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Wang C, Stovitz SD, Kaufman JS, Steele RJ, Shrier I. Principles of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists: a review. Inj Epidemiol 2024; 11:21. [PMID: 38802864 PMCID: PMC11131288 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-024-00507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal injuries are a common occurrence in sport. The goal of sport injury epidemiology is to study these injuries at a population level to inform their prevention and treatment. MAIN BODY This review provides an overview of musculoskeletal sport injuries and the musculoskeletal system from a biological and epidemiologic perspective, including injury mechanism, categorizations and types of sport injuries, healing, and subsequent injuries. It is meant to provide a concise introductory substantive background of musculoskeletal sport injuries for epidemiologists who may not have formal training in the underlying anatomy and pathophysiology. CONCLUSION An understanding of sport injuries is important for researchers in sport injury epidemiology when determining how to best define and assess their research questions and measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinchin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Steven D Stovitz
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jay S Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Russell J Steele
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Ren L, Wang Y, Li K. Real-time sports injury monitoring system based on the deep learning algorithm. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:122. [PMID: 38789963 PMCID: PMC11127435 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the low real-time performance and accuracy of traditional sports injury monitoring, this article conducts research on a real-time injury monitoring system using the SVM model as an example. Video detection is performed to capture human movements, followed by human joint detection. Polynomial fitting analysis is used to extract joint motion patterns, and the average of training data is calculated as a reference point. The raw data is then normalized to adjust position and direction, and dimensionality reduction is achieved through singular value decomposition to enhance processing efficiency and model training speed. A support vector machine classifier is used to classify and identify the processed data. The experimental section monitors sports injuries and investigates the accuracy of the system's monitoring. Compared to mainstream models such as Random Forest and Naive Bayes, the SVM utilized demonstrates good performance in accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, reaching 94.2%, 92.5%, and 96.0% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ren
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, 100089, China.
| | - Kaiyong Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Qinghai Nationalities University, Xining, Qinghai, 810007, China
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3
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Harøy J, Bache-Mathiesen LK, Andersen TE. Lower HAGOS subscale scores associated with a longer duration of groin problems in football players in the subsequent season. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001812. [PMID: 38685919 PMCID: PMC11057268 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Groin injuries represent a considerable problem in football. Although the Adductor Strengthening Programme reduced groin injury risk, players can still experience groin symptoms throughout the season. This study aimed to determine whether preseason Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) and a history of previous injury can identify individuals at risk of having a longer duration of groin problems the subsequent season, using an 'any physical complaint' definition of injury. Methods Preseason HAGOS score and weekly groin problems were registered with the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse questionnaire during one full season in 632 male semiprofessional adult players. Results The prognostic model showed a decreased number of weeks with groin problems for each increase in HAGOS score for 'groin-related quality of life' (QOL) (IRR=0.99, p=0.003). A 10-point higher 'QOL' score predicted 10% fewer weeks of groin problems. Additionally, previous hip/groin injury was associated with a 74% increase in the number of weeks with symptoms (p<0.001). Conclusion The HAGOS questionnaire applied preseason can detect players at risk of getting more weeks with groin problems the following season. The 'QOL' subscale seems to be the superior subscale for estimating subsequent groin problem duration. While HAGOS appears promising in identifying players at risk, previous groin injury is the most robust indicator, showing a substantial 74% increase in weeks with symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joar Harøy
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Football Association's Sports Medicine Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lena Kristin Bache-Mathiesen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Football Association's Sports Medicine Center, Oslo, Norway
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Reussner AK, Bursik J, Kühnle F, Thiel A, John JM. The meaning of injury to the elite athlete: A systematic review. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 71:102571. [PMID: 38042514 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of a successful career in elite sports, athletes mostly rely on their physical abilities. An injury can threaten such a career, thereby representing a potentially critical life event that carries considerable meaning to the affected athlete. Qualitative literature exploring injury experiences in elite athletes is therefore seeking to frame injury through the athlete's own voice. With this systematic review, we aimed to answer the research question What is the meaning of injuries to the elite athlete? by reviewing existing qualitative research exploring the meaning of injury as told from the athlete's perspective. We constructed five overarching themes of meaning through thematic synthesis of 29 original studies: (1) unwelcome disruption - Injury as potential career threat; (2) destruction - My life (as an athlete) is over; (3) reinforcement - Relighting the fire; (4) going through the motions - Injury as an inherent part of elite sport; and (5) time-out - Respite and perspective. These meanings were neither exclusive nor static but constructed according to the situation at the moment of injury and could later be adapted depending on social context and specific circumstances. To better support injured athletes, practitioners need to be aware of the importance of the subjective meaning that athletes construct for individual injuries. Understanding these meanings enables practitioners to aid athletes in changing previously negative meanings into more positive ones. Our findings therefore call for improvements in the individualized support of elite athletes that leaves space for open communication about the meanings that athletes attach to their injury experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Reussner
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 124, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jan Bursik
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 124, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Felix Kühnle
- Institute of Sport Science, Technical University Darmstadt, Magdalenenstraße 27, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 124, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jannika M John
- Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstraße 124, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
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Luijten SCM, Nauta J, Janssen TWJ, Holla JFM, Jenniskens SCN, van Reuler AVR, Verhagen E. Occurrence of injuries and illnesses in athletes with a physical impairment; a forty-week prospective cohort study. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:160-165. [PMID: 38123411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, the knowledge about the epidemiology of sport-related health problems of athletes with a physical impairment is limited. Therefore, this study aims to describe the prevalence, incidence and severity of sport-related health problems of athletes with a physical impairment in the Netherlands over a one sport season. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Athletes (n = 99) with a physical impairment participated in this study. After completing a baseline questionnaire, athletes started a 40-week health monitoring period, during which they completed the Dutch translation of the OSTRC Questionnaire on Health Problems every week. Based on the reported information, injury and illness prevalence, incidence, weekly cumulative severity score, weekly time loss from sport and the total burden were calculated. RESULTS A total of 368 health problems were reported by 95 athletes. These health problems consisted of 258 injuries and 110 illnesses. The average weekly prevalence of health problems was 48.0 %; for injuries 34.6 %, and illnesses 13.4 %. Differences were found when considering injury severity, with the highest severity scores for athletes with a limb deficiency. Furthermore, recreational athletes reported the highest injury severity scores, followed by athletes who competed nationally and athletes who competed internationally. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study show a high average weekly prevalence of health problems, and differences amongst various impairment categories and sport levels when considering the severity of injuries. These results add to the knowledge regarding sport-related health problem epidemiology in this population, indicating that impairment category and sport level should be taken into account when developing injury prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske C M Luijten
