1
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Sivoria N, Mahato RR, Priyanka, Saini A, Maiti S. Enzymatic Dissociation of DNA-Histone Condensates in an Electrophoretic Setting: Modulating DNA Patterning and Hydrogel Viscoelasticity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13505-13514. [PMID: 38896798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Development of an energy-driven self-assembly process is a matter of interest for understanding and mimicking diverse ranges of biological and environmental patterns in a synthetic system. In this article, first we demonstrate transient and temporally controlled self-assembly of a DNA-histone condensate where trypsin (already present in the system) hydrolyzes histone, resulting in disassembly. Upon performing this dynamic self-assembly process in a gel matrix under an electric field, we observe diverse kinds of DNA patterning across the gel matrix depending on the amount of trypsin, incubation time of the reaction mixture, and gel porosity. Notably, here, the micrometer-sized DNA-histone condensate does not move through the gel and only free DNA can pass; therefore, transport and accumulation of DNA at different zones depend on the release rate of DNA by trypsin. Furthermore, we show that the viscoelasticity of the native gel increases in the presence of DNA and a pattern over gel viscoelasticity at different zones can be achieved by tuning the amount of enzyme, i.e., the dissociation rate of the DNA-histone condensate. We believe enabling spatiotemporally controlled DNA patterning by applying an electric field will be potentially important in designing different kinds of spatiotemporally distinct dynamic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Sivoria
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Rishi Ram Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Priyanka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Aman Saini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
| | - Subhabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Manauli 140306, India
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2
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Gibson W, Mulvey JT, Das S, Selmani S, Merham JG, Rakowski AM, Schwartz E, Hochbaum AI, Guan Z, Green JR, Patterson JP. Observing the Dynamics of an Electrochemically Driven Active Material with Liquid Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11898-11909. [PMID: 38648551 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical liquid electron microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of nanomaterial dynamics by allowing for direct observation of their electrochemical production. This technique, primarily applied to inorganic materials, is now being used to explore the self-assembly dynamics of active molecular materials. Our study examines these dynamics across various scales, from the nanoscale behavior of individual fibers to the micrometer-scale hierarchical evolution of fiber clusters. To isolate the influences of the electron beam and electrical potential on material behavior, we conducted thorough beam-sample interaction analyses. Our findings reveal that the dynamics of these active materials at the nanoscale are shaped by their proximity to the electrode and the applied electrical current. By integrating electron microscopy observations with reaction-diffusion simulations, we uncover that local structures and their formation history play a crucial role in determining assembly rates. This suggests that the emergence of nonequilibrium structures can locally accelerate further structural development, offering insights into the behavior of active materials under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyeth Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Swetamber Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jovany G Merham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alexander M Rakowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eric Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Allon I Hochbaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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3
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Sarkar A, Dúzs B, Walther A. Fuel-Driven Enzymatic Reaction Networks to Program Autonomous Thiol/Disulfide Redox Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10281-10285. [PMID: 38569008 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Fuel-driven dissipative formation of disulfide bonds using competing oxidative activation and reductive deactivation presents a possibly very versatile avenue for autonomous materials design. However, this is challenging to realize because of the direct annihilation of oxidizing fuel and a deactivating reducing agent. We overcome this challenge by introducing a redox-based enzymatic reaction network (ERN), enabling the dissipative disulfide formation for molecularly dissolved thiols in a fully autonomous manner. Moreover, the ERN allows for programming hydrogel lifetimes by utilizing thiol-terminated star polymers (sPEG-SH). The ERN can be customized to operate with aliphatic and aromatic thiols and should thus be broadly applicable to functional thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sarkar
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Brigitta Dúzs
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- Life-Like Materials and Systems, Department of Chemistry, University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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4
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Baretta R, Frasconi M. Electrically Powered Dissipative Hydrogel Networks Reveal Transient Stiffness Properties for Out-of-Equilibrium Operations. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7408-7418. [PMID: 38440849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Living systems use dissipative processes to enable precise spatiotemporal control over various functions, including the transient modulation of the stiffness of tissues, which, however, is challenging to achieve in soft materials. Here, we report a new platform to program hydrogel films with tunable, time-dependent mechanical properties under out-of-equilibrium conditions, powered by electricity. We show that the lifetime of the transient network of a surface-confined hydrogel film can be effectively controlled by programming the generation of an electrochemically oxidized mediator in the presence of a chemical or photoreducing agent in solution. It is, therefore, electrically possible to direct the transient stiffening or softening of the hydrogel film, enabling high modularity of the material functions with precise spatiotemporal control. Temporally controlled operations of the hydrogel films are demonstrated for the on-demand, dose-controlled release of multiple model protein payloads from electrode arrays using the present electrically powered dissipative system. This demonstration of electrically driven transient modulation of the stiffness properties of hydrogel films represents an important step toward the engineering of dissipative materials for developing future biomedical applications that can harness the temporal, adaptive properties of this new class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baretta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Song Y, Selmani S, Freites JA, Guan Z, Tobias DJ. Multiscale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of an Active Self-Assembling Material. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1266-1274. [PMID: 38290526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the adaptability observed in biological materials, self-assembly processes have attracted significant interest for their potential to yield novel materials with unique properties. However, experimental methods have often fallen short in capturing the molecular details of the assembly process. In this study, we employ a multiscale molecular dynamics simulation approach, complemented by NMR quantification, to investigate the mechanism of self-assembly in a redox-fueled bioinspired system. Contrary to conventional assumptions, we have uncovered a significant role played by the monomer precursor in the assembly process, with its presence varying with concentration and the extent of conversion of the monomer to the dimer. Experimental confirmation through NMR quantification underscores the concentration-dependent incorporation of monomers into the fibrous structures. Furthermore, our simulations also shed light on the diverse intermolecular interactions, including T-shaped and parallel π stacking, as well as hydrogen bonds, in stabilizing the aggregates. Overall, the open conformation of the dimer is preferred within these aggregates. However, inside the aggregates, the distribution of conformations shifts slightly to the closed conformation compared to on the surface. These findings contribute to the growing field of bioinspired materials science by providing valuable mechanistic and structural insights to guide the design and development of self-assembling materials with biomimetic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - J Alfredo Freites
