of sigma ligands may produce antidepressant properties by completely novel mechanisms of action, they may provide an alternative to the antidepressants currently available and may prove to be beneficial for treatment-resistant depressed patients.
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Shiba K, Ogawa K, Mori H. In vitro characterization of radioiodinated (+)-2-[4-(4-iodophenyl) piperidino]cyclohexanol [(+)-pIV] as a sigma-1 receptor ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:1095-9. [PMID: 15670917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Revised: 11/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the binding characteristics of a (+)-enantiomer of radioiodinated 2-[4-(4-iodophenyl)piperidino]cyclohexanol [(+)-[125I]pIV], radioiodinated at the para-position of the 4-phenylpiperidine moiety, to sigma receptors (sigma-1, sigma-2) and to vesicular acetylcholine transporters (VAChT) in membranes of the rat brain and liver. In competitive inhibition studies, (+)-pIV (Ki=1.30 nM) had more than 10 times higher affinity to the sigma-1 (sigma-1) receptor than (+)-pentazocine (Ki=19.9 nM) or haloperidol (Ki=13.5 nM) known as sigma ligands. Also, the binding affinity of (+)-pIV for the sigma-1 receptor (Ki=1.30 nM), was about 16 times higher than the sigma-2 (sigma-2) receptor (Ki=20.4 nM). (+)-pIV (Ki=1260 nM) had a much lower affinity for VAChT than (-)-vesamicol (Ki=13.0 nM) or (-)-pIV (Ki=412 nM). (+)-[125I]pIV had low affinity for the dopamine, serotonin, adrenaline, and acetylcholine receptors. Furthermore, in a saturation binding study, (+)-[125I]pIV exhibited a K) of 6.96 nM with a Bmax of 799 fmol/mg of protein. These results showed that (+)-pIV binds to the sigma-1 receptor with greater affinity than sigma receptor ligands such as (+)-pentazocine or haloperidol, and that radioiodinated (+)-pIV is suitable as radiotracer for sigma-1 receptor studies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shiba
- Division of Tracer Kinetics, Advanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
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Palacios G, Muro A, Verdú E, Pumarola M, Vela JM. Immunohistochemical localization of the sigma1 receptor in Schwann cells of rat sciatic nerve. Brain Res 2004; 1007:65-70. [PMID: 15064136 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The sigma-1 (sigma(1)) receptors can bind different psychotropic drugs and have been implicated in schizophrenia, depression and dementia. The cloning of the sigma(1)-receptor has allowed to obtain specific antibodies and, in a recent immunohistochemical study, we demonstrated that, in addition to neurons, the sigma(1)-receptor is located in oligodendrocytes [Brain Res. 961 (2003) 92.]. In the present study using in vivo and in vitro techniques, we demonstrate the localization of the sigma(1)-receptor in Schwann cells. Double immunofluorescence studies showed that sigma(1)-receptor co-localized with S100 protein, a specific marker of Schwann cells, in both rat sciatic nerve Schwann cells and Schwann cells in cultures. The sigma(1)-receptor immunoreactivity was seen in the cytoplasm and paranodal region formed by these cells, but not in myelin itself. The presence of sigma(1)-receptor in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells is discussed on the basis on recent findings involving this receptor in lipid metabolism, compartmentalization and transport to the plasma membrane, thus suggesting a role for sigma(1)-receptor signaling in myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Palacios
- Histopathology Unit, Research Center, Laboratorios del Dr. Esteve, S.A., Av. Mare de Déu de Montserrat 221, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
The sigma receptor was originally proposed to be a subtype of the opioid receptor. However, it is now clear that sigma receptors are unique non-opioid, non-phencyclidine brain proteins. Two types of sigma receptor exist, the sigma-1 receptor and the sigma-2 receptor. sigma-1 receptors have been cloned and their distribution, physiological functions and roles in signal transduction were recently characterised. Certain sex hormones in the brain (neurosteroids) are known to interact with sigma-1 receptors. sigma-1 receptors regulate glutamate NMDA receptor function and the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine. They are thus proposed to be involved in learning and memory as well as in certain neuropsychiatric disorders. Selective sigma-1 receptor ligands have been suggested to represent a new class of therapeutic agents for neuropsychiatric disorders, although none have yet been introduced into therapeutic use. Early studies showed that psychotomimetic benzomorphans, as well as several antipsychotics, can bind to sigma-1 receptors. As a result of these findings, sigma-1 receptor ligands have been proposed as being of potential use in the treatment of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the relationship of sigma-1 receptors to the underlying pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still unclear. sigma-1 receptor ligands have failed to improve acute psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia in clinical trials, but, interestingly, a few studies have shown an improvement in negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. A number of preclinical studies have shown that selective agonists of sigma-1 receptors affect higher-ordered brain functions such as learning and memory, cognition and mood. These studies indicate that sigma-1 receptor agonists may exert therapeutic effects in depression and senile dementia. Indeed, the sigma-1 receptor agonist igmesine, has been shown to improve depression in a clinical trial. The most distinctive feature of the action of sigma-1 receptor ligands is their "modulatory" role. In behavioural studies of depression and memory, they exert beneficial effects only when brain functions are perturbed. Given the recently accumulated preclinical and clinical data, it is time to reconstruct the concept of sigma-1 receptors and the associated pathophysiological conditions that ligands of these receptors target. This would allow clinical trials to be performed more efficiently, and the results may confirm a long-speculated possibility that sigma-1 receptor ligands represent a new class of therapeutic agents for neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Hayashi
- Cellular Pathobiology Unit, Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21209, USA.