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Joske Nauta
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W J Janssen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre|Reade, the Netherlands; Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, the Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn F M Holla
- Center of Expertise Prevention in Care and Welfare, Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre|Reade, the Netherlands; Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, the Netherlands
| | - Simone C N Jenniskens
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bonell Monsonís O, Verhagen E, Spörri J, Gouttebarge V, Bolling C. 'Every turn can be the last one I do' - Perceptions of injury risk in high-performance snow sports and its implication for injury prevention. Inj Prev 2024:ip-2023-045084. [PMID: 38195657 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-045084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-performance snow sports (HPSS) athletes compete in a performance-driven context with a high risk of injury. While there is a lack of evidence on effective prevention measures in snow sports, this study explored the perspectives and perceptions of HPSS stakeholders on sports injury prevention. METHODS We conducted an exploratory qualitative study based on the grounded theory principles through 11 semistructured interviews with athletes, coaches and healthcare providers from different national teams about sports injury prevention. The interviews were inductively analysed through constant comparative data analysis. RESULTS Participants defined risk management as a central concept in which they approached injury prevention by assessing, managing and sometimes accepting risks. Many factors, such as athlete-related and external factors, are considered in this process, ultimately influencing their decision-making. Participants acknowledged the value of experience when managing and dealing with risks, a key aspect of their learning process and career development. Within this context, open and trustworthy communication and shared responsibilities among all stakeholders influenced and shaped injury prevention strategies and behaviours. Understanding and balancing out speed and risks was considered pivotal in their daily practice. Therefore, injury prevention awareness, ownership, communication, teamwork and shared responsibilities may contribute to the success of sports injury prevention in HPSS. CONCLUSION These findings substantiate the significance of such contextual factors in sports injury prevention. Considering the high-risk nature of HPSS, injury prevention suggests a shift towards risk management strategies, with a strong emphasis on contextual factors and their interactions. Young athletes might benefit from educational interventions centred on developing skills to assess and manage risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Bonell Monsonís
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health & Sports, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health & Sports, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jörg Spörri
- Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Musculoskeletal Health & Sports, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Vella S, Bolling C, Verhagen E, Moore IS. 'After they see what you have, they contact you': a qualitative study of national team football players', coaches' and clinicians' experiences in engaging with a context-specific injury surveillance system. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2023:1-12. [PMID: 38054439 DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2023.2290077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports injury surveillance systems aid injury prevention, but their development without considering end-users' perspectives has led to low adherence and honesty in self-reporting by players, compromising their effectiveness. Context-specific injury surveillance systems have been proposed to address these challenges, but there is a limited understanding of stakeholders' perceptions and experiences in using them. OBJECTIVE Following the implementation of a context-specific injury surveillance system with 100% player adherence over 60 weeks, the study aimed to investigate Under-21 Maltese national football team players', coaches' and clinicians' experiences of how and why they engaged with the system. METHOD Seventeen semi-structured interviews with Under-21 Maltese male national football team players (n = 12), their coaches (n = 3) and clinicians (n = 2) were conducted. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants highlighted questionnaire-related factors that motivated engagement with the context-specific injury surveillance system (theme 1) and factors influencing further engagement with the system based on stakeholders' actions (theme 2). Perceived outcomes experienced as a result of engaging with the injury surveillance system (theme 3), in turn, motivated players to continue reporting and engaging with the system. CONCLUSION To encourage players' sustained reporting, injury-related information collected from well-designed questionnaires should serve to stimulate communication and teamwork among stakeholders, to prevent injuries and enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Vella
- Malta Football Association, Millenium Stand, National Stadium, Ta' Qali, Malta
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Malta Football Association, Millenium Stand, National Stadium, Ta' Qali, Malta
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Van, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Sarah Moore
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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Li P, Zhou J. Application of plastic conjugated materials in the repair of sports injury. Front Chem 2023; 11:1273726. [PMID: 37850029 PMCID: PMC10577168 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1273726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
For professional athletes or fitness crowd who often participate in sports, sports injury are more common. However, the traditional repair materials for sports injury have many problems, such as long recovery period and poor repair effect. In recent years, many studies have found that conjugated materials have good stability, small side effects and other excellent characteristics, and conjugated materials are used in sports injury repair materials. In order to study the repair effect of conjugated materials on sports injury tissues, this paper prepared nitrogen porphyrin conjugated organic skeleton materials with pyrrole and p-benzaldehyde as substrates, used chemical synthesis and selective laser sintering technology to form plastic conjugated scaffold materials with polyvinyl alcohol, polylactide and conjugated materials, and established mechanical properties and constitutive formula to evaluate the performance characteristics of repair materials. In order to test the effect of plastic conjugated materials on sports injury, experiments were carried out from the aspects of degradability, mechanical properties of repair materials, repair effect of radius defect and new bone formation area. Experimental data: The proportion of newly formed bone area at weeks 3, 6, and 9 using this method was 32%, 52%, and 68%, while the proportion of newly formed bone area at weeks 3, 6, and 9 using traditional methods was 12%, 18%, and 23%, indicating that this method had better bone repair effects than traditional methods. The research in this paper provided a new idea for the application of plastic conjugated materials in the field of sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Graduate School of Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jihe Zhou
- Graduate School of Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, China
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Li W, Hadizadeh M, Yusof A, Naharudin MN. Distribution and Prevalence of Elbow Pain (EP) in Elite Swimmers in Tianjin, China-A Regional Epidemiological Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2612. [PMID: 37830649 PMCID: PMC10572555 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Elbow pain (EP) in overhead sports is a common phenomenon. Swimming is classified as an overhead sport, but a lack of attention regarding EP in swimming has created a gap in the knowledge around elite freestyle swimming in Tianjin, China. The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution and prevalence of EP among elite freestyle swimmers in Tianjin, China. The methodology involved a total of 311 qualified participants who volunteered to undertake all measurements. The main findings showed that 183 of the elite freestyle swimmers in this study had EP (accounting for 58.84% of the total 311 participants), with 147 in slight pain and 36 in critical pain. The characteristics of a heavier body weight, taller height, longer left/right forearm length, and longer weekly average training hours serve as contributing factors to the occurrence of EP issues. Gender, age, weekly average training hours, and left/right forearm length are the primary factors correlating with and influencing the assessment scores. In conclusion, swimmers with longer weekly training hours, older ages, heavier bodyweight, and longer forearm lengths should receive greater attention in relation to EP. Regular assessments at a high frequency serve as a means to identify the risk of EP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Hadizadeh
- Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (W.L.); (A.Y.); (M.N.N.)
