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da Cunha de Medeiros P, Nascimento CC, Perobelli JE. Antineoplastic drugs in environmentally relevant concentrations cause endocrine disruption and testicular dysfunction in experimental conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104122. [PMID: 37031830 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and methotrexate (MTX) are among the most widely consumed antineoplastic drugs worldwide. These drugs are known as emerging pollutants, once after consumption are excreted by feces and/or urine in a mixture of compounds and metabolites, entering the aquatic environment due to low efficiency in drug removal by effluent treatment plants. Considering that these substances may interact with the DNA, causing metabolic and morphological changes, leading to cell death, the present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of a long-term exposure to these antineoplastic drugs in environmentally relevant concentrations, on testicular morphophysiology of rats. Male Wistar rats (70 days old) were distributed into 4 groups (n = 10 / group): control, received only vehicle; MTX, received methotrexate at 10ngL-1 in drinking water; 5-FU received 5-fluorouracil at 10ngL-1 in drinking water; and MTX+ 5FU, received the combination of MTX and 5-FU at 10ngL-1 each. The treatment period was from postnatal day (PND)70 to PND160, when the animals were euthanized for evaluation of testicular toxicity and changes in endocrine signaling. In these experimental conditions, both drugs acted as endocrine disruptors causing cytotoxic effects in the testes of exposed rats, altering the structural pattern of seminiferous tubules and leading to oxidative stress even at environmental concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma da Cunha de Medeiros
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cinthia C Nascimento
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Perobelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, 11070-100 Santos, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Coimbra JLP, Dantas GDPF, de Andrade LM, Brener MRG, Viana PIM, Lopes RA, O G Gontijo D, Ervilha LOG, Assis MQ, Barcelos LS, E Szawka R, Damasceno DC, Machado-Neves M, Mota AP, Costa GMJ. Gold nanoparticle intratesticular injections as a potential animal sterilization tool: Long-term reproductive and toxicological implications. Toxicology 2023; 492:153543. [PMID: 37150288 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) animal sterilizing potential after intratesticular injections and long-term adverse reproductive and systemic effects. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into control and gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) groups. The rats received 200µL of saline or AuNPs solution (16µg/mL) on experimental days 1 and 7 (ED1 and ED7). After 150 days, the testicular blood flow was measured, and the rats were mated with females. After mating, male animals were euthanized for histological, cellular, and molecular evaluations. The female fertility indices and fetal development were also recorded. The results indicated increased blood flow in the testes of treated animals. Testes from treated rats had histological abnormalities, shorter seminiferous epithelia, and oxidative stress. Although the sperm concentration was lower in the AuNP-treated rats, there were no alterations in sperm morphology. Animals exposed to AuNPs had decreased male fertility indices, and their offspring had lighter and less efficient placentas. Additionally, the anogenital distance was longer in female fetuses. There were no changes in the histology of the kidney and liver, the lipid profile, and the serum levels of LH, testosterone, AST, ALT, ALP, albumin, and creatinine. The primary systemic effect was an increase in MDA levels in the liver and kidney, with only the liver experiencing an increase in CAT activity. In conclusion, AuNPs have a long-term impact on reproduction with very slight alterations in animal health. The development of reproductive biotechnologies that eliminate germ cells or treat local cancers can benefit from using AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L P Coimbra
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Graziela de P F Dantas
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lídia M de Andrade
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials, ICEX/UFMG, Nanobiomedical Research Group, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos R G Brener
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro I M Viana
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberta A Lopes
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele O G Gontijo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz O G Ervilha
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Toxicology, Department of General Biology, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Mirian Q Assis
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Toxicology, Department of General Biology, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciola S Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduate Course of Tocogynecology, Botucatu Medical School, Unesp
| | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Toxicology, Department of General Biology, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana P Mota
- Clinical Hematology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M J Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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3