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Brown C, Fezoui M, Selig WM, Schwartz CE, Ellis JL. Antitussive activity of sigma-1 receptor agonists in the guinea-pig. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 141:233-40. [PMID: 14691051 PMCID: PMC1574192 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2003] [Revised: 10/20/2003] [Accepted: 10/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Current antitussive medications have limited efficacy and often contain the opiate-like agent dextromethorphan (DEX). The mechanism whereby DEX inhibits cough is ill defined. DEX displays affinity at both NMDA and sigma receptors, suggesting that the antitussive activity may involve central or peripheral activity at either of these receptors. This study examined and compared the antitussive activity of DEX and various putative sigma receptor agonists in the guinea-pig citric-acid cough model. 2. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of DEX (30 mg kg(-1)) and the sigma-1 agonists SKF-10,047 (1-5 mg kg(-1)), Pre-084 (5 mg kg(-1)), and carbetapentane (1-5 mg kg(-1)) inhibited citric-acid-induced cough in guinea-pigs. Intraperitoneal administration of a sigma-1 antagonist, BD 1047 (1-5 mg kg(-1)), reversed the inhibition of cough elicited by SKF-10,047. In addition, two structurally dissimilar sigma agonists SKF-10,047 (1 mg ml(-1)) and Pre-084 (1 mg ml(-1)) inhibited cough when administered by aerosol. 3. Aerosolized BD 1047 (1 mg ml(-1), 30 min) prevented the antitussive action of SKF-10,047 (5 mg kg(-1)) or DEX (30 mg kg(-1)) given by i.p. administration and, likewise, i.p. administration of BD 1047 (5 mg kg(-1)) prevented the antitussive action of SKF-10,047 given by aerosol (1 mg ml(-1)). 4. These results therefore support the argument that antitussive effects of DEX may be mediated via sigma receptors, since both systemic and aerosol administration of sigma-1 receptor agonists inhibit citric-acid-induced cough in guinea-pigs. While significant systemic exposure is possible with aerosol administration, the very low doses administered (estimated <0.3 mg kg(-1)) suggest that there may be a peripheral component to the antitussive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Brown
- UCB Research Inc., UCB Pharma, 840 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Klouz A, Tillement JP, Boussard MF, Wierzbicki M, Berezowski V, Cecchelli R, Labidalle S, Onténiente B, Morin D. [3H]BHDP as a novel and selective ligand for sigma1 receptors in liver mitochondria and brain synaptosomes of the rat. FEBS Lett 2003; 553:157-62. [PMID: 14550565 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The binding profile of [(3)H]BHDP ([(3)H]N-benzyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-piperazine) was evaluated. [(3)H]BHDP labelled a single class of binding sites with high affinity (K(d)=2-3 nM) in rat liver mitochondria and synaptic membranes. The pharmacological characterization of these sites using sigma reference compounds revealed that these sites are sigma receptors and, more particularly, sigma1 receptors. Indeed, BHDP inhibited [(3)H]pentazocine binding, a marker for sigma1 receptors, with high affinity in a competitive manner. BHDP is selective for sigma1 receptors since it did not show any relevant affinity for most of the other receptors, ion channels or transporters tested. Moreover, in an in vitro model of cellular hypoxia, BHDP prevented the fall in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels caused by 24 h hypoxia in cultured astrocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that [(3)H]BHDP is a potent and selective ligand for sigma1 receptors showing cytoprotective effects in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Klouz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, EA427, Faculté de Médecine, Créteil, France
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Nuwayhid SJ, Werling LL. Steroids modulate N-methyl-D-aspartate-stimulated [3H] dopamine release from rat striatum via sigma receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 306:934-40. [PMID: 12750428 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.052324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids have been proposed as endogenous ligands at sigma receptors. In the current study, we examined the ability of steroids to regulate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-stimulated [3H]dopamine release from slices of rat striatal tissue. We found that both progesterone and pregnenolone inhibit [3H]dopamine release in a concentration-dependent manner similarly to prototypical agonists, such as (+)-pentazocine. The inhibition seen by both progesterone and pregnenolone exhibits IC50 values consistent with reported Ki values for these steroids obtained in binding studies, and was fully reversed by both the sigma1 antagonist 1-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-2'-4"flurophenyl)-2'oxoethyl)piperidine HBr (DuP734) and the sigma2 antagonist 1'-[4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-H-indol-3-yl]-1-butyl]spiro[iso-benzofuran-1(3H), 4'piperidine] (Lu28-179). Lastly, to determine whether a protein kinase C (PKC) signaling system might be involved in the inhibition of NMDA-stimulated [3H]dopamine release, we tested the PKCbeta-selective inhibitor 5,21:12,17-dimetheno-18H-dibenzo[i,o]pyrrolo[3,4 - 1][1,8]diacyclohexadecine-18,20(19H)-dione,8-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydro-monomethanesulfonate (9Cl) (LY379196) against both progesterone and pregnenolone. We found that LY379196 at 30 nM reversed the inhibition of release by both progesterone and pregnenolone. These findings support steroids as candidates for endogenous ligands at sigma receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer J Nuwayhid
- Department of Pharmacology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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