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Miranda Boson K, Couret AF, Bretas AC, Bolling C, Marques Andrade C. Don't stop me now: A qualitative study of how Brazilian dancers and staff perceive injury and its prevention. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 62:46-57. [PMID: 37327730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how Brazilian dancers and dance staff perceive and deal with injury and its prevention in professional and non-professional contexts. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING Semi-structured interviews conducted using an online platform. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen participants (8 women, 5 men) from four different dance styles (classical ballet, jazz, contemporary and urban): 6 dancers, 6 staff and 1 classified as both. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed based on Grounded Theory principles using comparative data analysis. RESULTS The main themes and findings were: 1) Injury definition: Injury was defined and classified based on pain, structural damage and consequent limitations and restrictions. 2) Dealing with injury: Dancers' fear of having to stop dancing justifies different behaviours facing injury. 3) Injury factors: Overload and many personal and environmental factors were perceived as related to injury. 4) Injury prevention: it is linked with physical preparation and additional measures and influenced by communication, trust, experience, time, access to preventive programs, dancers' personalities and environmental factors. Responsibility for injury prevention should be shared by all stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS To improve injury prevention, we need to acknowledge the dancers' drive to keep dancing, consider the multiple factors that influence their behaviours, and develop education and self-efficacy to help them make better decisions to reduce the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Miranda Boson
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Couret
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ana Clara Bretas
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081, BT, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Carolina Marques Andrade
- Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Alameda Ezequiel Dias 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Partner R, Tee J, Darrall-Jones J, Jones B. Development of a rugby shoulder function (RSF) questionnaire: An online Delphi study. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 61:185-191. [PMID: 37116373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop a questionnaire to monitor symptoms of player perceived shoulder function/dysfunction. DESIGN 3-Stage Online Delphi Study. METHODS Participants: surgeons, sports and exercise medics, academic researchers, strength and conditioning coaches, therapists and athletes split by level of expertise/experience. Stage-1: experts (n = 12) rated constructs/items from the steering group and made changes/proposed additional constructs/items. Stage-2: experts rated/amended new constructs/items from stage-1. Stage-3: experienced professionals (n = 25) rated/ranked constructs/items from stage 2. Consensus thresholds were defined per stage (≥50% agreement/4-5 rating on 1-5 Likert scale (stages 1-2), ≥68% agreement, and items ranked for perceived importance (stage-3)). RESULTS Stage-1, all four constructs (a. Activities of daily living, b. Range of motion, c. Strength and conditioning, d. Sports specific training and competition) and 26/42 original items achieved consensus. Twelve items were combined into five items. Four new items were also proposed. Stage-2, the combined items and three of the four new items achieved consensus. Stage-3 the four constructs and 22 items all achieved consensus. CONCLUSIONS Following a 3-stage online Delphi process, involving expert and experienced clinicians, practitioners and athletes, a new four construct, 22 item RSF questionnaire has been developed which can be used with rugby players, to monitor perceived shoulder performance and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Partner
- Musculoskeletal Health Research Group, School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Jason Tee
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Josh Darrall-Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, United Kingdom; School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia; Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Beddows TPA, Weir A, Agricola R, Tak IJR, Piscaer TM, Verhaar JAN, Klij PV. Hip and groin pain in male field hockey players: Prevalence, incidence and associations with patient reported outcome scores and hip muscle strength. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 61:66-72. [PMID: 36933477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate point prevalence (second half season 2018-2019) and incidence (season 2017-2018 and first half season 2018-2019) of non-time-loss and time-loss hip/groin pain in male field hockey players. Secondary aims were to study associations between: current/previous hip/groin pain and hip muscle strength, patient reported outcome measures (PROM) and hip muscle strength, and previous hip/groin pain and PROMs. Additionally we studied normal values for the PROMs (Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS)). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Testing at field hockey clubs. PARTICIPANTS 100 male field hockey players (elite, sub-elite and amateur). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Point prevalence and incidence of hip/groin pain, strength: eccentric adduction and abduction, adductor squeeze, HAGOS. RESULTS Hip/groin pain point prevalence was 17% (time-loss: 6%) and incidence was 36% (time-loss: 12%). Presence of current or previous hip/groin and lower HAGOS-values were not associated with lower hip muscle strength. Previous hip/groin pain was associated with a significant lower HAGOS-values in all domains, except for the 'participation in physical activities' domain. CONCLUSIONS Hip/groin pain is common in field hockey. One fifth of players have hip/groin pain and one third had pain in the previous season. Previous hip/groin pain was associated with worse ongoing patient reported outcomes in most domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P A Beddows
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A Weir
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - R Agricola
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Afdeling Orthopedische Chirurgie, Sport & Orthopedie Eindhoven, St. Anna Ziekenhuis, the Netherlands
| | - I J R Tak
- Fysiotherapie Utrecht Oost, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports (ACHSS) / IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T M Piscaer
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J A N Verhaar
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P van Klij
- Afdeling Orthopedie & Sportgeneeskunde, Erasmus Medisch Centrum, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Afdeling Sportgeneeskunde, Isala Ziekenhuis, Zwolle, the Netherlands
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13
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Purcell C, Duignan C, Fullen BM, Ryan S, Ward T, Caulfield B. Comprehensive assessment and classification of upper and lower limb pain in athletes: a scoping review. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:535-542. [PMID: 36759138 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper and lower limb (peripheral) pain is prevalent in athletes. Contemporary research prioritises multidimensional pain assessment and classification. This study aims to review comprehensive athlete pain assessment practices against the reference standard (International Olympic Committee, IOC Athlete Pain framework), identifying trends and highlighting gaps. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Six databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute standardised methodology for scoping reviews and is reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Title and abstract, full-text screening and data charting were completed by two independent reviewers. INCLUSION CRITERIA Original research, systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines reporting assessment or classification of pain in athletes of any age with chronic or acute peripheral pain in English on human participants from database inception. RESULTS 470 studies with 175 different pain assessment tools were mapped against the IOC Athlete Pain Framework. Papers included tools from neurophysiological (470/100%), biomechanical (425/90%), affective (103/22%), cognitive (59/13%) and socioenvironmental (182/39%) domains. Pain classification was included in 108 studies (23%). 4 studies (0.85%) defined pain. Athletes with physical disability were included in 13 (3%) studies and no studies included athletes with intellectual disabilities. Socioeconomic factors were addressed in 29 (6%) studies. DISCUSSION Neurophysiological and biomechanical domains are frequently addressed. Affective, socioenvironmental and cognitive tools are under-represented. Potential tools for use by researchers and clinicians are highlighted. Defining and classifying pain and determining predominant pain mechanisms is needed in both research and clinical practice. More work on underrepresented populations is needed. CONCLUSION This review informs researchers and clinicians working with athletes in pain how pain assessment and classification is currently conducted and highlights future priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán Purcell
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara Duignan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brona M Fullen
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shiofra Ryan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tomas Ward
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, School of Computing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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14
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Gajardo-Burgos R, Valdebenito-Tejos C, Gálvez-García G, Bascour-Sandoval C. Pain and Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport in Elite Volleyball Players: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2492. [PMID: 36767858 PMCID: PMC9915367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pain is modulated by multiple factors. A relevant psychological process peculiar to athletes and which could be associated with pain is Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (PRRS). The analysis of this association in competition context is particularly important. OBJECTIVE To determine the correlation between the PRRS and pain intensity in elite volleyball players during their participation in a continental sporting event. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data from 107 male volleyball players (23.50 ± 4.08 years of age) participating in the South American Volleyball Championship were used. The athletes answered a self-report questionnaire on the day the championship began regarding their history of injuries in the previous six months. The athletes who declared injuries were asked about the current pain intensity using the Pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport using the Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport scale (I-PRRS). RESULTS 43.93% (n = 47) of the athletes (23.70 ± 3.54 years) reported an injury in the six months prior to the championship. They presented a median on the NRS of three (interquartile range (IQR), 2-5), and 54 (IQR, 46-58) on the I-PRRS. The Spearman's Rho correlation test showed an inversely and moderate correlation (rs = -0.36; p = 0.011; CI: -0.64--0.08) between pain intensity and PRRS. CONCLUSIONS In male elite volleyball players who participate in a Continental Championship in South America, higher levels of PRRS was correlated to lower pain intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Gajardo-Burgos