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Souza ACF, Bastos DSS, Couto-Santos F, Guimarães-Ervilha LO, Araújo LS, Souza PHCA, Coimbra JLP, Oliveira LL, Guimarães SEF, Machado-Neves M. Long-term reproductive effects in male rats prenatally exposed to sodium arsenite. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1162-1173. [PMID: 36757007 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is an environmental toxicant known to be a carcinogen and endocrine disruptor. Maternal exposure to arsenic has been associated with fetus malformation and reproductive disorders in male offspring. However, it is unclear the extent to which those effects remain during postnatal development and adulthood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of prenatal arsenic exposure on reproductive parameters of male offspring at peripubertal and adult periods. Pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed to 0 or 10 mg/L sodium arsenite in drinking water from gestational day 1 (GD 1) until GD 21 and male pups were analyzed at postnatal day 44 (PND 44) and PND 70. We observed that some reproductive parameters were affected differently by arsenic exposure at each age evaluated. The body and reproductive organs weights, as well as testicular and epididymal morphology were strongly affected in peripubertal animals and recovered at adult period. On the other hand, the antioxidant genes expression (SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GSTK1) and the endogenous antioxidant system were affected in the testes and epididymides from both peripubertal and adult rats. Finally, an impairment in daily sperm production and in sperm parameters was observed in adult animals. Taken together, our findings show that prenatal arsenic exposure affected reproductive parameters of peripubertal and adult male rats mainly due to oxidative stress. Collectively, those alterations may be affecting fertility potential of adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia F Souza
- Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel S S Bastos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Felipe Couto-Santos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa S Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Pedro H C A Souza
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - John L P Coimbra
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leandro L Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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4
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Costa CRC, Belchor MN, Roggero A, Moraes LL, Samelo R, Annunciato I, Bonturi CR, Oliva MLV, Sousa SF, de Oliveira MA, Toyama MH. The First Anti-Snakebite and Hepatoprotective Characterization of a Trypsin Kunitz-like Inhibitor (EcTI) from the Plant Enterolobium contortisiliquum; A Case of Two Soul Mates Meeting. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040632. [PMID: 37111388 PMCID: PMC10145096 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom serine protease (SVSP) interferes with the regulation and control of important biological reactions in homeostasis and can be classified as an activator of the fibrinolytic system and platelet aggregation. Our group has recently isolated a new serine protease from Crotalus durissus terrificus total venom (Cdtsp-2). This protein exhibits edematogenic capacity and myotoxic activity. A Kunitz-like EcTI inhibitor protein with a molecular mass of 20 kDa was isolated from Enterolobium contortisiliquum and showed high trypsin inhibition. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify the possible inhibition of the pharmacological activities of Cdtsp-2 by the Kutinz-type inhibitor EcTI. To isolate Cdtsp-2 from total C. d. terrificus venom, we used three-step chromatographic HPLC. Using the mice paw edema model, we observed an edematogenic effect, myotoxicity and hepatotoxicity caused by Cdtsp-2. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the alterations in hemostasis caused by Cdtsp-2 are crucial for the development of marked hepatotoxicity and that EcTI significantly inhibits the enzymatic and pharmacological activities of Cdtsp-2. Kunitz-like inhibitor may be a viable alternative for the development of ancillary treatments against the biological activities of venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R C Costa
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
- Biosciences Institute of Paulista Coast Campus (IB/CLP), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana N Belchor
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
- Biosciences Institute of Paulista Coast Campus (IB/CLP), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Airam Roggero
- Biosciences Institute of Paulista Coast Campus (IB/CLP), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Laila L Moraes
- Biosciences Institute of Paulista Coast Campus (IB/CLP), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Samelo
- Biosciences Institute of Paulista Coast Campus (IB/CLP), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabelly Annunciato
- Biosciences Institute of Paulista Coast Campus (IB/CLP), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila R Bonturi
- National Institute of Pharmacology (INFAR), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria L V Oliva
- National Institute of Pharmacology (INFAR), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio F Sousa
- Unit of Applied Biomolecular Sciences (UCIBIO), REQUIMTE-BioSIM-Medicine Faculty, Porto University, 4050-345 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcos A de Oliveira
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
- Biosciences Institute of Paulista Coast Campus (IB/CLP), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos H Toyama
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André 09210-580, SP, Brazil
- Biosciences Institute of Paulista Coast Campus (IB/CLP), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), São Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
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5
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Machado-Neves M. Arsenic exposure and its implications in male fertility. Anim Reprod 2023; 19:e20220119. [PMID: 36819483 PMCID: PMC9924305 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure is a global health concern. This toxic metalloid is ubiquitous in the environment and contaminates food and drinking water. Once ingested, it undergoes a complex metabolic process within the body, which contributes to its accumulation and reactivity. Arsenic toxicity stems from the induction of oxidative stress, inhibition of thiol-containing proteins, and mimicry of inorganic phosphates. Arsenic poisoning is associated with the development of reproductive disorders. In males, arsenic causes a reduction in testicular weight and alterations in steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Moreover, it reduces the number and quality of spermatozoa harvested from the cauda epididymis. The mitochondria are targets of arsenic toxicity because of the production of free radicals and their high content of cysteine-rich proteins and fatty acids. Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to reproductive disorders because this organelle is crucial for controlling testicular and epididymal events related to sperm production and maturation. All of these alterations mediated by arsenic exposure contribute to the failure of male reproductive competence by reducing gamete viability. This review describes the potential mechanisms of arsenic toxicity, its detrimental effects on male reproductive organs, and consequences on sperm fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia GeralUniversidade Federal de ViçosaViçosaMGBrasilDepartamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil,Corresponding author:
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6
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Rachamalla M, Chinthada J, Kushwaha S, Putnala SK, Sahu C, Jena G, Niyogi S. Contemporary Comprehensive Review on Arsenic-Induced Male Reproductive Toxicity and Mechanisms of Phytonutrient Intervention. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120744. [PMID: 36548577 PMCID: PMC9784647 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a poisonous metalloid that is toxic to both humans and animals. Drinking water contamination has been linked to the development of cancer (skin, lung, urinary bladder, and liver), as well as other disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and developmental damage. According to epidemiological studies, As contributes to male infertility, sexual dysfunction, poor sperm quality, and developmental consequences such as low birth weight, spontaneous abortion, and small for gestational age (SGA). Arsenic exposure negatively affected male reproductive systems by lowering testicular and accessory organ weights, and sperm counts, increasing sperm abnormalities and causing apoptotic cell death in Leydig and Sertoli cells, which resulted in decreased testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, during male reproductive toxicity, several molecular signalling pathways, such as apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy are involved. Phytonutrient intervention in arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity in various species has received a lot of attention over the years. The current review provides an in-depth summary of the available literature on arsenic-induced male toxicity, as well as therapeutic approaches and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Rachamalla
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Joshi Chinthada
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Transit Campus, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sravan Kumar Putnala
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Chittaranjan Sahu
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S Nagar 160062, India
| | - Som Niyogi
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
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Singh A, Sarkar D, Singh SK. Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seed extract on the reproductive system of male mice and possible mechanism of its action on spermatogenesis. Andrologia 2022; 54:1643-1659. [PMID: 35415897 DOI: 10.1111/and.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek seed exhibits antidiabetic, antineoplastic, hepatoprotective, antidepressant and immunomodulatory properties. Fenugreek also causes antifertility effects in rodents. However, the impact of fenugreek seed on male reproduction and the possible mode of its action are not properly evaluated. Herein, we examined the effect of aqueous seed extract of fenugreek (FSE) and the possible mechanism of its action on male reproductive health in mice. Parkes mice were orally administered FSE (600 mg/kg body weight/day) or distilled water for 28 and 56 days, respectively. Various sperm parameters, histopathology, serum testosterone level and fertility indices were assessed. Furthermore, steroidogenic enzymes activities, oxidative status and germ cell dynamics in the testis were evaluated. Toxicological endpoints were also assessed. Treatment with FSE caused degenerative changes in the testis histoarchitecture. The treatment also affected various sperm parameters and concentrations of sialic acid and fructose in the epididymis and seminal vesicle, respectively. Fenugreek treatment also had negative impact on oxidative status and germ cell dynamics in the testis; fertility indices were also affected in female mice impregnated by the extract-treated male mice, though libido of the treated male mice remained unaffected. Results show that treatment with FSE caused adverse effects on the male reproductive health and pregnancy outcome in Parkes mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Debarshi Sarkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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8
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Machado-Neves M. Effect of heavy metals on epididymal morphology and function: An integrative review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:133020. [PMID: 34848222 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Male fertility has deteriorated over the last decades, and environmental risk factors are among the possible causes of this phenomenon. Pollutants such as heavy metals might accumulate in male reproductive organs to levels that are associated with reproductive disorders. Several studies reported detrimental effects of inorganic arsenic (iAs+3/iAs+5), cadmium (Cd+2), lead (Pb+2), and mercury (Hg+2/CH3Hg+2) on the epididymis, which plays a crucial role in sperm maturation. However, the magnitude of their effects and the consequences on the physiology of the epididymis are still unclear. Therefore, an integrative review with meta-analyses was conducted examining 138 studies to determine how exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury affects epididymal morphology and functions, using primarily murine data from experimental studies as a source. This study showed that exposure to metal(loids) reduced epididymal weight, sperm motility, and sperm number. Inorganic arsenic, cadmium, and lead damaged sperm structures