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Douglas J Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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6
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Hurst PJ, Mulvey JT, Bone RA, Selmani S, Hudson RF, Guan Z, Green JR, Patterson JP. CryoEM reveals the complex self-assembly of a chemically driven disulfide hydrogel. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1106-1116. [PMID: 38239701 PMCID: PMC10793653 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Inspired by the adaptability of biological materials, a variety of synthetic, chemically driven self-assembly processes have been developed that result in the transient formation of supramolecular structures. These structures form through two simultaneous reactions, forward and backward, which generate and consume a molecule that undergoes self-assembly. The dynamics of these assembly processes have been shown to differ from conventional thermodynamically stable molecular assemblies. However, the evolution of nanoscale morphologies in chemically driven self-assembly and how they compare to conventional assemblies has not been resolved. Here, we use a chemically driven redox system to separately carry out the forward and backward reactions. We analyze the forward and backward reactions both sequentially and synchronously with time-resolved cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoEM). Quantitative image analysis shows that the synchronous process is more complex and heterogeneous than the sequential process. Our key finding is that a thermodynamically unstable stacked nanorod phase, briefly observed in the backward reaction, is sustained for ∼6 hours in the synchronous process. Kinetic Monte Carlo modeling show that the synchronous process is driven by multiple cycles of assembly and disassembly. The collective data suggest that chemically driven self-assembly can create sustained morphologies not seen in thermodynamically stable assemblies by kinetically stabilizing transient intermediates. This finding provides plausible design principles to develop and optimize supramolecular materials with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Joshua Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Rebecca A Bone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
| | - Serxho Selmani
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Redford F Hudson
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Boston Boston Massachusetts 02125 USA
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
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7
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Chen J, Wang H, Long F, Bai S, Wang Y. Dynamic supramolecular hydrogels mediated by chemical reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14236-14248. [PMID: 37964743 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04353c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly in a biological system is usually dominated by sophisticated metabolic processes (chemical reactions) such as catalysis of enzymes and consumption of high energy chemicals, leading to groups of biomolecules with unique dynamics and functions in an aqueous environment. In recent years, increasing efforts have been made to couple chemical reactions to molecular self-assembly, with the aim of creating supramolecular materials with lifelike properties and functions. In this feature article, after summarising the work of chemical reaction mediated supramolecular hydrogels, we first focus on a typical example where dynamic self-assembly of molecular hydrogels is activated by in situ formation of a hydrazone bond in water. We discuss how the formation of the hydrazone-based supramolecular hydrogels can be controlled in time and space. After that, we describe transient assembly of supramolecular hydrogels powered by out-of-equilibrium chemical reaction networks regulated by chemical fuels, which show unique properties such as finite lifetime, dynamic structures, and regenerative capabilities. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future investigations that need to be done urgently, which range from fundamental research to real-life applications of dynamic supramolecular hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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8
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Dissanayake TU, Hughes J, Woehl TJ. Dynamic surface chemistry and interparticle interactions mediating chemically fueled dissipative assembly of colloids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:972-982. [PMID: 37453321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Dissipative assembly of colloids involves using a chemical fuel to temporarily activate organic colloid surface ligands to an assembly prone state. Colloids assemble into transient aggregates that disintegrate after the fuel is consumed. The underlying colloidal interactions controlling dissipative assembly have not been rigorously identified or quantified. We expect that fuel concentration dependent dissipative assembly behavior can be reconciled with measurements of dynamic colloid surface chemistry and colloidal interactions. EXPERIMENTS Carbodiimide chemistry was utilized to induce dissipative assembly of carboxylic acid functionalized polystyrene colloids. We measured aggregation kinetics, colloid surface hydrophobicity, and zeta potential as a function of time, which established that colloids underwent dissipative assembly for fuel concentrations between 5 and 12.5 mM and irreversible aggregation at higher fuel concentrations due to transient changes in surface chemistry. FINDINGS We formulated a pairwise colloidal interaction potential model including hydrophobic interactions quantified by fluorescence binding experiments. Fuel concentrations causing dissipative assembly displayed a transient increase in secondary minimum depth and a primary maximum much larger than the thermal potential. Fuel concentrations leading to irreversible aggregation displayed a primary maximum smaller than the thermal potential. This is the first study to quantify surface chemistry and interparticle interactions during dissipative colloid assembly and represents a foundational step in rationally designing more complex dissipative assembly systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilini U Dissanayake
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Justin Hughes
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Taylor J Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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9
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Wang Z, Xiao J, Zhao T, Zhang C, Wang L, He N, Kong Q, Wang X. Transient regulation of gel properties by chemical reaction networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9818-9831. [PMID: 37497715 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Transient regulation of gel properties by chemical reaction networks (CRNs) represents an emerging and effective strategy to program or temporally control the structures, properties, and functions of gel materials in a self-regulated manner. CRNs provide significant opportunities to construct complex or sustainable gels with excellent dynamic features, thus expanding the application scope of these materials. CRN-based methods for transiently regulating the gel properties are receiving increasing attention, and the related fields are worth further studying. This feature article focuses on the CRN-mediated transient regulation of six properties of gels, which are transient gelation, transient liquefaction of gels, transient assembly of macroscopic gels, temporary actuation of gels, transient healing ability of kinetically inert gels, and cascade reaction-based self-reporting of external stimuli. Recent advances that showcase the six properties of gels controlled by CRNs are featured, the characterization and structural elucidation of gels are detailed, and the significance, achievements, and expectations of this field are discussed. The strategy of transient regulation of gel properties via CRNs is potentially useful for building the next generation of adaptive functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongrui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Jing Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Chunxiao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Luping Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Nan He
