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Kang S, Cho S, Jeong D, Kim U, Kim J, Lee S, Jung Y. The Impact of Calcium Depletion on Proliferation of Chlorella sorokiniana Strain DSCG150. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1425-1432. [PMID: 38955803 PMCID: PMC11294638 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2403.03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of Ca2+ metal ions among culture medium components on the Chlorella sorokiniana strain DSCG150 strain cell growth. The C. sorokiniana strain DSCG150 grew based on a multiple fission cell cycle and growth became stagnant in the absence of metal ions in the medium, particularly Ca2+. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopic image analysis results showed that in the absence of Ca2+, cell growth became stagnant as the cells accumulated into four autospores and could not transform into daughter cells. Genetic analysis showed that the absence of Ca2+ caused upregulation of calmodulin (calA) and cell division control protein 2 (CDC2_1) genes, and downregulation of origin of replication complex subunit 6 (ORC6) and dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14A (CDC14A) genes. Analysis of gene expression patterns by qRT-PCR showed that the absence of Ca2+ did not affect cell cycle progression up to 4n autospore, but it inhibited Chlorella cell fission (liberation of autospores). The addition of Ca2+ to cells cultivated in the absence of Ca2+ resulted in an increase in n cell population, leading to the resumption of C. sorokiniana growth. These findings suggest that Ca2+ plays a crucial role in the fission process in Chlorella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontae Kang
- Daesang Cellgene Corporation, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan Cho
- Daesang Cellgene Corporation, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea
| | - Danhee Jeong
- Daesang Cellgene Corporation, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea
| | - Urim Kim
- Daesang Cellgene Corporation, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsug Kim
- Daesang Cellgene Corporation, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmuk Lee
- Daesang Cellgene Corporation, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuchul Jung
- Daesang Cellgene Corporation, Yongin-si 17095, Republic of Korea
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2
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Sharma A, Rahman G, Gorelik J, Bhargava A. Voltage-Gated T-Type Calcium Channel Modulation by Kinases and Phosphatases: The Old Ones, the New Ones, and the Missing Ones. Cells 2023; 12:461. [PMID: 36766802 PMCID: PMC9913649 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) can regulate a wide variety of cellular fates, such as proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. More importantly, changes in the intracellular Ca2+ level can modulate signaling pathways that control a broad range of physiological as well as pathological cellular events, including those important to cellular excitability, cell cycle, gene-transcription, contraction, cancer progression, etc. Not only intracellular Ca2+ level but the distribution of Ca2+ in the intracellular compartments is also a highly regulated process. For this Ca2+ homeostasis, numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required. There are also specialized proteins that are responsible for buffering and transport of Ca2+. T-type Ca2+ channels (TTCCs) are one of those specialized proteins which play a key role in the signal transduction of many excitable and non-excitable cell types. TTCCs are low-voltage activated channels that belong to the family of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Over decades, multiple kinases and phosphatases have been shown to modulate the activity of TTCCs, thus playing an indirect role in maintaining cellular physiology. In this review, we provide information on the kinase and phosphatase modulation of TTCC isoforms Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3, which are mostly described for roles unrelated to cellular excitability. We also describe possible potential modulations that are yet to be explored. For example, both mitogen-activated protein kinase and citron kinase show affinity for different TTCC isoforms; however, the effect of such interaction on TTCC current/kinetics has not been studied yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Ghazala Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Julia Gorelik
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anamika Bhargava
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi 502284, Telangana, India
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3
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George LF, Bates EA. Mechanisms Underlying Influence of Bioelectricity in Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:772230. [PMID: 35237593 PMCID: PMC8883286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.772230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To execute the intricate process of development, cells coordinate across tissues and organs to determine where each cell divides and differentiates. This coordination requires complex communication between cells. Growing evidence suggests that bioelectrical signals controlled via ion channels contribute to cell communication during development. Ion channels collectively regulate the transmembrane potential of cells, and their function plays a conserved role in the development of organisms from flies to humans. Spontaneous calcium oscillations can be found in nearly every cell type and tissue, and disruption of these oscillations leads to defects in development. However, the mechanism by which bioelectricity regulates development is still unclear. Ion channels play essential roles in the processes of cell death, proliferation, migration, and in each of the major canonical developmental signaling pathways. Previous reviews focus on evidence for one potential mechanism by which bioelectricity affects morphogenesis, but there is evidence that supports multiple different mechanisms which are not mutually exclusive. Evidence supports bioelectricity contributing to development through multiple different mechanisms. Here, we review evidence for the importance of bioelectricity in morphogenesis and provide a comprehensive review of the evidence for several potential mechanisms by which ion channels may act in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Faith George
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Emily Anne Bates
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Lewuillon C, Laguillaumie MO, Quesnel B, Idziorek T, Touil Y, Lemonnier L. Put in a “Ca2+ll” to Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030543. [PMID: 35159351 PMCID: PMC8834247 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder characterized by genetic aberrations in myeloid primitive cells (blasts) which lead to their defective maturation/function and their proliferation in the bone marrow (BM) and blood of affected individuals. Current intensive chemotherapy protocols result in complete remission in 50% to 80% of AML patients depending on their age and the AML type involved. While alterations in calcium signaling have been extensively studied in solid tumors, little is known about the role of calcium in most hematologic malignancies, including AML. Our purpose with this review is to raise awareness about this issue and to present (i) the role of calcium signaling in AML cell proliferation and differentiation and in the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells; (ii) the interplay between mitochondria, metabolism, and oxidative stress; (iii) the effect of the BM microenvironment on AML cell fate; and finally (iv) the mechanism by which chemotherapeutic treatments modify calcium homeostasis in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lewuillon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Marie-Océane Laguillaumie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Thierry Idziorek
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasmine Touil
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Loïc Lemonnier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, F-59000 Lille, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Correspondence:
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Decoding the Phosphatase Code: Regulation of Cell Proliferation by Calcineurin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031122. [PMID: 35163061 PMCID: PMC8835043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a calcium-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, integrates the alterations in intracellular calcium levels into downstream signaling pathways by regulating the phosphorylation states of several targets. Intracellular Ca2+ is essential for normal cellular physiology and cell cycle progression at certain critical stages of the cell cycle. Recently, it was reported that calcineurin is activated in a variety of cancers. Given that abnormalities in calcineurin signaling can lead to malignant growth and cancer, the calcineurin signaling pathway could be a potential target for cancer treatment. For example, NFAT, a typical substrate of calcineurin, activates the genes that promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, cyclin D1 and estrogen receptors are dephosphorylated and stabilized by calcineurin, leading to cell proliferation. In this review, we focus on the cell proliferative functions and regulatory mechanisms of calcineurin and summarize the various substrates of calcineurin. We also describe recent advances regarding dysregulation of the calcineurin activity in cancer cells. We hope that this review will provide new insights into the potential role of calcineurin in cancer development.