within the epididymal duct. While sodium arsenite, sodium arsenate, and lead acetate generate oxidative stress by an imbalance between ROS production and scavenging, cadmium chloride causes an increase in the pH level of the luminal fluid (from 6.5 to 7.37) that diminishes sperm viability. Inorganic arsenic induced a delay in the sperm transit time by modulating noradrenaline and dopamine secretion. Subacute exposure to heavy metals at concentrations < 0.1 mg L-1 initiates a dyshomeostasis of calcium, copper, iron, and zinc that disturbs sperm parameters and reduces epididymal weight. These alterations worsen with prolonged exposure time and higher doses. Most studies evaluated the effects of concentrations > 1.1 mg L-1 of heavy metals on the epididymis rather than doses with relevant importance for human health risk. This meta-analytical study faced limitations regarding a deeper analysis of epididymis physiology. Hence, several recommendations for future investigations are provided. This review creates a baseline for the comprehension of epididymal toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Machado-Neves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, DBG, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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9
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Khair A, Awal MA, Hoque MN, Talukder AK, Das ZC, Rao DR, Shamsuddin M. Spirulina ameliorates arsenic induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210035. [PMID: 34868368 PMCID: PMC8628875 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirulina (Spirulina platensis), has numerous health benefits including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities, works against heavy metal toxicity, and is often used as a food supplement in human, animals, birds and fishes. This study aimed to evaluate the protective ability of the dietary spirulina against the toxic effects of inorganic arsenic (iAs) on male reproductive parameters in rats. Seventy-two mature Long-Evans male rats, dividing into six groups (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) (12 rats/group) were included in this study. The T3, T4 and T5 group rats were treated with three consecutive doses (1.0 g, 1.5 g and 2.0 g/kg feed) of spirulina in feed along with 3.0 mg NaAsO2/kg body weight (BW) in drinking water (DW) daily for 90 days. Each rat of group T1 received NaAsO2 (3.0 mg/kg BW) in DW, and those of T2 group were fed with spirulina (2.0 g/kg feed) daily for 90 days. The rats of group T0 served as the control with normal feed and water. Total arsenic (tAs) contents, reproductive parameters (testicular weight, sperm motility and morphology), and histological changes in the testicles were evaluated in these rats. Arsenic dosing significantly (p=0.003, Kruskal-Wallis test) increased the tAs contents in the testicles, decreased testes weight, sperm morphology and motility compared to the controls. The effect of arsenic dosing was also evidenced by the histological changes like decreased germinal layers in the seminiferous tubules of the treated rats. Moreover, dietary spirulina (2.0 g/kg feed) supplementation significantly (p=0.011, Kruskal-Wallis test) lowered tAs contents in testicles and increases testes weights, sperm motility and morphology. Therefore, spirulina can be used as an effective dietary supplement to ameliorate the adverse effects of arsenic induced reproductive toxicities. However, further study is required to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of reduction of arsenic induced reproductive toxicity by spirulina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Khair
- Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Livestock Services, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Abdul Awal
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Anup Kumar Talukder
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Ziban Chandra Das
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics & Reproductive Health, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammed Shamsuddin
- Livestock Officer, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
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10
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Couto-Santos F, Viana AGDA, Souza ACF, Dutra AADA, Mendes TADO, Ferreira ATDS, Aguilar JEP, Oliveira LL, Machado-Neves M. Prepubertal arsenic exposure alters phosphoproteins profile, quality, and fertility of epididymal spermatozoa in sexually mature rats. Toxicology 2021; 460:152886. [PMID: 34352348 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic intoxication affects male reproductive parameters of prepubertal rats. Besides, morphological and functional alterations in their testis and epididymis may remain after withdrawal of arsenic insult, causing potential impairment in male fertility during adulthood. In this study, we aimed at analyzing the effect of prepubertal arsenic exposure on the fecundity of epididymal sperm from sexually mature Wistar rats, assessing fertility indexes, sperm parameters, and sperm phosphoproteins content. Male pups on postnatal day (PND) 21 received filtered water (controls, n = 10) and 10 mg L-1 arsenite (n = 10) daily for 30 days. From PND52 to PND81, rats from both groups received filtered water. During this period, the males mated with non-exposed females between PND72 and PND75. Our results showed that sexually mature rats presented low sperm production, epididymal sperm count, motility, and quality after prepubertal arsenic exposure. These findings possibly contributed to the low fertility potential and high preimplantation loss. Epididymal sperm proteome detected 268 proteins, which 170 were found in animals from both control and arsenic groups, 27 proteins were detected only in control animals and 71 proteins only in arsenic-exposed rats. In these animals, SPATA 18 and other five proteins were upregulated, whereas keratin type II cytoskeletal 1 was downregulated (q < 0.1). The results of KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated an enrichment of pathways related to dopaminergic response, adrenergic signaling, protein degradation, and oocyte meiosis in arsenic-exposed animals. Moreover, 26 proteins were identified by phosphoproteomic with different phosphorylation pattern in animals from both groups, but SPATA18 was phosphorylated only in arsenic-exposed animals. We concluded that prepubertal exposure to arsenic is deleterious to sperm quality and male fertility, altering the sperm phosphoproteins profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Couto-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Arabela Guedes de Azevedo Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cláudia Ferreira Souza