- Instituto de Aparato Locomotor y Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Programa de Magister en Terapia Física, Mención Musculoesquelética, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Camila Valdebenito-Tejos
- Dirección de Desarrollo Estudiantil, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Germán Gálvez-García
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Campus Ciudad Jardín, Universidad de Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Claudio Bascour-Sandoval
- Programa de Magister en Terapia Física, Mención Musculoesquelética, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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15
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Chen L, Chen W. TRAINING OPTIMIZATION IN SOCCER PLAYERS WITH SPORTS INJURIES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Strengthening the optimization of soccer skills training and strengthening the prevention of sports injuries are important research topics for soccer development in the post-injury rehabilitation phase. Functional training control has been empirically shown to be effective in accelerating rehabilitation. Objective: Investigate the situation of sports injuries in soccer and the effect of optimizing skill training on people with sports injuries in functional training for rehabilitation. Methods: During a 6-week experiment, the experimental group was inserted into the functional training mode, while the control group performed traditional training. The functional training was performed thrice a week for one hour per session. After 6 weeks, physiological and functional data were compared, classified, and analyzed. Results: The total FMS score of the experimental group increased from 13.61 to 17.30, while that of the control group ranged from 14.04 to 15.54. Conclusion: Selecting multiple training methods focused on different sports skills, focusing on balance, strength, and coordination, can optimize the sports skills of soccer players who have sports injuries. The researched protocol was shown to improve the competitive level of athletes and reduce the risk of future sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Guangdong Medical University, China
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16
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Jiaxin L, Xinmin L. PREVENTION OF JOINT INJURIES IN OUTDOOR SPORTS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COVID-19. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction With the normalization of the prevention and control of the covid-19 epidemic, the proportion of outdoor sports in sports has gradually increased, but the risks have increased, resulting in joint injuries. Objective Explore the prevention of joint injuries in outdoor sports under the influence of covid-19. Methods 88 men and 64 women with ankle injuries, 45 men and 33 women with knee injuries, for a total of 133 men and 97 women volunteers were investigated by questionnaire, which included joint injuries, causes of injuries, and treatment methods after joint injuries, and the data were analyzed. Results Currently, most joint injuries in outdoor sports belong to minor injuries, which can recover after some minor readjustments and will not cause much impact on the sportsmen. However, there are also some serious injuries. Conclusion The athletes themselves must be fully prepared, including the use of protective gear and equipment, psychological adjustment, and learning knowledge about sports protection. Coaches and volunteers should give scientifically based and sensible guidance according to the actual situation of the sportsmen to reduce the incidence of joint injuries as much as possible. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiaxin
- Xi’an Physical Education University, China
| | - Liu Xinmin
- Xi’an Physical Education University, China
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17
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Bel L, Duc M, Bizzini M, Fournier PE, Allet L. Context of injury prevention strategies in Swiss basketball: survey of athletes, medical staff and coaches. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001386. [PMID: 36507468 PMCID: PMC9730382 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This project aims to assess opinions, attitudes, knowledge, beliefs, practices and perceived barriers and facilitators of injury prevention (IP) strategies in Swiss basketball teams. Methods An online survey was sent to athletes, coaches and medical staff of the three best basketball leagues in Switzerland. The survey was subdivided in four sections: (1) characteristic of participants, (2) knowledge, opinions, attitudes and beliefs, (3) practices and (4) barriers and facilitators. Results Among 105 persons (n=45 female, n=60 male) who answered the survey, more than 60% (n=68) considered the risk of injury for basketball athletes as being high to very high. The ankle, knee and the hand were considered as being the most at risk. More than 80% of participants considered that recovery, training load and the warm-up quality were very important factors for IP. More than 90% of participants considered IP as either important or very important with 53 (50.5%) of the participants indicating using exercise-based IP in their clubs. Athletes and coaches' motivation and compliance were judged as either important or very important for successful IP implementation by more than 80% of participants, with the coach being reported as the most influential person. Environmental barriers towards human or infrastructural resources were also reported as factors influencing IP strategies, namely by female participants. Conclusion Good knowledge and positive attitude towards IP were reported by participants, but exercise-based IP strategies lack implementation. The coach was considered as the most influential person and was reported with the athletes as playing an important role towards successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Bel
- Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaël Duc
- Sports Medicine Department, Clinique romande de réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Mario Bizzini
- Schulthess Clinic Human Performance Lab, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lara Allet
- Department of Health Sciences, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Sion, Switzerland,Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,The Sense, Innovation & Research Center, Sion, Switzerland
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18
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Walshe A, Daly E, Ryan L. Epidemiology of sport-related concussion rates in female contact/collision sport: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001346. [PMID: 36157128 PMCID: PMC9490625 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine sport-related concussion (SRC) incidence rates in female contact/collision sport. Design Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Data sources Four databases (PubMed, SportsDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL) were searched for data from 2012 to 2021. Eligibility criteria Studies reporting SRC incidence rates or the number of concussions and athletic exposures (AEs) per 1000 participating events or hours in healthy female contact and collision sport athletes of any age were included. Results The search yielded 8438 non-duplicate articles. Following screening, 19 were included in the analysis (median quality score=70%), with 8 reporting match or training incidence rates. Studies were primarily from US high school and collegiate populations; data are reported for eight sports. Rugby union reported the highest match SRC rates (8.2-16.11 per 1000 AE hours), followed by Gaelic football (5.21 per 1000 AE hours) and soccer (2.08-4.04 per 1000 AE events). Where available, match SRC rates were substantially higher than training and overall SRC rates. Conclusion Female sports such as rugby union, Gaelic football and soccer present the highest risk for SRCs within the available data. Previous research indicates a potentially greater injury burden for female athletes experiencing SRCs than their male counterparts. Thus, future research should analyse concussion knowledge and return-to-play protocols in these sports. Future research should also prioritise exploration of the gap in SRC rates within amateur sports, and data should be presented specifically in the context of athletic exposures (match vs training). Trial registration number CRD42021281569.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayrton Walshe
- Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ed Daly
- Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa Ryan
- Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland
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19
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Su K, Wu L, Zhao G, Li Y. PREVENTING SPORTS INJURIES IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS TRAINING. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228032021_0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: It is common for athletes to have accidental injuries in training. Sports injuries damage the health of athletes, dampen their enthusiasm, and affect their normal life and training. Objective: To explore preventive measures against athletes’ sports injuries by understanding their sports injuries. Methods: We used the literature data method, a questionnaire, an interview, and mathematical statistics to determine the cause of sports injury accidents of athletes. Results: The locations of sports injuries were fingers, ankle and knee joints, lower back, thighs, etc. Common types of injuries were joint sprains, muscle strains, and soft tissue injuries. Conclusion: Scientific physical training can prevent sports injuries and effectively reduce injuries and accidents caused by sports. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunxia Su
- Zhongyuan Institute of Science and Technology, China; Gangneung-Wonju National University, Korea
| | | | | | - YuJiao Li
- Zhongyuan Institute of Science and Technology, China
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20
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Eindhoven E, Lee A, Stilwell P, Mior S. I expected to be pain free: a qualitative study exploring athletes' expectations and experiences of care received by sports chiropractors. Chiropr Man Therap 2022; 30:21. [PMID: 35501876 PMCID: PMC9059405 DOI: 10.1186/s12998-022-00426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge about patient satisfaction and experience with care they receive can guide practitioners in establishing doctor-patient relationships and improve health outcomes. Although evidence suggests high patient satisfaction with chiropractic care in general, there is limited understanding of the expectations and experiences of athletes receiving sports chiropractic care.
Objective To explore the athletes’ expectations and experiences with care received from sports chiropractors, and their perceptions of relevant areas of future research.
Methods A qualitative study was conducted through an interpretivist lens exploring the perspectives of elite and competitive athletes receiving care from sports chiropractors in Canada. Participants were purposively recruited and interviewed until saturation was reached. Two research team members independently analyzed the interview transcripts using a conventional approach to content analysis. Content was inductively coded and discussed by the research team to generate categories.