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Targeting T-type channels in cancer: What is on and what is off? Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:743-758. [PMID: 34838727 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, various studies have demonstrated a pivotal role of T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) in tumor progression. Cytotoxic effects of TTCC pharmacological blockers have been reported in vitro and in preclinical models. However, their roles in cancer physiology are only beginning to be understood. In this review, we discuss evidence for the signaling pathways and cellular processes stemming from TTCC activity, mainly inferred by inverse reasoning from pharmacological blocks and, only in a few studies, by gene silencing or channel activation. A thorough analysis indicates that drug-induced cytotoxicity is partially an off-target effect. Dissection of on/off-target activity is paramount to elucidate the physiological roles of TTCCs, and to deliver efficacious therapies suited to different cancer types and stages.
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Tran MT. Overview of Ca2+ signaling in lung cancer progression and metastatic lung cancer with bone metastasis. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:249-265. [PMID: 36046435 PMCID: PMC9400727 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ ions that are thought to be one of the most important second messengers for cellular signaling, have a substantial diversity of roles in regulating a plethora of fundamental cellular physiology such as gene expression, cell division, cell motility and apoptosis. It has been suggestive of the Ca2+ signaling-dependent cellular processes to be tightly regulated by the numerous types of Ca2+ channels, pumps, exchangers and sensing receptors. Consequently, dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis leads to a series of events connected to elevated malignant phenotypes including uncontrolled proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis, all of which are frequently observed in advanced stage lung cancer cells. The incidence of bone metastasis in patients with advanced stage lung cancer is estimated in a range of 30% to 40%, bringing about a significant negative impact on both morbidity and survival. This review dissects and summarizes the important roles of Ca2+ signaling transduction in contributing to lung cancer progression, and address the question: if and how Ca2+ signaling might have been engaged in metastatic lung cancer with bone metastasis, thereby potentially providing the multifaceted and promising solutions for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Tien Tran
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Goshima T, Habara M, Maeda K, Hanaki S, Kato Y, Shimada M. Calcineurin regulates cyclin D1 stability through dephosphorylation at T286. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12779. [PMID: 31484966 PMCID: PMC6726757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway plays an essential role in the tumorigenic and metastatic properties in breast cancer. The molecular mechanism of the antiproliferative effect of calcineurin inhibition, however, is poorly understood. We found that calcineurin inhibition delayed cell cycle progression at G1/S, and promoted cyclin D1 degradation by inhibiting dephosphorylation at T286. Importantly, overexpression of cyclin D1 partially rescued delayed G1/S progression, thereby revealing cyclin D1 as a key factor downstream of calcineurin inhibition. Cyclin D1 upregulation is observed in human invasive breast cancers, and our findings indicate that dysregulation of T286 phosphorylation could play a role in this phenomenon. We therefore propose that targeting site specific phosphorylation of cyclin D1 could be a potential strategy for clinical intervention of invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Goshima
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Makoto Habara
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Keisuke Maeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Hanaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kato
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Midori Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8511, Japan.