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Qingming Kong
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials and Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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10
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Zhao T, Wang Z, Yang Y, Liu K, Wang X. Cyclic Macroscopic Assembly and Disassembly Driven by Ionic Strength Fuel: A Waste-Free Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37402443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium assembling systems developed so far have relied on chemical fuels to drive the programmable pH cycles, redox reactions, and metastable bond formations. However, these methods often result in the unwanted accumulation of chemical waste. Herein, we present a novel strategy for achieving cyclic and waste-free nonequilibrium assembly and disassembly of macroscopic hydrogels, utilizing an ionic strength-mediated approach. Our strategy involves using ammonium carbonate as a chemical fuel to temporally regulate the attractions between oppositely charged hydrogels via ionic strength-controlled charge screening and hydrogel elasticity changes. This chemical fuel effectively mediates the assembly/disassembly processes and prevents waste accumulation, as ammonium carbonate can completely decompose into volatile chemical waste. The cyclic and reversible assembly process can be achieved without significant damping due to the self-clearance mechanism, as long as the chemical fuel is repeatedly supplied. This concept holds promise for creating macroscopic and microscopic nonequilibrium systems and self-adaptive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhongrui Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
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11
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Yang C, Xiao H, Luo Z, Tang L, Dai B, Zhou N, Liang E, Wang G, Tang J. A light-fueled dissipative aggregation-induced emission system for time-dependent information encryption. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5910-5913. [PMID: 37170996 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01092a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A light-fueled dissipative aggregation-induced emission (LDAIE) system is successfully fabricated based on reversible electrostatic interactions between cationic AIE luminogens (AIEgens) and anionic spiropyran (ASP) transformed from sulfonato-merocyanine photoacid (SMEH) upon 420 nm light irradiation. The novel LDAIE system can exhibit reversible and spontaneous AIE fluorescence on/off, showing potential in time-dependent information encryption with self-erasing ability. This work opens new opportunities to fabricate a unique fluorescent anti-counterfeiting platform with high-level security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, P. R. China.
- College of Packaging and Material Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, P. R. China.
| | - Hangxiang Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, P. R. China.
| | - Zichen Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, P. R. China.
| | - Li Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, P. R. China.
| | - Bailin Dai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, P. R. China.
| | - Ningbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Enxiang Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Guoxiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Science and Technology Yueyang, Hunan Province 414006, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Advanced Carbon-based Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, P. R. China.
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12
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Nikfarjam S, Gibbons R, Burni F, Raghavan SR, Anisimov MA, Woehl TJ. Chemically Fueled Dissipative Cross-Linking of Protein Hydrogels Mediated by Protein Unfolding. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1131-1140. [PMID: 36795055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cells assemble dynamic protein-based nanostructures far from equilibrium, such as microtubules, in a process referred to as dissipative assembly. Synthetic analogues have utilized chemical fuels and reaction networks to form transient hydrogels and molecular assemblies from small molecule or synthetic polymer building blocks. Here, we demonstrate dissipative cross-linking of transient protein hydrogels using a redox cycle, which exhibit protein unfolding-dependent lifetimes and mechanical properties. Fast oxidation of cysteine groups on bovine serum albumin by hydrogen peroxide, the chemical fuel, formed transient hydrogels with disulfide bond cross-links that degraded over hours by a slow reductive back reaction. Interestingly, despite increased cross-linking, the hydrogel lifetime decreased as a function of increasing denaturant concentration. Experiments showed that the solvent-accessible cysteine concentration increased with increasing denaturant concentration due to unfolding of secondary structures. The increased cysteine concentration consumed more fuel, which led to less direction oxidation of the reducing agent and affected a shorter hydrogel lifetime. Increased hydrogel stiffness, disulfide cross-linking density, and decreased oxidation of redox-sensitive fluorescent probes at a high denaturant concentration provided evidence supporting the unveiling of additional cysteine cross-linking sites and more rapid consumption of hydrogen peroxide at higher denaturant concentrations. Taken together, the results indicate that the protein secondary structure mediated the transient hydrogel lifetime and mechanical properties by mediating the redox reactions, a feature unique to biomacromolecules that exhibit a higher order structure. While prior works have focused on the effects of the fuel concentration on dissipative assembly of non-biological molecules, this work demonstrates that the protein structure, even in nearly fully denatured proteins, can exert similar control over reaction kinetics, lifetime, and resulting mechanical properties of transient hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakiba Nikfarjam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Rebecca Gibbons
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Faraz Burni
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Srinivasa R Raghavan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Mikhail A Anisimov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
- Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Taylor J Woehl
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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13
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Barpuzary D, Hurst PJ, Patterson JP, Guan Z. Waste-Free Fully Electrically Fueled Dissipative Self-Assembly System. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3727-3735. [PMID: 36746118 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance and prevalence of energy-fueled active materials in living systems have inspired the design of synthetic active materials using various fuels. However, several major limitations of current designs remain to be addressed, such as the accumulation of chemical wastes during the process, unsustainable active behavior, and the lack of precise spatiotemporal control. Here, we demonstrate a fully electrically fueled (e-fueled) active self-assembly material that can overcome the aforementioned limitations. Using an electrochemical setup with dual electrocatalysts, the anodic oxidation of one electrocatalyst (ferrocyanide, [Fe(CN)6]4-) creates a positive fuel to activate the self-assembly, while simultaneously, the cathodic reduction of the other electrocatalyst (methyl viologen, [MV]2+) generates a negative fuel triggering fiber disassembly. Due to the fully catalytic nature for the reaction networks, this fully e-fueled active material system does not generate any chemical waste, can sustain active behavior for an extended period when the electrical potential is maintained, and provides spatiotemporal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Barpuzary