Results We interviewed 18 participants between December 2018 and March 2020, 14 were national level athletes participating in sports ranging from paddling to combat sports. Reported reasons for seeking care included acute care, injury prevention, enhancing performance and maintenance care. Generated categories were organized under topics of experience with care, expectations of care, and research agenda. Participants experienced a variety of interventions, reassurance, varying treatment times, and reported positive impact on their athletic performance. They expected musculoskeletal assessment and treatment including at and beyond the injury site, symptom improvement, good communication and expertise from the chiropractor. Some participants suggested interpersonal and interprofessional communication can be improved, in particular the level of collaboration with other members of their health care team. Overall, participants reported a high level of trust and satisfaction with care received from sports chiropractors. From our participants’ perspective, suggested areas of research should focus on injury mechanics and prevention, impact of care on performance, and interprofessional collaboration. Conclusions In general, participants were very satisfied with care. Overall, participants’ expectations and experiences aligned but changed over time. Addressing the findings of this study can be used to enhance the quality of care provided to athletes from sports chiropractors, as well as inform future research agendas. Further work assessing if athletes in other competitive levels have similar experiences and expectations is needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12998-022-00426-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Eindhoven
- Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie St., Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.
| | - Alex Lee
- Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie St., Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada
| | - Peter Stilwell
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Silvano Mior
- Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, 6100 Leslie St., Toronto, ON, M2H 3J1, Canada.,Institute for Disability and Rehabilitation Research at, Ontario Tech University and Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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21
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Partner R, Jones B, Tee J, Francis P. Playing through the pain: The prevalence of perceived shoulder dysfunction in uninjured rugby players using the Rugby Shoulder Score. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 54:53-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Bonell Monsonís O, Verhagen E, Kaux JF, Bolling C. 'I always considered I needed injury prevention to become an elite athlete': the road to the Olympics from the athlete and staff perspective. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001217. [PMID: 34950504 PMCID: PMC8650470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the perspectives about sports injury prevention of Belgium Olympic level athletes, coaches, managers and healthcare providers from various Olympic sports. We conducted a qualitative study, including 17 semistructured interviews. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed by two independent coders through constant comparative data analysis based on Grounded Theory principles. Our findings overview the athlete's journey to becoming an elite athlete, and how an elite sports context influences and modulates injury prevention practice at this level. Participants described an elite athletic career as a continuous and adaptive evolving process. According to athletes and all stakeholders, sports injury prevention is a learning process shaped by individual experiences. This embodiment provides athletes with insight into the importance of ownership of their bodies and self-awareness. Thus, experience, communication, empowerment, knowledge, education, the elite athlete context and sports culture, all play a fundamental role in sports injury prevention. Our findings support the importance of contextual factors in sports injury prevention in an elite sports context. These results also bring practical implications on how we should approach injury prevention differently along an athlete's journey to becoming an elite athlete. Considering specific contextual factors and influencing the process through awareness, communication and a shared responsibility is essential to develop a healthy and successful athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol Bonell Monsonís
- Department of Movement Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Francois Kaux
- Physical Rehabilitation Medicine and Sports Traumatology Department, SportS2, University of Liège and University Hospital of Liège, French-speaking Research Network for Athlete Health Protection & Performance (ReFORM), Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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23
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Ruffault A, Sorg M, Martin S, Hanon C, Jacquet L, Verhagen E, Edouard P. Determinants of the adoption of injury risk reduction programmes in athletics (track and field): an online survey of 7715 French athletes. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:499-505. [PMID: 34789458 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify individual characteristics associated with the adoption of injury risk reduction programmes (IRRP) and to investigate the variations in sociocognitive determinants (ie, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intentions) of IRRP adoption in athletics (track and field) athletes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey sent to athletes licensed with the French Federation of Athletics to investigate their habits and sociocognitive determinants of IRRP adoption. Sociodemographic characteristics, sports practice and history of previous injuries were also recorded. Logistic regression analyses and group comparisons were performed. RESULTS The final sample was composed of 7715 athletes. From the multivariable analysis, competing at the highest level was positively associated with IRRP adoption (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.66; 99.9% CI 1.39 to 1.99 and AOR=1.48; 99.9% CI 1.22 to 1.80) and presenting a low number of past injuries was negatively associated with IRRP adoption (AOR=0.48; 99.9% CI 0.35 to 0.65 and AOR=0.61; 99.9% CI 0.44 to 0.84), both during their lifetime and the current season, respectively. These results were supported by higher scores of sociocognitive determinants among athletes who reported IRRP adoption compared with other athletes. CONCLUSION Some characteristics of athletes seem to be associated with IRRP adoption either positively (competing at the highest level) or negatively (presenting a lower number of past injuries), whereas all the sociocognitive determinants tested appear to be linked to IRRP adoption. Since many athlete characteristics are difficult or impossible to change, IRRP promotion may be enhanced by targeting athletes' beliefs and intentions to adopt an IRRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ruffault
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise, and Performance (EA 7370), Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (French Institute of Sport (INSEP)), Paris, France.,Unité de Recherche Interfacultaire Santé et Société (URiSS), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marine Sorg
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Simon Martin
- Center of Research on Welfare Health and Sport, Halmstad University (Högskolan i Halmstad), Halmstad, Sweden.,Laboratoire Adaptations Physiologiques à l'Exercice et Réadaptation à l'Effort (APERE), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Christine Hanon
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise, and Performance (EA 7370), Institut National du Sport, de l'Expertise et de la Performance (French Institute of Sport (INSEP)), Paris, France.,French Athletics Federation (FFA), Paris, France
| | - Lison Jacquet
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Sports Medicine Unit, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, University Hospital of Saint-Étienne, Saint-Étienne Cedex 2, France .,Inter-University Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences (LIBM EA 7424), University Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, University of Lyon, Saint-Étienne, France.,European Athletics Medical & Anti Doping Commission, European Athletics Association (EAA), Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Vella S, Bolling C, Verhagen E, Moore IS. Perceiving, reporting and managing an injury – perspectives from national team football players, coaches, and health professionals. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:421-433. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1985164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Vella
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
- Malta Football Association, Millenium Stand, National Stadium, Ta’ Qali ATD, Malta
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vu University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vu University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Sarah Moore
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
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25