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9
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Vigneault P, Naud P, Qi X, Xiao J, Villeneuve L, Davis DR, Nattel S. Calcium-dependent potassium channels control proliferation of cardiac progenitor cells and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Physiol 2018; 596:2359-2379. [PMID: 29574723 DOI: 10.1113/jp275388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Ex vivo proliferated c-Kit+ endogenous cardiac progenitor cells (eCPCs) obtained from mouse and human cardiac tissues have been reported to express a wide range of functional ion channels. In contrast to previous reports in cultured c-Kit+ eCPCs, we found that ion currents were minimal in freshly isolated cells. However, inclusion of free Ca2+ intracellularly revealed a prominent inwardly rectifying current identified as the intermediate conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ current (KCa3.1) Electrical function of both c-Kit+ eCPCs and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells is critically governed by KCa3.1 calcium-dependent potassium channels. Ca2+ -induced increases in KCa3.1 conductance are necessary to optimize membrane potential during Ca2+ entry. Membrane hyperpolarization due to KCa3.1 activation maintains the driving force for Ca2+ entry that activates stem cell proliferation. Cardiac disease downregulates KCa3.1 channels in resident cardiac progenitor cells. Alterations in KCa3.1 may have pathophysiological and therapeutic significance in regenerative medicine. ABSTRACT Endogenous c-Kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (eCPCs) and bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being developed for cardiac regenerative therapy, but a better understanding of their physiology is needed. Here, we addressed the unknown functional role of ion channels in freshly isolated eCPCs and expanded BM-MSCs using patch-clamp, microfluorometry and confocal microscopy. Isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs were purified from dog hearts by immunomagnetic selection. Ion currents were barely detectable in freshly isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs with buffering of intracellular calcium (Ca2+i ). Under conditions allowing free intracellular Ca2+ , freshly isolated c-Kit+ eCPCs and ex vivo proliferated BM-MSCs showed prominent voltage-independent conductances that were sensitive to intermediate-conductance K+ -channel (KCa3.1 current, IKCa3.1 ) blockers and corresponding gene (KCNN4)-expression knockdown. Depletion of Ca2+i induced membrane-potential (Vmem ) depolarization, while store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) hyperpolarized Vmem in both cell types. The hyperpolarizing SOCE effect was substantially reduced by IKCa3.1 or SOCE blockade (TRAM-34, 2-APB), and IKCa3.1 blockade (TRAM-34) or KCNN4-knockdown decreased the Ca2+ entry resulting from SOCE. IKCa3.1 suppression reduced c-Kit+ eCPC and BM-MSC proliferation, while significantly altering the profile of cyclin expression. IKCa3.1 was reduced in c-Kit+ eCPCs isolated from dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF), along with corresponding KCNN4 mRNA. Under perforated-patch conditions to maintain physiological [Ca2+ ]i , c-Kit+ eCPCs from CHF dogs had less negative resting membrane potentials (-58 ± 7 mV) versus c-Kit+ eCPCs from control dogs (-73 ± 3 mV, P < 0.05), along with slower proliferation. Our study suggests that Ca2+ -induced increases in IKCa3.1 are necessary to optimize membrane potential during the Ca2+ entry that activates progenitor cell proliferation, and that alterations in KCa3.1 may have pathophysiological and therapeutic significance in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vigneault
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrice Naud
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jiening Xiao
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Research Center and Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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10
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Höhne K, Businger R, van Nuffel A, Bolduan S, Koppensteiner H, Baeyens A, Vermeire J, Malatinkova E, Verhasselt B, Schindler M. Virion encapsidated HIV-1 Vpr induces NFAT to prime non-activated T cells for productive infection. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160046. [PMID: 27383627 PMCID: PMC4967821 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of T cells encountered by HIV-1 are non-activated and do not readily allow productive infection. HIV-1 Vpr is highly abundant in progeny virions, and induces signalling and HIV-1 LTR transcription. We hence hypothesized that Vpr might be a determinant of non-activated T-cell infection. Virion-delivered Vpr activated nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) through Ca2+ influx and interference with the NFAT export kinase GSK3β. This leads to NFAT translocation and accumulation within the nucleus and was required for productive infection of unstimulated primary CD4+ T cells. A mutagenesis approach revealed correlation of Vpr-mediated NFAT activation with its ability to enhance LTR transcription and mediate cell cycle arrest. Upon NFAT inhibition, Vpr did not augment resting T-cell infection, and showed reduced G2/M arrest and LTR transactivation. Altogether, Vpr renders unstimulated T cells more permissive for productive HIV-1 infection and stimulates activation of productively infected as well as virus-exposed T cells. Therefore, it could be involved in the establishment and reactivation of HIV-1 from viral reservoirs and might have an impact on the levels of immune activation, which are determinants of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Höhne
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anouk van Nuffel
- Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bolduan
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Herwig Koppensteiner
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ann Baeyens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Vermeire
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Malatinkova
- HIV Translational Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Verhasselt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany Institute of Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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11
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Calcium signaling and cell cycle: Progression or death. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:3-15. [PMID: 28801101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration levels fluctuate in an ordered manner along the cell cycle, in line with the fact that Ca2+ is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. Cell proliferation should be an error-free process, yet is endangered by mistakes. In fact, a complex network of proteins ensures that cell cycle does not progress until the previous phase has been successfully completed. Occasionally, errors occur during the cell cycle leading to cell cycle arrest. If the error is severe, and the cell cycle checkpoints work perfectly, this results into cellular demise by activation of apoptotic or non-apoptotic cell death programs. Cancer is characterized by deregulated proliferation and resistance against cell death. Ca2+ is a central key to these phenomena as it modulates signaling pathways that control oncogenesis and cancer progression. Here, we discuss how Ca2+ participates in the exogenous and endogenous signals controlling cell proliferation, as well as in the mechanisms by which cells die if irreparable cell cycle damage occurs. Moreover, we summarize how Ca2+ homeostasis remodeling observed in cancer cells contributes to deregulated cell proliferation and resistance to cell death. Finally, we discuss the possibility to target specific components of Ca2+ signal pathways to obtain cytostatic or cytotoxic effects.