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Paul J Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California92697, United States
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14
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Chowdhuri S, Das S, Kushwaha R, Das T, Das BK, Das D. Cumulative Effect of pH and Redox Triggers on Highly Adaptive Transient Coacervates. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203820. [PMID: 36786201 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
An intricate synergism between multiple biochemical processes and physical conditions determines the formation and function of various biological self-assemblies. Thus, a complex set of variables dictate the far-from-equilibrium nature of these biological assemblies. Mimicking such systems synthetically is a challenging task. We report multi-stimuli responsive transient coacervation of an aldehyde-appended polymer and a short peptide. The coacervates are formed by the disulphide linkages between the peptide molecules and the imine bond between the polymer and the peptide. Imines are susceptible to pH changes and the disulphide bonds can be tuned by oxidation/reduction processes. Thus, the coacervation is operational only under the combined effect of appropriate pH and oxidative conditions. Taking advantage of these facts, the coacervates are transiently formed under a pH cycle (urea-urease/gluconolactone) and a non-equilibrium redox cycle (TCEP/H2 O2 ). Importantly, the system showed high adaptability toward environmental changes. The transient existence of the coacervates can be generated without any apparent change in size and shape within the same system through the sequential application of the above-mentioned nonequilibrium reaction cycles. Additionally, the coacervation allows for efficient encapsulation/stabilisation of proteins. Thus, the system has the potential to be used for protein/drug delivery purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Chowdhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Saurav Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ritvika Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Tanushree Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Basab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
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15
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Ragazzon G, Malferrari M, Arduini A, Secchi A, Rapino S, Silvi S, Credi A. Autonomous Non-Equilibrium Self-Assembly and Molecular Movements Powered by Electrical Energy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214265. [PMID: 36422473 PMCID: PMC10107654 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to exploit energy autonomously is one of the hallmarks of life. Mastering such processes in artificial nanosystems can open technological opportunities. In the last decades, light- and chemically driven autonomous systems have been developed in relation to conformational motion and self-assembly, mostly in relation to molecular motors. In contrast, despite electrical energy being an attractive energy source to power nanosystems, its autonomous harnessing has received little attention. Herein we consider an operation mode that allows the autonomous exploitation of electrical energy by a self-assembling system. Threading and dethreading motions of a pseudorotaxane take place autonomously in solution, powered by the current flowing between the electrodes of a scanning electrochemical microscope. The underlying autonomous energy ratchet mechanism drives the self-assembly steps away from equilibrium with a higher energy efficiency compared to other autonomous systems. The strategy is general and might be extended to other redox-driven systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragazzon
- Institut de Science et d'Ingégnierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS) UMR 7006, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,CLAN-Center for Light-Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light-Activated Nanostructures (CLAN), Università di Bologna and Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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16
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Ravarino P, Panja S, Bianco S, Koev T, Wallace M, Adams DJ. Controlled Annealing in Adaptive Multicomponent Gels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215813. [PMID: 36418223 PMCID: PMC10107119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We use a pH-driven annealing process to convert between co-assembled and self-sorted networks in multicomponent gels. The initially formed gels at low pH are co-assembled, with the two components coexisting within the same self-assembled structures. We use an enzymatic approach to increase the pH, resulting in a gel-to-sol transition, followed by a hydrolysis to lower the pH once again. As the pH decreases, a self-sorted network is formed by a two-stage gelation process determined by the pKa of each component. This approach can be expanded to layered systems to generate many varied systems by changing composition and rates of pH change, adapting their microstructure and so allowing access to a far greater range of morphologies and complexity than can be achieved in single component systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ravarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica Giacomo Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santanu Panja
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Simona Bianco
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Todor Koev
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Matthew Wallace
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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17
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Bone RA, Green JR. Optimizing dynamical functions for speed with stochastic paths. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:224101. [PMID: 36546817 DOI: 10.1063/5.0125479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Living systems are built from microscopic components that function dynamically; they generate work with molecular motors, assemble and disassemble structures such as microtubules, keep time with circadian clocks, and catalyze the replication of DNA. How do we implement these functions in synthetic nanostructured materials to execute them before the onset of dissipative losses? Answering this question requires a quantitative understanding of when we can improve performance and speed while minimizing the dissipative losses associated with operating in a fluctuating environment. Here, we show that there are four modalities for optimizing dynamical functions that can guide the design of nanoscale systems. We analyze Markov models that span the design space: a clock, ratchet, replicator, and self-assembling system. Using stochastic thermodynamics and an exact expression for path probabilities, we classify these models of dynamical functions based on the correlation of speed with dissipation and with the chosen performance metric. We also analyze random networks to identify the model features that affect their classification and the optimization of their functionality. Overall, our results show that the possible nonequilibrium paths can determine our ability to optimize the performance of dynamical functions, despite ever-present dissipation, when there is a need for speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Bone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
| | - Jason R Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, USA
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18
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Hossain MM, Jayalath IM, Baral R, Hartley CS. Carbodiimide‐Induced Formation of Transient Polyether Cages**. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isuru M. Jayalath
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Renuka Baral
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - C. Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