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Verhagen E, Warsen M, Silveira Bolling C. 'I JUST WANT TO RUN': how recreational runners perceive and deal with injuries. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001117. [PMID: 34631146 PMCID: PMC8477337 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Running injuries impact the health gains achieved through running and are linked to drop-out from this otherwise healthy activity. The need for effective prevention is apparent, however, implementation of preventive measures implies a change in runners’ behaviour. This exploratory qualitative study aimed to explore Dutch recreational runners’ perception on injuries, injury occurrence and prevention. An interpretative paradigm underpins this study. We conducted 12 individual semistructured interviews with male (n=6) and female runners (n=6). Through a constant comparative data analysis, we developed a conceptual model to illustrate the final product of the analysis and represent the main themes’ connection. We present a framework that describes the pathway from load to injury and the self-regulatory process controlling this pathway. Runners mentioned that pain is not necessarily an injury, and they usually continue running. Once complaints become unmanageable and limit the runner’s ability to participate, an injury was perceived. Based on our outcomes, we recommend that preventive strategies focus on the self-regulation by which runners manage their complaints and injuries—providing information, advice and programmes that support the runner to make well-informed, effective decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Warsen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Silveira Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Zhang Z. SCIENTIFIC SPORTS MEDICINE IN PREVENTING SPORTS INJURIES OF COLLEGE STUDENTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127082021_0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: As the frequency and intensity of school sports activities continue to increase, accidental injuries occur from time to time during sports activities. Objective: This article discusses the positive role of science and technology in sports medicine in promoting sports development. At the same time, the advantages of medical sports to sports injuries are analyzed. Methods: This article uses mathematical statistics to understand the current situation of college students’ sports injuries and risk prevention and control, and discusses the effect of sports medicine on sports injuries. Results: There is a significant difference between the student's sports injury and the number of times, the time, and the amount of exercise they participate in each week. The longer the participation in sports, the more minor the sports injuries are. Conclusion: Strengthening physical education and strengthening awareness of sports risk prevention and control in student teaching can help students avoid sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
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27
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Rees H, Matthews J, McCarthy Persson U, Delahunt E, Boreham C, Blake C. Coaches' attitudes to injury and injury prevention: a qualitative study of Irish field hockey coaches. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001074. [PMID: 34345440 PMCID: PMC8320248 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating injury prevention research into practice has been challenging, which may be due to a poor understanding of the contextual factors influencing the occurrence of injury. Coaches are key figure in sporting environments and hold pivotal roles in preventing injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of field hockey coaches to injury and injury prevention. Thirteen field hockey coaches from the amateur Irish Hockey League were interviewed. Reflexive thematic analysis led to three general dimensions comprised five higher-order themes, categorised from 16 lower-order themes. Coaches had positive beliefs regarding the benefits of injury prevention over injury management. However, they lacked the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully implement injury prevention strategies with players. Coaches recognised the importance of empowering players to self-manage training loads to promote injury prevention but acknowledged the need to protect younger players from increased loads. Many barriers to injury prevention were not controllable by coaches including fixture congestion and poor structuring of the sport's domestic calendar. While coaches can play a key role in the implementation of injury prevention strategies, there is also a requirement to examine how system level barriers to injury prevention can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Rees
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Matthews
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulrik McCarthy Persson
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Boreham
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Patel TS, McGregor A, Williams K, Cumming SP, Williams S. The influence of growth and training loads on injury risk in competitive trampoline gymnasts. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2632-2641. [PMID: 34219613 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1948259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is currently limited research exploring the relationship between growth, training load and injury in gymnasts. Twenty-one national level, trampoline gymnasts recorded training load and injury for 8-weeks. Percentage of predicted adult height (%PAH) was calculated using the Khamis-Roche method and used to define growth spurt status. Training load was calculated using the session rate of perceived exertion and analysed as differential loads and as a 7-day exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA7day). There was a significant non-linear association between %PAH and the probability of injury when adjusting for either training load metric (differential load, P = 0.015; EWMA7day; P = 0.008), with the highest injury risk estimated at ~90% PAH (circa growth spurt). The probability of injury significantly increased with increases in EWMA7day training load (RR: 1.88 95% CI: 1.21- 2.91, P = 0.005) but not with differential load. No significant interaction between %PAH, training load and the probability of injury were observed. Data suggest that competitive trampoline gymnasts are at an increased risk of injury during the adolescent growth spurt or with higher weekly training loads. Coaches should be educated and encouraged to identify periods of rapid growth and monitor training load, to reduce the risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Sarika Patel
- British Gymnastics, Lilleshall National Sports Centre, Shropshire, UK.,Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Alex McGregor
- British Gymnastics, Lilleshall National Sports Centre, Shropshire, UK
| | - Karen Williams
- British Gymnastics, Lilleshall National Sports Centre, Shropshire, UK
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29
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Wik EH, Lolli L, Chamari K, Materne O, Di Salvo V, Gregson W, Bahr R. Injury patterns differ with age in male youth football: a four-season prospective study of 1111 time-loss injuries in an elite national academy. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:794-800. [PMID: 33361134 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe age group patterns for injury incidence, severity and burden in elite male youth football. METHODS Prospective cohort study capturing data on individual exposure and time-loss injuries from training and matches over four seasons (2016/2017 through 2019/2020) at a national football academy (U13-U18; age range: 11-18 years). Injury incidence was calculated as the number of injuries per 1000 hours, injury severity as the median number of days lost and injury burden as the number of days lost per 1000 hours. RESULTS We included 301 players (591 player-seasons) and recorded 1111 time-loss injuries. Overall incidence was 12.0 per 1000 hours (95% CI 11.3 to 12.7) and burden was 255 days lost per 1000 hours (252 to 259). The mean incidence for overall injuries was higher in the older age groups (7.8 to 18.6 injuries per 1000 hours), while the greatest burden was observed in the U16 age group (425 days; 415 to 435). In older age groups, incidence and burden were higher for muscle injuries and lower for physis injuries. Incidence of joint sprains and bone stress injuries was greatest for players in the U16, U17 and U18 age groups, with the largest burden observed for U16 players. No clear age group trend was observed for fractures. CONCLUSION Injury patterns differed with age; tailoring prevention programmes may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Halvorsen Wik
- Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme (ASPREV), Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC), Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lorenzo Lolli
- Football Performance and Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
- Football Exchange, Research Institute of Sport Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme (ASPREV), Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Olivier Materne
- Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme (ASPREV), Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Valter Di Salvo
- Football Performance and Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Warren Gregson
- Football Performance and Science Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, Qatar
- Football Exchange, Research Institute of Sport Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Roald Bahr
- Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme (ASPREV), Department of Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center (OSTRC), Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Bascour-Sandoval C, Norambuena-Noches Y, Monrroy-Uarac M, Flández-Valderrama J, Gálvez-García G, Gajardo-Burgos R. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SLEEP QUALITY AND PAIN IN YOUNG AMATEUR ATHLETES. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202127022019_0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: It has been shown that there is a close association between sleep quality and pain. In young athletes, sleep disorders and pain have a particularly high prevalence; however, the relationship between them has not been widely studied. Objective: To study the association between sleep quality and pain in young athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 71 young amateur athletes (39 males) were included. The mean age was 16.9 ± 1.2 years, with 6.5 ± 3.2 years of sports practice and 5.2 ± 1.2 hours of training per week. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The participants were classified according to sleep quality, as PSQI-I = without sleep disorders, PSQI-II = requiring medical assistance and PSQI-III = requiring medical assistance and treatment. Also, pain intensity was assessed on the Numerical Rating Scale, both at rest (NRSr) and during sports activity (NRSs), along with pain duration. Results: The individuals classified as PSQI-III presented higher NRSr (Mdn = 2.0; IQR = 4.0 vs. Mdn = 0.0; IQR = 2.0; p = 0.04) and higher NRSs (Mdn = 4.0; IQR = 5.0 vs. Mdn = 0.0; IQR = 2.0; p = 0.03) than the individuals classified as PSQI-I. No differences were observed in relation to pain duration. The PSQI score was positively but weakly associated with NRSr (rs = 0.24, p=0.046) and NRSs (rs = 0.27, p = 0.03) but not with pain duration. Conclusion: Young athletes with lower levels of sleep quality show higher levels of pain at rest and during sports practice. Therefore, sleep quality and pain should be considered in the routine assessment of young athletes, by technical and health teams. Level of evidence III; type of study: Cross-sectional .