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12
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Sheftic SR, Page R, Peti W. Investigating the human Calcineurin Interaction Network using the πɸLxVP SLiM. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38920. [PMID: 27974827 PMCID: PMC5156906 DOI: 10.1038/srep38920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ser/thr phosphorylation is the primary reversible covalent modification of proteins in eukaryotes. As a consequence, it is the reciprocal actions of kinases and phosphatases that act as key molecular switches to fine tune cellular events. It has been well documented that ~400 human ser/thr kinases engage substrates via consensus phosphosite sequences. Strikingly, we know comparatively little about the mechanism by which ~40 human protein ser/thr phosphatases (PSPs) dephosphorylate ~15000 different substrates with high specificity. The identification of substrates of the essential PSP calcineurin (CN) has been exceptionally challenging and only a small fraction has been biochemically confirmed. It is now emerging that CN binds regulators and substrates via two short linear motifs (SLiMs), the well-studied PxIxIT SLiM and the LxVP SLiM, which remains controversial at the molecular level. Here we describe the crystal structure of CN in complex with its substrate NFATc1 and show that the LxVP SLiM is correctly defined as πɸLxVP. Bioinformatics studies using the πɸLxVP SLiM resulted in the identification of 567 potential CN substrates; a small subset was experimentally confirmed. This combined structural-bioinformatics approach provides a powerful method for dissecting the CN interaction network and for elucidating the role of CN in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Sheftic
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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13
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Déliot N, Constantin B. Plasma membrane calcium channels in cancer: Alterations and consequences for cell proliferation and migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2512-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
Kv2.1 is a major delayed rectifying K(+) channel normally localized to highly phosphorylated somatodendritic clusters in neurons. Excitatory stimuli induce calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation and dispersal of Kv2.1 clusters, with a concomitant hyperpolarizing shift in the channel's activation kinetics. We showed previously that sublethal ischemia, which renders neurons transiently resistant to excitotoxic cell death, can also induce Zn(2+)-dependent changes in Kv2.1 localization and activation kinetics, suggesting that activity-dependent modifications of Kv2.1 may contribute to cellular adaptive responses to injury. Recently, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) was shown to phosphorylate Kv2.1, with pharmacological Cdk5 inhibition being sufficient to decluster channels. In another study, cyclin E1 was found to restrict neuronal Cdk5 kinase activity. We show here that cyclin E1 regulates Kv2.1 cellular localization via inhibition of Cdk5 activity. Expression of cyclin E1 in human embryonic kidney cells prevents Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of Kv2.1, and cyclin E1 overexpression in rat cortical neurons triggers dispersal of Kv2.1 channel clusters. Sublethal ischemia in neurons induces calcineurin-dependent upregulation of cyclin E1 protein expression and cyclin E1-dependent Kv2.1 channel declustering. Importantly, overexpression of cyclin E1 in neurons is sufficient to reduce excitotoxic cell death. These results support a novel role for neuronal cyclin E1 in regulating the phosphorylation status and localization of Kv2.1 channels, a likely component of signaling cascades leading to ischemic preconditioning.
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15
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Goodyer WR, Gu X, Liu Y, Bottino R, Crabtree GR, Kim SK. Neonatal β cell development in mice and humans is regulated by calcineurin/NFAT. Dev Cell 2012; 23:21-34. [PMID: 22814600 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms governing neonatal growth and maturation of organs. Here we demonstrate that calcineurin/Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (Cn/NFAT) signaling regulates neonatal pancreatic development in mouse and human islets. Inactivation of calcineurin b1 (Cnb1) in mouse islets impaired dense core granule biogenesis, decreased insulin secretion, and reduced cell proliferation and mass, culminating in lethal diabetes. Pancreatic β cells lacking Cnb1 failed to express genes revealed to be direct NFAT targets required for replication, insulin storage, and secretion. In contrast, glucokinase activation stimulated Cn-dependent expression of these genes. Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus, used for human immunosuppression, induce diabetes. Tacrolimus exposure reduced Cn/NFAT-dependent expression of factors essential for insulin dense core granule formation and secretion and neonatal β cell proliferation, consistent with our genetic studies. Discovery of conserved pathways regulating β cell maturation and proliferation suggests new strategies for controlling β cell growth or replacement in human islet diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Goodyer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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16
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The effect of down regulation of calcineurin Aα by lentiviral vector-mediated RNAi on the biological behavior of small-cell lung cancer and its bone metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011; 28:765-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Faouzi M, Hague F, Potier M, Ahidouch A, Sevestre H, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Down-regulation of Orai3 arrests cell-cycle progression and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells but not in normal breast epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:542-51. [PMID: 20683915 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer in the world in terms of incidence and mortality in women. However, the mechanism by which BC develops remains largely unknown. The increase in cytosolic free Ca(2+) can result in different physiological changes including cell growth and death. Orai isoforms are highly Ca(2+) selective channels. In the present study, we analyzed Orai3 expression in normal and cancerous breast tissue samples, and its role in MCF-7 BC and normal MCF-10A mammary epithelial cell lines. We found that the expression of Orai3 mRNAs was higher in BC tissues and MCF-7 cells than in normal tissues and MCF-10A cells. Down-regulation of Orai3 by siRNA inhibited MCF-7 cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle at G1 phase. This phenomenon is associated with a reduction in CDKs 4/2 (cyclin-dependent kinases) and cyclins E and D1 expression and an accumulation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) and p53 (a tumor-suppressing protein). Orai3 was also involved in MCF-7 cell survival. Furthermore, Orai3 mediated Ca(2+) entry and contributed to intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). In MCF-10A cells, silencing Orai3 failed to modify [Ca(2+)](i), cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, cyclins (D1, E), CDKs (4, 2), and p21(Waf1/Cip1) expression. Our results provide strong evidence for a significant effect of Orai3 on BC cell growth in vitro and show that this effect is associated with the induction of cell cycle and apoptosis resistance. Our study highlights a possible role of Orai3 as therapeutic target in BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Faouzi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, JE 2530: Canaux ioniques dans le Cancer du Sein, Faculté des Sciences, UPJV, Amiens, France
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18