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19
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Sharko A, Livitz D, De Piccoli S, Bishop KJM, Hermans TM. Insights into Chemically Fueled Supramolecular Polymers. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11759-11777. [PMID: 35674495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymerization can be controlled in space and time by chemical fuels. A nonassembled monomer is activated by the fuel and subsequently self-assembles into a polymer. Deactivation of the molecule either in solution or inside the polymer leads to disassembly. Whereas biology has already mastered this approach, fully artificial examples have only appeared in the past decade. Here, we map the available literature examples into four distinct regimes depending on their activation/deactivation rates and the equivalents of deactivating fuel. We present increasingly complex mathematical models, first considering only the chemical activation/deactivation rates (i.e., transient activation) and later including the full details of the isodesmic or cooperative supramolecular processes (i.e., transient self-assembly). We finish by showing that sustained oscillations are possible in chemically fueled cooperative supramolecular polymerization and provide mechanistic insights. We hope our models encourage the quantification of activation, deactivation, assembly, and disassembly kinetics in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Livitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Kyle J M Bishop
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Thomas M Hermans
- University of Strasbourg & CNRS, UMR7140, Strasbourg 67000, France
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20
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Olivieri E, Gasch B, Quintard G, Naubron JV, Quintard A. Dissipative Acid-Fueled Reprogrammable Supramolecular Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24720-24728. [PMID: 35580903 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Smart materials reversibly changing properties in response to a stimuli are promising for a broad array of applications. In this article, we report the use of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as fuel to create new types of time-controlled materials switching reversibly from a gel to a solution (gel-sol-gel cycle). Applying various neutral amines as organogelators, TCA addition induces amine protonation, switching the system to a solution, while TCA decarboxylation over time enables a return to the initial gel state. Consequently, the newly obtained materials possess interesting time-dependent properties applied in the generation of remoldable objects, as an erasing ink, as chiroptical switches, or for the generation of new types of electrical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Olivieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Baptiste Gasch
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Guilhem Quintard
- Université de Lyon, INSA LYON, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP-UMR CNRS 5223, F 69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Valère Naubron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Spectropole, FR1739 Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13397 Marseille, France
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21
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Selmani S, Schwartz E, Mulvey JT, Wei H, Grosvirt-Dramen A, Gibson W, Hochbaum AI, Patterson JP, Ragan R, Guan Z. Electrically Fueled Active Supramolecular Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7844-7851. [PMID: 35446034 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fuel-driven dissipative self-assemblies play essential roles in living systems, contributing both to their complex, dynamic structures and emergent functions. Several dissipative supramolecular materials have been created using chemicals or light as fuel. However, electrical energy, one of the most common energy sources, has remained unexplored for such purposes. Here, we demonstrate a new platform for creating active supramolecular materials using electrically fueled dissipative self-assembly. Through an electrochemical redox reaction network, a transient and highly active supramolecular assembly is achieved with rapid kinetics, directionality, and precise spatiotemporal control. As electronic signals are the default information carriers in modern technology, the described approach offers a potential opportunity to integrate active materials into electronic devices for bioelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serxho Selmani
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Eric Schwartz
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Justin T Mulvey
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hong Wei
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Adam Grosvirt-Dramen
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Wyeth Gibson
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Allon I Hochbaum
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph P Patterson
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Regina Ragan
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Center for Complex and Active Materials, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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22
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Tan M, Takeuchi M, Takai A. Spatiotemporal dynamics of supramolecular polymers by in situ quantitative catalyst-free hydroamination. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4413-4423. [PMID: 35509456 PMCID: PMC9006958 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing chemical reactivity into synthetic supramolecular polymers based on π-conjugated molecules has been of great interest to create functional materials with spatiotemporal dynamic properties. However, the development of an in situ chemical reaction within supramolecular polymers is still in its infancy, because one needs to design optimal π-conjugated monomers having excellent reactivity under mild conditions possibly without byproducts or a catalyst. Herein we report the synthesis of a supramolecular polymer based on ethynyl core-substituted naphthalenediimide (S-NDI2) molecules that react with various amines quantitatively in a nonpolar solvent, without a catalyst, at 298 K. Most interestingly, the in situ reaction of the S-NDI2 supramolecular polymer with a linear aliphatic diamine proceeded much faster than the homogeneous reaction of a monomeric naphthalenediimide with the same diamine, affording diamine-linked S-NDI2 oligomers and polymers. The acceleration of in situ hydroamination was presumably due to rapid intra-supramolecular cross-linking between ethynyl and amino groups fixed in close proximity within the supramolecular polymer. Such intra-supramolecular cross-linking did not occur efficiently with an incompatible diamine. The systematic kinetic studies of in situ catalyst-free hydroamination within supramolecular polymers provide us with a useful, facile and versatile tool kit for designing dynamic supramolecular polymeric materials based on electron-deficient π-conjugated monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Tan
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Atsuro Takai
- Molecular Design and Function Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0047 Japan
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23
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Using Rheology to Understand Transient and Dynamic Gels. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020132. [PMID: 35200514 PMCID: PMC8872063 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular gels can be designed such that pre-determined changes in state occur. For example, systems that go from a solution (sol) state to a gel state and then back to a sol state can be prepared using chemical processes to control the onset and duration of each change of state. Based on this, more complex systems such as gel-to-sol-to-gel and gel-to-gel-to-gel systems can be designed. Here, we show that we can provide additional insights into such systems by using rheological measurements at varying values of frequency or strain during the evolution of the systems. Since the different states are affected to different degrees by the frequency and/or strain applied, this allows us to better understand and follow the changes in state in such systems.