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31
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Dooley K, Drew MK, Snodgrass SJ, Schultz A, McGann T, Blyton S, Pizzari T, Rio E, Donnan L, Edwards S. Male basketball players who report hip and groin pain perceive its negative impact both on- and off-court: A cross-sectional study. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:660-664. [PMID: 33707154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify if basketball players aged <20 years (U20) self-report hip and/or groin pain and if they perceive this as a problem. To determine potential differences in self-reported playing (training and match play) loads and Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) between those with and without hip/groin pain. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Fifty-one pre-elite (state/national representative level) male U20 basketball players (Australian n=38; Italian n=13) self-reported current/historical hip/groin 'discomfort/pain' and 'problems', and playing loads. A two-factor regression model was fitted including main effects for hip/groin pain and Cohort and their interaction, with outcome variables playing loads and HAGOS subscale scores and dependent variable hip/groin pain. RESULTS Twenty-one players (41%) self-reported hip/groin 'discomfort/pain', of which nine perceived no 'problems'. Two of these nine players reported training/playing time loss due to pain. Those self-reporting hip/groin discomfort/pain scored lower than those without in HAGOS subscales Symptoms (mean difference in score 8.94; 95%CI -25.24, -5.97), Pain (5.00; -16.42, -2.81), Function in daily living (0.00; -26.72 to -5.59), Function in sport and recreation (6.25; -21.24, -5.33), and hip and/or groin Quality of Life (5.00; -28.63, -8.10), indicating worse hip/groin problems. Participation subscale scores were different only for Italian players (36.25; -51.25, -20.00), with players self-reporting hip/groin discomfort/pain scoring lower. CONCLUSION Most players who perceive both hip/groin 'discomfort/pain' and 'problems' also report training/playing time loss, suggesting players' perceptions of problematic symptoms and time-loss are associated. Adolescent basketball players perceive hip/groin pain to negatively impact their daily lives and sporting function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Dooley
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia.
| | - Michael K Drew
- Department of Physical Therapies, Australian Institute of Sport, Australia
| | | | - Adrian Schultz
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tye McGann
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sarah Blyton
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Tania Pizzari
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Ebonie Rio
- Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Luke Donnan
- School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Australia
| | - Suzi Edwards
- School of Environmental & Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Australia
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32
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Bolling C, van Rijn RM, Pasman HR, van Mechelen W, Stubbe JH. In your shoes: A qualitative study on the perspectives of professional dancers and staff regarding dance injury and its prevention. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports Department of Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Movement Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Rogier M. van Rijn
- Codarts University of the Arts Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Athlete Research Lab (PEARL) Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - H. Roeline Pasman
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam The Netherlands
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM) Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences University College Dublin Dublin Ireland
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Janine H. Stubbe
- Codarts University of the Arts Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Athlete Research Lab (PEARL) Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of General Practice Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
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33
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Bolling C. "Who me? I thought you would never ask!” Applying qualitative methods in sports injury prevention research (PhD Academy Award). Br J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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34
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Étude sur la perception des blessures par les athlètes et leurs influences sur la réalisation de mesures de prévention des blessures en athlétisme. JOURNAL DE TRAUMATOLOGIE DU SPORT 2020. [PMCID: PMC7568510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jts.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mieux comprendre les conséquences psychologiques d’une blessure et l’influence de celle-ci sur les modifications de comportement et la réalisation d’un programme de prévention semble pertinent pour la prise en charge thérapeutique et dans une optique de prévention. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette présente étude a donc été (1) d’analyser la perception des blessures par les athlètes, et (2) d’analyser l’influence de celles-ci sur la réalisation de mesures de prévention. Méthodes Nous avons conduit une étude observationnelle quantitative rétrospective nationale de recueil du ressenti des athlètes de compétition licenciés à la Fédération française d’athlétisme vis-à-vis de leurs antécédents de blessures, leur perception de la blessure et les programmes de prévention des blessures, par un questionnaire informatique envoyé aux athlètes au printemps 2020. Résultats Au total, 7712 réponses d’athlètes ont été incluses dans cette analyse, incluant 37 % de femmes et 63 % d’hommes, âgés de 37,9 ± 14,8 ans (de 18 à 87 ans), allant de niveau international à départemental, couvrant toutes les disciplines de l’athlétisme. Soixante-dix pour cent des athlètes n’avaient jamais réalisé de programme de prévention des blessures durant leur carrière, alors que 30 % estimaient en avoir suivi un de manière partielle ou totale. Quatre-vingt dix pour cent des athlètes avaient eu au moins une blessure depuis le début de leur pratique. Les sportifs rapportaient qu’une blessure engendrait une tristesse, une frustration, un dégoût et une préoccupation de se refaire mal au même endroit. Ils étaient conscients qu’une mauvaise prise en charge pouvait entraîner une récidive ou une nouvelle blessure. Les athlètes avec antécédent de blessure réalisaient significativement plus un programme de prévention des lésions que ceux ne s’étant jamais blessés. Ceux s’étant déjà blessés croyaient en l’efficacité des programmes de prévention, davantage que ceux sans antécédent de blessure. En revanche, il n’y avait pas de différence de perception de l’intérêt de mesures préventives telles que l’hygiène de vie, l’écoute de son corps, de ses douleurs et de sa fatigue entre les athlètes avec et sans antécédent de blessures. Conclusion Une blessure peut entraîner des conséquences psychologiques non négligeables pour l’athlète. Ses répercussions sont importantes à prendre en compte dans la prise en charge globale des lésions.
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35
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Shrier I. Consensus statements that fail to recognise dissent are flawed by design: a narrative review with 10 suggested improvements. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:bjsports-2020-102545. [PMID: 32998867 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Consensus statements have the potential to be very influential. Recently, such statements in sport and exercise medicine appear more prescriptive, strongly recommending particular approaches to research or treatment. In 2020, a statement on methods for reporting sport injury surveillance studies included an extension to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines; STROBE guidelines are now official requirements for many journals. This suggests that investigators who use methods outside of these guidelines may have difficulty publishing their results. By definition, consensus is not unanimity, and consensus recommendations are sometimes considered flawed at a later date. This is expected as a discipline benefits from new knowledge. However, the consensus methods themselves may also inadvertently suppress contrary-but valid-opinions. I point to a different model for consensus meetings and statements that embraces dissenting opinions and is more transparent than common current methods in sport and exercise medicine. The method, based on how Supreme Courts function in many countries, allows for both majority and one or more minority opinions. I illustrate how a consensus statement might be written using examples from four previous sport and exercise medicine consensus statements. By adopting the 'Supreme Court' approach, important disagreements about the strength and interpretation of evidence will be far more visible than is currently the case in most consensus meetings. The benefit of the Supreme Court model is that it will ensure that clinicians, researchers and journals are not inappropriately influenced by recommendations from consensus statements where uncertainty remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Shrier
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Communit, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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36
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Edouard P, Ford KR. Great Challenges Toward Sports Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:80. [PMID: 33345071 PMCID: PMC7739591 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Edouard
- Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science (LIBM EA 7424), University of Lyon, University Jean Monnet, Saint Etienne, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Kevin R Ford
- Department of Physical Therapy, Congdon School of Health Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, United States
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37
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Esteve E, Clausen MB, Rathleff MS, Vicens‐Bordas J, Casals M, Palahí‐Alcàcer A, Hölmich P, Thorborg K. Prevalence and severity of groin problems in Spanish football: A prospective study beyond the time‐loss approach. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:914-921. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Esteve
- Sportclínic Physiotherapy and Sports Training Centre Girona Spain
- School of Health and Sports Sciences (EUSES) Universitat de Girona Salt Spain
| | - Mikkel Bek Clausen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Sports Orthopedic Research Center (SORC‐C) Copenhagen University Hospital Amager‐Hvidovre Denmark
- Bachelor's Degree Programme in Physiotherapy Faculty of Health and Technology University College Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