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Pluteanu F, Cribbs LL. Regulation and function of Cav3.1 T-type calcium channels in IGF-I-stimulated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010; 300:C517-25. [PMID: 21148410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00107.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Arterial smooth muscle cells enter the cell cycle and proliferate in conditions of disease and injury, leading to adverse vessel remodeling. In the pulmonary vasculature, diverse stimuli cause proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), pulmonary artery remodeling, and the clinical condition of pulmonary hypertension associated with significant health consequences. PASMC proliferation requires extracellular Ca(2+) influx that is intimately linked with intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Among the primary sources of Ca(2+) influx in PASMCs is the low-voltage-activated family of T-type Ca(2+) channels; however, up to now, mechanisms for the action of T-type channels in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation have not been addressed. The Ca(v)3.1 T-type Ca(2+) channel mRNA is upregulated in cultured PASMCs stimulated to proliferate with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and this upregulation depends on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling. Multiple stimuli that trigger an acute rise in intracellular Ca(2+) in PASMCs, including IGF-I, also require the expression of Ca(v)3.1 Ca(2+) channels for their action. IGF-I also led to cell cycle initiation and proliferation of PASMCs, and, when expression of the Ca(v)3.1 Ca(2+) channel was knocked down by RNA interference, so were the expression and activation of cyclin D, which are necessary steps for cell cycle progression. These results confirm the importance of T-type Ca(2+) channels in proper progression of the cell cycle in PASMCs stimulated to proliferate by IGF-I and suggest that Ca(2+) entry through Ca(v)3.1 T-type channels in particular interacts with Ca(2+)-dependent steps of the mitogenic signaling cascade as a central component of vascular remodeling in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Pluteanu
- Department of Medicine, Loyola Univ. Chicago, 2160 S. 1 Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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19
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Lee CL, Jiang P, Sit WH, Yang X, Wan JMF. Regulatory properties of polysaccharopeptide derived from Coriolus versicolor and its combined effect with ciclosporin on the homeostasis of human lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 62:1028-36. [PMID: 20663037 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.08.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lymphocyte homoeostasis is essential in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In search of natural fungal metabolites with effects on lymphocyte homoeostasis, we recently reported that polysaccharopeptide (PSP) from Coriolus versicolor exhibited ciclosporin-like activity in controlling aberrant lymphocyte activation. This object of this study was to investigate its effect on lymphocyte homoeostasis. This was done by investigating the mechanistic actions of PSP in relation to ciclosporin by performing cell cycle and cell death analysis of human lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS We investigated the effect of PSP in the presence and absence of ciclosporin on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell death, immunophenotype and cell cycle regulatory proteins in human lymphocytes. KEY FINDINGS The data showed that PSP exhibited homoeostatic activity by promoting and inhibiting the proliferation of resting and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes, respectively. PHA-stimulated lymphocytes exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by a reduction of cyclin E expression with PSP treatment. Both PSP and ciclosporin blocked the reduction of the CD4/CD8 ratio in stimulated lymphocytes. PSP did not induce cell death in human lymphocytes, but the suppression of the Fasreceptor suggested a protective role of PSP against extrinsic cell death signals. These homoeostatic effects were more potent with combined PSP and ciclosporin treatment than with either fungal metabolite alone. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results reveal certain novel effects of PSP in lymphocyte homoeostasis and suggest potential as a specific immunomodulatory adjuvant for clinical applications in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Lun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR
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20
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Liu Y, Zhang Y, Min J, Liu LL, Ma NQ, Feng YM, Liu D, Wang PZ, Huang DD, Zhuang Y, Zhang HL. Calcineurin promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2010; 31:199-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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21
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El Boustany C, Katsogiannou M, Delcourt P, Dewailly E, Prevarskaya N, Borowiec AS, Capiod T. Differential roles of STIM1, STIM2 and Orai1 in the control of cell proliferation and SOCE amplitude in HEK293 cells. Cell Calcium 2010; 47:350-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Gopinath S, Vanamala SK, Gujrati M, Klopfenstein JD, Dinh DH, Rao JS. Doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis in glioma cells requires NFAT3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3967-78. [PMID: 19784808 PMCID: PMC2809824 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a family of transcription factors, has been implicated in many cellular processes, including some cancers. Here, we characterize, for the first time, the role of NFAT3 in doxorubicin (DOX)-mediated apoptosis, migration, and invasion in SNB19 and U87 glioma cells. This study demonstrates that the specific knockdown of NFAT3 results in a dramatic inhibition of the apoptotic effect induced by DOX and favors cell survival. Inhibition of NFAT3 activation by shNFAT3 (shNF3) significantly downregulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induction, its receptor TNFR1, caspase 10, caspase 3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, abrogating DOX-mediated apoptosis in glioma cells. DOX treatment resulted in NFAT3 translocation to the nucleus. Similarly, shNF3 treatment in SNB19 and U87 cells reversed DOX-induced inhibition of cell migration and invasion, as determined by wound healing and matrigel invasion assays. Taken together, these results indicate that NFAT3 is a prerequisite for the induction of DOX-mediated apoptosis in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelatha Gopinath
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, 1649, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Sravan K. Vanamala
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, 1649, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Meena Gujrati
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Klopfenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Dzung H. Dinh
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
| | - Jasti S. Rao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, 1649, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine at Peoria, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61656 USA
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23
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Signaling pathways involved in DNA synthesis and migration in response to lysophosphatidic acid and low-density lipoprotein in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 50:178-84. [PMID: 19563736 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Revised: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), one of the lipid components of lipoprotein, induced the DNA synthesis of coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). The LDL- and LPA-induced DNA synthesis was markedly inhibited by the LPA receptor antagonist Ki16425, pertussis toxin, small interfering RNAs targeted for LPA1 receptors, and a potent calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A. It has been reported that LDL and LPA induced a migration response in a manner sensitive to Ki16425, pertussis toxin, and a LPA1 receptor-specific small interfering RNA. However, cyclosporine A was ineffective in inhibiting the migration response. Instead, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor markedly suppressed the migration response to LDL and LPA without having any significant effect on DNA synthesis. Thus, the LDL-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis and migration in CASMCs is mediated by its component LPA through LPA1 receptors and G(i/o)-proteins. Ca2+/calcineurin pathways and transactivation of EGF receptors mediate LPA1-receptor-induced DNA synthesis and migration, respectively.