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465, Km 7, 23897-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Augusto de Assis Dutra
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Rua Cruzeiro 1, Jardim São Paulo, 39803-371, Teófilo Otoni, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímca e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Jonas Enrique Perales Aguilar
- Laboratório de Toxinologia/Plataforma de Proteômica, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Licursi Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Estrutural, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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11
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Counteracting effects of heavy metals and antioxidants on male fertility. Biometals 2021; 34:439-491. [PMID: 33761043 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is regarded as a global health problem affecting 8-12% of couples. Male factors are regarded as the main cause of infertility in 40% of infertile couples and contribute to this condition in combination with female factors in another 20% of cases. Abnormal sperm parameters such as oligospermia, asthenospermia, and teratozoospermia result in male factor infertility. Several studies have shown the deteriorative impact of heavy metals on sperm parameters and fertility in human subjects or animal models. Other studies have pointed to the role of antioxidants in counteracting the detrimental effects of heavy metals. In the currents study, we summarize the main outcomes of studies that assessed the counteracting impacts of heavy metal and antioxidants on male fertility. Based on the provided data from animal studies, it seems rational to administrate appropriate antioxidants in persons who suffer from abnormal sperm parameters and infertility due to exposure to toxic elements. Yet, further human studies are needed to approve the beneficial effects of these antioxidants.
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12
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Garcia MS, Cavalcante DNDC, Araújo Santiago MDS, de Medeiros PDC, do Nascimento CC, Fonseca GFC, Le Sueur-Maluf L, Perobelli JE. Reproductive toxicity in male juvenile rats: Antagonistic effects between isolated agrochemicals and in binary or ternary combinations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111766. [PMID: 33348257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The management of agrochemicals in Brazilian agriculture impacts global environmental sustainability and food security, since this country is one of the major agro-food exporters in the world. Acephate, carbendazim, and dithiocarbamates (DTCs) such as mancozeb, are among the most detected agrochemicals in Brazilian agro-food products, occurring in combination in several crops, especially in fruit cultures. The present study evaluated the impact of the exposure to isolated agrochemicals and all the combined possible mixtures (binary and ternary forms) on the reproductive parameters of male juvenile rats, known to be a vulnerable biological system and developmental window. Data were analyzed using Generalized Linear Models (GzLM), considering each agrochemical as an independent factor. The study revealed higher reproductive toxicity exerted by isolated agrochemicals when compared to the combined treatments, which exhibited mostly an antagonistic effect. Results suggest endocrine disruptive effects of each one separately on the weight of reproductive organs and testicular histomorphometry, besides changes in testicular SOD activity. The full factorial experimental design employed here allowed us to conclude that it is not possible to scale-up the effects of the isolated treatments to the mixtures, showing how difficult it is to know beforehand the response and cross-talk among the multiple physiological mechanisms disturbed by complex mixtures. Considering that food products are shared on a global scale and that some of these three agrochemicals have already been prohibited in EU countries, the consumption of some Brazilian products puts global human health at risk, that of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simões Garcia
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Instituto do Mar, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paloma Da Cunha de Medeiros
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Instituto do Mar, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Le Sueur-Maluf
- Departamento de Biociências, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Instituto do Mar, Federal University of Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Couto-Santos F, Souza ACF, Bastos DSS, Ervilha LOG, Dias FCR, Araújo LDS, Guimarães SEF, Oliveira LLD, Machado-Neves M. Prepubertal exposure to arsenic alters male reproductive parameters in pubertal and adult rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115304. [PMID: 33127376 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic induces reproductive disorders in pubertal males after prepubertal exposure. However, it is unclear the extent to which those effects remain in testis and epididymis of sexually mature rats after arsenic insult. This study evaluated the effects of prepubertal arsenic exposure in male organs of pubertal rats, and their reversibility in adult rats. Male pups of Wistar rats on postnatal day (PND) 21 were divided into two groups (n = 20/group): Control animals received filtered water and exposed rats received 10 mg L--1 arsenic from PND 21 to PND 51. At PND 52, testis and epididymis of ten animals per group were examined for toxic effects under morphological, functional, and molecular approaches. The other animals were kept alive under free arsenic conditions until PND 82, and further analyzed for the same parameters. Pubertal rats overexpressed mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD2, CAT, GSTK1, and MT1 in their testis and SOD1, CAT, and GSTK1 in their epididymis. In those organs, catalase activity was altered, generating byproducts of oxidative stress. The antioxidant gene expression was unchanged in adult rats in contrast to the altered activity of antioxidant enzymes. Histological alterations of testis and epididymis tissues were observed in pubertal and adult rats. Interestingly, only adult rats exhibited a remarkable decrease in serum testosterone levels. Prepubertal exposure to arsenic caused morphological and functional alterations in male reproductive organs of pubertal rats. In adult rats, these damages disappeared, remained, get worsened, or recovered depending on the parameter analyzed, indicating potential male fertility disorders during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Couto-Santos