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24
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Xie X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Wang M, Cui Y, Li J, Liu C. Programmable Transient Supramolecular Chiral G‐quadruplex Hydrogels by a Chemically Fueled Non‐equilibrium Self‐Assembly Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qiao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yujia Liang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Mengke Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yihan Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Chun‐Sen Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
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25
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Schwarz PS, Tena-Solsona M, Dai K, Boekhoven J. Carbodiimide-fueled catalytic reaction cycles to regulate supramolecular processes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1284-1297. [PMID: 35014639 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06428b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular self-assembly, supramolecular chemists can create Gigadalton-structures with angstrom precision held together by non-covalent interactions. However, despite relying on the same molecular toolbox for self-assembly, these synthetic structures lack the complexity and sophistication of biological assemblies. Those assemblies are non-equilibrium structures that rely on the constant consumption of energy transduced from the hydrolysis of chemical fuels like ATP and GTP, which endows them with dynamic properties, e.g., temporal and spatial control and self-healing ability. Thus, to synthesize life-like materials, we have to find a reaction cycle that converts chemical energy to regulate self-assembly. We and others recently found that this can be done by a reaction cycle that hydrates carbodiimides. This feature article aims to provide an overview of how the energy transduced from carbodiimide hydration can alter the function of molecules and regulate molecular assemblies. The goal is to offer the reader design considerations for carbodiimide-driven reaction cycles to create a desired morphology or function of the assembly and ultimately to push chemically fueled self-assembly further towards the bottom-up synthesis of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Marta Tena-Solsona
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Kun Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany. .,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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26
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Das S, Das T, Das P, Das D. Controlling the lifetime of cucurbit[8]uril based self-abolishing nanozymes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4050-4057. [PMID: 35440999 PMCID: PMC8985584 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07203j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature has evolved a unique mechanism of self-regulatory feedback loops that help in maintiaing an internal cellular environment conducive to growth, healing and metabolism. In biology, enzymes display feedback controlled...
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Tanushree Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Priyam Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Debapratim Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India
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27
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Xie XQ, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liang Y, Cui Y, Li J, Liu CS. Programmable Transient Supramolecular Chiral G-quadruplex Hydrogels via a Chemically Fueled Non-Equilibrium Self-assembly Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114471. [PMID: 34927378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial control of natural systems has aroused great interest in the creation of synthetic mimics. Operating with boronic ester-based dynamic covalent chemistry and coupling it with an internal pH feedback system, herein, we developed a new chemically fueled reaction network to design non-equilibrium supramolecular chiral G-quadruplex hydrogels with programmable lifetime from minutes, to hours, to days, as well as high transparency and conductivity, excellent injectability and rapid self-healability. The cycle system can be controlled via in-situ kinetically-controlled formation and dissociation of dynamic boronic ester bonds between cis-diols of guanosine (G) and 5-fluorobenzoxaborole (B) under chemical fuels (KOH and 1,3-propanesultone), leading to the formation of a precipitate-solution-gel-precipitate cycle under non-equilibrium conditions. A combined experimental-computational approach revealed that the underlying mechanism of the non-equilibrium self-assembly involves aggregation and disaggregation of right-handed helical G-quadruplex superstructure. With consecutive cycles of fuel addition, the non-equilibrium system can be easily refueled at least 6 cycles without obvious loss in the rheological moduli of the transient hydrogels. The proposed dynamic boronic ester-based non-equilibrium self-assembly strategy offers a new option to design next-generation adaptive and interactive smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiao Xie
- Henan University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Mengke Wang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Yujia Liang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Yihan Cui
- Henan University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Henan University of Technology, Chemistry Department, Lianhua Street No. 100, 450001, Zhengzhou, CHINA
| | - Chun-Sen Liu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
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28
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Dodo OJ, Petit L, Rajawasam CWH, Hartley CS, Konkolewicz D. Tailoring Lifetimes and Properties of Carbodiimide-Fueled Covalently Cross-linked Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Obed J. Dodo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Leilah Petit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Chamoni W. H. Rajawasam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - C. Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St., Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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29
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Chevigny R, Schirmer J, Piras CC, Johansson A, Kalenius E, Smith DK, Pettersson M, Sitsanidis ED, Nissinen M. Triggering a transient organo-gelation system in a chemically active solvent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10375-10378. [PMID: 34541596 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A transient organo-gelation system with spatiotemporal dynamic properties is described. Here, the solvent actively controls a complex set of equilibria that underpin the dynamic assembly event. The observed metastability is due to the in situ formation of a secondary solvent, acting as an antagonist against the primary solvent of the organogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Chevigny
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
| | - Johanna Schirmer
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
| | - Carmen C Piras
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andreas Johansson
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland. .,Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland
| | - Elina Kalenius
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
| | - David K Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
| | - Efstratios D Sitsanidis
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
| | - Maija Nissinen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