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24
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Roderick HL, Cook SJ. Ca2+ signalling checkpoints in cancer: remodelling Ca2+ for cancer cell proliferation and survival. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8:361-75. [PMID: 18432251 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increases in cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) represent a ubiquitous signalling mechanism that controls a variety of cellular processes, including proliferation, metabolism and gene transcription, yet under certain conditions increases in intracellular Ca2+ are cytotoxic. Thus, in using Ca2+ as a messenger, cells walk a tightrope in which [Ca2+]i is strictly maintained within defined boundaries. To adhere to these boundaries and to sustain their modified phenotype, many cancer cells remodel the expression or activity of their Ca2+ signalling apparatus. Here, we review the role of Ca2+ in promoting cell proliferation and cell death, how these processes are remodelled in cancer and the opportunities this might provide for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Llewelyn Roderick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
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25
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Seo M, Kim Y, Lee YI, Kim SY, Ahn YM, Kang UG, Roh MS, Kim YS, Juhnn YS. Membrane depolarization stimulates the proliferation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by increasing retinoblastoma protein (RB) phosphorylation through the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). Neurosci Lett 2006; 404:87-92. [PMID: 16824683 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane depolarization causes transmembrane ionic influxes that induce various gene expressions, and is involved in the processes of neuronal differentiation and apoptosis. However, the effect of membrane depolarization on neuronal proliferation has not been established. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of membrane depolarization on the proliferation of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Membrane depolarization induced by 50 mM KCl for 5 min significantly increased SH-SY5Y cell numbers and thymidine incorporation at 24 h after depolarization, and increased the phosphorylation and expression of retinoblastoma protein (RB), the activity of Cdk2 (without changing the activities of Cdk4 and Cdk6), and the expressions of cyclin A and cyclin E. Single and repeated depolarization (once a day for 6 days) had similar effects on RB, Cdks, and cyclins levels and activities. In summary, our results suggest that membrane depolarization may stimulate cellular proliferation by augmenting the expression of cyclin E leading to increases in Cdk2 activity and RB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Buchholz M, Schatz A, Wagner M, Michl P, Linhart T, Adler G, Gress TM, Ellenrieder V. Overexpression of c-myc in pancreatic cancer caused by ectopic activation of NFATc1 and the Ca2+/calcineurin signaling pathway. EMBO J 2006; 25:3714-24. [PMID: 16874304 PMCID: PMC1538549 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 05/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) proteins are a family of Ca2+/calcineurin-responsive transcription factors primarily recognized for their central roles in T lymphocyte activation and cardiac valve development. We demonstrate that NFATc1 is commonly overexpressed in pancreatic carcinomas and enhances the malignant potential of tumor cells through transcriptional activation of the c-myc oncogene. Activated NFATc1 directly binds to a specific element within the proximal c-myc promoter and upregulates c-myc transcription, ultimately resulting in increased cell proliferation and enhanced anchorage-independent growth. Conversely, c-myc transcription and anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth is significantly attenuated by inhibition of Ca2+/calcineurin signaling or siRNA-mediated knock down of NFATc1 expression. Together, these results demonstrate that ectopic activation of NFATc1 and the Ca2+/calcineurin signaling pathway is an important mechanism of oncogenic c-myc activation in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Buchholz
- Translational Genome Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schatz
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Clinical GI research, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Michl
- Translational Genome Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Linhart
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Guido Adler
- Clinical GI research, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Translational Genome Research Group, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Ellenrieder
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Innere Medizin, SP Gastroenterologie, Universitaet Marburg, Baldingerstraβe, 35043 Marburg, Germany. Tel.: +49 6421 286 2318; Fax: +49 6421 286 8922; E-mail:
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27
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Luesch H, Chanda SK, Raya RM, DeJesus PD, Orth AP, Walker JR, Izpisúa Belmonte JC, Schultz PG. A functional genomics approach to the mode of action of apratoxin A. Nat Chem Biol 2006; 2:158-67. [PMID: 16474387 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cyanobacterial metabolite apratoxin A (1) demonstrates potent cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines by a hitherto unknown mechanism. We have used functional genomics to elucidate the molecular basis for this activity. Gene expression profiling and DNA content analysis showed that apratoxin A induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cell-based functional assays with a genome-wide collection of expression cDNAs showed that ectopic induction of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling attenuates the apoptotic activity of apratoxin A. This natural product inhibited phosphorylation and activation of STAT3, a downstream effector of FGFR signaling. It also caused defects in FGF-dependent processes during zebrafish development, with concomitant reductions in expression levels of the FGF target gene mkp3. We conclude that apratoxin A mediates its antiproliferative activity through the induction of G1 cell cycle arrest and an apoptotic cascade, which is at least partially initiated through antagonism of FGF signaling via STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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28
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Mignen O, Brink C, Enfissi A, Nadkarni A, Shuttleworth TJ, Giovannucci DR, Capiod T. Carboxyamidotriazole-induced inhibition of mitochondrial calcium import blocks capacitative calcium entry and cell proliferation in HEK-293 cells. J Cell Sci 2005; 118:5615-23. [PMID: 16306224 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blocking calcium entry may prevent normal and pathological cell proliferation. There is evidence suggesting that molecules such as carboxyamidotriazole, widely used in anti-cancer therapy based on its ability to block calcium entry in nonexcitable cells, also have antiproliferative properties. We found that carboxyamidotriazole and the capacitative calcium entry blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibited proliferation in HEK-293 cells with IC50 values of 1.6 and 50 μM, respectively. Capacitative calcium entry is activated as a result of intracellular calcium store depletion. However, non-capacitative calcium entry pathways exist that are independent of store depletion and are activated by arachidonic acid and diacylglycerol, generated subsequent to G protein coupled receptor stimulation. We found that carboxyamidotriazole completely inhibited the capacitative calcium entry and had no effect on the amplitude of arachidonic-acid-activated non-capacitative calcium entry. However, investigation of the effects of carboxyamidotriazole on mitochondrial calcium dynamics induced by carbachol, capacitative calcium entry and exogenously set calcium loads in intact and digitonin-permeabilized cells revealed that carboxyamidotriazole inhibited both calcium entry and mitochondrial calcium uptake in a time-dependent manner. Mitochondrial inner-membrane potential was altered by carboxyamidotriazole treatment, suggesting that carboxyamidotriazole antagonizes mitochondrial calcium import and thus local calcium clearance, which is crucial for the maintenance of capacitative calcium entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mignen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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29