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Ferreira Souza
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Animal Biology, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mariana Machado-Neves
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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14
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Han Y, Liang C, Yu Y, Manthari RK, Cheng C, Tan Y, Li X, Tian X, Fu W, Yang J, Yang W, Xing Y, Wang J, Zhang J. Chronic arsenic exposure lowered sperm motility via impairing ultra-microstructure and key proteins expressions of sperm acrosome and flagellum formation during spermiogenesis in male mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139233. [PMID: 32460071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) poisoning and its potential reproductive functional lesions are a global environmental concern. Recent studies shown that spermiogenesis tends to be a major target process in arsenic-induced male infertility, however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully illuminated. In the present study, 32 fertility related indices including sperm motility, dynamic acrosome formation and sperm flagellum during spermiogenesis in testes were evaluated in adult male mice treated with 0, 0.2, 2, and 20 ppm As2O3 via drinking water for 180 consecutive days. The results showed that out of 32 indices, 11, 25, and 29 indicators were changed statistically by 0.2-, 2-, and 20- ppm As2O3 treatment compared to the controls (0 ppm As2O3), respectively, which reveals a significant dose-dependent relationship. For details, sperm motilities were significantly decreased by 18.85%, 32.47% and 29.53% in three As2O3 treatment groups compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the ultra-structures of acrosome formation and sperm flagellum in testes have been altered by chronic arsenic exposure. Furthermore, arsenic decreased the mRNA expressions of 11 out of 13 genes associated with acrosome biosynthesis and 11 out of 12 genes related to flagellum formation in testes, particularly, down-regulated DPY19L2, AKAP3, AKAP4, CFAP44 and SPAG16 were further confirmed at the protein levels by western blotting. Taken together, chronic arsenic exposure declines male fertility by disorganizing dynamic acrosome and flagellum formation in testes. Especially, DPY19L2, AKAP3, AKAP4, CFAP44, and SPAG16 maybe the potential targets in this process. These results may offer not only a new insight to the mechanism of arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity, but also provide a clue for the diagnosis and therapy of arseniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Chenkai Cheng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Yanjia Tan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Weixiang Fu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Yin Xing
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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15
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Anwar N, Qureshi IZ, Spears N, Lopes F. In vitro administration of sodium arsenite in mouse prepubertal testis induces germ cell loss and apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104924. [PMID: 32599264 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
High levels of arsenic contamination in drinking water pose serious health risks in numerous countries. The documentation reporting arsenic toxicity on reproduction and development is increasing, with evidence of arsenic inducing fertility and developmental issues. Nonetheless, the impact of arsenic exposure on the development of the male reproductive system is not fully elucidated. In the present study, we have investigated the direct effects of arsenic on prepubertal mouse testis using an in vitro testicular organ culture system. Culture medium was supplemented with a range of concentrations of sodium arsenite, examining effects of low (0.5 and 1 μM) and high (10, 50, 100 μM) concentrations, in cultures of post-natal day 5 CD1 mouse testis. In vitro exposure of low arsenic concentrations (0.5 or 1 μM) for 6 days did not cause any change in the testicular morphology, germ cells density, or apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3 (CC3) expression. In contrast, exposure of prepubertal testis to high arsenic concentrations (10, 50 or 100 μM) induced drastic changes: severe destruction of testicular morphology, with loss of seminiferous tubule integrity; a dose-dependent decrease in germ cell density, and a hundred-fold increase in CC3 expression after 50 μM arsenic exposure. In conclusion, high arsenic treatment induced a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and germ cell loss in prepubertal mouse testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Anwar
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Department of Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, PO Box 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Zia Qureshi
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Department of Animal Sciences, Laboratory of Animal and Human Physiology, PO Box 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Norah Spears
- University of Edinburgh, School of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Lopes
- University of Edinburgh, School of Biomedical Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom..