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Olivieri E, Quintard G, Naubron JV, Quintard A. Chemically Fueled Three-State Chiroptical Switching Supramolecular Gel with Temporal Control. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12650-12657. [PMID: 34351739 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of temporally controlled gels opens broad perspectives to the field of smart functional materials. However, to obtain fully operative systems, the design of simple and robust gels displaying complex functions is desirable. Herein, we fuel dissipative gelating materials through iterative additions of trichloroacetic acid (TCA). This simple fuel enables to switch over time an acid/base-dependent commercially available amino acid gelator/DBU combination between three distinct states (anionic, cationic, and neutral), while liberating volatile CO2 and CHCl3 upon fuel consumption. Of interest, the anionic resting state of the system is obtained through trapping of 1 equiv of CO2 through the formation of a carbamate. The system is tunable, robust, and resilient over time with over 25 consecutive sol-gel-sol cycles possible without significant loss of properties. Most importantly, because of the chiral nature of the amino acid gelator, the system features chiroptical switching properties moving reversibly between three distinct states as observed by ECD. The described system considerably enhances the potential of smart molecular devices for logic gates or data storage by adding a time dimension based on three states to the gelating materials. It is particularly simple in terms of chemical components involved, but it enables sophisticated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Olivieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Guilhem Quintard
- Université de Lyon, INSA LYON, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP-UMR, CNRS, 5223, F 69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Valère Naubron
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Spectropole-FR1739, Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Quintard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
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31
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Synthesis and characterization of chemically fueled supramolecular materials driven by carbodiimide-based fuels. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3901-3932. [PMID: 34194049 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many supramolecular materials in biological systems are driven to a nonequilibrium state by the irreversible consumption of high-energy molecules such as ATP or GTP. As a result, they exhibit unique dynamic properties such as a tunable lifetime, adaptivity or the ability to self-heal. In contrast, synthetic counterparts that exist in or close to equilibrium are controlled by thermodynamic parameters and therefore lack these dynamic properties. To mimic biological materials more closely, synthetic self-assembling systems have been developed that are driven out of equilibrium by chemical reactions. This protocol describes the synthesis and characterization of such an assembly, which is driven by carbodiimide fuels. Depending on the amount of chemical fuel added to the material, its lifetime can be tuned. In the first step, the protocol details the synthesis and purification of the peptide-based precursors for the fuel-driven assemblies by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Then, we explain how to analyze the kinetic response of the precursors to a carbodiimide-based chemical fuel by HPLC and kinetic models. Finally, we detail how to study the emerging assembly's macro- and microscopic properties by time-lapse photography, UV-visible spectroscopy, shear rheology, confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy. The procedure is described using the example of a colloid-forming precursor Fmoc-E-OH and a fiber-forming precursor Fmoc-AAD-OH to emphasize the differences in characterization depending on the type of assembly. The characterization of a precursor's transient assembly can be done within 5 d. The synthesis and purification of a peptide precursor requires 2 d of work.
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32
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Schwarz PS, Laha S, Janssen J, Huss T, Boekhoven J, Weber CA. Parasitic behavior in competing chemically fueled reaction cycles. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7554-7560. [PMID: 34163846 PMCID: PMC8171353 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01106e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-equilibrium, fuel-driven reaction cycles serve as model systems of the intricate reaction networks of life. Rich and dynamic behavior is observed when reaction cycles regulate assembly processes, such as phase separation. However, it remains unclear how the interplay between multiple reaction cycles affects the success of emergent assemblies. To tackle this question, we created a library of molecules that compete for a common fuel that transiently activates products. Often, the competition for fuel implies that a competitor decreases the lifetime of these products. However, in cases where the transient competitor product can phase-separate, such a competitor can increase the survival time of one product. Moreover, in the presence of oscillatory fueling, the same mechanism reduces variations in the product concentration while the concentration variations of the competitor product are enhanced. Like a parasite, the product benefits from the protection of the host against deactivation and increases its robustness against fuel variations at the expense of the robustness of the host. Such a parasitic behavior in multiple fuel-driven reaction cycles represents a lifelike trait, paving the way for the bottom-up design of synthetic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Sudarshana Laha
- Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Straße 38 01187 Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Pfotenhauerstraße 108 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Jacqueline Janssen
- Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Straße 38 01187 Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Pfotenhauerstraße 108 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Tabea Huss
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 2a 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Christoph A Weber
- Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Straße 38 01187 Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Pfotenhauerstraße 108 01307 Dresden Germany
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33
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Kariyawasam LS, Hossain MM, Hartley CS. The Transient Covalent Bond in Abiotic Nonequilibrium Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - C. Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
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34
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Kariyawasam LS, Hossain MM, Hartley CS. The Transient Covalent Bond in Abiotic Nonequilibrium Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12648-12658. [PMID: 33264456 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical systems accomplish many critical functions with by operating out-of-equilibrium using the energy of chemical fuels. The formation of a transient covalent bond is a simple but very effective tool in designing analogous reaction networks. This Minireview focuses on the fuel chemistries that have been used to generate transient bonds in recent demonstrations of abiotic nonequilibrium systems (i.e., systems that do not make use of biological components). Fuel reactions are divided into two fundamental classifications depending on whether the fuel contributes structural elements to the activated state, a distinction that dictates how they can be used. Reported systems are further categorized by overall fuel reaction (e.g., hydrolysis of alkylating agents, carbodiimide hydration) and illustrate how similar chemistry can be used to effect a wide range of nonequilibrium behavior, ranging from self-assembly to the operation of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasith S Kariyawasam
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | | | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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35