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Colomer JM, Terasawa M, Means AR. Targeted expression of calmodulin increases ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis during mouse development. Endocrinology 2004; 145:1356-66. [PMID: 14670993 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cell signaling pathways that control ventricular cardiomyocyte proliferation during development are poorly understood. Here we show that increasing levels of the ubiquitous Ca(2+) receptor calmodulin (CaM) can regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo. Targeted overexpression of calmodulin in the heart during embryonic development leads to a 37% or a 79% increase in the number of ventricular myocytes present at embryonic d 17 in mice heterozygous or homozygous for the transgene, respectively. Whereas all homozygous mice die within 10 d after birth, most of the heterozygous mice survive even though they contain 40% more ventricular myocytes relative to the wild-type mice throughout development and into adulthood. The CaM transgene continues to be overexpressed postnatally and, although cell proliferation ceases soon after birth, the elevated levels of CaM lead to an increase in DNA synthesis, which correlates with an increase in the degree of ventricular myocyte polyploidy. Only after proliferation has ceased and polyploidy has become maximal does the continued presence of overexpressed CaM lead to ventricular hypertrophy. However, unlike the case for myocyte number, turning off expression of the CaM transgene results in regression of the hypertrophic response. Together, our results reveal that excess CaM enhances the extent of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis as well as development of hypertrophy of ventricular myocytes in vivo, in a manner consistent with the normal timing of these events during heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Colomer
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Box 3813, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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30
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Kahl CR, Means AR. Calcineurin regulates cyclin D1 accumulation in growth-stimulated fibroblasts. Mol Biol Cell 2004; 15:1833-42. [PMID: 14767060 PMCID: PMC379279 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e03-10-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) and calmodulin (CaM) are required for progression of mammalian cells from quiescence into S phase. In multiple cell types, cyclosporin A causes a G(1) cell cycle arrest, implicating the serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin as one Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent enzyme required for G(1) transit. Here, we show, in diploid human fibroblasts, that cyclosporin A arrested cells in G(1) before cyclin D/cdk4 complex activation and retinoblastoma hyperphosphorylation. This arrest occurred in early G(1) with low levels of cyclin D1 protein. Because cyclin D1 mRNA was induced normally in the cyclosporin A-treated cells, we analyzed the half-life of cyclin D1 in the presence of cyclosporin A and found no difference from control cells. However, cyclosporin A treatment dramatically reduced cyclin D1 protein synthesis. Although these pharmacological experiments suggested that calcineurin regulates cyclin D1 synthesis, we evaluated the effects of overexpression of activated calcineurin on cyclin D1 synthesis. In contrast to the reduction of cyclin D1 with cyclosporin A, ectopic expression of calcium/calmodulin-independent calcineurin promoted synthesis of cyclin D1 during G(1) progression. Therefore, calcineurin is a Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent target that regulates cyclin D1 accumulation in G(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Kahl
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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31
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Afroze T, Yang LL, Wang C, Gros R, Kalair W, Hoque AN, Mungrue IN, Zhu Z, Husain M. Calcineurin-independent regulation of plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase-4 in the vascular smooth muscle cell cycle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 285:C88-95. [PMID: 12660151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00518.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin mediates repression of plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase-4 (PMCA4) expression in neurons, whereas c-Myb is known to repress PMCA1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Here, we describe a novel mouse VSMC line (MOVAS) in which 45Ca efflux rates decreased 50%, fura 2-AM-based intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) increased twofold, and real-time RT-PCR and Western blot revealed a approximately 40% decrease in PMCA4 expression levels from G0 to G1/S in the cell cycle, where PMCA4 constituted approximately 20% of total PMCA protein. Although calcineurin activity increased fivefold as MOVAS progressed from G0 to G1/S, inhibition of this increase with either BAPTA or retroviral transduction with peptide inhibitors of calcineurin (CAIN), or its downstream target nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) (VIVIT), had no effect on the repression of PMCA4 mRNA expression at G1/S. By contrast, Ca2+-independent activity of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK-II) increased eightfold as MOVAS progressed from G0 to G1/S, and treatment with an inhibitor of CaMK-II (KN-93) or transduction of a c-Myb-neutralizing antibody significantly alleviated the G1/S-associated repression of PMCA4. These data show that G1/S-specific PMCA4 repression in proliferating VSMC is brought about by c-Myb and CaMK-II and that calcineurin may regulate cell cycle-associated [Ca2+]i through alternate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talat Afroze
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G-2C4