- SMI Department of Health Science and Technology Faculty of Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy Aalborg University Hospital Aalborg Denmark
| | - Jordi Vicens‐Bordas
- Sportclínic Physiotherapy and Sports Training Centre Girona Spain
- School of Health and Sports Sciences (EUSES) Universitat de Girona Salt Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences Universitat de Girona (UdG) Girona Spain
| | - Martí Casals
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF) University of Vic – Central University of Catalonia Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Palahí‐Alcàcer
- Sportclínic Physiotherapy and Sports Training Centre Girona Spain
- Nursing Faculty Universitat de Girona (UdG) Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Per Hölmich
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Sports Orthopedic Research Center (SORC‐C) Copenhagen University Hospital Amager‐Hvidovre Denmark
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Sports Orthopedic Research Center (SORC‐C) Copenhagen University Hospital Amager‐Hvidovre Denmark
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation – Copenhagen (PMR‐C) Amager‐Hvidovre Hospital Copenhagen University Hvidovre Denmark
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38
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Clarsen B, Bahr R, Myklebust G, Andersson SH, Docking SI, Drew M, Finch CF, Fortington LV, Harøy J, Khan KM, Moreau B, Moore IS, Møller M, Nabhan D, Nielsen RO, Pasanen K, Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Verhagen E. Improved reporting of overuse injuries and health problems in sport: an update of the Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center questionnaires. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:390-396. [PMID: 32060142 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) was developed to record the magnitude, symptoms and consequences of overuse injuries in sport. Shortly afterwards, a modified version of the OSTRC-O was developed to capture all types of injuries and illnesses-The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H). Since then, users from a range of research and clinical environments have identified areas in which these questionnaires may be improved. Therefore, the structure and content of the questionnaires was reviewed by an international panel consisting of the original developers, other user groups and experts in sports epidemiology and applied statistical methodology. Following a review panel meeting in October 2017, several changes were made to the questionnaires, including minor wording alterations, changes to the content of one question and the addition of questionnaire logic. In this paper, we present the updated versions of the questionnaires (OSTRC-O2 and OSTRC-H2), assess the likely impact of the updates on future data collection and discuss practical issues related to application of the questionnaires. We believe this update will improve respondent adherence and improve the quality of collected data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe Myklebust
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Haugsboe Andersson
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sean Iain Docking
- LASEM Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Drew
- Athlete Availability Program, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren Victoria Fortington
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joar Harøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karim M Khan
- Family Practice & Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bill Moreau
- Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, California, USA.,University of Western States, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Isabel S Moore
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Merete Møller
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Dustin Nabhan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway.,Sports Medicine Division, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre (SIPRC), Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Tampere Research Center of Sport Medicine, UKK Instituutti, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sports, Exercise, Medicine and Lifestyle Research Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
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Wörner T, Clarsen B, Thorborg K, Eek F. Elite Ice Hockey Goalkeepers Have a High Prevalence of Hip and Groin Problems Associated With Decreased Sporting Function: A Single-Season Prospective Cohort Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119892586. [PMID: 31897413 PMCID: PMC6920599 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119892586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The modern style of goalkeeping in ice hockey is thought to predispose athletes to hip and groin problems. However, little is known about the magnitude of these problems in elite goalkeepers. PURPOSE To describe the incidence, prevalence, and severity of hip and groin problems in elite ice hockey goalkeepers over the course of a single season. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS We invited all elite Swedish ice hockey goalkeepers (n = 128) to participate in this prospective cohort study. Every second week, players reported hip and groin problems experienced within the past 14 days on the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O), classifying problems into "all" and "substantial" hip and groin problems. Three times during the season (pre-, mid-, and end-season), players reported hip and groin function on the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) as well as on the OSTRC-O. RESULTS A total of 101 goalkeepers participated in the study (83.3% male [seniors, 44.1%; juniors, 39.2%], 16.7% female). The cumulative incidences of all hip and groin problems and substantial hip and groin problems were 69% (95% CI, 59%-79%) and 36% (95% CI, 26%-46%), respectively. The average biweekly prevalence for all hip and groin problems and substantial hip and groin problems was 28.1% (95% CI, 25.0%-31.3%) and 10% (95% CI, 8.7%-11.4%), respectively. Among all the reported hip and groin problems, 16.9% (n = 70) were acute, 83.1% (n = 343) were because of overuse, and 15.5% (n = 64) led to time loss. HAGOS did not differ in the pre-, mid-, or end-season. Players reporting hip and groin problems on the OSTRC-O had significantly worse HAGOS scores than players without problems (P < .01). CONCLUSION Hip and groin problems are highly prevalent in elite ice hockey goalkeepers. During a competitive season, 69% of players experienced hip and groin problems and 36% of players suffered from substantial problems. The vast majority of problems were because of overuse, not leading to time loss but related to reduced self-reported hip and groin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wörner
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport
Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Sports Orthopaedic Research Center–Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre,
Denmark
| | - Frida Eek
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Bolling C, Delfino Barboza S, van Mechelen W, Pasman HR. Letting the cat out of the bag: athletes, coaches and physiotherapists share their perspectives on injury prevention in elite sports. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:871-877. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo explore how sports injury prevention takes place in elite sport practice and to describe the perspectives of athletes, coaches and physiotherapists regarding the most critical factors that help prevent injury in the elite sports context.MethodsQualitative study. Semistructured interviews with 19 international level athletes, coaches and physiotherapists, from different Olympic sports. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using comparative data analysis based on Grounded Theory.ResultsThe participants perceived injury risk as an inherent part of elite sports, because athletes try to enhance performance by pushing their limits. Participants described injury prevention as a learning process that changed over time, based on their sports experience and the injuries that they had sustained along their career. Communication among the athletes, coaches and physiotherapists was described as a key component of the injury prevention process. Study participants emphasised the relevance of teamwork and shared responsibility. Performance was presented as the core of the athlete’s daily practice, indicating that injury prevention can be a means to that end but is not a goal in itself for this community.ConclusionParticipants perceive injury prevention as part of elite sports and thus embrace the need for injury prevention. Injury prevention strategies in elite sports were described as a learning process, following the dynamic nature of training for maximal performance. Performance is the participants’ main goal.
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Timpka T, Jacobsson J, Bargoria V, Dahlström Ö. Injury Pain in Track and Field Athletes: Cross-Sectional Study of Mediating Factors. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:E110. [PMID: 31083441 PMCID: PMC6572447 DOI: 10.3390/sports7050110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This exploratory study aimed to investigate whether data from track and field athletes support a conceptual model where the perception of pain affects self-evaluated health directly, yet is also indirectly mediated through personal factors and external stressors. A cross-sectional study was performed among athletes (n = 278) competing at the highest national level in the sport. Data for the dependent and independent variables were collected using the EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D) standardized measure of health status, and the mediator variables were collected by the Body Consciousness Scale (BCS-HA), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ), Commitment to Exercise Scale (CtES), and Brief Cope survey instruments. Two hundred and twenty-five (81%) athletes provided complete data sets. A strong direct association (c = -16.49; p < 0.001) was found between pain and self-estimated health, and a global mediation was found through the mediators (mediation effect (ME), -1.814, 90% confidence interval (CI), -3.414, -0.351). Specific mediation was observed for body competence (ME, -0.721; 90% CI, -2.028, -0.097) and private body consciousness (ME, -0.514; 90% CI, -1.761, -0.017). In conclusion, we found a negative association between perceived pain and self-evaluated health among competitive track and field athletes, and we found that a portion of the association was mediated through mediating factors. Under the assumption that the analyzed pain data primarily represented noxious pain, the conceptual model of the relationships between pain and self-estimated health among high-level track and field athletes was supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Victor Bargoria
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Moi University, Eldoret 30107, Kenya.
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden.
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