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Fan X, Walther A. Autonomous Transient pH Flips Shaped by Layered Compartmentalization of Antagonistic Enzymatic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3619-3624. [PMID: 33098236 PMCID: PMC7898518 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transient signaling orchestrates complex spatiotemporal behaviour in living organisms via (bio)chemical reaction networks (CRNs). Compartmentalization of signal processing is an important aspect for controlling such networks. However, artificial CRNs mostly focus on homogeneous solutions to program autonomous self-assembling systems, which limits their accessible behaviour and tuneability. Here, we introduce layered compartments housing antagonistic pH-modulating enzymes and demonstrate that transient pH signals in a supernatant solution can be programmed based on spatial delays. This overcomes limitations of activity mismatches of antagonistic enzymes in solution and allows to flexibly program acidic and alkaline pH lifecycles beyond the possibilities of homogeneous solutions. Lag time, lifetime, and the pH minima and maxima can be precisely programmed by adjusting spatial and kinetic conditions. We integrate these spatially controlled pH flips with switchable peptides, furnishing time-programmed self-assemblies and hydrogel material system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- ABMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Str. 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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36
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Fan X, Walther A. Autonomous Transient pH Flips Shaped by Layered Compartmentalization of Antagonistic Enzymatic Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Fan
- A3BMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab-Active Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT-Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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37
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Tena‐Solsona M, Janssen J, Wanzke C, Schnitter F, Park H, Rieß B, Gibbs JM, Weber CA, Boekhoven J. Accelerated Ripening in Chemically Fueled Emulsions**. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tena‐Solsona
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 2a 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Jacqueline Janssen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Strasse 38 01187 Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Caren Wanzke
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Fabian Schnitter
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Hansol Park
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive T6G 2G2 Edmonton Canada
| | - Benedikt Rieß
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Julianne M. Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive T6G 2G2 Edmonton Canada
| | - Christoph A. Weber
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Strasse 38 01187 Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 2a 85748 Garching Germany
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38
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Sun M, Deng J, Walther A. Polymer Transformers: Interdigitating Reaction Networks of Fueled Monomer Species to Reconfigure Functional Polymer States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18161-18165. [PMID: 32608535 PMCID: PMC7590193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptivity is an essential trait of life. One type of adaptivity is the reconfiguration of a functional system states by correlating sensory inputs. We report polymer transformers, which can adaptively reconfigure their composition from a state of a mixed copolymer to being enriched in either monomer A or B. This is achieved by embedding and hierarchically interconnecting two chemically fueled activation/deactivation enzymatic reaction networks for both monomers via a joint activation pathway (network level) and an AB linker monomer reactive to both A and B (species level). The ratio of enzymes governing the individual deactivation pathways (our external signals) control the enrichment behavior in the dynamic state. The method shows high programmability of the reconfigured state, rejuvenation of transformation cycles, and quick in situ adaptation. As a proof-of-concept, we showcase this dynamic reconfiguration for colloidal surface functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Sun
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Jie Deng
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Walther
- ABMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired MaterialsInstitute for Macromolecular ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 3179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF)University of FreiburgStefan-Meier-Straße 2179104FreiburgGermany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT)University of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired TechnologiesUniversity of FreiburgGeorges-Köhler-Allee 10579110FreiburgGermany
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39
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van Ravensteijn BGP, Voets IK, Kegel WK, Eelkema R. Out-of-Equilibrium Colloidal Assembly Driven by Chemical Reaction Networks. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10639-10656. [PMID: 32787015 PMCID: PMC7497707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Transient assembled structures play an indispensable role in a wide variety of processes fundamental to living organisms including cellular transport, cell motility, and proliferation. Typically, the formation of these transient structures is driven by the consumption of molecular fuels via dissipative reaction networks. In these networks, building blocks are converted from inactive precursor states to active (assembling) states by (a set of) irreversible chemical reactions. Since the activated state is intrinsically unstable and can be maintained only in the presence of sufficient fuel, fuel depletion results in the spontaneous disintegration of the formed superstructures. Consequently, the properties and behavior of these assembled structures are governed by the kinetics of fuel consumption rather than by their thermodynamic stability. This fuel dependency endows biological systems with unprecedented spatiotemporal adaptability and inherent self-healing capabilities. Fascinated by these unique material characteristics, coupling the assembly behavior to molecular fuel or light-driven reaction networks was recently implemented in synthetic (supra)molecular systems. In this invited feature article, we discuss recent studies demonstrating that dissipative assembly is not limited to the molecular world but can also be translated to building blocks of colloidal dimensions. We highlight crucial guiding principles for the successful design of dissipative colloidal systems and illustrate these with the current state of the art. Finally, we present our vision on the future of the field and how marrying nonequilibrium self-assembly with the functional properties associated with colloidal building blocks presents a promising route for the development of next-generation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas G. P. van Ravensteijn
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Willem K. Kegel
- Van
’t Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye
Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Utrecht
University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Eelkema
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Sun M, Deng J, Walther A. Polymer Transformers: Interdigitating Reaction Networks of Fueled Monomer Species to Reconfigure Functional Polymer States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Sun
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Jie Deng
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab—Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT—Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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