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Xu YJ, Rathi SS, Chapman DC, Arneja AS, Dhalla NS. Mechanisms of lysophosphatidic acid-induced DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2003; 41:381-7. [PMID: 12605016 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200303000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the signal transduction mechanisms of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced vascular smooth muscle (VSM) DNA synthesis, rat aortic A10 cells were used as an experimental model and [ H]-thymidine incorporation was used as an index of DNA synthesis. LPA caused dose- and time-dependent increase in DNA synthesis in A10 VSM cells. LPA (10 microM) also stimulated the activity of casein kinase II (CKII) in a time-dependent manner. The inhibitors of CKII, daidzein and 5,6-dichlorobenzimidazole riboside, diminished the LPA-induced increase in CKII activity and DNA synthesis. The LPA-stimulated activities of extracellularly regulated kinases (ERK) and p38 kinases as well as the stimulatory effects of LPA on DNA synthesis were blocked by ERK inhibitor, PD98059, and p38 kinase inhibitor, SB203580. The LPA-induced increase in intracellular free Ca and the LPA-induced DNA synthesis were not affected by Ca channel blockers, verapamil and diltiazem, as well as a Ca -dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin) inhibitor, cyclosporine A. These data suggest that the LPA-induced DNA synthesis in VSM cells may be mediated by a signal transduction mechanism involving CKII, ERK, and p38 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface General Hospital Research Center, Departments of Physiology and Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Caetano MS, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Teixeira LK, Werneck MBF, Barcinski MA, Viola JPB. NFATC2 transcription factor regulates cell cycle progression during lymphocyte activation: evidence of its involvement in the control of cyclin gene expression. FASEB J 2002; 16:1940-2. [PMID: 12368232 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-0282fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upon antigen stimulation, lymphocytes enter in cell cycle and proliferate, and most of the activated T cells die by apoptosis. Many of the proteins that regulate lymphocyte activation are Under the control of transcription factors belonging to the NFAT family. As previously demonstrated, NFATC2-/- mice consistently showed a marked increase in lymphocyte proliferation. Here, we evaluate the role of NFATC2 in regulating lymphocyte proliferation and its involvement in the control of cell cycle progression during lymphocyte activation. NFATC2-/- lymphocytes, including CD4+ T cells and B cells, hyperproliferated upon stimulation when compared with NFATC2+/+ cells. Analysis of cell death demonstrated that NFATC2-/- lymphocytes displayed an increased rate of apoptosis after antigen stimulation in addition to the hyperproliferation. Cell cycle analysis after antigen stimulation showed that NFATC2-/- cultures contained more cycling cells when compared with NFATC2+/+ cultures, which is related to a shortening in time of cell division upon activation. Furthermore, hyperproliferation of NFATC2-/- lymphocytes is correlated to an overexpression of cyclins A2, B1, E, and F. Taken together, our results suggest that the NFATC2 transcription factor plays an important role in the control of cell cycle during lymphocyte activation and may act as an inhibitor of cell proliferation in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio S Caetano
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Ratner AJ, Bryan R, Weber A, Nguyen S, Barnes D, Pitt A, Gelber S, Cheung A, Prince A. Cystic fibrosis pathogens activate Ca2+-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in airway epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:19267-75. [PMID: 11278360 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007703200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis is associated with polymorphonuclear leukocyte-dominated airway inflammation caused by bacterial infection. Respiratory epithelial cells express the polymorphonuclear chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in response to ligation of asialylated glycolipid receptors, which are increased on damaged or regenerating cells and those with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations. Because both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogens in cystic fibrosis, bind asialylated glycolipid receptors such as asialoGM1, we postulated that diverse bacteria can activate a common epithelial signaling pathway to elicit IL-8 expression. P. aeruginosa PAO1 but not pil mutants and S. aureus RN6390 but not the agr mutant RN6911 stimulated increases in [Ca(2+)](i) in 1HAEo- airway epithelial cells. This response stimulated p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades resulting in NF-kappaB activation and IL-8 expression. Ligation of the asialoGM1 receptor or thapsigargin-elicited Ca(2+) release activated this pathway, whereas P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide did not. The rapid kinetics of epithelial activation precluded bacterial invasion of the epithelium. Recognition of asialylated glycolipid receptors on airway epithelial cells provides a common pathway for Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms to initiate an epithelial inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Ratner
- College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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She QB, Mukherjee JJ, Chung T, Kiss Z. Placental alkaline phosphatase, insulin, and adenine nucleotides or adenosine synergistically promote long-term survival of serum-starved mouse embryo and human fetus fibroblasts. Cell Signal 2000; 12:659-65. [PMID: 11080618 DOI: 10.1016/s0898-6568(00)00117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Earlier we showed that in serum-starved fibroblasts placental alkaline phosphatase (PALP) can exert growth factor-like effects. Here we report that in mouse embryo (NIH 3T3) and human fetus (HTB-157) fibroblasts, PALP (200 nM) alone provided full protection against serum starvation-induced cell death for 5 days. After 12 days, substantial effects of PALP on cell survival required the copresence of insulin (500 nM) and ATP or adenosine (100 microM). In serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells, PALP induced activating phosphorylation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases; insulin, but not ATP, had small additional effects. PALP also stimulated the expression of various cyclins; ATP both prolonged and enhanced PALP-induced expression of cyclins A and E. Finally, ATP/adenosine enhanced activation of Akt kinase by insulin. The results suggest that PALP may be a regulator of growth and remodeling of fetal tissues during the second and third trimester of pregnancy when it is expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q B She
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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She QB, Huang JS, Mukherjee JJ, Crilly KS, Kiss Z. The possible mechanism of synergistic effects of ethanol, zinc and insulin on DNA synthesis in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. FEBS Lett 1999; 460:199-202. [PMID: 10544234 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In serum-starved NIH 3T3 fibroblast cultures, zinc (15-40 microM) enhanced both the individual and combined stimulatory effects of insulin and ethanol (EtOH) on DNA synthesis. Zinc, but not EtOH, also promoted the stimulatory effects of insulin on activating phosphorylation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. In the presence of zinc, insulin induced premature expression of cyclin E during early G1 phase; EtOH partially restored the normal timing (late G1 phase) of cyclin E expression. The results suggest that zinc and EtOH promote insulin-induced DNA synthesis by different mechanisms; while zinc acts by enhancing the effects of insulin on MAP kinase activation, EtOH may act by ensuring timely zinc-dependent insulin-induced expression of cyclin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q B She
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
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