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16
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Selvaraju V, Baskaran S, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Environmental contaminants and male infertility: Effects and mechanisms. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13646. [PMID: 32447772 DOI: 10.1111/and.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of male infertility and decreasing trend in sperm quality have been correlated with rapid industrialisation and the associated discharge of an excess of synthetic substances into the environment. Humans are inevitably exposed to these ubiquitously distributed environmental contaminants, which possess the ability to intervene with the growth and function of male reproductive organs. Several epidemiological reports have correlated the blood and seminal levels of environmental contaminants with poor sperm quality. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of various environmental contaminants on spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, Sertoli cells, blood-testis barrier, epididymis and sperm functions. The reported reprotoxic effects include alterations in the spermatogenic cycle, increased germ cell apoptosis, inhibition of steroidogenesis, decreased Leydig cell viability, impairment of Sertoli cell structure and function, altered expression of steroid receptors, increased permeability of blood-testis barrier, induction of peroxidative and epigenetic alterations in spermatozoa resulting in poor sperm quality and function. In light of recent scientific reports, this review discusses the effects of environmental contaminants on the male reproductive function and the possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaithinathan Selvaraju
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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17
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Samelo RR, da Cunha de Medeiros P, de Carvalho Cavalcante DN, Aranha MLG, Duarte FA, de Castro ÍB, Ribeiro DA, Perobelli JE. Low concentrations of sodium arsenite induce hepatotoxicity in prepubertal male rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:553-560. [PMID: 31846182 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) can contaminate air, soil, water, and organisms through mobilization of natural mineralogical deposits or anthropogenic actions. Inorganic-As compounds are more toxic and widely available in aquatic environments, including drinking water reservoir catchments. Since little is known about its effects on prepubertal mammals, the present study focused on it. Hence, As was administered through drinking water to male Wistar rats from postnatal day 23 to 53. Negative control group received vehicle only (filtered water); As 1 group received AsNaO2 at 0.01 mg L-1 and As2 group received AsNaO2 at 10 mg L-1 . It was investigated hepatic and renal toxicity of AsNaO2 (ie, histopathology and apoptosis analysis), as well as its mutagenicity (ie, micronucleus test in liver and bone marrow), cytotoxicity (ie, frequency and type of erythrocytes in blood), and genotoxicity (ie, comet assay in blood). Also, As determination was performed in hepatic and renal tissues. Data obtained revealed that immature organisms present a pattern of arsenic accumulation similar to that observed in adults, suggesting similarity in metabolic processes. In addition, liver showed to be an important target tissue for As toxicity in these experimental conditions, exhibiting infiltrate of defense cells, DNA damages, and increased apoptosis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo R Samelo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma da Cunha de Medeiros
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deborah N de Carvalho Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L G Aranha
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio A Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ítalo B de Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Perobelli
- Laboratório de Toxicologia Experimental LATOEX, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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19
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Han Y, Liang C, Manthari RK, Yu Y, Gao Y, Liu Y, Jiang S, Tikka C, Wang J, Zhang J. Arsenic influences spermatogenesis by disorganizing the elongation of spermatids in adult male mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124650. [PMID: 31472347 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) has become a major problem in maintaining the environment and human health due to its wide application in the production of agriculture and industry. Many studies indicate that As can affect spermatogenesis process and lower sperm quality. However, the undergoing molecular mechanism is unclear. For this, forty-eight 8-week old adult male mice were divided into four groups of twelve each, which were administrated to 0, 0.2, 2, 20 ppm As2O3 in their drinking water respectively for six months. The results showed that As treatment reduced sperm counts and increased the sperm malformation ratio of mice. Interestingly, both the amounts of round and elongated spermatids, and the ratios of spermatids elongation were decreased significantly by As exposure. Furthermore, the structure of Chromatoid Body (CB) which presents a typical nebulous shape in round spermatids after spermatogenesis arrested, and the mRNA expression levels of gene TDRD1, TDRD6 and TDRD7 related to CB were changed by arsenic. Again, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the markers DDX25 and CRM1 in haploid periods of spermatogenesis and the associated proteins HMG2, PGK2, and H4 with DDX25 regulation were declined significantly with As treatment. Taken together; it reveals that As interferes with spermatogenesis by disorganizing the elongation of spermatids. H4, HMG2 and PGK2 are regulated by DDX25 which interacts with CRM1 and may play a vital role in spermatogenesis disorder induced by As exposure, which maybe provides one of the underlying mechanisms for As-induced male reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yuxiang Yu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Chiranjeevi Tikka
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
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20
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Xie Y, Jiang H, Chang J, Wang Y, Li J, Wang H. Gonadal disruption after single dose exposure of prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio in male lizards (Eremias argus). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113297. [PMID: 31610514 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prothioconazole (PTC) is a widely used triazole fungicide with low toxicity, and its desulfurization metabolite, prothioconazole-desthio (PTC-d), is reported to have higher reproductive toxicity to mammals. However, little is known about the reproductive toxicity, much less endocrine disrupting effect, of these two chemicals on reptiles. In this study, we investigated the effects of single dose of PTC/PTC-d (100 mg kg-1 body weight) exposure on the pathomorphism of testes and epididymides, serum sex steroid hormones (testosterone and 17β-estradiol) and transcription of steroidogenic-related genes (STARD, cyp11A, cyp17, cyp19A, 17β-HSD, 3β-HSD, AR and ER-α) in gonads of male lizards (Eremias argus). Although structural disorder existed in PTC-d exposure group, severe gonadal disruption, especially suppression of spermatogenesis was only observed in testis after PTC treatment, which consequently led to the lack of spermatozoa in epididymal ducts. Consistent with this result, T/E2 value in PTC exposure was elevated to a significant higher level compared with control and continually increased over time, while T/E2 value in the PTC-d exposure group slightly increased only at 12 h. These results demonstrated a more serious disruption of PTC on male lizard gonads than PTC-d. In addition, the expression of cyp17 gene was inhibited at 6 h, however, was induced at 12 h, and exhibited negative correlations with STARD, cyp11A and 3β-HSD after PTC exposure at each timepoint. In PTC-d group, the expression of STARD and 3β-HSD were significantly down-regulated, in contrast, cyp11A and cyp17 were up-regulated, and each gene showed consistent changes over time. For 17β-HSD, no significance was observed in both treated groups. This study was the first to compare the gonadal disruption of PTC and PTC-d in male lizards and elucidated that these two chemicals influenced the physiological function of male gonads through differential transcriptional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xie
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haotian Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19A, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yinghuan Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Adedara IA, Adebowale AA, Atanda OE, Fabunmi AT, Ayenitaju AC, Rocha JBT, Farombi EO. Selenium abates reproductive dysfunction via attenuation of biometal accumulation, oxido-inflammatory stress and caspase-3 activation in male rats exposed to arsenic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113079. [PMID: 31473390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Frequent exposure to arsenic is well documented to impair reproductive function in humans and animals. Biological significance of inorganic selenium and organoselenium, diphenyl diselenide (DPDS), has been attributed to their pharmacological activities. However, their roles in arsenic-mediated reproductive toxicity is lacking in literature. The present study evaluated the protective effects elicited by selenium and DPDS in arsenic-induced reproductive deficits in rats. Animals were either exposed to arsenic alone in drinking water at 60 μg AsO2Na L-1 or co-treated with selenium at 0.25 mg kg-1 or DPDS at 2.5 mg kg-1 body weight for 45 consecutive days. Results indicated that arsenic-mediated deficits in spermatogenic indices and marker enzymes of testicular function were significantly abrogated in rats co-treated with selenium or DPDS. Additionally, selenium or DPDS co-treatment prevented arsenic-mediated elevation in oxidative stress indices and significantly suppressed arsenic-mediated inflammation evidenced by diminished myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels in hypothalamus, testes and epididymis of the rats. Moreover, selenium or DPDS abrogated arsenic mediated activation of caspase-3 activity and histological lesions in the treated rats. Taken together, selenium or DPDS improved reproductive function in arsenic-exposed rats via suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress and caspase-3 activation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adetutu A Adebowale
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwadarasimi E Atanda
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adekola T Fabunmi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Afolashade C Ayenitaju
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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